God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History
by Stephen Hawking · 28 Mar 2007
. Leonhard Euler: Getty Images. Pierre Simon de Laplace: Getty Images. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier: Science and Society Picture Library, London. Carl Friedrich Gauss: Getty Images. Augustin-Louis Cauchy: © Bettmann/CORBIS. Évariste Galois: © Bettmann/CORBIS. George Boole: © CORBIS. Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann: © Bettmann/CORBIS. Karl Weierstrass: © Bettmann/CORBIS. Richard Dedekind: Frontispiece from Richard Dedekind
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GAUSS (1777–1855) His Life and Work Selections from Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Arithmetic Disquisitions) Section III Residues of Powers Section IV Congruences of the Second Degree AUGUSTIN-LOUIS CAUCHY (1789–1857) His Life and Work Selections from Oeuvres complètes d’Augustin Cauchy Résumé des leçons données à l’École Royale Polytechnique sur le calcul
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without the methods of Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier or the work on calculus and the theory of complex functions pioneered by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Augustin-Louis Cauchy—and it was Henri Lebesgue’s work on the theory of measure that enabled John von Neumann to formulate the rigorous understanding of quantum theory
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. Petrop. which we have praised from time to time. [Dissertation 13 is entitled “De insigni promotione scientiae numerorum” Ed. Note.] 41Section VIII was not published. Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857) HIS LIFE AND WORK Euclid earned an income teaching. Among his students was Ptolemy I, King of Egypt. King Ptolemy once asked his
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to geometry.” Perhaps there is no royal road to mathematics in general and geometry particular. However, if any mathematician rode with the royals, it was Augustin-Louis Cauchy. Augustin-Louis Cauchy was born during the infancy of the French Revolution, on August 21, 1789. His parents, Louis-François Cauchy and Marie-Madeleine Cauchy, neé Desestre, named
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, and he fled to a country house in Arcueil with his family that by now included a second son. This would be the first of Augustin-Louis Cauchy’s flights from political upheaval. The Cauchys’ exile in Arcueil may have been hard at times but it had its benefits. Principal among them may
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at ancient languages earning first-place prizes in Latin composition and Greek poetry competitions. Even though he had developed a distinguished record studying classical languages, Augustin-Louis Cauchy had his heart set on studying engineering at the École Polytechnique. Cauchy ranked second among all of the applicants to the École Polytechnique in 1805
Fermat’s Last Theorem
by Simon Singh · 1 Jan 1997 · 289pp · 85,315 words
of seventeen he had made sufficient progress to submit two research papers to the Academy of Sciences. The referee appointed to judge the papers was Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who many years later would argue with Lamé over an ultimately flawed proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem. Cauchy was highly impressed by the young
The Misbehavior of Markets: A Fractal View of Financial Turbulence
by Benoit Mandelbrot and Richard L. Hudson · 7 Mar 2006 · 364pp · 101,286 words
way to look at the world, but is it the only way? Not at all. Late in his long life, the nineteenth-century French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy thought of an especially tricky one. It was, when I was younger, viewed as interesting—but unrealistic and contrived. My work made it very real
The Music of the Primes
by Marcus Du Sautoy · 26 Apr 2004 · 434pp · 135,226 words
the latest volumes of the influential French journal Comptes Rendus and holed himself up in his room to pore over papers by the mathematical revolutionary Augustin-Louis Cauchy. Cauchy was a child of the Revolution, born a few weeks after the fall of the Bastille in 1789. Undernourished by the little food available
The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan
by Robert Kanigel · 25 Apr 2016
went further yet. None of them were English. And the English professed not to care. Why, before the turn of the century, Cauchy—the Cauchy, Augustin Louis Cauchy, the Cauchy who had launched the French school of analysis, the Cauchy of the Cauchy integral formula—was commonly referred to around Cambridge as “Corky
Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI
by Anil Ananthaswamy · 15 Jul 2024 · 416pp · 118,522 words
steps is minimized. Understanding how this works requires delving into some simple calculus and learning a method that was first proposed in 1847 by Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy, a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist. It’s called the method of steepest descent. DOWN FROM ON HIGH If you have seen pictures of—or
Literary Theory for Robots: How Computers Learned to Write
by Dennis Yi Tenen · 6 Feb 2024 · 169pp · 41,887 words
diverging paths. The road more traveled leads to the development of modern calculus (literally “the small pebble” in Latin) through the work of Maria Agnesi, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Louis Arbogast, Bernhard Riemann, and John von Neumann. The larger, though now somewhat neglected, pebble rolled down the road of universal language, leading directly to
Models. Behaving. Badly.: Why Confusing Illusion With Reality Can Lead to Disaster, on Wall Street and in Life
by Emanuel Derman · 13 Oct 2011 · 240pp · 60,660 words
made rigorous by purists. Newton invented the calculus in the seventeenth century to handle mechanics, and its foundations were satisfactorily cleaned up years later by Augustin-Louis Cauchy and his contemporaries. In the late 1940s, reconnoitering around the technical difficulties of the Dirac sea, Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Shin’ichiro Tomonaga found
The Power Makers
by Maury Klein · 26 May 2008 · 782pp · 245,875 words
who argued that light consisted of waves, the luminiferous ether was a gaslike substance through which both light and solids somehow moved. A French mathematician, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, worked out a mathematical basis for the properties of ether that made Fresnel’s theory at least plausible if not satisfying to scientists.33 The
Doing Data Science: Straight Talk From the Frontline
by Cathy O'Neil and Rachel Schutt · 8 Oct 2013 · 523pp · 112,185 words
diminution and disappearance of older experts. In the book that introduced the much beloved (or dreaded) epsilons and deltas into real analysis, the great mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy blamed statisticians for the French Revolution: “Let us cultivate the mathematical sciences with ardor, without wanting to extend them beyond their domain; and let us