8-hour work day

The Productive Programmer

by Neal Ford  · 8 Dec 2008  · 224pp  · 48,804 words

line and have to deploy it a lot more often). Add it up: 64 times performing this chore × 15 minutes = 960 minutes = 16 hours = 2 work days. Two full work days to do the same thing over and over! And this doesn’t take into account the number of times you accidentally forget to do

The Architecture of Open Source Applications

by Amy Brown and Greg Wilson  · 24 May 2011  · 834pp  · 180,700 words

works today, I will explain how Graphite was initially implemented (quite naively), what problems I ran into, and how I devised solutions to them. 8.1. The Database Library: Storing Time-Series Data Graphite is written entirely in Python and consists of three major components: a database library named whisper

…

development as well. We often completed an entire Design-Development-QA feedback cycle within a 24-hour day, with each aspect taking one person's 8-hour work day in their local daytime. This asynchronous style of collaboration compelled us to produce self-descriptive artifacts (design sketch, code and tests), which in turn

Deep Utopia: Life and Meaning in a Solved World

by Nick Bostrom  · 26 Mar 2024  · 547pp  · 173,909 words

a means to other goods—we could all stand to benefit from coordinating to reduce our efforts. We could create public holidays, legislate an 8-hour work day, or a 4-hour work day. We could impose steeply progressive taxes on labor income. In principle, such measures could preserve the rankings of everybody involved and achieve the

Early Retirement Extreme

by Jacob Lund Fisker  · 30 Sep 2010  · 346pp  · 102,625 words

(physically and mentally), to being on prescription medicines, to being entirely dependent on advanced medical infrastructure. Time ranges from being a galley slave, to working 8-10-hour days in a tolerable job, to doing what you want, which may or may not include what is otherwise classified as work. Completing

…

could be used for something better. Assuming he also spends an hour daily in his car commuting, then that is 250 hours a year, assuming 250 working days. That is 1/8 of the working day on top of the working day or 1/8 of the working month on top of the working month. Hence, that is 12

…

. A flexible work schedule would mean that instead of counting in years, you could be counting in months or even days or hours (a one hour work day, anyone?). In other words, with a 20% savings rate, you could take 1 month off each time you work 4 months, or 1 day off

The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class

by Guy Standing  · 27 Feb 2011  · 209pp  · 89,619 words

structure. In agrarian society, labour and work were adapted to the rhythm of the seasons and weather conditions. Any idea of a regular 10- or 8-hour working day would have been absurd. There was little point in trying to plough or harvest in the pouring rain. Time may have waited for no man

…

time norms that still permeate social analysis, legislation and policymaking. For instance, standard labour statistics produce neatly impressive figures indicating that the average adult ‘works 8.2 hours a day’ (or whatever the figure might be) for five days a week, or that the labour force participation rate is 75 per

Of a Fire on the Moon

by Norman Mailer  · 2 Jun 2014  · 477pp  · 165,458 words

work.” It gives a hint of how killing is the work in the simulators. To use all of one’s best energy hour after hour, working day after working day in order to keep up with a machine whose brain is more rapid if not more brilliant than one’s own, plunking all of one

Financial Freedom: A Proven Path to All the Money You Will Ever Need

by Grant Sabatier  · 5 Feb 2019  · 621pp  · 123,678 words

day. That means they spend about 220 hours each year commuting if they work 50 weeks per year. That’s equal to 27.5 additional 8-hour working days per year! And they’re not getting paid for a minute of it. And if you travel on trips for your work, those hours

The Story of Work: A New History of Humankind

by Jan Lucassen  · 26 Jul 2021  · 869pp  · 239,167 words

and Special Collections. Asian Rare-6 no. L2:1. 13. May Day: ‘Labour’s May Day dedicated to the workers of the world’ propagating the 8-hour working day, by Walter Crane. Coloured edition in German, Austria, 1897. IISH Amsterdam IISG # BG C3/900. International Institute of Social History (Amsterdam). 14. Pay day

…

, birthdays and fiestas were the main reason for living. . . . They do not regard such fun-making with the same attitudes that Westerners have for leisure.’8 American sociologist Nels Anderson believed that, even in the industrialized world, ‘non-work obligations’ are distinct from leisure: ‘It is in performing such obligations

…

twenty-eight days. After that, the women can begin spinning silk. 13. May Day 1897: five male workers, symbolizing the five continents, promote the eight-hour working day under the aegis of Freedom, with Equality and Fraternity. The American Federation of Labor had taken this initiative three years previously, and it had been

…

must have already happened previously in London. In the same half-century, on average, people also started work earlier in the morning, making the working day half an hour longer. Around 1800, people worked, on average, from seven to seven, minus breaks of between one and one-and-a-half hours. Remarkably,

…

North Atlantic, revolutionary Russia and other countries. Preceding the legislation histories of separate countries, this important first stage was completed with the establishment of the 8-hour working day. In many countries, this occurred during the turbulent end to the First World War. A few years later, a 48-hour (rather than a

…

45-hour) workweek prevailed in the most important branches of industry in Western Europe.15 The labour movement, which for decades had championed the 8-hour workday, vaunted its achievement, in particular during its May Day celebrations. France’s socialist prime minister Léon Blum, who dared to introduce a

…

Review of Anthropology, 38 (2009), pp. 251–66. Heerma van Voss, Lex. ‘The International Federation of Trade Unions and the Attempt to Maintain the Eight-Hour Working Day (1919–1929)’, in Frits van Holthoon & Marcel van der Linden (eds), Internationalism in the Labour Movement 1830–1940 (Leiden: Brill, 1988), pp. 518–42.

Why America Must Not Follow Europe

by Daniel Hannan  · 1 Mar 2011  · 31pp  · 7,670 words

paying for Europe’s quality of life. A European worker enjoys more leisure than his American counterpart, they argue, with shorter working days and longer vacations. He has a proper two-hour lunch, instead of gobbling a sandwich at his desk. He has time to play with his children. This is certainly true

The Comforts of a Muddy Saturday

by Alexander McCall Smith  · 22 Sep 2008  · 223pp  · 66,428 words

she had a day or two to decide on that. Travelling to and from lunch, and the lunch itself, would take about two hours out of her working day. She had no compunction in asking Eddie to run the shop single-handedly for that length of time, but if he could manage for

In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays

by Bertrand Russell  · 1 Jan 1935  · 12pp  · 5,028 words

, would suffice to produce what is now produced in the way of necessaries and simple comforts. That means that, if the average working day for those who have work is eight hours, more than half the workers would be unemployed if it were not for certain forms of inefficiency and unnecessary production. To take

Two and Twenty: How the Masters of Private Equity Always Win

by Sachin Khajuria  · 13 Jun 2022  · 229pp  · 75,606 words

predictable investment method. Despite their limited time in private equity jobs, the young men already know that this version of events is nonsense. Every hour of their working days and nights proves it. Private equity managers do not debate business plans for companies in the investment committee that would fit on the back

Shantaram: A Novel

by Gregory David Roberts  · 12 Oct 2004  · 1,222pp  · 385,226 words

most mornings, I joined the men in the fields tending to the crops of maize, corn, wheat, pulses, and cotton. The working day was divided into two brackets of about three hours, with a lunch break and siesta between. Children and young women brought the lunches to us in a multitude of stainless

Personal Kanban: Mapping Work, Navigating Life

by Jim Benson and Tonianne Demaria Barry  · 2 Feb 2011  · 147pp  · 37,622 words

derailed. If we complete a task in two hours, that does not mean we can replicate that task’s completion four times in an eight hour work day or 20 times in a 40 hour work week. There is a difference between how long it took us to accomplish a task in the

Stubborn Attachments: A Vision for a Society of Free, Prosperous, and Responsible Individuals

by Tyler Cowen  · 15 Oct 2018  · 140pp  · 42,194 words

in a relevant measure of wealth. In this context, maximizing Wealth Plus does not mean that everyone should work as much as possible. A fourteen-hour work day might maximize measured GDP in the short run, but it would be less propitious over time once we take into account the value of leisure

Empire

by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri  · 9 Mar 2000  · 1,015pp  · 170,908 words

The regu- lation ofthe working day, which was the real keystone to socialist politics throughout the past two centuries, has been completely overturned. Working days are often twelve, fourteen, sixteen hours long without weekends or vacations; there is work for men, women, and children alike, and for the old and the handicapped. Empire

Atrocity Archives

by Stross, Charles  · 13 Jan 2004  · 404pp  · 113,514 words

a mugger and a drunk guy who wants to know if you can put him up for the night? I count that as a twenty hour working day with hardship. Want me to submit an overtime claim?" "Well, you should have phoned in first," she says waspishly. I'm not going to win

The Rapture of the Nerds

by Cory Doctorow and Charles Stross  · 3 Sep 2012  · 311pp  · 94,732 words

thinks darkly; then he packs the artifact into his pannier and pedals heavily away toward the pottery. It’s going to be a long working day—almost five hours—before he can sort this mess out, but at least the wet squishy sensation of clay under his fingernails will help calm the roiling

Heaven Is a Place on Earth: Searching for an American Utopia

by Adrian Shirk  · 15 Mar 2022  · 358pp  · 118,810 words

“the burning of Rome, city planning, explosion of stars, a new calendar, anarchy, a New Jerusalem, repression, expansion, moneyless Eden, exaltation of pearls, a three-hour working day, exaltation of horses, infinite regress, the united nations of earth, the many, the few, Lucifer, lotus-eaters, the falling of autumn leaves, the myths of

Kiln People

by David Brin  · 15 Jan 2002  · 625pp  · 167,097 words

slanting accordion tubes, accepting pseudoflesh waste from buildings on both sides. Not all dittos go home for memory inloading at the end of a twenty-hour work day. Those made for boring, repetitive labor just toil on, fine-tuned for contentment, till they feel that special call -- beckoning them to final rest in

Little Failure: A Memoir

by Gary Shteyngart  · 7 Jan 2014

where we come from. And when summer puts an end to Oberlin and we are mostly apart, we write throughout our working days, me at an immigrant resettlement agency—$8.25 an hour—and her, for half that sum, behind the counter at an American automotive store called Pep Boys. The most beautiful collection

Bad Actors

by Mick Herron  · 9 May 2022  · 412pp  · 97,696 words

that a result.” “So it had nothing to do with your jolly at the Ivans’ HQ yesterday evening?” “. . . With my what?” “Which you left at 8:05.” “You were watching?” “Well, not personally. But I like to keep an eye on my crew’s work-life balance. And if it looks

…

to intrude on Lech’s solitude, which was all Lech had left that he considered valuable. Even this small amount of it, an hour or so after the working day, he’d sooner close his fist around and keep to himself. But Bachelor was talking. “I’m fine too. In case you were

Fifty Degrees Below

by Kim Stanley Robinson  · 25 Oct 2005  · 560pp  · 158,238 words

a great awakening, or coming into one’s own. Diane as Science, becoming self-aware. Maybe even unbound. Diane the prometheus. In the last hour of the work day Frank usually sat back in his office chair and glanced through jackets. No matter that you might be inventing a new-but-old world

Four Futures: Life After Capitalism

by Peter Frase  · 10 Mar 2015  · 121pp  · 36,908 words

in the 1930s, socialist and labor movements struggled for, and won, progressive reductions in the length of the working day as well. In the nineteenth century, the ten-hour-day movement gave way to the eight-hour-day movement. Even in the 1930s, the American Federation of Labor supported a law to reduce the work

Slow

by Brooke McAlary  · 22 Aug 2017  · 149pp  · 44,375 words

I make a cup of tea, sometimes it’s a Vinyasa that runs for 30 minutes. I often set a timer for every half hour during the work day and break up all the sitting with stretches, planks, headstands and walks around the garden. I’ll take the kids on a short bush

How to Blow Up a Pipeline

by Andreas Malm  · 4 Jan 2021  · 156pp  · 49,653 words

beyond the African American struggle. The history of working-class politics in twentieth-century western Europe serves as an illustrative example. The vote, the eight-hour working day, the rudiments of a welfare state – the progress made by the reformist labour movement would have been inconceivable without the flank to the left and

Confronting Capitalism: How the World Works and How to Change It

by Vivek Chibber  · 30 Aug 2022  · 128pp  · 41,187 words

common, since hourly wages are today the most common method of payment. This method is not to extend the working day or week, but the working hour. How can a fixed quantity of time, like an hour, be extended? Well, in the typical workplace, it is rarely the case that employees are actively working every

…

form of time for bathroom breaks, lunch, or just work pauses. The fact that there is some portion of every hour that is not delivering labor means that the actual working day is shorter than the amount of time that the employee is at work. This amounts to a gap, a hole in

…

auto industry, the shift was from a “50-minute hour” in the 1960s to something close to a “57-minute hour” by 2000. This amounts to a prolongation of the working day, even as the nominal length of the day remains the same. These examples are all ways of getting employees to work

…

getting the workers to do exactly what they were doing before, only more speedily. In the twentieth century, when the working day was mandated to have a definite limit of eight hours, the most common way of getting more work out of their employees was by this method—by getting them to work

Can Democracy Work?: A Short History of a Radical Idea, From Ancient Athens to Our World

by James Miller  · 17 Sep 2018  · 370pp  · 99,312 words

in St. Petersburg, when police fired on a peaceful demonstration. The protesters’ demands—a democratically elected constituent assembly, civil liberties for all citizens, an eight-hour working day—fell short of asking for the tsar to step down, but their implications, in the context of the country’s rigid autocracy, were explosive. In

The Dispossessed

by Ursula K. le Guin  · 30 Apr 1974  · 400pp  · 123,770 words

bond is stronger, after all, than all that tries the bond. Early in the summer PDC put up posters suggesting that people shorten their working day by an hour or so, since the protein issue at commons was now insufficient for full normal expense of energy. The exuberant activity of the city streets

Drama Queen: One Autistic Woman and a Life of Unhelpful Labels

by Sara Gibbs  · 23 Jun 2021  · 263pp  · 89,341 words

. Who would have thought that one of the biggest, longest-lasting loves of my life was absolutely right to run away from the kissy girl? 8 SHIT-STIRRER It’s been a long day at work and I am exhausted. I have reached the upper limit of my physical and mental

…

to tears from degrading coffee enemas. I would make up solutions for my dad that would cause him, already painfully underweight, to vomit for hours on end. I worked day and night, dutifully administering the doctor’s plan, coaxing horrible liquids down my dad’s throat, encouraging him to keep going. My life

The Grapes of Wrath

by John Steinbeck  · 15 Aug 2006  · 661pp  · 193,092 words

? The confidence is on me again. I can feel it. It’s stopping work that does the damage,” he admitted in Working Days on July 7, 1938. Ideally, for a few hours each day, the world Steinbeck created took precedence over the one in which he lived. Because both worlds can be considered

…

and Ma together. Lots of people walking along the roads in this season. I can hear their voices,” he wrote in Working Days on July 8. From the outset, in creating the Joad family to occupy the narrative chapters of The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck endowed his novel with a specific

…

. “John Steinbeck and The Grapes of Wrath.” Steinbeck Newsletter 2(Fall 1988), 6–8. Collins, Thomas A. “From Bringing in the Sheaves, by ‘Windsor Drake.”’ Journal of Modern Literature 5(April 1976), 211–232. DeMott, Robert. “‘Working Days and Hours’: Steinbeck’s Writing of The Grapes of Wrath.” Studies in American Fiction 18(Spring

The Euro and the Battle of Ideas

by Markus K. Brunnermeier, Harold James and Jean-Pierre Landau  · 3 Aug 2016  · 586pp  · 160,321 words

to keep Greece in the euro area. Finally, he visited Angela Merkel in Berlin. He had practiced his pitch for hours in his hotel. “I can guarantee you, we will work day and night,” Samaras said.21 This set the stage for Merkel to complete her U-turn, and she came out unambiguously

The Road to Wigan Pier

by George Orwell  · 17 Oct 1972  · 208pp  · 74,328 words

how little time they have between work and sleep. It is a great mistake to think of a miner’s working day as being only seven and a half hours. Seven and a half hours is the time spent actually on the job, but, as I have already explained, one has got to add

How Doctors Think

by Jerome Groopman  · 15 Jan 2007  · 292pp  · 94,324 words

he perceived, what it means, the possible explanations for the finding. This dual process is repeated second by second, minute by minute, hour after hour during his working day. Like primary care physicians, he risks missing something significant in the blur: a change in contour of a tissue or a variation in density

Little Brother

by Cory Doctorow  · 29 Apr 2008  · 398pp  · 120,801 words

workers and whatnot there that everyone's badges had been snarled up and swapped around. I'd read the security checks had tacked an hour onto everyone's work day, and the unions were threatening to walk out unless the hospital did something about it. A few blocks later, I saw an even

Clear and Present Danger

by Tom Clancy  · 2 Jan 1989  · 914pp  · 270,937 words

to you what that means to me. "You will then have the power to deny me a total of two and a half hours in a car every working day; the power to fire me from a difficult, stressful job that keeps me away from my family much more than I would like

The Gene Machine

by Venki Ramakrishnan

things were working and what weren’t. So when I came in the next morning, I’d have my feedback. This effectively extended our working day by about seven hours, so we were working almost around the clock. Slowly, the molecule appeared before our eyes. Initially, we could see its broad outlines – where

Belgium - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture

by Bernadett Varga  · 14 Aug 2022

., so people can get home before the evening rush hour—a rather self-defeating move, since it simply extends the rush hour. The working day at local government offices in particular starts at 8.00 a.m. and ends early. Lunch is taken with colleagues (either in or outside the office), and the cultivation

…

snacks. This is all part of building a harmonious work culture and good relationships between colleagues, and is very civilized. The school day is from 8.30 a.m. to 4.30 or 5.00 p.m., though it is possible to drop children off any time after 7.30 a

…

an appointment. In smaller towns, banks may close for an hour at lunchtime. If a holiday falls on a weekend, the nearest working day is often taken off. Outside banking hours, foreign exchange kiosks, most big hotels, and travel agents will change money. Cash dispensers/ATMs are ubiquitous in the major cities and

The Art of Computer Programming: Sorting and Searching

by Donald Ervin Knuth  · 15 Jan 1998

press, put the card into the open compartment, and close the lid. One man reportedl}* ran 19071 cards through this machine in a single 61- hour working day, an average of about 49 cards per minute! (A typical operator would work at about one-third this speed.) Fig. 94. Hollerith's original tabulating

Shoe Dog

by Phil Knight  · 25 Apr 2016  · 399pp  · 122,688 words

him unhappy. He wrote, “I’m sure you realize we don’t work quite as hard out here as you do; with only three hours in the working day it is hard to get everything done. Still, I make time to place you in all sorts of embarrassing situations with customers and the

Capitalism Without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy

by Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake  · 7 Nov 2017  · 346pp  · 89,180 words

in German hospitals, in which they had to indicate the amount of time spent on six different task areas. On average doctors spent 4.3 hours per working day with medical tasks; 2.1 hours with administrative tasks; 1.4 hours talking with patients and relatives; and 1.2 hours writing medical reports

…

. If medical tasks and patient conversations are grouped into “close-to-patient” tasks, they together took up 5.7 hours of a normal working day. If administrative tasks and the writing of medical reports are classified as “patient-distant” tasks, these together took up 3.3 hours. In

Marx: A Very Short Introduction

by Peter Singer  · 15 Mar 2000  · 109pp  · 29,486 words

more and more labour-time out of the workers, oblivious of the human costs of working seven-year-old children for fifteen hours a day. The struggle for a legally limited working day is, Marx writes, more vital to the working classes than a pompous catalogue of ‘the inalienable rights of man’ (C I

Eat – the Little Book of Fast Food

by Nigel Slater  · 25 Sep 2013  · 353pp  · 67,148 words

such recipes could be worked in order to fit in with the premise of having something good on the table within an hour or so of coming home on a working day. So here they are: a lamb dish with asparagus; a creamy, piquant chicken fricassée; a casserole of red cabbage and blue

Masters of Deception: The Gang That Ruled Cyberspace

by Michelle Slatalla and Joshua Quittner  · 15 Jan 1995

teams and teams of agents that the government had assigned to pick up Tom and Fred's original investigation. Rick Harris had to work twenty-hour work days to supervise the government operation, but since he came from a long line of volunteer firefighters, he jumped to the call. It was in his

Value of Everything: An Antidote to Chaos The

by Mariana Mazzucato  · 25 Apr 2018  · 457pp  · 125,329 words

a better economy by understanding that markets are outcomes of decisions that are made - in business, in public organizations and in civil society. The eight-hour working day has formed markets - and that was the result of a fight held in labour organizations. And perhaps the reason there is so much despair across

How to Stop Worrying and Start Living

by Dale Carnegie  · 17 May 2009

of your worries. 6. Tells you how to turn criticism to your advantage. 7. Shows how the housewife can avoid fatigue and keep looking young. 8. Gives four working habits that will help prevent fatigue and worry. 9. Tells you how to add one hour a day to your working life

…

up this programme for about three months. I had broken the habit of worry by that time, so I returned to a normal working day of seven or eight hours. This event occurred eighteen years ago. I have never been troubled with insomnia or worry since then." George Bernard Shaw was right. He

Nomads: The Wanderers Who Shaped Our World

by Anthony Sattin  · 25 May 2022  · 412pp  · 121,164 words

to the sun. In the French village where I have been writing some of these pages, the church clock chimes each quarter of an hour. During the working day, that same clock chimes a second time two or three minutes later to be sure that we have all noted the passage of time

Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence

by Kristen R. Ghodsee  · 20 Nov 2018  · 211pp  · 57,759 words

state responsibilities toward women workers. Under the title “Social Protection and Provision for Motherhood and Infants,” the women of the Second International demanded an eight-hour working day. They proposed that pregnant women stop working (without previous notice) for eight weeks prior to the expected delivery date, and that women be granted a

…

; b) to prepare young men for the performance of household duties from childhood and adolescence both by the school and society and by the family.”8 In the pages of the Bulgarian women’s magazine The Woman Today, editors published articles about men doing their fair share of the housework and

The Soul of Wealth

by Daniel Crosby  · 19 Sep 2024  · 229pp  · 73,085 words

to a report from the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, college grads today are on track to earn a median of $2.8 million over their careers, compared to $1.6 million for those who only have a high school diploma.12 Owning an undergraduate degree also betters

…

: Know the value of your time: If you make $100,000 per year, that’s $1,923 per week, roughly $400 per working day, and call it $50 per hour. Try halving that number to estimate the worth of your leisure time. Is it a good deal to pay someone $25 per hour

Made to Break: Technology and Obsolescence in America

by Giles Slade  · 14 Apr 2006  · 384pp  · 89,250 words

-cooling mechanism of levers, joints and complicated controls with a maximum life of about three score years and ten, an average effici nt working day of eight to twelve hours, an intermittent power production of one-tenth of one horsepower, and certain vernal vagaries for which there was no adequate explanation in the

The Ministry for the Future: A Novel

by Kim Stanley Robinson  · 5 Oct 2020  · 583pp  · 182,990 words

kilometers without food or even hats to cover our heads. On the other hand if we stayed we got fed. Two meals a day, ten-hour work day, Sundays off. Hurt bad enough and you could go to the clinic and nurse would look at you, maybe a doctor if it bad enough

On Her Majesty's Nuclear Service

by Eric Thompson  · 18 Apr 2018  · 379pp  · 118,576 words

’ve treated it as if he went down the road to buy a hot dog made from an English sausage. Journal: ‘I have a fifteen-hour working day. In the remaining nine I have to sleep, keep a night watch, do personal maintenance and write up my journal. I even have to scribble

Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class

by Owen Jones  · 14 Jul 2011  · 317pp  · 101,475 words

by the ever-diminishing band of 'One Nation' Tories as their founding father. His government introduced limited progressive measures such as reducing the maximum working day to ten hours and banning children from working full-time. His calculation was that it would 'gain and retain for the Conservatives the lasting affection of the

Live and Let Spy: BRIXMIS - the Last Cold War Mission

by Steve Gibson  · 2 Mar 2012  · 377pp  · 121,996 words

their staff was sometimes augmented to cope with the load. None of the tourers had any sympathy as we quite often worked day and night for three or more forty-eight-hour periods in a row with snatched periods of rest and sometimes none at all. They were working in the warm and

Same as Ever: A Guide to What Never Changes

by Morgan Housel  · 7 Nov 2023  · 210pp  · 53,743 words

help tackle your biggest work problems. It’s just hard to do that because we’re set on the idea that a typical work day should be eight uninterrupted hours seated at your desk. Tell your boss you found a trick that will make you more creative and productive, and she’ll ask

A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet

by Raj Patel and Jason W. Moore  · 16 Oct 2017  · 335pp  · 89,924 words

owner, John D. Rockefeller Jr., led to congressional investigation and, fueled by further union organization, restrictions on child labor and the introduction of the eight-hour working day.73 Timothy Mitchell points out that the labor politics of carbon had a profound impact on the twentieth century. Set aside the discussion of whether

The end of history and the last man

by Francis Fukuyama  · 28 Feb 2006  · 446pp  · 578 words

as its basis. The shortening of the working day is its basic prerequisite.11 The Marxist realm of freedom is, in effect, the four-hour working day: that is, a society so productive that man’s labor in the morning can satisfy all of his natural needs and those of his family

A Year of Living Danishly: My Twelve Months Unearthing the Secrets of the World's Happiest Country

by Helen Russell  · 14 Sep 2015  · 322pp  · 99,918 words

on the beach. And because we’re so far north it’s light until past 11pm, so there are a good seven hours of sun at the end of the working day. Our quiet beachside village is now bustling with barbecuers, swimmers, canoeists and sailors fitting in a second shift of leisure after

Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness

by Frederic Laloux and Ken Wilber  · 9 Feb 2014  · 436pp  · 141,321 words

down and honor silence in the middle of the noise and buzz of the work place. At Sounds True, a bell rings every day at 8:30 a.m. Employees can join a 15-minute group meditation or simply sit in silence at their desk for those minutes. At Heiligenfeld all

…

and want to do a good job. At FAVI and at Sun Hydraulics, people stopped clocking in and out, and no one controls working hours. The working day is still divided into shifts, which is roughly the time colleagues are expected to spend on the shop floor, but it happens that operators stay

Great Continental Railway Journeys

by Michael Portillo  · 21 Oct 2015

drove the first train on 7 December 1835. Stephenson had guaranteed Wilson’s services to the Bavarians for eight months, stipulating for him a 12-hour working day. But when the contract finished Wilson showed no signs of wanting to return home. He had achieved a hero’s status in Nuremberg for his

Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (And Why We Don't Talk About It)

by Elizabeth S. Anderson  · 22 May 2017  · 205pp  · 58,054 words

Revolution meant they could not be their own bosses at work, at least they could try to limit the length of the working day so that they would have some hours during which they could choose for themselves, rather than follow someone else’s orders.31 That was an immediate aim of European

…

123, no. 6 (2015): 1227–77. 7. See Harvey Silvergate, Three Felonies a Day: How the Feds Target the Innocent (New York: Encounter Books, 2011). 8. On some of these mechanisms, see Richard B. Freeman, Douglas Kruse, and Joseph Blasi, “Monitoring Colleagues at Work: Profit Sharing, Employee Ownership, Broad-Based Stock

In Defense of Global Capitalism

by Johan Norberg  · 1 Jan 2001  · 233pp  · 75,712 words

. In that case Britain and France would have noted that Swedish wages were only a fraction of theirs, that Sweden had a 12-or 13-hour working day and a six-day week, and that Swedes were chronically undernourished. Child labor was widespread in spinning mills, glassworks, and match and tobacco factories: one

Mythology of Work: How Capitalism Persists Despite Itself

by Peter Fleming  · 14 Jun 2015  · 320pp  · 86,372 words

been stated that almost half of working people are economically insecure in Western capitalist societies. In the large cities of the world, the first hour of the working day is simply paying for that day’s commute. All of this might sound like a banal fact, but it is actually quite shocking since

…

to five is indeed a relic of the past. Today the average worker checks their work email at 7.42am, gets to the office at 8.18am and leaves at 7.19pm … A government survey found that 4.5 million people would like to work from home one day a week

…

in its ineptitude. Most importantly, the tagged worker experiences work time in a very different manner. Kamp puts it perfectly: The ‘normal working day’ is gradually being effaced … in reality, working hours are no longer defined by actual work time spent but by the nature of the assignment, by solution strategies, and by the

The Automatic Millionaire, Expanded and Updated: A Powerful One-Step Plan to Live and Finish Rich

by David Bach  · 27 Dec 2016  · 201pp  · 62,593 words

you’re over 50, the maximum is $6,500.) This works out to just $458 a month, or about $21 a working day. Unless you make less than $21 an hour, there’s no reason you shouldn’t max out your contributions. Remember, you are now supposed to be working at least one

Endurance: A Year in Space, a Lifetime of Discovery

by Scott Kelly and Margaret Lazarus Dean  · 14 Aug 2017  · 411pp  · 140,110 words

, can you tell us how long it was on?” “Less than half a second,” Kjell says. He sounds dejected. We’ve already spent hours today—and entire working days over the past two weeks—getting ready for this spacewalk. We do not want to have to start all over, not to mention the

The Classical School

by Callum Williams  · 19 May 2020  · 288pp  · 89,781 words

, Engels grudgingly acknowledges that much of New Lanark worked pretty well. “Whilst his [Owen’s] competitors worked their people 13 or 14 hours a day, in New Lanark the working-day was only 10 and a half hours,” he says. Owen introduced infant schools; the children “enjoyed themselves so much that they could scarcely

Visions of Inequality: From the French Revolution to the End of the Cold War

by Branko Milanovic  · 9 Oct 2023

and pro-labor legislation has been the experience of Western European economies, not only in Kuznets’s time but also earlier. Limits were placed on working days and hours, factory legislation was intro duced in the second half of the nineteenth century in England, and social insurance was enacted in Bismarck’s Germany

They All Came to Barneys: A Personal History of the World's Greatest Store

by Gene Pressman  · 2 Sep 2025  · 313pp  · 107,586 words

Work Today,” they read in all caps, promising “You’ll save more money than you could make” at Barneys’ five-day warehouse sale from September 8 through 12. From 9:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m., customers flooded the scene, snapping up bargains of 50 percent off or more

…

is Tina Turner having lunch with les petits mains of the atelier,” Farida, one of his muses, later remembered. There were no working hours at chez Alaïa; he worked day and night. “Come to work at nine o’clock in the morning, at midnight, you’re still there, and at four o’clock

…

few magazines noted, to the competition. And it worked. On a Saturday morning not long after we opened, two hundred shoppers were lined up by 8:45 a.m., the gossip columnist Suzy reported. Before the day was done, Winona Ryder, Rosanna Arquette, Heather Locklear, Harry Hamlin, and Donald Sutherland had

Failed State: The Sunday Times Bestselling Investigation Into Why Britain Is Struggling

by Sam Freedman  · 10 Jul 2024  · 368pp  · 101,133 words

’s greater distance from trade unions by banning his MPs from taking up sponsorship.13 At the same time, House of Commons’ hours started to shift closer to the normal working day. Up to the mid-1990s business began at 2:30 in the afternoon every day, which allowed MPs to spend much

On the Slow Train: Twelve Great British Railway Journeys

by Michael Williams  · 1 Apr 2010  · 216pp  · 69,790 words

on spiritual grounds. NLR staff rarely went to church themselves but took the opportunity for a rare decent lunch in what was often a sixteen-hour working day. John Betjeman recalls that the general manager of the line refused to allow WH Smith’s bookstalls on the line to sell any papers which

The Perfect Storm: A True Story of Men Against the Sea

by Sebastian Junger  · 30 Sep 1999

like it—brutal as it is, you just might like it.'" Ethel has worked in the Crow's Nest since 1980. She gets there at 8:30 Tuesday morning, works until 4:30 and then often sits and has a few rum-and-cokes. She does that four days a week

…

other afterward to discuss its finer points. By then most of the crew has already turned in—they're into a stretch of twenty twenty-hour work days, and sleep becomes as coveted as cigarettes. The bunks are bolted against the tapered sides of the bow, and the men fall asleep listening to

Good Money: Birmingham Button Makers, the Royal Mint, and the Beginnings of Modern Coinage, 1775-1821

by George Anthony Selgin  · 13 Jul 2008  · 386pp

officials considered two and one-half hundredweight of regal halfpennies (or, using the standard of forty-six halfpennies per pound avoirdupois and assuming a ten-hour working day, just shy of twenty-one and one-half coins per minute) "a good Days work" for one of their manual press teams (MBP 303/57

The Divided Nation: A History of Germany, 1918-1990

by Mary Fulbrook  · 14 Oct 1991  · 934pp  · 135,736 words

Works Councils) in enterprises with more than fifty employees, to ensure discussion between employers and employees over conditions of work; the limitation of the working day to eight hours; and the institution of a 'Central Committee' (Zentralausschuss) made up of representatives of the unions and the employers to regulate not only the more

When Computers Can Think: The Artificial Intelligence Singularity

by Anthony Berglas, William Black, Samantha Thalind, Max Scratchmann and Michelle Estes  · 28 Feb 2015

far, far more than the very substantial general increase in productivity during the last hundred years. Yet, rather than producing more leisure, it produced twelve-hour work-days for six and a half days per week, which paid such a miserable wage that it could barely sustain life. People had been malnourished before

Ten Lessons for a Post-Pandemic World

by Fareed Zakaria  · 5 Oct 2020  · 289pp  · 86,165 words

Call for Shorter Work Week,” New Europe, January 2, 2020, https://www.neweurope.eu/article/finnish-pm-marin-calls-for-4-day-week-and-6-hours-working-day-in-the-country/. 114 “bullshit jobs”: David Graeber, Bullshit Jobs: A Theory (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018). 115 “slaves of time without purpose”: McEwan, Machines

Topics in Market Microstructure

by Ilija I. Zovko  · 1 Nov 2008  · 119pp  · 10,356 words

less liquid stocks N ∼ 40. For the off-book market, the numbers are 1.5 to 2 times larger. The number of hourly intervals depends on the number of working days in a month, and is around T = 7 × 20 = 140. Given the monthly strategy matrices M we then construct the N ×N

Making Work Visible: Exposing Time Theft to Optimize Workflow

by Dominica Degrandis and Tonianne Demaria  · 14 May 2017  · 153pp  · 45,721 words

’s Law: work expands to fill the time available for its completion. Let’s be honest—when was the last time you completed quality work days or even hours ahead of deadline? You’re not alone. It seems we’re constantly doing, but doing what exactly? Why are our weeks filled with days

…

Motivates Us, (New York: Riverhead Books, 2011), 3. 5. “The Hounds of Baskerville,” Sherlock, directed by Paul McGuigan, written by Mark Gatiss, aired on January 8, 2012, on BBC. 6. David Rock, Your Brain at Work: Strategies for Overcoming Distraction, Regaining Focus, and Working Smarter All Day Long, (New York: Harper

Starbucked: A Double Tall Tale of Caffeine, Commerce, and Culture

by Taylor Clark  · 5 Nov 2007  · 304pp  · 96,930 words

the bad kind. Since no one else could possibly carry out his exacting standards without fail, Peet put in an endless string of fifteen-hour, micromanagement-filled work days. His daily shouting matches with his employees made many of them quit in frustration. In the few scattered cafés of the midsixties, such behavior

Leaving Microsoft to Change the World: An Entrepreneur's Odyssey to Educate the World's Children

by John Wood  · 28 Aug 2006  · 310pp  · 91,151 words

, or a school teacher, to raise funds to help us to get more schools and libraries built. All of them can sneak in an hour during their work day or work at night or weekends to plan fund-raising events or campaigns. For example, a group of volunteers here in San Francisco threw

The Swerve: How the Renaissance Began

by Stephen Greenblatt  · 31 Aug 2011  · 408pp  · 114,719 words

is a visionary, detailed blueprint for this application, from public housing to universal health care, from child care centers to religious toleration to the six-hour work day. The point of More’s celebrated fable is to imagine those conditions that would make it possible for an entire society to make the pursuit

The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans

by David Abulafia  · 2 Oct 2019  · 1,993pp  · 478,072 words

was impossible to squeeze any useful information out of them; and the tedium of life along the hot and humid riverbank, with a working day of up to fifteen hours, was eased by trips up and down the river to nearby pleasure gardens, and even, in the early nineteenth century, by yacht races

Growth: A Reckoning

by Daniel Susskind  · 16 Apr 2024  · 358pp  · 109,930 words

– never mind 1800. And Clark, looking across a variety of similar studies, found much the same: that hunter-gatherers, liberated from long working days, took about 1,000 more hours of leisure a year, on average, than working men in the UK today.27 Most people associate the passing of time with progress

…

proposal that they recognize could work in theory. ‘Taxing a ton of carbon at anything from $100 to $5,000 by 2030 compared to just $8 today,’ they say, ‘would practically prohibit oil and coal.’ Yet they go on to dismiss such an intervention, despite its theoretical appeal, on practical

23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism

by Ha-Joon Chang  · 1 Jan 2010  · 365pp  · 88,125 words

1905, to be more precise), it was a country in which the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a New York state law limiting the working days of bakers to ten hours, on the grounds that it ‘deprived the baker of the liberty of working as long as he wished’. Thus seen, the debate

…

two, for the delivery of your new sofa and probably also have to take a day off work because they will only deliver ‘sometime between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.’; you spend much more time than before driving to the new supermarket and walking through the now longer

Norman Foster: A Life in Architecture

by Deyan Sudjic  · 1 Sep 2010

Rudolph’s habit of coming in unannounced for impromptu midnight tutorials. It was a pattern that was to set the pace for the twenty-four-hour working day at the Foster studio in Battersea, which never closes. Every chance they got between the punishing schedule of design projects, round-the-clock work and

Sugar: A Bittersweet History

by Elizabeth Abbott  · 14 Sep 2011  · 522pp  · 144,511 words

have managed to win exemption from some labor regulations, notably the obligation to pay overtime wages. No matter how long their work day, beet workers average $5.15 to $7.50 an hour, cane workers about $6.00. Growers also lobbied successfully to exempt sugar workers from the Reagan administration’s 1986 temporary

One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility

by Zack Furness and Zachary Mooradian Furness  · 28 Mar 2010  · 532pp  · 155,470 words

found 509 bike riders versus 400 cars, 43 taxis, and 30 transit vehicles. Two months prior, bicycles outnumber cars 2:1 during morning rush hour on Bike-to-Work Day. See Michael Cabanatuan, “Bay area Commuters Moving Beyond Cars,” San Francisco Chronicle, august 25, 2008; San Francisco Bicycle Coalition, “Twice as Many

How to Be a Liberal: The Story of Liberalism and the Fight for Its Life

by Ian Dunt  · 15 Oct 2020

takes place.’ The state was also required to protect collective decision making, for instance where workers grouped together to demand a limitation of the working day to nine hours. This should be established in law to give force to the decision. Scientific research would also often require government funding. And there was one

…

of torture was sleep deprivation, which could last for days or weeks, until sanity snapped. In January 1938 the population of the camps was 1.8 million. Inmates did every kind of work imaginable – mining gold, nickel and coal, logging, building roads, canals, airports, and housing, making weapons, military aircraft, chemicals

Time of the Magicians: Wittgenstein, Benjamin, Cassirer, Heidegger, and the Decade That Reinvented Philosophy

by Wolfram Eilenberger  · 14 Sep 2020

thus also give the younger generation—such as yourself—an example and inspiration of dutiful self-sacrifice. Today I myself will speak about the eight-hour working day, peace among nations, and the unemployment benefit.44 Shortly before the end, only sarcasm helped. And the end, teacher Ludwig Wittgenstein felt more clearly than

Ghettoside: A True Story of Murder in America

by Jill Leovy  · 27 Jan 2015  · 388pp  · 119,492 words

sought out confidants in the command ranks—trying to find anyone who knew Skaggs. Everyone who did told Prideaux the same thing: Skaggs works insane hours. He works days off and weekends. He solves all his cases. And he will cost you a fortune in overtime. Prideaux and Skaggs never grew to know

Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences

by Edward Tenner  · 1 Sep 1997

prefer whirring around the clock to starting up and shutting down. In fact, many computer specialists favor never turning a computer off during the working day, or even after hours. At least one laser printer is now sold without an on/off switch; instead, after a certain period in idleness it automatically goes

Midnight in Vehicle City: General Motors, Flint, and the Strike That Created the Middle Class

by Edward McClelland  · 2 Feb 2021  · 264pp  · 74,785 words

to the New York Times in support of a wagon drivers’ strike: “That any group of men should be obliged to strike for an eleven-hour work day in this enlightened age, when the eight-hour day is already established as the attainable standard, seems to us to indicate that in the cause

…

Devitt, Joe, 36, 51 Dewey, James Frank, 99, 172 Dodge Main, Hamtramck, Michigan, 179 Dremon, Leo, 146 Durant, William Crapo, 1–3, 129–30 eight-hour work-day standard, 21, 109, 115 Emory, Mr., 146 Estrada, Cynthia, 189 families of strikers: dependence on GM, 29; importance of strike to, 54, 65, 59, 92

…

unions, 1936, 19; and anti-union legislation, 191; conditions at the start of the New Deal, 115; earliest Flint unions, 4–5; early autoworker strikes, 8; early labor strikes, 15; and the eight-hour workday, 21, 109, 115; elections, demand for secret ballot, 70; and Flint union membership, 1935, 17; foreign

The Problem With Work: Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries

by Kathi Weeks  · 8 Sep 2011  · 350pp  · 110,764 words

rather extravagant refusal to rehabilitate nonwork by recourse to productivist values. He disdains the “capitalist creed of usefulness” and claims that once the working day is reduced to three hours, workers can begin “to practice the virtues of laziness” (41, 32). Certainly his passionate tribute to “O, Laziness, mother of the arts and

…

and provocation. As an example, one of the arguably most successful strategies employed in previous movements was to demand limits on the working day for women on the ground that long hours threatened their health. Once achieved, the precedent could then be used to secure the reduction of men’s hours. One can

…

approach (others of which will be discussed below), it is limited in one respect: the analysis does not attend adequately to the entire working day. As a result, shorter hours of waged work may lead to a reduction in total working hours for men, but not always for women. If in the period

…

issue around which different groups could find common cause. As David Roediger and Philip Foner observe in their history of US labor and the working day, “reduction of hours became an explosive demand partly because of its unique capacity to unify workers across the lines of craft, race, sex, skill, age, and ethnicity

Effective Programming: More Than Writing Code

by Jeff Atwood  · 3 Jul 2012  · 270pp  · 64,235 words

lead one to wonder why we even have meetings at all. At GitHub we don’t have meetings. We don’t have set work hours or even work days. We don’t keep track of vacation or sick days. We don’t have managers or an org chart. We don’t have a

…

. (Keep going if you’re either crazy, or working for the NSA.) Now we’re down to a semi-reasonable 117 days to generate all 8 character MD5s. But perhaps this is a worst-case scenario, as a lot of passwords have no special characters. How about if we try the

The Relentless Revolution: A History of Capitalism

by Joyce Appleby  · 22 Dec 2009  · 540pp  · 168,921 words

government would be confined to the administration of things, not the rule of people. These theories became the organizing principles behind proselytizing efforts. Working days of ten or twelve hours in six-day weeks at factories hazardous to health made men and women receptive to organizers. Campaigning for the eight-hour day came

The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World

by Niall Ferguson  · 13 Nov 2007  · 471pp  · 124,585 words

must be put back in its place’, as the German president recently complained,31 financial markets are like the mirror of mankind, revealing every hour of every working day the way we value ourselves and the resources of the world around us. It is not the fault of the mirror if it reflects

Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work

by Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams  · 1 Oct 2015  · 357pp  · 95,986 words

to his entire postcapitalist vision, arguing that it represented a ‘basic prerequisite’ to reaching ‘the realm of freedom’.65 But such visions of a three-hour work day have disappeared. The near century-long push for shorter working hours ended abruptly during the Great Depression, when business opinion and government policy decided to

…

.org. 86.Will Dahlgreen, ‘Introduce a Four Day Week, Say Public’, YouGov, 16 April 2014, at yougov.co.uk. 87.Schor, ‘Triple Dividend’, p. 8. 88.Anna Coote, ‘Introduction: A New Economics of Work and Time’, in Coote and Franklin, Time on Our Side, p. xxi; Hayden, ‘Patterns and Purpose

Two Nations, Indivisible: A History of Inequality in America: A History of Inequality in America

by Jamie Bronstein  · 29 Oct 2016  · 332pp  · 89,668 words

regulation in every piece of legislation.29 In Lochner v. New York (1905), a majority of justices struck down a law that set maximum hours for bakers’ work days; they argued that such a law would deprive workers of the freedom of contract. In his dissent, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes argued that

Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions

by Dan Ariely  · 19 Feb 2007  · 383pp  · 108,266 words

many of us suffer from an unhealthy attachment to it. A recent Australian report found that workers spent an average of 14.5 hours, or more than two working days a week, checking, reading, arranging, deleting, and responding to e-mail.27 Add to this the rise of social networks and news groups

Let them eat junk: how capitalism creates hunger and obesity

by Robert Albritton  · 31 Mar 2009  · 273pp  · 93,419 words

we find that where there are no legal constraints and where workers are plentiful, capital is prodigal in using them up. Working days of 15–16 hours with only a half-hour break were common once gas lighting made it possible for factories to operate at night.23 Referring to the nineteenthcentury lace trade

Why We Can't Afford the Rich

by Andrew Sayer  · 6 Nov 2014  · 504pp  · 143,303 words

that used to offer it as treatment for impotence are now providing it to traders wanting to stay aggressive, confident and decisive throughout their 12-hour working days.102 This of course makes them even more likely to take extreme risks and act irresponsibly and unethically. Worrying about ethics and wider consequences would

…

of those who worked to sustain them. They are grotesquely out of proportion with what one household working on its own could develop and manage.8 Owners and CEOs of contemporary firms are similarly wont to claim responsibility for what their workers have done. Today the vertical class relations of ‘upstairs

Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural History of Markets

by John McMillan  · 1 Jan 2002  · 350pp  · 103,988 words

people to keep their word. SIX To the Best Bidder While Tokyo sleeps, the fish market at Tsukiji is buzzing. Starting in the early hours of each working day, seafood fetching around $25 million is auctioned. Tsukiji is not set up for tourists—you have to take care to avoid being run over

The Making of Modern Britain

by Andrew Marr  · 16 May 2007  · 618pp  · 180,430 words

seems unlikely. The demands of most trade union members were straightforward and modest – another penny or two on the hourly rate, fair differentials, an eight-hour working day, free school meals for their children and a meagre but guaranteed old-age pension. From the first days of Labour MPs, trade union sponsorship had

Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government

by Robert Higgs and Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr.  · 15 Jan 1987

paid employees, thereby effectuating the Director-General's personal conception of distributive justice at the expense of shippers and taxpayers. McAdoo also established the eight-hour working day, with time-and-a-half rates of pay for overtime work, for some railroad workers who had not previously enjoyed these terms of employment. 68

Red Rabbit

by Tom Clancy and Scott Brick  · 2 Jan 2002

hated, it was this routine. If only he'd been able to persuade Cathy to buy a flat in London, then every work day would have been a good two hours shorter—but, no, Cathy wanted green stuff around for the kids to play on. And soon they wouldn't see the sun

This Is Going to Hurt: Secret Diaries of a Junior Doctor - the Sunday Times Bestseller

by Adam Kay  · 6 Sep 2017  · 208pp  · 65,733 words

down every pronouncement from your seniors – book an MRI, refer to rheumatology, arrange an ECG. Then you spend the rest of your working day (plus generally a further unpaid four hours) completing these dozens, sometimes hundreds of tasks – filling in forms, making phone calls. Essentially, you’re a glorified PA. Not really what

…

to learn how to make a decision, but also ensure I made the right one. You decide to pick up the forceps. Turn here. Monday, 8 August 2005 First week working on labour ward. Called in by the midwife because patient DH was feeling unwell shortly after delivering a healthy baby

How to Work Without Losing Your Mind

by Cate Sevilla  · 14 Jan 2021

the lockdown, ‘Both employed and unemployed mothers are typically spending around six hours providing childcare and home schooling every working day. By contrast, the average father at home is only spending a little over four hours on childcare and home schooling each working day, regardless of his employment status.’14 Basically, regardless of salary or whatever

…

the same level of consistency as their male colleagues, because when women turn up to do a day’s work, they’re already two hours into their working day: They’re getting the kids up, making breakfast, getting bags ready, sorting uniforms, checking the calendar to make sure there are no after school

The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich

by Daniel Ammann  · 12 Oct 2009  · 479pp  · 102,876 words

documents they needed to send to the United States in a jet that Rich had chartered especially for the purpose. “We worked day and night,” one of them told me, “fourteen, fifteen hours per day.” Four of the five founding partners were present—Marc Rich, Pinky Green, Alec Hackel, and John Trafford—as

The Big Oyster

by Mark Kurlansky  · 20 Dec 2006

City pay their shuckers $1.00 for every thousand oysters opened. If we assume that this shucker could keep this record up for a working day of 10 hours, he would earn about $14.00, and if he worked six days a week, he would earn $84.00 per week, and the

Do Nothing: How to Break Away From Overworking, Overdoing, and Underliving

by Celeste Headlee  · 10 Mar 2020  · 246pp  · 74,404 words

our lives in the twenty-first century? I didn’t see the connection until I began to learn about the battles over hours and the accepted definition of a “reasonable” working day. Before the nineteenth century, people worked an average of six to eight hours a day and enjoyed dozens of days off

…

about forty minutes longer than women every week. If you include in your calculation only people working full-time, men work about 8.2 hours per day versus 7.8 for women, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor. Keep in mind, though, that men are more likely to

…

waking hours. Here’s what those schedules look like: Gym Days 7:00—wake/take care of the dog/dress 7:30—walk the dog 8:30—gym 9:30—shower 9:45—meditate 10:00—email and social media 10:30—write/work 12:30—lunch 1:00—short walk

…

25, 2013, psmag.com. “buying time promotes happiness”: Ashley V. Whillans et al., “Buying Time Promotes Happiness,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, August 8, 2017. “We know from our experience”: Ford, “Why I Favor Five Days’ Work with Six Days’ Pay.” “General recognition of this fact”: C. Northcote Parkinson

Next Stop Execution: The Autobiography of Oleg Gordievsky

by Oleg Gordievsky  · 13 Apr 2015  · 438pp  · 146,246 words

used to capacity, with everybody, pupils and staff alike, working in two shifts. The first started at 8.30 a.m., and the second at 2.30 p.m., each working day being of six hours, with short breaks between periods. There was a small canteen, and some boys had a few kopeks with

The Spirit of ST Louis

by Charles A. Lindbergh  · 2 Jan 1953

hours more, if the wind holds and I'm not too far off course, I should strike the Irish coast. Eight hours isn't such a long flight -- only one working day -- only a little longer than the trip between St. Louis and New York. And then, in another six hundred miles, I

Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science

by Michael Nielsen  · 2 Oct 2011  · 400pp  · 94,847 words

but daunting resource. Classifying the first 50,000 galaxies had involved a heroic weeklong effort by Schawinski—to classify 50,000 galaxies over seven 12-hour working days requires classifying an image every six seconds! Even at that tremendous pace, it would take many months to classify 930,000 galaxies. And there’s

Things That Matter: Overcoming Distraction to Pursue a More Meaningful Life

by Joshua Becker  · 19 Apr 2022  · 215pp  · 62,479 words

, 40 percent of the time when workers “call in sick,” they’re faking.[3] The average American spends nearly two hundred hours a year—the equivalent of twenty-five working days!—daydreaming about vacations.[4] But there’s an irony here. We’re so devoted to our work that it impinges on our

Numbers Don't Lie: 71 Stories to Help Us Understand the Modern World

by Vaclav Smil  · 4 May 2021  · 252pp  · 60,959 words

unprecedented wages for unskilled assembly labor assured uninterrupted production. In 1914 the rate was more than doubled, to $5 a day, and the working day was reduced to eight hours. The outcome was impressive. The Ford Motor Company produced 15 percent of all US cars in 1908, 48 percent in 1914, and 57

The Mathematics of Banking and Finance

by Dennis W. Cox and Michael A. A. Cox  · 30 Apr 2006  · 312pp  · 35,664 words

analysis is the impact on the business of a unitary increase in a key variable. Such a variable might be processing volumes, hours lost due to illness, number of working days in a month or a change to an interest rate. Credit card losses (see Table 29.1) are one of the most

The Trade Lifecycle: Behind the Scenes of the Trading Process (The Wiley Finance Series)

by Robert P. Baker  · 4 Oct 2015

This may seem a long trading day, especially as the traders did not work shifts and each one covered the full working day, but it was common for them to work such hours. In fact, on more than one occasion the head trader worked through the night trading foreign exchange 242 THE TRADE LIFECYCLE

And Away...

by Bob Mortimer  · 15 Sep 2021  · 261pp  · 87,663 words

of weeks until I found somewhere to live. He kindly agreed. The daily commute to Camberwell took well over an hour, making it an eleven-hour working day. I must admit it did feel very grown up and cosmopolitan to be commuting on the London Underground. With my shitty little grey BHS suit

Shorter: Work Better, Smarter, and Less Here's How

by Alex Soojung-Kim Pang  · 10 Mar 2020  · 257pp  · 76,785 words

63,641 hours. That’s an efficiency factor of 1.40. If you look at the industry average, they work 8 hours and bill 7.36 hours. In our 6-hour work days, we bill 8.40 hours. You’re probably thinking we’re overpaid,” getting 40 hours’ pay for 32 hours’ work, “but we

…

’re just very efficient. So we can bill 1.04 hours more in a 6-hour work day than they do in 8 hours. That’s fourteen percent better. Naturally, we are very happy with that.” Other companies continue to use their existing tools to measure

…

get the same or better productivity in a shorter work day, I’d attribute that to people being motivated by the shorter work day. If we go back to our old hours, then where’s the motivation to maintain or improve?” Like with any other experiment, there’s always the chance that a

…

News, April 5, 2018, www.mcknights.com/daily-editors-notes/aid-for-aides-40-hours-pay-for-30-hours-work; Lois A. Bowers, “CCRC Tests 8-Hour Pay for 6-Hour Day,” McKnight’s Senior Living, April 3, 2018, www.mcknightsseniorliving.com/home/news/ccrc-tests

…

-pay-for-6-hour-day. Emilie Telander is quoted in Maddy Savage, “What Really Happened When Swedes Tried Six-Hour Days?” BBC News, February 8, 2017, www.bbc.com/news/business-38843341. On law firms, flexible work, and retention, see Cynthia Thomas Calvert et al., Reduced Hours, Full Success: Part-

…

. Maria Bråth is quoted in David Crouch, “Efficiency Up, Turnover Down: Sweden Experiments with Six-Hour Working Day,” Guardian, September 17, 2015, www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/17/efficiency-up-turnover-down-sweden-experiments-with-six-hour-working-day. Iain Tate is quoted in Patrick Coffee, “W+K London Experiments with Forcing Employees Not to

…

, www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201807/16/WS5b4c7373a310796df4df6b95.html; Richard Macauley, “China Wants a 4.5-Day Work Week—To Boost Its Economy,” Quartz, December 8, 2015, https://qz.com/568349/china-wants-a-4-5-day-work-week-to-boost-its-economy; “Is the Four-Day Workweek Proposal Feasible? The

Worn: A People's History of Clothing

by Sofi Thanhauser  · 25 Jan 2022  · 592pp  · 133,460 words

moneylenders at monthly interest rates as high as 40 percent. During the height of an export season, on the other hand, the working day can last as long as twenty hours. From the dyer’s, Sivanpillai and I snaked the white Maruti Suzuki through a warren of one-story warehouses, until we arrived

The Future of Money

by Bernard Lietaer  · 28 Apr 2013

money to match their longevity? 2. Information Revolution Two hundred years ago, Benjamin Franklin claimed that if everyone were to work productively, the working day would need be only five hours. Sixty years ago, Bertrand Russell, the English philosopher, and Lewis Mumford, an American authority on culture, both estimated that a 20-hour

The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

by George Packer  · 4 Mar 2014  · 559pp  · 169,094 words

space would no longer be barriers to communication, income inequality would shrink, and computers would set people free: “There will be only four work days a week of seven hours per day. The year will be comprised of 39 work weeks and 13 weeks of vacation … All this within a single generation.” The

Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future

by Paul Mason  · 29 Jul 2015  · 378pp  · 110,518 words

through coercion and is re-created every day by laws, regulations, prohibitions, fines and the fear of unemployment. At the dawn of capitalism, average working days of fourteen hours or more were imposed – not just on adults but on children as young as eight. A rigid system of timekeeping was implemented: rationed toilet

…

peasants. There had then been a 100-year-long transition period during which the need for work was progressively eroded, by shortening the compulsory working day from six hours to zero. To anybody with a knowledge of orthodox Marxism, it is easy to read between the lines of Red Star. Bogdanov was using

Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

by Jerry Kaplan  · 3 Aug 2015  · 237pp  · 64,411 words

in hours to a ten-hour workday.22 The federal government first got involved in 1916 with the Adamson Act, which set the standard work-day as eight hours, but only for railroad workers. By 1937, this shortened workday became part of the Fair Labor Standards Act.23 While this trend toward fewer

The Gig Economy: The Complete Guide to Getting Better Work, Taking More Time Off, and Financing the Life You Want

by Diane Mulcahy  · 8 Nov 2016  · 229pp  · 61,482 words

teacher, she was used to selling her entire day to her employer and believed that a hardworking and “good” employee worked on-site at least 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. When Emily left teaching, she started working several part-time gigs as a research assistant and book publicist. She

…

$1,000 per week, or around $25 per hour. In this example, a new pair of $200 shoes costs us the equivalent of an eight-hour working day. Most of us, though, don’t make the calculations to link our time to the time it costs to pay for the stuff so we

…

, in which meetings and phone calls take place throughout the day. Following is an example of what a Manager’s Schedule calendar can look like.8 In a Manager’s Schedule, workdays are double booked and chopped into intervals of an hour or half-hour. Some jobs are largely Manager’s

…

workday schedule or evening and weekend time. Instead, to make the time to study, they came into the office from 5:30 a.m. to 8 a.m. each morning. They kept up this routine over several months. There’s little that is easy or attractive about their schedule, and it

…

/ 7. Tugend, Alina, “Take a Vacation, for Your Health’s Sake,” The New York Times, June 8, 2008. www.nytimes.com/2008/06/08/business/worldbusiness/08iht-07shortcuts.13547623.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1 8. Pinsker, Joe, “41 Percent of American Workers Let Paid Vacation Days Go to Waste,” The Atlantic, August

The Job: The Future of Work in the Modern Era

by Ellen Ruppel Shell  · 22 Oct 2018  · 402pp  · 126,835 words

kitchens adjacent to every workspace. And today, that’s pretty much caught on across industry sectors. We no longer design spaces for people who work 8 to 5, that just doesn’t happen anymore. Work today is 24/7, and we design spaces with that in mind.” Many employers advocate and

…

set a maximum ten-and-a-half-hour workday for those under eighteen. Parliament settled on a nine-year-old age limit and a twelve-hour working day for children sixteen years and younger. So Owen took another tack, reasoning that not only were factories killing children but that automation was idling hands

City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age

by P. D. Smith  · 19 Jun 2012

had a dynamic, thriving economy. Indeed, the industriousness of the Chinese earned the respect even of white Americans: ‘Other laborers clamor for a working-day of eight hours. The Chinaman patiently works seventeen, takes care of his relatives in China, looks after his own poor in America, and pays his bills as

…

no trace remains today of this remarkable urban garden. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. La Défense, Paris. Yan’an elevated road interchange (1996), Shanghai, China. 8 Beyond the City The Wired City During the 1870s, time was pumped beneath the streets of Paris. Spread out under the city was a network

The Musical Human: A History of Life on Earth

by Michael Spitzer  · 31 Mar 2021  · 632pp  · 163,143 words

Orpingalik in the middle of the last Ice Age? There were nine months of winter in the year, and only a few hours of precious daylight in the working day.32 Part of a small tribe of forty souls, moving on every few weeks following the reindeer and mammoth in their annual cycle

Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World

by Mark Pendergrast  · 2 Jan 2000  · 564pp  · 153,720 words

money into sugar production. “We went to work and increased our refinery, and now it is between 7,000 and 8,000 barrels of sugar a day—we can run to 8,000 barrels a day. But it is probably not profitable to do that. When you strain a thing, you do

…

the world, conform[s] in general to the coffee-pattern—non-conservative, self-assertive, dynamic. . . . Coffee has . . . expand[ed] humanity’s working-day from twelve to a potential twenty-four hours. The tempo, the complexity, the tension of modern life, call for something that can perform the miracle of stimulating brain activity, without

The Best Interface Is No Interface: The Simple Path to Brilliant Technology (Voices That Matter)

by Golden Krishna  · 10 Feb 2015  · 271pp  · 62,538 words

Airport service, 188–189 WIMP (windows, icons, menus, pointers), 77 Winfrey, Oprah, 63 wireframes for car controls, 115 familiarity of, 116 Wood, Molly, 191 work day, number of hours in, 147 World Chess Championship, 129 X Xerox PARC research, 137–139 Y Y Combinator, 102 * * * Let’s keep chatting. Well, thanks for reading

Men Without Work

by Nicholas Eberstadt  · 4 Sep 2016  · 126pp  · 37,081 words

the form of increases in vacations, holidays, sick days, personal leave, and earlier retirement, time diary studies suggest that the work day has continued to trend downwards to less than eight hours a day.2 With rising incomes and attendant gains in personal wealth, older American men were no longer consigned to laboring

…

work. My argument instead is that they financed it—and in much larger measure than many researchers seem to appreciate. As I show in chapter 8, over half of prime-age men not in the labor force are themselves getting money from at least one government disability program nowadays, as are

Terms of Service: Social Media and the Price of Constant Connection

by Jacob Silverman  · 17 Mar 2015  · 527pp  · 147,690 words

felt relatively secure. It was also astonishingly easy. Soon a confirmation e-mail arrived, promising that my followers would appear within one to two working days. A few hours later I had forgotten that I had even made the transaction, until I opened my Twitter page and realized that my two thousand followers

Red Plenty

by Francis Spufford  · 1 Jan 2007  · 544pp  · 168,076 words

2 2004); and S.S.Kutateladze, ‘The Path and Space of Kantorovich’, talk at the international Kantorovich memorial conference, Euler International Mathematical Institute, St Petersburg, 8–13 January 2004. 2 Gangs worked the trams: for 1930s crime and 1930s streetcars, see Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times (OUP

…

compensate managers, the stick of terror driving them was discarded too: reporting a bad year’s growth now meant only a lousy bonus. The work day shrank to eight hours, the work week to five days. The millions of families squeezed into juddering tsarist tenements, and damp ex-ballrooms subdivided by walls of

…

2 2004); and S.S.Kutateladze, ‘The Path and Space of Kantorovich’, talk at the international Kantorovich memorial conference, Euler International Mathematical Institute, St Petersburg, 8–13 January 2004. 2 Gangs worked the trams: for 1930s crime and 1930s streetcars, see Sheila Fitzpatrick, Everyday Stalinism: Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times (OUP

To the Edge of the World: The Story of the Trans-Siberian Express, the World's Greatest Railroad

by Christian Wolmar  · 4 Aug 2014  · 323pp  · 94,406 words

paid a small sum, but most of it was eaten up by compulsory payments for their food and housing. They worked unbearably long hours: ‘The contracts stipulated a working day from sunrise to sunset and the labourers were usually required to work on Sundays and holidays; only heavy rain could be relied on

When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures

by Richard D. Lewis  · 1 Jan 1996

capacity and you want to make $4 million, that means $100,000 per annum. If you can achieve this in 250 working days, that comes to $400 a day or $50 an hour. With this orientation Americans can say that their time costs $50 an hour. Americans also talk about wasting, spending, budgeting and

The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists

by Robert Tressell  · 31 Dec 1913  · 768pp  · 291,079 words

the Liberation Society, working for Church disestablishment. 1845–50 Irish Famine. Repeal of the Corn Laws, instituting era of Free Trade. Factory Act (‘Ten Hours Bill’) limits working day for women and children. Evaporated milk invented. Band of Hope Temperance Organization founded. Year of European Revolutions: Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Venice, Milan. Sequence of

…

Rhodes mining rights. London matchgirls’ strike. First electric power station opened in Deptford. Harkness, Out of Work. Great Dock Strike. Gas-Workers’ strike wins eight-hour working day. Technical Instruction Act. Gissing, The Nether World; Harkness, Captain Lobe; Fabian Essays in Socialism. Paris Exhibition. May Day rallies worldwide for an eight

…

-hour working day. William Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out; Harkness, A Manchester Shirtmaker; Morris, News from Nowhere; Sidney Webb, Socialism in England; Gawin Kirkham, The

…

the following week the work at ‘The Cave’ progressed rapidly towards completion, although, the hours of daylight being so few, the men worked only from 8 a.m. till 4 p.m. and they had their breakfasts before they came. This made 40 hours a week, so that those who were

…

, our father, in all that he commanded us, not to drink wine all our days, we, our wives, our sons or our daughters’ (Jeremiah 35: 8). 262 People always take great care of their horses: a pervasive theme in discus- sions of the treatment of the working class in socially aware

…

review of its forces; it is mobilized for the first time as one army, under one flag, and fighting for one immediate aim: an eight-hour working day’ (‘Preface’ to 4th German edn. of The Communist Manifesto (1890)). 406 alarums and excursions: Shakespearian stage direction, as in Henry the Sixth Part Three, v

The Personal MBA: A World-Class Business Education in a Single Volume

by Josh Kaufman  · 2 Feb 2011  · 624pp  · 127,987 words

. Part of the challenge of working in the modern world is that our brains and bodies are tuned for physical and social survival, not sixteen-hour work-days. Business hasn’t been around long enough for our biology to adapt to the new demands we’re placing upon ourselves. Don’t be too

After the Cataclysm

by Noam Chomsky  · 17 Dec 2014

work groups, “although that was not a striking phenomenon”). They visited schools and “huge” construction projects which they found “impressive,” where construction crews work an 8½ hour day with three free days a month devoted to lectures and discussion of work problems. Among the workers, primarily young, were small children, former

…

of the organization of the cooperatives. Recognizing that the peasant population probably did not regard the “austere standard of hard manual labor” (specifically, a nine-hour work day) as an onerous imposition of the regime, and may not have been overly concerned that privileged urban sectors were compelled to share the hard but

Also Human: The Inner Lives of Doctors

by Caroline Elton  · 1 Mar 2018  · 351pp  · 101,051 words

of immersing herself in her work as a distraction from the pain of infertility. Babies were her work, as Sarah was an obstetrician. Every hour of her working day Sarah was surrounded by women who were either expecting babies or were in the process of giving birth to them. The only exception was

A Clearing in the Distance: Frederick Law Olmsted and America in the 19th Century

by Witold Rybczynski  · 1 Jan 1999

no casual apprenticeship, as had been the case with Barton; Benkard and Hutton expected its clerks to work hard and long. The typical working day was ten to twelve hours; only Sundays were free. “The business is such that I am engaged from morning to night without ceasing,” Olmsted wrote his brother shortly

…

continued, however, Olmsted started to have doubts. The custom in most merchant ships was “four hours on and four hours off,” which meant a twelve-hour working day. However, to take advantage of a two-week stretch of good weather, the impatient Fox required his men to work seventeen-hour days. He believed

On the Road: Adventures From Nixon to Trump

by James Naughtie  · 1 Apr 2020

work. The laundry seemed to be a particularly easy number. Meanwhile, I was swimming in foul pickle juice just after dawn, with a working day that included a mere hour and a half off in the afternoon before the interminable dinner service, and a seven-day week that permitted me only half a

A History of Zionism

by Walter Laqueur  · 1 Jan 1972  · 965pp  · 267,053 words

and his views on social problems as they took shape during his Paris years are aired in his pamphlet. He discusses, for instance, the seven-hour working day, the type of buildings in the new state, the means of raising money, the organisation of immigration. He preferred a democratic monarchy, or an aristocratic

…

Jewish state obviously needed a banner, and Herzl suggested a white field (symbolising the pure new life) with seven golden stars (the seven golden hours of the working day). Having promised to deal only with the general idea of a Jewish state, he time and again involved himself in the discussion of technical

…

between Arab and Jewish workers. The Arabs were working ten to twelve hours a day and earned fifteen piasters; Jewish workers had won the eight-hour working day and a daily wage of thirty piasters.* Admittedly it was a complex situation. If Jewish orange grove owners refused to employ Arabs they were bound

Rogue Trader

by Nick Leeson  · 21 Oct 2015  · 336pp  · 101,894 words

haven’t traced us here,’ Lisa said, ‘there’s no reason to think that they will.’ ‘But we’ve got eight hours to spend here, that’s a full working day. It’ll be Thursday by the time this flight lands in Frankfurt.’ ‘Look, we’ve got to get out of Asia,’ Lisa

Hedge Fund Market Wizards

by Jack D. Schwager  · 24 Apr 2012  · 272pp  · 19,172 words

is it. You build nothing; you just trade. The day you stop trading, it’s gone. So what you have spent doing for X hours every working day of your life has ended, and there is nothing left to show for it, except for money. You have to keep trading because you don

…

. Jack Schwager The Market Wizard series has come to shape a great deal of my life, more than I could have ever anticipated. I was 8 years old. It was “bring your child to work” day. I loved my dad’s office. It was full of things that I was not

1968: The Year That Rocked the World

by Mark Kurlansky  · 30 Dec 2003  · 538pp  · 164,533 words

, Servan-Schreiber predicted, “America will be a post-industrial society with a per capita income of $7,500. There will be only four work days a week of seven hours per day. The year will be comprised of 39 work weeks and 13 weeks of vacation.” He quotes a White House expert predicting

Kicking Awaythe Ladder

by Ha-Joon Chang  · 4 Sep 2000  · 192pp

levels, but this was not widely established until 1919. In Sweden, a 48-hour working week was introduced in 1920. Denmark also made the eight-hour working day compulsory in 1920, but agriculture and the maritime industry, which together employed about one third of the labour force, was exempt from the law. Belgium

The Ultimate Engineer: The Remarkable Life of NASA's Visionary Leader George M. Low

by Richard Jurek  · 2 Dec 2019  · 431pp  · 118,074 words

life as an engineer. The new job would propel his already time-consuming work habits into overdrive. “Somebody once figured out my average working day was like sixteen to eighteen hours per day, and maybe another twelve on Saturday, and more on Sunday afternoon,” Low said.17 When the raft of memos and

…

another backup procedure: “We now have developed procedures that completely work around any possible inadvertent switch closure in the CM/SM sep area.”158 Apollo 8 launched on Friday, 21 December 1968. Low was of course at the Cape for the launch, as he always was, and then returned to

Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century

by Jessica Bruder  · 18 Sep 2017  · 273pp  · 85,195 words

toilet. She’d replaced the latter with a bucket, and so far, that seemed to be working out okay. Camp host orientation began Monday at 8:30 a.m. and lasted two days at Big Bear Discovery Center, an education facility run by the U.S. Forest Service. To reward trainees

…

she see a doctor. He confirmed the rib was broken and urged her to avoid lifting anything heavier than ten pounds while it healed.) At 8 a.m. on Wednesday, Linda and Silvianne set out for their first day of work in matching uniforms: brown pants and khaki windbreakers with a

…

last week of September, the American Crystal Sugar Company brings hundreds of RV dwellers to Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Weather permitting, they work day and night in twelve-hour shifts. In return they get a starting wage of $12 an hour plus overtime, along with the standard parking space. There’s no

Transport for Humans: Are We Nearly There Yet?

by Pete Dyson and Rory Sutherland  · 15 Jan 2021  · 342pp  · 72,927 words

of tools to be used regularly to ensure they are socialized, applied and evaluated. Digital decision making Before the arrival of Covid-19, approximately 8% of all US employees worked from home at least one day a week and just 2.5% worked from home full time.30 The projection

…

people in them than pre-pandemic, that they had 5% more email to deal with, and that 8% more email was done outside working hours. On the other hand, meetings were 20% shorter. The working day had expanded by an average of forty-nine minutes – a figure that is eerily close to the pre

What We Owe the Future: A Million-Year View

by William MacAskill  · 31 Aug 2022  · 451pp  · 125,201 words

forced to work on plantations—most often those growing sugar cane, tobacco, cotton, or coffee—and sometimes to mine silver or gold.11 Work days were regularly ten hours long, and pregnant women and children were sometimes also forced to work.12 By 1700, enslaved people made up the overwhelming majority of the

Spineless: The Science of Jellyfish and the Art of Growing a Backbone

by Juli Berwald  · 14 May 2017  · 397pp  · 113,304 words

life. I stumbled on them when the haze of sleepless nights—brought on by young kids’ cries and the frenzy of cramming a working day into the scant hours of a half-day of preschool—had begun to lift. The public school system provided a blessed seven and half hours of tuition-free

The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an Unspeakable War, and Liberation

by Scott Carney and Jason Miklian  · 28 Mar 2022  · 553pp  · 153,028 words

that the drop-off had gone without a hitch. This mission would change the world. Yahya’s last two months were a blur of ten-hour working days and six-hour drinking nights dedicated to micromanaging every last aspect, down to the make and model of the car that Kissinger would take to

…

Kubernik, “Celebrating the 100th Birthday of Indian Music Legend Ravi Shankar,” Music Connection, March 2, 2020. And Eric Clapton was Tillery, Working Class Mystic, chapter 8, and Eric Clapton, Clapton: The Autobiography (New York: Broadway, 2008), 135. Harrison hired an Indian Pattie Boyd, Wonderful Tonight: George Harrison, Eric Clapton, and Me

Farewell

by Sergei Kostin and Eric Raynaud  · 14 Apr 2011  · 485pp  · 148,662 words

chocolate; in short, everything one could not find in regular stores. Coupons were distributed for spa vacations, and excursions were organized. An hour before the end of the work day, there was often a birthday to celebrate, somebody leaving on vacation or coming back, a university competition exam passed by the son or

The Dictionary People: The Unsung Heroes Who Created the Oxford English Dictionary

by Sarah Ogilvie  · 17 Oct 2023

a tireless translator. She became known as ‘the foremother of socialist feminism’ and is credited for unionizing working-class women and campaigning for an eight-hour working day. The 1890s brought sadness, as she realized that her father’s ideas would have less influence on British Socialism than she had hoped. And she

…

himself at 5 a.m. He worked as a ‘half-timer’ from 6 a.m. to 12.30, with half an hour for breakfast at 8 a.m. ‘I remember how my legs used to ache on a Monday morning, when I started work again after some rest on a Sunday

Slouching Towards Utopia: An Economic History of the Twentieth Century

by J. Bradford Delong  · 6 Apr 2020  · 593pp  · 183,240 words

the death penalty free medical care, including midwifery progressive income and property taxes a progressive inheritance tax an end to regressive indirect taxes an eight-hour working day child labor laws a national takeover of unemployment and disability insurance “with decisive participation by the workers”31 Rather white bread, no? But they

The AI Economy: Work, Wealth and Welfare in the Robot Age

by Roger Bootle  · 4 Sep 2019  · 374pp  · 111,284 words

they might well continue doing this at home, during their supposedly leisure time. Meanwhile, the number of women working outside the home has risen enormously.8 Nowadays, in most countries of the developed world, both members of a couple work outside the home, in contrast to the old model under which

…

shift to more single-earner households, longer periods in education, and longer periods in retirement. I briefly consider each of these below. A shorter working day Normal working hours are today widely regarded as something like 9 until 5.30 but this in not cast in stone. Actually, for the customer who wishes to

Killing Thatcher: The IRA, the Manhunt and the Long War on the Crown

by Rory Carroll  · 15 Mar 2023  · 456pp  · 128,481 words

sequence of ridge characteristics. In this precomputer era, identification was a painstaking process done with the naked eye, aided by a magnifying glass. A working day could last fifteen hours, demanding intense concentration from beginning to end. Identifying a print was subjective, a matter of opinion, but required finding sixteen points of similarity

Arriving Today: From Factory to Front Door -- Why Everything Has Changed About How and What We Buy

by Christopher Mims  · 13 Sep 2021  · 385pp  · 112,842 words

’t leave the truck again until it arrives at its end point in Shakopee, Minnesota. That’s 1,785 miles, twenty-seven hours’ driving time, and two and a half working days from now, on March 6. While it’s en route, the Dow will tumble nearly 1,000 points in a single

…

custodians and management. Just seven of those 400 workers were maintenance technicians. Thus, an 800,000-square-foot facility pushing out 25,000 items in 8,000 to 10,000 orders a day requires only about a hundred people per shift, says Darin. In the past few years, the number of

The People: The Rise and Fall of the Working Class, 1910-2010

by Selina Todd  · 9 Apr 2014  · 525pp  · 153,356 words

the same year, the Workers’ Compensation Act offered remuneration to people injured at work. In 1908 the miners – a strongly unionized workforce – won an eight-hour working day, and the government introduced an Old Age Pensions Act, which offered a non-contributory state pension to people aged over seventy who earned less than

…

hour. Shocked, Harry returned home to Battersea. But the strike became increasingly violent in the following days. The government’s actions radicalized many workers. On 8 May the strikers of Canning Town plotted revenge: before they went up to the main road hundreds of the men slipped the iron railings out

Fodor's Madrid and Side Trips

by Fodor's  · 16 May 2011  · 339pp  · 83,725 words

—often a half-hour power nap in front of the TV—fits naturally into the workday cycle, since Spaniards tend to work until 7 or 8 pm. Traditionally, Spain’s climate created the siesta as a time to preserve energy while afternoon temperatures spiked. After the sun began to set,

…

on a summer schedule, which can mean a longer-than-usual siesta (sometimes up to four hours), a shorter working day (until 3 pm only), and no Saturday-afternoon trading. Banks are generally open weekdays from 8:30 or 9 until 2 or 2:30. From October to May the major banks open on

Living Well on the Spectrum

by Valerie L. Gaus  · 4 Feb 2011

) 1. “Explore an after-­school program for my son so he will not come straight home.” 2. “Ask my wife to cut her work day short by two hours to come home early.” 3. “Ask my wife to help us make an afternoon schedule that includes ‘quiet time’ for me when I get

…

QUALITY LIFE — work — other church activities 3) Remember to follow up on questions about this information during conversations you may have on another day Step 8: Evaluate the Solution to See If It Met Your Goal “After 6 weeks I have gotten to know three of the other ladies. They act

Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity

by Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson  · 15 May 2023  · 619pp  · 177,548 words

consolidation of smaller landholdings into bigger fields were proceeding full speed, and Soviet agriculture was becoming much more mechanized. In the 1920s, grain required 20.8 worker-days per hectare. This had fallen to 10.6 days in 1937, primarily because of the use of tractors and combine harvesters. But the

…

and wages rose at roughly the same rate. Working conditions also improved. The average working day was down to nine hours for many workers (54 hours per week for builders and engineers, 56.5 hours per week in textiles, and 72 hours per week on the railways were standard), and almost no one worked on Sunday

The Rough Guide to Cape Town, Winelands & Garden Route

by Rough Guides, James Bembridge and Barbara McCrea  · 4 Jan 2018  · 641pp  · 147,719 words

a safe place, or even better in a few places on your person and baggage. Opening hours and holidays The working day starts and finishes early in South Africa: shops and businesses generally open on weekdays around 8.30am and close at 4.30pm. In small towns, many places close for an hour over

The Great Good Place: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Bookstores, Bars, Hair Salons, and Other Hangouts at the Heart of a Community

by Ray Oldenburg  · 17 Aug 1999

city of conversation and cafés.” In a popular essay on “The American Condition,” Richard Goodwin invited readers to contrast the rush hour in our major cities with the close of the working day in Renaissance Italy: “Now at Florence, when the air is red with the summer sunset and the campaniles begin to

Jerusalem: The Biography

by Simon Sebag-Montefiore  · 27 Jan 2011  · 1,364pp  · 272,257 words

soidisant 'Prince of Idleness' discussed politics and expounded his hedonistic philosophy, the Manifesto of Vagabonds - 'Idleness is the motto of our party. The working-day is made up of two hours' - after which he indulged 'in eating, drinks and merriment'. However, his indolence was limited when he became Palestine's inspector of education

All Day Long: A Portrait of Britain at Work

by Joanna Biggs  · 8 Apr 2015  · 255pp  · 92,719 words

eventually, bringing a fully automated working world. Perhaps that needn’t be as bleak as it may seem. Would it be terrible if the four-hour work day predicted by Keynes in 1930 became possible? We could spend our afternoons in a version of the retirement we currently have to wait forty years

…

a big part of my working existence,’ Reilly deadpans. ‘If I could inject it I probably would.’ He has a meeting in No. 10 at 8.15 a.m. with the Tory spads and the civil service press team to run through that day’s news and what’s coming up

…

’re not going to say that, they’re going to let it out in a kind of oblique way. A puzzled, oblique way.’ The eight-hour work day wasn’t developed with a child’s need for perplexed or distressed confidences in mind. In 1987, she was invited to be a visiting scholar

…

finished the novel she’s been working on about her father’s bookshop in Cairo. A day at home is ‘heaven’. She gets up around 8 a.m. and will take black coffee up to the study in the attic of her rose-trellised terrace house. The walls are covered with

Computer: A History of the Information Machine

by Martin Campbell-Kelly and Nathan Ensmenger  · 29 Jul 2013  · 528pp  · 146,459 words

to all, and it would be possible to spread the computing load over many geographically separated sites. For example, because the working day for East Coast computer users started several hours ahead of the West Coast’s, they could make use of idle West Coast facilities in the morning; and when it was

The Great Railroad Revolution

by Christian Wolmar  · 9 Jun 2014  · 523pp  · 159,884 words

, whose names—which betrayed their Irish origins—have been immortalized in the history books, was handpicked to carry and spike the rails. In twelve hours, a full working day, they had passed the 10-mile point by 50 feet, and Crocker could claim the money, though Dodge, who viewed the proceedings, complained

Reset: How to Restart Your Life and Get F.U. Money: The Unconventional Early Retirement Plan for Midlife Careerists Who Want to Be Happy

by David Sawyer  · 17 Aug 2018  · 572pp  · 94,002 words

example, let’s assume you’re paid for 35 hours a week and take home £2,000: (£) 2,000 divided by 150 (hours worked per month, assuming between 21 and 23 working days per month) = £13.66 per hour. Then take off the money (buying treats, lattes, meals, work clothes, entertainment, fuel) and add

Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion

by Gareth Stedman Jones  · 24 Aug 2016  · 964pp  · 296,182 words

723. 162. Nassau Senior in his Letters on the Factory Act in 1837 claimed that the whole net profit was derived from the last hour of the working day, based on the mistaken assumption that the turnover period was invariable. The wage fund doctrine assumed that the amount of capital available in a

Utopia for Realists: The Case for a Universal Basic Income, Open Borders, and a 15-Hour Workweek

by Rutger Bregman  · 13 Sep 2014  · 235pp  · 62,862 words

days a week “in the not too distant future.” The country had reached a “plateau of prosperity,” and he believed a shorter workweek was inevitable.8 Before long, machines would be doing all the work. This would free up “abundant scope for recreation,” enthused an English professor, “by immersion in the

…

Conisbee, “National Gardening Leave,” in: Anna Coote and Jane Franklin (eds), Time on our side. Why we all need a shorter workweek (2013), p. 155. 8. “Nixon Defends 4-Day Week Claim,” The Milwaukee Sentinel (September 25, 1956). https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sXBRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-A8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=576,2053944 9

…

.om/magazine/archive/2013/06/are-we-truly-overworked/309321/ 26. Pixmania, “Smart Devices Add 1.2 Hours to Our Work Day.” https://www.journalism.co.uk/press-releases/smart-devices-add-1-2-hours-to-our-work-day-/s66/a551171/ 27. These calculations were made using the http://www.gapminder.orgwebsite. 28. Quoted in: Herman

In the Age of the Smart Machine

by Shoshana Zuboff  · 14 Apr 1988

limited the consumption of commodi- ties to the "necessary" and the "comfortable," in order that any surplus labor could be devoted to learning. The six-hour work day was seen as adequate, and if it turned out to be excessive, the community would further curtail the number of hours assigned to work: "What

The Last Spike: The Great Railway, 1881-1885

by Pierre Berton  · 1 Jan 1971  · 612pp  · 200,406 words

building bridges, learning line repairs from roadmen and section hands, studying accounting and figures. As a train dispatcher in Alton, Van Horne’s official work day was twelve hours, but when it was over he did not go home; instead, he lurked about the yards, shops, and offices, soaking up the railway business

…

contractors responded by increasing their army of men and horses, by adding an extra shift to the track-laying, and by lengthening the total work day from eleven hours to fifteen. “The iron now is going down just as fast as it can be pulled from the cars,” Shepard announced. “We shall show

The 100-Year Life: Living and Working in an Age of Longevity

by Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott  · 1 Jun 2016  · 344pp  · 94,332 words

, but we think that by the time Jane is moving into her 30s, this will have changed in some companies. As we suggest in Chapter 8 on leisure, the three-day weekend or the four-day working week could well emerge as strong alternatives and thus help to preserve vitality across

…

hours each of work, rest and leisure. It was not, however, until the early and mid-twentieth century that in the Western world the eight-hour working day became a reality for most. During the Industrial Revolution, the standard working pattern was six days a week, and between ten and sixteen hours day

…

was not until 1847 that in the UK, for example, the government passed legislation restricting the working day to ten hours, but even then this was just for women and children. Take a look at Figure 8.1 to see the rate of decline of the average working week in the US. By 1920

…

substantially in excess of forty hours. It was only in the first half of the twentieth century that the five-day working week and eight-hour working day began to be standardized. Henry Ford introduced the forty-hour week in the US in 1914 but legislation restricting hours wasn’t forthcoming until 1938

…

us that there is likely to be a further restructuring of time and of the working week. The challenge is that when the average working day is seven hours, then further daily reductions may not be optimal. That is because there are fixed costs to working, such as commuting, preparing for the day

…

of regulation of child labour. After 1802, it took over four decades for a variety of Factory Acts to restrict working hours for those aged 8–13 to six-and-a-half hours a day. So rather than a quick fix, there is more likely to be a raft of government

…

. See for a historical account Hartog, H., Someday All This Will Be Yours: A History of Inheritance and Old Age (Harvard University Press, 2012). Chapter 8: Time: From recreation to re-creation 1Ramey, V. and Francis, N., ‘A Century of Work and Leisure’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 1 (2) (2009): 189

The Downfall of Money: Germany's Hyperinflation and the Destruction of the Middle Class

by Frederick Taylor  · 16 Sep 2013  · 473pp  · 132,344 words

to the historic treaty between organised labour and capital in Germany that became known as the ‘Stinnes-Legien Agreement’. The agreement gave workers an eight-hour working day with no reduction in pay – a long-standing demand of organised labour – compulsory union recognition, mandatory collective bargaining and wage contracts, and the right to

The Golden Thread: How Fabric Changed History

by Kassia St Clair  · 3 Oct 2018  · 480pp  · 112,463 words

made conditions worse as demand increased. Enrico Vigliani, an Italian doctor, wrote that during the Second World War rayon factories in Piedmont increased the working day to twelve hours, even during blackout conditions, in a bid to ramp up production.23 During the war, forced labour wasn’t uncommon. A Phrix factory near

Invisible Women

by Caroline Criado Perez  · 12 Mar 2019  · 480pp  · 119,407 words

educated on how great the ‘improved’ stoves were, rather than stove designers needing to be educated on how not to increase women’s already fifteen-hour average working day.48 Despite what academics, NGOs and expatriate technicians seem to think, the problem is not the women. It is the stoves: developers have consistently

The Rise of the Network Society

by Manuel Castells  · 31 Aug 1996  · 843pp  · 223,858 words

considered as such by the company.125 In fact, they work almost full-time (6 hours a day, compared to 7.5 hours for regular workers), although the number of working days in a month is slightly less than for regular workers. Yet they receive, on average, about 60 percent of a regular

The Refusal of Work: The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Work

by David Frayne  · 15 Nov 2015  · 336pp  · 83,903 words

and intensity of their labour were attacked not only by the work ethic, but also by more tangible transformations in the working day itself. The payment of workers became tied to working hours, and labour was regimented and synchronised via the adoption of clock time. By the twentieth century, industrialisation had provided unparalleled opportunities

…

great deal of contemporary significance in Adorno’s broader point about the siege on people’s time. Consider the extent to which the standard eight-hour working day fractures free-time into shards. The full-time worker experiences time as a rapid series of discrete pockets: a constantly rotating cycle of work periods

…

. In his fifties, Larry was a longstanding social worker who said he had been suffering from stress. He had negotiated a reduction of his working day by one hour (bringing it down to seven, rather than the usual eight), believing that the change would help him improve his ‘chance of feeling half decent

…

into using a software package he did not believe was fit for purpose. He was also crushed by the length of the working day, which could be as much as sixteen hours nearing a deadline, and was outraged to discover how few holidays he was entitled to. He was only permitted twelve days

…

, 69; as socialisation, 15; broad, value of, 79; investment in, 42 eight-hour day, 71 Eleanor, an interviewee, 120, 124, 129, 144, 161–2, 167–8, 182, 183, 207 Emma, an interviewee, 196–7, 198–9, 202–3 emotional conduct, management of, 62 emotional investment, in office work, 136 emotional labour

…

also worthwhile ethic eudaemonia, 4 Euro May Day movement, 115 exclusion, social, 161 extra hours, working of, 57 F Facebook, 88 factories, closure of, 106–8 family, work as, 56–7 family life: importance of, 230; prioritising of, 218 feminism, 22; interest in shorter working hours, 229; second-wave, 114–15

…

with, 218 ‘strivers versus skivers’, 99, 101 Sturdy, Andrew, 59–61, 64 subordination, in work relations, 91 Sunray company, 59–60 supermarket, visits to, 167–8 surplus-labour, 147 surveillance cameras, 54 sweatshops, exploitation in, 61 Sweden, shorter working day in, 224 symptoms, 148 T taxation, corporate evasion of, 101 Taylor

Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer

by Michael Swaine and Paul Freiberger  · 19 Oct 2014  · 459pp  · 140,010 words

the essential instructions, like how to make the drive motor move via software. Wigginton took it from there. Woz and Wigginton worked day and night throughout December, including a 10-hour day on Christmas. They knew they couldn’t get a complete disk operating system running for the show, so they spent time

Big Debt Crises

by Ray Dalio  · 9 Sep 2018  · 782pp  · 187,875 words

the partly unemployed decreased from 635,839 to 257,840.” March 17, 1924 Further Improvement in Trade of Germany; Government Helped by Establishment of Nine-Hour Working Day March 24, 1924 Continued Recovery in German Industry; Metal Prices Are Rising and Textile Industry Still Booming April 3, 1924 German Gold Bank Ready; Will

When They Go Low, We Go High: Speeches That Shape the World – and Why We Need Them

by Philip Collins  · 4 Oct 2017  · 475pp  · 156,046 words

of service that granted terms to employees that were the equal of those offered to employers. The campaign of Lancashire MPs for a maximum nine-hour working day was successful and the six-day working week of women and children was reduced by half a day, to a maximum of fifty-six hours

Debunking Economics - Revised, Expanded and Integrated Edition: The Naked Emperor Dethroned?

by Steve Keen  · 21 Sep 2011  · 823pp  · 220,581 words

in return for paying for his labor-power, was not the worker’s capacity to work (labor-power), but actual work itself. If the working day was twelve hours long (as it was in Marx’s day), then the worker worked for twelve hours – twice as long as it actually took to produce

Israel: A Concise History of a Nation Reborn

by Daniel Gordis  · 17 Oct 2016  · 632pp  · 171,827 words

, “I would suggest a white flag, with seven golden stars. The white field symbolizes our pure new life; the stars are the seven golden hours of our working-day.”6 On that score, Herzl did not get his way. In October 1948 the State of Israel adopted the flag that had represented the

Rush Hour: How 500 Million Commuters Survive the Daily Journey to Work

by Iain Gately  · 6 Nov 2014  · 352pp  · 104,411 words

efforts wouldn’t necessarily impress British com-muters, a number of whom travel by train between London and Scotland, and spend over eight hours on the rails each working day. Even my trips on the 07.01 from Botley to Waterloo would have placed me in the category of extreme commuter, alongside every

…

, the train behind it will be two minutes late and the fourth train in line ten minutes late. Every second is vital for every hour of his working day. In addition to managing headway via automated control systems, transit operators have been moving towards driverless trains. These have been in service for nearly

…

trains 33–4, 60, 61, 83 Wright, Frank Lloyd 79 y Yahoo 296–8 YouTube 179, 213, 319 About this Book Each working day 500 million people across the planet experience the miracle and misery of commuting. Whether undertaken

Laziness Does Not Exist

by Devon Price  · 5 Jan 2021  · 362pp  · 87,462 words

, “Forget the 9 to 5—Research Suggests There’s a Case for the 3-Hour Workday,” Business Insider, September 26, 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com/8-hour-workday-may-be-5-hours-too-long-research-suggests-2017-9. 19. Brian Wansink, Collin R. Payne, and Pierre Chandon, “Internal and External Cues

…

, “The Productivity of Working Hours,” Institute for the Study of Labor (Germany), April 2014, http://ftp.iza.org/dp8129.pdf. 35. “How Many Productive Hours in a Work Day? Just 2 Hours, 23 Minutes…,” Voucher Cloud.com, https://www.vouchercloud.com/resources/office-worker-productivity. 36. Geoffrey James, “New Research: Most Salaried Employees

…

: 174 Newspapers a Day,” Telegraph, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/8316534/Welcome-to-the-information-age-174-newspapers-a-day.html. 8. And that’s to say nothing of how traumatic working as a social media moderator can be; see Casey Newton, “The Trauma Floor: The Secret

Overbooked: The Exploding Business of Travel and Tourism

by Elizabeth Becker  · 16 Apr 2013  · 570pp  · 158,139 words

believe this guy could make up such a story.” No, he said, he had meant $50 a month. Hagar backed him up. Their work days routinely lasted twelve hours. They rarely leave the ship during those months and then for a few hours at most. In essence, they relied on tips from passengers

Underland: A Deep Time Journey

by Robert Macfarlane  · 1 May 2019  · 489pp  · 136,195 words

see if he goes overboard or the boat is swamped. The temperatures he works in can be as low as -15°C for a fifteen-hour working day. But the cod are the prize for the risks and hardship – and such a prize. The finest fish from the best cod waters in the

…

pollarding 99 response to climate change stress 103 and ‘understorey’ 95–6 and the ‘wood wide web’ of fungal networks 87–91, 93, 96, 97–8, 99–101, 103–5, 109–10, 116 Trieste 184–5, 186 Forty Days Yugoslav administration 223 Triglav 215 Troll’s Eye 264 Trongrun 299–300

Free to Focus: A Total Productivity System to Achieve More by Doing Less

by Michael Hyatt  · 8 Apr 2019  · 243pp  · 59,662 words

staggering. Depending on the studies you consult, the total time lost per day for office workers is three hours or more—as many as six.8 Let’s say you work 250 days a year (365 days, less weekends and two weeks of vacation). That’s between 750 and 1,500

…

a great start every day: Empty my email inbox Catch up on Slack Check social media Review Big 3 (which we’ll discuss in chapter 8) Review my schedule This ritual usually takes about thirty minutes, so the first half hour of my workday, every day, is dedicated to it. This

…

clients I introduced earlier, used to work twelve-hour days, five days a week, and sometimes more. “Six to six were my working days, and even after working that many hours it was stressful not being able to accomplish everything I wanted to get done,” he told me. “I was working on a lot

…

person, I tend to complete those activities before noon, which then gives me time to address other urgent items that come up during the day.”8 Stephen has had the same experience. By focusing on a limited number of tasks, Stephen’s working half as much while growing his business—and

…

set aside one day a month for recording. 6. Jason Fried and David Heinemeier, ReWork (New York: Crown Business, 2010), 105. 7. Silverman, “Workplace Distractions.” 8. William Shakespeare, As You Like It 2.7.139–42. 9. Garson O’Toole has the backstory on the line here: “Plans Are Worthless, But

The Taste of Empire: How Britain's Quest for Food Shaped the Modern World

by Lizzie Collingham  · 2 Oct 2017  · 452pp  · 130,041 words

meat and ate as much suet in a fortnight as they would normally have eaten in six months. Boasts that after a working day of only eight rather than twelve hours labourers could afford to ‘go to the shop, and get a bag of sugar, and half-chest of tea, and pay

Sweden Travel Guide

by Lonely Planet

, the forced union lasting until 1905. 1921 In the interwar period, a Social Democrat–Liberal coalition government takes control and introduces reforms, including an eight-hour working day and universal suffrage for adults aged over 23. 1943 Seventeen-year-old teenager Ingvar Kamprad founds IKEA, which becomes the world's most successful mass

In Europe

by Geert Mak  · 15 Sep 2004

David. And, like his foes, he also linked that past to the modern age. The International Socialists dreamed of an eight hour working day, so Herzl's Jewish state would have a seven hour working day, reflected in the white national flag with its seven golden stars. ‘Humane, well lighted and healthy schools’ would be built

Beyond the Wall: East Germany, 1949-1990

by Katja Hoyer  · 5 Apr 2023

friends and family at home. Apart from a higher base salary, the job came with multiple benefits. The nature of the working day meant that more money was accrued through extra hours. In addition, workers received 25 marks extra a day just for working on the pipeline. Up to half of the salary

Lonely Planet Colombia (Travel Guide)

by Lonely Planet, Alex Egerton, Tom Masters and Kevin Raub  · 30 Jun 2015

any purchases above COP$250,000, use a foreign credit card and save your receipt. Foreigners can request the 16% IVA tax back. Opening Hours The office working day is typically eight hours long, usually from 8am to noon and 2pm to 6pm weekdays, but in practice offices tend to open later and

Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy

by Alexandrea J. Ravenelle  · 12 Mar 2019  · 349pp  · 98,309 words

Past and the Early Industrial Age 4. Workplace Troubles 5. Sharing Is Caring 6. All in a Day’s (Dirty) Work 7. Living the Dream? 8. Conclusion Appendix 1. Demographic Survey Appendix 2. Interview Matrix Notes References Index Illustrations FIGURES 1. Young man with sign 2. The sharing economy and related

…

workers, hours remained long. In 1835, children working in textile mills in Paterson, New Jersey, struck for the reduction of their working day to eleven hours for five days a week and nine hours on Saturdays. Although mill owners didn’t meet their demands entirely, they did reduce the work week to just sixty-nine

Fodor's Essential Belgium

by Fodor's Travel Guides  · 23 Aug 2022

gleams with jewelry and gems. Diamond cutting began in Bruges but moved to Antwerp in the late 15th century, and the industry now employs some 8,000 workers. Many shops close for the Saturday sabbath. EBounded by DeKeyserlei, Pelikaanstraat, Lange Herentalsestraat, and Lange Kievitstraat, Diamond Quarter mTram: 2, 6, 9,

…

ERue Neuve 8, Mons P065/405–325 wwww.bam.mons.be A€9 CClosed Tues. Beffroi (Belfry) HISTORIC SIGHT | The city’s UNESCO-listed belfry is a beauty. On this site previously stood a clock tower, which housed a “workers bell” from 1382 that chimed the hours of the working day and warned of

Confessions of a Bookseller

by Shaun Bythell  · 8 Aug 2019  · 335pp  · 95,549 words

found: 0 Opened the curtains this morning to see the first sign of the sun in what feels like months. I spent the first hour of the working day being slowly asphyxiated by a customer’s perfume, which I can only assume was manufactured as a particularly unpleasant neurotoxin by a North Korean

…

After I’d closed the shop, I replied to Emanuela, asking her when she thought she might be able to start. Till Total £98.50 8 Customers FRIDAY, 3 APRIL Online orders: 2 Orders found: 1 Good Friday, Bank Holiday. Thankfully Nicky is happy to work on Bank Holidays and came

…

: Orders found: Up reasonably early and sailed back to Largs. Cleared the boat and headed back to Wigtown. Home by 6 p.m. MONDAY, 8 JUNE Online orders: 2 Orders found: 2 Today was Flo’s first day of working in the shop for the summer. The telephone and credit

…

on tidying up the garden, but by eight o’clock it was too dark to work, so I came in and began cooking. At about 8.15 Granny appeared and asked, ‘I have time for wash my legs before to eat?’ Till Total £428.49 18 Customers WEDNESDAY, 23 SEPTEMBER

Liberty's Dawn: A People's History of the Industrial Revolution

by Emma Griffin  · 10 Jun 2013

13 8:21 PM 58 earning a living most vocal and prolific commentators turned their attention to these voiceless victims – the ‘white slaves’ of England, as they were evocatively and effectively named by the Ten Hours campaigners – those agitating for a limit of ten hours on the length of children’s working day.3

Sweden

by Becky Ohlsen  · 19 Jun 2009

so throughout the bloodshed of WWI. In the interwar period, a Social Democrat–Liberal coalition government took control (1921). Reforms followed quickly, including an eight-hour working day and suffrage for all adults aged over 23. Swedish neutrality during WWII was ambiguous: letting German troops march through to occupy Norway certainly tarnished Sweden

Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base

by Annie Jacobsen  · 16 May 2011  · 572pp  · 179,024 words

Nevada. This flight established a record unapproachable by any other aircraft; it began at about the same time a typical government employee starts his work day and ended two hours before his quitting time.” Full text at Roadrunners Internationale official Web site. 17. Walt Ray was, by all accounts, a terrific pilot:

The Irrational Bundle

by Dan Ariely  · 3 Apr 2013  · 898pp  · 266,274 words

an unhealthy attachment to it. A recent Australian report found that workers spent an average of 14.5 hours, or more than two working days a week, checking, reading, arranging, deleting, and responding to e-mail.8 Add to this the rise of social networks and news groups, and you can most likely double

The Power Makers

by Maury Klein  · 26 May 2008  · 782pp  · 245,875 words

steam engines. The engine had to be utterly reliable and run with absolute regularity to ensure a constant speed against a varying load every hour of every working day, week after week. Although some mill owners adopted versions of the Newcomen and even the Savery engines to their needs, a strong demand

…

Italian fruit dealer was electrocuted in lower Manahattan. Four days later another lineman for the Brush company died while handling some wires. Then, on October 8, another lineman was electrocuted while working downtown.44 An outraged Mayor Grant summoned the Board of Electrical Control to a special meeting to consider ways

…

harsh language the injunction against cutting down the wires. The Board of Electrical Control ordered the Westinghouse lighting interests to shut down their current by 8:00 A.M. Ninety minutes later, workmen swarmed to the lines as cheering crowds urged on their work. During that first day twenty-three

Europe: A History

by Norman Davies  · 1 Jan 1996

textile settlement of New Lanark Mills was set up in Scotland by the visionary Robert Owen (1771–1858). It guaranteed a ten-and-a-half-hour working day and sickness insurance, but did not outlast its founder. In 1844 the first consumers’ co-operative, the Rochdale Pioneers, appeared in Lancashire. Agricultural co-

The Rough Guide to Amsterdam

by Martin Dunford, Phil Lee and Karoline Thomas  · 4 Jan 2010  · 537pp  · 135,099 words

and Crafts style. The room sports three paintings on asbestos cement – one each for sleep, work and relaxation – which celebrate the introduction of the eight-hour working day in 1911, the union’s most famous victory. Display at De Hollandsche Schouwburg When the museum reopens, there will be several other exhibition areas devoted

…

lots of things for kids to get their hands on. Workshops on Sat, Sun & school holidays 1pm & 3pm, plus Wed 3pm; call to reserve. Adults €8, 6- to 17-year-olds €4, under-5s free. Kids’ Amsterdam | Cafés and pancake houses KinderKookKafé Vondelpark 6b/Overtoom 325 (Museum Quarter and Vondelpark) 020

Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World

by Joshua B. Freeman  · 27 Feb 2018  · 538pp  · 145,243 words

in the United States have been announcing the end of the industrial age, seeing the country as transforming into a “postindustrial society.” Today, only 8 percent of American workers are in manufacturing, down from 24 percent in 1960. The factory and its workers have lost the cultural purchase they once

…

turnover, 285 women, 286–87, 308, 311 worker input over management, 276 worker suicides and company reaction, xii, 270–72, 389n working conditions, 301–4 working day and hours, 302 Christian Community of Working People, 261 Christian Science Monitor (newspaper), 215 Christmas decorations and accessories, 295 Chrysler Corporation, 140, 143, 145, 163, 166

The Railways: Nation, Network and People

by Simon Bradley  · 23 Sep 2015  · 916pp  · 248,265 words

heyday, and Whitemoor in the Cambridgeshire fens (eighty-six classification roads), the first in Britain to be built complete with retarders, which could handle 8,000 wagons daily. Work at these yards went on round the clock, aided by the glare of giant lighting masts. The handling technology continued to

…

: so many independent companies, each with its own practices, pay rates and division of responsibilities. The ASRS campaigned for universal rights, adopting a ten-hour working day as a standard demand in 1887, but there was as yet neither a single negotiating body to represent the companies, nor any consensus in favour

…

W. Kirby, ‘Railway Development and the Role of the State’, in Ambler, 21–35 Lang: Cecil Y. Lang (ed.), The Letters of Matthew Arnold (1997–8) Laqueur: Thomas Walter Laqueur, Religion and Respectability: Sunday Schools and Working Class Culture, 1780–1850 (1976) Lardner: Dionysus Lardner, Railway Economy (1850) Legg: Stuart

The Taste of War: World War Two and the Battle for Food

by Lizzie Collingham  · 1 Jan 2011  · 927pp  · 236,812 words

prisoners cleared tree stumps and constructed roads on a site which was destined to become a plant for extracting petrol from coal. ‘After a twelve hour working day, we were absolutely exhausted when we returned to camp. After a wash with ersatz soap … we were then issued with our food. This consisted

Code Complete (Developer Best Practices)

by Steve McConnell  · 8 Jun 2004  · 1,758pp  · 342,766 words

and experts in the practical and scientific spheres by so many separate acts and hours of work. If a person keeps faithfully busy each hour of the working day, he can count on waking up some morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation. — William James What? You

The Ice at the End of the World: An Epic Journey Into Greenland's Buried Past and Our Perilous Future

by Jon Gertner  · 10 Jun 2019  · 488pp  · 145,950 words

“Great Ice,” volume 2, p. 365. 2. The work typified Peary’s unapologetic exploitation of the Inuit. “The women had never heard of an eight-hour [work day] law,” Peary wrote, “and cheerfully acquiesced when our necessities required them to sew from ten to twelve hours a day and even longer.” Peary, Northward

…

that you will arrive any day with motor-sledges, and that all difficulties will thus be removed.” Reprinted in Georgi, Mid-Ice, pp. 82–83. 8. E. Wegener, ed., Greenland Journey, p. 180. 9. Georgi, Mid-Ice, p.118. 10. The sharpness of acuity is why many scientists working in

Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic

by John de Graaf, David Wann, Thomas H Naylor and David Horsey  · 1 Jan 2001  · 378pp  · 102,966 words

Of this realm of freedom, Marx added, “the shortening of the working day is its basic prerequisite.” “A nation is really rich if the working day is six hours rather than twelve,” Marx wrote, quoting approvingly the anonymous author of a British article written in 1821: “Wealth is liberty—liberty to seek recreation

The Victorian City: Everyday Life in Dickens' London

by Judith Flanders  · 14 Oct 2012  · 683pp  · 203,624 words

250). This seems feasible, but I think it’s likely that her tips, too, were usually 1d, and given that the average working day in a coffee house was fifteen hours, it would therefore have been possible for her to earn her fee plus another 7–8s a day. 102. For those with

The Pursuit of Power: Europe, 1815-1914

by Richard J. Evans  · 31 Aug 2016  · 976pp  · 329,519 words

in 1823, noted that the temperature in the factory was normally around 27 or 28 degrees Celsius, the working day was fourteen hours ‘including the nominal hour for dinner; the door is locked in working hours, except half an hour at tea time; the workpeople are not allowed to send for water to drink, in the hot

Daily Rituals: How Artists Work

by Mason Currey  · 22 Apr 2013  · 264pp  · 68,108 words

and 4:00, Voltaire and his principal secretary, Jean-Louis Wagnière, went out in a carriage to survey the estate. Then he worked again until 8:00, when he would join his widowed niece (and longtime lover) Madame Denis and others for supper. But his working day did not end there

…

quickly established a regular work schedule. He wrote home from a hotel in Egypt: My day’s work is very simple; I get up at 8 o’clock, have a bath and breakfast; 3 eggs, tea, “Eingemachtes” [homemade jam]; then I go for a stroll for half an hour by the

…

it gets cool and dark; then I write letters or work a bit more until 7. At 7 dinner, after which I chat and smoke (8–12 a day), at half past 9 I go to my room, read for half an hour and put out the light at ten. So

…

morning for the rest of his life—but as his career progressed, the writing sessions grew shorter and shorter, while cocktail hour began earlier and earlier. By the 1960s, Cheever’s working day was usually over by 10:30 A.M., after which he would lurk about the house (the family had since

…

to her, which she always returned (to the visible amusement of some of the other riders). Paturis arrived at work at 7:45, and by 8:30 she would already have her first phone call from Farrell—he called her at least six times a day. By 10:00, however, he

…

, and he almost never lets himself quit before he reaches his daily quota of two thousand words. He works in the mornings, starting around 8:00 or 8:30. Some days he finishes up as early as 11:30, but more often it takes him until about 1:30 to meet his

…

and Jenkins, 1978). 112. “My day’s work”: Quoted ibid., 91. 113. Henri Matisse: Interview with Francis Carco, “Conversations with Matisse,” Die Kunst-Zeitung, August 8, 1943, trans. and repr. in Matisse on Art, Jack D. Flam (1973; repr. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1978), 82–90. 114. “Basically, I enjoy

I You We Them

by Dan Gretton

corners, in the worst back slums.’ In a powerful passage, Marx details the relentlessness and grinding poverty of an Irish factory worker’s life – seventeen-hour working days, twelve hours on Saturdays, for ten shillings sixpence a week. This to feed a family of five children – their diet is mainly oatmeal, supplemented by

Coffeeland: One Man's Dark Empire and the Making of Our Favorite Drug

by Augustine Sedgewick  · 6 Apr 2020  · 668pp  · 159,523 words

answered by prosperity. “Today there is no real proletariat in California,” wrote historian and economics professor Rockwell D. Hunt in 1954. “The work-day often is below the eight-hour standard, and more and more the five-day work-week is being ushered in. But atop all these there are important workers’ benefits

The Pentagon: A History

by Steve Vogel  · 26 May 2008  · 760pp  · 218,087 words

send that General right way Straight back to the Arkansaw Such verse-mongering was one of the few outlets the draftsmen had—with work days that sometimes stretched to eighteen hours, there was almost no time for a social life. Van der Gracht would make it home around eleven at night to

The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation

by Carl Benedikt Frey  · 17 Jun 2019  · 626pp  · 167,836 words

day that he let the engine run wild, and it was thrown completely out of order.”52 And children could be made to work longer hours. Their working days lasted up to eighteen hours, and as machines could operate ceaselessly day and night, children were frequently forced into shift work, to take

Energy and Civilization: A History

by Vaclav Smil  · 11 May 2017

field work during the fall and spring plowing and the summer harvesting, but most of them were used extensively for transport. A typical working day ranged from just five hours for oxen in many African locations to more than ten hours for water buffaloes in Asian rice fields and for horses during European

Crucible: The Long End of the Great War and the Birth of a New World, 1917-1924

by Charles Emmerson  · 14 Oct 2019  · 950pp  · 297,713 words

you taken to fight the bourgeois executioners?’ the impatient revolutionary asks Munich’s Bolsheviks in a letter at the end of April. ‘Has the six-hour working day with two- or three-hour instruction in state administration been introduced?’ he enquires. ‘Have you taken hostages from the bourgeoisie?’ Leviné’s Bavarian Soviet Republic

Character Limit: How Elon Musk Destroyed Twitter

by Kate Conger and Ryan Mac  · 17 Sep 2024

layoffs that removed many, many executives and managers, Musk had more than a hundred people reporting to him. The intensity of it all—the eighteen-hour working days, the middle-of-the-night emails and texts, the whiplash changes of heart—began to weigh on them. Even Crawford was starting to feel the

Andrew Carnegie

by David Nasaw  · 15 Nov 2007  · 1,230pp  · 357,848 words

without a fight. There was probably no issue on which factory owners and workers were in greater disagreement than on the number of hours that should make up a working day. That issue had arisen in the 1830s and 1840s when gas lighting was introduced, making it possible to extend the workday beyond

Scandinavia

by Andy Symington  · 24 Feb 2012

and in 1921 a Social Democrat and Liberal coalition government took control for the first time. Reforms followed quickly; the new government introduced the eight-hour work day and suffrage for all adults over the age of 23. The Social Democrats dominated politics after 1932. After the hardships caused by the Depression, they

The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power

by Daniel Yergin  · 23 Dec 2008  · 1,445pp  · 469,426 words

empire. Living and working conditions in the area were deplorable. Most workers were in Baku without their families, and in Batum, the working day was often fourteen hours, with two hours of compulsory overtime. Baku became the "revolutionary hotbed on the Caspian." Hidden away deep in the heart of its Tatar quarter was a

J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax

by J K Lasser Institute  · 30 Oct 2012  · 2,045pp  · 566,714 words

be incurred while “away from home” and this test requires that they be on a business trip that lasts longer than a regular working day (but not necessarily 24 hours) and requires time off to sleep (not just to eat or rest) before returning home. Meal costs while away from home are subject

Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, From the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First

by Frank Trentmann  · 1 Dec 2015  · 1,213pp  · 376,284 words

that recreation was not dishonourable.97 Communist China underwent its own revolution in time. Mao ordered workers to sleep in the middle of the work day. A three-hour nap was quite normal, the very opposite of intense leisure and an intervention that makes Western decelerators look positively feeble.98 Today, the Chinese

J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2022: For Preparing Your 2021 Tax Return

by J. K. Lasser Institute  · 21 Dec 2021

be incurred while “away from home” and this test requires that they be on a business trip that lasts longer than a regular working day (but not necessarily 24 hours) and requires time off to sleep (not just to eat or rest) before returning home. Non-restaurant meals while away from home

The Rough Guide to Mexico

by Rough Guides  · 15 Jan 2022

animals. Día de Santiago Apóstol (July 25). Lively celebrations and fireworks in Tuxpan (southeast of Ciudad Guzmán) and Uruapan (see page 240). Fiesta tradicional (Aug 8). Ancient pre-Columbian fiesta in Paracho (65km south of Zamora). Feria Nacional del Cobre (ten days in July or August). National Copper Fair in Santa

…

to ratify his position. The document it produced – the present Mexican Constitution – included most of the Revolutionary demands, among them workers’ rights, a mandatory eight-hour working day, national ownership of all mineral rights and the distribution of large landholdings and formerly communal properties to the peasantry. Carranza was formally elected in May

Construction Project Management

by S. Keoki Sears  · 7 Feb 2015

for network activities will be used exclusively in this book. In the construction industry, activity durations are customarily expressed in terms of working days, although other time units, such as hours, shifts, or calendar weeks, are sometimes used. The main criterion is that the unit chosen be harmonious with the project and

…

abutment involves the driving of twenty‐eight 40‐foot‐long piles. Dividing the total lineal footage of 1,120 feet by 70 gives 16 hours, or two working days. 28 piles × 40 ft /pile = 1.140 ft 1,140 ft ÷ 70 ft /hr = 16.3 hrs 101 102 5 Project Scheduling Concepts

…

to pour the abutment. Each abutment contains 140 cubic yards of concrete, and dividing this by 10 cubic yards per hour gives 14 hours, or about two working days. 140 cy ÷ 8.75 cy /hr = 16 hrs Another approach in determining activity times is to assume a crew size and use the estimated labor

…

the practical consideration; when workers are laid off for a few days, they may no longer be available and they may be difficult to replace. 8.8 Manpower Leveling Manpower levelingg is the process of smoothing out daily labor demands. Perfection in this regard can never be attained, but often the worst

State of Emergency: The Way We Were

by Dominic Sandbrook  · 29 Sep 2010  · 932pp  · 307,785 words

) 4. Boys smoking (Getty Hulton) 5. Old lady awaiting eviction (Getty Hulton) 6. Women at the Highbury Quadrant (Getty Hulton) 7. Jack Jones (Getty Hulton) 8. Postal workers (Getty Hulton) 9. Tony Benn (Getty Hulton) 10. A pit accident (Getty Hulton) 11. Announcement of three-day week (Getty Hulton) 12. Saltley

…

is that the economic impact of the three-day week was much smaller than anyone had imagined. Since many companies offered their men longer hours on their three working days, average weekly take-home pay actually fell by just £2 from £37.69 in December to £35.71 in January. The rise in

J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2016: For Preparing Your 2015 Tax Return

by J. K. Lasser Institute  · 19 Oct 2015

be incurred while “away from home” and this test requires that they be on a business trip that lasts longer than a regular working day (but not necessarily 24 hours) and requires time off to sleep (not just to eat or rest) before returning home. Meal costs while away from home are

J.K. Lasser's Your Income Tax 2014

by J. K. Lasser  · 5 Oct 2013  · 1,845pp  · 567,850 words

be incurred while “away from home” and this test requires that they be on a business trip that lasts longer than a regular working day (but not necessarily 24 hours) and requires time off to sleep (not just to eat or rest) before returning home. Meal costs while away from home are

Lonely Planet Turkey

by Lonely Planet  · 1,236pp  · 320,184 words

are likely to stay open later in summer than in winter, and tourist offices in popular locations, which open for longer hours and sometimes at weekends during summer. The working day shortens during the holy month of Ramazan. Devoutly religious cities such as Konya and Kayseri virtually shut down during noon prayers on

Lonely Planet Turkey (Travel Guide)

by Lonely Planet, James Bainbridge, Brett Atkinson, Steve Fallon, Jessica Lee, Virginia Maxwell, Hugh McNaughtan and John Noble  · 31 Jan 2017  · 2,313pp  · 330,238 words

, which are likely to stay open later in summer than in winter, and tourist offices in popular locations, which open for longer hours and at weekends during summer. The working day shortens during the holy month of Ramazan, which currently falls during the early summer. More Islamic cities such as Konya and Kayseri

…

on Friday (the Muslim sabbath); apart from that, Friday is a normal working day. We’ve provided summer high-season opening hours in our coverage; hours will generally decrease in the shoulder and low seasons. The following are standard opening hours. Information 8.30am-noon and 1.30-5pm Monday to Friday Eating 11am-10pm