by Anne C. Heller · 27 Oct 2009 · 756pp · 228,797 words
discussed their native land, she wondered if he would express second thoughts, or possibly regret, about his government’s failure to take seriously enough the Bolshevik threat in 1917. Instead, she listened, appalled, as he prattled on about how much Russians hated Stalin and how much they had loved Kerensky. Worse, summoning
by Margaret Macmillan; Richard Holbrooke; Casey Hampton · 1 Jan 2001
with. The new German government had to be able to put down rebellion at home. Should it also be strong enough to hold off the Bolshevik threat from the east? The Allies could not do it for them. Neither could the states of central Europe. They were not only struggling to survive
by Jonathan Haslam · 21 Sep 2015 · 525pp · 131,496 words
. Not only did MI6 carry out espionage on its own account, but it could also rely on help from foreign countries similarly preoccupied by the Bolshevik threat. The KRO report for 1923–1924 noted, “So, for example, the intelligence services of Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania, and, to a certain extent, those
by Odd Arne Westad · 4 Sep 2017 · 846pp · 250,145 words
. Atrocities against Jews were common. Hitler equated Bolshevism with Jewish rule and called his war against Stalin a “crusade to save Europe” from a Judeo-Bolshevik threat. Romanian, Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Finnish, and Spanish forces joined the Germans in the first months of the offensive. The German attack on the Soviet Union
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America and, 350 Pakistan and, 438 on US troops in Europe, 383 Vietnam and, 318–323, 330, 335–336, 377 Jordan, 154, 460–462 Judeo-Bolshevik threat, 45 Kádár, János, 205–206, 513, 585 Kaganovich, Lazar, 206 Kania, Stanislaw, 512 Karmal, Babrak, 530 Kashmir, 425, 430, 437–438 Kennan, George F., 90
by Noam Chomsky · 11 Sep 1987
Soviet proxy, threatening Mexico. In 1926, the marines were sent back to Nicaragua, which they had occupied through much of the century, to combat a Bolshevik threat. Then Mexico was a Soviet proxy, threatening Nicaragua, ultimately the United States itself. “Mexico was on trial before the world,” President Coolidge proclaimed as he
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though the cast of characters has changed, the bottom line remains the same: kill Nicaraguans. What did we do before we could appeal to the Bolshevik threat? Wood-row Wilson, the great apostle of self-determination, celebrated this doctrine by sending his warriors to invade Haiti and the Dominican Republic, where they
by William Blum · 15 Jan 2003
"The American Lake" safe for the fortunes of United Fruit and W.R. Grace & Co., at the same time taking care to warn of "the Bolshevik threat" to all that is decent from the likes of Nicaraguan rebel Augusto Sandino. By the end of the Second World War, every American past the
by Richard Overy · 29 Feb 2012 · 624pp · 191,758 words
of well-attested atrocities laid at Germany’s door. Though German allies and sympathisers – Italy, Spain, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia – sent troops to help fight the Bolshevik threat, their treatment at German hands was arrogant and discriminatory. Germany was feared and hated by most of Europe, and everything it did in the Soviet
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an opportunity to shift the moral ground of the conflict from uncritical confidence in victory to a sombre defence of the homeland against the barbaric Bolshevik threat. Goebbels was the inspiration behind the change. Hitler disliked the idea of a war of defence, since it smacked of weakness, but he accepted Goebbels
by Noam Chomsky · 14 Sep 2015
Caribbean for well over a century, generally in alleged defense against “outside threats.” In the late 1920s, the Marines invaded Nicaragua in defense against the “Bolshevik threat” of Mexico. Secretary of State Frank Kellogg warned that The Bolshevik leaders have had very definite ideas with respect to the role which Mexico and
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on trial before the world,” President Coolidge declared as he sent the Marines to Nicaragua, once again.2 Now Nicaragua is the base for the Bolshevik threat to Mexico, and ultimately the United States. It requires no great originality, then, when Reagan, speaking on national television, warns of Soviet intentions to surround
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they blocked constitutional government, reinstituted virtual slavery, tortured, murdered and destroyed, leaving a legacy of misery that remains until today. Evidently, there could be no Bolshevik threat at the time, so we claimed we were defending ourselves against the Huns. Marine Commander Thorpe told new Marine arrivals that the war would last
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favorites; at various moments of U.S. history the enemy invoked to justify aggression has been Britain, Spain, or the Huns, but since 1917 the Bolshevik threat has been the device most readily at hand. Hence the renewed appeal under Reagan to the threat of the Evil Empire, advancing to destroy us
by Noam Chomsky · 19 Jan 2016
Rome, later support for Hitler, was based on the doctrine that Fascism and Nazism were understandable, if sometimes extreme, reactions to the far more deadly Bolshevik threat—a threat that was internal, of course; no one thought the Red Army was on the march. Similarly, the US had to invade Nicaragua to
by Ron Chernow · 1 Jan 1990 · 1,335pp · 336,772 words
with Mexico, and some called for a military invasion. Secretary of State Kellogg had already condemned the regime of President Plutarco Elias Calles as a “Bolshevik threat.”18 In American eyes, Mexico had committed multiple sins. It had nationalized church property and closed Catholic schools, defaulted on foreign debt, insisted that oil
by George R. Tyler · 15 Jul 2013 · 772pp · 203,182 words
by Noam Chomsky · 19 Oct 2015