2021 United States Capitol attack

Homegrown: Timothy McVeigh and the Rise of Right-Wing Extremism
by Jeffrey Toobin
Published 1 May 2023

On August 11, 2022, a Trump supporter, outraged by the search at Mar-a-Lago, wielded an AR-15 assault weapon and attempted to storm the FBI field office in Cincinnati; he was killed in a confrontation with law enforcement. Later, a Tennessee man who had been charged in the storming of the Capitol on January 6 was indicted in a plot to kill the FBI agents who had arrested him and to attack the FBI field office in Knoxville. On October 28, 2022, David DePape, whose social media showed support for a range of right-wing causes, broke into the San Francisco home of Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic Speaker of the House, demanding “Where’s Nancy? Where’s Nancy?”—a cry that was also made by the rioters inside the Capitol on January 6. DePape found only her husband, Paul, and attacked him with a hammer. The vipers of talk radio, and the internet, displayed as much venom as ever.

…

Social media, either through major platforms like Facebook or specialized sites like 4chan, allowed for instant connections with potential allies. (One study sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security found that social media was used in 90 percent of extremist plots in the United States.) More than any other reason, the internet accounts for the difference between McVeigh’s lonely crusade and the thousands who stormed the Capitol on January 6, 2021. * * * In the fall of 1992, McVeigh finally moved out of his father’s house and into a nearby apartment. His first purchase was a deluxe portable Radio Shack radio, which could receive ten shortwave bands, but only when the sun was down and reception was better. McVeigh became a devoted listener to William Cooper, a self-styled “patriot,” whose program The Hour of Our Time, was broadcast out of his home in rural Arizona.

…

By the fall of 1994, the plan for the bombing had a momentum of its own, and that was ultimately the most important reason for it; it was not the result of strategic or tactical thinking but rather an expression of rage. In a similar way, it may be that relatively few of the hundreds of people who invaded the Capitol on January 6, 2021, actually thought that they would overturn the election. As with McVeigh, the rage—as much as the result—was the point. * * * Terry, Marife, their daughter, Nicole, and Tim were now all living under one small roof in Marion, Kansas. That proximity created an immediate complication.

The Authoritarian Moment: How the Left Weaponized America's Institutions Against Dissent
by Ben Shapiro
Published 26 Jul 2021

Or does it come from the left-wing authoritarians in government, who broadly disdain the Constitution and believe in the implementation of their worldview from the top down? If there is a threat to our most basic liberties, whom should we most fear: the dumbasses in clown suits invading the Capitol on January 6? Donald Trump, a man who talked like an authoritarian but did not actually govern as one? Or the monolithic leftists who dominate the top echelons of nearly every powerful institution in American society, and who frequently use their power to silence their opposition? LIFE UNDER LEFT-WING SOCIAL AUTHORITARIANISM Deep down, Americans know the answer to this question.

…

See top-down censorship Center for American Progress (CAP), 64–65 Center for Antiracism Research, 197–98 Centers for Disease Control (CDC), COVID 19 vaccines and social justice, 104–6 Chait, Jonathan, 2 Chappelle, Dave, 150, 153 Chick-fil-A, 133 China, 135, 146, 159–60 Chomsky, Noam, 41 Christakis, Nicholas and Erika, 93 Cisco, 121–22 Citigroup, 136 civil rights movement corporations and, 124–25, 128–29 Revolutionary Impulse and, 55–58 Zuckerberg and, 199–200 class-divided culture, Marxist theory of, 30, 54–55 climate change, Scientism and, 106–10 Clinton, Bill, 46, 52–53, 58 Clinton, Hillary, 24, 65, 181, 191 Clyburn, James, 13 CNN, 11, 185, 191 Coca-Cola, 39 Colbert, Stephen, 78 Cole, Harold, 51 Coll, Steve, 184 Color of Change, 133, 149 Columbia University, 90 Coming Apart (Murray), 77 Communications Decency Act, Section 230, 193–96 Community (television program), 148 community organizers, 47, 61–62 conventionalism, right-wing authoritarianism and, 7, 9 Conway, Lucian, 7–8 Cook, Tim, 121 Coolidge, Calvin, 49–50 Cops (television program), 149 Cordiality Principle, 32–34, 89, 218, 219 Cornell University, 90–91 corporations, 37, 120, 126–27 Black Lives Matter movement and, 120–23 boycott of those dissenting from wokeism, 133–34 customer bases and renormalization via market forces, 125–26 diversity training and environment of conformity, 121–22, 131–32 free markets and, 124, 129, 138 growth of, 137–38 legal liability for diversity and, 124–25, 127 media and, 133–34 policies and political bifurcation of markets, 134–37 retroactive cancellation of employment and, 123–24 statements regarding supposed systemic racism, 120–23 Costello, Thomas, 8 Cotton, Tom, 174–75 COVID 19, 129, 138 health protocols and exceptions for Floyd protests and riots, 97–104 vaccines and social justice, 104–6 credentialism, universities and, 73–80 Critical Race Theory (CRT) basic principles of, 56 Biden administration and, 66, 68 Obama’s intersectional coalition and, 59–61 Revolutionary Impulse and, 55–59 critics, entertainment’s liberalism and, 151–54 Cruz, Ted, 25 Cullors, Patrisse, 123 cultural authoritarianism consequences of disagreeing with, 15–21 insecurity and actual minority position of, 22 left’s undermining of values of conservatives, 32–34 as threat to U.S., 20–21 Cuomo, Chris, 165–66 Daily Caller, 198 Daily Wire, 180, 215, 224, 225 Darcy, Oliver, 182 de Blasio, Bill, 101 Deadspin, 156 Debs, Eugene V., 49 deconstruction, 83, 85 renormalization of higher education and, 85–86, 88–89 DeGeneres, Ellen, 143 Delgado, Richard, 56 DeSantis, Ron, 99 Deutsche Bank, 135 Dewey, John, 49 Dhillon, Ranu S., 101 DiAngelo, Robin, 81, 82, 132 Dimon, Jamie, 136 Discover, 136 Disney+, 146, 148–49, 213–15 Diversity Delusion, The (Mac Donald), 87 Doherty, Tucker, 168–69 Domingos, Pedro, 221–22 Dooling, Kathleen, 104–5 Dorsey, Jack, 192, 197–98 Duplass, Mark, 17–8 Duvernay, Ana, 140–41 EA Sports, 158 Econ Journal Watch, 92 Ejiofor, Chiwetel, 141 election of 1924, 49–50 election of 1988, 64 election of 2004, 45, 53, 59 election of 2008, 46, 60, 62, 63 election of 2010, 46 election of 2012, 45–48, 59–66 election of 2016, 23–27, 65, 195–96 election of 2018, 27 election of 2020 Democratic platform and strategy in, 67–70, 71 intersectional coalition and, 65–66, 71 Left’s call for “unity” after, 42–44 social media and Hunter Biden Burisma information, 189–92 voting patterns in, 27–28, 31, 70 see also U.S. Capitol, January 6, 2021, storming of Electronic Freedom Foundation, 194 elites. See New Ruling Class Emerging Democratic Majority, The (Teixeira and Judis), 65 Emhoff, Douglas, 78 empathy, as liberals’ definition of virtue, 34 Enlightenment principles individualism and, 87–89, 107 Scientism and, 107 entertainment, radicalization of Academy Awards and wokeness, 139–43 cancel culture and, 147–50 cultural impact of, 143–47 indoctrination to wokeism and, 160–61 renormalization of Hollywood, 145–47, 150–54 renormalization of sports, 154–60 Epstein, Joseph, 78 Equal Justice Initiative, 121 Equinox, 133 ESPN, 155–59 Evergreen State College, 93 Expensify, 131 expressive individualism, universities and, 87–89 Facebook, 205, 211 algorithms for censorship and “fact checking,” 192, 202–5 “hate speech” policy, 204–5 and left’s reactions to storming of U.S.

…

See freedom of speech Hawley, Josh, 12 Hayes, Chris, 176 HBOMax, 146 Heritage Foundation, 109 Herndon, Astead, 174 Heyer, Heather, 93 Hill, Jemele, 158–59 Hill, Marc Lamont, 166 Hillbilly Elegy (film), 153 Hillbilly Elegy (Vance), 76–77 Hinton, Elizabeth, 166 Hollywood, 142, 144 Academy Awards and wokeness, 139–43 critics versus fan opinions and, 151–54 cultural impact of move from traditional values toward liberalism, 143–47 depiction of conservatives, 145–47 renormalization of, 145–47, 150–54 Hollywood Reporter, 212 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 49 Holocaust, Carano’s social media post about, 212 Hopkins, Harry, 51 Horkheimer, Max, 54 Hudlický, Tomáš, 116–17 Hudson, Dawn, 139–40 Huffman, Felicity, 73–74 identity politics Obama and, 47–48 Revolutionary Impulse and, 53–59, 66 woke vocabulary and, 80–81 immigration issues, 62, 63, 67, 71, 135 Instagram, 78, 123, 205, 207, 210, 211 intersectional coalition, 45–48, 59–66 intersectional-progressive coalition, 69–71 renormalization of America and, 67 Revolutionary Impulse and, 39 intersectionality, 80–81, 204 James, LeBron, 160 January 6, 2021. See U.S. Capitol, January 6, 2021, storming of Jefferson, Thomas, 169 Jenkins, Barry, 141 Jha, Ashish, 102 Johansson, Scarlett, 149 Johnson, Dr. Jasmine, 102 Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 51–52, 57 Jones, Alex, 176 Jones, Dr. Maura, 102 Jones, Tom, 90 Jones Day law firm, 43 Jordan, Michael, 155 Judis, John, 65 “justice,” attaching of modifiers to, 84 Kaepernick, Colin, 157–58, 160 Kaufman, Eric, 29–30 Kendi, Ibram X., 68, 81, 82, 115, 197–98 Kerry, John, 45 Kimball, Roger, 89 Kimmel, Jimmy, 142 King, Brandon, 133 King, Jason, 210 Kirk, Russell, 33 Krauss, Lawrence, 111 Kristof, Nicholas, 182 Krugman, Paul, 2, 108 Lasch, Christopher, 77–78, 83–84 Latinx, 71, 84 Laughlin, Lori, 73–74 LeCun, Yann, 206 Lee, Spike, 140 left-wing authoritarianism, 7–9, 32–33 Cordiality Principle and absence of moral judgment, 32–34 demand for silence and compliance in speech, 34–36 January 6, 2021, storming of U.S.

Black Pill: How I Witnessed the Darkest Corners of the Internet Come to Life, Poison Society, and Capture American Politics
by Elle Reeve
Published 9 Jul 2024

One man explained, “a locking gate carabiner works better than a lot of brass knuckles BEST PART THERE LEGAL.” And then a few days before the rally, Brian Keathley, a man who made Sam, Deb, and me shoot guns before he would consent to an interview in Missouri’s Ozark Mountains, sent me a series of text messages warning that I should stay away from the Capitol on January 6. Ever heard of a million man March? Imagine all of them being armed Now imagine all of them with an agenda… Elle… Please take precautions. You Live in a world of illusions…. You think the police/gov can protect or control. That’s just not going to be the case… I can’t say much more about anything… I only engaged in the conversation to inform you of the potential risks of being in the middle of a storm.

…

Milkshake, the large Proud Boy: “Florida Man Pleads Guilty to Felony Charge for Actions During Jan. 6 Capitol Breach,” United States Department of Justice, February 9, 2023. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/florida-man-pleads-guilty-felony-charge-actions-during-jan-6-capitol-breach-0 Barton Shively, who screamed: “Pennsylvania Man Sentenced for Assaulting Officers During Jan. 6 Capitol Breach,” United States Department of Justice, June 2, 2023. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/pennsylvania-man-sentenced-assaulting-officers-during-jan-6-capitol-breach-1 The guy with the yarn beard: “New York Man Found Guilty of Felony and Misdemeanor Charges Related to Capitol Breach,” United States Department of Justice, August 31, 2023. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/new-york-man-found-guilty-felony-and-misdemeanor-charges-related-capitol-breach-0 Enrique Tarrio, who’d: “Proud Boys Leader Sentenced to 22 Years in Prison on Seditious Conspiracy and Other Charges Related to U.S. Capitol Breach,” United States Department of Justice, September 5, 2023. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/proud-boys-leader-sentenced-22-years-prison-seditious-conspiracy-and-other-charges McCarthy said of the riot: Stacey Shepard, “McCarthy Rebukes Violence at the Capitol,” Bakersfield Californian, January 6, 2021. https://www.bakersfield.com/news/breaking/mccarthy-rebukes-violence-at-the-capitol/article_52cbd6ec-505e-11eb-8ccc-0ba728ef5ab0.html House Republicans withdrew support: Dan Merica and David Wright, “GOP Congressional Committee Cancels Ad Reservations in Key House Race in Ohio,” CNN, September 23, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/23/politics/nrcc-ohio-9-jr-majewski/index.html Cassidy Hutchinson testified: Jonathan Allen, “ ‘They’re Not Here to Hurt Me’: Former Aide Says Trump Knew Jan. 6 Crowd Was Armed,” NBC News, June 29, 2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/jan-6-panel-looks-trump-white-house-cassidy-hutchinson-testimony-rcna35550 Unabomber manifesto: “Blake Masters—A New Kind of Politics,” Alex Kaschuta podcast, March 2022.

…

Kessler, and, 45–46, 198, 207 Charlottesville Unite the Right rally and, 150, 155, 178–79 cofounds Traditionalist Worker Party with Heimbach, 52, 57, 70 depression and, 56–57, 75 Discord server and, 154 essay about “white pathology,” 73 as gifted child, 53, 54 GOP rejected by, 71 Heimbach and, 47–48, 67–69, 72, 73, 239–40 Heimbach and a love triangle gone bad (Night of the Wrong Wives), 204–5 as “honor-driven,” 73 Hoosier Nation, 57, 64 internet atheists and, 55, 56, 63, 76 IQ and, 53–54, 76 mantra, 56 marriage to Connie, 56, 61–63, 65, 66, 72–76 military enlistment and employment, 62, 63 online relationship with DictionaryGirl (Connie), 55–56 pushback against birtherism by, 123 quits alt-right, 205 radical traditionalism of, 64 Reeve’s conversations and contacts with, 45–47, 67, 239 repentance for past actions, 239–40 on ruining his life, 52–53 self-delusion of, 76 TradYouth and, 70–72 Trump campaign and, 125 views on January 6 Capitol riot, 233 white nationalism of, 51, 63–64 white power movement and, 75, 89 white supremacy and, 71 wife Connie’s medical bills and, 62 Patriot Player, 219, 221 Patton, Susan, 114 Paul, Ron, 85, 86 “Pepe the Frog” icon, 1, 43, 135, 141, 152, 210–11 Smug Pepe, 2 Pierce, William LutherThe Turner Diaries, 57, 58 Portlandprotests of 2020, 219–20 Proud Boys rally (September 2020), 221 Reeve and TV crew reporting for CNN in, 219–20, 236 Posse Comitatus, 40 Poway, California, synagogue shootings, 213 presidential election, 2016, 124–25 “emotional justice” and, 124 far-right beliefs about, 212 meme war and, 130–31 Proud Boys, 142, 150 antifa protests of 2020 and, 219, 220, 221 general beliefs, purpose of, 222–23 January 6 Capitol riot and, 229 January 6 Capitol riot consequences, 243 McInnes as founder, 222 “Milkshake” and, 223, 229, 243 Reeve reporting on, 222, 223–24, 243 Trump and, 223 Putin, Vladimir, 82, 97, 102 Q QAnon, 52 baby boomers and, 217 birth of, 214 black pill thinking and, 229 8chan and, 11, 214–15, 218 Fall of the Cabal (film), 228 followers of, 224, 226, 231 growth of, 215, 218, 233 identity of Q, 217–18 red pill narrative and, 3, 228 satanic pedophile cabal in government and, 3, 215, 218, 229 Trump and, 218 Trump supporters and, 229 Watkinses and, 218 QAnon Anonymous podcast, 215–16 Quinn, Zoe, 103 R racismalt-right and, 85, 86, 89, 90, 100, 141, 146, 149, 163, 169, 171, 172 alt-right internet forums and, 39 amateur race scientists’ theories and, 126 The Bell Curve and, 54 Cantwell and, 162–64, 171, 172, 188, 190 charges against Parrott, Heimbach, and Smith for racially motivated violence, 45 closet bigots and, 40 Democratic Party and, 68 “edgy” as slang for racist, 162 8chan and, 126 extreme right and, 68, 122 4chan and, 123, 126, 127 great replacement theory and, 127–28 internet memes and, 127 the movement (old racists) and, 33–43, 70 neo-Confederates and, 75 neo-Nazi groups and, 40 Obama years and, 122 “Pepe the Frog” icon and, 43 professional racists, 78, 162–63 racist organizations, 69, 70 Trump campaign and, 125 white “gifted kids” turning to extremism and, 54 See also Schoep, Jeff; white nationalism; white supremacy Radix journal, 101, 129 Raimondo, Justin, 85 Ramaswamy, Vivek, 247 Ray, Robert “Azzmador,” 177–78, 180, 181–82, 191, 207 Ready, J.

Unthinkable: Trauma, Truth, and the Trials of American Democracy
by Jamie Raskin
Published 4 Jan 2022

To me, it was his core business model and paramount personal commitment while in office. Indeed, if I am right about that, it may have been the exact reason that he fought so hard to stay in office and therefore the possible ultimate motivation both for the Ukraine shakedown and for the explosive insurrectionary violence that overran us on Capitol Hill on January 6. From the outside at least, it looked as though he needed to be in the White House to keep all the money flowing while holding the criminal prosecutors at bay. My conviction that Trump should have been impeached long before the Ukraine shakedown ever happened created a pretty large distance between me and the 2019 Ukraine investigation, which was centered in the Intelligence Committee and quarterbacked by its very effective chairman, Adam Schiff.

…

Whether I was at a meeting on the Hill, crossing from the House side to the Senate side, or taking a hike in Rock Creek Park or Northwest Branch with family and friends, they had scoped it out beforehand and walked quietly at a distance, watching for anything untoward. I was meeting them, of course, at a tough time for the Capitol Police force. More than 140 officers had just been injured on January 6. Officer Brian Sicknick had died a day after being brutally assaulted with bear mace and the nasty chemical concoctions that turned the west front of the Capitol into what the cops that day were calling “the gas chamber.” The whole force was physically exhausted, mentally drained, and thoroughly traumatized.

…

It was, of course, gory and sickening to watch organized groups of hoodlums, racists, and neofascists pummeling, spearing, and torturing Capitol Police and MPD officers. But in order to illuminate the real meaning of this madness, it was necessary to broaden and extend the time frame, to track Trump’s cultivation of such violent political extremism during his time in office. The enormous violence that shook the Capitol on January 6 was political in nature, unlike, for example, a barroom brawl, a sexual assault, or a Mob hit against a rival criminal gang. It was political in a double sense: First, it had the political quality of dividing the social world between “friend and enemy,” which has been the organizing principle of reactionary political thought for centuries, as best expressed in the writings of political theorist and jurist Carl Schmitt.

The Undertow: Scenes From a Slow Civil War
by Jeff Sharlet
Published 21 Mar 2023

A friend said that it feels sometimes now as if we are bobbing in the sea, surrounded by sharks, but I misheard. I thought he said “sharps.” I pictured myself pulled by the undertow into deep water, jagged with needles and knives and razors and broken glass—like that of the window through which Ashli Babbitt, a subject of this book’s title essay, attempted to climb when she invaded the Capitol on January 6, 2021. Babbitt, shot for her trouble, was a fool who pursued her own death. And yet, many of us might say the same of ourselves. The peril in which the country finds itself now is not natural; it is in the broadest sense of our own American making. My friend offered another metaphor: “When you’re in the trough, it’s hard to see the crest of the next wave.”

…

* * * 1 Rittenhouse was acquitted, after which Trump invited him and his mother to Mar-a-Lago. III Goodnight, Irene On Survival ›‹ › 8 ‹ The Undertow Although no one believed in civil war, the air reeked of it . . . —Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, recalling 1860 1. The Capitol, January 6, 2021 We watched her die before we knew her name. We watched almost in real time or soon after, her death looped and memed before the fight for the Capitol was over. A shaky video gives us a crowd throbbing against two wooden, windowed doors, one reinforced glass pane spiderwebbing, three Capitol police officers, oddly passive, standing between the crowd and members of Congress on the other side.

…

Victor was there, too, and that plus the 90-up heat on the sunblasted concrete of the plaza, plus a promise of disruption from local Antifa may have explained the low civilian turnout. An old White man in cowboy boots and cowboy hat amened in the front row and another, who boasted he was at the Capitol on January 6, patrolled on a Segway, trailing a flapping Old Glory. Most of the crowd huddled back in the shade, propping up flags. A Second Amendment activist ranted against Critical Race Theory. The connection to Ashli was vague. An indicted January 6 insurrectionist, Jorge Riley, said schools are making our kids gay.

Sandy Hook: An American Tragedy and the Battle for Truth
by Elizabeth Williamson
Published 8 Mar 2022

Crowder 1963–2005 Rest in peace CONTENTS AUTHOR’S NOTE PROLOGUE CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER TWO CHAPTER THREE CHAPTER FOUR CHAPTER FIVE CHAPTER SIX CHAPTER SEVEN CHAPTER EIGHT CHAPTER NINE CHAPTER TEN CHAPTER ELEVEN CHAPTER TWELVE CHAPTER THIRTEEN CHAPTER FOURTEEN CHAPTER FIFTEEN CHAPTER SIXTEEN CHAPTER SEVENTEEN CHAPTER EIGHTEEN CHAPTER NINETEEN CHAPTER TWENTY CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN EPILOGUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES INDEX AUTHOR’S NOTE This book documents a battle by victims’ families against deluded people and profiteers who denied the December 14, 2012, shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, that killed twenty first graders and six educators. The book traces a nearly ten-year effort pioneered by Leonard Pozner, whose six-year-old son, Noah, died at Sandy Hook, to sound the alarm about the growing threat posed by viral lies and false conspiracy narratives, a cultural phenomenon that eventually brought a mob to the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. These families’ saga, and its societal implications and potential solutions, rests on more than four hundred interviews, including with Sandy Hook survivors, first responders, government officials, lawyers, researchers, political scientists, psychologists, journalists, conspiracists, and others, conducted over three years.

…

Jones brought on his friend Stewart Rhodes, a former Ron Paul staffer and founder of the Oath Keepers, an antigovernment militia group whose members, many of them veterans or former law enforcement officers, pledge never to obey a list of ten imaginary “orders,” topped by surrendering their guns.[6] Not many Americans had heard of the Oath Keepers in 2012; Rhodes had founded it only three years earlier. Since then the group has earned a reputation as one of the nation’s most dangerous far-right extremist groups. Convinced that the presidential election was “stolen” from President Trump in 2020, the Oath Keepers participated in the Capitol insurrection on January 6, 2021.[7] “Can you imagine these women that went and shielded the children from bullets, what they would have done if they had a gun?” Jones asked Rhodes. “Yeah,” Rhodes replied. “They would have killed the guy—they would have put a bullet in his brain.” * * * — Roughly two million people listened to Jones’s radio show that week.

…

He dove into a group of peaceful communist demonstrators and had to be rescued by police, and almost came to blows with liberal commentator Cenk Uygur when Jones and Stone crashed his show. One of Jones’s sidekicks, Joe Biggs, a hard-drinking, profane Army veteran, got into a fight with a flag-burning demonstrator, drawing a lawsuit. A few years later, Biggs would join the Proud Boys extremist group and help lead the Capitol insurrection on January 6, 2021. “Every day it seemed like there was some type of stunt,” said Josh Owens, a former Infowars video editor who filmed Jones’s convention antics and uploaded them to YouTube. “Basically he saw the RNC as his playground.” On the evening of Thursday, July 21, Jones stood on the convention’s main floor, a VIP invitee to Trump’s nomination acceptance speech.

Waco Rising: David Koresh, the FBI, and the Birth of America's Modern Militias
by Kevin Cook
Published 30 Jan 2023

AMERICAN MILITIAS celebrated the 2022 acquittal of Daniel Harris and Brandon Caserta, members of a group called the Wolverine Watchmen charged with plotting to kidnap Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer. The case fueled conspiracy theories, with the conservative website the Trumpet tying it to the Capitol riot of January 6, 2021: “It is not a stretch to think that the FBI could have orchestrated the violence on that day.” According to Republican candidate Garrett Soldano, a chiropractor hoping to unseat Whitmer in November 2022, “The FBI conceived a plot to kidnap Gretchen Whitmer and preyed on Michiganders.”

…

(Associated Press) On April 19, 1993, tanks broke through the compound’s walls to “insert” tear gas. Shortly after noon, fire destroyed Mount Carmel. After the fire, the ATF flew its flag near the remains of the vault where women and children died. (Associated Press; center photo FBI) Alex Jones, who helped turn Waco from a town into a cause, exhorted Capitol rioters on January 6, 2021. (Associated Press; patch courtesy of Dennis Wayne at Chiefmart.com) Clive Doyle spoke at a memorial service. Heather Jones (above right) and Sheila Martin (right) stayed in Waco, where Koresh still has followers. (Associated Press) Appendix ATF AGENTS KILLED ON FEBRUARY 28, 1993 Conway LeBleu, 30, New Orleans field office Todd McKeehan, 28, New Orleans field office Robert Williams, 26, New Orleans field office Steve Willis, 32, Houston field office BRANCH DAVIDIANS WHO DIED ON FEBRUARY 28, 1993 Winston Blake, 28, UK Peter Gent, 24, Australia Peter Hipsman, 28, US Perry Jones, 64, US Michael Schroeder, 29, US Jaydean Wendell, 34, US CHILDREN RELEASED DURING THE SIEGE February 28: Nehara Fagan, 4, UK Renae Fagan, 6, UK Angelica Sonobe, age 6, US Crystal Sonobe, 3, US March 1: Chrissy Mabb, 8, US Jacob Mabb, 9, US Scott Mabb, 11, US Jamie Martin, 10, US Bryan Schroeder, 2, US Joshua Sylvia, 7, US Jaunessa Wendell, 8, US Landon Wendell, 4, US Patron Wendell, 5 months, US Tamara Wendell, 5, US March 2: Daniel Martin, 6, US Kimberley Martin, 4, US Natalie Nobrega, 10, UK Joanne Vaega, 7, New Zealand March 3: Heather Jones, 9, US Kevin Jones, 11, US Mark Jones, 12, US BRANCH DAVIDIANS WHO SURVIVED THE FIRE ON APRIL 19, 1993 Renos Avraam, 32, UK Jaime Castillo, 24, US Graeme Craddock, 31, Australia Clive Doyle, 52, Australia Misty Ferguson, 17, US Derek Lovelock, 37, UK Ruth Riddle, 30, Canada David Thibodeau, 24, US Marjorie Thomas, 30, UK BRANCH DAVIDIANS WHO DIED ON APRIL 19, 1993 Chanel Andrade, 1, US Jennifer Andrade, 19, US Katherine Andrade, 24, US George Bennett, 35, US Susan Benta, 31, UK Mary Jean Borst, 49, US Pablo Cohen, 28, Israel Abedowalo Davies, 30, UK Shari Doyle, 18, US Beverly Elliot, 31, UK Doris Fagan, 60, UK Yvette Fagan, 30, UK Lisa Marie Farris, 24, US Raymond Friesen, 76, Canada Dayland Gent, 3, US Paige Gent, 1, US Aisha Gyarfas, 17, Australia (and her stillborn child) Sandra Hardial, 27, UK Diana Henry, 28, UK Paulina Henry, 24, UK Phillip Henry, 22, UK Stephen Henry, 26, UK Vanessa Henry, 19, UK Zilla Henry, 55, UK Novelette Hipsman, 36, Canada Floyd Houtman, 61, US Sherri Jewell, 43, US Chica Jones, 1, US David Jones, 38, US Little One Jones, 1, US Michele Jones, 18, US Serenity Jones, 4, US Bobbie Lane Koresh, 2, US Cyrus Koresh, 8, US David Koresh, 33, US Rachel Howell Koresh, 23, US Star Koresh, 6, US Jeffery Little, 32, US Nicole Gent Little, 24, Australia (and her stillborn child) Livingstone Malcolm, 26, UK Anita Martin, 18, US Diane Martin, 41, UK Lisa Martin, 13, US Sheila Martin, 15, US Wayne Martin, 42, US Wayne Martin Jr., 20, US Abigail Martinez, 11, US Audrey Martinez, 13, US Crystal Martinez, 3, US Isaiah Martinez, 4, US Joseph Martinez, 8, US Juliette Martinez, 30, US John-Mark McBean, 27, UK Bernadette Monbelly, 31, UK Melissa Morrison, 6, UK Rosemary Morrison, 29, UK Sonia Murray, 29, US Theresa Nobrega, 48, UK James Riddle, 32, US Rebecca Saipaia, 24, Philippines Mayanah Schneider, 2, US Steve Schneider, 43, US Judy Schneider-Koresh, 41, US Clifford Sellors, 33, UK Floracita Sonobe, 34, Philippines Scott Sonobe, 35, US Greg Summers, 28, US Startle Summers, 1, US Hollywood Sylvia, 1, US Lorraine Sylvia, 40, US Rachel Sylvia, 12, US Margarida Vaega, 47, New Zealand Neal Vaega, 37, New Zealand Mark Wendell, 40, US A diagram of Mount Carmel’s first floor.

…

Noesner described Waco as a “self-inflicted wound” but not a “massacre” on the phone and in emails with me. Michael German spoke with me about his undercover work for the FBI. Catrina Doxsee shared her views and CSIS data on the militia movement with me by phone and email. Fi “Monkey King” Duong’s role in the Capitol riot of January 6, 2021, and his talk of “Waco 2.0” were reported by Washington, DC’s Fox 5 television on July 6, 2021. Liverpool Hope University professor Newport explained his perspective on the fire in the journal Nova Religio (November 2009), which also included the opposing views of professors Wessinger and Wright.

Digital Empires: The Global Battle to Regulate Technology
by Anu Bradford
Published 25 Sep 2023

American Civil Liberties Union, 46 Republican Party, 56, 272 research and development AI, 153–54, 197 Chinese students and researchers, 196–97 Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) (US), 59 semiconductor, 59–60 RFE/RL (Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty), 270 Rhodium Group, 93–94 Rice, Condoleeza, 271 rights to be forgotten, 112–13, 339–40 California Privacy Rights Act, 54–55 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU Charter), 110–11, 112, 116 cyber civil rights, 53–54 digital, 324–59 digital society of rights and values, 25 European, 324–59 European Convention of Human Rights, 112 globalization of, 324–59 of Muslims, 156–57 to privacy, 4, 111–13 safeguarding, 110–18 rights-driven regulations criticism of, 136–45 European model, 6–10, 16–20, 21–22, 23–24, 25, 28–29, 57–63, 91–94, 105–45, 221–54, 324–59, 361, 366–69 global influence, 16–20, 324–59 vs. market-driven regulations, 221–54 Roberts, Margaret E., 81–82, 83 Rohingya, 17–18, 280, 283 Romania, 144 Roskomnadzor, 309, 311–12 Ross, Wilbur, 226 Rozenshtein, Alan, 61–62 Rubio, Marco, 196–97 Rudd, Amber, 281–82 Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures (Blocking Rules) (China), 200, 202 Russel, Stuart, 66–67 Russia 5G networks, 312 antitrust regulation, 344–45 battles with tech companies, 13–14, 163 BRICS Leaders Declaration, 303 content controls, 180–81 cyberattacks, 134 data localization requirements, 330–31 demands on Meta, 338 digital authoritarianism, 135, 308–13 Digital Divide projects, 268 disinformation campaigns, 120–21 Federal Security Service, 312–13 hate speech law, 140–41 and international code of conduct for information security, 303 internet sovereignty, 309–10 invasion of Ukraine, 13–14, 62, 163, 233–34, 253, 312–13, 384, 392 “law against Apple,” 312 propaganda, 308, 312–13 regulations, 308–13 relations with China, 310–13 sanctions against, 163, 197–98 search engine market, 260–61 social media restrictions, 284 Sovereign Internet Law, 308–9 surveillance technology, 312 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-autocracy, 389–90 US–Russia Cold War, 217–18, 270 Yarovaya law, 309 Russia Today, 312–13 Russian Antimonopoly Service (FAS), 344–45 Russian apps, 312 Russian hackers, 67 safe cities, 296–97, 300–1, 314–16. see also smart cities Safe Harbor data transfer agreement, 111, 229–30 Safe Philippines project, 300 SAMR (State Administration for Market Regulation) (China), 204 Samsung, 215–16, 261 sanctions Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (AFSL) (China), 202–3 against China, 185–86, 197–99, 218–19 against Chinese firms, 102–3, 166–67 cyber sanctions, 206–7 to deter malicious cyber activity, 134, 197–99 against Russia, 163, 197–98 against Russian oligarchs, 309–10 Santiago, Chile, 263 SAP, 108, 136–37 Sasse, Ben, 192–93 Saudi Arabia, 270–71, 308, 316, 389–90 5G networks, 193–94 China’s influence on, 299–300 Saverin, Eduardo, 374–75 SCCs (standard contractual clauses), 231–32 Schmidt, Eric, 75, 208, 274–75, 389–90 Schmit, Nicolas, 128 Schneir, Bruce, 101 Schrems, 229–30 Schrems, Max, 230–32, 235–36 Schrems II, 230–34 Schwab, Andreas, 249 Schwartz, Paul, 325 science and technology diplomats, 302 search engines, 153–54. see also specific technologies Secure Campus Act (US), 196–97 Secure Equipment Act (US), 193 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (US), 14–15, 174–75, 176–78 security cybersecurity, 60, 62, 173 Cybersecurity Law (China), 79–80, 94–95 Cybersecurity Review Measures (China), 94–95 Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), 175 Data Security Law (DSL) (China), 79–80, 94–95, 175 international code of conduct for information security, 303 national, 66–67, 164–78 National Security Law (China), 79–80 Prague Proposals, 320–21 societal, 85 self-regulation, 39–40, 47–48, 63–64 self-sufficiency, 73–75, 199–211, 217–18 Semiconductor Industry Association (US), 218 semiconductors advanced, 217–18 global market, 74–75, 134–35, 215–16 research and development, 59–60 US export controls, 190 US–China tech war, 211 Senegal, 285–86 Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Islands), 156–57 SenseTime, 85, 189–90 Sequoia Capital, 373 Serbia, 301 sex trafficking, 51–52, 53–55 Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 303 Sharp Eyes initiative (China), 4–5, 86 Shein, 165 Shenzhen, China, 35 Sherry, Linda, 355–56 Shu Yinbiao, 305 Sichuan, China, 314 Siemens, 263, 321 Siemens/Alstom, 248 Silicon Allee (Berlin), 263 Silicon Lagoon (Lagos), 263 Silicon Roundabout (London), 263 Silicon Savannah (Nairobi), 263 Silicon Valley, 7–8, 33–35, 42, 92–93, 263, 283–84, 374 Silicon Wadi (Tel-Aviv), 263 Singapore, 266–67, 322 Singapore-New Zealand-Chile Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, 322 Siri (Apple), 59 Slack, 76–77 Small Business Administration (SBA), 59 smart cities AI cities, 208–9 on Chinese Digital Silk Road, 195, 291–92, 296–97, 298, 305, 312, 314–15, 316–17 surveillance systems, 85–86, 296, 312, 316–17 technical standards, 305, 316–17 smartphones, 70–71, 215–16 Smith, Brad, 62, 138 Smith, Christopher, 276 Snap Inc., 76–77, 382–83 Snapchat, 116–17, 280–81 Snowden, Edward, 4–5, 7–8, 61, 198–99, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 social credit, 8–9, 87–88 social fairness, 124 social media, 41, 64–65, 215–16 Chinese platforms, 80, 82–83, 154–55, 166–67, 293, 312–13 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 role in Brexit, 280 role in January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol, 141 role in terrorist attacks, 281–82 US platforms, 280–83 social media companies, 280–83, 362–63. see also specific companies by name Social Principles of Human-Centric AI (Social Principles) (Japan), 349–50 social stability, 70 societal security, 85 Softbank, 176 software developers, 73 Soho China, 204 SolarWinds hack, 60 Sonos, 330 Sony Ericsson, 263 SoundCloud, 76–77 South Africa, 303 South America, 301. see also specific countries by name South and South-East Asia, 260, 300. see also specific countries by name South Korea, 211, 333–34, 337, 344–45 Anti-Google Law (Telecommunications Business Act 31), 347 Digital Divide projects, 268 techno-democracy, 389–90 Sovereign Internet Law (Russia), 308–9 sovereign RuNet, 308–9 sovereignty data, 297 digital, 132–33, 135, 186, 215, 245–46, 354 internet, 288–89, 309–10 technological, 132–33, 180–81, 234 Spain antitrust investigations, 345 data privacy law, 333–34 digital policy, 142 digital services tax (DST), 126–27, 239, 242 Google News withdrawal from, 122–23 privacy culture, 143–44 protections for platform workers, 128–29 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 193–94 smart cities, 296–97 surveillance practices, 102, 143–44 speech freedom of, 41–42, 46–47, 116–18 hate speech, 281 Hate Speech Code (Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online) (EU), 116–17 hate speech rules, 9–10, 55–56, 116–17, 140–41 NetzDG law (Germany), 140–41 splinternet, 16, 179–80, 181, 388 Spotify, 238 Sputnik, 312–13 spyware, 143–44, 316 standard contractual clauses (SCCs), 231–32 standards China Standards 2035 plan, 304 Chinese, 291 Chinese influence on, 302–8, 316–17 data privacy, 324–25 digital trust, 320–21 IPv6+ (proposed), 307 New IP (proposed), 306–7 for smart cities, 316–17 technical, 291, 302–8, 316–17 Stanford University, 33–34, 59, 210–11 Stasi (East German Ministry for State Security), 111–12 State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) (China), 204 state aid, 243–44 state control Chinese state-driven regulatory model, 6–10, 16–20, 21, 23–25, 28–29, 57–63, 69–104, 108, 131–36, 364–66, 391–92 criticism of, 99–104 global consequences, 16–20 vs. market-driven regulations, 36–40 Russian state-driven regulatory model, 308–13 with surveillance, 85–88 with tech companies, 88–91 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) (US), 48–49 #StopHateForProfit boycott, 384 strategic autonomy, 132–34, 186 Stratton Oakmont v Prodigy, 43–44 subsidies, 134–35 Sudan, 297–98 Sugon, 161–62 Sullivan, Jake, 209, 251–52, 351 Summit of Democracy, 390 Sun Jiandong, 80 Sunstein, Cass, 64–65 surveillance capitalism, 4, 66, 135–36, 368–69 surveillance imperialism, 17 surveillance technology(-ies) AI-driven, 85, 293 Chinese, 77–91, 297–98, 314–20 citizen response, 88–91 Commerce Control List (US), 188–89 and crime, 85, 296–97, 301, 314 cybersurveillance, 134 digital, 4–5, 61, 85–88, 99–100, 170 ECU-911, 301 globalization of, 314–20 government, 4–5, 17, 60–62 Safe Philippines project, 300 Snowden revelations, 4–5, 7–8, 61, 198–99, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 standards for, 306 transatlantic data transfers, 226–36 Susquehanna, 93 Sweden, 142, 272–73, 319–20, 374, 389 Switzerland, 333–34 Syria, 3, 270–71, 274 T-12 group, 389 Taiwan, 78–79, 80, 211, 216–17, 319–20 Tajikistan, 303 Taliban, 274, 282 Tanzania, 282–83, 299 Tauzin, William, 44–45 taxation bit taxes, 286 Data Mining Tax (New York), 239–40 digital services taxes (DSTs), 126–28, 142–43, 224, 236–41, 352 global deal, 240–42 national regimes, 142–43 Tech-10, 389–90 tech companies. see also specific companies by name acquisitions, 50–51 AI developments, 208–9 battles among, 382 Chinese, 70–71, 93–94, 98–99, 102–3, 151–52, 164–79, 189–90, 192–96, 208–9, 215–16, 262–63 Clean Telcos, 320–21 concern with the Brussels effect, 353–59 content moderation, 338–39 countermeasures against the Brussels effect, 356–59 custodians of the internet, 141 data collection from, 61 data privacy policies, 326–32 European, 108, 136–37 global influence, 259–65 global sales, 215–16 government battles, 13–16, 25–26, 61–62, 152–64, 205, 222, 376–85 hardware companies, 73 internet companies, 70–71 large, 377–78, 381–85 largest public internet companies, 70–71 liberation of, 42–45 new governors, 259–60 political influence, 55–56 private power, 20 regulation of, 377–78. see also regulation(s) Silicon Valley replicas, 263 social media companies, 166–67 state-controlled surveillance with, 88–91 terms of service, 338 US, 14–15, 108, 149–50, 151, 152–64, 205, 222, 257–58, 259–65 TechAmerica Europe, 357 technical standards, 291, 302–8 techno-autocracy(-ies), 22, 292, 388–93 techno-democracy(-ies), 22, 320, 388–93 techno-libertarianism, 34–35, 38–39, 257–89 techno-nationalism, 75–76, 184–85, 211, 212–15, 224, 249 techno-optimism, 33, 48, 122 technological self-sufficiency, 199–211, 217–18 technological sovereignty, 132–33, 180–81, 234 technology(-ies) 5G network, 133–34 backlash against, 55 censorship, 77–91 Chinese, 21, 72–75, 77–91, 92–93 chokepoint, 206 critical assets, 192–96 “Declaration for the Future of the Internet,” 390 decoupling from consumer markets, 178–82, 388 deep tech, 206–7 facial recognition, 85, 138, 298–99 geoblocking, 338, 339 hard tech, 96–97 regulation of, 1–29, 360–93. see also regulation(s) science and technology diplomats, 302 smart city, 85, 296–97 standards for, 305 surveillance, 77–91 US export limitations on, 188–92 US–China tech war, 10–11, 96–97, 103, 151–52, 164, 179–80, 183–220, 295, 361, 366, 386, 387 technopolarity, 259–60 Tel-Aviv, Israel, 263 telecommunications 4G networks, 297–98 5G networks, 133–34, 187–88, 190, 192–94, 293, 301, 320–21 Chinese tech exports, 293 network equipment, 70–71, 194, 215–16 security guidelines, 320–21 Telecommunications Act (US), 43–44 Telecommunications Business Act 31 (Anti-Google Law) (South Korea), 347 Telegram, 285–86, 311–12 Tencent, 108, 154 antitrust blockade, 347–48 Chinese state support, 8–9, 71, 94, 391–92 DSR operations, 294–95 global influence, 70–71, 73, 208–9, 293 global revenues, 262–63 social responsibility programs, 98–99 US funding, 93–94 Teradyne, 218 terrorist attacks, 61–62, 281–82 terrorist propaganda, 3, 117 Tesla, 142–43, 215–16 Texas, 56, 336 TFDPA (Act on Improvement of Transparency and Fairness in Trading on Specified Digital Platforms) (Japan), 346–47 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 305–6 Thomson, Derek, 101 Thucydides Trap, 216–17 Tiananmen Square protests (1989), 76–77, 78–79 Tibet, 78–79, 153–54 Tigrayans, 283 TikTok battles with governments, 14–15, 151–52, 169–70, 193–94 Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online (Hate Speech Code), 116–17 content moderation, 341 Disinformation Code, 120 global influence, 70–71, 100, 215–16, 260, 293–94 Indian ban on, 169–70, 193–94 relations with Meta, 170 Russian fines, 309–10 UK Parliament account, 169–70 US attempts to ban, 102–3, 151–52, 165–72, 200–1 US presence, 165, 178 Toomey, Patrick, 236 trade Chinese exports, 290–323 digital trade agreements, 322–23 Export Administration Regulations (EAR) (US), 189–90 Export Control Reform Act (ECRA) (US), 188–89 transatlantic war, 236–42 US export controls, 15, 188–92, 218–19, 366 US–China trade war, 97, 185–86, 188–92, 200 Trade Act (US), 238–39 Trade and Technology Council (TTC) (US-EU), 252–54 Trans-Pacific Partnership, 213 transatlantic data transfers, 226–36 battles over, 222–23, 228–31 future directions, 231–36 standard contractual clauses (SCCs), 231–32 transatlantic regulatory battles, 26–27, 221–54 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, 253–54, 359 Transatlantic Trade and Technology Council, 359 transatlantic trade war, 236–42 Treaty of the European Union, 110, 118 Trip Advisor, 358 Truex, Rody, 197 Trump, Donald America First policy, 213 complaints against EU antitrust policy, 245 disinformation propagation, 277–78 efforts to ban Chinese tech companies, 102–3, 166–68 efforts to discipline social media companies, 49–50 efforts to restrict entry of individuals from Muslim-majority countries, 156–57 internet freedom agenda, 276–77 and Malofeev, 309–10 presidential campaign (2016), 368–69 suspension from social media, 384 transatlantic trade war, 238–39 US–China tech war, 184–85, 192–93, 208, 213, 218 Tsargrad TV (YouTube channel), 309–10 TTC (Trade and Technology Council) (US-EU), 252–54 Tumblr, 76–77 Tunisia, 272–74 Turkey, 338, 344–45, 374 5G networks, 193–94 digital services taxes (DSTs), 352 21Vianet Group, 154 Twitch, 76–77 Twitter Apple’s new anti-tracking measures and, 382–83 Arab Spring posts, 272 Chinese blockade, 76–77, 78–79, 80 compliance with EU laws and regulations, 116–17, 163 content moderation, 3, 7–8, 65–66, 337–38, 341, 377–78, 384–85 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 Disinformation Code, 120 employee walkout, 384–85 European headquarters, 142–43 fact checks, 49–50, 82–83, 277 global influence, 133–34, 257–58 harmful content, 141, 282–83 Hate Speech Code, 116–17 hateful conduct, 338 propaganda on, 282–83 purchase by Musk, 105 role in Brexit, 17–18, 280 role in cyberterrorism, 284 role in spread of false information, 65 Russian blockade, 163, 309–10, 311–13 support for internet freedom, 274–75, 284 withdrawal from China, 8–9 Uber, 165 Uber drivers, 128–29 UEL (Unreliable Entities List) (China), 200–1, 218–19 Uganda, 282–83, 317–18 Ukraine battles with tech companies, 13–14 cyber defense, 62 Russian invasion of, 13–14, 62, 163, 233–34, 253, 312–13, 384, 392 unicorns, tech, 136–37 unipolar world, 386 United Arab Emirates, 193–94, 299–300 United Kingdom (UK), 337 5G networks, 301 antitrust regulation, 345–46 Brexit campaign, 17–18, 120–21, 280 Competition and Markets Authority, 345–46 content moderation, 342 data protection law, 333–34 digital policy, 142 digital services tax (DST), 126–27, 239, 242 e-commerce market, 262 G7 relations, 321–22 nonregulation principle, 266–67 Online Safety Bill (OSB), 342 Parliament, 169–70 protections for platform workers, 128–29 relations with China, 197–98 Remain campaign, 17–18 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 193–94 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-democracy, 389–90 United Nations (UN), 111, 269, 288–89, 302–3, 307–8 United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), 273 United States (US) AI regulation, 351 AI research, 210–11 Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA), 51–52, 53–54, 55 America First policy, 213 American Innovation and Choice Online Act, 53–54 anti-censorship principles, 267–68, 270–76 antitrust regulation, 5, 50–51, 244–45, 345, 347–48, 363 Bankruptcy Code, 374 battles with China and EU, 11–13, 15–16, 21, 26–27, 57 battles with tech companies, 13–16, 164–78 Biden administration, 53, 168, 196, 197–98, 241, 278–79, 321 Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy, 278 Bush administration, 48–49, 257, 271, 276 Chamber of Commerce, 61–62 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 44–45 China Initiative, 196–97 Chinese influence in, 301 Chinese measures against, 199–207 Chinese tech companies in, 165 CHIPS and Science Act, 59–60, 211 Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), 222–23 Clean Network program, 320–21 Clinton administration, 36–37, 47–48, 257, 265–70, 276 Commerce Control List, 188–89 Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), 195–96 Communications Decency Act (CDA), 5, 42–47, 53–54, 56–57, 64, 132, 137–38, 265–66, 286–87, 364 criticism of, 279–89 cyber sanctions, 197–99 cybersecurity, 61–62, 67, 276–77 Data Privacy Framework, 235 data privacy law, 235, 336 “Declaration for the Future of the Internet,” 390 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 59, 209 Department of Commerce, 60, 168–69, 188–89 Department of Defense, 59, 209 Department of Homeland Security, 60 Department of Justice (DOJ), 46–47, 50–51, 53–54, 196, 348, 363 Department of State, 271–75, 276–77, 278, 284 Department of the Treasury, 245 Development Initiative, 268 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 44–45 digital policy, 57, 213, 250–54 digital services taxes (DSTs), 237, 239–40 digital trade agreements, 322 e-commerce market, 262 Entity List, 189–90, 200–1, 218–19 Executive branch, 47–50 Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities, 235–36 Export Administration Regulations (EAR), 189–90 Export Control Reform Act (ECRA), 188–89 export controls, 15, 188–92, 218–19, 366 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 61–62, 196, 236 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 44, 193 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 50–51, 53–54, 139–40, 348, 363 Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), 195 foreign policy, 40–41, 253–54, 272, 276–77, 278, 284 foreign students, 375 “A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce” (Framework), 48, 266–67, 286 G7 relations, 321–22 global influence, 16–20, 27, 257–89 Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, 96, 174 immigrants, 197, 374–75 imperialism, 17, 232 industrial policy, 59–60 Innovation and Competition Act, 190–91 International Strategy for Cyberspace, 48–49 Internet Freedom Grants, 273–74 internet freedom initiatives, 27, 257, 265–79, 284–87 Internet Protection Act, 44–45 Internet Regulatory Freedom Act, 44–45 Jordan Free Trade Agreement, 267–68 market-driven ethos, 42–52 measures against China, 187–99 Meeting the China Challenge Act, 190–91 National Science Foundation, 59 national security, 49–50, 66–67, 164–78, 233–34 National Security Agency (NSA), 4–5, 47–48, 61–62, 101, 198–99, 229–30, 318–19 National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, 99–100, 208, 209 National Security Council (NSC), 245–46 “National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace,” 48–49 nonregulation principle, 265–70 Obama administration, 48–49, 51, 54–55, 61–62, 257, 272, 276 Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act, 277 Open Technology Fund, 276–77 political process, 55–56 presidential election (2020), 277–78 privacy law, 5, 38, 333 Privacy Shield, 19, 230–33 Public Company Accounting and Oversight Board (PCAOB), 177–78 public opinion, 362–64 regulations, 6–10, 21–22, 23–24, 26–27, 28–29, 33–68, 91–94, 106–7, 131–36, 221–54, 361–64, 366–69 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 165–78, 195, 388 Safe Harbor data transfer agreement with EU, 111, 229–30 sanctions against China, 102–3, 185–86, 197–99, 218–19 sanctions against Russian oligarchs, 309–10 scientific community, 196–97 Secure Campus Act, 196–97 Secure Equipment Act, 193 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 14–15, 174–75, 176–78 self-sufficiency, 217–18 semiconductor funding, 211 Small Business Administration (SBA), 59 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), 48–49 subsidies, 217–18 surveillance operations, 4–5, 7–8, 61–62, 101, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-democracy, 389–90 techno-libertarianism, 257–89 technological leadership, 197 Telecommunications Act, 43–44 Trade Act, 238–39 Trade and Technology Council (TTC), 252–54 transatlantic regulatory battles, 26–27, 221–54 transatlantic trade relations, 236–40 Trump administration, 49–50, 168–69, 171, 185, 196–97, 200–1, 213, 228, 241, 253–54, 276–77, 320–21 universities, 375 US–China relations, 74–75, 162–63, 171, 323 US–China tech war, 10–11, 96–97, 103, 151–52, 164, 179–80, 183–220, 295, 361, 366, 386, 387 US–China trade war, 97, 185–86, 200 US–EU regulatory battles, 221–54, 359, 361–69, 387 US–EU relations, 127 US–Japan Digital Trade Agreement, 322 US–Russia Cold War, 217–18, 270 United States Capitol: January 6, 2021 attack on, 7–8, 66, 100, 141, 251, 286, 363–64, 367–68 United States Constitution, 41–42, 46–47, 50, 337 United States District Court for the District of Columbia (DDC), 168–69 United States House of Representatives, 102, 277 United States Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 268 United States Senate, 99–100 United States Supreme Court, 50 Citizens United, 355 FBI v Fazaga, 236 Packingham v.

Chaos Kings: How Wall Street Traders Make Billions in the New Age of Crisis
by Scott Patterson
Published 5 Jun 2023

Making things worse: a pillar of the world order—American democracy—was lurching toward chaos. CHAPTER 22 FLYING BLIND “West front of the Capitol! We’ve been flanked and we’ve lost the line!” Robert Glover, a Metropolitan Police officer who specialized in crowd control, cried out in panic on a radio transmission as insurrectionists stormed the west wing of the U.S. Capitol. It was 2:13 p.m. on January 6, 2021. A mob of Donald Trump supporters had breached the building, smashing windows and pouring into the seat of American democracy to reverse the election of Joe Biden. Rioters marched through the halls of the Capitol chanting “Hang Mike Pence,” looking to vent their wrath against the vice president.

…

See also Covid-19 “Systemic Risk” memo on, 20–23, 164 Taleb’s research on, 16, 19–20 Pareto-Levy distribution, 69 Paris Accord (2015), 186, 238, 251 Parker, Sean, 124 Paul, Ron, 42, 135 Paulsen, Hank, 107, 136 Paulson, John, 113, 114, 139 Peiser, Benny, 194–95, 243 Pence, Mike, 251 Pershing Square Capital Management, 2, 3, 4, 176 Pew Research Center, 122 Phillips, Keith, 247 Piedmont Lithium, 247, 248 Pimco, 24 Pinker, Steven, 124 polycrisis, 35 Popper, Karl, 62, 65–66 Powell, Jerome, 287 Powers, Jimmy, 52, 56 precautionary principle, 36–37, 189–90 Precautionary Principle, The (Taleb et al.), 16, 36 Princeton University Global Systemic Risk project, 31 Process Driven Training (PDT), 95–97 Project on Security and Threats, University of Chicago, 34 Protégé Partners, 156 Putin, Vladimir, 32, 280, 285–86 Rajaratnam, Raj, 55 Rand, Ayn, 136 Raytheon Technologies, 168 Read, Rupert, 36, 183–89, 243–46, 252 Reagan, Ronald, 39, 45, 130, 136 Real World Risk Institute (RWRI), 166 Regression Analysis of Time Series (RATS), 227, 229 Relativity Media, 94 Renaissance Technologies, 96 Reuters, 204–5 RichterX website, 288 Rittel, Horst, 240 Romer, Paul, 230 Rothschild, Baron, 4 Roubini, Nouriel, 119 Rubin, Robert (Bob), 141–42, 218 Russell, Bertrand, 66 Russia, 78, 280 climate change and oil income of, 236, 237 hedge fund bet on debt of, 13, 60 invasion of Ukraine by, 223, 239, 272, 280, 285–86 methane release in permafrost areas of, 36 Taleb’s put options on bank debt of, 60 Russian roulette, risk in, 211 Rylance, Mark, 244 Ryskex, 259–60, 262, 265 Saba Capital, 176 Safe Haven (Spitznagel), 272, 273–75 SALT Conference, 139, 140 Samama, Frédéric, 224–25 Sanders, Bernie, 237 Sargent, Tom, 226 Scaramucci, Anthony, 139, 140 Schaeffer’s Investment Research, 111 Schatzker, Erik, 165 Schmalbach, Marcus, 259–67 Science & Finance firm, 85 September 11, 2001, terrorist attack, 35, 64, 71, 76–77, 103, 105, 144 Shehadi, Nadim, 149 Shirer, William, 53–54 Shriver, Lionel, 105 Simplify Asset Management, 277 Simplify Downside ETF, 276–77 Sims, Chris, 226 Singer, Peter, 283 Skin in the Game (Taleb), 135, 218–19, 286 SkyBridge Capital, 139 Smith, Adam, 44, 78 Smith, Noah, 217 Smith, Yves, 23 Smith, Zadie, 243, 244 Social Bubble Hypothesis, 179 Sontag, Susan, 73 Sornette, Didier, 83–92, 93, 131–33, 143, 157 Dragon Kings concept of, 31, 91–92, 132–33, 142, 144–46, 202, 205, 288 risk-tempting trait of, 83, 85, 93, 177 Soros, George, 58, 65, 69 Sparks, Richard, 111 Spinks, Lynwood, 94 Spitznagel, Amy, 50, 93, 135 Spitznagel, Eric, 41 Spitznagel, Mark CBOT membership and trading done by, 12, 44–49, 137 Empirica’s launch by, 12, 13, 61–62, 65 Empirica’s trading strategy and, 13, 38, 66–68, 113, 134, 143 experience of organized chaos of trading, during his first visit to CBOT, 39–40 family background and education of, 12, 40–42, 44 global market response to Covid-19 spread and, 11–12, 14–15 learnings about trading from Klipp at CBOT, 40, 42–44, 47, 48, 50, 110, 137 trading strategy of, 136 Statista, 32 Stigler, George, 226 Stiglitz, Joseph, 236 Stockholm Resilience Centre, 215–16 Summers, Larry, 140–42 Sussman, Donald, 61, 64, 65, 68 Sutherland, Rory, 216 Systemic Risk Masterclass webcast, 267 “Systemic Risk” memo (Taleb, Bar-Yam, and Norman), 20–23, 164 Tainter, Joseph, 202–3 Taleb, Nassim Nicholas background of, 12–13 Black Swan concept extensions by, 16 Chicago Mercantile Exchange trading experience of, 56–58, 70 concerns about the spread of Covid-19 and, 17–19, 162–63 decision to leave Empirica by, 12, 81–82, 99 Empirica’s launch and naming by, 13, 61–62, 65 Empirica’s trading strategy and, 13, 38, 66–68, 77, 103, 113, 143 Gray Swans and, 27, 31, 105, 114, 145–46 pandemics research by, 16, 19–20 panic now—panic early phrase used by, 21 role of at Universa, 13–14, 112–13, 129, 140, 271 success of, 114–15 “Systemic Risk” memo of, 20–23, 164 Universa investments of, 13, 16, 98, 120, 129, 190 Tepper, David, 140, 146 Tesla, 19, 177–78, 219–20, 238–39, 247, 261 Tetlock, Philip, 106 Thaler, Richard, 124 Thomson, John, 263, 264 Thunberg, Greta, 184–85, 186, 188, 225 Tillerson, Rex, 240 time preferences, 136 Tooze, Adam, 35 Tournant, Greg, 168–69 Townsend, Jessica, 244 Trump, Donald Ackman’s Covid-19 warning to, 5, 7 attack on the Capitol (January 6, 2021) and, 251 as a Black Swan event, 105 climate threat and, 186 Covid-19 response of, 17, 18–19, 23, 165, 167 Doomsday Clock response to election loss of, 235 economic conditions and rise of, 35, 122 election of, 151, 280 Goldstone and Turchin’s forecast about election loss of, 30 political extremes and protest movements and, 32, 33–34 Turchin, Peter, 29–30 Tversky, Amos, 78, 79 Twitter, 175, 178, 216, 282 Ukraine Russian invasion of, 223, 239, 272, 280, 285–86 Taleb’s visit to, 279–80 United Nations, 18, 204, 206, 251, 281 U.S.

Other Pandemic: How QAnon Contaminated the World
by James Ball
Published 19 Jul 2023

Daniel Bates, ‘EXCLUSIVE: Jeffrey Epstein’s access to the Clinton White House laid bare’, www.dailymail.co.uk, 2 December 2021. 5. There are many accounts of such incidents, but this is a good starting point: Ted Mann, Dustin Volz, Lindsay Wise and Chad Day, ‘Lawmakers Were Feet and Seconds Away from Confrontation With the Mob in the Capitol’, www.wsj.com, 12 January 2021. 6. More background on these protests here: Ewan Palmer, ‘Global March 20 Anti-Vaccine Protests Promoted by QAnon-Linked Groups’, www.newsweek.com, 16 March 2021, and in this thread: https://twitter.com/VeraMBergen/status/1419079819959029763 7. Joe Ondrak and Jordan Wildon, ‘EXCLUSIVE: Worldwide Anti-Lockdown Protests Organized by German Cell’, www.logically.ai, 14 May 2020. 8.

The Dying Citizen: How Progressive Elites, Tribalism, and Globalization Are Destroying the Idea of America
by Victor Davis Hanson
Published 15 Nov 2021

His persistence in challenging the vote of the state electors of early December and his claims that he had actually won “in a landslide” soon proved increasingly polarizing and counterproductive to his own cause. The constant promises to supporters of a new election or rejection of the November 3 decision sapped some of the lame-duck Trump’s already eroding popularity and diminished sympathy for his grievances. And when a splinter group from an early Trump rally stormed the Capitol on January 6, 2021, while Congress was in session adjudicating the vote of the electors, the ensuing violence—five people died in the chaos, one violently—ended the Trump presidency on a sour note. Yet even Trump’s tumultuous final days of departure from office soon proved quite different from what was reported at the time.

…

The Right answered that the Left had for months contextualized the mayhem of Antifa and BLM and therefore should not be surprised when others were emboldened to follow their violent example. The public was left with the general impression that, for political reasons, violence in the streets was being condoned and perpetrators not held to account for their illegal actions.19 In reaction to the storming of the Capitol on January 6 by a faction of Trump supporters, the 2020 defeat of Trump, the impending inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden, and the loss of Republican control of the Senate on January 5 in the two special elections in Georgia, the Left became emboldened. One of the most disturbing threats to free expression in modern American history ensued.

There Is Nothing for You Here: Finding Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century
by Fiona Hill
Published 4 Oct 2021

Donald Trump’s presidency was both a product and a symptom of the set of complex problems intertwined beneath the surface of our polity. If we fail to fix our ailing society by not addressing them and providing opportunity for all, another American president, just like Vladimir Putin, might decide to stay in power indefinitely. And the next insurrectionary force that invades the U.S. Capitol Building might be better prepared than the January 6, 2021, mob. They might just manage to hold it. Part I The Coal House 1 “Call the United Nations” It wasn’t until the late 1970s, when I was thirteen, that I became aware that there was a working class and that I was in it. I was on a school exchange to Tübingen, Germany, sponsored by the education authority of my regional government, Durham County Council.

…

In the first, the president was caught behind the scenes trying to use foreign actors to harm a primary political opponent. In the second, the whole country watched him openly incite domestic actors to overturn the results of the 2020 election. Trump had long made it clear that he was prepared to use every lever at his disposal as president. The storming of the U.S. Capitol Building on January 6, 2021, by a mob fired up by the president was just one episode in a long series of provocative moves to bend the system to his will. It was, in its essence, the culmination of a slow-motion coup attempt, perpetrated by Trump to keep himself in power even if he actually lost the election.

…

His two impeachment trials were a stark warning of how much trouble the United States was in socially and politically, and of the serious repercussions for its national security. In April 2021, a study by Robert Pape, a professor at the University of Chicago, was widely featured and reported in the American press. Professor Pape examined the backgrounds of 377 Americans who were arrested after storming the U.S. Capitol Building on January 6. One critical factor stood out. They were mostly from counties in states where the non-­Hispanic white population had sharply declined relative to minorities. The people arrested were predominantly white and male (95 percent and 85 percent, respectively) and clearly uncomfortable with the steady diversification of American society and their own communities.

Traffic: Genius, Rivalry, and Delusion in the Billion-Dollar Race to Go Viral
by Ben Smith
Published 2 May 2023

Gionet “informed me that he was a ‘influencer’ and had a large following on social media,” according to a police report. By then, Gionet had been subject to the evils that had been denounced at Trump’s social media summit. He’d been deplatformed—thrown off Twitter and Twitch—and had his YouTube videos demonetized. So he was streaming to DLive, a blockchain-based service, when he entered the Capitol on January 6, 2021. He strode around like he owned the place. “America First is inevitable! Fuck globalists, let’s go!” he yelled. At one point he advised other rioters not to damage anything; at another he yelled at a police officer that he was a “fucking oathbreaker, you piece of shit.” Gionet’s excitement grew as he watched the number of viewers to his livestream rise.

…

Go to note reference in text It was easy to relate: Tasneem Nashrulla, “We Blew Up a Watermelon and Everyone Lost Their Freaking Minds,” BuzzFeed News, April 8, 2016, https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tasneemnashrulla/we-blew-up-a-watermelon-and-everyone-lost-their-freaking-min. Go to note reference in text His followers excitedly replied: Hannah Gais (@hannahgais), “users on Tim Gionet’s, aka Baked Alaska, live stream on DLive are calling to give lawmakers the ‘rope’ and to ‘hang all the congressmen’ on DLive while he’s streaming inside the Capitol building,” Twitter, January 6, 2021, 3:15 p.m., https://twitter.com/hannahgais/status/1346913339000156162?lang=en. Go to note reference in text The federal court in Washington, DC: United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Government’s Sentencing Memo, July 14, 2021, https://context-cdn.washingtonpost.com/notes/prod/default/documents/b30cc701-33df-4bc8-a99c-0043194d607b/note/9ba32abe-1765-459e-b51f-7aa8b725e7a6..

Merchants of the Right: Gun Sellers and the Crisis of American Democracy
by Jennifer Carlson
Published 2 May 2023

They engaged in a disinformation campaign that sowed distrust not just in the electoral results but also in the electoral process itself.2 Various organized factions of the Right—from the Republican Party to the Oath Keepers—undertook proactive roles in spreading the lie that not only had Trump won the election, but that the election had been stolen through the coordinated efforts of election officials working in cahoots with the Democratic Party. As many as 2,5003 people entered the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, in opposition to the election results that would be certified that day. In all likelihood, many of those gathered that day may well have believed that they were not democracy’s detractors but rather its last line of defense—and that their patriotic actions were necessary to save America.

…

For many onlookers, conservatives were acting out the conspiracist tendencies that historian Richard Hofstadter labeled the “paranoid style” in US conservative politics17—a pathological scourge on liberal democracy’s promises of popular sovereignty and political equality. Indeed, people like Jake Angeli—the so-called QAnon Shaman who entered the Capitol Building on January 6, 2021, bare-chested and wearing a headdress of fur and horns, and who was later diagnosed with an array of mental health problems18—reinforced the stereotype of conspiracy adherents as narcissistic, unhinged, and aberrant. The Jake Angelis of the Right are evocative archetypes of conspiracism, but they misleadingly suggest that conspiracist thinking is fundamentally fringe to the democratic order of things.

How Elites Ate the Social Justice Movement
by Fredrik Deboer
Published 4 Sep 2023

The polls had underrated Trump’s chances again, perhaps due to a refusal of Trump voters to answer their phones when pollsters called. Trump, infamously, refused to concede, called the election stolen before many of the states had even finished counting, and eventually whipped up the riot at the Capitol building on January 6, 2021. That was the year that was 2020: a year of pandemic, a year of protest, a year of tension and turmoil, a year when the establishment of American politics regained the presidency, replacing the serial instability and alleged petty corruption of the Trump administration with Joe Biden’s uninspiring, incrementalist normalcy.

Samuelson Friedman: The Battle Over the Free Market
by Nicholas Wapshott
Published 2 Aug 2021

(Hank), 274, 275–76, 341 payroll withholding tax, 32–33 Pechman, Joseph, 207, 332 Pelosi, Nancy, 293 Pence, Mike, 293 Peterson, Pete, 145–46, 325 Phelps, Edmund, 114–15, 321 Phillips Curve, 111–12, 114–15, 121, 170, 178, 267, 298 Phillips, William, 111, 114, 321 Pigou, Arthur, 28–29, 38, 308 Pinochet, Augusto, 159–61, 168, 169, 170, 327 Poole, William, 213, 333 postwar consensus politics in Britain, 216, 232, 234, 236 Powell, Enoch, 237–38, 336 President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board (PEPAB), 201, 249 Prices and Production (Hayek), 38, 102 prime rate, Federal Reserve, 194–95 Principles and Rules in Modern Fiscal Policy (Samuelson), 20–21, 23 Profumo, John, 301 progressive income tax, 47 propensity to consume, 19, 100, 133 property rights, 80 Protest at Capitol, January 6, 2021, 293–94 Pure Theory of Capital, The (Hayek), 311 quantitative easing (QE), 263, 280–81, 324 quantity theory of money development by Chicago economists, 99–100 Friedman on, 45, 95, 98–100, 101–3, 104–5, 107 Keynes on, 63, 94, 96–97, 98, 106 Samuelson on, 99–100, 102, 125–26, 132–33 see also monetarism “Quantity Theory of Money, The” (Friedman), 98–99 Rand, Ayn, 81, 82, 260, 317, 338 “rational expectations,” 96, 115, 180–81, 278, 281 Reaganomics, 200–201, 249, 250, 251 Reagan, Ronald arms race with Soviet Union, 209–10, 215 deficit spending, 210, 333 Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, 333 education and early career, 199–200, 201 election in 1980, 199 federal bailouts backed by, 201 first inaugural address, 293 humor, 56 import quotas condoned by, 201 monetary policy, 201–2 opposition to communist tyranny, 209–10, 215, 216 Queen Elizabeth and, 230 Soviet Union collapse and, 214–15 supply-side economics, 204–6 tax cuts, 208, 209–10, 333 tax increases, 210 Tax Reform Act of 1986, 333 Volcker supported by, 202, 212 “Republican Revolution,” 251, 253 “Revealed Preference” theory, 163 “Right Approach to the Economy, The” (Joseph), 239 Road to Serfdom, The (Hayek), 35–36, 66–68, 87, 215, 222, 237, 334 Robbins, Lionel, 41, 306 Robertson, Dennis, 39, 41, 310 Robinson, Austin, 39 Robinson, (Edward) Austin, 41, 310 Robinson, Joan, 39, 40, 41, 310 Rockefeller, Nelson, 51, 138, 312 “Role of Monetary Targets in an Age of Inflation, The” (Volcker), 184–85 Romney, Mitt, 49, 311–12, 318 Roosevelt, Franklin D.

Facing Reality: Two Truths About Race in America
by Charles Murray
Published 14 Jun 2021

Events since the summer of 2020 make me think it is too late to talk about if Whites adopt identity politics. Many already have. That’s the parsimonious way to interpret the red-blue divisions over wearing masks, the widespread belief in red states that the 2020 election was stolen, and the rage that resulted in the invasion of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. This is all evidence that the federal government has lost its legitimacy in the eyes of many Whites. If that reaction spreads, the continued ability of the federal government to enforce its edicts in the reddest portions of the nation will be thrown into question. The prospect of legal secession may be remote, but the prospect of reduced governability from Washington is not.

The Shame Machine: Who Profits in the New Age of Humiliation
by Cathy O'Neil
Published 15 Mar 2022

See also fat shame the beauty, anti-aging, and wellness industries, 5–6, 78–81, 82–88 body-editing photo apps, 107 choice/responsibility/failure tropes and, 81–83 Lysol douches and feminine hygiene shame, 77–78, 79–81 prevalence of, 82–83 social media’s health impacts on young women, 105–7 Bodytune, 107 Boston Globe, 44 Bremer, Arthur, 132 British India: Gandhi’s Salt March, 173–76 Buhari, Muhammadu, 171–72, 173 Buolamwini, Joy, 186 C cancel culture, 114–16 Confederate flag and statue removals, 118 Amy Cooper’s firing, 110 the Harper’s letter’s defense of free speech, 128–31 Karens and Karen shaming, 109–14, 116 Capitol attack (January 6, 2021), 101 celibacy, 135, 140. See also incel community Center for Employment Opportunities, Inc. (CEO), 68–73 Central Park birdwatching incident, 109–11 Chauvin, Derek, 111 children and teenagers: body image anxiety among teenage girls, 82–83, 106–7 child poverty, 67 dealing with our own children, 148–49, 213 dieting/fat shaming and, 34–35 impacts of parental drug addiction, 40–41 the marshmallow experiment, 74–75 as organizers of punching-up campaigns, 179–81 teens as targets of the wellness industry, 79–81 China, digital surveillance and public shaming in, 103 Chisholm, Shirley, 132 Choi, Kristen, 164 Churchill, Winston, 175 civil rights movements.

The Great Wave: The Era of Radical Disruption and the Rise of the Outsider
by Michiko Kakutani
Published 20 Feb 2024

Generations: The Real Differences Between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and Silents—and What They Mean for America's Future
by Jean M. Twenge
Published 25 Apr 2023

Trust in others, in government, and in the press are three ingredients necessary for a functioning democracy. These data go a long way toward explaining the state of the country in 2020 and 2021: why misinformation spread so widely, why the results of the 2020 election were questioned, and why the U.S. Capitol was stormed on January 6, 2021. Without trust in the press or in government authorities, all these events became possible. Given that modern society is built on abstract concepts—government, money, corporations, taxes—people need to trust leaders and the press to agree on what is true and what is not. They no longer do, so facts are up for grabs.

…

By September 2020, 44% of Republicans and 41% of Democrats said there would be at least “a little” justification for violence if the other party’s candidate won the election, including 20% who said there would be “a lot” or “a great deal” of justification. We all know what happened next: Trump’s supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, in a violent attempt to keep him in the White House. How did things get this bad? There were many factors, but social media played a role. Before 2010, social media was mostly for posting pictures for friends. Then Facebook introduced the “like” button and Twitter premiered the “retweet” button, enabling social media companies to figure out what kept people clicking.

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968
by Thomas E. Ricks
Published 3 Oct 2022

The Battle of Birmingham. The March on Washington. The frontal assault at Selma. There were other echoes. The same antidemocratic faction of American life that opposed the Movement in the 1960s has been resurgent lately, not only seeking to restrict access to the vote but actually storming the Capitol building on January 6, 2021, as a presidential election was awaiting certification. The question facing us is whether those antidemocratic forces will once again defeat the forces of democracy as they have before. When laws are passed inhibiting the ability of people to vote, accompanied by laws limiting the ability of teachers to teach history, these are signs that we are once again threatened by the ancient and powerful forces of caste and oligarchy.

…

Also see Bob Zellner, The Wrong Side of Murder Creek: A White Southerner in the Freedom Movement (NewSouth Books, 2008), 138, where Zellner writes that “Cobb and some of the SNCC people developed the idea of the Freedom School.” “I believe in states’ rights”: “Ronald Reagan’s 1980 Neshoba County Fair Speech,” Neshoba (Mississippi) Democrat, August 3, 1980. America’s demographics and values: For example, the people who assaulted the Capitol building on January 6, 2021, tended to be older, white males with jobs. “Those involved are, by and large, older and more professional than right-wing protesters we have surveyed in the past. They typically have no ties to existing right-wing groups. But like earlier protesters, they are 95 percent White and 85 percent male.”

…

Board of Education ruling on school segregation Bryant, Charles Buber, Martin Bull Run, First Battle of Bunyan, John Burma Burner, Eric Burnham, Margaret Burton, Richard buses segregation of; see also Montgomery bus boycott see also Freedom Rides Bush, George W. Camden, Ala. capitalism Capitol attack of January 6 Carawan, Guy Carmichael, Stokely Black Power and death of Johnson’s speech and King and Lawson and Lewis and in Meredith march Moses and name change of nonviolence and SNCC and Carr, Johnnie Carson, Clayborne Carter, Hodding, II Carter, Jimmy Carty, Nicole Cash, Johnny Castile, Philando Castle, Doris Castro, Fidel Catsam, Derek CBS cell phones Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Chafe, William Chalmers, David Chandler, Len Chaney, James Chappell, David Charron, Katherine Mellen Chauri Chaura incident Chenoweth, Erica Chenoweth, Karin Chestnut, J.

Doppelganger: A Trip Into the Mirror World
by Naomi Klein
Published 11 Sep 2023

Since Bannon is one of the primary pushers of the Big Lie that Trump won the 2020 election and was betrayed by Republican representatives and operatives who refused to overturn Biden’s victory, many of his listeners have been organizing to make sure that, next time, they will have thousands of foot soldiers in place, at the precinct level, who will refuse to certify another election win by the Democrats. And, of course, we’ve heard a lot about Bannon’s decision to defy a subpoena from the House probe into the storming of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, for which he could well face jail time. All of that is important. But interfering in elections is only a fraction of what Bannon is up to. Just as important are the ways he is trying to actually win elections. The precinct strategy is the backup plan in case the winning strategy fails.

System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong and How We Can Reboot
by Rob Reich , Mehran Sahami and Jeremy M. Weinstein
Published 6 Sep 2021

In four of five cases, the board overturned Facebook’s removal of content, signaling a will to challenge the platform and establish the authority of its external review. Then it agreed to hear a case with global repercussions: whether Facebook had been justified in indefinitely suspending Donald Trump’s account in the wake of the insurrection at the US Capitol on January 6, 2021. In late spring 2021, it upheld Facebook’s decision to suspend Trump but rejected an indefinite ban. It gave Facebook six months to revisit the case and provide clear, public standards for any continuing ban. A Solomonic decision, it pleased no one and returned power to Facebook. An odd choice if the Oversight Board was intended to diminish the unchecked power of Facebook in deciding the boundaries of permissible speech on its platform.

How to Stand Up to a Dictator
by Maria Ressa
Published 19 Oct 2022

An internal Facebook memo, “Political Influences on Content Policy,” stated that Kaplan’s group “regularly protects powerful constituencies,” starting with then candidate Donald Trump in 2015.46 This is partly why the company has consistently allowed politicians to lie, why it hid the truth, then blunted its announcement, about Russian disinformation and information operations, and why it allowed extremist groups to grow and seed metanarratives that led to its wake-up call: the violence on Capitol Hill on January 6, 2021, when Donald Trump exhorted thousands of Americans to attack the US Capitol building in protest against his election loss. That was when Silicon Valley’s sins came home to roost.47 Recent surveys show that up to 40 percent of Americans still believe that Trump won, including 10 percent of Democrats.48 There are three assumptions implicit in everything Facebook says and does: first, that more information is better; second, that faster information is better; third, that the bad—lies, hate speech, conspiracy theories, disinformation, targeted attacks, information operations—should be tolerated in service of Facebook’s larger goals.

The Stolen Year
by Anya Kamenetz
Published 23 Aug 2022

This is a vision of feminism that asks virtually nothing of the government. It whites out structural inequalities. It has little to say to women like the nannies who accompanied Sandberg on private jets, making her own work-life balance possible. Cooper and I happened to talk on the day of the Capitol insurrection, January 6, 2021. A man named Richard Barnett was putting his feet up on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s desk, showing dangerous contempt for one of the most powerful women in government. This, after voters picked one of the oldest men ever to run for president over an entire field of highly qualified women in the primary, with some polling suggesting that voters believed other voters would never accept a woman in the top spot.

How to Talk to a Science Denier: Conversations With Flat Earthers, Climate Deniers, and Others Who Defy Reason
by Lee McIntyre
Published 14 Sep 2021

It’s a matter of trusting not only science but also the guardians of scientific policy, some of whom have succumbed to political pressure under Trump. Whether liberal or conservative, one reality of the last four years is that much of this trust is gone. Despite Trump’s removal from office, Trumpism remains. The insurrrection at the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, showed just how deeply a “fact-free” ideology has penetrated this country and the terrible consequences that can follow. What ended in violence in Washington, DC, began at the Plaza Hotel in New York in 1953, where a handful of executives decided to “fight the science” by creating a disinformation campaign against facts that might hurt their business interests, perhaps unwittingly creating a blueprint for the future denial of any fact that did not fit someone’s preferred reality.

Aftershocks: Pandemic Politics and the End of the Old International Order
by Colin Kahl and Thomas Wright
Published 23 Aug 2021

Supreme Court, and in more than sixty lawsuits the Trump campaign unsuccessfully brought in courts around the country.110 But polls showed that a majority of Republican voters believed it.111 Bucking the long-standing American tradition of peacefully transferring power, Trump’s refusal to concede defeat led to the rockiest presidential transition in memory, capped by the violent siege of the U.S. Capitol—egged on by Trump himself—on January 6, 2021. But America’s democratic institutions ultimately held, and Biden was inaugurated on January 20. THE WHO AND CHINA, ACT II On Tuesday, January 5, 2021, at the WHO’s first press conference of the new year, director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters that members of the international scientific team investigating the origins of COVID-19 had begun traveling from their home countries to China.

…

-China relations withdrawal from Iran nuclear deal withdrawal from Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Health Organization and Xi Jinping and Trump, Frederick Uighur population Ukraine United Kingdom B.1.1.7 variant in Brexit COVID-19 response in COVID-19 vaccines and G7 and populist nationalism and United Nations COVID-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP) UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs UN World Food Programme (WFP) U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) U.S. Capitol siege (January 6, 2021) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) vaccine nationalism vaccines. See COVID-19 vaccines Van Kerkhove, Maria variants B.1.351 B.1.17 P.1 614G Vietnam Vizcarra, Martín von der Leyen, Ursula Vučić, Aleksandar Wall Street crash of 1929 Wang, Yi Warren, Elizabeth Washington, George West Africa Wieler, Lothar Wilson, Edith Wilson, Woodrow awarded Nobel Peace Prize “Fourteen Points” Grayson, Cary T.

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power
by Jacob Helberg
Published 11 Oct 2021

But what about the results of a presidential election that no authoritative source disputes but tens of millions of Americans believe ended differently? Facebook eventually took down many of the “STOP THE STEAL” groups proliferating on their platform,185 while Twitter, in just the forty-eight hours after Election Day, labeled 38 percent of President Trump’s tweets and retweets as misleading.186 After a pro-Trump mob rioted at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, seeking to halt the process certifying Joe Biden as president, Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube suspended Trump from their platforms for inciting violence and violating their civic integrity policies. Apple and Google suspended Parler from their app stores, and Amazon kicked them off their popular cloud hosting service.

Seven Crashes: The Economic Crises That Shaped Globalization
by Harold James
Published 15 Jan 2023

They took a populist stance on the benefits of lockdowns as an immediate containment measure, and rejected expert or “technocratic” advice. Even in rich countries where the crisis looks as if it has been well handled—in Germany or Japan—there is a surge of protest. Before the storming of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, the German Reichstag had been attacked, in August 2020. Large numbers of people are desperately looking for new leadership and new visions. As political leaders are looking for ways out, money offers an easy path. Inflation is an obvious immediate answer to supply shocks. More money in more pockets generates the impression that resources are available to deal with scarcity.

Breaking Twitter: Elon Musk and the Most Controversial Corporate Takeover in History
by Ben Mezrich
Published 6 Nov 2023

But it was a precedent; the tools used in the suppression of the Post story—banning of accounts, moderating tweets, DMs, and trending topics—went into common rotation, especially as the pandemic moved into high gear and Covid misinformation proliferated on the platform. The quagmire of policing Covid misinformation paled in comparison to the madness surrounding what brought the most attention to Trust and Safety, and to Yoel personally: the permanent banning of Donald Trump’s Twitter account, on January 8, 2021, after the seismic events at the US Capitol building on January 6. Yoel’s personal feeling toward Trump was no secret among people who knew him, or to the numerous internet sleuths who had uncovered some of Yoel’s own tweets from his past, most egregious of the bunch, a tweet from 2017: “Yes, that person in the pink hat is clearly a bigger threat to your brand of feminism than ACTUAL NAZIS IN THE WHITE HOUSE.”

Rigged: How the Media, Big Tech, and the Democrats Seized Our Elections
by Mollie Hemingway
Published 11 Oct 2021

The case was a long shot, but there was a difference between the Supreme Court’s explaining why it was wrong on the merits and simply refusing to even consider the arguments. That refusal, along with so many others at the federal and state level, went a long way to amping up the frustration of the losing side, culminating in a riot at the Capitol on January 6. At the same time the legal team was working its way through the courts, however unsuccessfully, the conversation among Trump advisors and supporters turned to fraud. Prominent Trump affiliates began hyping dramatic claims about problems with Dominion Voting Systems, one of the companies that supplied voting machines used in many states.

Pandora's Box: How Guts, Guile, and Greed Upended TV
by Peter Biskind
Published 6 Nov 2023

The Lucasfilm show is all action, little character, and most of what passes for dialogue is just noise, no better than computer-generated gibberish—“Chain codes,” “tracking fobs”—or worse: “Not so fast, Fennec!” or “Who’s this guy?” It’s all sound and fury, signifying money. Most of the characters look like the Stop the Stealers who descended on the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, horns and all. The droids, who don’t have to pretend they’re actors, turn in the best performances. They even ended up on postage stamps, suggesting that Iger had added the US Postal Service to Disney’s holdings. Frozen in place, they look much more comfortable than they do when animated.

The Loop: How Technology Is Creating a World Without Choices and How to Fight Back
by Jacob Ward
Published 25 Jan 2022

Sacred values and group identity cause us to abandon our critical faculties. In Hamid’s experiments, MRI scans of people angry about a cartoon of the prophet Muhammad or about the occupation of Palestine showed that their cost-benefit centers weren’t lighting up. That would clearly have been true of anyone inside the Capitol building on January 6, 2021. What better evidence that sacred values turn off our better judgment than people storming up the steps without a rational plan for what they’d do when they got inside, and who hadn’t considered that doing so, without hiding their faces, while livestreaming themselves on YouTube, meant felony charges awaited them on the far end?

The Ransomware Hunting Team: A Band of Misfits' Improbable Crusade to Save the World From Cybercrime
by Renee Dudley and Daniel Golden
Published 24 Oct 2022

Frank Beazley Bendersky, Eduard Benge, Terry Beverwijk Biden, Joe Binary Defense bitcoin tumblers Bitdefender BitPaymer Black Lives Matter BlackMatter Blanch, Beth Hall Blanch, Bobby Blanch, Rita BleepingComputer; DDoS attack on; founding of; Maze and; TeslaCrypt and block ciphers BloNo (Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area) BloodDolly Blount, Joseph BlueVoyant Blundell Brown, Nicky Bonczoszek, Noel Botezatu, Bogdan botnets Bottoms, Keisha Lance Boyce Technologies, Inc. Broward County Public Schools Bryce, Cade BTCWare Bugat Butterball Caesar, Julius Caesar cipher Campari Group Canon Capitol attack of January 6 Capture the Flag Cargile, Lisa Marie Carlin, John Carter, Stephen L. Carter, Todd Churchill, Winston ciphers CISA (Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency) Cleveland Plain Dealer Clinton administration CLOP Cobalt Strike Cohen, Steven A. CoinVault Colonial Pipeline Company Comey, James CompuCom Compulink Information eXchange (CIX) Computer Crime Unit (CUU), Scotland Yard Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Computer Misuse Act Congionti, Mark Congionti, Victor Connelly, P.

The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future
by Orly Lobel
Published 17 Oct 2022

Thousands of company documents Haugen turned over to Congress, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the European Parliament, and the media suggested that Facebook was aware that its algorithm allowed and encouraged the display of extreme dieting and self-harm posts to a teenage female audience. Haugen also asserted that Facebook should be held accountable for its contributions to the Capitol siege on January 6, 2021. Facebook responded by calling for more public regulation of digital content, rebranding itself as Meta, and, along with other technology kings, racing to shift us all into the metaverse—an embodied immersive experience of our digital lives. Policymakers are racing (although a racing legislature is something of an oxymoron) to respond and tighten oversight of digital spheres.

MegaThreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them
by Nouriel Roubini
Published 17 Oct 2022

The War Came to Us: Life and Death in Ukraine
by Christopher Miller
Published 17 Jul 2023

Shutdown: How COVID Shook the World's Economy
by Adam Tooze
Published 15 Nov 2021

An Ugly Truth: Inside Facebook's Battle for Domination
by Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang
Published 12 Jul 2021

Greater: Britain After the Storm
by Penny Mordaunt and Chris Lewis
Published 19 May 2021

100 Things We've Lost to the Internet
by Pamela Paul
Published 14 Oct 2021

The Identity Trap: A Story of Ideas and Power in Our Time
by Yascha Mounk
Published 26 Sep 2023

Spies, Lies, and Algorithms: The History and Future of American Intelligence
by Amy B. Zegart
Published 6 Nov 2021

Bootstrapped: Liberating Ourselves From the American Dream
by Alissa Quart
Published 14 Mar 2023

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order: America and the World in the Free Market Era
by Gary Gerstle
Published 14 Oct 2022

Your Face Belongs to Us: A Secretive Startup's Quest to End Privacy as We Know It
by Kashmir Hill
Published 19 Sep 2023

American Marxism
by Mark R. Levin
Published 12 Jul 2021

The Constitution of Knowledge: A Defense of Truth
by Jonathan Rauch
Published 21 Jun 2021

Their frustration grows as reality-based institutions—mainstream journalists, the courts, scholars, government agencies—reject their claims, but being rejected only makes them surer that a conspiracy is afoot. As their anger and fear rise, they may finally resort to creed war, cold or hot. The rioters who stormed the U.S. Capitol to disrupt the counting of electoral votes on January 6, 2021, believed that right there in front of them, inside the building only yards away, Congress was in the process of reversing the people’s will and stealing democracy. Given what they thought were the stakes, many of them saw little option but to take up arms in defense of truth.

The Plague Year: America in the Time of Covid
by Lawrence Wright
Published 7 Jun 2021

Patty Murray recounts her narrow escape from a violent mob inside the U.S. Capitol,” PBS NewsHour, Feb. 12, 2021. only weapons: Mike Gallagher, “Republican congressman: To keep safe during Capitol attack, we barricaded my office door,” USA Today, Jan. 14, 2021. “I’ve not seen anything like this”: “GOP lawmaker on Capitol riot: Trump needs to call it off,” CNN, January 6, 2021. Dozens of cops: Nadia Kounang and Whitney Wild, “38 Capitol Police officers test positive for Covid-19 after Capitol riot,” CNN, Jan. 24, 2021. 300 million: Christopher Rowland, Lena H. Sun, Isaac Stanley-Becker, and Carolyn Y. Johnson, “Trump’s Operation Warp Speed promised a flood of Covid vaccines.

Raising Lazarus: Hope, Justice, and the Future of America’s Overdose Crisis
by Beth Macy
Published 15 Aug 2022

The Lords of Easy Money: How the Federal Reserve Broke the American Economy
by Christopher Leonard
Published 11 Jan 2022

Firms,” Axios, June 15, 2020; Jeff Stein and Rachel Siegel, “Treasury’s Mnuchin Defends Ending Lending Programs, Fires Back at Federal Reserve,” Washington Post, November 20, 2020. On January 6, 2021, thousands of violent: Nicholas Fandos and Emily Cochrane, “After Pro-Trump Mob Storms Capitol, Congress Confirms Biden’s Win,” New York Times, January 6, 2021; “Stock Market News for January 7, 2021,” Zacks Equity Research, via Yahoo!Finance, January 7, 2021. That month, millions of traders: Matt Phillips, Taylor Lorenz, Tara Siegel Bernard, and Gillian Friedman, “The Hopes That Rose and Fell with GameStop,” New York Times, February 7, 2021; video of Federal Reserve press conference, January 27, 2021, uploaded to Federal Reserve Board of Governors website: https://www.federalreserve.gov/videos.htm.

Tracers in the Dark: The Global Hunt for the Crime Lords of Cryptocurrency
by Andy Greenberg
Published 15 Nov 2022

Imaginable: How to See the Future Coming and Feel Ready for Anything―Even Things That Seem Impossible Today
by Jane McGonigal
Published 22 Mar 2022

The Chaos Machine: The Inside Story of How Social Media Rewired Our Minds and Our World
by Max Fisher
Published 5 Sep 2022

Dominic Pezzola, Case 1:21-mj-00047, January 13, 2021. 101 Former friends told Vice News: “The Proud Boy Who Smashed a US Capitol Window Is a Former Marine,” Tess Owen and Mack Lamoureux, Vice News, January 15, 2021. 102 “Load your guns and take”: “The Radicalization of Kevin Greeson,” Connor Sheets, ProPublica and Birmingham News, January 15, 2021. 103 Boyland’s family said: “Death of QAnon Follower at Capitol Leaves a Wake of Pain,” Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs and Evan Hill, New York Times, May 30, 2021. 104 filmed Babbitt’s death: “The Story of the Man Who Filmed Ashli Babbitt’s Death,” Samuel Benson, Deseret News, August 11, 2021. 105 “That got me moved”: “John Sullivan, Who Filmed Shooting of Ashli Babbitt in Capitol, Detained on Federal Charges,” Robert Mackey, The Intercept, January 14, 2021. 106 “Can we get some courage”: “Twitter, Facebook Freeze Trump Accounts as Tech Giants Respond to Storming of U.S. Capitol,” Elizabeth Culliford, Katie Paul, and Joseph Menn, Reuters, January 6, 2021. 107 “We need to take down”: “Facebook Forced Its Employees to Stop Discussing Trump’s Coup Attempt,” Ryan Mac, BuzzFeed News, January 6, 2021. 108 “Social media has emboldened”: “Alphabet Workers Union Statement on Yesterday’s Insurrection,” Alphabet Workers Union, January 7, 2021. 109 “You’ve got blood”: Tweet by Chris Sacca (@sacca), January 6, 2021. twitter.com/sacca/status/1346921144859783169 110 “I’ve never been a fan”: “Joe Biden,” The Editorial Board, New York Times, January 17, 2020. 111 “Perhaps no single entity”: Tom Malinowski and Anna G.

Woke, Inc: Inside Corporate America's Social Justice Scam
by Vivek Ramaswamy
Published 16 Aug 2021

American Gun: The True Story of the AR-15
by Cameron McWhirter and Zusha Elinson
Published 25 Sep 2023

Four Battlegrounds
by Paul Scharre
Published 18 Jan 2023

McKinnon and Alex Leary, “Trump Considers Forming Panel to Review Complaints of Online Bias,” Wall Street Journal, May 23, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-considers-forming-panel-to-review-complaints-of-online-bias-11590238800. 150soft-pedal right-wing disinformation: Jeff Horwitz and Deepa Seetharaman, “Facebook Executives Shut Down Efforts to Make the Site Less Divisive,” Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2020, https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-it-encourages-division-top-executives-nixed-solutions-11590507499. 150Facebook altered its algorithm to boost the rankings: Kevin Roose, “Facebook Reverses Postelection Algorithm Changes That Boosted News from Authoritative Sources,” New York Times, December 16, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/16/technology/facebook-reverses-postelection-algorithm-changes-that-boosted-news-from-authoritative-sources.html. 150incited a riot to storm the Capitol: Twitter Inc., “Permanent Suspension of @realDonaldTrump,” Twitter Blog, January 8, 2021, https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/suspension.html; Mark Zuckerberg, “The shocking events of the last 24 hours clearly demonstrate . . .” Facebook, January 7, 2021, https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10112681480907401. 150account suspensions were clearly necessary: Sheera Frenkel, “The Storming of Capitol Hill Was Organized on Social Media,” New York Times, January 6, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/protesters-storm-capitol-hill-building.html. 150Republican members of Congress objected to certifying: Karen Yourish, Larry Buchanan, and Denise Lu, “The 147 Republicans Who Voted to Overturn Election Results,” New York Times, January 7, 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/01/07/us/elections/electoral-college-biden-objectors.html. 150debunked allegations of fraud: Ann Gerhart, “Election Results Under Attack: Here Are the Facts,” Washington Post, updated March 11, 2021, https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/interactive/2020/election-integrity/. 19.

Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World
by Malcolm Harris
Published 14 Feb 2023