Worn: A People's History of Clothing
by Sofi Thanhauser · 25 Jan 2022 · 592pp · 133,460 words
. His two-pronged strategy was to consolidate U.S. military hegemony over the region, and to encourage the growth of export processing. He launched the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), which granted military aid and one-way duty-free access to the U.S. market for a designated range of products. U.S. garment
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certainly weren’t going to purchase American textiles when they had such a vast textile industry in their own backyard. In 1984, the year the Caribbean Basin Initiative first went into effect, United States textile corporations, apparel firms, importers, and retailers began lobbying to loosen import quotas and reduce tariffs in the Caribbean
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than cheap labor. It requires water supply, transport, telephone and other communications services, tax holidays, rental subsidies, and training grants. Export processing zones in the Caribbean Basin Initiative countries offered all these features, sponsored by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID had
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based in Hong Kong, Korea, and Taiwan to coordinate the actual manufacture, and these firms subcontracted the garment making to the Caribbean Basin. Although the Caribbean Basin Initiative was intended to spur economic growth, in practice, apparel brands used the Caribbean as a source of cheap labor while scrupulously curtailing any independent production
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almost impossible for local companies to develop their own export products for the American market. In some places, local garment manufacturers were thriving before the Caribbean Basin Initiative crippled them. This pattern first played out in Jamaica. Even before the CBI was enshrined in law, Jamaica’s prime minister Edward Seaga had enthusiastically
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. Seaga’s handling of the Jamaican economy met with Reagan’s frequent and vocal approval. Seaga became a crucial consultant to Reagan in forming the Caribbean Basin Initiative’s policies, and, in turn, Reagan held up Jamaica as an example of the type of development that the CBI would reward. In Seaga’s
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all the major American clothing retailers had arrangements in the region. The list of those found operating in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala under the Caribbean Basin Initiative included Walmart, Kmart, JCPenney, Sears, Saks Fifth Avenue, Calvin Klein, Christian Dior, Victoria’s Secret, Spiegel, Liz Claiborne, The Limited, and The Gap. Hiding behind
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will see people like that.” The poverty on display here is of the kind used to boast of the “opportunity” provided by the ZIPs. The Caribbean Basin Initiative didn’t create wealth for workers, but in Honduras, it did lead to the rise of a class of oligarchs who would exert a powerful
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the nation’s politics. Many of the elite families like the Canahuatis and Facussés rose up in the 1980s on the business enabled by the Caribbean Basin Initiative. They made their wealth from the foreign investment that flowed through the garment export processing sector. So when the Honduran government attempted to improve conditions
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–58, 160–61, 170–73, 180–82 carbon emissions, xii, 231, 237 carbon sequestration, 250–51, 264 carding wool, 233, 235, 284 career wear, 194 Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), 204–7, 218–19 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace report, 214 Carothers, Wallace Hume, 183 Carson, Christopher “Kit,” 274 Carter, Jimmy, 227–28 Cartwright
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–55 in textile factories, 17–18, 20–21, 28–30, 73–74, 75, 76–77, 162, 162n, 166–69, 167n, 186 export processing zones (EPZs) Caribbean Basin Initiative, 204–7, 218–19 company contracts with, 198–99 description of, 197–98, 208–9 as extraction zones, 214 in Honduras, 202, 203–6, 207
Year 501
by Noam Chomsky · 19 Jan 2016
it, is to return to the Third World service role.21 The situation is reminiscent of Japan in the 1930s, or of the Reagan-Bush Caribbean Basin Initiative, which encourages open export-oriented economies in the region while keeping US protectionist barriers intact, undermining possible benefits of free trade for the targeted societies
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, 194 Carey, Peter, 189 Caribbean colonialism in, 7, 30, 34, 194, 215, 275–76 in New World Order, 133, 250, 330 See also individual countries Caribbean Basin Initiative, 114 Carnegie, Andrew, 78, 106, 389–93 Carr, Caleb, 363, 420n48 Carter, Jimmy, 71, 105, 117, 157, 166, 201–02, 348–51, 382 China policy
The Rough Guide to Jamaica
by Thomas, Polly,Henzell, Laura.,Coates, Rob.,Vaitilingam, Adam.
in policy. The US took steps to open its markets to foreign imports and to encourage outward investment, most notably with the enactment of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (economic aid in return for free elections and cooperative governments), and foreign capital began to find its way back to Jamaica. However, Seaga was obliged
Cocaine Nation: How the White Trade Took Over the World
by Thomas Feiling · 20 Jul 2010 · 376pp · 121,254 words
the government to get even tougher. By the mid-1980s, the Jamaican police were responsible for a third of the island’s murders. Seaga’s Caribbean Basin Initiative brought untaxed sweatshops to the island, the female workforce for which he supplied from JLP constituencies. The Prime Minister also launched a programme to revitalize
Culture of Terrorism
by Noam Chomsky · 19 Oct 2015
, which was imposed without any effort to engage or organize the poor and even bypassed Salvadoran government specialists. Like the Alliance for Progress, Reagan’s Caribbean Basin Initiative, and similar programs generally, the U.S.-imposed plan was a completely cynical effort; these programs are not instituted because of a sudden recognition of
The Inequality Puzzle: European and US Leaders Discuss Rising Income Inequality
by Roland Berger, David Grusky, Tobias Raffel, Geoffrey Samuels and Chris Wimer · 29 Oct 2010 · 237pp · 72,716 words
their produce. It’s one of the reasons President Reagan was so popular in the Caribbean: one of the first things he did was the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which opened up the U.S. market for Caribbean fruits and vegetables. Edward Seaga of Jamaica was the first foreign head of state to visit