description: a Russian-American economist and a professor at Harvard University, known for his work in the field of finance
111 results
by Justin Fox · 29 May 2009 · 461pp · 128,421 words
1987 exposes big flaws in the rational finance view of risk. But a rescue by the Federal Reserve averts a full reexamination. The Fall 14. Andrei Shleifer Moves Beyond Rabbi Economics The efficient market’s critics triumph by showing why irrational market forces can sometimes be just as pervasive as the rational
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signed—legislation barring regulation of over-the-counter derivatives. The market was working, the reasoning went. Why get in the way? THE FALL CHAPTER 14 ANDREI SHLEIFER MOVES BEYOND RABBI ECONOMICS The efficient market’s critics triumph by showing why irrational market forces can sometimes be just as pervasive as the rational
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ones. IN 1985, MIT GRADUATE STUDENT Andrei Shleifer assembled what he thought was compelling evidence against the efficient market hypothesis. He found that, starting in September 1976—the month after Vanguard launched the
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—let alone evidence—of how arbitrage was supposed to work on a market-wide scale. The arbitrage argument was rabbi economics too. This is what Andrei Shleifer set out to demonstrate. Shleifer had arrived in the United States as a fifteen-year-old in 1976, having fled the Soviet Union with his
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thinkers in Germany, Japan, and even France echoing Jensen’s arguments.12 Even most of the academic critics of the efficient market hypothesis went along. Andrei Shleifer spent part of the decade telling the Russians to privatize. Bob Shiller tried to create new securities to allow investors to bet on economic events
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issuing new shares. Both these actions increased the supply of stock available, putting downward pressure on the stock price. In 2002, two former students of Andrei Shleifer proposed that by issuing stock when prices were high and repurchasing it when they were low, corporate America was in fact playing the crucial arbitrage
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million boneheaded investors. But now Fama and French had come around—without quite admitting that they had—to the argument made a decade before by Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny: Smart arbitrageurs could undo some of the damage wrought by the misinformed, but they couldn’t undo all if it. “Offsetting actions
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, and said, “That’s why I don’t teach corporate finance anymore.” Other, less senior scholars didn’t have that option. Malcolm Baker was an Andrei Shleifer protégé from Harvard’s Economics Department who moved across the Charles River after getting his Ph.D. in 2000 to teach at Harvard Business School
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market hypothesis, then warned in the late 1990s of irrational exuberance in stock prices and in the early 2000s of irrational exuberance in home prices. Andrei Shleifer Protégé of Lawrence Summers who played a key role in explaining why arbitrage—which was supposed to keep prices in financial markets rational—didn’t
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, for which I am hugely grateful. A few have been so encouraging and helpful as to deserve special thanks: Cliff Asness, Michael Jensen, Bill Sharpe, Andrei Shleifer, Larry Summers, Joseph Stiglitz, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, and Richard Thaler. Peter Bernstein provided a wonderful model for this book with his Capital Ideas: The Improbable
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. Prais, Alfred Rappaport, Kenneth Reid, Jay Ritter, Richard Roll, Barr Rosenberg, Stephen Ross, Mark Rubinstein, Paul Samuelson, Myron Scholes, William Sharpe, Hersh Shefrin, Robert Shiller, Andrei Shleifer, Harindra de Silva, Rex Sinquefield, Meir Statman, Jeremy Stein, Joel Stern, Joseph Stiglitz, Lawrence Summers, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Richard Thaler, Edward Thorp, Sheridan Titman, Jack
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(July 1985): 633–35. 22. Lawrence H. Summers, “Finance and Idiots,” copy of undated paper with comments from Fischer Black, provided to the author by Andrei Shleifer. 23. Hersh M. Shefrin and Meir Statman, “Explaining Investor Preference for Cash Dividends,” Journal of Financial Economics (1984): 253–82. The Journal of Finance had
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–59; Keynes, General Theory, 160; “Glass’s 5% Tax Plan Stirs Wall Street,” New York Times, June 6, 1929, 6. CHAPTER 14: ANDREI SHLEIFER MOVES BEYOND RABBI ECONOMICS 1. Andrei Shleifer, “Do Demand Curves for Stocks Slope Down?” Journal of Finance (July 1986): 579–90. 2. This is Shleifer’s recollection. Scholes doesn’t
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recall the event but admits it sounds like something he would’ve said. 3. Oliver Blanchard, “In Honor of Andrei Shleifer: Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (Winter 2001): 189–204. 4. Shleifer ran an advisory office in Moscow that was
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K. C. Chan and Josef Lakonishok, “Are the Reports of Beta’s Death Premature?” Journal of Portfolio Management (Summer 1993): 51–62. 7. Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, Richard Thaler, Robert Vishny, “Window Dressing by Pension Fund Managers,” American Economic Review (May 1991): 227–31. 8. “Pensions & Investments/Watson Wyatt World 500: The
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, 1936), 157. 10. Amir Barnea, Robert A. Haugen, and Lemma W. Senbet, Agency Problems and Financial Contracting (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985). 11. Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny, “The Limits of Arbitrage,” Journal of Finance (March 1997): 37. 12. Jeremy J. Siegel, Stocks for the Long Run, 2nd ed
by Antti Ilmanen · 4 Apr 2011 · 1,088pp · 228,743 words
Huang; and Tano Santos (2001), “Prospect theory and asset prices,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 116, 1–53. Barberis, Nicholas; and Andrei Shleifer (2003), “Style investing,” Journal of Financial Economics 68, 161–199. Barberis, Nicholas; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert Vishny (1998), “A model of investor sentiment,” Journal of Financial Economics 49, 307–345. Barberis, Nicholas
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; Andrei Shleifer; and Jeffrey Wurgler (2005), “Comovement,” Journal of Financial Economics 75, 283–317. Barberis, Nicholas; and Richard H. Thaler (2003), “A survey of behavioral finance,” in
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. Booth, David G.; and Eugene F. Fama (1992), “Diversification returns and asset contributions,” Financial Analysts Journal (May/June), 26–32. Bordalo, Pedro; Nicola Gennaioli; and Andrei Shleifer (2010), “Salience theory of choice under risk,” Harvard University working paper. Boston Consulting Group (2010), In Search of Stable Growth: Global Asset Management 2010, annual
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Hill. DeBondt, Werner F.M.; and Richard Thaler (1985), “Does the stock market overreact?” Journal of Finance 40(3), 793–805. De Long, J. Bradford; Andrei Shleifer; Lawrence H. Summers; and Robert J. Waldmann (1990), “Positive feedback investment strategies and destabilizing rational speculation,” Journal of Finance 45, 375–395. De Rossi, Giuliano
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and Their Remarkable Solutions, John Wiley & Sons. Kumar, Alok (2009), “Who gambles in the stock market?” Journal of Finance 64(4), 1889–1933. Lakonishok, Josef; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert W. Vishny (1994), “Contrarian investment, extrapolation, and risk,” Journal of Finance 49(5), 1541–1578. Lamont, Owen A.; and Richard H. Thaler (2003
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of style investing in the US: The importance of sectors,” Global Quantitative Research Monograph, UBS Investment Research, July 9, 2008. La Porta, Rafael; Josef Lakonishok; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert Vishny (1997), “Good news for value stocks: Further evidence on market efficiency,” Journal of Finance 49, 1541–1578. Laubach, Thomas (2007), “New evidence
by Richard H. Thaler · 10 May 2015 · 500pp · 145,005 words
, their appearances becoming increasingly irregular. The last appeared in 2006. Shortly thereafter, the column was officially retired. The editor of the journal at that time, Andrei Shleifer, declared that their purpose had been served. That was a polite way of saying that my job chronicling anomalies had ended. I was fired. ________________ * One
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me. Eric also invited Larry Summers to come to the inaugural meeting, but Larry couldn’t come and suggested inviting one of his recent students, Andrei Shleifer. It was at that meeting that I first met the rambunctious Andrei, who would later become my collaborator. Jon Elster, the eclectic Norwegian philosopher who
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a portfolio of large growth stocks. In my mind, a paper titled “Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk” published in 1994 by financial economists Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny settled any remaining questions about whether value stocks are riskier. They are not. It also convinced the authors of the paper, since
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: “THERE ARE IDIOTS. Look around.”* Three graduate students who had met when they shared a suite during their first year as undergraduates—Brad De Long, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Waldmann—joined Summers to produce a more rigorous, thorough, and polite version of the “idiots” paper. The model they proposed used closed-end
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might be able to build on some of the work Charles had done for his term paper to fill in that gap, and we asked Andrei Shleifer, who had recently joined the faculty at the University of Chicago, to join us on this project. Charles, Andrei, and I then wrote a paper
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paper. Miller was a sharp-witted guy, and the comment was written in his usual swashbuckling style. They started their paper this way: “Charles Lee, Andrei Shleifer, and Richard Thaler (1991) claim to solve not one, but two, long-standing puzzles—discounts on closed-end funds and the small firm effect. Both
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more expensive. Within weeks, LTCM had collapsed from this and other “arbitrage” opportunities that got worse before they got better. The LTCM example illustrates what Andrei Shleifer and his frequent coauthor Robert Vishny call the “limits of arbitrage.” In fact, in a paper they published on this topic in 1997, a year
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Economic Review 93, no. 2: 180–5. ———. 2009. “Reinforcement Learning and Savings Behavior.” Journal of Finance 64, no. 6: 2515–34. Chopra, Navin, Charles Lee, Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler. 1993a. “Yes, Discounts on Closed-End Funds Are a Sentiment Index.” Journal of Finance 48, no. 2: 801–8. ———. 1993b. “Summing
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, Werner F. M., and Richard H. Thaler. 1985. “Does the Stock Market Overreact?” Journal of Finance 40, no. 3: 793–805. De Long, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann. 1990. “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 4: 703–38. DellaVigna, Stefano
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Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Laibson, David. 1997. “Golden Eggs and Hyperbolic Discounting.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 112, no. 2: 443–78. Lakonishok, Josef, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. 1994. “Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk.” Journal of Finance 49, no. 5: 1541–78. Lamont, Owen A., and Richard H. Thaler
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Political Economy 111, no. 2: 227–68. Landsberger, Michael. 1966. “Windfall Income and Consumption: Comment.” American Economic Review 56, no. 3: 534–40. Lee, Charles, Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler. 1991. “Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle.” Journal of Finance 46, no. 1: 75–109. Lester, Richard A. 1946
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a book, buy it. It will be fantastic. Other friends who offered opinions about various sections include Nick Barberis, Shlomo Benartzi, Alain Cohn, Owen Lamont, Andrei Shleifer, and Rob Vishny. As usual, I talked for many hours with Sendhil Mullainathan about this book, and he made it smarter, as he always does
by Antti Ilmanen · 24 Feb 2022
(2003), “A survey of behavioral finance,” in the Handbook of the Economics of Finance (Constantinides, G., Harris, M., Stulz, R. eds.), North Holland. Barberis, Nicholas; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert Vishny (1998), “A model of investor sentiment,” Journal of Financial Economics 49, 307–345. Barberis, Nicholas; Lawrence J. Jin; and Baolian Wang (2021
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), “Conditional volatility targeting,” Financial Analysts Journal 76(4), 54–71. Bordalo, Pedro; Nicola Gennaioli; and Andrei Shleifer (2013), “Salience and asset prices,” American Economic Review 103(3), 623–28. Bordalo, Pedro; Nicola Gennaioli; Rafael LaPorta; and Andrei Shleifer (2019), “Diagnostic expectations and stock returns,” Journal of Finance 74(6), 2839–2874. Borio, Claudio; Piti
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–284. De la O, Ricardo; and Sean Myers, Sean (2021), “Subjective cash flow and discount rate expectations,” Journal of Finance forthcoming. De Long, J. Bradford; Andrei Shleifer; Lawrence H. Summers; and Robert J. Waldmann (1990), “Positive feedback investment strategies and destabilizing rational speculation,” Journal of Finance 45, 375–395. Demers, Andrew; and
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reviews and stock returns,” Journal of Financial Economics 134(1), 236–251. Greenwood, Robin M.; Samuel G. Hanson; Andrei Shleifer; and Jakob Sørensen, (2020), “Predictable financial crises,” NBER working paper 27396. Greenwood, Robin; and Andrei Shleifer (2014). “Expectations of returns and expected returns,” Review of Financial Studies 27(3), 714–746. Greenwood, Robin; Samuel
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'Her, Jean-François; Tarek Masmoudi; and Ram Karthik Krishnamoorthy (2018), “Net buybacks and the seven dwarfs,” Financial Analysts Journal 74(4), 57–85. Lakonishok, Josef; Andrei Shleifer; and Robert W. Vishny (1994), “Contrarian investment, extrapolation, and risk,” Journal of Finance 49(5), 1541–1578. Leibowitz, Martin L.; Anthony Bova; and P. Brett
by Vijay Singal · 15 Jun 2004 · 369pp · 128,349 words
former students, David Booth and Rex Sinquefield. LSV Asset Management, which manages about $8 billion, is owned by Josef Lakonishok of the University of Illinois, Andrei Shleifer of Harvard, and Robert Vishny of the University of Chicago. Long Term Capital Management, whose failure shook world financial markets in 1998 and which had
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Jones–Irwin). Keim, Donald B. 1983. Size-Related Anomalies and Stock Return Seasonality: Further Empirical Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics 12, 13–32. Lakonishok, Josef, Andrei Shleifer, Richard Thaler, and Robert Vishny. 1991. Window Dressing by Pension Fund Managers. American Economic Review 81, 227–31. Poterba, James M., and Scott J. Weisbenner
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M., and Terrance Odean. 2001. Boys Will Be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 116(1), 261–92. Barberis, Nicholas, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. 1998. A Model of Investor Sentiment. Journal of Financial Economics 49(3), 307–43. Barsky, Robert B., and J. Bradford De Long
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, Kent, David Hirshleifer, and Avanidhar Subrahmanyam. 1998. Investor Psychology and Security Market Under- and Overreactions. Journal of Finance 53(6), 1839–85. DeLong, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann. 1990a. Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets. Journal of Political Economy 98(4), 703–38. — — — . 1990b. Positive Feedback
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Miller. 1993. Are the Discounts on Closed End Funds a Sentiment Index? Journal of Finance 48(2), 795–800. Chopra, Navin, Charles M. C. Lee, Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler. 1993. Yes, Discounts on Closed-End Funds are a Sentiment Index. Journal of Finance 48(2), 801–8. Coles, Jeffrey L
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. 1992. A Re-examination of the Relationship Between Closed-End Fund Discounts and Expenses. Journal of Financial Research 15, 139–47. Lee, Charles M. C., Andrei Shleifer, and Richard H. Thaler. 1990. Anomalies: Closed-End Mutual Funds. Journal of Economic Perspectives 4(4), 153–64. Malkiel, Burton G. 1995. The Structure of
by Michael J. Mauboussin · 1 Jan 2006 · 348pp · 83,490 words
often fail to distinguish between the individual and the collective. Mug’s Game? Behavioral-finance experts understand the role of diversity in price formation. As Andrei Shleifer writes in his excellent book Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance:The efficient market hypothesis does not live or die by investor rationality. In
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. Hassett, Dow 36,000: The New Strategy for Profiting from the Coming Rise in the Stock Market (New York: Times Books, 1999). 10 Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny, “Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk,” Journal of Finance 49, no. 5 (December 1994): 1541-78. 11 Bernstein, “Of Risk and Myopia
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(Warwick: University of Warwick, 2000), 92-105; http://www2.isye.gatechedu/˜carl/papers/cc.pdf. 4 For a discussion about the limits of arbitrage, see Andrei Shleifer, Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). 5 Investors should also note that feedback operates at different levels. There can
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of Information and Herd Behavior: An Application to Financial Markets,” Physical Review Letters 85, no. 26 (December 25, 2000): 5659-62. 14 J. Bradford DeLong, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann, “Positive Feedback Investment Strategies and Destabilizing Rational Speculation,” Journal of Finance 45, no. 2 (June 1990): 379-95
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, 2000), 5. 4 Vernon L. Smith, “An Experimental Study of Competitive Market Behavior,” Journal of Political Economy 70, no. 3 (June 1962): 111-37. 5 Andrei Shleifer, Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 3. A few pages later, Shleifer is bolder: “It is this argument that
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Joshua Pollet. “Attention, Demographics, and the Stock Market.” Working Paper, November 23, 2003. http://fisher.osu.edu/fin/dice/seminars/pollet.pdf. DeLong, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann. “Positive Feedback Investment Strategies and Destabilizing Rational Speculation.” Journal of Finance 45, no. 2 (June 1990): 379-95
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the Market?” Barron’s, March 17, 2003. Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980. Lakonishok, Josef, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. “Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, and Risk.” Journal of Finance 49, no. 5 (December 1994): 1541-78. Laplace, Pierre Simon. A Philosophical Essay
by Doug Henwood · 30 Aug 1998 · 586pp · 159,901 words
of the business cycle, responding quickly to changes in interest rates and central bank policy, rather than being the independent cause of anything. Randall Morck, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny (1990) found that over the period 1960-1987, the stock market explained very little of the change in real investment once fundamentals
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old redwoods that the latter wouldn't cut. Maxxam, powered by junk, took over Pacific Lumber and liquidated the trees. Thinking like economists, Sanjai Bhagat, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny (1990, p. 54), declared that "we have a case in which cutting the trees raises efficiency." And if trees are not sacrificed
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and Debt: The PSI Report {London: Policy Studies Institute). Betker, Brian L. (1995). "Administrative Costs of Debt Restructurings," Ohio State University mimeo (May). Bhagat, Sanjai, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny (1990). "Hostile Takeovers in the 1980s: The Return to Corporate Specialization," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, pp. 1-85. Bilello
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on IPOs," Wall Street Journal. June 18, p. A3. Kurtz, Howard (1994). "Media Awash in Whitewater, Some Critics Warn," Washington Post, March 12. Lakonishok, Josef, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny (1992). "The Structure and Performance of the Money Management Industry," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, pp. 339-392. Landsman, Wayne
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the Money Supply," in Arestis (1988), pp. 122-151. — (1988b). Horizontalists and Verticalists: The Macroeconomics of Credit Money (Nev/ York: Cambridge University Press). Morck, Randall, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W, Vishny (1990). "The Stock Market and Investment: Is the Market a Sideshow?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2, pp. 157-215. Morgenstern
by George A. Akerlof, Robert J. Shiller and Stanley B Resor Professor Of Economics Robert J Shiller · 21 Sep 2015 · 274pp · 93,758 words
.html. 3. Akerlof and Romer, “Looting.” 4. For use of the concept of “tunneling,” see Simon Johnson, Rafael La Porta, Florencio López de Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, “Tunneling,” American Economic Review 90, no. 2 (May 2000): 22–27. 5. Council of Economic Advisors, Economic Report of the President 2013, table B-64
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Causes and Consequences,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 1 (Winter 1988): 21–48. 29. This opposite side of the coin has been argued in Andrei Shleifer and Lawrence H. Summers, “Breach of Trust in Hostile Takeovers,” in Corporate Takeovers: Causes and Consequences, ed. Alan J. Auerbach (Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), p. 291, fig. 8.5, and p. 292, fig. 8.6. 36. Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny, “The Takeover Wave of the 1980s,” Science 249, no. 4970 (1990): 745–49. Chapter Eleven: The Resistance and Its Heroes 1
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J. Shiller, “Cointegration and Tests of Present Value Models,” Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 5 (October 1987): 1062–88. 15. J. Bradford De Long, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann, “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets,” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 4 (August 1990): 703–38. 16
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. 17. See De Long, Shleifer, Summers, and Waldmann, “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets.” 18. See formulas 21 and 25 in J. Bradford De Long, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann, “The Size and Incidence of the Losses from Noise Trading,” Journal of Finance 44, no. 3 (1989): 688
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(May 2004): 353–402. __________. “Paying Not to Go to the Gym.” American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (June 2006): 694–719. De Long, J. Bradford, Andrei Shleifer, Lawrence H. Summers, and Robert J. Waldmann. “Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets.” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 4 (August 1990): 703–38. __________. “The
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: Their Causes and Consequences.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 1 (Winter 1988): 21–48. Johnson, Simon, Rafael La Porta, Florencio López de Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. “Tunneling.” American Economic Review 90, no. 2 (May 2000): 22–27. Joint Committee on Taxation. “Estimated Budget Effects of the Conference Agreement for H.R
by Sangeet Paul Choudary, Marshall W. van Alstyne and Geoffrey G. Parker · 27 Mar 2016 · 421pp · 110,406 words
, social, and economic systems that reduce the likelihood of regulatory capture—for example, through laws that restrict the “revolving door” between business and government. Economist Andrei Shleifer, a scholar in the areas of corporate governance and government regulation, points out that there are strong differences in the prevalence of regulatory capture across
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11.1) reflects the tradeoff between social losses because of private misdeeds and social losses because of government misbehavior. Over the last two generations, as Andrei Shleifer has noted, most economists and political theorists have shifted from viewing government intervention in a positive light to preferring privatization.18 Today, there’s a
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, December 3, 2014, http://www.laweekly.com/news/how-ebay-amazon-and-alibaba-fuel-the-worlds-top-illegal-industry-the-counterfeit-products-market-5261019. 17. Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny, “A Survey of Corporate Governance,” Journal of Finance 52, no. 2 (1997): 737–83, esp. 737. 18. Steve Denning, “The Dumbest
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-taxi-cab-industry/373660/. 12. Don Boudreaux, “Uber vs. Piketty,” Cafe Hayek, August 1, 2015, http://cafehayek.com/2015/08/uber-vs-piketty.html. 13. Andrei Shleifer, “Understanding Regulation,” European Financial Management 11, no. 4 (2005): 439–51. 14. Jean-Jacques Laffont and Jean Tirole, Competition in Telecommunications (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
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/business/2012-was-the-safest-year-for-airlines-globally-since-1945.html. 17. Simeon Djankov, Edward Glaeser, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer, “The New Comparative Economics,” Journal of Comparative Economics 31, no. 4 (2003): 595–619. 18. Shleifer, “Understanding Regulation.” 19. KPMG, “China 360: E-Commerce in
by Ashoka Mody · 7 May 2018
, as popular demand for greater government accountability and judicial prosecution of corrupt politicians weakened the Christian Democratic Party’s grip on power. However, as economists Andrei Shleifer and Robert Vishny explain, once corruption is widespread, it is hard to roll back.247 In Italy, political scientist 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400
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with and participate in those networks rather than try to buck them.50 Greece was in a high-corruption, low-productivity trap. Economists Kevin Murphy, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny explain that once the extent of corruption exceeds a threshold, the incentives and institutions to counteract corruption weaken.51 While corruption offers
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in Indonesia. Berkeley: University of California Press. Geithner, Timothy F. 2014. Stress Test: Reflections on Financial Crises. New York: Crown/Archetype. Kindle edition. Gennaioli, Nicola, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. 2014. “Finance and the Preservation of Wealth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 3: 1221–1254. German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht). 1993
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.” In The Palgrave Handbook of European Banking, edited by Thorsten Beck and Barbara Casu. London: Palgrave Macmillan. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. 2002. “Government Ownership of Banks.” Journal of Finance 57, no. 1: 265–301. La Stampa. 2012. “Household Appliance Makers Struggle to Survive,” August 9. Laughland
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with an Iron Will.” Handelsblatt Global, December 17. Mundell, Robert. 1961. “A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas.” American Economic Review 51: 657–665. Murphy, Kevin, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny. 1993. “Why Is Rent-Seeking So Costly to Growth?” American Economic Review 83, no. 2: 409–414. Murphy, Richard. 1994. “Kohl Distances
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