Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

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The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease
by Lanius, Ruth A.; Vermetten, Eric; Pain, Clare
Published 11 Jan 2011

New York:Â€Paul Hoeber. 10. Glass, A. J. (1974). Mental health programs in the armed forces. In S. Arieti (ed.), American handbook of psychiatry, 2nd edn. New York:Â€Basic Books. 11. American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edn. Washington, DC:Â€American Psychiatric Press. 12. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC:Â€American Psychiatric Association. 13. Kessler, R. C., Bergland, P., Demier, O. et al. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

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Similarly, psychological trauma is “a circumstance in which an event overwhelms or exceeds a person’s capacity to protect his or her psychic wellbeing and integrity” [1]. Consequently, the very definition of psychological trauma is complex, involving both characteristics of the event itself and subjective aspects of the individual’s response. This complexity is reflected in the definition of psychological trauma presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [2]. To be considered a qualifying trauma, an event must meet both the objective A(1) criterion:Â€“the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others” and the subjective A(2) criterion:Â€“the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness or horror” [2].

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It is our hope that knowledge of such factors will inform future efforts to prevent and ultimately reduce the public health burden of childhood trauma. References 1. Cloitre, M., Cohen, L. R. and Koenen, K. C. (2006). Treating the trauma of childhood abuse:Â€Therapy for the interrupted life. New York:Â€Guilford. 2. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC:Â€American Psychiatric Press. 3. Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research. The National Comorbidity StudyÂ€– Replication. Public Use Data Set. http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/CPES/ (accessed January 2010). 4. Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Chiu, W.

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The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump: 27 Psychiatrists and Mental Health Experts Assess a President
by Bandy X. Lee
Published 2 Oct 2017

Pathological narcissism begins when people become so addicted to feeling special that, just like with any drug, they’ll do anything to get their “high,” including lie, steal, cheat, betray, and even hurt those closest to them. Imagine this starting around 9 on the spectrum and getting worse as we approach 10. At these points, you’re in the realm of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). For a detailed description of NPD, see the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V), but for now, here’s a simple explanation. People with NPD have a strong need, in every area of their life, to be treated as if they’re special. To those with NPD, other people are simply mirrors, useful only insofar as they reflect back the special view of themselves they so desperately long to see.

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They are still severely emotionally ill. Diagnostic Labels The word “sociopathy” is sometimes used interchangeably with “psychopathy,” though some have defined the words a bit differently. Sociopathy is also a major aspect of the term, “malignant narcissism,” and is roughly synonymous with the official (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, or DSM) psychiatric diagnostic term, “antisocial personality disorder.” All refer to a disturbance in an individual’s entire emotional makeup (hence the term “personality” disorder in the DSM). A label can never capture everything about a person, though. This may create diagnostic confusion if laypersons expect any individual to fit exactly into their conception of the problem.

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Delusional Disorder I begin with a presentation of the exceedingly rare diagnosis of delusional disorder, which may help us understand why DT makes such jaw-dropping statements. I am intending not to diagnose but to educate the general public so that each person can make his or her own informed assessment. (The criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th ed., are easily observable, simple behavioral characteristics that even a fifth-grader could understand.) I will then examine the final five minutes of a meandering, free-flowing, fifteen-minute videotaped speech DT delivered to the CIA the morning after Trump’s inauguration, to see if the diagnosis can provide a lens through which to make sense of three egregious, separate, and startling statements contained in a mere five minutes.

Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement: Stories From the Frontline
by Steven K. Kapp
Published 19 Nov 2019

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: Author. 2. Kaufmann, W. E. (2012). The new diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Consortium. Retrieved from https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=in23jSkL1eA&fbclid=IwAR1ngCRHryNMOgzOeOVtK_ FewIHwF6Tvntbi0EXbcY3xL7KmfCne7TMGiMc. 3. Lord, C. (2012). Rethinking autism diagnoses. WCARP Autism Symposium. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LX6rRWibX4E. 4. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: Author. 5.

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While we support moving to an alternative identification system that recognizes autism’s nuances ([34]; Kapp and Ne’eman, Chapter 13), such as strengths that can aide or add difficulties to autistic people’s lives depending on myriad factors [35], the often fractious autism community united around the need to protect autistic people’s access to diagnosis because of the practical services and supports medical classification can provide. While the psychiatric and clinical establishment sharply criticized the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for adding and expanding most diagnoses (increasing medicalization of everyday problems) in its latest revision (DSM-5) or for lacking validity [36], the neurodiversity movement’s leading organization the Autistic Self Advocacy Network (ASAN) worked more closely with the DSM-5 than any other in the autism community to protect access to diagnosis (Kapp and Ne’eman, Chapter 13). 10 S.

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Retrieved from https://juststimming.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/quiet-hands/. 31. Winter, P. [Stranger in Godzone]. (2011, November 14). Behavioral therapy—‘normalization’ vs ‘teaching of skills’ (Blog post). Retrieved from http://strangeringodzone.blogspot.com/2011/. 32. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Washington, DC: Author. 33. Woods, R., Milton, D., Arnold, L., & Graby, S. (2018). Redefining critical autism studies: A more inclusive interpretation. Disability & Society, 33(6), 974–979. 34. Chown, N. & Leatherland, J. (2018). An open letter to Professor David Mandell Editor-in-Chief, autism in response to the article “A new era in Autism”.

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The Other Half of Asperger Syndrome (Autism Spectrum Disorder): A Guide to Living in an Intimate Relationship With a Partner Who Is on the Autism Spectrum Second Edition
by Maxine Aston
Published 21 Feb 2014

Professor Tony Attwood (www.tonyattwood.com), a well respected author and expert on the subject of Asperger syndrome, especially as it relates to personal relationships and family dynamics. REFERENCES APA (American Psychiatric Association) (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn). Washington, DC: APA. APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Washington, DC: APA. Asperger, H. (1944) ‘Die “Autistischen Psychopath”.’ Kindesalter, Archiv für psychiatrie und nervenkrankheiten 117, 76–136. Reprinted in U. Frith (1991) Autism and Asperger Syndrome.

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The information used to compile this book has been drawn from three areas – my research into this specialised area, my work as a couples counsellor and my own personal experience, having lived with a partner who was given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. This later second edition also draws from over a decade of experience of working with individuals, couples and families affected by Asperger syndrome. Since I wrote the first edition of this book, changes have been made to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition, APA 2013) and it has been decided by them no longer to use the term Asperger syndrome and to refer to individuals who come under this bracket as simply having an Autism Spectrum Disorder. This book maintains the use of the term Asperger syndrome to describe those at the higher-functioning end of this spectrum but it also acknowledges that those with Asperger syndrome fall under the broader term of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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There has been much debate as to whether or not there is a difference between high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome, both among the professionals and for those on the spectrum. Much literature has been written on this subject (Schopler, Mesibov and Kunce 1998), and it is for each person to form their own opinions as to which name they feel is most appropriate for them. Changes have now been made to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition, APA 2013) – it has been decided by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) to no longer use the term ‘Asperger syndrome’ but to refer to individuals who come under this bracket as simply having an ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’. Under the new diagnostic criteria those who were previously diagnosed with Asperger syndrome might fall under Autism Spectrum Disorder – Level 1.

Will I Ever Be Good Enough?: Healing the Daughters of Narcissistic Mothers
by Karyl McBride
Published 22 Sep 2008

He couldn’t tear himself away from his reflection in a pool of water to become involved with anyone else, and ultimately his self-love consumed him. He died gazing at himself in the water. In everyday usage, a narcissist is someone who is arrogantly self-absorbed. Self-love or self-esteem, on the other hand, has come to mean a healthy appreciation and regard for oneself that does not preclude the ability to love others. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) describes narcissism as a personality disorder classified by the nine traits listed below. Narcissism is a spectrum disorder, which means it exists on a continuum ranging from a few narcissistic traits to the full-blown narcissistic personality disorder. The American Psychiatric Association estimates that there are approximately 1.5 million American women with narcissistic personality disorder.

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The more that you confer with them, the stronger and more self-assured you become. This mother will never abandon you. You will particularly need the internal mother when you experience what is called “the collapse.” The Collapse In true narcissism, the narcissist often experiences something called a “narcissistic injury.” According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): Vulnerability in self-esteem makes individuals with narcissistic personality disorder very sensitive to “injury” from criticism or defeat. Although they may not show it outwardly, criticism may haunt these individuals and may leave them feeling humiliated, degraded, hollow and empty.

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The Mirror Chances are you have been assessing yourself as you have read through this book and you may have found some narcissistic traits on which you need to work. Facing them honestly is very important for your recovery to be complete. You don’t have to feel bad about them or “not good enough”—you just need to be accountable. Below is a version of the nine narcissistic traits listed in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)—the same traits you reviewed in regard to your mother. Let’s look at the checklist: AM I NARCISSISTICALLY IMPAIRED? Do I exaggerate my accomplishments and say I have done things I have not done? Do I act more important than others? Am I unrealistic about my thoughts and desires regarding love, beauty, success, intelligence?

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The End of My Addiction
by Olivier Ameisen
Published 23 Dec 2008

But medical science is fitting large pieces of the puzzle together, and a comprehensive understanding of this deadly disease is beginning to emerge. Amid fierce competition by pharmaceutical companies to discover and patent an effective treatment for addiction, the evidence points to high-dose baclofen as the best hope for a cure. According to the fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), addiction, or substance dependence, can be diagnosed with the presence of three or more of the following criteria in the same twelve-month period: Tolerance to a substance, so that the same amount no longer has the desired effect and increased amounts are required to produce that effect.

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Therefore, medical trials set abstinence with lower-grade craving as the declared goal (Addolorato et al., 2000, 2002a; Pelc et al., 2002; Froehlich et al., 2003; Johnson et al., 2003, 2004). I am a physician diagnosed with alcohol dependence and comorbid anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). I had been hospitalized for acute withdrawal seizures. Anxiety disorder had long preceded addiction. I had tried recommended dosages of medications proposed for promotion of abstinence and reduction of craving (see Patient and Methods).

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Addolorato, G., Caputo, F., Capristo, E. et al. (2002a) Baclofen efficacy in reducing alcohol craving and intake: a preliminary double-blind randomized controlled study. Alcohol and Alcoholism 37, 504–508. Addolorato, G., Caputo, F., Capristo, E. et al. (2002b) Rapid suppression of alcohol withdrawal syndrome by baclofen. American Journal of Medicine 112, 226–229. American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. APA, Washington, DC. Brambilla, P., Perez, J., Barale, F. et al. (2003) GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders. Molecular Psychiatry 8, 715, 721–737. Brebner, K., Ahn, S. and Phillips, A. G. (2004) Attenuation of D-amphetamine self-administration by baclofen in the rat: behavioral and neurochemical correlates.

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Buried in Treasures: Help for Compulsive Acquiring, Saving, and Hoarding
by David Tolin , Randy O. Frost and Gail Steketee
Published 14 Dec 2013

These media portrayals have their strengths and weaknesses, but there’s no denying the fact that they have brought hoarding into the national spotlight. Hoarding has gone from being virtually unheard of to a household word. Changes have also occurred outside the popular media. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013, now includes for the first time a diagnosis of “Hoarding Disorder.” That’s what this book is about—Hoarding Disorder. We’ve written it mainly for people who are suffering from hoarding, although we also hope it is useful for people whose loved ones hoard, and professionals who work with people who hoard.

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Our understanding of hoarding, and our ability to do something about it, is constantly evolving. As we mentioned previously, since we published the first edition of Buried in Treasures, there’s been an astonishing explosion of public and scientific interest in the topic of hoarding. First, the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders includes, for the first time, the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder; we have incorporated those diagnostic criteria here (see Chapter 2). We’ve interviewed readers who attended our Buried in Treasures Workshops and found out what they found more or less easy to digest; we have tried to be clearer about those areas they told us were confusing.

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We might agree with them, or we might not—but even if we do want to make a change, we don’t know where to start. We feel overwhelmed and intimidated by the idea of getting rid of things. In short, our possessions own us rather than the other way around. Does this sound like you? If so, you might be suffering from a condition known as Hoarding Disorder. The most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, states that Hoarding Disorder is present when the following criteria are met: 1. Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. 2. This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and distress associated with discarding them.

Difficult Mothers: Understanding and Overcoming Their Power
by Terri Apter
Published 6 May 2012

Chapter Four: The Controlling Mother 81 preserves the “relationship” by exiting a real relationship: Brown and Gilligan, Meeting at the Crossroads. 81 Nancy Friday describes how her mother’s refusal: Friday, My Mother, My Self. 82 “poisonous pedagogy”: Miller, For Your Own Good. 82 Damasio likens this to a film: Damasio, “Toward a Neurobiology of Emotion and Feeling.” 85 calls a “false self”: Winnicott, The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. 88 In the name of love, they are accomplices: Walker and Parmar, Warrior Marks. 89 close down vital communication as they induct a daughter: Gilligan, The Birth of Pleasure. Chapter Five: The Narcissistic Mother 95 a clinical diagnosis of “narcissistic personality disorder”: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, states that between 50 percent and 75 percent of those diagnosed with NPD are males. (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC, APA 2000.) The forthcoming 5th edition (2013), however, has eliminated “narcissistic personality disorder” from the list on the grounds that it is less helpful to identify a prototype with the cluster of related traits than to make a general diagnosis of personality disorder with some specific narcissistic and manipulative traits.

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The forthcoming 5th edition (2013), however, has eliminated “narcissistic personality disorder” from the list on the grounds that it is less helpful to identify a prototype with the cluster of related traits than to make a general diagnosis of personality disorder with some specific narcissistic and manipulative traits. For a discussion see Zanor, “A Fate that Narcissists Will Hate.” 96 If you try to reason with her: See the discussion of “narcissistic injury” in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, p. 715. 97 Children who confront this dilemma: Rappoport, “Co-Narcissism: How We Accommodate to Narcissistic Parents.” 99 experiences what is called “the collapse”: McBride, Will I Ever Be Good Enough? Chapter Six: The Envious Mother 117 paralyzing split between what has a false tone and what rings true: See Bateson, “Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia”; Laing, A Divided Self. 117 Melanie Klein described infantile love and rage: Klein, Envy and Gratitude and Other Works. 118 her easy delight in herself and her world infuriated her mother: Streep, Mean Mothers, p. 1. 119 Margaret Drabble depicts a mother: Drabble, The Peppered Moth. 126 generations of writers in the 1970s and 1980s: See Eichenbaum and Orbach, Between Women; Chernin, In My Mother’s House. 130 pursuing the approval of others: Kasser and Ryan, “Further Examining the American Dream.”

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Walters, and S. Wall. Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates, 1978. Allen. J., P. Fonday, and A. Bateman. Mentalizing in Clinical Practice. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2008. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Washington, DC: APA, 2000. Apter, Terri. Altered Loves: Mothers and Daughters During Adolescence. New York: Fawcett, 1991. ———. The Confident Child. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. ———. “Mother, Damned-est.” Psychology Today, January/February, 2010: 80–87. ———.

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Against Technoableism: Rethinking Who Needs Improvement
by Ashley Shew
Published 18 Sep 2023

Too many people going into these professions want to go and design and make and therapeutize and “help” without ever having a deep understanding of the people they want to work with and for—without understanding the context of our lives. In my class, disabled people are the experts about disabled people. We don’t read nondisabled accounts of disabled life, because these accounts have so often gotten our stories wrong. When we think about autism, we don’t consult the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or ask autistic people’s families about autism: we listen to autistic people themselves. Autistic adults are out there, many of them. They’ve written books like The Real Experts, edited by Michelle Sutton, and All the Weight of Our Dreams: On Living Racialized Autism, edited by Lydia X.

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It’s not incidental that queer-crip scholarship, a field where Nick Walker has coined the term “neuroqueer,” has focused on the similarities of these methods, and the fields of disability studies and queer studies both roundly reject ABA and other forced behavior-modification programs as an appropriate approach. We now talk about homosexuality in terms of different preferences or orientations rather than as a disorder or pathology. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM, the psychologist’s bible) dropped homosexuality as a category of mental illness in 1974. Something similar has been happening recently with gender variance, with the DSM dropping gender identity disorder in 2013 and replacing it with the category of gender dysphoria. In other words, people are no longer diagnosed as gay or transgender as if it were medical deviance or disordered behavior.

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Bell (1927), 20 Çevik, Kerima, 104 Carter-Long, Lawrence, 27, 28 “Case for Conserving Disability” (Garland-Thomson), 52 Case for Disabled Astronauts, The (Wells-Jensen), 126 cerebral palsy, 91 chapter guide, 12–13 charity marketing campaigns, 36–37 Charles, Ray, 35 chattel slavery, 24 chemobrain, 11–12, 77, 78, 112 Chertock, Marlena, 126 “Choreography for One, Two, and Three Legs” (Sobchack), 138n15 citizenship, 18, 137n6 Claiming Crip (Hitselburger), 30 Clare, Eli, 124 climate change, 115–16, 117 “Clinically Significant Disturbance: On Theorists Who Theorize Theory of Mind” (Yergeau), 140n28 cochlear implants, 71–72 colonization effects, 24–25 concentration camps, 91 congenital amputees, 57 congenital disability, 89 Covid-19, 41, 52, 58, 115, 118, 138n13, 141n38 “crip,” 30 Crip Camp, 30 Crohn’s disease, 4 cross-disability community connections, 12, 77, 78–81, 85–86, 131 cultural technologies, 83, 107–8 Cyborg Jillian Weise, The, 2, 9–10 cyborgs (technologized disabled people), 55 Dancing with the Stars, 49, 60, 61, 63, 64 Deaf community, 71–72, 73 Deaf Gain, 73–74 Deaf Poets Society, The, 125–26 Decolonizing Mars Unconference, 117, 127–28 dehumanization, 88–89, 100, 101–2, 140n28 de Leve, Sam, 126, 130 “Descent” (Kinetic Light Project), 62–63 diabetes, 59, 138nn12–13 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), 19, 102 disability conscious acts of empowerment, 28–30 economic categorization of, 24–25 historical framework of, 24–25, 26–27 pathologized approach vs. experiential/relational approach to, 85–86 political/relational contexts within, 88 as predictable human experience, 114–15 as social construct, 21 uncertainty and, 120–24 disability activism, 12, 79 campus accessibility campaigns, 138n7 celebrating disability embodiment and, 62–63 centering disabled people in disabled technology, 17, 110–11 charities garnering activist critique, 92 cross-community coalitions and, 79–80 disability rights, 44, 92, 105 disability rights movement, 27, 28, 31, 56, 92, 109 disability communities amputee community, 3, 12–13, 14–15, 26, 58, 59, 74–75 autistic community, 77, 79–80, 105–6, 112 claiming identity, 28–29 Deaf community, 71–72, 73 framing language of, 25–26, 30, 31 inclusion/diversity of, 22, 82, 115, 124 media generated tropes and, 40, 41–43 nondisabled experts harm to, 10–11, 19–20, 88 principles of justice, 125 representation and, 4, 56, 119 value of, 51, 56, 113, 122, 124, 125 See also neurodivergence disability culture, 107–8 disability experts, 2–3, 10–11, 17, 19–20, 50–51, 100, 123, 131 disability history, 24–25, 26–27, 31, 88–92 Disability History of the United States, A (Nielsen), 23 disability language, 11, 23, 25–26, 30, 31, 72 disability parking, 5–6, 38–39, 78 disability service professionals, 85–86, 95–96 disability and technology centering disabled as experts, 17, 110–11 cultural technologies, 83, 107–8 deterioration and usage, 60 disorientation and, 22–33, 44–45 historical Nazi Germany and, 89–92 insight for technological futures, 123–24, 128–30 media narratives and, 17, 32–33, 35, 50–51, 59, 60–61 medical model of disability and, 71 technoableism, defined, 7–8, 9, 130 technofuturists and, 114, 118–19 technological solutionism and, 4, 8, 9–10, 32, 51–53, 71–72, 74 See also accessible environments Disability Visibility Project, 114 disability welfare, 34, 38 disabled, etymology, 27–28 disabled ecologies, 116 Disposable Humanity (Snyder and Mitchell), 92 Divas with Disabilities Project, 56 Down syndrome, 91 Down Syndrome Uprising, 94 drapetomania, 25 DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), 19, 102 Dungeons & Dragons, 80, 107, 109 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS), 85 emotional regulation, 97 enhancement technologies, 51 environmental health hazards, 116–17 environmental racism, 115–16 eugenics history, 89–92 euthanasia, 91 Evans, Dom, 35 exoskeletons, 8, 22, 50, 55 eye contact, 83, 84, 86, 99, 103 Fakorede, Foluso, 58 fatphobia, 17 feel-good narratives, 53–54 Feminine Boy Project, 102 Film-Dis, 35 flappy hands, 96–97 Forber-Pratt, Anjali, 28 forced sterilization, 88, 91 Funk, Cynthia, 56 Fuselier, Annabelle, 112 Gallaudet Eleven, 127, 130 Gardiner, Finn, 97, 106–9 Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, 28, 52, 68 gay conversion therapy, 102, 103 gender dysphoria, 102 handicapped, 26–27 Hawking, Stephen, 128 Hearing Happiness (Virdi), 71, 73 Heidinger, Willi, 90 Herr, Hugh, 51, 53, 56, 67 Hershey, Laura, 124 Hitler, Adolf, 89, 90 Hitselburger, Karin, 30 Holocaust, 89 Hough, Derek, 61 “I Am Autism” (Wright), 92–93 IDEA (Individuals with Disability Education Act), 26 identity-first language, 25–26 Indian Residential Schools, 24 Indigenous peoples, 23, 24, 25 Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA), 26 inspirational-overcomers trope, 41–44, 46–47, 49, 54–55, 60–64, 71–72 inspiration porn, 41–44 institutionalization, 88 intellectual disabilities, 29, 95 Invitation to Dance (Linton), 62, 138n10 James, William, 139n16 Jerry’s Kids, 37 Johnson, Cyrée Jarelle, 124 Johnson, Harriet McBryde, 31, 37 Jones, Keith, 30 Judge Rotenberg Center (JRC), 104–5 Kennedy, John F., 139n23 Kennedy, Rosemary, 139n23 Krip Hop Nation, 30 Lamm, Nomy, 124 Law, Ashtyn, 35 Left Hand of Darkness, The (LeGuin), 120–21 leg amputees, 16, 49, 64–67, 69–70 LeGuin, Ursula K., 120, 121 Leib-Neri, Marisa, 23–24 Lewis, Jerry, 37 Lewis, Talila A., 9 Linton, Simi, 27, 62, 138n10 Little People of America, 94 Long Covid, 41, 52, 115, 118 Lovaas, Ivar, 100–102 Lumumba-Kasongo, Enongo 128 Lyme disease, 119 MacIntyre, Alasdair, 119 Magic Wand, The (Manning), 34 Manning, Lynn, 34–35 McCollins, André, 104–5 McCollins, Cheryl, 104 McLain, Elizabeth, 106–7, 111–12 McLeod, Lateef, 124 media narratives, 17, 32–33, 35, 50–51, 59, 60–61 See also tropes medical experimentation, 91 medical model of disability, 20–21, 31, 71, 139n22 mental illness, 25, 88, 102, 130 Meyer, Bertolt, 55 Milbern, Stacey, 124 Mitchell, David, 92 mobility equipment, 17, 22, 48, 55, 69, 131, 137n5 moochers-and-fakers trope, 38–39, 88–89 Moore, Leroy Jr., 30, 124 movement choices, 16, 62–63 Muscular Dystrophy Association telethons, 37, 92 Nario-Redmond, Michelle, 137n3 National Council on Independent Living, 94 National Institutes of Mental Health, 102 Native American cultures, 23, 24, 25 Nazi Germany, 89–92 Nelson, Mallory Kay, 14, 16, 137n5 neurodivergence addressing social structures, 86–87, 88 applied behavioral analysis and, 95–101, 103–5 Autism Speaks and, 37, 92–93, 94, 95 autistic community and, 77, 79–80, 105–6, 112 autistic scholars panel, 106–12 cross-disability community connections, 12, 77, 78–81, 85–86, 131 cultural technologies and, 83, 107–8 dehumanization and, 88–89, 100, 101–2, 140n28 disability service professionals and, 85–86, 95–96 historical Nazi Germany, 89–92 language of, 84–85 neurodiversity and, 12, 13, 80, 81, 82, 84 neuroqueer, 102 neurotypical and, 81–82, 83 stimming and, 96–97 See also autism spectrum disorder; disability communities neurodiversity, 12, 13, 80, 81, 82, 84 neurodiversity movement, 13, 82 neurodiversity paradigm.

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The Panic Virus: The True Story Behind the Vaccine-Autism Controversy
by Seth Mnookin
Published 3 Jan 2012

See also: Thomas Kuhn, The Copernican Revolution (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985). Originally published 1957. 81 the heading of “schizophrenic reaction, childhood type,” which listed: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Mental Disorders (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association Mental Hospital Service), 28. 81 In the DSM-II: American Psychiatric Association, DSM-II: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association), 35. 81 It wasn’t until 1980, with the publication of the DSM-III: “Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Through the Years,” Unstrange Minds, n.d., http://www.unstrange.com/dsm1.html. 81 it was folded into the newly expanded class: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed.

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Geier, “A Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of MMR Immunization and Mercury Doses from Thimerosal-Containing Childhood Vaccines on the Population Prevalence of Autism,” Medical Science Monitor 2004;10(3): 133–39. 176 The description for the former took all of seventy-six words: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—III (Arlington, Virginia: American Psychiatric Association, 1980). 176 The latter required 698 words to explain: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—III-R (Arlington, Virginia: American Psychiatric Association, 1987). 176 In another paper, the Geiers referred to figures: Geier and Geier, “An Assessment of the Impact of Thimerosal on Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders.” 177 They also claimed to have determined: M.

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NAAR—National Alliance for Autism Research NVIC—National Vaccine Information Center TACA—Talk About Curing Autism Professional Associations AAP—American Academy of Pediatrics AAPS—Association of American Physicians and Surgeons AMA—American Medical Association APA—American Psychiatric Association Publications DSM—Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders JAMA—Journal of the American Medical Association NEJM—The New England Journal of Medicine Vaccines DPT—diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus Hib—Haemophilus influenzae type b MMR—measles-mumps-rubella Other NCVIA—National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act PSC—Petitioners’ Steering Committee (Omnibus Autism Proceeding) VAERS—Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System VSD—Vaccine Safety Datalink THE PANIC VIRUS INTRODUCTION On April 22, 2006, Kelly Lacek looked around her dinner table and smiled: Dan, her husband of thirteen years, was there, along with the couple’s three children, Ashley, Stephen, and Matthew.

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The Narcissist Next Door
by Jeffrey Kluger
Published 25 Aug 2014

See blaming of others despots and dictators Caligula, 231 Castro, Fidel, 180 charisma, 234–35 Hitler, Adolf, 179–80, 183, 200 Hussein, Saddam, 183–84, 232, 234 malignant narcissism, 231–32 manipulation of tribal narcissism, 181–82, 191 Mussolini, Benito, 140 pathological traits, 178–81 self-defeating behaviors, 183–84 Stalin, Joseph, 234–35 DeWall, C. Nathan, 60–61 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) definition of NPD (narcissistic personality disorder), 13–14 description and categorization of mental conditions, 245–46 on exhibitionism, 157 proposed reconceptualization of personality disorders, 244, 247–48 on traits common to abusers and narcissists, 117 use in diagnosis of mental conditions, 246–47 Dodd, Chris, 174–75 “dogging it,” 88–89 Dole, Elizabeth, 176 Dookhan, Annie, 253–54 Dovidio, John, 191, 193, 200 DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) Duchenne, Guillaume, 141 Dunham, Yarrow, 194 Dunlap, Al, 127 Edelstein, Robin, 13 Edwards, John, 34, 251 egosyntonic personality disorders, 14 Eisenhower, Dwight, 17, 172 emergent zone, 137–38 empathy brain structures involved, 223–26, 227–30 development in children, 27–28 lack of, in abusers and narcissists, 117 as malleable brain response, 228, 230 in newborns, 28–29 social value of, 226 entertainers Allen, Woody, 31 annoying and destructive behaviors, 235–37 Baldwin, Alec, 236 bands versus solo musicians, 240–41 Beatty, Warren, 104, 120 Bergman, Ingrid, 111–12 Bieber, Justin, 236 Cyrus, Miley, 6 exemplary celebrities, 42, 237–38 first-person references in music, 60–61 Fox, Michael J., 42 Hanks, Tom, 237–38 Lady Gaga, 6–7 Madonna, 120–21 Mayer, John, 105 McCartney, Paul, 237 NPI scores, 238–40 reality stars, 9, 239–40 service to humanity, 242 Sheen, Charlie, 39–41 Streep, Meryl, 240 Streisand, Barbra, 82 Swift, Taylor, 104–5 Van Halen, 236–37 West, Kanye, 241 Everything I’ve Ever Learned About Love (Garner), 25 eye contact, 141 Facebook, 8, 11, 62–64, 66–67 Fanos, Joanna, 64 Fast, Nathanael, 16, 92–95, 142–44, 184 Ferenczi, Sándor, 25–26 Fiorina, Carly, 128–29, 149 first-person references in song lyrics and books, 60–62 Ford, Henry, 136 Fox, Michael J., 42 Freud, Sigmund, 25, 44 Game Change (Heilemann and Halperin), 177 Gandhi, Indira, 182 Gandhi, Mohandas, 17 Garner, Lesley, 25 Gates, Bill, 136–37 Gazzola, Valeria, 228 genetics and evolutionary factors childhood survival-based behavior, 24–26 heritability of psychological disorders, 42–44, 105–6 in romantic narcissism, 100, 105–6, 108 signaling of genetic fitness, 187–88 tenuous basis for racial categories, 191–92 Gentile, Brittany, 61–62 Gibbs, Nancy, 222 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 133 Glass, Stephen, 71–72, 73–75, 78–79 Gore, Al, 140–41 grade inflation, 58–59 Gray, Peter, 52–55 group narcissism.

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The numbers climb much higher among self-selected populations of people who have already entered psychotherapy for some emotional condition, ranging anywhere from 2 percent for the average therapy patient to 16 percent for institutionalized patients. The behaviors that characterize the narcissistic personality are spelled out starkly by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), psychology’s universally relied-upon field guide to the mind, which defines the condition as, in effect, three conditions: a toxic mash-up of grandiosity, an unquenchable thirst for admiration and a near-total blindness to how other people see you. But those are only the broadest features.

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An old but highly regarded 1990 study of a population of men who had either been ordered by a court to enter treatment for partner abuse or had volunteered to participate found that one of the best ways to predict which men would re-offend was to administer the NPI while they were in treatment. The ones who scored highest on the test were the ones likeliest to be back before long. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) does not make a direct link between narcissism and partner abuse, but it does define the three traits most abusers share with narcissists: exploitativeness, lack of empathy and entitlement—three of the crown jewels of the narcissistic personality. The narcissist’s need to maintain a positive self-image at all costs also means that a partner’s behavior must be carefully regulated so that the necessary submission and admiration keep coming.

pages: 335 words: 94,578

Spectrum Women: Walking to the Beat of Autism
by Barb Cook and Samantha Craft
Published 20 Aug 2018

ASD has been used instead of autism spectrum condition (ASC) for academic purposes. This is not a reflection of our personal choice in identification. • Asperger syndrome, Asperger’s, and the personal identifying term of aspie. We recognize that Asperger syndrome was removed from the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and was brought together under the Autism Spectrum Disorder classification. At time of printing of this book, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) still formally recognizes Asperger syndrome as a diagnosis. We have included these terms to encompass those who were/are diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and in a historical sense for academia

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The definition of autism has broadened enormously in the last 40 years since Lorna Wing’s seminal paper in 1981 describing Asperger syndrome in English for the first time. When I started working in this area in 1993, these broader definitions of autism were not in the international diagnostic texts for understanding difference, emerging first in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For the first 20 years after Lorna Wing’s paper, research in autism was predominantly focused on the question: Are Asperger’s and autism the same? Throughout this time, due to our limited understanding of the various presentations of autism, boys were thought to outnumber girls on the spectrum by four to one.

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In a way, organizing ideas or things is a rehearsal for life experience. Collecting and repeatedly reading Jane Austen books or watching movie adaptations becomes a way of emulating her characters. This form of restricted (or rigid) and repetitive behavior (RRB) is overlooked in Section B of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), as it lists traits of boys. The stereotype of autistic men collecting train timetables, model cars, or sports statistics contributes to the male bias in ASD diagnosis and research, and in recent studies has been linked to the skewed gender ratio in autism rates. This impedes timely female identification—the women I’ve known are multifaceted and have several co-existing interests.

pages: 345 words: 87,534

Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters
by Abigail Shrier
Published 28 Jun 2020

Saving Normal: An Insider’s Revolt against Out-of-Control Psychiatric Diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the Medicalization of Ordinary Life. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2013. “Gender Identity Disorder.” In DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. “Gender Dysphoria.” In DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Kravetz, Daniel Lee. Strange Contagion: Inside the Surprising Science of Infectious Behaviors and Viral Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves.

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Littman wrote academic papers about contraception, reproductive health knowledge, beliefs about abortion risk, and abortion stigma. She studied women of childbearing age—what choices they were making about their bodies and why. Then, when her own kids had reached adolescence, she became more intrigued by how their generation was faring. The most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) reports an expected incidence of gender dysphoria at .005–.014 percent for natal males, and a much lower .002–.003 percent for natal females, based on the numbers of those who, a decade ago, sought medical intervention.²² This is an incidence of fewer than 1 in 10,000 people.

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Brooke Singman, “New California Law Allows Jail Time for Using Wrong Gender Pronoun, Sponsor Denies That Would Happen,” Fox News, October 9, 2017, https://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-california-law-allows-jail-time-for-using-wrong-gender-pronoun-sponsor-denies-that-would-happen . 7 . Josh Blackman, “The Government Can’t Make You Use ‘Zhir’ or ‘Ze’ in Place of ‘She’ and ‘He,’ ” Washington Post, June 16, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/06/16/the-government-cant-make-you-use-zhir-or-ze-in-place-of-she-and-he/ . 8 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2000), 579. 9 . Kenneth J. Zucker, “The Myth of Persistence: Response to ‘A Critical Commentary on Follow-Up Studies and ‘Desistance’ Theories about Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Children’ by Temple Newhook et al. (2018),” International Journal of Transgenderism (May 2018); See also J.

pages: 424 words: 114,820

Neurodiversity at Work: Drive Innovation, Performance and Productivity With a Neurodiverse Workforce
by Amanda Kirby and Theo Smith
Published 2 Aug 2021

Notes 1 American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC, USA 2 Russell, G et al (2014) The association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with socioeconomic disadvantage: alternative explanations and evidence, The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55 (5), pp 436–44, https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcpp.12170 (archived at https://perma.cc/2UXB-W2RP) 3 American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC, USA 4 Sayal, K et al (2018) ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision, The Lancet Psychiatry, 5 (2), pp 175–86 5 American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, DC, USA 6 Chiarotti, F and Venerosi, A (2020) Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders: a review of worldwide Prevalence Estimates since 2014, Brain Sciences, 10 (5), p 274, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050274 (archived at https://perma.cc/G47H-5X8W) 7 National Autistic Society (2021) https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism (archived at https://perma.cc/2WTL-ZHW4) 8 The British Dyslexia Association (2021) https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/about (archived at https://perma.cc/L3MF-VJX9) 9 Mather, N, White, J and Youman, M (2020) Dyslexia around the world: a snapshot, Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25 (1), pp 1–17, 10.18666/LDMJ-2020-V25-I1-9552 10 Lewis, C et al (1994) The prevalence of specific arithmetic difficulties and specific reading difficulties in 9- to 10-year-old boys and girls, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 35, pp 283–92 11 Badian, N A (1983) Dyscalculia and nonverbal disorders of learning.

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Human Movement Science, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.04.006 (archived at https://perma.cc/NU7Y-AD2M) 7 Smith, T (2020) Neurodiversity: Eliminating Kryptonite, Enabling Superheroes [Podcast] 21 May, https://anchor.fm/neurodiversity/episodes/Ep-19-High-Contrast---Leading-Global-Drum--Bass-Producer-and-Remixer-ebnbvp (archived at https://perma.cc/35V8-JPBB) 8 Covey, S (2019) Habit 5: Seek first to understand, then to be understood, Franklin Covey website, https://www.franklincovey.com/the-7-habits/habit-5/ (archived at https://perma.cc/PF3R-N65V) 9 The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1978) 3rd ed, Clarendon Press, Oxford 10 Hacking, I (2004) Between Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman: Between discourse in the abstract and face-to-face interaction, Economy and Society, 333, pp 277–302 11 Blau, A (1946) The Master Hand: A study of the origin and meaning of left and right sidedness and its relation to personality and language, American Psychological Association, Washington 12 American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), American Psychiatric Association, Washington 13 World Health Organization (2019) ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, https://icd.who.int/en (archived at https://perma.cc/B5PQ-G2KZ) 14 Czech, H (2018) Hans Asperger, National Socialism, and ‘race hygiene’ in Nazi-era Vienna, Molecular Autism, https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-018-0208-6 (archived at https://perma.cc/V2RA-J5GA) 15 Bronfenbrenner, U (1992) Ecological systems theory, in R Vasta (ed), Six Theories of child Development: Revised formulations and current issues (pp 187–249).

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Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
by Dr. Paul Babiak and Dr. Robert Hare
Published 7 May 2007

Sociopaths may have a well-developed conscience and a normal capacity for empathy, guilt, and loyalty, but their sense of right and wrong is based on the norms and expectations of their subculture or group. Many criminals might be described as sociopaths. Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a broad diagnostic category found in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). Antisocial and criminal behaviors play a major role in its definition and, in this sense, APD is similar to sociopathy. Some of those with APD are psychopaths, but many are not. The difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder is that the former includes personality traits such as lack of empathy, grandiosity, and shallow emotion that are not necessary for a diagnosis of APD.

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There was no standard and reliable assessment instrument available to researchers to measure the disorder. The diagnostic skills of the investigator, on which accuracy relied, could not be assured. Some researchers might use Cleckley’s definition, others the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), then a newly published guidebook for psychiatrists, and still others might rely on their own clinical impressions. Without a consensus, how could a researcher in Canada be sure that a researcher somewhere else in the world could reproduce his research results? What if they didn’t agree on which subjects were really psychopaths, and which subjects were not?

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There are ten personality disorders recognized by psychologists, including narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder, which are important to understand, as they relate to psychopathy. For example, narcissistic personality disorder involves an excessive need for admiration and a sense of superiority, among other traits. Someone with narcissistic personality disorder is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th edition (DSM-IV) as displaying a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, sense of entitlement, and lack of empathy. Narcissists think that everything that happens around them, in fact, everything that others say and do, is or should be about them.

pages: 398 words: 96,909

We're Not Broken: Changing the Autism Conversation
by Eric Garcia
Published 2 Aug 2021

, 12, 114, 115 depression, 129–30 Des Moines, Polk County Democratic Party steak-fry, ix, x Developmental Disabilities Act, 12 Developmental Disabilities Council for the National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services, Arizona, 91 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders autism spectrum disorder, xvii, 5, 6, 200 autism term/diagnosis changes, xvii, 3–5, 6, 55 diets as autism treatment, 12, 14, 115–16 Dio, Ronnie James, 8 Disability and Health Journal, 161 disability rights activists/telethons, 13 Doris-Pierce, Molly, 206 Douglas (Gadsby special), 169–70 Douglass, Frederick, 214, 215 Doyle, Mike, 9–10 driving and autism examples, 95 DSM.See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders “dysregulated,” 88–89 E echolalia, 3 education college possibilities for autistic people (summary), 31, 47 community college and, 31–35 community college statistics, 32–33 individualized education plans (IEPs), 55 loneliness and, 44–47 neurotypical leadership and, 48–51 open autistics/academia and, 47–48 STEM studies, 32–33 tutoring centers, 32 See also accommodations/education; specific colleges/individuals Education for All Handicapped Children Act, 5 See also Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990/IDEA) Einstein, Albert, 22 Emergence (Grandin), 158 employment.

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Throughout this book, I will include parts of my own narrative as a member of this Spectrum Generation and the ADA Generation where I feel it is necessary and appropriate to compare the experiences of the people I profile. Last, I want to include some notes about language. First, it should be noted that as of 2013, autism diagnoses exist under the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) prescribed term of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). But autism previously existed under various terms, including infantile autism, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). As such, throughout this book, there will frequently be mentions of those terms and others.

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Autism has likely existed as long as humans have, but it was a narrowly defined condition until very recently. Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler first used the term autism in 1911 to describe a symptom of childhood schizophrenia. This would be reflected when autism appeared in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in 1952, in the section on “schizophrenic reactions occurring before puberty.” It cataloged the condition under an umbrella diagnosis of “psychotic reactions in children.” In 1968 in the DSM-II, autism again appeared as a symptom of prepuberty schizophrenia. Infantile autism finally appeared as separate from schizophrenia in the DSM-III, published in 1980.

pages: 193 words: 56,895

The Narcissistic Family: Diagnosis and Treatment
by Stephanie Donaldson-Pressman and Robert M. Pressman
Published 31 Jan 1994

Freud, "On Narcissism: An Introduction." 48. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987). 49. Chessick, op. cit. Bibliography Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholics Anonymous. Cornwall, NY: Cornwall Press, 1939. Akhtar, Salman. Broken Structures: Severe Personality Disorders and Their Treatment. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1992. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Author, 1987. Baumeister, Roy F.

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Sigmund Freud, "On Narcissism: An Introduction," in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 14, edited and translated by James Strachey (1914; reprint, London: Hogarth Press, 1953-1974). 6. Ibid. 7. Marion F. Soloman, Narcissism and Intimacy: Love and Marriage in an Age of Confusion (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989). Chapter 3 1. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987). 2. Sigmund Freud, "On Narcissism: An Introduction," in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 14, edited and translated by James Strachey (1914; reprint, London: Hogarth Press, 1953-1974). 3.

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Hilde Bruche, Eating Disorders: Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and the Person Within (New York: Basic Books, 1973). 4. 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, An Unmarried Woman, video recording (Farmington Hills, MI: Magnetic Video Corp., 1978). Chapter 8 1. Ovid, Metamorphoses, as referenced in Jeffrey Berman, Narcissism and the Novel (New York: New York University Press, 1990), p. 7. 2. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987); Eliana Gil, Treatment of Adult Survivors of Childhood Abuse (Walnut Creek, CA: Launch Press, 1988). 3. American Psychiatric Association, op. cit., Eliana Gil, op. cit. 4. Christine A. Courtois, Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy (New York: W.W.

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The Book of Woe: The DSM and the Unmaking of Psychiatry
by Gary Greenberg
Published 1 May 2013

NCHS Data Brief, no. 70 (August 2011). American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Mental Disorders (DSM-I). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1952. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III. Washington, DC.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III-R. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.

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Published simultaneously in Canada Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenberg, Gary. The book of woe : the DSM and the unmaking of psychiatry / Gary Greenberg. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-101-62110-3 1. Mental illness—Classification. 2. Psychiatry—Philosophy. 3. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. I. Title. RC455.2.C4G74 2013 2013002239 616.89—dc23 The names, identifying characteristics, and details of the case histories (including session dialogues) of patients have been changed to protect their privacy. Contents Also by Gary Greenberg Title Page Copyright Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Afterword Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index About the Author Chapter 1 Shortly after New Orleans physician Samuel Cartwright discovered a new disease in 1850, he realized that like all medical pioneers he faced a special burden.

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Africans’ blood was darker, he said, and “the membranes, tendons, and aponeuroses8, so brilliantly white in the Caucasian race, have a livid cloudiness in the African.” This historical and biological evidence, Cartwright concluded, proved that running away is neither willfulness nor the normal human striving for freedom, but illness plain and simple. Drapetomania was never considered for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the American Psychiatric Association’s compendium of mental illnesses, but that may be only because there was no such book in 1850. (Indeed, the Association of Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, the organization that eventually became the APA, was only six years old at the time, and the word psychiatry had just come into use.)

pages: 307 words: 88,085

SEDATED: How Modern Capitalism Created Our Mental Health Crisis
by James. Davies
Published 15 Nov 2021

As a result, we are rapidly becoming a nation sedated by mental health interventions that greatly overplay the help they bring; that subtly teach us to accept and endure, rather than to stand up and challenge, the social and relational conditions harming us and holding us back. In November 2013, in a small, tatty apartment on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, I sat searching the sales figures for perhaps the most influential book in the history of mental health: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, otherwise known simply as the DSM. The DSM, now in its fifth edition, is a weighty 947-page blue and silver tome. It is the book that lists and defines all the mental disorders that psychiatry believes to exist, and with which tens of millions of people across the globe are diagnosed each year.5 I was searching for the DSM’s sales figures that November evening because the following day, at Columbia University, I was set to deliver a two-hour lecture on the making of the manual.

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S., and Solomon, M. (2016), ‘Expert consensus v. evidence-based approaches in the revision of the DSM’, Psychological Medicine 46 (11):2255–2261 9 Quoted in Davies, J. (2013), Cracked: why psychiatry is doing more harm than good, London: Icon Books. 10 Davies, J. (2016), ‘How voting and consensus created the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III)’, Anthropology and Medicine 24 (1):32–46. Decker, Hannah, S., (2018), The Making of DSM-III: A Diagnostic Manual’s Conquest of American Psychiatry, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 11 Quotes from Davies, J. (2013), Cracked: why psychiatry is doing more harm than good, London: Icon Books. 12 A full 21 out of the 29 members of the most recent edition, DSM-5, reported previous ties to the industry.

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v=x-hacuOiUYw (accessed Feb. 2020). 22 See: CMHA (2017), ‘Work Life Balance – make it your business’, https://cmha.ca/resources/work-life-balance-make-it-your-business (accessed June 2018). 23 See: ACAS (2012), ‘Promoting Positive Mental Health at Work’, http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/j/i/Promoting_positive_mental_health_at_work_JAN_2012.pdf (accessed Jan. 2018). 24 American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn, Washington DC: APA. 25 ACAS (2018), ‘Working for Everyone’, http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1900 (accessed Nov. 2018). 26 Wightwick, A. (2018), ‘500 Lecturers at Cardiff University Sign Open Letter Saying Their Workload is Unmanageable’, WalesOnline, https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/education/500-lecturers-cardiff-university-sign-14946705 (accessed Jan. 2019). 27 The paragraph is paraphrased from Davies, J. (2016), ‘Back to Balance: labour therapeutics and the depoliticisation of workplace distress’, Palgrave Commununications 2:27.

pages: 259 words: 67,261

Rethinking Narcissism: The Bad---And Surprising Good---About Feeling Special
by Dr. Craig Malkin
Published 6 Jul 2015

See also needs clear, 110 connecting and, 201 echoists suppressing, 202 excitement and, 200 extreme echoism and, 84 feeling special, 9, 29 Freud on, 132 healthy narcissism following, 203 mirroring, 65 owning, 133, 200 reclaiming, 134 someone else’s, 107 special attention to, 205 subtle echoism and, 84 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), 21, 95 disappointment accepting, 78 confronting, 129–30 imperfection and, 108 intimacy deepened by, 130 voicing, 102 discipline for children, 168 self-, 54 dismissal, 138, 142 distaste, 29 dopamine, 134 dramatic behavior, 162 dreaming big, 66–70 DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), 21, 95 Dubrin, Andrew, 156–57 E Echo, 2–3, 11, 12, 130, 206 echoism dynamics of, 99 extreme, 193 extreme echoism, 32, 39, 46, 84, 193 librarians and, 36 subtle, 81–84 echoists denial of, 204 dread in, 39–40 extreme, 32, 39 habitual, 31 inner life and, 204 narcissists attracting, 114 recognizing, 11, 12 suppressing desires, 202 temperament, 63 Eckler, Petya, 187–88 Edge, Nicholas, 188 EE.

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Where Freud’s narcissist is childish—a Peter Pan figure stubbornly refusing to become an adult—Kohut’s is, at his best, an adventurer, slipping in and out of intoxicating dreams of greatness. By the 1970s Kohut’s self-psychology movement had become something of a juggernaut and his views on narcissism had become widely accepted. In fact, when the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)—the guide to classifying mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association—hit the shelves in 1980, it carried a brand-new description of unhealthy narcissism very similar to the one Kohut had proposed. By then many mental health experts believed feeling special could lead to many good things—and the dangers, while very real, had been overstated.

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As with any mental health disorder, neither you nor anyone else should try to diagnose someone with NPD, even with this book; it takes a trained mental health professional to make such an assessment. For a detailed description of the diagnosis you can refer to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V), but for now, here’s a simple explanation. As you’ve learned, we all need to feel special now and then. But people with NPD, like Roger, have a strong need, in every area of their life, to be treated as if they’re special. They’re also driven to act special. They’re entitled, exploitative, and unempathic.

pages: 331 words: 96,989

Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked
by Adam L. Alter
Published 15 Feb 2017

Though the American Psychiatric Association (APA) still considers addiction a disease, four decades after Peele first linked love and addiction, the APA has acknowledged that addiction isn’t limited to substance abuse. — Every fifteen years or so the APA releases a new edition of its bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The DSM catalogs the signs and symptoms of dozens of psychiatric disorders, from depression and anxiety to schizophrenia and panic attacks. When the APA released the fifth edition of the DSM in 2013, it added behavioral addiction to its list of official diagnoses, and abandoned the phrase substance abuse and dependence in favor of addictions and related disorders.

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A fourth says, “Most of us don’t think we have Internet addictions. It’s not a real disease. It’s a social phenomenon.” The boys try to minimize the issue, but it’s clear that Internet addiction is a massive and growing problem in China. — The Western approach to behavioral addiction is just as scattered as Professor Ran’s approach. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual now recognizes that gambling is a genuine behavioral addiction, and excessive Internet use was almost included in the DSM’s fifth edition, published in 2013. There are now more than two hundred academic papers on the topic of “Internet addiction,” so the American Psychiatric Association chose to mention it briefly in the manual’s appendix.

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In particular, I relied on the following handbook, an accessible scholarly work on behavioral addiction that gathers chapters from dozens of experts: Kenneth Paul Rosenberg and Laura Curtiss Feder, eds., Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment (Elsevier Academic Press: London, 2014). I also relied on: Aviel Goodman, “Addiction: Definitions and Implications,” British Journal of Addiction no. 85 (1990): 1403-8. To some extent, I adopted the definitions in: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (American Psychiatric Publishing: Washington, DC, 2013). I spoke to several: These clinical psychologists agreed to speak on condition that I refrained from using their names. They were concerned their patients might recognize the anecdotes they relayed anonymously.

pages: 269 words: 77,042

Sex, Lies, and Pharmaceuticals: How Drug Companies Plan to Profit From Female Sexual Dysfunction
by Ray Moynihan and Barbara Mintzes
Published 1 Oct 2010

Dr Sandra Leiblum, the high-profile psychologist from the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School with first-hand experience of revising the definitions, has eloquently described these shifting sexual sands: ‘the classification of female sexual dysfunction’, she wrote, ‘is somewhat arbitrary, imprecise, and changeable’.4 One of the first things that strike you about this technical definition is that it comes from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is produced by the American Psychiatric Association, the professional body representing psychiatrists. When it was first released in the 1950s the manual was a small book, but it has become a giant text running to almost 1000 pages, full of many different disorders.

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Index The page numbers in this index refer to the print edition of this book. 43 per cent of American women claimed to suffer from FSD. see claims of the prevalence of female sexual ‘dysfunction’ Advanced Medical Institute and HSDD, 207–8 Advertising Standards of Canada, 131 AIDS/HIV, 60 American Psychiatric Association, 18 animal research and human sexuality, 74–5 anti-arthritis drug (Vioxx), 118–9, 154 anti-depressants, 21, 62, 154, 176, 180, 183, 205 Archives of Sexual Behavior, 115, 199 Arndt, Bettina, 216 arousal. see female sexual arousal; female sexual arousal disorder (FASD) Asberg, Cecilia (Swedish researcher), 131 Atlanta international scientific meeting, 108–14 see also ‘education’ of medical practitioners and financial disclosures, 110–1 a forum for launching sponsor products, 113 and the new field of ‘sexual medicine,’ 114 (see also Journal of Sexual Medicine) Pfizer and P & G sponsors of, 110 and US FDA assessment of testosterone patch, 114 Bancroft, Dr John (Director, Kinsey Institute), 53–6, 58 and the daily use of Viagra, 103–4 and potential for term ‘dysfunctional’ to mislead, 53 Basson, Dr Rosemary, 198 and sexual desire in women, 195–6 and Viagra for women study, 158 Bayer, 126, 129 The BBC, testosterone patch and, 149 birth control pill, 26 blood flow. see genital blood flow blood flow ‘insufficiency,’ 78 Boehringer, 89, 107, 169, 172, 173, 197, 201 and cure for low libido by fixing brain chemical imbalance, 3 and flibanserin trials, 176 and its marketing campaign for the brain chemistry drug flibanserin, 177–90 and ‘scientific’ survey funding, 62–3 Boehringer Ingelheim. see Boehringer Boehringer’s marketing campaign for flibanserin (brain chemical drug), 177–90 and drug company-funded articles, 187–9 and educating doctors, 187–90 and Halpern (PR firm), 178, 179 and inflated estimates of ‘dysfunction,’ 179, 181–2 and influential experts, 182–4 and labelling of the disorder, 185–7 a potential ‘female Viagra,’ 181 pre-empts drug’s approval, 182–3 Boynton, Dr Petra, 177–90, 197 brain chemistry. see Boehringer’s marketing campaign for flibanserin; flibanserin British Journal of Sexual Medicine and Boehringer funding, 188 and drug company-funded article, 187–8 British Medical Journal, 40, 97 and call for radical change to doctor industry relationships, 213 Brotto, Dr Lori, 89 and the redefinition of FSD, 198–205 ‘Cape Cod’ meeting, 42, 50, 62, 80, 178 and collaboration between researchers and pharmaceutical industry, 32–6, 85, 194 and the new science of sexual medicine, 38 and Sexual Function Questionnaire, 85 Cialis (drug), 55, 122, 125, 130, 136, 141 claims of the prevalence of female sexual ‘dysfunction,’ 42–67 and British survey, 56–9 can create impression of ‘epidemic,’ 67 categorisation of 43 per cent of American women as sexually ‘dysfunctional,’ 47 and confusion of self-reported problems with medical disorder, 66 estimates laughable, 63 and Journal of American Medical Association article, 42–6 and Kinsey Institute survey, 53–6 and the New York Times, 49 and Professor Ed Laumann, 45–52 and Professor Laumann’s survey, 59–61 and publicly funded Australian survey, 64–5 and Women’s Sexual Function and Dysfunction, 48, 49, 51 Clayton, Dr Anita and gap between science and marketing of FSD, 201–3 and relationships with industry, 111, 169 and response to placebo effect, 169–75 as ‘thought leader,’ 167 clitoral erectile ‘insufficiency,’ 74 clitoris, 8, 23–5, 27, 32, 41–2, 68–70, 74, 90, 208 codes of conduct, 9 Collins, Blair (whistleblower), 93–7, 112, 121 and Pfizer healthcare fraud settlement, 119 and Pfizer’s Division J, 94 and US Department of Justice, 113 ‘condition branding,’ 17 conflict of interest, 7, 50, 107, 111, 172–4, 198 Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education and Practice (report by Institute of Medicine), 212 continuing medical education (CME) and sponsorship by pharmaceutical industry, 98–106 cosmetic genital surgery, 209 Daily Mail, 164, 165, 176 Davis, Dr Daniel (FDA medical officer), 151–3 Dean, Dr John, 116–8, 185–6 and male sexual pressure on partners, 200–1 president of International Society for Sexual Medicine, 116 and relationship with industry, 111 de Beauvoir, Simone, 12–3, 25–6, 207, 218 decreased female desire. see hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, 87–9 ‘designer vagina,’ 209 desire. see female sexual desire de Wet, Dr Charles (Boehringer’s UK medical director), 180, 181 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 18–22, 57, 83, 178, 179, 190, 191, 198, 199 diagnostic testing for female sexual ‘dysfunction,’ 68–90 and brain chemical imbalances, 78–9 and difficulty in testing Viagra, 32 Kinsey Institute and measuring arousal, 71–2 measuring genital blood flow, 68–9, 70–2 and photoplethysmograph, 71, 72, 104 and questionnaires (see questionnaires to diagnose ‘dysfunction’) and testosterone levels, 75–6 and vaginal pulse amplitude, 71–2 doctors. see ‘education’ of medical practitioners; relationships between pharmaceutical industry and medical community ‘Doctors, Patients and the Drug Industry’ (British Medical Journal article), 213 drug companies. see pharmaceutical industry drugs. see also flibanserin; Viagra; Viagra for women Cialis, 55, 122, 125, 130, 136, 141 drugs (Cont.) Levitra, 125, 126 sildenafil, 105, 143 Vioxx, 154 drugs, consequences of unnecessary use. see side-effects Drugs and Therapeutics Bulletin recommendation against testosterone patch, 165 DSM. see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ‘dysfunction’ labelling. see labelling of disorders ‘dysfunction’ or part of everyday life?. see gap between science and marketing of FSD; medicalisation of common sexual difficulties dyspareunia, 12, 19 ‘education’ of medical practitioners, 9–10, 14, 38, 42, 90–121, 180 see also Atlanta international scientific meeting as an infomercial, 106 bankrolled by the pharmaceutical industry, 104 and British Journal of Sexual Medicine article, 187–8 and calls for reform the funding of, 211–5 and calls to ban industry sponsorship, 108 and continuing medical education (CME), 98–107 creates web of influence, 93 industry sponsors suggest speakers, 109 and ‘key opinion leaders,’ 92, 97, 112 and kickbacks and inducements, 96–7, 99, 119 at lavish settings, 91–3 leads to pro-drug bias, 99 marketing masquerading as education, 101 and New View, 109 online, 106–7 as part of highly effective marketing strategy, 92 and Pfizer, 92, 94–6 and Procter & Gamble sponsored accredited program, 105–6 scale of, 92–3 seeming alignment of education and commercial objectives, 106 sponsorship by P&G and Boehringer, 107 and testosterone patch for women, 149, 166 Eli Lilly (pharmaceutical company), 55, 130, 131 Elliott, Kimberly (whistleblower), 97 Ellis, Havelock, 22–3 engorgement ‘insufficiency,’ 74–5 ‘erectile dysfunction,’ 31, 122–45 see also impotence; Viagra and effectiveness of treatment, 129 and ethical promotion of drugs, 130 and inflated estimates of, 123, 126, 127–9 and its focus on the physical at the expense of the psychological, 132–5, 144 its promotion has blurred discontent and disease, 140, 145 ‘makes the penis the patient,’ 135 as a model for marketing female sexual ‘dysfunction,’ 123 and role of advertising in, 126, 144 a treatable medical condition, 127 Esquire, 201 everyday female sexual concerns. see medicalisation of common sexual difficulties Facebook, 216 female orgasm. see orgasm female sexual arousal, 2, 12, 16, 19, 27, 40, 81, 85, 195–6, 199–204 claims of improvement of, 105, 158, 160 measurement of, 71–4 as a measure of sexual satisfaction, 32 and sexual ‘dysfunction,’ 17, 41–2, 52, 54, 78, 83–5, 159, 175, 178 female sexual arousal disorder (FASD), 19, 73, 84, 202, 204 see also female sexual ‘dysfunction’ (FSD); female sexuality and the flawed medical model; medicalisation of common sexual difficulties female sexual desire, 3, 21, 29, 84, 154, 160, 163–4, 176, 216, 218 see also hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD); testosterone patch for women and Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, 87 as ‘dysfunction,’ 2, 17, 19, 75–8, 86–8 and inflated estimates of, 8, 52, 208, x marketing of, 6, 12, 40, 107, 150 measuring of, 70, 86, 162, 171 non-medical approaches to, 21, 155, 175 and Viagra, 158 female sexual ‘dysfunction’ (FSD), 1–4 see also female sexual arousal disorder; female sexuality and the flawed medical model; hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD); medicalisation of common sexual difficulties a brand new condition, 13 and ‘Cape Cod’ meeting, 32–6 ‘causes’ of, 20 and claims of its prevalence (see claims of the prevalence of female sexual ‘dysfunction’) consists of four disorders, 2, 4 criticised by Hite, 40–2 and criticisms of (see non-medical approaches to female sexual problems) definition of, 15–9 diagnosis of, 8 and diagnostic testing (see diagnostic testing for female sexual ‘dysfunction’) and ‘distress,’ 47–48, 19 does it exist at all?

pages: 632 words: 166,729

Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas
by Natasha Dow Schüll
Published 15 Jan 2012

Paper presented at The Internet as Playground and Factory, The New School for Social Research. New York City. APA (American Psychiatric Association). 1980. DSM-III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ———. 1987. DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed., rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ———. 1994. DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ———. 2000. DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text-revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

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If in the past all gambling had been considered potentially problematic, now there was a qualitative difference between “normal” and “problem” gambling; since problem gamblers were a discrete class of person, the rest of the population could gamble without cause for concern.53 Figure i.4. Diagnostic Criteria for Pathological Gambling, of which an individual needs five or more to qualify for the diagnosis. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-R, 2000. While the medicalization of excessive gambling helped somewhat to undermine condemnations of gamblers as weak of will or morally compromised, ultimately it did more to undermine condemnations of gambling vendors as purveyors of a socially and morally corrupting activity.54 The gambling industry has embraced the diagnosis and its suggestion that problematic play is “confined to a small minority of constitutionally predisposed or mentally disordered problem gamblers,” as one critic aptly puts it.55 The “small minority” in question is the 1 to 2 percent of the general population who fit the requisite diagnostic criteria at any given time, along with the additional 3 to 4 percent who qualify for the less severe “problem gambling.”56 Notwithstanding the significant complications of prevalence measurement, there is broad consensus around these figures among researchers.57 Yet many find it misleading to measure the problem within the general population, given that the percentage of pathological and problem gamblers among the gambling population is a good deal higher, and higher still among regular (or “repeat”) gamblers—20 percent, by some estimates.58 By any count, problem and pathological gamblers are significantly overrepresented among those who gamble.

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Studies based on other jurisdictions estimate that up to 70 percent of gamblers seeking treatment identify electronic gaming machines as their primary, if not exclusive, problem form of gambling (see, for example, Schellinck and Schrans 1998, 2003; Breen and Zimmerman 2002; Gorman 2003, A20). 49. APA 1980. Although pathological gambling was officially listed in the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) as an “Impulse Control Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified,” most psychiatrists and clinicians felt that the condition was best conceived as an addiction, and the category of psychoactive substance dependence was used as a model when the criteria for pathological gambling were modified in a later revision of the manual (APA 1994, 4th ed.; see also Castellani 2000, 54; Lesieur and Rosenthal 1991).

Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas
by Natasha Dow Schüll
Published 19 Aug 2012

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pages: 317 words: 87,566

The Happiness Industry: How the Government and Big Business Sold Us Well-Being
by William Davies
Published 11 May 2015

See also verbal behaviour behavioural activation courses, 111 behavioural economics, 182–3, 184, 189, 210, 214, 219, 256, 257 Behavioural Insights Unit (Britain), 88 behavioural monitoring, 38 behavioural psychology, 97, 234 behaviourism, 87–92, 93, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 255, 258, 259, 264, 266, 267, 268 Beihang University, 196 Beijing, advertising-free spaces, 275 ‘On Being Sane in Insane Places’, 168 Bentall, Richard, 268 Bentham, Jeremy aim of, 56 and Chicago School of economics, 150 childhood, 14–15 as developer of utilitarianism, 13 distrust of language, 19, 32, 104 on emotion, 74 followers of, 232 as godfather of public sector outsourcing, 35 on happiness, 113 influence of, 48 as lawyer, 15 on measuring subjective feelings, 241 on measuring utility, 46 on minds as mathematical calculators, 56 on money, 57, 114 as monist, 33 on pain, 19–20 on pain and pleasure as measurable, 262, 263 as philosopher, 14, 16, 26, 48 on politics, 18, 23–6, 32, 37, 76–7, 155 on psychic optimization, 177 on psychology, 29, 230, 267 on punishment, 16, 19, 23, 179, 183, 239 and scientific politics, 77, 88 on sexual freedoms, 15 shaping of, 178 as technocrat/technician, 14, 16, 48 as theorist, 54 tyranny of sounds, 22, 32, 97, 147, 225, 261 Benthamism/Benthamites, 20, 22, 26, 48, 55, 64, 76, 84, 104, 145, 177, 183, 257, 261, 267, 276 Bethlehem Steel, 118 big data, 219–20, 222, 223, 226, 233, 237, 260 blackboard economics, 155, 158 Blair, Tony, 140, 141 Blink (Gladwell), 72 bodily-monitoring devices, 137 Booth, Charles, 98 Bourke, Joanna, 19 brain research, 255, 256 British Airways, 10 British Office for National Statistics, 245 Brookings Institute, 98 Brown, Gordon, 140, 192 Buddhism, 2, 38, 265 burn-out, 106, 113, 116, 133 Bush, George, Sr., 255 businesses American psychology and, 85 craze for psychological analysis in, 97 democratic business structures, 272 as obsessed with being social, 187 power relations within, 273 as producing, managing, and influencing social relationships, 190 as professionally managed, 82 relationships of with universities, 82 thank-yous to customers, 186–7 buy button, 73, 256 buzz, 189 Cacioppo, John, 193–4 Cameron, David, 191 Cantril, Hadley, 99, 101, 146, 147 capitalism, 8–10, 25, 50, 51–2, 57, 58, 59, 103, 105, 107, 108, 116, 123, 210, 250 care farming, 246, 248 Carnegie Foundation, 97 CBS, 99 CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), 2, 35, 111, 124, 165, 222, 258 celebrity endorsements/celebrities, 1, 95, 190 Cheltenham Literature Festival (Britain), 36 Chicago School of economics, 149, 150, 153, 154–5, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 167, 177, 179, 223 chief happiness officers, 4, 113 choice, science of, 237 Christakis, Nicholas, 192, 194, 196, 203 Cialdini, Robert, 238, 257 Clausius, Rudolf, 115 Clean City Law (São Paolo), 275 clinical psychology, 250, 254 Coase, Ronald, 153–8 Coase’s Theorem, 158, 159, 161 Coca-Cola, 187 cocaine, 68 cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), 2, 35, 111, 124, 165, 222, 258 Cold War, 256 Commercial Alert, 275 community psychology, 250, 254 competition and competitive culture, effects of, 141–3 competitive-depressive society, 148 complaints/complaining, 107, 133, 165, 269–70 conservation of energy, principle of, 28–9, 30, 115 consumer culture, 100, 104 consumer intelligence, 217 consumer neuroscientists, 74 consumer profiling, 216 consumer psychology, 74, 85 consumer voice, 102 consumerist philosophy, 76 consumption, as driven by emotions, 72 contagion, 189, 193, 196, 212, 225, 257 co-operation, 119, 125, 224, 271, 272 Cornell University, 257 Corporate Athlete Course, 112 cortisol, 133, 252 Crary, Jonathan, 79 Cromby, John, 267 Cumulated Index Medicus, 43 Curtis, Ian, 120 Damasio, Antonio, 72 Dartmouth College, 227 Darwin, Charles, 59 Darwinists, 84 data analytics, 102, 119, 223, 227, 230, 237 data collection, 218 data euphoria, 238 data mining, 220, 233, 260, 261 data science/scientists, 219, 230, 237 Davos meetings, 1–3 day reconstruction method, 64, 229 decision research, 256 Decision Science Research Group (UC Berkeley), 182 decision-making, 17, 68, 85, 182, 224, 235, 237, 242, 243, 248, 252, 256 Decline of the West (Spengler), 121 deliberation, 88, 102, 260, 268, 272, 273 Denny’s, 187 Department of Veterans Affairs (US), 227 depression, 141, 142–3, 164, 165, 166, 171, 175, 176, 178, 194, 208, 231 Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, 175 depressive-competitive disorder, 179 Descartes, René, 27, 30 Descartes’ Error (Damasio), 72 desire, science of, 74, 96 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V), 177, 178, 204 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders II (DSM-II), 167, 168, 171, 172, 174 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III (DSM-III), 173–4, 176, 204, 271, 290–291n30 dialogue, 125, 132, 136, 225 digital monitoring/tracking, 135, 260 Director, Aaron, 149, 153, 156, 157, 160 Director, Rose, 149 disempowerment, 243, 250 dopamine, 66–7, 68 Du Bois, W.

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The crisis mounted from 1972 onwards, with sharp rises in oil prices and the breakdown of the global monetary system that had been put in place after World War Two. The American psychiatry profession experienced its own crisis, with an almost identical chronology. In 1968, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the second edition of its handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Compared to later versions of the manual, this publication initially elicited very little debate. Even psychiatrists had little interest in the book’s somewhat nerdish question of how to attach names to different symptoms. But within five years, this book was the focus of political controversies that threatened to sink the APA altogether.

pages: 335 words: 82,528

A Theory of the Drone
by Gregoire Chamayou
Published 23 Apr 2013

Military psychologists discovered no trace of post-traumatic stress disorder. But it should be pointed out that it would have been impossible for them to find any such traces, for one very simple reason that stems from the categories of disease at their disposal. Let us take a look at their bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association. What exactly is PTSD? The DSM is of the opinion that the patient must have been exposed to “an extreme traumatic stressor involving direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury or other threat to one’s physical integrity.”14 Drone operators are by definition excluded from that kind of situation, for there is no threat to their physical integrity.

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“And we haven’t really studied exactly which pieces of the guilt portion of that there are. We know there are when there’s a bad thing that happens. They internally begin to talk about things. We’re actually trying to put more chaplains inside of the secure environment as well, and more medical technicians, enlisted medics.” Ibid. 14. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994), 309.81. 15. Ibid. 16. U.S. Marine Corps, Combat Stress—Army Field Manual (FM) 90-44/6-22.5, 2000. 17. Karl Abraham, in Psycho-Analysis and the War Neuroses, ed. Ernest Jones (London: International Psycho-Analytical Library Press, 1921), 24. 18.

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See precision Achilles, 73, 74 activity-based intelligence (ABI), 48–49 Addams, Jane “The Revolt Against War,” 104 Adorno, Theodor, 206, 207 Minima Moralia, 205 aerial power contemporary doctrines of, 54 imperialism and, 53–54 aerial sovereignty, crisis of, 54 aerial video surveillance, 34 aerial weaponry, 60–61 counterinsurgency and, 60–64 demoralization of insurgency with, 62 precision and, 62–63 as terror, 62–63 theoretical marginalization of, 61 as weapons of state terrorism, 62–63 affect, 208, 242–43n1 Afghanistan, 13, 28, 50, 62, 130 See also specific locations aggression, spectrum of, 115–16, 116 AGM-114 Hellfire, 141–42 Airforce-Technology.com, 108 airwaves, mastery over, 75–76 Ajax, 73 al-Awlaki, Anwar, 239n27 Albright, Madeleine, 186 Algeria, French bombardment of, 65 al-Qaeda, 50, 171 Alston, Philip, 167–68, 173 Altman, Jürgen, 272n20 Amanullah, Zabet, 50 American Psychiatric Association (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 110–11 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 31 American Society of International Law, 167 Amnesty International, 128 Anderson, Kenneth, 170, 171–72, 173, 239n31 Andres, Richard, 71 Angoulême, Duke of, 217 annihilation, 37–45 anomalies, detection of, 42–44 anticipation, preemptive, 42–44 anti-drone clothing, 204 anti-drone movements, 14 antiterrorism paradigm counterinsurgency and, 67–68 as counterproductive, 70–72 enemy and, 68–69 as individual-centered, 68–69 manhunting and, 69 as Manichean, 68, 69 as moralizing, 69 politics and, 69, 70–71 antiwar movement, 2, 184, 192, 200–202, 223–27 applied military ethics, 162–63 archiving, 39–41, 49 Arendt, Hannah, 64, 139, 205, 219, 240n14 Argus, 43 ARGUS-IS wide-area surveillance, 40, 236n26 Arkin, Ronald, 207–8, 213, 216, 218, 272n19, 273n30 armed conflict zones classical notion of, 57, 58 enemy body as battlefield, 56–58 geocentric view of, 57 as geographically defined, 57, 58 globalization of, 57–59 homogenization of, 57–59 international law and, 58–59 as mobile, 57–58 armed violence globalization of, 52 revolutionary Marxist understanding of, 67 verticalization of, 166 See also combat; law of armed conflict; warfare Asad, Talal, 88, 94, 243n10 Asaro, Peter, 272n20 assassination, 196, 199 ethics of, 155–57, 158–59 state–subject relations and, 196–97 targeted, 14, 17–18, 32, 171–72, 239n31 See also killing Associated Press, 106 asymmetrical warfare, 13, 24, 33, 61–62, 75, 127, 162–63, 264–66n17 historical antecedents, 92–95 imperialism and, 127 psychological effects of, 94–95 automata, fabrication of political, 205–21.

Power
by Shahida Arabi
Published 11 Jan 2017

Victims of abuse are not just abused by the abuser; they are abused by the court systems which don’t take emotional and psychological violence seriously; abused by friends and family that don’t believe them; abused by society which blames them for being victims of crimes that the true perpetrators are rarely seen as culpable of. * * * So what exactly is a narcissist and why do they behave the way they do? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines a narcissistic person as someone who has a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), an excessive need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and presenting in a variety of contexts.

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Make no mistake: covert abuse is a widespread epidemic and survivors have been forced to keep silent about it for decades. It’s time we speak out about this pandemic and recognize that while not all wounds are visible, they are no less damaging. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that?: Inside the minds of angry and controlling men. New York: Putnam’s Sons. Bardenstein, K. K., Ph.D. (2009). The Cracked Mirror: Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Children.

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Why We Don’t Recommend Couples’ Counseling for Abusive Relationships by B. Rollings Drugs, Alcohol and Abuse by B. Rollings Blame-shifting and Minimizing: There’s No Excuse for Abuse by Kathryn Robinson Abuse and Mental Illness: Is there a Connection? References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. Bancroft, L. (2002). Why does he do that?: Inside the minds of angry and controlling men. New York: Putnam’s Sons. Bardenstein, K. K., Ph.D. (2009). The Cracked Mirror: Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Children.

pages: 180 words: 57,694

Loving Someone With Asperger's Syndrome: Understanding and Connecting With Your Partner
by Cindy Ariel
Published 1 Mar 2012

We work with many people of all ages on the autism spectrum, as well as their partners, friends, and families. You can e-mail me confidentially at cariel@alternativechoices.com. References American Psychiatric Association (APA). 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. ———. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Asperger, H. (1944) 1991. “Autistic Psychopathy in Childhood.” Translated and annotated by U. Frith. In Autism and Asperger Syndrome, 1st ed., edited by U.

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Researchers and medical professionals working to understand autism and Asperger’s syndrome realize now that the two terms represent different variations on a theme; they seem to exist on a continuum or spectrum. Changes in Diagnosis Medical and mental health professionals use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as an official guide for diagnosing mental disorders and syndromes. Asperger’s work slowly became more widely known in the United States once his original paper was translated from German into English in 1991. Asperger’s syndrome was officially listed in the fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association 1994) of the DSM, the DSM-IV.

pages: 287 words: 93,908

Stuff: Compulsive Hoarding and the Meaning of Things
by Gail Steketee and Randy Frost
Published 19 Apr 2010

Although the acquisitive features of hoarding look like an ICD, the difficulty discarding and the disorganization do not. The emotional reactions to discarding are more reminiscent of anxiety disorders and depression. At present, there is a growing consensus that hoarding should be included as a separate disorder in the next version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Intensive study and decisions about this plan will take place over the next few years. The boundaries between normal and abnormal blur when it comes to hoarding. We all become attached to our possessions and save things other people wouldn't. So we all share some of the hoarding orientation.

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Shortly before the last time we spoke, Debra had been in a car accident and ended up in the hospital. Her doctors were worried that she might have a serious spinal cord injury, and they put her in a special bed to restrict any movement. Debra could not control her panic at not being able to tape her shows until her husband agreed to go home and program her VCRs. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association is the bible for defining psychiatric disorders. The most recent version lists hoarding as one of eight symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). There it defines hoarding as "the inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value."

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Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, Miami, FL. Tallis, F. (1996). Compulsive washing in the absence of phobic and illness anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 361–362. 2. We Are What We Own American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders—text revision (4th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. Apartment floor collapses from weight of old magazines. (February 8, 2005). Mainichi Shimbun (Japan). Arndt, J., Solomon, S., Kasser, T., & Sheldon, K. M. (2004). The urge to splurge: A Terror Management account of materialism and consumer behavior.

pages: 694 words: 197,804

The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis
by Julie Holland
Published 22 Sep 2010

While most people have a general idea of what addiction means, it is important to provide an operational definition so that it is clear what behaviors and characteristics the term refers to before addressing questions of addiction to marijuana and other drugs of abuse. The definition of addiction used here is that described as “substance dependence” in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (American Psychiatric Association 2000). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) has been developed with the input of thousands of expert psychiatrists over several decades to carefully classify and characterize human mental health disorders, including drug-use disorders. According to the DSM, addiction refers to use of a substance that causes the user significant impairment or distress, and is associated with at least three of the following effects within the same twelve-month period: Tolerance develops (a need to use more of the drug to get the desired effect, or the same amount of drug has less of an effect than it used to).

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www.DARE.com Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E) is a police officer–led series of classroom lessons that teaches children from kindergarten through 12th grade how to resist peer pressure and live productive drug- and violence-free lives. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 1994) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. The DSM-V will be published in 2012. www.drugscience.org This site provides scientific and other material regarding the medical use of cannabis (marijuana) and its legal status under the laws of the United States.

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However, much more controlled research would need to be conducted to demonstrate whether this or similar effects could account for the relationship observed between use of marijuana and other drugs, and to identify an exact neurobiological mechanism by which this occurs. CONCLUSION In summary, it appears clear that a subset of marijuana users meet the criteria required for a diagnosis of drug dependence (addiction) as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association. While heavy use of the drug does not necessarily indicate an addiction to marijuana, those who are addicted to marijuana likely use it on a daily or near-daily basis and report experiencing a range of emotional, social, and physiological problems that they feel are caused by their marijuana use.

Living Well on the Spectrum
by Valerie L. Gaus
Published 4 Feb 2011

Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. New York: Free Press. Descriptions of ASDs American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Attwood, T. (2006). The complete guide to Asperger’s syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley. Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). Autism and Asperger syndrome: The facts. London: Oxford University Press.

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Perhaps the most dramatic shift in the definition of autism, and the one with the greatest relevance to you came only in the mid-1990s, when the majority of the mental health community began to recognize that autism symptoms can vary widely in severity. This realization was triggered by the publication in 1994 of the fourth Introduction 5 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the source that most North American mental health professionals rely on for diagnostic criteria. While the previous edition of that manual divided the autism-related disorders (or pervasive developmental disorders) into only two categories, this edition, DSM-IV, classified them as five separate disorders.

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. Asperger syndrome (AS): Asperger’s disorder as defined above Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs): the collection of syndromes sometimes called pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) that includes autistic disorder, asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder—not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) High-functioning autism (HFA): Autistic disorder as seen in a person with average or above intelligence and verbal ability Neurotypical: Typical person or any person who does not have an ASD or related condition To complicate the ongoing debate about diagnostic labels even further, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is being revised again. The fifth edition (DSM-V) is scheduled to be published in May 2013 and may change the labels used for people on the spectrum. Specifically, the five currently distinct disorders may end up as a single disorder called simply autism spectrum disorder and described as a phenomenon that can vary greatly in severity along a continuum rather than split into categories.

Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend
by Barbara Oakley Phd
Published 20 Oct 2008

Their findings would flesh out a context for the imaging and genetic studies to come. But one major problem persisted. Christie's group was onto a new personality type—a “high Mach.” This was too new a concept to have a relationship with any personality type or disorder listed in the trusty Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the “DSM”—currently on its fourth, text revision edition—the DSM-IV-R). And without being associated with a personality disorder in that particular psychiatric bible, it would be impossible to relate Machiavellian behavior to the many medical studies that had already been done on those personality disorders.

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Akhtar, “The Syndrome of Identity Diffusion,” American Journal of Psychiatry 141 (1984): 1381–85. 15. Slavoljub Djukic, Milosevic and Marković, trans. Alex Dubinsky (London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001), p. 160. 16. After K. Lieb et al., “Borderline Personality Disorder,” Lancet 364, no. 9432 (2004): 453–61. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000), p. 654. 17. Djukic, Milosevic and Marković, p. 163. 18. Doder and Branson, Milosevic, p. 103. 19. Djukic, Milosevic and Marković, p. 161. 20. Doder and Branson, Milosevic, p. 272. 21.

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People with slight problems in their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appear to act normally; however, they may confidently, even arrogantly, draw bizarre and irrational conclusions. Dysfunction here may also help cause the gaslighting, projection, and impaired ability to reevaluate negative stimuli seen so frequently in borderline-like behavior. Dorsolateral dysfunction also contributes to an inability to learn from punishment. DSM-IV. An abbreviation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the “DSM”—currently on its fourth, text revision edition—the DSM-IV-R). This is the standard reference used by health care professionals to help diagnose and define mental disorders. emergenesis (emergenic). Emergenesis refers to genetic traits that, surprisingly, don't commonly run in families.

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Childhood Disrupted: How Your Biography Becomes Your Biology, and How You Can Heal
by Donna Jackson Nakazawa
Published 6 Jul 2015

You have a choice either to stay locked in the past, thinking of what might have been, or to proactively help yourself and those you love, embrace resilience and move forward toward growth, even transformation. * * * Editors of the mental health diagnostic bible known as the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) recently considered including a new diagnosis, “Developmental Trauma Disorder.” This term recognizes the long-lasting impact that chronic, unpredictable Adverse Childhood Experiences has on later mental and physical health and well-being. Because understanding of the diagnostic signs and possible treatments for Developmental Trauma Disorder is still evolving, it was not included in the DSM.

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Ultimately, when you embrace the process of healing despite your Adverse Childhood Experiences, you don’t just become who you might have been if you hadn’t encountered so much childhood suffering in the first place. You gain something better: the hard-earned gift of life wisdom, which you bring forward into every arena of your life. New Medical Horizons It has been said that if child abuse and neglect were to disappear today, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual would shrink to the size of a pamphlet in two generations, and the prisons would empty. Or, as Bernie Siegel, MD, puts it, quite simply, after half a century of practicing medicine, “I have become convinced that our number-one public health problem is our childhood.” The biological Theory of Everything—that Adverse Childhood Experiences shape who we are and who we become, physically, neurologically, emotionally—has been mind-bogglingly slow to change “how we ‘do medicine,’ ” says Vincent Felitti, MD.

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Quoidbach, “From Tribulations to Appreciation: Experiencing Adversity in the Past Predicts Greater Savoring in the Present,” Social Psychological and Personality Science (November 25, 2013). It has been said that if child abuse and neglect were: This quote is attributed to psychologist John Briere, PhD, who has observed that if child abuse and neglect were to disappear, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—an 886-page tome cataloging some three hundred mental disorders—would shrink to the size of a pamphlet, and the prisons would empty in two generations. Claudia Rowe, “Fostering Resilience,” Crosscut (July 24, 2013), http://crosscut.com/2013/07/resilience-in-foster-kids/ (accessed February 24, 2015).

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Unmasking Autism: Discovering the New Faces of Neurodiversity
by Devon Price
Published 4 Apr 2022

All humans stim to an extent (if they didn’t, fidget spinners wouldn’t have become so popular several years ago), but Autistic people stim more frequently, more repetitively, and more intensely than neurotypicals do. Repetitiveness is a key feature of Autistic behavior, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM). And it is true that many of us crave the stability that repetition provides. Because we find the external social world so unpredictable, most of us prefer consistent routines. We often eat the same meals over and over again, or only enjoy a limited range of foods (sometimes called samefoods in the community).

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After an especially stressful shift at her hospital, she spends hours on the floor, lining up her favorite toys over and over. Like any other Autistic person, she has meltdowns and low-energy days, but because she’s intelligent and capable, her Autism doesn’t fit the “typical” mold. Until 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders drew a distinction between Autism and Asperger’s Syndrome. Autism was more profoundly debilitating and associated with major communication deficits and intellectual challenges. Asperger’s, on the other hand, occurred in people with high intelligence, and was associated with well-spoken, emotionally frosty math geniuses and computer nerds.

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Some of us learn to speak fluent Klingon; others memorize algorithms for solving Rubik’s cubes. My sister’s brain is a compendium of movie trivia and dialogue. My own special interests have included everything from bat biology to the history of the Tudor dynasty, to personal finance, to subreddits run by so-called men’s rights activists. Though the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders states that Autism is defined by having a “restricted” range of interests, some Autistic folks cycle through new special interests every couple of months and become polymaths in a variety of subjects. Others are steadfastly dedicated to one topic their entire lives.

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Brain Energy: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Mental Health--And Improving Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, and More
by Christopher M. Palmer Md
Published 15 Nov 2022

However, much of this information is gleaned from surveys, and both the questions we ask and the way we ask them matters. Although surveys suggest that the rates of depression in adults are not increasing, many reports suggest that burnout is on the rise. Burnout is not an official psychiatric diagnosis in DSM-5 (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition), but the World Health Organization recently added it to its list of mental disorders—the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision). The criteria are similar to those for depression, but focus primarily on the stress of work and the work environment.

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So, at what point does shyness turn into an anxiety disorder such as social phobia? Drawing these lines is a matter of some debate in the field. One of the most notable controversies concerns depression—specifically whether, in some situations, these symptoms are “normal” and not an illness. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, is the “bible” of psychiatry. It defines all the different diagnoses, their diagnostic criteria, and provides some relevant information and statistics. The current version, updated in 2022, is known as “DSM-5-TR.” In DSM-IV, the diagnostic criteria for depression included a caveat called the bereavement exception.1 It suggested that if someone had symptoms of depression in the context of the loss of a loved one, clinicians should hold off on diagnosing depression.

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J Clin Invest 125(3) (2015): 926–938. doi: 10.1172/JCI76304. 6J. A. Foster and K. A. McVey Neufeld. “Gut-Brain Axis: How the Microbiome Influences Anxiety and Depression.” Trends Neurosci 36(5) (May 2013): 305–312. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.005. Chapter 3 1American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 356. 2 E. Corruble, B. Falissard, and P. Gorwood. “Is DSM-IV Bereavement Exclusion for Major Depression Relevant to Treatment Response? A Case-Control, Prospective Study.” J Clin Psychiatry 72(7) (July 2011): 898–902. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05681blu. 3Alan F.

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The Biology of Desire: Why Addiction Is Not a Disease
by Marc Lewis Phd
Published 13 Jul 2015

Doctors rely on categories to understand people’s problems, even problems of the mind. Every mental and emotional problem is identified with a medical label, from borderline personality disorder to autism, depression, anxiety, and addiction. These conditions are described as tightly as possible and listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). In fact, the DSM is famous for categorizing every nuance of personal disturbance as a type or subtype of disease, and the latest rewrite of the DSM—creatively labelled DSM-5—can be seen as leading to more medicalization because it includes more symptoms.

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narrative and, 209–210 Natalie and, 52–55 neuroplasticity and, 31 perspective connecting with, 214–215 pleasure versus, 58–59, 175–176 priming pump of, 170–174, 172 (fig.) realigning, 207–210 rerouting of, 68 separating, 197 shades of, 175 striatum and, 56–59 survival and, 175 developmental issues personality development, 33–34, 37–38 self-medication model and, 3, 4 See also post-traumatic stress disorder; trauma Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 18, 165 diazepam, 133 The Disease Concept of Alcoholism (Jellinik), 14 disease model AA and, 14, 16–17 advantages of, 9, 162–163, 210 arguments against, 20–26, 162–165, 168–169, 210–212 bad science and, 9 brain and, 1–2, 7, 25–26, 162–165, 168–169 choice model enfolded in, 5–6 cognition and, 1 common compulsions and, 131–132 control and, 5, 8, 22 cure and, 2 definition, 1–2 evolution of, 11–20 as front-runner, 5–10 guilt and shame and, 9 habit and, 11–12, 37, 129–130 as harmful, 9–10 horse-and-rider model and, 156 Hyman and, 6 insurance industry and, 19 as limited, 4 love and, 168 medical science and, 5–6, 18 NA and, 13–14 neuroscience supporting, 17–18 normal brain functioning versus, 81–82, 163–165 Peele and, 20, 24 pigeonholing and, 6 pillars of, 7–8 reasons to back, 5–6 Recognizing Addiction as a Disease Act and, 11 rehab industry and, 18–19, 212 relapse and, 10 research implications, 3–4 rise and fall of, 11–23 self-medication model enfolded in, 5–6 S-R habit mechanism and, 129–130 statistics fortifying, 19–20 Volkow and, 7, 8–9 The Diseasing of America (Peele), 20 disorder, 8 dispositional factors, disease model and, 2 Doidge, Norman, 194 Donna (pharmaceutical opiate addiction) accelerated learning and, 171–172 adolescence of, 100 anxiety of, 95–98 breakdown of, 110–112 childhood of, 98–100 compulsive habit and, 127, 182 downstairs neighbor and, 97 drugs discovered by, 100–101 emotion hidden by, 99–100 family party and, 96, 98, 102–104 funeral and, 97 hiding by, 112–113 husband finding out about, 108–109 lying, and, 101–102 medial PFC and, 183 moving forward of, 113–115 public and private domains of, 95 recovery of, 113–115, 202 relapse of, 113–114 self-deprivation and, 143 self-medication model and, 177 suitcase incident, 102–104 two personae of, 106–107 video of, 109–110 dopamine accumbens and, 58–59, 81 blocking, 169 brain regions feasting on, 81 goal-seeking behaviour and, 6 impulsive to compulsive behaviour and, 127–128 love and, 166–167 midbrain and, 57–58 now appeal and, 84 rituals and, 147 striatum and, 125 synaptic networks and, 17 dorsal striatum, 44 (fig.), 45 binge eating and, 146 compulsive behaviour and, 126–128 cue-triggered responses and, 126–127 impulsive to compulsive behaviour and, 127–128 OCD and, 127 reward and, 126 S-R and, 126–127 dorsolateral PFC, 44 (fig.), 45 binge eating and, 146 bridge of the ship and, 45 conscious attention and, 159 control and, 130–131, 185–189 ego fatigue and, 150 horse-and-rider model and, 156–157 left, 186, 187 (fig.), 191 maturation of, 185 now appeal and, 85, 186, 187 (fig.)

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realigning, 207–210 rerouting of, 68 separating, 197 shades of, 175 striatum and, 56–59 survival and, 175 developmental issues personality development, 33–34, 37–38 self-medication model and, 3, 4 See also post-traumatic stress disorder; trauma Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 18, 165 diazepam, 133 The Disease Concept of Alcoholism (Jellinik), 14 disease model AA and, 14, 16–17 advantages of, 9, 162–163, 210 arguments against, 20–26, 162–165, 168–169, 210–212 bad science and, 9 brain and, 1–2, 7, 25–26, 162–165, 168–169 choice model enfolded in, 5–6 cognition and, 1 common compulsions and, 131–132 control and, 5, 8, 22 cure and, 2 definition, 1–2 evolution of, 11–20 as front-runner, 5–10 guilt and shame and, 9 habit and, 11–12, 37, 129–130 as harmful, 9–10 horse-and-rider model and, 156 Hyman and, 6 insurance industry and, 19 as limited, 4 love and, 168 medical science and, 5–6, 18 NA and, 13–14 neuroscience supporting, 17–18 normal brain functioning versus, 81–82, 163–165 Peele and, 20, 24 pigeonholing and, 6 pillars of, 7–8 reasons to back, 5–6 Recognizing Addiction as a Disease Act and, 11 rehab industry and, 18–19, 212 relapse and, 10 research implications, 3–4 rise and fall of, 11–23 self-medication model enfolded in, 5–6 S-R habit mechanism and, 129–130 statistics fortifying, 19–20 Volkow and, 7, 8–9 The Diseasing of America (Peele), 20 disorder, 8 dispositional factors, disease model and, 2 Doidge, Norman, 194 Donna (pharmaceutical opiate addiction) accelerated learning and, 171–172 adolescence of, 100 anxiety of, 95–98 breakdown of, 110–112 childhood of, 98–100 compulsive habit and, 127, 182 downstairs neighbor and, 97 drugs discovered by, 100–101 emotion hidden by, 99–100 family party and, 96, 98, 102–104 funeral and, 97 hiding by, 112–113 husband finding out about, 108–109 lying, and, 101–102 medial PFC and, 183 moving forward of, 113–115 public and private domains of, 95 recovery of, 113–115, 202 relapse of, 113–114 self-deprivation and, 143 self-medication model and, 177 suitcase incident, 102–104 two personae of, 106–107 video of, 109–110 dopamine accumbens and, 58–59, 81 blocking, 169 brain regions feasting on, 81 goal-seeking behaviour and, 6 impulsive to compulsive behaviour and, 127–128 love and, 166–167 midbrain and, 57–58 now appeal and, 84 rituals and, 147 striatum and, 125 synaptic networks and, 17 dorsal striatum, 44 (fig.), 45 binge eating and, 146 compulsive behaviour and, 126–128 cue-triggered responses and, 126–127 impulsive to compulsive behaviour and, 127–128 OCD and, 127 reward and, 126 S-R and, 126–127 dorsolateral PFC, 44 (fig.), 45 binge eating and, 146 bridge of the ship and, 45 conscious attention and, 159 control and, 130–131, 185–189 ego fatigue and, 150 horse-and-rider model and, 156–157 left, 186, 187 (fig.), 191 maturation of, 185 now appeal and, 85, 186, 187 (fig.) striatum and, 130–131 symbols and, 144 synapses and, 130–131 TMS and, 186, 187 (fig.) will and, 191–192 drugs. See specific drug; specific interviewee DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders dual process model. See horse-and-rider model ecstasy, 49 ego fatigue Alice and, 148, 150–151 Baumeister study of, 149 brain and, 150 conscious attention and, 158–159 emotion repression and, 150 horse-and-rider model and, 156–157 loss of control and, 185–189 marshmallow test and, 184 microcosm of addiction, 157 now appeal and, 151 reframing and, 185 self-control and, 148–149 summarized, 199 suppression and, 185 electrochemical energy, 38 emotion accumbens and, 79, 81–82 amygdala and, 79–80, 81–82 cognition linked with, 81–82 Donna hiding, 99–100 ego fatigue and, 150 habit and, 33–36 habit development and, 35–36 intensity of, 31, 39–40 learning and, 40, 104, 194 medial PFC and, 105–106 negative, 33–34 neurons and, 39–40 OFC and, 40, 81–82, 104, 194 strong, 31 empowerment cognition-based techniques and, 209 learning and, 10 nomenclature and, 16 treatment and, 212–214 environmental factors, 2 Everitt, Barry, 129–130 expectancy, desire and, 174, 175 experience brain and, 30–33 neuroplasticity and, 32–33 psychology and, 168–169 recovery and, 198–203 striatum structured by, 56 strong emotion and, 31 synaptic change, 30, 104, 127 feedback brain and, 30–31, 34–38 growth and, 34–35 habit development and, 35–36 Johnny and, 121–122 personality development and, 36–37 self-organization stemming from, 34 feelings.

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Dangerous Personalities: An FBI Profiler Shows You How to Identify and Protect Yourself From Harmful People
by Joe Navarro and Toni Sciarra Poynter
Published 6 Oct 2014

Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006. 109th Congress Public Law 248, July 27, 2006. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. Accessed December 3, 2013. DOCID: f:publ248.109. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013. ———. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Arrigo, Bruce A. Introduction to Forensic Psychology. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000. Associated Press. “Neighbors of Ala. Man Suspected of Holding Child in Standoff Say He Was Threatening, Violent.”

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All it takes is one encounter with one dangerous personality—on the street, at work, in your car, in your house, in your bedroom—to completely ruin your life. Thus in this book, we focus on behaviors, not on statistics or probabilities. I also know from the research (for more information, refer to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, known as the DSM-5) that certain disorders are more often diagnosed or associated with a specific gender: Antisocial personality disorder, for instance, is more often diagnosed in males, while borderline personality disorder is more often diagnosed in females.6 These two disorders have many of the behavioral traits of the predator and the emotionally unstable personality, respectively, discussed in this book.

pages: 291 words: 75,110

Marriage and Lasting Relationships With Asperger's Syndrome: Successful Strategies for Couples or Counselors
by Eva A. Mendes
Published 1 Sep 2015

A. (2003) “The Amygdala, Autism and Anxiety,” in G. Bock and J. Goode (eds) Autism: Neural Basis and Treatment Possibilities: Novartis Foundation Symposium 251. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) (DSM-V). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. American Psychological Association [APA] (2013) Marriage and Divorce. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

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They can help these couples and individuals implement the strategies listed in this book, helping them increase the odds of creating successful and lasting relationships. TERMINOLOGY, CASE STUDIES, AND STRATEGIES Terminology Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association released the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5), and excluded the diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome, along with related conditions, such as Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Autistic Disorder. Individuals who used to receive one of these diagnoses now receive a singular diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Level 1, 2 or 3, based on their level of functioning.

The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum
by Temple Grandin and Richard Panek
Published 15 Feb 2013

My many brain scans have provided possible explanations for my childhood speech delay, panic attacks, and facial-recognition difficulties. Autism and other developmental disorders still have to be diagnosed with a clumsy system of behavioral profiling provided in a book called the DSM, which is short for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Unlike a diagnosis for strep throat, the diagnostic criteria for autism have changed with each new edition of the DSM. I warn parents, teachers, and therapists to avoid getting locked into the labels. They are not precise. I beg you: Do not allow a child or an adult to become defined by a DSM label.

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But the conception of autism in the early 1950s didn’t work that way. Like me, child psychiatry back then was still young. The words autism and autistic barely appeared in the American Psychiatric Association’s initial attempt to standardize psychiatric diagnoses, in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published in 1952, when I was five. The few times those words did appear, they were used to describe symptoms of a separate diagnosis, schizophrenia. For instance, under the heading Schizophrenic Reaction, Childhood Type, there was a reference to “psychotic reactions in children, manifesting primarily autism”—without further explanation of what autism itself was.

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Of course, the word autism had been part of the psychiatric lexicon since 1943, so the idea of people having autism had been around at least as long. But the definition was loose, to say the least. Unless someone pointed out an oddity in my behavior, I simply didn’t go around thinking of what I was doing in terms of my being a person with autism. And I doubt that I was the exception in this regard. The second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in 1968, and, unlike its 1952 predecessor, it contained not one mention of autism. As best as I can tell, the word autistic did appear twice, but again, as in the DSM-I, it was there only to describe symptoms of schizophrenia and not in connection with a diagnosis of its own.

And Never Stop Dancing: Thirty More True Things You Need to Know Now
by Gordon Livingston
Published 15 Feb 2006

This is why so many people feel themselves in the grip of influences they cannot control: faceless bureaucracies, large corporations, economic forces—all the engines of a society that guarantees the pursuit of happiness but sets many obstacles on the path to its achievement. In an effort to describe what constitutes acceptable behavior, it falls to the institutions of mental health to play their roles in defining “normality.” Psychiatry has done its part by constructing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its fourth edition. Within this weighty compendium are descriptions of various forms of behavior deemed abnormal by this society. Here we have the major mental illnesses—schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression—alongside all the forms of anxiety and discouragement that cause people to seek help.

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It is the internal experience of bereavement. Mourning is the taking of the internal experience of grief and expressing it outside of ourselves. This is a very culturebound process. Contemporary American culture is focused on one imperative: Get over it. The section on bereavement in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the 91. 0738212494-text.qxd:0738212494-text.qxd 7/10/08 9:34 AM Page 92 And Never Stop Dancing American Psychiatric Association contains the following sentence: “The diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder is generally not given unless the symptoms are still present two months after the loss.”

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Literary Theory for Robots: How Computers Learned to Write
by Dennis Yi Tenen
Published 6 Feb 2024

Taxonomies of all types were synonymous with medieval science, as well as being an important topic in contemporary logic, medicine, law, and computer science. Consider a field like medicine, where the infinity of analog bodily sensations must be distilled into a controlled set of named and billable conditions—a diagnosis. The American Psychiatric Association publishes the infamous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its fifth edition (DSM-5). Your insurance is unlikely to cover a health issue not named in the manual. Conversely, aspects of the human condition now considered in the range of normal (neurosis, homosexuality) were once unjustly included, to the detriment of the people they labeled.

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W., 110 Bloomfield, Leonard, 83 Bobrow, Daniel, 92 body posture, 4 Boeing, 11, 97 Boston, Mass., 70 bots, 136–37 Brecht, Bertolt, 61 Brin, Sergey, 113 Browning, I., 110 brute force computing, 110 Byron, Lady Anne Isabella, 51, 52 Byron, Lord George, 12, 51, 61 bytes, 6–9, 88 Calculus of Probabilities (Tenen), 103 Cambridge University, 60, 92, 113 care, 13 cars, self-driving, 14 Cast Away (film), 36 Cauchy, Augustin-Louis, 44 cells, 27 Center for Communications Sciences, 87 Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation, 131 chains, 105 Characteristica universalis (Leibniz), 44 characters, 9 Charles Joseph, Archduke, 32 Charniak, Eugene, 92 charts, 9, 19, 22, 25, 76 chatbots, 9, 11, 16, 20, 113–15, 118, 120, 122–24, 129 Chautauqua Literary File, 74 chemistry, 82, 85 China, 10 Chinese language, 43 Chomsky, Carol, 92 Chomsky, Noam, 21, 86–87, 90, 92, 93, 97, 102, 114 Clark, Peter, 97–99 clock-making, 52 cognition, distributed, 123–25 Colby, Kenneth, 92 collective intelligence, 133 collective labor, 123 collective nouns, 128 college papers, 137 Collegio Romano, 30 Columbia University, 83 combinatorial sonnets, 34 command and control, 88 communication(s), 105–6, 109–10, 119 comparative philology, 80, 83 computers, 8, 12, 37, 48, 87, 88, 91–93, 97, 105, 109 computer science, 121, 135 consciousness, 3 context, and meaning, 115 controlled taxonomies, 23 conversational AI, 135 conversational intelligence, 139 Cook, William Plotto: A New Method of Plot Suggestion for Writers of Creative Fiction, 71, 75–77, 81, 94 Cornell University, 110 corporate personhood, 125, 127 corporations, 128 corpuses, 12 counterprogramming, 136 Crane, Gregory, 28 creativity (creative process), 14, 21, 61, 63, 67, 68, 133, 134, 140–41 Darwin, Charles, 51 databases, 3, 24 Defoe, Daniel Robinson Crusoe, 36, 65 De Morgan, Sophia Elizabeth, 51 Descartes, Réné, 44 Meditations, 35 de Stael, Germaine, 80 Detroit, Mich., 74 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 23–24 Dial, 74 Dickens, Charles, 51, 65, 67 dictionaries, 29 Diderot, Denis Encyclopédie, 122 Difference Engine, 48–49, 52, 60 disinformation, 132 distributed intelligence, 123–24 distributed thought, 123–25 divination circles, 24 document retrieval, 110 Donbas region, 121 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 65, 121 Douglas, Mary How Institutions Think, 127 Downey, June Plots and Personalities, 71 Dowst, Robert Saunders The Technique of the Fiction Writing, 71 Dumas, Alexandre, 65 Dwarf Fortress, 100 eclipses, 52 Editor: Journal of Information for Literary Workers, 70, 72, 74 educational reform, 67 Educational Specialty Company, 74 ELIZA (chatbox therapist), 20, 92, 93 emergence, 16 encryption, 119 Encyclopédie (Diderot), 122 English, Thomas, 71 Skeleton Essays, or Authorship in Outline, 71, 72 Enlightenment, 46, 67 epistemology, 84 equality, concept of, 116 Esenwein, Joseph Writing the Short Story, 71 Esperanto, 45 Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language, An (Wilkins), 10, 41–45 Eugene Onegin (Pushkin), 104, 117 Eureka Pocket Scrap Book, 74 event horizons, 7 exceptions and exceptionalism, 38, 39, 52, 59, 61, 62, 79–80, 133 FAA Incident Data System (FIDES), 98, 99 failure, concept of, 116 fairness, concept of, 116 fairytales, See folktales Fansler, Harriott Types of Prose Narratives, 71 Faraday, Michael, 51 Faulkner, Mary, 66 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 98 Fiction House, 66 fictions, real effect of, 127 FIDES (FAA Incident Data System), 98, 99 film, 61 Finns, 80 Firth, John, 114, 115 “flora and fauna,” 129 folklore studies, 80–82, 93–96 folktales, 79–83, 88, 93, 96–98 Franklin, Ohio, 70 freedom, concept of, 116 Garcia-Molina, Hector, 113 gears, 14, 49, 52–53 general intelligence, 37–38 generative grammars, 87, 88, 91, 94, 97 generative pre-trained transformers (GPT), 139 German language, 121 Germany, 26, 34 Gibson, Kevin, 127 global positioning system (GPS), 15 Godard, Jean-Luc, 93 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 65 Gore, Al, 17 GPS (global positioning system), 15 GPT (generative pre-trained transformers), 139 GPT-4 algorithm, 129, 130 grammar(s), 21, 38, 40–42, 85–88, 90–95, 97, 102, 108, 113–14 Green, Bert, 92 Grimm, Jacob, 80 ground truth, 40 GRU, 132, 136 Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 65 GUS (story generator), 92–93 Gutenberg printing press, 39 Habsburgs, 30 Hanks, Tom, 36 Harris, Zellig, 83, 86, 114 Harry Potter, 107 Harvard University, 72–73, 113 Hayy ibn Yaqzan (Ibn Tufail), 36 “Heavenly Love-Kiss XLI” (Kuhlmann), 31, 40 Hegelianism, 6–7 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 80 hermeneutics, 2 Hill, Wycliffe, 75, 77 Plot Genie, 75–77, 81, 94 history, 5–9, 12, 91 Hobbes, Thomas Leviathan, 127 Hollywood, 71, 94–95, 134 Home Correspondence School, 70–71 Hopi, 80 Horne, Charles The Technique of the Novel, 71 How Institutions Think (Douglas), 127 human intelligence, 116, 122, 123, 134 humanities, 121 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 50 IBM, 8, 87, 113 IBM 709 computer, 88, 109 Ibn Khaldun, 9, 18–21, 25, 45–46, 48, 118, 139 Muqaddimah, 18–19, 26 Ibn Tufail Hayy ibn Yaqzan (“Self-Taught Philosopher”), 36 indexers and indexing, 113 induction, 52 industrial age, 2, 64 information, flow of, 105 innovation, 8 inputs, 5 Inquisition, 31 inscription, 12 Institute for Ethics in AI, 131 intellectual work, 61–62 intelligence, 34–37; See also artificial intelligence (AI) of AI, 14–16, 21, 125 collective, 133 concept of, 116 conversational, 139 defining, 4 distributed, 123–24 general, 37–38 human, 116, 122, 123, 134 as labor, 61, 124 linguistic, 101 machine, 37, 115–16 military, 132 spectrum of, 17 statistical, 114 super-, 21 unevenness of, 139 universal, 37–38, 139 internet, 17, 136 Italy, 30 Ivan V, Tsar, 34 Jacquard loom, 60, 67 Jakobson, Roman, 84 Jones, Karen Spärck, 113 journalism, 61 Journal of Business Ethics, 127 justice, concept of, 116 Kafka, Franz, 61 Kane, William R., 70 Kaplan, Ronald, 92 Kay, Martin, 92 Kazakhstan, 139 Keeler, Harry Web-Work, 73, 95 Kepler, Johannes, 30 keywords, weighted, 113 keywords in context, 113 Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-, 9 Kircher, Athanasius, 30–34, 36, 39–40, 44, 48, 49, 56, 60, 75 Kissinger, Henry, 16 Klein, Sheldon, 92 knowledge, 11, 21, 31, 32, 35–36, 46, 132 knowledge work, 5, 62, 133–36 KPMG, 131 Kubrick, Stanley, 93 Kuhlmann, Quirinus, 30–32, 34, 40 “Heavenly Love-Kiss XLI,” 31, 40 Kyrgyzstan, 8 labor, 123 collective, 123 intellectual, 61–62 and knowledge work, 133–36 Latin, 39 Latin Word Study Tool, 28 Laughery, Kenneth, 92 law, 127 Law & Order (television series), 79 “Laws of Literary Invention,” 81 learning, 115–16, 125–26 Lehert, Wendy, 93 Leibniz, Gottfried, 10, 43–46, 48, 55, 60, 118 Characteristica universalis, 44 Plus Ultra, 44–45 Leningrad State University, 82 Lenski, Lois The Little Train, 87, 88, 90, 109 Lermontov, Mikhail, 121 letter magic, 20–22 Leviathan (Hobbes), 127 Li, Robin, 113 Lindsay, Kathleen, 66 linguistic intelligence, 101 linguistic proficiency, 115–16 linguistics, 2, 83–87, 92–93, 101, 103, 113, 114, 119 literacy, 38, 64, 67 literary markets, 65, 70 literary production, 64–67, 69, 71–72, 79 literature, 1, 9–11, 59, 61, 65, 80–82, 120–21 Little, Paul, 66 Little Train, The (Lenski), 87, 88, 90, 109 Llull, Ramon, 9, 10, 24–27, 31, 46, 48, 91, 118 Ars Brevis, 24, 31 local values, 38 London, Jack, 74 Longfellow, Henry, 80 Lost (television series), 36 Lovelace, Ada, 12, 43, 48, 51–52, 54–60, 64, 91, 118 Lucas, George, 93 Luhn, Peter, 113 machine intelligence, 37, 115–16 machine learning, 115–16, 125–26 machine translation, 119 mainframe computers, 87, 88 malicious agents, 136 manual transmissions, 14 manufacturing mass, 133–34 template-based, 60–61, 64 MARGIE (story generator), 92 markets, literary, 65, 70 Markets and Methods for Writers, 71 Markov, Andrey Andreyevich, 103–5, 109–10, 112 Markov chains, 10, 101, 106, 108–9 Marx, Karl, 29 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 21, 87, 92, 105 mass literacy, 38 mass manufacturing, 133–34 Masterman, Margaret, 92, 113, 119 Mathematical Organ, 32–34, 39–40, 44, 48, 75 matrix, 64 meaning (meaning-making), 8–9, 57, 91, 93, 101–3, 105, 110–12, 114, 115, 138 Meaning of Meaning, The (Ogden and Richards), 102 mechanical notation, 53–54 Meditations (Descartes), 35 Meehan, James, 92, 94–97, 99 memorization, 3 memory, 8–9, 28–29 MESSY (story generator), 92 metaphors, 6, 13, 17, 29, 111, 115, 125–28 military, 10, 87–88, 93, 97, 119, 132 mind, 3, 4, 6, 16, 62, 84, 92–94, 96, 102, 114–15 missile defense systems, 10, 87 MIT, See Massachusetts Institute of Technology MITRE Corporation, 10, 88 mobile phone assistants, 123 moral agency, 131–32 Morphology of the Folktale (Propp), 80–82, 93, 96 Morse code, 7 Moscow, Russia, 34 MS.

pages: 299 words: 81,377

The No Need to Diet Book: Become a Diet Rebel and Make Friends With Food
by Plantbased Pixie
Published 7 Mar 2019

adenosine 210 adolescents 39, 201 adrenaline (hormone) 54, 55, 225 advertising food 91, 165–6 television 169 aerobic exercise 184 ageing population 185, 214, 272 Ainscough, Jess 8 air pollution 237 alcohol intake 33 and sleep 211 and stress 216 Allison, Michelle 5 Alzheimer’s disease 185 American Psychological Association 84 anger 65–7 anorexia nervosa in Fiji 163 hunger and 31 men and 168 and orthorexia 105–7 social media and 155 UK population and 198 anxiety 153–4, 161, 176, 188, 197–9 artificial flavourings 90, 130 artificial vs natural 127–31, 147 atherosclerosis 215–16 avoidance, food 6 ‘bad’ foods 89–90 bad/unhealthy, good/healthy 89–91, 101, 128, 141, 255 balanced diet 39, 45, 70 BDD (body dysmorphic disorder) 192, 199 beauty ideals 17, 109 Beauty Myth, The (Wolf) 248 bias, weight 37–8, 42, 50 quiz 50 binge-eating 39 binge-restrict cycle 84–5 black women, fat 42–3, 273–4 blood lipids 33, 45 blood pressure 29, 33, 45, 145, 184 blood sugar 29, 143, 184, 216 BMI (Body Mass Index) 22–3, 32, 33–4 body dissatisfaction eating disorders and 18, 103 girls/women and 164, 167 men and 196 weight bias and 37–8 body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) 38, 192, 199 body image 273–8 improving 117–18 negative 104, 191–2, 217 quiz 204–5 Body Mass Index (BMI) 22–3, 32, 33–4 ‘body positivity’ movement 273–4 body shapes 17 bone mass, reduced 36 boredom 67–9 Brandolini, Alberto 13 Bratman, Steven 99–100 bread ‘bad’ food 261 white 126 wholewheat 129 British diet, typical 145 bulimia 32, 168 caffeine 210 calories counting 3, 31, 36 empty 88–9 ‘low-calorie’ food 90–1 camps, weight-loss 39 cancer bloggers and 8 chronic inflammation and 216 pesticides and 262 scares 140–2 sugar and 148 carbohydrates 69, 70, 71, 261 carbphobia 142–7, 148 cardio exercise 192, 194–5 CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) 222 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 208 cheat meals 84–6 cheese 146, 261 chemicals 132 chemotherapy 89, 142 ‘chewing’ diet 3 childhood close family and 226 epilepsy and 142 food 63, 244–5 food as a reward 93 and food language 257–8 free school meals 234 overweight 27 school weight-loss programmes 27–8 socio-economic factors 231–4, 236–9 Chinese medicine 14–15 cholesterol 29, 45, 145 Christmas dinner 62, 245 circadian rhythm 210 clean eating 78–80, 112, 155 cleansing 82–4, 104 clock changes, and sleep 212 clock, internal body 210 cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) 222 cold, common 53, 215 colonialism 135 comfort food 53, 61, 62–5, 65 common humanity 276 conditions, chronic 214 confirmation bias 270 control, food and 108 convenience foods 64–5 coping mechanisms 72, 83, 109, 218, 238 coping skills 219 cortisol (hormone) and insulin 216 levels of 56–7, 58–9, 61, 191, 212, 225 production of 36, 54, 55 counselling 113 cravings, food 61 ‘cult’, diet and 5–8, 11–14 dairy products 125, 127, 141, 146 death, premature 22, 24, 223 dementia 185 depression 70–1, 153–4, 168–70, 186–9, 192 detoxing 82–4, 137 diabetes, type 2 exercise and 184 and fearmongering 262 metabolic syndrome and 38 obesity and 24, 28 reversing 143 stress and 216 studies on 29 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 100 diet books 3, 82, 123 culture 12, 17–20, 128 history of 2–5 industry 24–5 leaders 10 mentality 245 Diet & Health: With Key to the Calories (Peters) 3 dietary guidelines, UK 145 dieting 112–13 dieting theology 8–9 dietitians 119 disability 171, 190, 272 discrimination 37, 42–3, 217 disgust 79 documentaries, food 172–5 dopamine 68, 185 DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) 100 dysmorphia 38, 168, 192, 199 ‘earn’ your food 92–3 eating behaviours 39, 154–6 eating disorders 99–121 and body image 192 HAES® approach 45 and mass media 163 risk of 32 and social media 154–6 weight stigma and 38, 39 education level of 233–4 nutritional 114–15 emotional eating 51–74, 249–52 distraction 251–2 identifying 52, 250–1 quiz 73 weight stigma and 39 emotions, social pressure and 11–12 employment 234–5 endorphins 189, 198 energy-dense food 57, 85 energy intake 95 epilepsy 142 ethnic minority groups 217 eustress 218–19 exercise 179–86 addiction 196–200 attitudes toward 271–3 benefits of 183–6 lack of 222 quiz 203 stress and 220 Facebook 11, 152, 155, 159, 162 fad diet 3 failure, diet 26–7, 32 fasting 6, 39 fat-burning 94–5 ‘fat’ terminology 41 fatphobia 43 fats, unsaturated 146 fear of missing out (FOMO) 153–4 fearmongering 123–48, 260–4 language 172 orthorexia and 111 quiz 149 feminism 248 fight-or-flight response 55–6, 212, 213 fitness environment 194–6 fitspo 180–3, 200–2 5 A Day (fruit and vegetables) 33 fizzy drinks 28 Fletcher, Horace 3 FOMO (fear of missing out) 153–4 food, as identity 5–8 food poisoning 125 Food Standards Agency, UK (FSA) 91 food traditions 4 ‘forbidden’ foods 60, 79, 245 Foresight obesity model 35 free school meals 234 freedom to choose 4–5 frozen foods 124 fuel poverty 236 fullness 46–7, 249 gastrointestinal symptoms 217 ghrelin (hormone) 47, 54, 56, 61, 211 Gibson, Belle 8 glucose 58–9 gluten 14, 101, 104, 123, 139 Gluten Lie, The (Levinovitz) 14 good/healthy, bad/unhealthy 89–91, 128, 141, 255 Goop brand 135–6 GP surgeries 229 Graham, Sylvester 15 green spaces 236–7 guilt 115, 197, 198–9, 250 guilt-free food 86–7 guilty pleasure 87 HAES® (Health At Every Size) 44–8 ‘hangry’ (hungry-angry) 66–7 happiness 52–3, 69–74 Health At Every Size (HAES®) 44–8 health, population 208–9 health-promoting behaviours improvements in 45 lifestyle and 238 messages about 41, 244 and social media 154 types of 33–4 health scares 111–12, 140–2 healthcare systems 228–31 Australian 230–1 US 230 and weight bias 37–8 healthism 17 healthy movement 271–3 heart attacks 212, 215 heart disease exercise and 184 and friends 225 metabolic syndrome and 38 obesity and 24 risk factors 145 stress and 215–16 HFSS (High Fat, Sugar and Salt foods) 91 high stress reactivity 57 HIIT (high-intensity interval training) 180 homophobia 42, 43 hormones 36, 47, 54–7, 61, 69 hospital care 229–30 housing 236 HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis 55, 56, 61, 213, 215 humanity, common 276 hunger diet culture and 19, 30, 31–2 emotional 249 exercise and 183–4 hormones 47 signals 46–7 sleep and 211 hypertension 24 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis 55, 56, 61, 213, 215 income, levels of 233–4, 237–9 indulgence foods 64 inflammatory response 214–15, 216 insomnia, fatal familial 209 Instagram ‘clean eating’ and 155–6 and fitness 181, 182 food and 113, 116 mental health and 153, 161, 162 social comparison and 160 users of 152 insulin (hormone) cortisol and 216 definition 55 glucose and 58–9 release of 70, 143 sensitivity 33 Internet access 151 intuitive eating 46–7, 244–8 Intuitive Eating (Tribole and Resch) 247 iPhones 265, 266 isolation, social 223 junk food 91–2 Just Eat It (Thomas) 247 ketogenic diet 16, 142–3 Kraut, Robert 152 language, to describe food 75–97, 96–7, 254–8 LCHF (low-carb high-fat) diets see low-carb diet leptin (hormone) cortisol and 56 food cravings and 61 hunger levels and 47, 54, 211 stress and 58 Levinovitz, Alan, The Gluten Lie 14 LGBTQ+ community 42, 161, 217, 248 life expectancy 232 lifestyle changes 33 diseases 40 liposuction 29 loneliness 61–5, 223 quiz 227–8 Love Island 108 low-carb diet books 3, 82 carbphobia 142–7 myths and 70 natural foods and 123–4, 127, 128 and nostalgia 133 ‘low-fat’ food 81, 90–1 maca (superfood powder) 134 magazines 166, 177, 182, 267 Magic Pill,The (documentary) 173, 174 malnutrition 43 matcha (superfood) 134–5 media literacy training 269 media, mass 162–71, 267–71 advertising in 91, 165–6, 169 blamed for eating disorders 109 body image and 18 and body image quiz 177 fearmongering in 148 positives about 170–1 medical care 228–31 Mediterranean style diet 71, 146 melatonin 210 men, and media pressure 167–8 menopause, post 185 mental health 186–96 mental healthcare 229 metabolic syndrome 38–9 metabolism 30, 32, 57, 95 metaphors, food 77 milk 125, 127, 141, 146 mindful eating 252–4 mindfulness 252, 276 misinformation 13–14, 111, 114, 171–5 money, and socio-economic factors 237–9 morality ‘clean’/‘dirty’ foods 78–9 ‘fat’ and 9 food language and 254–5, 258 good/bad foods 13 of health 109 mortality 24, 28, 33 motivation 191 social and cognitive 12–13 muscle dysmorphia 38, 168 National Health Service (NHS) 228–30 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 41 natural food 81 natural vs artificial 127–31, 147 nature, being around 187, 190–1 Neff, Dr Kristin 275 negative associations, with food 76, 86, 97 Netflix 148, 171–5 neuropeptide Y (hormone) 54, 56 NHS (National Health Service) 228–30, 261, 262 nocebo effect 138–40, 148 non-REM sleep 209, 212 noradrenaline (hormone) 54, 55, 56–7 North–South divide 232 nostalgic foods 63, 132–6, 148 nutrient-dense foods 70–1, 90 nutrient-poor foods 88–9 nutrition 19–20 importance of 279 nutritionists 119 obesity cost of 43 levels 21–4 ‘Obesity causes cancer’ campaign 42 paradox 24 objectification theory 193–4 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 106 organic products 129 orthorexia nervosa 99–121, 258–60 and anorexia 105–7 case studies 104–5 causes 107–13 definition 99–100 diagnostic criteria 101–4 quiz 120–1 risk factors 121 symptoms of 100 treatment 113–19 osteoarthritis 28 osteoporosis 36, 185 overcrowding 236 overexercise 196–200 oxytocin (hormone) 225 paleo diet 15, 16 panic disorder 188 pasteurisation 125 perfectionism 110–11 pesticides 129, 262 Peters, Dr Lulu Hunt, Diet & Health: With Key to the Calories 3 pets, and stress 220 physical activity 39, 45, 95 placebo effect 139 pro-anorexia websites/forums 155 processed food 124–7, 147 protein 58, 69–70 pseudoscience, power of 8–17 PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) 188 public health policies 40–1 purging 39 racism 6, 43, 217 randomised control trials (RCTs) 143 raw foodists 6 real food 81–2 religion, food and 6–8, 83–4 REM (rapid eye movement) 209, 211 respiratory problems 236, 237 rest, importance of 273 restrained eaters 59, 101 ‘revenge body’ 110 running, and depression 187–8 SAM (sympathetic-adrenal medullary) system 55–6, 213, 215 saturated fat 143, 144, 145–6, 147 scientific journals 27 scientific literature 29, 53 self-acceptance 117, 117–18 self-care 48, 119, 275 self-compassion 117, 275–8 self-esteem and exercise 189–90 increased 45 low 104, 109–10, 278 and social media 156–60, 162 self-kindness 276 serotonin (hormone) 69, 71 set point 30 shakes, meal-replacement 3–4 shame 38, 43, 250 slavery 15 sleep 209–13 and alcohol 211 apnoea 28 deprivation 47, 211, 212 and food 210–11 non-REM sleep 209, 212 quiz 213 REM 209, 211 smoking 33, 216 social comparison 156–60 social/cultural pressure 11–12, 16 social factors, stress and 222–6 social media 151–62 bloggers 80, 92, 112, 112–13, 156 ‘cleanse’ 116 detox from 264–7 fearmongering on 148 misinformation in 14 positives 160–2 wellness and 7–8, 10, 11 social pressure 38, 108–9, 109–10 social relationships 222–4 socio-economic factors 40, 228, 231–9 sociocultural theory 192 sport 190, 191 statistics, diet failure 26–7 stigma, weight 37–40, 42–3, 60, 217 stress 53–61, 213–22 acute 56 and alcohol 216 chronic 36, 56, 60, 61, 213–14 distraction from 219 and exercise 190 hormones 36, 54, 214–15, 217, 225 money and 237–9 positive 218–19 quiz 221 work-related 215–16 strokes 215–16 sugar and fearmongering 147–8, 262 and slavery 15 and toxicity 136, 138, 148 superfoods 83, 128, 134–5 supplements 128, 188 surroundings, health and 236–7 sweet foods 58 sympathetic-adrenal medullary (SAM) system 55–6, 213, 215 teenagers, and media advertising 165–6 television commercials 18, 19, 91 watching 18, 163, 166–7, 169 tinned foods 124 toxicity 136–8 sugar and 136, 138, 148 Transport for London 237 triglycerides 29, 184 tryptophan (amino acid) 69–70 Tumblr 161 Twitter 152, 153, 162 type 2 diabetes exercise and 184 and fearmongering 262 metabolic syndrome and 38 obesity and 24, 28 reversing 143 unemployment 234–5 unsaturated fats 146 vaccination 133 veganism 10, 102, 127 vegetables, and fruit 33 vitamin D 187–8 water 125 weight bias 37–8, 42 quiz 50 weight-focused approach 36 weight-inclusive programme 45 weight-lifting 192, 195, 199, 272 weight-loss programmes claims by 34–5 in schools 27–8 vs weight-inclusive programme 45 workplace 28 weight-loss studies 27 weight-normative approach 21–2, 35, 44–8 weight, social-economic factors and 240–1 wellness brands 92, 126 as a ‘cult’ 7, 12, 128 fearmongering and 123 and leaders 9, 10 ‘Only eat foods you can pronounce’ 131–2, 134, 147 price tags 78–9, 102 and social media 7–8, 10, 11 What the Health (documentary) 172, 174 Women’s Health Initiative (US) 26 World Health Organization (WHO) 1, 2, 208 yo-yo dieting 36–7 yoga 190, 195, 272 ‘You are what you eat’ 14–15, 16, 81–2, 94 YouTube 158 About Anima Anima is an illustrated non-fiction lifestyle imprint from Head of Zeus.

…

In orthorexia, the opposite seems to be true, and people are happy to be loud and proud about their dietary choices. So far, all of these symptoms sound quite positive. But orthorexia is also associated with significant dietary restrictions, malnutrition and social isolation. Currently, orthorexia does not appear in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)*, as official diagnostic criteria are still being established and we still need more research to convince enough people that this is a real, distinct condition that deserves to be in the DSM. The proposed diagnostic criteria for orthorexia include obsessive focus on healthy eating, food anxiety and dietary restrictions, with these behaviours causing clinical impairments.69,70 The primary criterion for orthorexia is an obsession with healthy eating or following a rigid dietary pattern in the pursuit of health.

pages: 298 words: 83,625

Understanding the Borderline Mother: Helping Her Children Transcend the Intense, Unpredictable, and Volatile Relationship
by Christine Ann Lawson
Published 1 Sep 2000

From her throne in the eye of the hurricane, brandishing her magic wand of obsession, ruled the queen of chaos herself: Mommie dearest” (p. 174). Because BPD was previously misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, no reliable way exists to estimate the number of adult children with BPD mothers (Kroll 1988). BPD was first identified as a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980, three years after Joan Crawford’s death. Confusion, controversy, and misdiagnosis are not surprising considering the growing number of individuals who suffer from borderline personality disorder. BPD has been ascribed to personalities as diverse as Susan Smith, a vilified mother who drowned her two young sons in 1994, and the late Diana, Princess of Wales, the “caring princess” (Smith 1999, p. 194).

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These fairy-tale fathers leave their children balanced precariously on the edge of reality. Only those fathers who validate their children’s perceptions and feelings, and believe what their children tell them, can protect them from developing BPD. 1. For a more complete description of narcissistic personality disorder, see The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Assocation. 9 Loving the Waif Without Rescuing Her At night, when she was tired out with work, she had no bed to sleep in but had to lie in the ashes by the hearth. —Cinderella “My mother spent days at a time in bed when she was depressed.

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Those of us who can see must shine the light of our understanding like a beacon guiding a ship to harbor, or share in the responsibility of allowing mothers to drown their own children in a sea of despair. 1. Used with permission. References Adler, G. (1985). Borderline Psychopathology and Its Treatment. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA. American Red Cross. (1968). Life Saving and Water Safety, 24th printing. New York: Doubleday. Baker, J. (1987). Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography. New York: Norton. Balint, M. (1968). The Basic Fault. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Baum, L.

pages: 428 words: 126,013

Lost Connections: Uncovering the Real Causes of Depression – and the Unexpected Solutions
by Johann Hari
Published 1 Jan 2018

Joanne noticed that when her patients were given these diagnoses, they would “start questioning their own feelings, and doubting themselves—and that causes them to hide more.” After seeing this happen more times than she could count, she began to investigate how depression is diagnosed, and to publish scientific papers on one aspect of it in particular. The way doctors are supposed to identify depression is laid out, in the United States, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), which has appeared in five different editions now and is written by panels of psychiatrists. This is the Bible used by almost all U.S. general practitioners when they diagnose depression or anxiety, and it’s hugely influential across the world. To get a diagnosis of depression, you have to show at least five out of nine symptoms nearly every day: for example, depressed mood, decreased interest in pleasure, or feelings of worthlessness.

…

Index Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study, here advertisements benefits of restricting/banning, here people’s claim not to be affected by, here power to create materialistic desires, here, here alertness, heightened, in periods of loneliness, here, here Amish communities, here brutal theology of, here concept of heaven in, here connection to people in, here conscious choice to lead slowed life, here lifestyle of, here low levels of depression in, here as one pole of collectivist-individualist spectrum, here and Rumspringa, here Anda, Robert, here, here animals baboon status hierarchies, here captive, depression in, here, here antidepressants author as evangelist for, here, here, here, here author’s decision to stop taking, here author’s first prescription for, here, here author’s need for increasing doses of, here author’s realization of need for, here debate about role of placebo effect, here lifestyle changes as, here longterm use, unknown effects of, here most-prescribed, here ongoing depression despite, as typical, here, here, here, here specific action of, as unknown, here, here trial-and-error method for choice of, here widespread use of, here See also drug testing of antidepressants; side effects of antidepressants anxiety, and depression, as paired disorders with single origin, here Aspiration Index, here baboon troops status hierarchies in, here stress of low-status members, here Baltimore Bicycle Works cooperative structure of, here founding of, here origin of idea for, here worker satisfaction at, here, here, here Barbour, Allen, here Barrett, Fred, here Beachey, Lauron, here Beecher, Henry, here behavioral treatments for depression importance of supervision in, here See also Bromley-by-Bow Center; social prescribing Behncke, Isabel background of, here depression of, while confined indoors, here, here on depression on captive animals, here, here on disconnection from natural world as cause of depression, here, here mountain climb with author, here, here, here, here, here, here study of bonobos, here Berkman, Lisa, here Berlin, author’s visit to, here See also Kotti neighborhood biological causes of depression, here See also genetic causes of depression; neuroplasticity biophilia, in humans, here bio-psycho-social model of depression, here as currently-accepted model, here limited clinical use of today, here psychiatrists’ focus on biological component of, here bonobos Behncke’s study of, here captive, depression in, here, here brain, physical changes caused by altered environment (neuroplasticity), here, here brain scan, of depressed/anxious person, here Bregman, Rutgers, here, here British civil service, work-related depression in, here Bromley-by-Bow Center (London) development of non-drug treatments for depression, here doctors’ humility at, here holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment, here prescribing of activities rather than drugs, here use of chemical antidepressants at, here Brown, George memories of relative’s suicide, here ongoing research of, here research on environmental causes of depression, here, here impact of, here, here training as anthropologist, here business, hierarchical, as relatively new type, here Cacciatore, Joanne on grief, cultural misunderstanding of, here, here, here on grief as necessary, here, here relationship between grief and depression, here stillborn baby, grief caused by, here as traumatic bereavement specialist, here Cacioppo, John on human need for connection to tribe, here, here, here, here on loneliness vs. being alone, here research on loneliness and depression, here, here, here on snowball effect in depression, here, here on social media and loneliness, here call centers, stressful work in, here Cambodia, community-based approach to depression in, here Carhart-Harris, Robin, here Cash, Hilarie, here Caspi, Avshalom, here Cates, Jim, here, here Celexa, drug testing on, here Cengiz, Nuriye background of, here, here and bonding of Kotti residents, here, here eviction of, here friends made during Kotti protest, here and involvement with others as treatment for depression, here and Kotti neighborhood protest, here, here, here neighbors’ efforts to help, here protests against evictions, here suicide threat by, here, here Chandler, Michael on medicalized view of depression, here research on invisibility of future for depressed persons, here, here, here research on Native American/First Nations suicide rates, here Chasing the Scream (Hari), here, here chemical imbalance model of depression and Age of Prozac, here author as evangelist for, here, here, here, here author’s discovery of, here author’s eventual questioning of, here author’s search for alternative explanation, here, here, here as characteristic of materialistic society, here and confusion of grief with depression, here as confusion of symptom with cause, here, here, here falsity of, here, here, here, here lack of evidence for, here origin of theory, here pharmaceutical industry support for, here, here, here as product of medicalized view of emotions, here, here psychological effects on depressed persons, here, here, here reasons for persistence of, here as standard view of medical community, here, here, here, here triumph over reactive model, here United Nations statement on, here and Western individualism, here See also endogenous model of depression childhood trauma of author, healing effect of discussing, here child’s tendency to blame self for, here health effects of repressing, here as often hidden by victim, here childhood trauma, as cause of depression, here, here, here doctors’ reluctance to accept, here patients’ difficult accepting, here psychological mechanisms of, here research on, here childhood trauma, as cause of obesity, here doctors’ reluctance to accept, here childhood trauma, overcoming in psychedelic drug experiences, here, here, here through acknowledgment of trauma, here Clausen, Matthias, here, here, here Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), as treatment for depression, here Cohen, Sheldon, here confession, healing effects of, here cooperatives as democratic form of business, here, here higher growth in, here human need for connection to tribe and, here, here and incentive to work, here limited research on, here as once-common form of business, here and regaining control over work, here See also Baltimore Bicycle Works Coppen, Alex, here cortisol high blood levels in low-status baboons, here high saliva levels with increased loneliness, here coupsticks, in Crow culture, here Crow nation confinement to reservation, here culture of, here culture, unhealthy, as cause of depression, here, here, here and need for large changes, here, here and undermining of stigma attached to depression, here See also depression, causes of Cunningham, Lisa depression of, here and non-drug treatments for depression, here depression and anxiety, as paired disorders with single origin, here bipolar (manic), biological component of, here bowed-down posture characteristics of, here, here in captive animals, here, here chronic, in author’s childhood and youth, here as form of grief, here, here high incidence in Western cultures, here measurement of, here as once-taboo subject, here, here painfulness of, here as type of submission response, here and unhappiness, continuum between, here depression, causes of author’s reluctance to begin research into, here, here disconnection as common thread in, here limited data on, here non-chemical, as commonly ignored, here See also bio-psycho-social model of depression; childhood trauma; endogenous model of depression; environmental causes of depression; future, hopeful/secure; genetic causes of depression; natural world, disconnection from; neuroplasticity and depression; people, disconnection from; reactive model of depression; status and respect, disconnection from; values, meaningful, disconnection from; work, meaningful, disconnection from derealization, as symptom of depression, here Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and confusion of grief with depression, here and “grief exception,” here symptoms of depression in, here dopamine imbalance of, as cause of depression, lack of evidence for, here, here and Internet addiction, here drug testing as corrupt process, here low threshold for drug approval in, here standard format for, here drug testing of antidepressants as corrupt process, here drug companies’ suppression of unfavorable results, here fundamental problems with, here Kirsch and Sapirstein review of, here, here Kramer’s critiques of, here limited effect shown in, here researchers’ awareness of limited effectiveness, here on side effects, here drug use, widespread, here health effects of, here DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Dungan, Nathan, here Duronin, drug testing on, here Effexor, drug testing on, here ego. See self/ego emotional abuse as child. See childhood trauma emotions, medicalization of chemical imbalance model of depression as product of, here mental health concept as, here The Emperor’s New Drugs (Kirsch), here endogenous model of depression conflicting expert opinions on, here vs. reactive theory, here, here, here research undermining, here, here impact of, here, here See also chemical imbalance model of depression environmental causes of depression and bio-psycho-social model, here Brown and Harris study of, here, here, here genetic susceptibility to, here opposing effect of “stabilizers,” here psychological effects on depressed persons, here envy culture of, in modern world, here, here overcoming, through “sympathetic joy” meditation, here Everington, Sam background of, here and development of non-drug treatments for depression, here holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment, here, here on social prescribing, here exercise, and reduction of depression, here Felitti, Vincent on chemical-imbalance model of depression, here research on childhood trauma and depression, here research on childhood trauma and obesity, here research on repression of childhood trauma, health effects of, here feminism, on unhappiness of 1950s housewives, here First Nations/Native American groups, disconnection from hopeful future as one cause of depression in, here, here, here flow states, in intrinsically vs. extrinsically motivated activities, here Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and drug testing records, here, here food poisoning, author’s experience of, here, here Ford, Brett, here, here Forget, Evelyn analysis of Canadian universal basic income experiment, here background of, here Freudian psychology, and reactive theory of depression, here, here friends, as “stabilizer” against depression, here Frumkin, Howard, here future hopeful/secure, psychological protection provided by, here, here invisibility of, to depressed persons, here, here future, hopeful/secure, disconnection from as cause of depression, here, here in modern workers, here in Native American/First Nations groups, here, here, here future, restoring, here cooperatives and, here universal basic income and, here See also universal basic income Gartner, Taina, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here gay marriage, movement to legalize, here gay people and AIDS, self-blame for, here and Berlin Kotti neighborhood protest, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and health effects of shame, here poor treatment in Amish communities, here genetic causes of depression, here, here as assumed cause of author’s depression, here as environment-dependent risk factor, here research on, here Gilbert, Paul, here GlaxoSmithKline, here globalized economy, universal basic income as solution to insecurity created by, here, here Gore, Tipper, here Greenberg, Gary, here grief of Cacciatore, after stillborn baby, here cultural misunderstanding of, here, here, here depression as form of, here, here doctors’ categorization of as depression, here as necessary, here, here “grief exception,” in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), here Griffith, Roland career of, here experience with meditation, here, here research on effects of psychedelic drugs, here and similarity between meditation and psychedelic drug experience, here, here, here See also psychedelic drugs, spiritual experiences caused by Hamann, Uli, here Hamilton scale, here happiness effectiveness of conscious effort to attain, here individual vs. group concept of, here Harris, Tirril impact of research by, here, here study on environmental causes of depression, here, here Haygarth, John, here, here, here, here Healy, David, here, here heart rate, increase in, with increased loneliness, here Heerwagen, Judith, here Hopkins, Katie, here housewives of 1950s, feminist views on unhappiness of, here 5-HTT gene, and depression, here Hudderites, low levels of loneliness in, here human needs, unmet as cause of depression, here materialism and, here misrepresentation as individual responsibility, here, here pain of, as message about needed changes in society, here See also tribe, human need for connection to identity, continuity of, depressed persons’ inability to cognize, here Imipramine, here immune system, effects of loneliness on, here individualism, and chemical imbalance model of depression, here inequality within cultures, as cause of depression, here Internet and social media addiction to, here, here and human need for connection to tribe, here as ineffective substitute for real social connection, here and self-absorbed envy, here, here treatment center for Internet addiction, here, here Western obsession with, here Ioannidis, John, here Ipronid, here I-Want-Golden-Things Rule, here Johnstone, Lucy, here Kaiser Permanente, here, here, here Kaltnborn, Sandy, here, here, here, here, here Kaltnhorn, Uli, here, here, here, here, here Kasser, Tim on advertising’s power to create materialistic desires, here childhood of, here, here and consumer values, experiment in changing, here on intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivations, here nonmaterialistic lifestyle adopted by, here personal realization about link between materialism and depression, here research on link between materialism and depression, here, here research on materialism’s destructive effects, here Kavlak, Mehmet, here, here, here, here, here Kirmayer, Laurence, here Kirsch, Irving credentials of, here experience with prescribing antidepressants, here opposition to research conclusions of, here research on origin of serotonin theory of depression, here research on placebo effect, here review of antidepressant drug testing, here, here, here on side effects of antidepressants, here Kohlenberg, Robert, here Kotti neighborhood (Berlin) experience of residents in, here history of, here poverty and crime in, here rising rents in, here, here tensions between groups in, here, here, here, here Kotti neighborhood protest, here, here accomplishment of rent-freeze goals, here attention attracted by, here, here, here bonding of residents during, here, here, here, here, here, here camp blocking street, here, here and connection to other people as treatment for depression, here, here, here, here demands of, here and expanded sense of “home,” here, here expansion to city-wide referendum effort, here guarding of camp, here marches, here origins of, here perseverance of, here police efforts to shut down, here, here strain on protesters, here and Tuncai (homeless man), adoption of, here and Tuncai, freeing from psychiatric facility, here Kramer, Peter critiques of drug testing for antidepressants, here on effectiveness of antidepressants, here on longterm use of antidepressants, unknown effects of, here Lancet, here Layard, Richard, here Lear, Jonathan, here Lewis, Marc background of, here on neuroplasticity, here, here on stigma attached to depression, here life events, negative, as cause of depression impact of research on, here, here research on, here See also environmental causes of depression lifestyle changes, as antidepressant, here Listening to Prozac (Kramer), here LSD.

pages: 559 words: 174,054

The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug
by Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer
Published 5 Dec 2000

The members of the population who consume caffeine are dispositionally more relaxed than the general population, and, conversely, those who do not consume caffeine are more jittery than most. As reflected in a new specific and separate diagnosis category in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV), psychiatrists now believe that caffeine can produce a distinct anxiety disorder, over and above the symptom of anxiety that appears as a component of caffeine intoxication and caffeine withdrawal. The DSM-IV states that, as with the anxiety induced by other psychoactive substances such as cocaine, caffeine-induced anxiety disorder can resemble panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, or even obsessive-compulsive disorder.

…

In Egypt and elsewhere among the Moslems, coffee was used as tender in the marketplace from the beginning of the sixteenth century. Caffeine Intoxication: Too Much of a Good Thing Many consumers of coffee, tea, and cola, never having entertained an association between caffeine and drug use, may be surprised to learn that the massive modern catalogue of psychiatric problems, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), includes an entry for “Caffeine Intoxication,” which it describes either as an acute drug overdose condition, occurring after the ingestion of a large amount of caffeine, or as a chronic condition, otherwise known as “caffeinism” or “caffeism,” associated with the regular consumption of large amounts of caffeine.

…

That is, many people across the country and around the world regularly use large doses of caffeine to get high. In doing so, they frequently encounter many of the symptoms of toxicity, somatic and psychological, that we discuss in this chapter. (See Appendix B, table 5, for the diagnostic criteria for caffeine intoxication from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.) Internet news groups are electronic confraternities in which people who have generally never met each other post public messages, photographs, and even sound files pertaining to a common interest. If you access such newsgroups as “alt.drugs.caffeine” or “alt.coffee” on any given day, you are certain to find questions, comments, confessions, misgivings, and boasts regarding the use of large amounts of caffeine.

pages: 600 words: 174,620

The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma
by Bessel van Der Kolk M. D.
Published 7 Sep 2015

Researchers’ need for a precise and systematic way to communicate their findings resulted in the development of the so-called Research Diagnostic Criteria, to which I contributed as a lowly research assistant. These eventually became the basis for the first systematic system to diagnose psychiatric problems, the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is commonly referred to as the “bible of psychiatry.” The foreword to the landmark 1980 DSM-III was appropriately modest and acknowledged that this diagnostic system was imprecise—so imprecise that it never should be used for forensic or insurance purposes.8 As we will see, that modesty was tragically short-lived.

…

Understanding what is “wrong” with people currently is more a question of the mind-set of the practitioner (and of what insurance companies will pay for) than of verifiable, objective facts. The first serious attempt to create a systematic manual of psychiatric diagnoses occurred in 1980, with the release of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the official list of all mental diseases recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The preamble to the DSM-III warned explicitly that its categories were insufficiently precise to be used in forensic settings or for insurance purposes. Nonetheless it gradually became an instrument of enormous power: Insurance companies require a DSM diagnosis for reimbursement, until recently all research funding was based on DSM diagnoses, and academic programs are organized around DSM categories.

…

However, other factors were equally important, such as President Kennedy’s 1963 Community Mental Health Act, in which the federal government took over paying for mental health care and which rewarded states for treating mentally ill people in the community. 8. American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature. Work Group to Revise DSM-III. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Publishing, 1980). 9. S. F. Maier and M. E. Seligman, “Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 105, no. 1 (1976): 3. See also M. E. Seligman, S. F. Maier, and J. H. Geer, “Alleviation of Learned Helplessness in the Dog,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 73, no. 3 (1968): 256; and R.

pages: 159 words: 45,725

Zest: How to Squeeze the Max Out of Life
by Andy Cope , Gavin Oattes and Will Hussey
Published 19 Jul 2019

Remember, today’s 1 in 4 are the diagnosed! The percentage feeling anxious on a regular basis is probably closer to 4 in 4. The frenetic toll of busyness weighs heavy. For those interested in the history of mental illness (basically nobody except Dr Andy) there’s a huge handbook called DSM5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition) that lists all the psychological disorders so far invented. It’s the shrinks’ bible. Edition 1 listed 22 mental disorders. The latest incarnation has 297, with a lot of the disorders having an array of sub-categories. Let’s just take one, as an example.

…

You can check Will out at www.artofbrilliance.co.uk or you can tweet him at @aobrillwill Index ABCDE exercise 189, 190–1, 205 Adams, Tony 216 addiction 118 adversity 189, 190 advertisement 111 aggression 88 alive time 215 aliveness 173–4 Allingham, Henry 216 allodoxaphobia 103 altruism 209 Amazon 28 anger 69, 167 angst 70 animation 65, 66 anxiety 30, 63, 83, 86, 87 Ardagh, Philip 75 Ardagh Tips 56 attachment theory 114 attention 111, 112 attitude 153, 165 can-do 72 awareness 195 Balboa, Rocky 177 belief 189, 191 Beschaulich 25 body 54–6 boogie woogie 127 bothered, being 71–2, 169 Bowie, David 44 brain 101–2 evolution of 148 fuel 148 healthy 218–20 brain injury 133 breathing 197–9, 205 Brilliant, Ashleigh 201 BROMO 115, 116 busyness 38–9, 40 Call the Midwife 77 can-do attitudes 72 Calment, Jeanne 216 capitalism 111 carers 132–6 caring profession 136 Carlson, Mary 137 celebration 67–8, 131 change, willingness to 173 children 45, 67–8 Christakis, Nicholas A. 96 clickbait 69 Cliff, Jimmy 26–7 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 190 commitment 163–9 comparison 104–7 compassion fatigue 135 compound interest 150–1 compulsive gambling 118 confidence 61, 62 conflict 118 connectedness 108 consequence 189, 191 consumption 42 content of experience 195 contentment 42 counselling 177 Crawford, Matthew 111 creativity 158 daily challenges 58–9 Dali, Salvador 220 dead time 215 Dean, James 128 depression 30, 62, 83, 88 as self-reinforcing cycle 132 depressive episode 88 Deresiewicz, William 106, 122 despair 167 destination addiction 92 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edn (DSM5) 63 digital detox 117–21 Dillard, Annie 107 disconnectedness 108 dispute, learning to 189, 191–2 Dryden, Dr Windy 105 education level 84 effort 163, 167 ego 194–7 emotional contagion 94–7 emotional soup 96 emotional spillage 96 emotional tolerance levels, normal 88 empathy 147 employee weaknesses 162 emptiness 40, 42, 88 energization 190, 192 enthusiasm 72 envy 104–7, 121 ethnicity 84 eudaimonia 166, 167, 209 euthymia 168 exercise 155 Exorcist, The 195 explanatory style 187–8 Facebook 39, 108–9 FaceTube 39, 128 failure 175 fake news 69 family extended 217 well-being, emotion and 96–7 Feynman, Richard 55 Field, Tiffany 137 flow 9 FOJI (Fear of Joining In)116 FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) 114, 115, 116 food 83, 211 forgetfulness 71 forgiveness 185–7, 204 Fosbury, Dick 81 Fowler, James H. 96 Freud, Sigmund 193 fun 193, 205 gender 84 Gibran, Khalil 20, 121 Gilbert, Dan 101–2 goals 168 Gogglebox 39 Goggling 37–42 Goleman, Daniel 95, 96 good news 68–71 Googling 37–42 gratitude 66 Griffiths, Mark 114 grudges 186 grumbling 61, 185, 186 grumpiness 86 habit 150–2 happiness 62, 72 50/10/40 ratio 83–5 for no reason 209 hacks 210–11 as in-sperience 90–1 instant 166, 167 moment 131–2, 202 sacrificing 166 search for 42, 92–3 as self-reinforcing cycle 132 spectrum 150 thermostat 94 Happiness Pie 83–5 hara hachi bu 217 hard knocks 28–31 Harlow, Harry 137 hate 56–8 haters 56–8 healing 80 health 84 hedonic treadmill 166 hedonism 166, 209 Hicks, Bill 173 Hodgson, Roger 215–16 hope 72, 152–4 House, Oriah, Mountain Dreamer (Invitation, The) 13–16 hugs 137–8 humour, lack of 34 identity 194 of ego 195, 197 illusory self 194 imagination 149 immersion mode 9 imperfections 184 imposter syndrome 36 improvised comedy 129 income 84 individuality 224 inflammation 70 initials, using middle 26 inner strength 75 in-sperience 86–91 Instagram 112, 114, 115, 116, 139 internet addiction 118 irritability 88 Jake, Adventure Time 210 Jamie and the Magic Torch 169 Japan, longevity in 216–17 JOMO (Joy of Missing Out) 116, 117 kalsarikänni see pantsdrunk Katie, Byron 130 Kerouac, Jack: On the Road 53 keystone habits 150, 152, 169 Kim Ki Joon, Dr 114 kindness 57–8 random acts of 57 King, Martin Luther 178, 179 Kington, Miles 218 Kintsugi 183–5, 204 Knopfler, Mark 89 Knudstorp, Jorgen Vig 158 Kool 53 Krishnamurti, Jiddu 196 Lamott, Anne 221 Larson, Gary 104 learned helplessness 154 learning 56 life expectancy 32–3, 216 life satisfaction 167 lifestyle 84 Lightman, Alan 117–18 Logical Song, The 215 London, Jack 223 loneliness 30, 88, 156 longevity league table 216–17 Lucretius 105 mania 88 Manson, Mark 187 marital status 84 Marsh, Nigel 41 materialism 41–2, 105, 197 Mbuki-mvuki 127 mediocrity 88, 165 memories 202 mental illness 62–3 statistics 80 metanoia 80, 81, 82 mindfulness 201, 202 mirror neurons 95 misery 86 modernity 29 MOMO (Mystery of Missing Out) 115 money 42 mood 154 changes 118 morosity 34 motivations 168 Nagasaki, Kendo 194 names 26 meaning of 179–81 Neanderthals 147, 148 negative emotions 70 negativity 61, 62, 69, 72, 165 neocortex 147, 149 neuroplasticity 149 news fake 69 good 68–71 unbiased 70 nexting 102 niceness 57 Nietzsche, Friedrich 138 nightmares 61 NLP 47, 56 nomophobia 113, 114 Normal, being 34–5 normality 177, 204 now, living in the 68, 199–203 Obama, Michelle 57 obesity 155, 156 Oedipus Complex 193 Ogling 37–42 Opening Night Principle 130 openness 95 optimism 72, 83, 152–4, 190 realistic 26 optimistic explanatory style 188, 190 overimagining 149 overthinking 149 Paddington Bear 46 pain 167 panic attacks 30, 63, 87 Palahniuk, Chuck 55 panicking about the future 149 pantsdrunk 139–41 paramedics 136 para-sympathetic arousal 95 passion, finding 158–60 peer review 79 performance review 162 personal development 158 personal responsibility 61 personality 224 pessimism 33 pessimistic explanatory style 188 phobias 103–4 phone separation anxiety 113 physical appearance 84 physical labour 28–9, 30 play 45–7, 225 playground 45 playtime 46–7 Poe, Edgar Allan 155 Poole, Mary 223 positive emotion 70 positive psychology 82, 88, 91, 150, 175 positivity 62, 72, 97 training in 165 post-traumatic growth 178 potential 163 Powell, Richard 184 pratfall effect 138 Pretoogjes 224 procrastination 211 psychological rebuilding 80 random acts of kindness 57 rationalization 147 realistic optimism 154 re-animation 65 regret 225 relapse 118 relationships, investment in 155–7 relaxation 140 remembering 71 retirement 222 Richards, Keith 215 Rogan, Joe 139 roles, social 29 Rose, Axl 174 rumination 149 Schwartz, Kenneth 136 sea squirts 37–8 seeing clearly 26–7 self-awareness 55 self-envy 106 self-harm 30 self-reinforcing cycle 132 Seligman, Professor Marty 189 separation anxiety 113, 114 set point 94 sex drive 88 sharing etiquette 120 sidekick 178–83, 204 silence 112 Simon, Paul 63 skeletons of the past 203–4, 205 skills 165 sleep 160–1 sleep hygiene 160 SLOMO (Slow to Miss Out) 116 small habits 150 smartphone 113–14 detoxing 119 smile 132, 176 Smith, Col.

pages: 291 words: 92,406

Thinking in Pictures: And Other Reports From My Life With Autism
by Temple Grandin
Published 10 Jan 2006

Another sign is inappropriate play with toys. The child may spend long periods of time spinning the wheel of a toy car instead of driving it around on the floor. Diagnosing autism is complicated by the fact that the behavioral criteria are constantly being changed. These criteria are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association. Using those in the third edition of the book, 91 percent of young children displaying autistic symptoms would be labeled autistic. However, using the newest edition of the book, the label would apply to only 59 percent of the cases, because the criteria have been narrowed.

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People who used to be labeled as science geeks or computer nerds are now diagnosed with Asperger's. Research in Sweden by Christopher Gillberg showed that some severe cases that used to be labeled mentally retarded are now labeled autistic. Another cause of the increase may be changes made to the DSMIV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1994 to expand the diagnostic criteria to include Asperger's and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimate that there are three to four autism cases per one thousand children. A CDC study in Atlanta, Georgia, indicated that 40 percent of all children on the spectrum are only diagnosed at school and 41 percent of special education students are on the autism spectrum.

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G. 1991 In the mind's eye Buffalo, New York, Prometheus Books Chapter 2 The Great Continuum: Diagnosing Autism REFERENCES D. Allen 1994 Conference. The Virginia Foundation for the Exceptional Child and Adolescent, October 8. Virginia, Richmond American Psychiatric Association, 1994 Diagnostic and statistical manual IV Washington, D.C. H. Asperger 1944 Autism and Asperger's syndrome. (ed.) U. Frith. Autistic psychopathy in childhood. Translated by Uta Frith. In. Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, pp. 37–92 Bauman M. L. Kemper T. L. 1994 (eds.) M. L. Bauman T. L. Kemper. The neurobiology of autism Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism.

pages: 407 words: 90,238

Stealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists Are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work
by Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheal
Published 21 Feb 2017

Until recently, BDSM was mostly practiced by a fringe subculture, and at some risk. In America, evidence of these behaviors was admissible in court as grounds for divorce or denial of child custody. But, in 2010, the American Psychiatric Association agreed to redefine21 “aberrant sexual behavior” in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the bible for mental illness classification), making a clear distinction between elective play and actual pathology. For the first time, consenting adults weren’t considered morally deviant or mentally ill for choosing sexual behavior that was beyond the pale. Which was just in time, considering the following year E.

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It’s not about you and it’s not about now help us balance ego inflation and time distortion. While don’t become a bliss junky and don’t dive too deep ensure that we don’t get seduced by the sensations and information that arise in altered states. Are these the only “known issues?” Not even close. Check out any of the world’s contemplative traditions or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and you’ll find dozens more. But these four cautions tie directly to the four core qualities of altered states—STER. They’re nonnegotiable. If you put it in the ditch with one of these, you’ve got no one to blame but yourself. “No sympathy for the devil,”18 Hunter S.

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See Michaels, Michael DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), 49, 100, 103, 104, 197–98 Davis, Erik, 78–79, 128, 158 Davis, Rich (pseud.), 11–12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 25 Davis, Steph, 137 Dawson, Justine, 81–82 daydreaming, 44–45, 125 default mode network, 125–26 Defense Department, U.S., 101, 164, 166, 168, 182–85, 189–91, 192, 193. See also DARPA; military, U.S. Deloitte (business consultants), 31, 43 “depatterning”: and pharmacology, 117 depression, 89, 96, 97, 100–101, 112. See also PTSD DEVGRU. See SEALs, U.S. Navy Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 84, 208–9 Dick, Phillip K., 103 Divine, Mark, 13 diving: and training for nonordinary states, 206–7 DMT (dimethyltryptamine), 121, 122, 129, 130–31 Doblin, Rick, 123 dolphins: and pharmacology, 115–16, 118 Don’t Become a Bliss Junkie, 205–6, 208 Don’t Dive Too Deep, 206–9 dopamine, 16, 20–21, 24, 31, 42, 44, 85, 141, 197, 203, 217 doppelgangers, 109–10 Downer, John, 115–16 Downtown Project (Hsieh), 161, 163, 210 Drucker, Peter, 28, 31 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), U.S., 119, 122–23, 129, 133, 200 drugs.

pages: 350 words: 96,803

Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution
by Francis Fukuyama
Published 1 Jan 2002

It is used today to treat a syndrome known as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, a “disease” commonly associated with young boys who have trouble sitting still in class. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) was first listed as a disease in 1980 in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the bible of official mental diseases. The name of the disease was changed in a later edition of the DSM to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity being added as a qualifying characteristic. The entry of ADD and then ADHD into the DSM was in itself an interesting development.

…

But they would be taking the drug for enhancement rather than for therapeutic reasons, and thus most people would want to prevent them from doing so. What makes Ritalin controversial is all the children in the middle, who meet some but not all of the diagnostic criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for the disease and who nonetheless are prescribed the drug by their family physician. If there was ever a case, in other words, where the distinction between pathology and health in diagnosis, and therapy and enhancement in treatment, is ambiguous, it is ADHD and Ritalin.

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See Right, the “Controllers” Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio Treaty) Convention on Human Rights and Dignity with Regard to Biomedicine cooperativeness Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology cosmetic pharmacology Costa Rica cost-benefit analysis cotton gin Council of Europe courts, U.S., regulation by creationism Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease crime and genetics life course theory of as socially constructed category as utilitarian choice crimes against humanity criminals, rights of, limited by society cross-cultural anthropology Cuba, socialist revolutions in cultural anthropology cultural learning cultural relativism Cultural Revolution (China) cultural universals culture of animals human cystic fibrosis Daly, Martin Damasio, Antonio Danish Twin Register Darwin, Charles Darwinism dead bodies, proposed uses for death, as preventable Declaration of Independence Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Decree by the Council of Europe on Human Cloning defense spending democracies (capitalist, liberal) laws of rights as basis of worldwide success of democracies (generally) failure to abolish social hierarchies history of legitimacy of decisions of tyranny of the majority in demographics of age distribution and international relations Denmark Dennett, Daniel deontological theories of right deregulation movement Descartes, René “designer babies” fads possible in developed world, feminization of developing countries, age demographics of de Waal, Frans diabetes Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Diamond, Jared diet American low-calorie Diller, Lawrence Dingell, John diseases, disorders, pathologies of ageing genetically linked single-gene as social construct distribution curves, bell shaped DNA damage to human DNA chip (Affymetrix) doctors, relying on advice from Dolly the sheep dominance hierarchies dopamine systems Douglas, William O.

pages: 340 words: 91,745

Duped: Double Lives, False Identities, and the Con Man I Almost Married
by Abby Ellin
Published 15 Jan 2019

Both psychopaths and sociopaths hide their true selves behind a mask, as American psychiatrist Hervey Cleckley wrote in his 1941 book, The Mask of Sanity. (The film Three Faces of Eve, about a woman with multiple personality disorder, was based on another one of his books.)14 Interestingly, “psychopath” has never been listed in any edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the psychiatric bible. Since some psychopathic traits are similar to antisocial personality disorder, which is in the fifth and current edition of the DSM, psychopathy is usually thought of as part of that disorder. About 1 percent of the general population—and 4 percent of CEOs15—are thought to be psychopaths.

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See Business Intelligence Advisors bias, 144, 148 the Bible, 39, 86 bin Laden, Osama, 1, 4–5, 118 Blair, Jayson, 150 Blink (Gladwell), 31 Blood Will Out (Kirn), 150 Bond, Charles F., 195 Bond, James, 37–39 Bouteuil, Astrid, 66 Bowers, Kathryn, 82 brain amygdala, 84, 125–126, 213 cognition areas and modularity, 105–108 cognitive dissonance and, 147–148 lies and, 84, 193 love and, 145–146 PTSD and, 123–126, 130, 184 trauma and, 213 Truthful Brain, 202 Brain Injury, 67 broapp.net, 41 Bronson, Po, 81 Brown, Jerry, 133 Brown, Sandra, 213, 214–215 Bruckheimer, Jerry, 19 Buddhism, 107 Bulger, Whitey, 40 Bundy, Ted, 203 Burstyn, Ellen, 64–65 Business Intelligence Advisors (BIA), 189–190 career, fraudulent credentials with, 41 CareerExcuse.com, 41 Carnal Abuse by Deceit: Why Lying to Get Laid Is a Crime (Short, J.), 131–132 Carver, Raymond, 35 Celebrity Sex Pass, 65 CEOs, psychopathy and, 74 chaos, truth and, 98–99 character disturbance, 78 supertraits, 213–215 trust and, 146, 160 Charlie Brown (fictional character), 148–149, 216 Chernow, Ron, 210 children, 101, 148 brains of, 84 double lives influencing, 129 as identity fraud victims, 172 lies and, 80–81 trust and, 146–147 Church, Angelica Schuyler, 210 CIA, 5, 24, 29, 37, 101 as paid liars, 22 spies, 109, 151 Cleckley, Hervey, 74 the Cliché, 137–143 Clinton, Bill, 97 Clinton, Hillary, 21, 87, 105 clusters of actions, 192 coercive control, 187–188 cognition areas, of brain, 105–108 cognitive dissonance, 147–148 coincidence of opposites (coniunctio oppositorum), 86 Collins, Diane, 178–184, 217 collusion, complicity and, 155–158 the Commander, 139, 155, 210–213 double life of, 1–10, 15–30, 92–93, 97–98, 115–121 exposed, 120–121, 218–219 investigative research into, 24–25 reasons for lies, 87–88 supertraits, 214 commission, lies of, 160 communication, nonverbal, 191–192 compartmentalization denial and, 149–150 double lives and, 96–97, 142 lies and, 99–100 relationships and, 110–113 self-integration, 103–104 undercover work and, 102 complicity, collusion and, 155–158 compulsive liars, 24, 27, 74–75 The Confidence Game (Konnikova), 143 coniunctio oppositorum (coincidence of opposites), 86 conscientiousness, 214, 215 ConsentAwareness.net, 130 control coercive, 187–188 question, 199 Converus, 202–203 corporations CEOs and psychopathy, 74 hypocrisy and, 106 with lies, 196 women and, 176–177 cowardice, fear and, 62 crime, 131–132, 135 coercive control as, 188 men and, 176 women and, 176–177 Crundwell, Rita, 171–172, 177 Cyr, Joseph, 72 Daniels, Stormy, 198 Dante Alighieri, 42, 105 “Dark Tetrad,” 73 Darville, Helen, 67–68 Darwin, Anne, 99–100 Darwin, John, 99–100 David, Larry, 139, 142 Dear Evan Hansen (play), 40 deaths, fake, 99–100 debt, in marriage, 31 Demara, Ferdinand Waldo, Jr., 71–73, 98 Demidenko, Helena, 67 Democratic National Convention (2008), 42 denial compartmentalization and, 149–150 of truth, 13, 128 DePaulo, Bella M., 59, 172–173, 195 depression, 124, 157 Derailed (Stapel), 34–35 Desai, Sonia, 123 detection, of lies language and, 193–195 methods for, 197, 202–203 polygraph, 198–202, 206 with unconscious mind, 204–205 Devine, Jack, 151 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 74, 124 Diana (Princess), 6 DiCaprio, Leonardo, 35 Dickens, Charles, 86 Dirks, Kurt T., 149 disorders attention deficit, 60 DSM, 74, 124 personality, 73, 74, 79, 123–124 PTSD, 123–126, 130, 184 disorientation, gaslighting and, 25, 119 Dolezal, Rachel, 68 domestic violence, 129, 130 Domingo, Plácido, 16 doppelgänger (double walker), 86 Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 86 double lives, 67–69 of Alvarez, 75–78, 80, 89 of the Commander, 1–10, 15–30, 92–93, 97–98, 115–121 compartmentalization and, 96–97, 142 of Demara, 71–73 escapism and, 63–64 families and, 108, 122–123, 126–130, 175–176 in marriage, 65–66, 126–130, 137–143, 163–171, 184–185, 209–210 double walker (doppelgänger), 86 The Double (Dostoevsky), 86 The Double Life of Charles A. Lindbergh (Schroeck), 65–66 Dr. Phil, 39 Drinking: A Love Story (Knapp, C.), 108 DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Dunning, David, 146 dupers double lives of, 122–123 women as, 163–172 duping, 151 animals with, 82–83 with complicity and collusion, 155–158 delight, 75 victims of, 120–123, 149–150, 154–158 Economics Letters (journal), 173 Edmondson, David, 196 ego-depletion, 149–150 Egypt, ancient, 86 Ekman, Paul, 75, 154, 172, 203, 216 Emmy Awards, 42 empathy, 73, 79, 96, 173 Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988), 201 escapism, double lives and, 63–64 eugenics, 66 Ewan (roommate), 38–39 extroversion, 214, 215 eye contact, 192 Eye Detect, 203 Facebook, 84–86, 134, 167 facts, lies and, 92–93 Fakewarriors.org, 29 False Confessions: The Amazing Story of an Ex-Cop’s Crusade Against the Orwellian Polygraph Industry (Williams, D.), 202 false self, 69 families, 28 double lives and, 108, 122–123, 126–130, 175–176 lies and, 177–178 multiple, 65–66, 150 secrecy in, 35–36, 44–45 FBI, 40, 72, 151, 152 fugitives, 91–95, 102 undercover agents, 100–101 fear, cowardice and, 62 Feldman, Robert, 60 Fels, Anna, 123 Festinger, Leon, 147–148 The Final Nail (publication), 54 Fisher, Helen, 145–146 Fitness, Julie, 42 Five Factor model, 213–215 Folly of Fools (Trivers), 106–107 Fragments (Wilkomirski), 68 Franz, Volker, 205 fraud, 28, 29–30, 156 affinity, 151–152 with career credentials, 41 children as victims of identity, 172 gender, 134, 150 sexual assault by, 131–135 social media and, 41 Freeman, Rhonda, 125–126 Freshman, Audrey, 124 fugitives, FBI, 91–95, 102 “Fugitives Have More Fun: Confessions of a Wanted Eco-Terrorist” (speech), 55 Furnham, Adrian, 109 Gacy, John Wayne, 149–150 Galinsky, Adam, 205 galvanic skin response (GSR), 157, 201 gamesmanship, with psychopathy, 75 Gaslight (film), 33 gaslighting, 23, 25, 119, 129 gender, 176 fraud, 134, 150 honesty and, 172–175, 177–178 See also men; women Gere, Richard, 4 Get the Truth (Houston), 189 Gladwell, Malcolm, 31 Glass, Stephen, 150 Goldberg, Carrie, 135 Goodall, Jane, 83 Grafman, Jordan, 67, 151, 173–174, 216 Greeks, ancient, 86 Greene, Graham, 49, 152 Greenspan, Stephen, 151 Greenwood, Elizabeth, 99, 100 GSR.

pages: 159 words: 49,513

Overcoming Compulsive Hoarding
by Jerome Bubrick
Published 31 Dec 2010

The eating disorders, Prader-Willi syndrome, psychosis, and Alzheimer’s disease are less frequently associated with hoarding. Pay attention to the symptoms of these disorders and see if you recognize yourself. Of course, you should have a professional evaluate you before you conclude that you have a particular disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV TR) is the main diagnostic manual for mental health providers. It provides detailed clinical information on just about every mental disorder known. Within the DSM-IV TR, compulsive hoarding is listed only once as a symptom or diagnostic criteria for a disorder.

…

If you wake up one morning and realize that one of your functional spaces is gone, tackle the situation immediately using the three-and-a-half-box technique. Use your cognitive therapy flash cards. Do not let lapses discourage you. Fight ahead. You fought hard to get here. You should be proud of yourself. You are now in control. References American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. Beck, J. S. 1995. Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Cabanac, M., and A. H. Swiergiel. 1989. Rats eating and hoarding as a function of body weight and cost of foraging.

pages: 412 words: 115,266

The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values
by Sam Harris
Published 5 Oct 2010

As late as 1908 the Merck medical catalog sold “genuine Egyptian mummy” to treat epilepsy, abscesses, fractures and the like.61 How can we explain this behavior apart from the content of people’s beliefs? We need not try. Especially when, given the clarity with which they articulate their core beliefs, there is no mystery whatsoever as to why certain people behave as they do. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the most widely used reference work for clinicians in the field of mental health. It defines “delusion” as a “false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.”

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The recidivism rate of psychopaths is three times higher than that of other offenders (and the violent recidivism rate is three to five times higher) (Blair, Mitchell, & Blair, 2005, p. 16). 76. Nunez, Casey, Egner, Hare, & Hirsch, 2005. For reasons that may have something to do with the sensationalism just mentioned, psychopathy does not exist as a diagnostic category, or even as an index entry, in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The two DSM-IV diagnoses that seek to address the behavioral correlates of psychopathy—antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and conduct disorder—do not capture its interpersonal and emotional components at all. Antisocial behavior is common to several disorders, and people with ASPD may not score high on the PCL-R (de Oliveira-Souza et al., 2008; Narayan et al., 2007).

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See also murder deception, 133–36, 229n62, 229–30n66 decision making, 228–29n61 decisional conflict, 231n75 deduction, 131–32 Delgado, M. R., 226n35 delusions, 157 Dennett, Daniel, 48, 68, 105, 174, 217n111 depression, 22, 30, 182 determinism, 105, 217–18n111 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 157 Diamond, Jared, 100–101, 110–11 disbelief, 120–22, 225–26n35, 229n62, 233n48. See also belief; uncertainty disgust, 153, 181, 212n64, 224–25n34, 233n48 diversity, bewildered by, 85–91 Dobu islanders, 60–62 dogmatism, 22–23, 53, 124–25.

pages: 377 words: 115,122

Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking
by Susan Cain
Published 24 Jan 2012

“Social anxiety disorder” … one in five of us: M. B. Stein, J. R. Walker, and D. R. Forde, “Setting Diagnostic Thresholds for Social Phobia: Considerations from a Community Survey of Social Anxiety,” American Journal of Psychiatry 151 (1994): 408–42. 51. The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV), 2000. See 300.23, “Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)”: “The diagnosis is appropriate only if the avoidance, fear, or anxious anticipation of encountering the social or performance situation interferes significantly with the person’s daily routine, occupational functioning, or social life, or if the person is markedly distressed about having the phobia.… In feared social or performance situations, individuals with Social Phobia experience concerns about embarrassment and are afraid that others will judge them to be anxious, weak, ‘crazy,’ or stupid.

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The number of Americans who considered themselves shy increased from 40 percent in the 1970s to 50 percent in the 1990s, probably because we measured ourselves against ever higher standards of fearless self-presentation. “Social anxiety disorder”—which essentially means pathological shyness—is now thought to afflict nearly one in five of us. The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the psychiatrist’s bible of mental disorders, considers the fear of public speaking to be a pathology—not an annoyance, not a disadvantage, but a disease—if it interferes with the sufferer’s job performance. “It’s not enough,” one senior manager at Eastman Kodak told the author Daniel Goleman, “to be able to sit at your computer excited about a fantastic regression analysis if you’re squeamish about presenting those results to an executive group.”

pages: 266 words: 67,272

Fun Inc.
by Tom Chatfield
Published 13 Dec 2011

Yet almost anyone who has played games at all seriously will acknowledge that their compelling nature – and the problematic relationship some users have with this – raises a number of questions that cannot easily be dismissed. There have already been several attempts to define ‘video games addiction’ as a psychological condition, including an effort to have it admitted to the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the definitive global guide to mental health. This effort was abandoned due to a lack of evidence, but considerable research continues in the field, with the comparison to other behavioural addictions and compulsive behaviours – from gambling to shopping – shedding some light on the more extreme end of the spectrum.

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Index 3D modelling 115, 116 9/11 attacks (2001) 80 2001: a Space Odyssey (film) 113 Acel Group 216 achievement 4 Acorn Computers ix addiction 71–8, 223 ‘adventure’ games x advertising 30, 32, 33, 114, 210, 217, 219 Alderman, Naomi 80 alienation 78 Amazon 90, 219 America 69, 222 America’s Army 190–91, 194 Amstrad 95 Anatomy of Care 196–7 Apple 213 App Store 213, 214 Arcade (film) 87 arcade games 19, 21 Aristotle 125 Assyrians 1 Atari 18, 19, 21, 22 400 home computer 10 ST ix Australia 69 Austria 229 Avatar (film) 44 avatars 43–4, 90, 141, 143, 168–9, 225 Aykroyd, Dan 137 Baer, Ralph 19 Bakker, Keith 77–8 Balicer, Ran D 174–5 Ballard, J G 45 Bartle, Richard 45–9, 51, 101 ‘Bartle quotient’ 48 ‘Bartle Test of Gamer Psychology’ 48 BBC Micro Model B ix Beatles, the 135, 136 Beatles: Rock Band, The 135 Bebo 89, 212 Berry, Dani Bunten 10 Bhagavad Gita 44 Bhagavata Purana 44 Bioshock 119 BitTorrent 216 Blair, Charles 176 Blitz Games Studios 114–15 TruSim division 198 Blu-ray 27, 137, 218 board games 9, 13, 62, 91 Boom Blox 138 brain-training games 202, 205, 206 Brouwer, Adam 95–102 BSkyB 218 bullying cyber-bullies 63 school 77 Bushnell, Nolan 18 Byron, Dr Tanya: Safer Children in a Digital World report 84 calculators 28 Cameron, James 44–5 Campbell, Joseph 46 Canada 69 Cartoon Network 49 Castronova, Edward 166–74, 177, 226 ‘Virtual Worlds: A First-Hand Account of Market and Society on the Cyberian Frontier’ 167 casual gaming 33–7, 210–12 CDs 218 censorship 70, 224 Chen, Jenova 120–25 Cheshire, Bob 115 chess 5 child abusers 63 children and censorship of violent media 70 as video game players 58, 62, 63–5, 75, 79 China 221, 222, 229 Chronotron 129 cinema 20, 57, 111–12, 227, 228 Kubrick’s inventions 113–14 civilisation 229, 230 Clarke, Arthur C 13, 14–15 clay modelling 115 Climax 119 Cloud 121 ‘cloud computing’ 219–20 Codemaster 119 collaboration x, 3, 4, 177 collecting 164 communication(s) 4, 55, 78, 97, 108, 109, 189, 209 competition 3, 4, 11, 139, 163, 199, 206, 207, 228 increased foreign 222 computers ability to run games/programs 23–4 browser-based fun 219 computing activity conventions 155–6 constantly evolving 31 double clicking 156 drop-down menus 155 freedom to browse the internet 24 gaming profits 24 interaction with 155–60 programming 15 slow, steady rise of 23 software 156 static as work environments 154–5 comScore 216, 217 concept art 115, 116, 123 Consolarium 201, 203 conversation 85, 103 cooperation 11, 60, 108, 139, 163, 179 copyright protection 28 ‘corrupted blood plague’ 174, 176 Council of Stellar Management (in EVE Online) 106–7 Crouse, Jeff 143 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 42 customisation 164, 165 cyber-bullies 63 Czechoslovakia 229 Dabney, Ted 18 Dante’s Inferno 87 Darfur is Dying 182–7 data mining 138 databases 155 depression 78 Diablo II 80 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 71, 73, 74 Dibbell, Julian: Play Money 148–9 digital age 28, 209, 226, 227 digital distribution 32 digital literacy 155 ‘digital natives’ 210 digital revolution 38 Discworld 118 Disney, Walt: 12 basic principles of animation 115 Doom 188–9 dopamine 72 downloads 222 Dr Kawashima’s Brain Training 202, 206 Dragon Kill Points (DKP) 177–9 ‘drone’ aircraft (Reapers) 193–4 dry neural sensor technology 158 Duhamel, Georges: Scenes from the Life of the Future 55–7 DVD drive 157 DVDs 27, 218 e-book readers 219 East Lothian council 204 eBay 60 economics 166, 170, 174 education 199–208, 223 see also learning; training educational aids 153 Electronic Arts 31, 49 email clients 155 email surveys 35 embodiment 44, 46, 141–2 emergency medicine games 197–9 emergent behaviours 10, 11, 130 ‘end game’ 94 energy costs 161–3 engagement 181, 186 Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association 64 Entertainment Software Association of America 61 Entertainment Software Rating Board 62–3 environmental storytelling 119 Epidemiology journal 174 ergodic texts 200 Europe 222, 223 European Parliament 109 European Union (EU) 69 EVE Online 106–7, 129–31 EverQuest 103, 104–5, 167–8, 177, 178 exchanges, gaming 164–5 Facebook 33–4, 37, 89, 155, 162, 212, 216 fair play 229 fantasy scenarios 140 Far Cry 2, 68 feedback 35–7, 42, 72, 117, 164 real-time sensory 211 Fefferman, Nina H 175 Ferguson, Dr Christopher John: ‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: A Meta-analytic Review of Positive and Negative Effects of Violent Video Games’ 66 financial crisis (2008-date) 151, 166 flow 42–3, 51, 122, 163–4, 171 flOw 121, 122 Flower 121, 123–4, 126, 129 football 2, 5, 6 ‘Four Keys to releasing emotions during play’ 49–51 altered states 50–51 easy fun 50 hard fun 50 the people factor 51 full-body projections 14 fun browser-based 219 Castronova on 170 defined 8–9 easy 50 and engagement 181, 186 hard 50 modern games as 23 Seggerman on 181 serious 10 gambling 73, 74, 75, 77 Game Developers Conferences 121, 220 gamerDNA 48 games history of xii, 1 rule-making 2, 3 the universal urge to play 1 Games for Change 181, 187 ‘games for change’ 186, 193 games charts 114 games consoles 210 advancement in sudden leaps 31 ‘console wars’ 21 console-based television service 218–19 copyright protection 28 graphical and processing capacities 21 interface 157 and Japanese firms 21 Lovell on 215–16 the most valuable sector for gaming 33 Nintendo DS 202, 205–8 Nintendo Wii 23, 37, 91, 138, 156, 158, 160, 215, 217–18 Sony PlayStation 22 Sony PlayStation III 215, 218 Super Nintendo 200 ‘walled gardens’ 24 Xbox 360 14, 215 Games for Health conference (Baltimore, 2008) 175 games-based learning 199–208 gaming industry digital distribution 32 growth of 27–8, 30, 38, 113, 210–11 invention of new methods and technology 114 mid-priced movement 32, 33 profitability 31–2 publishers vs. developers 30–31 regional variation 221–3 risk 31, 32 social and casual gaming 33–7 gaming mechanisms 164–5 Gator Six 195–6 Gentile, Dr Douglas A: ‘Pathological Video Game Use among Youth 8 to 18: A National Study’ 73–5, 76, 79 Germany 67, 229 Ghostbusters 137 Ghostbusters films 137 Glow broadband network for schools 205 Goh, Oliver 161 gold farming 145, 146, 147, 149 Google 27, 162, 164, 211 governments 225 GPS-enabled gamers 211 Grand Theft Auto series 82–3 Grand Theft Auto IV (GTA IV) 29, 30, 81–2 ‘grandma gaming’ 210 grandparents 62 graphics card 157 Great Purge 229 Greenfield, Susan 76 iD: The Quest for identity in the 21st Century 72–3 griefing 176 group play 51 guilds 95–8, 100, 101, 104, 105, 175 Guinness World Records 191 Guitar Hero 91, 136, 156, 157, 203, 204 Hallybone, Dawn 206, 208 haptic devices 159 ‘hard-core’ gaming 129 Harris polls 74 Harry Potter & The Deathly Hallows (Rowling) 29 Harvard Business Review 98–9 headsets 97, 158 hedonics 174 high-school shootings 67–9 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, The xii home game machine, world’s first 19 hostage recovery scenarios 189 How Big is Your Brain?

The Psychopath Inside: A Neuroscientist's Personal Journey Into the Dark Side of the Brain
by James Fallon
Published 30 Oct 2013

When I asked my friend Fabio Macciardi, a UCI colleague and a noted psychiatrist, he said, “There is no psychiatric diagnosis of psychopath.” After some pressing he explained, “The closest thing we have in the manual is a personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder. But that is not always the animal you’re looking for, either.” The manual Fabio was referring to is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, most commonly referred to as the DSM. For psychiatrists and psychologists, this is the Bible—the book that outlines, defines, and classifies all disorders of the mind as agreed upon by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a standard of diagnosis that professionals are expected to follow.

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abuse, childhood, 90, 96–98, 104, 106, 107–8, 116, 147, 153–54, 214, 225 acetyl, 96 addiction, addictive behavior, 77, 83, 105, 122, 175, 181, 204, 208 adenine (A), 73 ADHD, 17, 46, 80 adolescence: of author, 26–33, 116, 132, 164, 207, 210 brain development in, 51, 55, 99, 116–19, 119 adolescent conduct disorder, 97 adrenal cortex, 100 affective factor, 12–13, 18 Africa, 115–16, 142–44, 152, 154–59, 167 aggression, 75, 86, 108, 123, 127, 134, 140, 175, 190, 206, 226 author’s family history of, 65–72, 86, 90, 92, 105, 108–13, 221 gene for, see warrior gene in men vs. women, 80–82 agnosia, 51 agnostics, 164, 176 alcoholism, 82, 96 alcohol use, by author, 34–37, 140, 180, 200, 204 alpha wave coherence, 171, 172 Alzheimer’s disease, 2, 3, 46, 62, 72, 82, 86, 87, 163, 170 Amen, Daniel, 46, 57 amygdala, 45, 58, 60, 61, 83–84, 101, 106, 123–25, 144, 165, 182 androgen, 86 anger, 80, 83–84, 137, 140, 184, 200–210 anhedonia, 178 anterior cingulate, 58, 59, 60, 61, 84, 118, 146 anterior cortex, 50, 52–54, 148 Anthony (colleague), 43–44 antisocial behavior, 52, 81, 97, 113, 190, 194, 225 antisocial factor, 13, 16, 18 antisocial personality disorder, 9–10, 13, 17, 113, 181 anxiety, 60, 83, 96, 102, 123, 183, 184, 215–16 Arnsten, Amy, 113–14, 182 asthma, 22, 35, 131, 175, 211 attention, 49, 123 aurora borealis, 185–90 autism, 55, 121, 148 bad boys, 6, 223 Bale, Christian, 14 Baron-Cohen, Simon, 84, 145 basal ganglia, 56, 123 baseball, 109–10, 140 base pairs, 72–73, 76, 88 Beaver, Kevin, 81 bed-wetting, 102 behavioral factor, 13, 18 behavioral redemption plan, author’s, 202–12 benign familial tremor, 33, 34 Berbers and Bedouins, 115–16 bipolar disorder, 73, 78, 100, 101, 106, 148, 169–86 of author, 171, 173, 176–79, 181–82, 187 principal types of, 179 blind studies, 46–47 Bloom, Floyd, 47 body symmetry, 28–29 Bohrer, Dave, 65–68 Bondevik, Kjell Magne, 170 bonding, 113, 127 Borden, Lizzie, 68, 107 borderline personality disorder, 148, 181 brain: of author, 116–19, 122–26, 140–41, 169–86 and empathy, 141–53 fetal development of, 79–80 brain damage, 41, 50–51, 55, 59, 214 in childhood, 98 stem cells and, 45–46 brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), 183 brain function, 11, 44, 78–80, 122–26 author’s commitment to, 41 of Libertarians, 163–64 overview of, 47–57 psychopathic, 45, 57–62, 58, 78–80, 82–85, 90, 107, 114–15, 125 brain hemispheres, 49–54, 50, 124, 148 brain scans, 43–44, 126–29 author’s predictions using, 162–63 of psychopaths, 1–2, 19, 44–45, 57–60, 59, 106 brain scans, author’s, 2–3, 9, 19, 62–64, 63, 86, 90, 105, 107, 116–19, 122–26, 122, 137, 146, 146, 149–50, 176, 182 assessment of others on, 113–15, 171, 182 author’s dismissal and denial in, 19–20, 64, 65, 88, 89, 106, 110, 113, 169, 172 brain stem, 56 brain structure, 47–57 maturation of, 55, 99–101, 116–17, 119, 120 terminology of, 47 warrior gene and, 81 Brunner, Han, 80 Buckholtz, Joshua, 83 California, University of, Irvine (UCI), 4, 9, 19, 41, 43, 87, 154, 189 Carlin, George, 66 Caspi, Avshalom, 80–81, 97, 103, 108 catatonia, 178 catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), 53, 100 Catholic Boy of the Year, 4, 30, 40, 210 Catholicism: author’s abandonment of, 40, 126, 134–35, 176, 207, 210 author’s background of, 23, 32, 37, 133 author’s early obsession with, 4, 28–32, 43, 116–18, 175, 207 character, personality vs., 187–88 charisma, charm, 14, 15, 16, 36, 114, 159, 225 charity, 165–67 Charly, 18, 39–40, 93–94 childhood, 102–6, 225–26 abuse in, 90, 96–98, 104, 106, 107–8, 116, 147, 153–54, 214, 225 of author, 21–26, 42, 102–3, 130–31, 173, 185–86, 207, 225 brain development in, 55 “fourth trimester” in, 98 neurological impairment in, 165–66 predicting based on, 128 psychopathy in, 21, 101–2 theory of mind in, 148 chromosomes, 72–73, 76, 81–82, 88, 116 Clare, Gilbert de, 70 Clinton, Bill, 161–62 cocaine, 82 cognition, 49, 50, 99, 123 emotional vs. unemotional, 54–55, 56 cold cognition, 54–55, 57, 119, 119, 146, 163, 215 college, author’s years at, 33–41, 100–101, 133–36, 185 comorbidity, 17, 181–82, 185 conscientious objectors, 71–72 Cornell, Alvin, 68 Cornell, Ezra, 67 Cornell, Hannah, 68 Cornell, Rebecca, 67–68 Cornell, Thomas, 67–68, 89 Cornell family, see Fallon family, history of; specific individuals corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), 83, 103, 145 cortisol, 96, 100, 215–16 Craig, John, 162 Crane, Elaine Forman, 67 creative output, 180–81, 182–83 criminality, 13, 16, 97 criminal justice system, 6, 16, 19, 45, 129, 162, 220 Criminal Minds, 109, 111–12 “Crisis in the Hot Zone” (Preston), 157 cutosine (C), 73 cystic fibrosis, 74 Dark Knight, The, 223 Dau, 165–66 deceitfulness, 12, 19, 225 decision making, dualistic circuits in, 123–25 deep brain stimulation (DBS), 175 Dees, Rick, 66 default mode network, 125 delusions, 178, 179, 184 depression, 73–76, 78, 82, 87, 105, 169–70, 177–78, 183 of author, 30, 172, 173–76 brain circuitry of, 48, 48, 163, 174–75 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 9–10 diploid cells, 72–73 Discovery Channel, 115–16, 126 diseases, disorders vs., 10–11 DNA, 72–73, 76, 82, 88, 110, 116 in epigenetics, 90, 92, 94–96 junk, 77, 95 “Do It” and “Don’t Do It” channels, 56–57 dopamine, 53, 56–57, 73, 74–75, 78, 83, 86, 99, 100, 123, 145, 174, 182, 183 dorsal stream, 53–55, 60, 99, 101, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122–25, 124, 163 drugs, 43, 74, 78, 206 illicit, 34–36, 82, 83, 96, 184 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, 97 dysthymia, 178 Ebola virus, 154–55 Edward I, king of England, 69–70 EEG, 57, 171, 172 ego, 124 Einstein, Albert, 49, 66 Einstein, Elsa, 66 emotional disconnect, 102, 134, 137–38, 140–41, 147, 149–50, 190, 196–97, 199, 202–3, 215, 221–23 see also empathy, lack of emotions: brain function in, 49, 54–55, 57, 59, 61, 75, 99, 123 feigning of, 60, 203, 207–8 empathy, 1–2, 32, 148, 199, 204 brain function in, 55, 60, 127, 141–53, 146 feigned, 203, 207–8 lack of, 12, 14, 16–17, 38, 55, 113, 117, 126, 134, 140, 147, 149, 151–53, 158–68, 187, 195–96, 206, 209, 215, 225, 226 studies on, 84–85 endorphins, 56, 145 environment: brain in monitoring of, 125–26 genetics vs., see nature vs. nurture in psychopathy, 90–106, 214 epigenetic alteration, 92–96 epigenetic tags, 92–93 epigenome, 93–96 epilepsy, 184 ethics, 19, 117, 123–24, 148, 209–11 lack of, 85, 98, 113 etiology, 11 evil, 39, 198 Ewald, Ellen Sue, 170 executive functions, 52, 54 exposure therapy, 128 extrasensory perception (ESP), 38–39, 184 fairness, fair play, 27, 117, 158, 163, 164, 210 Fallon, Arnold, 25–26, 68, 166 Fallon, Carol, 27, 195–96 Fallon, Diane, 15, 62, 64, 65, 86, 130–40, 156, 159–60, 166, 167–69, 180, 189, 197, 198, 208, 210, 211–12 author’s courtship of, 29, 33–34, 130–35 Fallon, Harry Cornell, 71 Fallon, Jack, 22, 27 Fallon, James (author’s son), 115, 136, 137 Fallon, James “Jim” (author): absence of malice in, 19, 25, 26, 31, 64, 201, 224, 225 adolescence of, 26–33, 116, 132, 164, 207, 210 alcohol use of, 34–37, 140, 161, 180, 200, 204, 210 assessment of, 15, 22, 30, 32, 39, 106, 113–15, 149–50, 171–73, 178, 188–91, 194–200, 209 attempts to mitigate psychopathic tendencies by, 201–12 avoidance of full psychopathy by, 90–91, 113–14, 190, 199 behavioral redemption plan of, 201–12 birth of, 21–22 childhood years of, 21–26, 102–3, 130–31, 173, 185–86, 207, 225 college years of, 33–41, 133–36, 185 courtship of, 29, 33–34, 130–35 early behavioral changes of, 28–41, 116–17, 134–35, 137, 209 as emotionally disconnected, 102, 134, 137–38, 140–41, 149–61, 164–68, 187, 190, 194–96, 199, 202–3, 209, 225 as father, 136–37, 152 growing aggressiveness of, 134, 140, 175, 190 as joker and prankster, 23, 25, 27, 31–32, 37, 69, 122, 153, 208–9 marital relationship of, 19, 134, 135, 137, 159–60, 168, 180, 208, 211–12 media appearances of, 4, 111–12, 127–29, 165–66, 197 medical and health issues of, 22, 33, 35, 131, 175, 205, 211–12 as party animal, 35–36, 135–36, 138, 151, 179, 195, 204 psychological profile of, 191–94 public exposure of, 107–29, 197–99 religious obsession of, 4, 28–32, 43 scientific interest and background of, 4, 6, 18–19, 24, 37, 39, 41, 42–43, 46, 62 sense of fairness of, 27, 117, 158, 164, 210 sociability of, 26, 30, 31, 117, 122, 159, 181 weight swings of, 135–36, 139–40, 204, 205 Fallon, Jennie, 21–23, 29–30, 40, 62, 65–68, 70–71, 209, 225, 226 Fallon, John Henry, 21–23, 25–26, 30, 40, 62, 71, 225 pharmacy of, 24–25, 32, 166 Fallon, Mark, 27 Fallon, Peter, 27, 130–31 Fallon, Shannon, 136 letter of, 195–96 Fallon, Tara, 136 Fallon, Tom, 130–31, 142–43, 155–58 Fallon family: in Alzheimer’s study, 62 author loved and nurtured by, 22–23, 33, 225–27 history of, 5, 65–72, 86, 90, 92, 105, 108–13, 221 Fatemi, Hossein, 170–71, 174, 177 fetal development, 79–80, 96, 104, 166 5–HT2A receptor, 113–14 5–hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), 113 Forgotten Woman, The (A. and S.

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What About Me?: The Struggle for Identity in a Market-Based Society
by Paul Verhaeghe
Published 26 Mar 2014

Psychopharmaceuticals were overprescribed, and treatment invariably amounted to compelling patients to conform to the norm. A great deal of attention was paid to this state of affairs in books, films, and the general media. We are now a good 30 years down the road, and the situation is as follows. In the world’s most widely used handbook, the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM), there has been a spectacular rise in the number of disorders in each new edition: 180 in the second edition, 292 in the third, and 365 in the fourth, while the latest, DSM-5, gives a diagnosis for many normal human emotions and behaviours. The number of people labelled with mental disorders has risen equally spectacularly during the period in question.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Achterhuis, H. De utopie van de vrije markt. Rotterdam: Lemniscaat, 2010. Akerlof, G. & Shiller, R. Animal Spirits: how human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth, revised edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Appignanesi, L. Mad, Bad, and Sad: a history of women and the mind doctors from 1800 to the present. London: Virago, 2008. Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics (translated by H. Rackham).

pages: 279 words: 71,542

Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World
by Cal Newport
Published 5 Feb 2019

An important 2010 survey paper, for example, appearing in the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, concluded that “growing evidence suggests that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains.” The article points to pathological gambling and internet addiction as two particularly well-established examples of these disorders. When the American Psychiatric Association published its fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013, it included, for the first time, behavioral addiction as a diagnosable problem. This brings us back to Adam Alter. After reviewing the relevant psychology literature and interviewing relevant people in the technology world, two things became clear to him.

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addiction, 9–11, 15–16 addiction, behavioral, 16 digital declutter and, 70 to digital tools, xi, xii, xvi, 9–25, 143, 167 and drive for social approval, 17, 20–23 and intermittent positive reinforcement, 17–21 Adeney, Pete, 171–73, 176, 194–96 advertising, 215–17, 222 Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, 112 Allsides.com, 78 alone, being, 103 see also loneliness; solitude Alter, Adam, 13–18, 23, 101–2 Amazon, 67 AMC, 112–13 American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 15–16 American Journal of Epidemiology, 139 American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 139 American Philosophical Society, 204 American Psychiatric Association, 16 Amish, 49–57 Anderson, Robert, 87 anxiety, 105–9, 158, 243 Apple, 216–17, 227, 228 iPod, 4, 5, 100–101, 217 iPhone released by, 4–6, 216–17, 251 approval clicks, 9, 18, 21, 136, 138, 140–42, 147, 148, 151–56, 180 apps, 27, 28, 42, 47, 79, 148, 222–25, 245 Apture, 11 Aristotle, 131, 135, 165–66, 168, 193–94 Armed Forces Retirement Home (Soldiers’ Home), 85–92, 126 Arts and Crafts movement, 178 AT&T, 4–5 Atlantic, 12, 105–6, 108, 118 attention, xi attention economy, 9, 12, 19, 48, 57–58, 59, 76, 199–200, 215–18, 220–21, 223, 226, 228–30, 238, 246, 254 Attention Merchants, The (Wu), 215–16 attention resistance movement, xvii, 213–48 deleting social media from your phone, 222–25 dumbing down your smartphone, 242–48 embracing Slow Media, 236–42 turning devices into single-purpose computers, 225–30 using social media like a professional, 230–36 autonomy, 8, 24, 57–58, 214, 221, 222 Bennett, Arnold, 174–76 Berry, Wendell, 98, 118, 119 board games, 182–84, 189 brain, 105, 108, 158 default network in, 132–34 evolution of, 135–36, 142, 153, 178, 251 hands-on activities and, 178 imaging of, 131–35 mentalizing in, 135 social cognition in, 130, 133–34, 142, 143 text messaging and, 157 Brain, The, 127–29 Brooks, Max, 48 Browning, Orville, 87, 90–91 Burke, Moira, 137–38, 214, 218–21 cafés, coffee shops, 162–63 board game, 182–84, 189 CBC, 7n Chan, Kathy, 152 Chappell, Brian, 191 chariot metaphor, 25 Christakis, Nicholas, 139–41 cigarettes, 9–11 Civil War, 86–91 Clark, Jim, 198–99 Clough, Daniel, 243–44 clutter, cost of, 35–43 Colbert, Stephen, 145, 150 Common Sense Media, 104 communication, 130, 142 conversation-centric philosophy of, 147–51, 154 see also conversation; digital communication tools computer programming, 177, 180–81, 197 computers, 227–28 blocking websites and applications on, 225–26 general-purpose, 227–29 single-purpose, 225–30 connection, connectivity: constant, 104–9 conversation vs., 144, 146, 147, 150, 154 logistical role of, 148 see also digital communication tools; social connection conversation, 72, 96, 142, 144, 251 analog cues in, 142, 143, 145, 147 connection as supporter of, 148 connection vs., 144, 146, 147, 150, 154 conversation-centric communication philosophy, 147–51, 154 distance and, 149 empathy and, 144, 145 mentalizing in, 135 “office hours” for, 160–64 reclaiming, 144–64 relationships and, 147, 158–59 text messaging vs., 157 two-tier approach to, 151 Cooper, Anderson, 9–10 craft, 171–72, 177–82, 194–98 Crawford, Matthew, 179–81, 195–96 CrossFit, 187–89 Day, Benjamin, 215 Dead Poets Society, 37 Dean, Howard, 123 Deep Work (Newport), x, 124, 180–81, 206n, 224 Denizet-Lewis, Benoit, 107–8 depression, 106 Desan, Philippe, 191 Descartes, René, 96 Deters, Fenne, 138 Dewane, David, 191 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 16 digital communication tools, 103–4, 130, 136, 142–44 approval clicks in, 9, 18, 21, 136, 138, 140–42, 151–56, 180 combining analog conversation with, 151 constant connectivity, 104–9 conversation-centric communication philosophy and, 148–49, 154 and conversation vs. connection, 144, 146, 150, 154 human sociality and, 150–51 psychological well-being and, xi–xii, 104–9, 136–41 smarter use of, 146 see also digital devices and internet; email; messaging tools; social media digital declutter, xvi–xvii, 59–81, 253 bans on technologies in, 66–68 convenient vs. critical technologies in, 65 defining technology rules for, 63, 64–68 detox in, 62, 70–71, 74, 75 and losing taste for technologies, 79–80 low-value digital distractions in, 168–69 mistakes in implementing, 62 operating procedures in, 66–68, 76–77, 80–81 optional technologies in, 63–65, 68, 69, 75 participants in experiment with, 61–67, 69–75, 78–81 process for, 60 and rediscovering important activities, 71–74 reintroducing technologies in, 60, 70, 71, 75–81 thirty-day break in, 60, 69–74 digital devices and internet, 6–9 addictive properties of, xi, xii, xvi, 9–25, 143, 167 attention economy and, 9, 12, 19, 48, 57–58, 59, 76, 199–200, 215–18, 220–21, 223, 226, 228–30, 238, 246, 254 autonomy and, 8, 24, 57–58, 214, 221, 222 blocking websites and applications, 225–26 and drive for social approval, 17, 20–23 exhaustion from using, x–xi, xii intermittent positive reinforcement and, 17–21 leisure renaissance and, 192–93 modest hacks and tips for reducing use of, xiii–xiv, 27–28, 31, 59 and negativity of online discussions, xii, 143 neutrality of, 10 and philosophy of technology use, xiv, 28 temporary break from, 166–69 time spent using, 104 see also computers; digital communication tools; smartphones; social media digital minimalism, xv–xvi, xviii, 25, 27–58, 59, 220–22, 252–54 cost-benefit analyses in, 29 and cost of clutter, 35–43 defined, 28 implementing, see digital declutter intentionality in, 36, 49–57, 193 optimization in, 36, 43–49, 60 principles of, 35–37 quality of life and, 253 real-world examples of, 30–35 values and, 28–36 see also attention resistance movement diminishing returns, law of, 43–46 dopamine, 17–18, 19 Doro PhoneEasy, 242–43 Drunk Tank Pink (Alter), 14 Dunbar Number, 232–33 eBay, 216 economics: law of diminishing returns in, 43–46 standard theory of, 39, 41 Thoreau’s theory of, 36–43 Eisenhower, Dwight, 126 electricity and electronic communication, 249–52 email, 145, 147, 233–34 digital declutter and, 64, 67 Emancipation Proclamation, 90–91, 126 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 120 empathy, 144, 145 Enlightenment, 95 Erwin, Michael, 92–95, 125, 126 evolution, 135–36, 142, 153, 178, 251 exercise groups, 184–89, 206 existential despair, 166 ExxonMobil, 216 F3 (Fitness, Fellowship and Faith), 185–87, 189 Facebook, xi, 7, 20, 29, 31, 33–34, 77, 199–200, 213–20, 232–33, 251 algorithms of, 152 attention engineering deployed by, 19 blog series of, 137–38, 213–14 digital declutter and, 65 Dunbar Number and, 232–33 early adopters of, 3–6 as foundational technology, 218–20 Ginsberg and Burke article and, 214, 218–21 “Like” button on, 18, 21, 151–56 Messenger, 65, 156 mission of, 48–49, 103 mobile version of, 222, 223, 225 notification symbol for, 19 psychological well-being and, 137–38, 139–40 Russian, 213 tagging in, 22–23 time spent on, 6, 33–34, 199, 217, 219, 224, 233 FaceTime, 65, 149 feedback, 18, 20–22 Ferriss, Tim, 237 FI (financial independence) community, 169–74 Fogg, BJ, 11 Fort Sumter, 87 Franklin, Benjamin, 96, 203–5 Freedom, 225–27, 229 French, John, 89 FriendFeed, 151–52 Frugalwoods, 172, 192 games: board, 182–84, 189 video, 63–64, 68, 171, 177, 181, 183, 184 Garrow, David, 95 Gettysburg Address, 90 Gibbon, Edward, 96 Ginsberg, David, 214, 218–21 Glassman, Greg, 188–89 Gmail, 11 Google, 11, 12, 216, 217, 245 Harris and, 10–12 Gould, Glenn, 111 gratitude walking, 120 Grignon, Andy, 5 Gros, Frédéric, 39, 42–43, 117, 118 groups, joining, 203–6 Grygiel, Jennifer, 230–35 Hamilton Club, 174 Handmade (Rogowski), 178–79 hands-on activities, 178–79 happiness, 137–38, 140, 141, 165, 168, 194 Harris, Michael, 97–98, 167–68 Harris, Tristan, 10–13, 16, 19, 20, 22–23 Holesh, Kevin, 102 Hollier, Joe, 245, 248 Holzer, Harold, 88 Hostetler, John, 50, 53 How to Live on 24 Hours a Day (Bennett), 174–76 How to Win at College (Newport), 123 IBM, 227 iGen, 106–8 information theory, 153 Instagram, 7, 11, 75, 76, 232 art and, 34 Stories, 232 tagging in, 22–23 Instapaper, 45 intentionality: and blocking sites and apps, 229–30 in leisure time, 169–71 in technology use, 36, 49–57, 193 intermittent positive reinforcement, 17–21 internet, see digital devices and internet iPhone: release of, 4–6, 101, 216–17, 251 see also smartphones iPod, 4, 5, 100–101, 217 Irresistible (Alter), 17, 102 “I Used to Be a Human Being” (Sullivan), ix, xii, xviii, 254 Jackson, Charles, 249 Jobs, Steve, 4–6, 163 joining groups, 203–6 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 131 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 137 journals and notebooks, 81, 122–26 Junto, 203–4 Kant, Immanuel, 97 Kelly, Kevin, 50–51, 53 Kennedy, Anthony, 92n Kethledge, Raymond, 92–95, 111, 125, 126 Kickstarter, 183, 191, 245 Kierkegaard, Søren, 97 King, Hope, 114–15 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 94–95 Kraut, Robert, 137–38 Kraybill, Donald, 51–52 Krieger, Mike, 11 Land Shark, 127–29 Lanier, Jaron, xii laptops, 244 law of diminishing returns, 43–46 Lead Yourself First (Kethledge and Erwin), 93–95, 126 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 97 leisure, xvii, 71, 165–212 Bennett Principle in, 174–76 board games, 182–84, 189 craft in, 171–72, 177–82, 194–98 doing nothing, 212 exercise groups, 184–89, 206 in FI (financial independence) community, 169–74 good life and, 165–69, 193–94 high-quality, 166, 168, 169, 192, 193, 200, 203, 206–7 joining groups, 203–6 low-quality digital distractions, 168–69, 198–203, 206, 212 passive activities in, 171 reclaiming, 165–212 renaissance in, 190–94 scheduling of, 198–203 social, 182–90 strenuous activity in, 171–74, 176–77 leisure plans, 206–12 seasonal, 207–10 weekly, 210–12 letters to yourself, 122–26 liberal humanism, 57 Library Company of Philadelphia, 204 Lieberman, Matthew, 131–35 life well lived, 29, 30, 199 leisure and, 165–69, 193–94 Light Phone, 245 “likes,” 9, 18, 21, 136, 138, 140–42, 147, 148, 151–56, 180 Lincoln, Abraham, 86–93, 111, 126 Emancipation Proclamation of, 90–91, 126 Gettysburg Address of, 90 Lincoln, Mary, 88 Lincoln, Robert, 89 Lincoln, Tad, 88–89 Lincoln’s Hat, 126 Locke, John, 96 loneliness, 98, 150 perceived social isolation (PSI) metric, 139 social media and, 137–40 low-value activities, 30 Luddism, xiv, 50, 193 Maher, Bill, 9–11, 13, 24–25 Marcus Aurelius, xv Masons, 204 Mast, Erin Carlson, 90 Master Roshambollah, 128–29 maximalist philosophy, 29, 57–58 Maynard, W.

Dopamine Nation: Finding Balance in the Age of Indulgence
by Anna Lembke
Published 24 Aug 2021

The balance tips to the side of pleasure (a dopamine mini spike) in anticipation of future reward, immediately followed by a tip to the side of pain (a dopamine mini deficit) in the aftermath of the cue. The dopamine deficit is craving and drives drug-seeking behavior. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the biological cause of pathological gambling, leading to the reclassification of gambling disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) as addictive disorders. Studies indicate that dopamine release as a result of gambling links to the unpredictability of the reward delivery, as much as to the final (often monetary) reward itself. The motivation to gamble is based largely on the inability to predict the reward occurrence, rather than on financial gain.

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See lying and deception deification of the demonized, 114–15 delaying gratification and delay discounting phenomenon, 102–5, 109 effect of broken promises on, 194 impaired by dopamine overload, 102, 196 and physical strategies for self-binding, 116 and plenty vs. scarcity mindsets, 195–96 and Stanford marshmallow experiment, 115–16, 193–94 demonized substances, deification of, 114–15 denial, 177 Denmark, 39, 44 depersonalization, 192 depression and alcohol use, 78–79 client’s experience with, 40 growing incidence of, 45 and pleasure-pain balance, 65 taking medications for, 132 derealization, 192 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), 61 diet as risk factor, 29 dieting, 112–13 digital drugs, 23 disclosure porn, 184–86 discomfort, intolerance of, 40 distractions active pursuit of, 40–41, 231 and dopamine fasts, 83–84 and pain avoidance, 44 and personal devices, 40–41 disulfiram as means of self-binding, 97–98 dogs, pain-response study of, 145–47 dopamine dopamine receptors, 48, 56, 56 function of, 48–49 identification of, 48 used to measure addictive potential, 2, 49 See also reward pathways in the brain dopamine deficit state, 55, 59, 78, 167 dopamine fasting, 71–88 contraindications for, 79–80 and co-occuring psychiatric disorders, 80–81 homeostasis as goal of, 77, 88 steps of (see DOPAMINE framework) and withdrawal, 84 DOPAMINE framework, 72–88 D for Data, 72–73 O for Objectives, 73–74 P for Problems, 74–75 A for Abstinence, 76–81 M for Mindfulness, 81–84 I for Insight, 84–85 N for Next Steps, 85–86 E for Experiment, 87–88 double life, 12 Douthat, Ross, 35 drugs and drug use cues associated with, 58 and decreased sensitivity to rewards, 56 disease burden attributed to, 29 and epigenetic changes, 20 exercise’s impact on, 150–51 moderation as goal, 87–88, 107–9 overdoses of, 30 and pleasure-pain balance, 54 and polypharmacy, 22, 23 potency of, 21–22 and religious engagement, 214 “drunkalogues,” 185 Dunnington, Kent, 2 Duragesic fentanyl, 18 Dutto, Vince, 26–27 DXM, 22 dysphoria, 57 dysphoria driven relapse, 57 East Asians, 97 Eastern Europe, 29 ecstasy, 115 education levels, 29–30 El Capitan, Honnold’s ascent of, 159–60, 166–67 electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT), 155–56 electronic devices, personal, 40–41 emotions psychotropic drugs’ impacts on, 131 tolerating painful, 83–84 using food/drugs to cope with, 210, 211–13 empathy, 217 endocannabinoids, 150 endogenous opioid peptides (endorphins), 150 endurance athletes, 167 England, 129 entertainment, demand for, 40 epigenetic changes, 20 epinephrine, 150 Epstein, Mark, 192 equality, 30 exercise, 150–52, 161–65 experience-dependent plasticity, 62–63 experiences, value of recounting, 177 experimentation in DOPAMINE framework, 87–88 exposure therapy, 156–59 extreme sports, 165–67 “false self,” 191–92 fasting, 149–50 fear, increased tolerance to, 159–60 female modesty, 112 fentanyl, 21, 22 fibromyalgia, 154–55 Finucane, Tom, 67 food addiction to, 88, 99–100 processed, 22 used to cope with difficult emotions, 210, 211–13 and weight-loss surgeries, 99–100 France, 44 Freedman, Daniel, 75 free-rider problem, 220–22, 228 Freud, Sigmund, 36 future, confidence in, 195–96 gambling categorical strategies for addiction to, 111 and loss chasing, 62 and naltrexone as means of self-binding, 96 online, 23 pathological, 61–62 gastric binding, 99 gastric bypass, 99 gene expression and epigenetic changes, 20 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 32, 44–45 Germany, 39 glial cells, generation of, 150 gluten-free products, 113 goals moderation in drug use as, 87–88, 109 and Next Steps in dopamine framework, 85–86 “God Within” theology, 35 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 53 Going on Being (Epstein), 192 grandparents with addictions, 20 Greeks, ancient, 141 hallucinogens, 114–15 happiness, 34–35 Hatcher, Alexandrea, 134 health care, affordable, 30 heart rate following pain exposure, 146, 147, 148 Hebb, Donald, 179 hedonic set point, 54, 145 hedonism, 37, 57 Hering, Ewald, 53 heroic therapies, 153 heroin clients’ experiences with, 22, 125 and delay discounting phenomenon, 103 and development of OxyContin, 114 impact of access on use of, 101 and naltrexone as means of self-binding, 96–97 origins of, 21 hibernation, 143–44 hippocampus, 67 Hippocrates, 153 Hoff, Wim, 142 homeostasis in brain abstinence necessary for, 77 and electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT), 156 as goal of dopamine fasting, 88 inability to achieve, 128 and pain’s ability to trigger pleasure, 144–47 and pleasure-pain balance, 51–53 reestablishing, in absence of drugs, 58 using medications to restore, 127–35, 234 honesty, 171–205 accountability promoted by, 186–92 awareness cultivated by, 176–82, 234 contagiousness of, 192–97 as daily struggle, 205 intimate connections promoted by, 182–86, 227, 234 neurobiological mechanisms of honesty, 177–79 as painful, 171 as preventative measure, 197–204 role of, in recovery, 172–75 and shame cycle, 217 teaching children, 204, 224–27 Honnold, Alex, 159–60, 166–67 hormesis, science of, 148–52 hotel rooms, 17–18 Hung, Lin, 184 Huxley, Aldous, 40 hydrocodone, 21 hydromorphone, 21 hypnotics, 129 hypodermic syringes, 21 Iannaccone, Laurence, 219–21 Iannelli, Eric J., 107 Iceland, 39 immediate gratification, 104.

Nerdy, Shy, and Socially Inappropriate
by Cynthia Kim
Published 20 Sep 2014

Kanner’s definition of autism forms the basis of the ASD diagnostic criteria still in use: deficits in social interaction and language as well as the presence of stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Similarly, Asperger’s criteria were used to diagnose the condition that bears his name between 1994 when it became a formal diagnosis and 2013 when it was subsumed under the broader category of autism sprectrum disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Asperger concluded that although they had average or above-average intelligence, the boys in his study had poor nonverbal communication skills, failed to show empathy with their peers, spoke in an overly formal way, were clumsy and were drawn toward all-absorbing interests that dominated their conversations.

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and communication see body language and non-verbal communication; social/communication skills and deficits and competencies 216–17 coping strategies see coping strategies/mechanisms diagnosis see diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome/ASD and emotion see emotions and empathy see empathy and executive function deficit see executive function (EF) and face blindness 43 gender differences 20, 3–21, 24 growing older on the spectrum 133–7 and insomnia 128–33 Kanner’s definition of autism 21 labeling see labeling motor development delay 118 and perfectionism 191–3 and perimenopause symptoms 134–5 and sensory sensitivities see sensory sensitivities strengths associated with 210–15 and thinking see thinking traits making autistic individuals vulnerable to bullying 29 and triggers 66–7 Baumeister, Roy 179 bliss 145 blogging 19–18, 230, 231 blunted affect 37–9 body, autistic 117–37 the autistic brain 69, 74, 141, 146, 9–168, 171 see also executive function (EF) and clumsiness 117–18 and growing older on the spectrum 133–7 and insomnia 128–33 and sensation see sensory seeking; sensory sensitivities; stimming and sports/exercise 57, 106, 119–28 body language and non-verbal communication 6–35, 46–37, 51 blunted affect 37–9 eye contact 39, 42–40, 44–5 facial expression see facial expression intentional employment of 39–41 non-verbal cues 39, 6–45, 51, 64, 65, 223 brains 69, 74, 107, 141, 146, 171 brain–body communication 168–9 executive function see executive function (EF) and inhibition 165 bullying 9–25, 223 calmness 214 catastrophizing 193–7 change, resistance to 86, 2–91, 166 checklists 178 chunking 177 clumsiness 117–18 cognitive empathy 81, 96, 154–7 cognitive flexibility 162, 166 communication see body language and non-verbal communication; language; social/communication skills and deficits compassion 231–2 competencies 216–17 compromise 66 confrontation skills deficit 41–140, 148 contentment 144–5 control 182–5 meltdowns and loss of see meltdowns coping strategies/mechanisms 29, 32, 9–86, 135, 189, 214, 218 and control 183–5 with executive function deficit 172–3 pattern recognition see pattern recognition rescue strategies for new parents 76–7 routines as 86, 94–89, 166 rules as 36, 86, 87–9 for sensory sensitivities 109–16 special interests 96–101 strengths as coping mechanisms 210–12 curiosity 211 decision making 158–61 dependability 214–15 depression 127 detachment 80, 198, 214 see also withdrawal/shutdown determination 141, 215 developmental disability 31–4 diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome/ASD and acceptance 228–32 and being understood 61–60, 71 and DSM-5 21 gender differences with diagnosis rates 2–21, 23 growing up undiagnosed 18–13, 34–20, 6–53, 59, 86, 147, 182, 192–3 and labeling see labeling late diagnosis 14, 21 resistance to change as a criterion for 91–2 and self-redefinition 208–27 self-understanding growing from 6–35, 61–60, 72, 182, 10–208, 225, 229–32 sharing your diagnosis with your child 82 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) 21 disability, developmental 4–31, 209–10 discipline 214–15 domestic violence 223 driving 77 ego depletion 179–80 elation 144, 145 emotions 138–57 alexithymia 141–4 anger constellation 146–9 catastrophizing as an emotional magnet 196 discriminating the target of others’ expressions of 140–41 emotional detachment 80, 198, 214 and empathy see empathy expressing love and feelings 68, 69, 72, 74, 138 feeling overwhelmed by others’ emotions 141, 156 getting in touch with feelings 144–52 happiness constellation 144–6 identifying 9–138, 140, 141–3 meltdowns see meltdowns modulating the strength of 40–139, 141 sadness constellation 149–52 and sensations 142, 6–145, 149, 170 see also anxiety; panic; shame empathy 152–7 cognitive (perspective taking) 81, 96, 7–154, 210, 231 meaning of a lack of 157 Sally–Anne test 155 vs. sympathy 153–4 executive function (EF) 158–81 acting on a problem 168–73 and the anger constellation 146–7 attention 162, 164–5 conservation of EF, and ego depletion 179–81 decision making 158–61 inhibition 165, 178 initiating actions 165 monitoring actions 165–6 planning 93, 161, 163 problem solving see problem solving procrastination and EF fail 173–8 and stimming 180–81 and time agnosia 178–9 verbal reasoning 164 exercise see sports and exercise face blindness (prosopagnosia) 43 facial expression 36 blunted affect 37–9 eye contact 39, 42–40, 44–5 faking 39 frowning 16, 38 reading 42–4 family responsibilities household see household management parenting see parenting fear 18, 26, 27, 105, 110, 204, 231 of abandonment 151 and catastrophizing 196 irrationality of 221, 223 of not being good enough 147 see also anxiety feeling see emotions; sensory sensitivities fight or flight response 45 food sensitivities 13–112, 115 Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 192 frowning 16, 38 frustration 146 functioning labels 215–18 see also labeling games 23–4 gender differences with ASD in diagnosis 20, 21–3 in play 24 generalizing 63, 210, 212 giftedness 30–33 grief 150–51 guilt 75 handholding 64 happiness 144–6 headbanging 75, 103, 106, 202, 203, 205 honesty 210–11 household management 61–2 and parenting 73–4 humiliation 147 hypersensitivity see sensory sensitivities hyposensitivity 170–73 indignation 147–8 infodumping 95–6 inhibition 165, 178 insomnia 128–33 intelligence 21, 2–31, 33, 51–50, 71 interests relationships and common interests 56–7 special 77, 96–101 interoceptive feedback 170 irritability 147 joy 145 joys of parenting a toddler 77–9 Kanner, Leo 21 Kim, Jess 2–71, 75, 8–77, 79–85 Kim, Sang Hwan 56, 57, 58, 62–59, 64, 6–65, 67, 70–68, 71, 75, 3–82, 85, 92, 6–135, 41–140, 148, 183, 188, 189, 200, 224 labeling 32–30, 208–27 finding the right labels 209–15 functioning labels in practice 215–18 and self-redefinition 208–27 and the wish for normality 225–6 language body language see body language and non-verbal communication glitches 135–6 literal interpretation 27, 67–8 social use of (pragmatics) 45–52 verbal cues 49, 67 verbal processing 47–51 light sensitivities 110–11 Linden, Fabian 227 literal interpretation 27, 67–8 love compassion 231–2 expressing love 68, 69, 72, 74 and parenting 72, 74 and sex see sex life loyalty 211 marriage 70–59, 75, 188–9 see also parenting; sex life martial arts 57, 106, 121–7 melatonin 132–3 meltdowns 54, 60, 67, 75, 110, 116, 124, 171, 200–207 anatomy of a meltdown 201–5 helping someone through a meltdown 207 nightmares as forms of meltdown 148 triggers 205–6 see also headbanging memory problems 136–7 working memory 164 see also reminders menopause/perimenopause 133, 134–5 metaphors 27 mindfulness 176 mindful physical activity 127 missing word problem 135–6 monologuing 95 motor coordination 18–117, 134 motor development delay 118 music 76 neurotypical people/behaviour acting on a problem 168 Aspie parenting of see parenting emotional interaction 140 expressing love 68, 69, 70 filtering sensory data 170–71 marriage to an Aspie partner 70–59, 75, 188 the neurotypical brain 69 and special interests 99 subtle communication ways 67 nightmares 148 NO reflex 92–4 non-verbal communication see body language and non-verbal communication nonjudgmentalism 210 optimism 211–12 panic 159, 185, 204 and the NO reflex 93, 94 see also meltdowns parenting 54, 71–85 and the child’s venture into the world 79–82 expressing love 72, 74 infancy and motherhood 74–7 joys of parenting a toddler 77–9 rescue strategies for new parents 76–7 and retreat 75, 83 routines 78 sharing your ASD diagnosis with your child 82 support 75, 82–3 teenagers and the approach to adulthood 82–5 unconventional 72–4 pattern recognition 27, 33, 34, 36, 86, 87, 88, 214 peace 145 peer pressure 81 perfectionism 26, 189–93 perimenopause 133, 134–5 perseveration 95–6 perspective taking 81, 96, 7–154, 210, 231 Sally–Anne test 155 see also empathy pets 76 phones, communication problems with 48–9 physical activity see sports and exercise planning 93, 161, 163 aids 178 strategies 176–7 play 4–23, 31 and parenting 78–9 pragmatics 46–52 prioritizing 172, 177 problem solving 4–163, 210, 211 acting on a problem 168–73 and executive function impairment 175–8 procrastinating in 173–5 procrastination 173–5 prosopagnosia (face blindness) 43 rage 148 relationships 53–70 alexithymia and 142–3 apologizing 62 balancing adaptation and acceptance 69–70 and common interests 56–7 and compromise 66 and empathy see empathy expressing love 68, 69, 72, 74 see also sex life intimate 4–63, 114–15 see also sex life making friends 7–56, 79–80 marriage 70–59, 75, 188–9 see also sex life and the need for withdrawal 65–6 not being understood 59–60 parent–child see parenting shrinking–growing cycle 56–9 spontaneous affection 64 unintentional hurtfulness 60–59, 62–3 reminders 74, 167, 177, 180 software/apps 176–7 resentment 148 resistance to change 86, 2–91, 166 and the NO reflex 92–4 rigidity 86–96 rigid thinking 7–146, 166 see also perseveration; resistance to change; routines; rules rocking chairs 76 Rogers, K., Dziobek, I. et al. 156–7 routines appropriateness of 91 as coping strategies 86, 94–89, 166 and the NO reflex 92–4 and parenting 74, 78 and problem solving 176 and resistance to change 86, 2–91, 166 and spontaneity 91, 92 rules as coping strategies 36, 86, 87–9 learning social rules 27, 33–4 and spontaneity 89 sadness 149–52 Sally–Anne test 155 self-care 187–8 self-control 182–5 sensory filtering 170–71 sensory regulation/stimming 4–102, 9–108, 81–180, 230 sensory seeking 9–104, 124, 126 sensory sensitivities 63, 109–16 and the anger constellation 146–7 emotions and sensations 142, 6–145, 149, 170 hyposensitivity 170–73 impact on intimacy 63, 114–15 interoceptive feedback 170 to light 110–11 and parenting 73, 74 sensory overload 63, 74, 110, 116, 127 to smell 112–13 to sound 111–12 to taste 112–13 to touch 63, 64, 113–15 sex life and “bliss” 145 and sensory sensitivities 63, 114–15 sexual abuse 223 shame 75, 147, 182, 183, 185–9 shutdown see withdrawal/shutdown shyness 14, 23, 27 sincerity 211 singing 76 sleep problems 128–33 nightmares 148 smell sensitivities 112–13 social/communication skills and deficits 35–52 and aphasia 135–6 apologizing 62 blunted affect 37–9 body language see body language and non-verbal communication; facial expression of a child with an Aspie parent 84–5 compensating for a partner’s deficits 65, 75, 85 confrontation skills deficit 41–140, 148 coping strategies in social interaction see coping strategies/mechanisms eye contact 39, 42–40, 44–5 generalizing 63, 210, 212 learning social rules 27, 33–4 need for explicit communication 67–8 neurotypical subtlety in communication 67 non-verbal communication see body language and non-verbal communication; facial expression not being understood 59–60 and parenting 73 perseverance with communication 67–8 pragmatic impairments 46–52 and relationships see relationships scaring others 36–41 and social anxiety 220–25 social use of language 45–52 telephone communication problems 48–9 unintentional hurtfulness 60–59, 62–3 verbal cues 49, 67 verbal reasoning 164 see also language social power balance 45 social scripts 86, 88, 167, 180 sound sensitivities 111–12 special interests 77, 96–101 spontaneity and rules/routines 89, 91, 92 spontaneous affection 64 sports and exercise 57, 106, 28–119, 134 mindful physical activity 127 and sensory seeking 124, 126 and sleep 130 stimming 4–102, 9–108, 81–180, 230 stress response fight or flight 45 triggers 66–7 sympathy 153–4 tactile sensitivities/defensiveness 63, 64, 113–15 taste sensitivities 112–13 telephone communication problems 48–9 thinking in absolutes 193–7 catastrophizing 193–7 flexible 162, 166 generalizing 63, 210, 212 perspective taking 81, 96, 7–154, 210, 231 rigid 7–146, 166 verbal reasoning 164 time agnosia 178–9 touch 63, 64 tactile sensitivities/defensiveness 63, 64, 113–15 triggers of meltdown 205–6 of smell and taste sensitivities 112 of stress response 66–7 of withdrawal 199 values 211 verbal processing 47–51 verbal reasoning 164 walking 77 water 76 Willey, Liane Holliday 64 withdrawal/shutdown 60, 67, 110, 116, 197–200 common signs of 198 helping someone through 207 need for withdrawal in a relationship 65–6 parenting and retreat 75, 83 and resurfacing 200 wonder 145 working memory 164 Zen 208 Also available Pretending to be Normal Living with Asperger’s Syndrome (Autism Spectrum Disorder) Liane Holliday Willey Foreword by Tony Attwood ISBN 978 1 84905 755 4 eISBN 978 1 84642 498 4 Compelling and witty, Liane Holliday Willey’s account of growing to adulthood as an undiagnosed ‘Aspie’ has been read by thousands of people on and off the autism spectrum since it was first published in 1999.

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Finance and the Good Society
by Robert J. Shiller
Published 1 Jan 2012

See also futures markets; mortgage securities; options developing countries: insurance, 66–67; microfinance, 44; philanthropy in, 126 De Waal, Frans, 227 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- IV), 179 directors. See boards of directors disquiet, and inequality, 141–42 diversified portfolios, 28, 29 Dixit, Avinash K., 76 Djilas, Milovan, 25 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, 23, 43, 51, 114, 154, 184, 217 Domenici, Pete, 192 Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, 176 donor-advised funds, 207 dopamine system, 59–60, 139–40, 245n4 (Chapter 6) Douglas, William O., 209–10 DreamWorks Studios, 189 DSM-IV. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Duflo, Esther, 5 Dutch East India Company, 46 earthquakes, 66, 67 East India Company, 46 economic forecasting, 111–12, 113–14 economic stabilization policies, 111, 112, 113, 117–18 education system, 6, 103–6, 242n8.

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Perhaps it would be better to de ne a list of symptoms of a bubble. Bubbles are a phenomenon that may be compared to a social mental illness, and not all bubbles are identical. We need something like the diagnostic criteria that the American Psychiatric Association has provided in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its fourth edition (DSM-IV). Psychiatrists seeking to diagnose a patient’s mental condition usually cannot rely on concrete factors like the bacterial cultures or x-ray images that other physicians use in diagnosis. DSM-IV provides a numbered list of the possible symptoms for all known mental disorders, and a required number of these symptoms from the list for a diagnosis to be valid, thereby allowing a diagnosis that should be replicable across di erent psychiatrists, and also allowing for useful statistical measures of the illness.

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Come as You Are: The Surprising New Science That Will Transform Your Sex Life
by Emily Nagoski Ph.d.
Published 3 Mar 2015

Her “triphasic” model of the sexual response cycle begins with desire, which she conceptualized as “interest in” or “appetite for” sex, much like hunger or thirst. The second phase is arousal, which combines excitement and plateau into one phase, and the third phase is orgasm. For decades, Kaplan’s new triphasic model of sexual response served as the foundation for diagnostic criteria in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. You could have normal or problematic desire, normal or problematic arousal, and normal or problematic orgasm. A number of these diagnoses now have effective treatments, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, sensorimotor therapies, and pharmaceuticals. Fast-forward to 1998.

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“Women’s Scores on the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES): Gender Similarities and Differences.” Journal of Sex Research 45, no. 1 (2008): 36–48. doi: 10.1080/00224490701808076. Carvalheira, Ana A., Lori A. Brotto, and Isabel Leal. “Women’s Motivations for Sex: Exploring the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision Criteria for Hypoactive Sexual Desire and Female Sexual Arousal Disorders.” Journal of Sexual Medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): 1454–63. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01693.x. Carvalheira, Ana, and Isabel Leal. “Masturbation Among Women: Associated Factors and Sexual Response in a Portuguese Community Sample.”

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See also Responsive desire; Spontaneous desire as arousal in context, 226–29 arousal nonconcordance and, 221–22 the chasing dynamic and, 89, 226, 238, 245, 251–55, 318 cues for, 72–73, 107–8 cultural context and, 243–44 as curiosity, 226, 237–38, 241, 296 hormones and, 16, 226, 238–39, 360n20 as an incentive motivation system, 230–31, 232 key to managing, 237 the little monitor and, 234–38, 240, 257 maximizing, with science, 245–55 missing from four-phase model, 45 monogamy and, 226, 238, 239–42 research results on, 358–59n2 testosterone-dependent, 16, 360n20 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 45 Dickens, Charles, 145–46 Disgust, 156, 170–77, 188, 355n17 Dopamine, 135 Dual control model, 4, 42–69. See also Sexual accelerator; Sexual brake; Sexual excitation system; Sexual inhibition system arousability and, 51–53 changing the systems in, 66–69 context and, 65, 67–68, 78–79, 92 development of, 48 gender differences in, 47, 60–61, 64–66 learned responses and, 61–63 mechanism of action, 48 sexual difficulties and, 66 Eagerness, 84–91, 94, 351n19 arousal nonconcordance and, 205, 211 body self-criticism and, 164 characteristics of, 86 context and, 87–88 desire and, 240–41, 252 love/attachment and, 86, 132, 133, 135, 137 stress and, 118 Eating disorders, 119–20, 183, 354n13 Effort, changing the kind of, 322–23 Ejaculation female, 30–31 male, 30 Emotion I, 199–200 Emotion II, 200 Emotion III, 200 Emotion coaching, 310–12 Emotion dismissing, 310–12, 318–20 Emotional context, 111–52.

What Makes Narcissists Tick
by Kathleen Krajco

It is not mere "narcissism" in the usual sense of the word. To distinguish it from that, the term "malignant narcissism" has been coined for NPD. It's legally classified as a character disorder 62 , and many authorities agree — disputing its classification as a personality disorder. But the (American) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR, a handbook mental health professionals use to diagnose mental disorders) lists it as a personality disorder. The difference between a narcissistic personality and a narcissistically disordered personality may not be evident to the casual observer, but a chasm lies between narcissism and malignant narcissism, because the difference is the difference between good will and ill will.

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Let's hope that someday somebody does. OperationDoubles.com © 2004 – 2007, Kathleen Krajco — all rights reserved worldwide. What is NPD? 3.5 103 Prevalence of NPD How prevalent is NPD in society? The "official" estimate (under 1% of the population) by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is unreliable. In fact, it isn't even scientifically legitimate. Only in psychology would such an unscientific estimate be given a pass. This estimate is arrived at by statistics on the diagnoses of people undergoing clinical treatment. One might as well think to estimate the prevalence of mental illness by hanging out a shingle that says, "Wanted, people who think they're sick in the head."

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-Aabsolute power 220, 262, 265 absorption 155 abuse 72, 78, 149, 152, 225, 230, 316, 320, 324, 443 of children 164, 192 addiction 149 affectivity 63 agent provacateur 269 Ali (Mohammed) 28 alien mentality 144, 168, 171, 443 allowing the narcissist to get away with it 248 always on 214 American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 56 American Psychiatric Association 103, 106, 110 anger 208, 451 anti-Americanism 220 Antisocial Personality Disorder 44, 48, 72 APA 103, 106, 110 APD 44, 48, 72 Ark of the Covenant 268 arrested child development 21 art 296 Ashmun (Joanna) 64, 97, 126, 155, 248, 352 atrocity story 371 attention 16, 18, 21, 23, 35, 92, 132, 135, 149, 292 attention-seeking behavior 97 hijacking 135 -Bbackwards reactions 92 © 2004 – 2007, Kathleen Krajco — all rights reserved worldwide. 499 bad faith 44, 48, 50 bank examiner con 265 batterers 173, 208 Bauer (Yahuda) 389 believing known lies 64 benefactors 220 Berne (Eric) 149 blaming the victim 365, 389 blocking the kick 78, 245 boundaries 94, 402, 403, 407, 409, 410, 411, 412, 414, 416, 418, 420, 422 brainwashing 380, 402, 480 breaking people 380 Bruckner (Pascal) 385 bullying 164, 230, 269, 345, 371, 374, 377, 380, 387 Bundy (Ted) 63, 72, 120, 200, 345 bystanders 334, 368, 389, 393, 398 -Ccalling the police 211 calumny 245 caricatures 371 Carroll (Lewis) 202, 250, 340 carrots and sticks 265, 269, 422 case study 78, 81, 177, 179, 190, 192, 285 cause of NPD 21, 118, 120, 192, 445 character assassination 88, 246, 334 character disorder 62, 459 characteristics of NPD 64 chattel 410 chemical imbalance in brain 118 child abuse 152 child molestation 345 childishness 21 childish thinking patterns 64, 250 children of narcissists 324, 445 choice of victim 220 classification of NPD 58 closed environment 368, 371 co-dependence 365, 428, 443 cognition 63 cognitive dysfunction 214 communication blocking 256 co-morbidity 106, 110 OperationDoubles.com 500 What Makes Narcissists Tick compartmentalization 159 complex (psychological) 56 con artistry 78, 200, 262, 263, 265, 268, 269, 275 conflicted feelings 454 conscience 72 conspiracy threory 371 control freak 94 controlling borders 402, 403, 407, 409, 410, 411, 412, 414, 416, 418, 420, 422 cycle of abuse 402, 429 -DDahmer (Jeffrey) 200, 345 danger of narcissism 40, 41, 44, 48, 50 Dante 326 darkness within 32 definition of NPD 70 dehumanization 92 delusion 256 denial 377, 435 denying attention 140 diagnosing NPD 58, 64, 70 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 56, 103, 106, 110 diffammatio 374 difference between narcissim and psychopathy 72 disorders 62, 63 character 62, 63 mental 63 personalitity 62, 63 dissimulation 81, 88 doting narcissist 160, 167 DSM 103, 106, 110 DSM-IV-TR 56 dual diagnosis 106, 110 empathy 35, 64, 140, 144, 147 entitlement 64 exhibitionism 292 expectations 353 eye contact 347 -Ffalse modesty 293 fantasy 64, 340 fear of exposure 78, 368 feelings 451 female narcissists 110 filtering information 155, 157, 160 Fitzgerald (F.

Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy
by Irvin D. Yalom and Molyn Leszcz
Published 1 Jan 1967

It is based primarily on the determination of syndromes according to aggregates of certain signs and symptoms. Personality is generally classified in a similar fashion, emphasizing discrete categories of interpersonal behavior rather than describing interpersonal behavior as it is actually manifested.2 The 2000 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is an improvement over earlier psychiatric diagnostic systems, and it pays far more attention to personality. It codes personality on a specific axis (Axis II) and recognizes that an individual may demonstrate clustering of personality pathology in more than one area, apart from (or in addition to) Axis I psychiatric disorders.

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Hill, Hill Interactional Matrix (Los Angeles: Youth Studies Center, University of Southern California, 1965). 7 As DSM-IV-TR states, “A common misconception is that a classification of mental disorders classifies people, when actually what are being classified are disorders that people have” (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., rev. American Psychiatric Association, 2000, xxxi). 8 A. Camus, The Fall (New York: Knopf, 1956). 9 J. Deer and A. Silver, “Predicting Participation and Behavior in Group Therapy from Test Protocols,” Journal of Clinical Psychology 18 (1962): 322–25. C.

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Zlotnick et al., “Clinical Features and Impairment in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), BPD Without PTSD, and Other Personality Disorders with PTSD,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 191 (2003): 706–13. 34 M. Leszcz, “Group Therapy,” in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, vol. 3, ed. J. Gunderson (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1990), 2667–78. 35 J. Sartre, The Age of Reason, trans. Eric Sutton (New York: Knopf, 1952), 144. 36 American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. Text Rev. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 2000). 37 O. Kernberg, “An Ego Psychology Object Relations Theory of the Structure and Treatment of Pathologic Narcissism: An Overview,” Psychiatric Clinics of North America 12 (1989): 723–29.

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The Sociopath Next Door
by Martha Stout
Published 8 Feb 2005

Guiltlessness was in fact the first personality disorder to be recognized by psychiatry, and terms that have been used at times over the past century include manie sans délire, psychopathic inferiority, moral insanity, and moral imbecility. According to the current bible of psychiatric labels, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV of the American Psychiatric Association, the clinical diagnosis of “antisocial personality disorder” should be considered when an individual possesses at least three of the following seven characteristics: (1) failure to conform to social norms; (2) deceitfulness, manipulativeness; (3) impulsivity, failure to plan ahead; (4) irritability, aggressiveness; (5) reckless disregard for the safety of self or others; (6) consistent irresponsibility; (7) lack of remorse after having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another person.

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Birket-Smith, “Historical Conceptions of Psychopathy in the United States and Europe,” in Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior, eds. T. Millon et al. (New York: Guilford Press, 1998). According to the current bible of psychiatric labels: American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For detailed descriptions and critiques of the APA field trials used to evaluate the current diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder, see W. Livesley, ed., The DSM-IV Personality Disorders (New York: Guilford Press, 1995).

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Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
by Robert D. Hare
Published 1 Nov 1993

I’m not harboring hostility. It’s just the way I am. Yeah, I guess I’d be a psychopath.” A term that was supposed to have much the same meaning as “psychopath” or “sociopath” is antisocial personality disorder, described in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; 1980) and its revision (DSM-III-R; 1987), widely used as the “diagnostic bible” for mental illness.2 The diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder consist primarily of a long list of antisocial and criminal behaviors. When the list first appeared it was felt that the average clinician could not reliably assess personality traits such as empathy, egocentricity, guilt, and so forth.

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New York: Walker & Company. 19. Lawrence Klausner (1981). Son of Sam. New York: McGraw-Hill. Chapter 2. Focusing the Picture 1. Robert H. Gollmar (1981). Edward Gein. New York: Windsor Publishing Corp. The author was the judge in Gein’s trial. 2. American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Mental Disorders (rev. 3d ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author. The fourth edition (DSM-IV) was published in 1994. 3. The problem was not resolved with the publication of the fourth edition of the DSM in 1994. The American Psychiatric Association conducted field trials to reevaluate the diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality disorder.

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A Manual for Creating Atheists
by Peter Boghossian
Published 1 Nov 2013

Don’t make religion a forbidden fruit: acknowledge and read religious literature with your children, model the behavior you want them to emulate, genuinely listen, and gently encourage mutual examination of each other’s reasoning processes. 11. Remove religious exemption for delusion from the DSM. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), is the single most important text used by clinicians. It is the diagnostic rulebook.13 Currently, the DSM grants religious delusions an exemption from classification as a mental illness. The following is the DSM-IV’s definition of delusion: “A false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly sustained despite what almost everyone else believes and despite what constitutes incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

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New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. American Philosophical Association. (1990). Critical thinking: A statement of expert consensus for purposes of educational assessment and instruction. “The Delphi Report.” Millbrae, CA: The California Academic Press. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association (2012). APA DSM-5. Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/ABOUT/Pages/faq.aspx Anderson, S. D. (2010). Living dangerously: Seven keys to intentional discipleship.

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Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World's Most Dangerous Man
by Mary L. Trump
Published 13 Jul 2020

In the last three years, I’ve watched as countless pundits, armchair psychologists, and journalists have kept missing the mark, using phrases such as “malignant narcissism” and “narcissistic personality disorder” in an attempt to make sense of Donald’s often bizarre and self-defeating behavior. I have no problem calling Donald a narcissist—he meets all nine criteria as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)—but the label gets us only so far. I received my PhD in clinical psychology from the Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, and while doing research for my dissertation I spent a year working on the admissions ward of Manhattan Psychiatric Center, a state facility, where we diagnosed, evaluated, and treated some of the sickest, most vulnerable patients.

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Access Hollywood, 10 Affordable Care Act, 15 AIDS, 134 Air Force National Guard, 53, 54–55, 65, 84 Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), 51–52, 53, 66 air travel, 61 see also pilots Alcoholics Anonymous, 92 All County Building Supply & Maintenance, 191–93 All Faiths Cemetery, 126, 166 Annamaria (girlfriend of Billy Drake), 71, 85 Apprentice, The, 11, 182, 196 Art of Survival, The (Surviving at the Top) (Trump), 132, 136, 146 Art of the Comeback, The (Trump), 145–49, 151–52, 162–63 Art of the Deal, The (Trump), 94–95, 146 Atlantic, 200 Atlantic City, N.J., 35, 132, 134–37, 142, 151, 184, 192 attachment, 23, 25 AZT, 134 Barnosky, Jack, 174–76, 186–87 Barr, William, 12 Barry, John, 115, 143–44, 151, 168 Barry, Maryanne Trump, 2, 5, 32, 33, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51, 56, 63, 65, 72, 81–83, 95, 108–9, 112, 115, 122, 128, 154, 155, 158, 161, 165, 173, 177, 183–84, 188–89, 193–94 birth of, 31 Catholic conversion of, 9, 81 childhood of, 24, 26, 28, 35, 40 deprivation of, 82–83 Donald and, 60 and Donald’s attempt to control Fred’s estate, 143–44 Donald’s presidential campaign and, 8–9, 10 family finances and, 190–93 father’s will and, 168, 170, 171, 173–76 law career of, 60, 94, 134, 143, 189, 193 marriage to David Desmond, 56, 81–83, 94 medical insurance and, 174 mother’s health problems and, 21–22, 24 New York Times exposé and, 193 retirement of, 193 and sale of father’s estate, 192–93, 196 son of (David Desmond, Jr.), 2, 28, 82, 95–96, 122, 154, 166, 193 at White House dinner, 1, 2, 4, 7 Barstow, David, 187–89, 193 Beach Haven, 25, 28, 35, 54, 90, 171 Beame, Abe, 114 Bedminster, N.J., 115, 181 Bishop, Joey, 111 Bonwit Teller, 133 Booth Memorial Hospital, 121, 131 Brooklyn: Beach Haven in, 25, 28, 35, 54, 90, 171 Democratic Party in, 34, 54, 73 Donald’s view of, 89–90 Steeplechase Park in, 67–68, 72–76, 78–79, 87, 88, 89, 102, 141 Trump Village in, 56, 57, 68, 74, 88, 89 Buettner, Russ, 187, 188 Burnett, Mark, 11, 196 Carey, Hugh, 114 Carrier Clinic, 115 Celebrity Apprentice, The, 166 Central Park Five, 204 Charles, Prince, 164 Chase Manhattan Bank, 60 Chauvin, Derek, 210 child abuse, 26, 42 child development, 23 attachment in, 23, 25 Christmas, 106, 108–11 Clapp, Mike, 56, 77–78 Clinton, Hillary, 3, 9, 10, 15 Cohn, Roy, 100–101, 107, 134, 189 Columbia University, 139–40 Commodore Hotel, 105, 114, 141, 197 Coney Island: Beach Haven, 25, 28, 35, 54, 90, 171 Steeplechase Park, 67–68, 72–76, 78–79, 87, 88, 89, 102, 141 Trump Village, 56, 57, 68, 74, 88, 89 Corn, David, 185, 210 COVID-19 pandemic, 13–14, 201–2, 204, 207–10 Craig, Susanne, 185–88 Cuomo, Andrew, 208 Dale Carnegie courses, 37, 89 D’Amato, Al, 166 Defense Production Act, 209 Democratic Party, 34, 54, 73 Depression, Great, 35 Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, 12 Dershowitz, Alan, 101 Desmond, David, Jr., 2, 28, 82, 95–96, 122, 154, 166, 193 Desmond, David, Sr., 56, 81–83, 94 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 12 Diana, Princess, 164 Dixon, James, 22 Drake, Billy, 40, 52, 64, 71, 85, 124, 158 Dunn, Diane, 118–19, 122 Durben, Irwin, 85, 127, 128, 143, 170–71 East, Ernie, 145 Eastern Air Lines Shuttle, 134 election of 2016, 14–15, 204 empathy, 23, 24, 26, 209–10 Esquire, 14 Ethel Walker School, 116–20 E.

Doppelganger: A Trip Into the Mirror World
by Naomi Klein
Published 11 Sep 2023

To bolster her argument for a more expansive definition, she called attention to then-obscure writings by an Austrian pediatrician named Hans Asperger, who had done research into autism at the same time as Kanner, but in Vienna, including in the period when Austria was under Nazi control. In the 1990s, thanks in large part to Wing’s work, “Asperger’s syndrome” entered the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a particular form of “high-functioning” autism, a distinction that would, later, be called into question. In addition to her clinical work, Wing, whose daughter was autistic, had a side interest in the way autistic people were portrayed in folktales, religion, and literature, long before there were medical terms of any kind to describe them.

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,” Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 8, no. 3 (2002): 151–161. “unquestionably endowed”: Leo Kanner, “Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact,” Nervous Child 2 (1943): 247. “spectrum disorder”: Wing, The Autistic Spectrum. “high-functioning” autism: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994), 954–955. “the myth of changeling children”: Lorna Wing, “The History of Ideas on Autism: Legends, Myths and Reality,” Autism 1, no. 1 (1997): 13–14. “In some versions”: Wing and Potter, “The Epidemiology of Autistic Spectrum Disorders,” 151.

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consumers content moderators copyrights and trademarks Corporate Self university course Counterlife, The (Roth) Covid pandemic; as bioweapon; China and; conspiracy theories about; as culling the herd; Disinformation Dozen and; far right and far-out alliance and; “Five Freedoms” and; Gates and; gyms during; health and wellness cultures and; individualism and; lockdowns in; long Covid; masks in; origin of the virus; as portal for change; profiteering from; race and class disparities and; relief programs during; religious people and; risk factors and; schools and; shock doctrine in; social media and; tech companies and; tests for the virus; Trump and; workers and Covid vaccines; adverse reactions to; Freedom Convoy and; mandates, passports, and apps; nanoparticles in; Nazi Germany analogies and; patents on and profits from; racial oppression analogies and; reproductive health and; restaurants and; shedding claims about; “slavery forever” video and; vaccine-autism myth and Crackdown Croatia Culture and Imperialism (Said) Cuomo, Andrew currency customization DailyClout Daily Command Brief Dark Matters (Browne) Darwin, Charles Darwish, Mahmoud data Davis, Angela Davis, Mike death de Bres, Helena Debt Collective Deception (Roth) DeepBrain AI Inc. deep state Deepwater Horizon de Hooge, Anna Delingpole, James dementia Demjanjuk, John democracy Democratic Party denial Depression, Great Descent of Man, The (Darwin) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diagolon diagonalism; “body people” and; far right and far-out; Querdenken Dickens, Charles Didulo, Romana diphtheria disabilities; changeling myths and; forced sterilization and; Nazi Germany and; see also autism disaster capitalism disaster doppelgangers Discourse on Colonialism (Césaire) Disinformation Dozen doi’kayt (“hereness”) Don’t Look Up doppelgangers and doubling; aging as; Brunelle’s portraits of; in Capgras delusion; in changeling myths; confrontations with; diet and fitness and; digital disaster; evil twins; fascist; Freud’s views on; Israel-Palestine conflict and; in literature and film; machine-made; in multiverse stories; originals replaced by; origin of “doppelganger”; parent-child relationship as; racial; self-branding as; souls as; taking on life of their own; thinking as; twinning Dostoyevsky, Fyodor Double, The (Dostoyevsky) Double, The (film) Double, The (Saramago) Dowd, Maureen drug companies, see pharmaceutical companies Dual Du Bois, W.

pages: 786 words: 195,810

NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity
by Steve Silberman
Published 24 Aug 2015

Writing for his peers in the journal Neurology, he observed that accounts of the reclusive lord’s seemingly inexplicable idiosyncrasies—his “striking literalness and directness of mind, extreme single-mindedness, [and] passion for calculation and quantitative exactitude . . . coupled with a virtual incomprehension of social behaviors and human relationships”—closely resembled descriptions of adults with a type of autism called Asperger’s syndrome, first described in America in the 1994 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Sacks also pointed out, however, that it was precisely these qualities that made Cavendish such a brilliant and prolific researcher. His singularities were inextricable from his genius. When Sacks made this provocative suggestion, it was hard to remember an era when autism wasn’t a frequent topic of conversation, even among people who had no personal connection to the subject.

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Liz told Peter that it was like their son was possessed. The Bells put him through the usual round of hearing tests and other evaluations, and in 1996, Tyler was diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified—one of several shades of the autism spectrum that had been added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the preceding years. When the diagnostician delivered the results of Tyler’s evaluation, she drew a little X on the left side of a bell curve representing the whole spectrum. She could see that the Bells were upset, because they had never even considered the possibility that Tyler had autism.

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One film did more for autism than all of us working together worldwide had been able to do in twenty-five years,” she says. But Rain Man was just the beginning. Ten PANDORA’S BOX It’s a question of diagnosis. —LORNA WING While autism was rapidly assimilating into mainstream awareness in the wake of Rain Man, a strategic series of revisions to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, prompted by Lorna Wing and her colleagues in London, were chipping away at Kanner’s monolithic edifice from the inside. It was only because of these revisions that children like Tyler Bell were able to get their initial diagnoses of PDD-NOS, one of several new flavors of autism spectrum disorder added to the manual in 1994, along with Asperger’s syndrome.

The End of Pain: How Nutrition and Diet Can Fight Chronic Inflammatory Disease
by Jacqueline Lagace
Published 7 Mar 2014

He also reports some abnormalities that bring into question the independence of some specialized doctors with respect to pharmaceutical companies: for example, the fact that 95 of the 170 experts of the American Psychiatric Association who were involved in the last publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (dsm)— the psychiatrist’s bible in North America and Europe— had financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry could be at the very least questionable. Also, pharmaceutical companies’ practice of extending a patent’s lifetime by slightly modifying an old drug in order to sell it at a higher price could be ethically questionable.

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See acne 2 8 0 > t h e e n d o f pa i n dermatitis herpetiformis, 66, 67 diabetes, type 1 breastfeeding, 70 calcium and vitamin D, 126 cereals, 66 cow`s milk, 73 dairy products, 75–76 development of, 71 fructose, 133 HLA molecules, 146 intestinal flora, 57 intestinal hyper-permeability, 57 intestinal immunity, 58 milk consumption, 73–75 milk production, 76 diabetes, type 2 deposit pathology, 175 diagnosis, 183 fructose, 133 genetic predisposition, 184 hypotoxic diet, 32, 184–85 and meat consumption, 83 milk consumption, 72 not insulin dependent, 57 overview, 182–83 Seignalet’s hypothesis, 183–84 vitamin D and calcium, 126 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 207 diapedesis, 139, 271 Dionne, Jean-Yves, 96 double-blind method, 26–27 drugs. See medication eczema, 67, 187, 190 EFSA, 117–18 elementary diet, 61, 162 Eli Lilly, 204 elimination, diseases of, 34, 36, 40, 186–92 elimination pathology, 32, 82–83, 148 End of Pain, 8–9, 22 enterocytes, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 153 enteroviruses, 58 environmental factors acne, 189 ankylosing spondylitis, 168–70 asthma, 191 celiac disease, 52, 56 in chronic disease, 39, 53 diabetes, type 2, 183 fibromyalgia, 181, 182 and genetic predisposition, 61 immune-mediated disease, 98 multiple sclerosis, 171 nonself antigens, 97 rheumatoid arthritis, 160 subject to change, 156, 210 enzymes action of, 41–42 and digestion, 40–41, 82 disfunction of, 42 enemies of, 42 heredity, 41–42 and modern foods, 42, 49, 103 overview of, 40–42 substrate, 41 eosinophils, 48, 138, 270 epidemiological studies, to evaluate diet, 28–29 epithelium, intestinal, 43, 44 Epstein Barr virus, 161 Esselstyn, Caldwell B., 29, 203 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

pages: 281 words: 79,464

Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion
by Paul Bloom

This is how people typically think of their past evil acts. I don’t want to overstate this. Some evil is done by people who really are different from the rest of us. There are sadists who get pleasure from the pain of others—though they are rare, so much so that the big book of psychiatric diagnoses, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, doesn’t even have an entry for them. No doubt there are souls so corrupted that they really do, as Alfred put it, want the world to burn. And surely there are honest-to-God psychopaths, who despite their small numbers are responsible for a relatively great amount of crime and misery.

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See violence and cruelty Dachau concentration camp, 177–78 Dalai Lama, 208–9 Darfur, 91 Dark Knight, The (movie), 180 Darwall, Stephen, 155 Darwin, Charles (Darwinism), 8, 95, 172 Davidson, Richard, 10 Davis, Mark, 78–81, 121 DeBoer, Fredrik, 12 Decety, Jean, 10 dehumanization, 69–70, 178–79, 192, 201–8 deliberative reasoning. See reason Denver Police Academy, 122–23 depersonalization, 108–10 Descartes, René, 217, 220 DeSteno, David, 10, 140–41 De Waal, Frans, 6, 170–71, 175 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, The, 183–84 Dickens, Charles, 48–49, 92, 131, 160, 161 “Difficulty of Imagining Other People, The” (Scarry), 106–9 Dillard, Annie, 33 “disaster theory,” 93–94 disgust, 65, 207, 208, 225 doctor-patient relationship, 143–43, 146–47 dogs, 66–67 drowning child, 28, 29, 43, 45, 215 drug addicts, and empathy, 69–70 drugs, and violent crime, 179 drunk driving, 239 dualism, 217, 220 dual process theory, 71–72 Dukakis, Michael, 34–35, 121 Dworkin, Andrea, 203 Eagleman, David, 218–20 Eating Animals (Foer), 50 economics, 111–12 effective altruism (EA), 102–6, 238–39 Einstein, Albert, 231 Eliot, George, 107 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 117 Emile, or On Education (Rousseau), 73–74 “emotional contagion,” 40, 173 emotional empathy, 17, 38–39, 141 neuroscience of, 70, 72, 73 psychopaths and, 199–200 empathetic correctness, and trigger warnings, 24 Empathic Civilization, The (Rifkin), 20 Empathic Concern scale, 79–81, 121 empathic distress, 136, 138, 140, 151, 172–74 empathizer, effects of empathy on, 132–45 empathy anatomy of, 59–73 argument against.

Psychopathy: An Introduction to Biological Findings and Their Implications
by Andrea L. Glenn and Adrian Raine
Published 7 Mar 2014

Psychopathic individuals with criminal convictions have been referred to as “unsuccessful psychopaths,” compared to “successful psychopaths” who have not had encounters with the law, and some of whom may have achieved substantial personal success. In Chapter 9, we review the research that has examined the biological similarities and differences between unsuccessful and successful psychopaths. Psychopathy is also sometimes incorrectly equated with antisocial personality disorder (APD or ASPD). APD is a listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association 1994) as a personality disorder describing individuals with persistent antisocial behavior, such as serious violations of the law, frequent deception, and aggressive behaviors. Many individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits may meet the criteria for APD, as the criteria are similar to the Lifestyle-Antisocial (Factor 2) features of psychopathy.

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“Gene-environment interactions predict cortisol responses after acute stress: Implications for the etiology of depression.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 34:1294–1303. American Law Institute. 1962. Model Penal Code. Philadelphia: American Law Institute. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, X., and D. Warden. 2008. “Physiologically-Indexed and Self-Perceived Affective Empathy in Conduct-Disordered Children High and Low on Callous-Unemotional Traits.” Child Psychiatry & Human Development 39 (4):503–17.

pages: 297 words: 83,651

The Twittering Machine
by Richard Seymour
Published 20 Aug 2019

Users were given a score, based on questionnaire answers, showing how severe their addiction was. Subsequent research into social media addiction has been similarly concerned with ‘excessive’ use of platforms for escapist purposes or mood management, adverse consequences and loss of control. This has yet to congeal into a stable clinical category. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the bible of psychiatrists in the US, has tended to see addiction through the prism of drug use. It has never recognized internet addiction. Even now, while it recognizes ‘gambling disorder’, it does not speak of gambling addiction. Even if the DSM were to change its approach, there would still be a problem, and it would be the same problem that afflicts most of the DSM’s clinical categories.

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This is demonstrated in the public rows between psychiatrists over whether Trump, the bombastic quintessence of Twitter celebrity, qualifies as a narcissist.58 Many researchers try to get round this by comparing long-term shifts in measurable attitudes to the criteria for narcissism listed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. But these are open-ended to the point of being vacuous. And an uptick in people agreeing with statements like ‘I am a very important person’ or ‘I can live my life any way I want to’ can mean any number of things. If I claim to be able to live my life any way I want to, for example, I may be expressing a wish, defying religious and secular authoritarians, or declaring a preference for constitutional liberalism or free markets.

pages: 280 words: 85,091

The Wisdom of Psychopaths: What Saints, Spies, and Serial Killers Can Teach Us About Success
by Kevin Dutton
Published 15 Oct 2012

When Personality Goes Wrong You need to be very careful when talking about personality disorder. Because everyone’s got one, right? So let’s get it straight from the start: personality disorders are not the preserve of those who piss you off (a common misconception among narcissists). Instead, as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders5 defines them, they are “an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it.” The key word here is enduring. A personality disorder is not just for Christmas (though Christmas does, admittedly, bring out the best in them).

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As an example, in Cattell’s model, the superordinate factor “warmth” was distilled from constituent descriptors such as “friendly,” “empathic,” and “welcoming.” 2 If you want to find out who you are from your personality, you may like to try an abbreviated version of the Big Five personality test, which you can find at www.wisdomofpsychopaths.com. 3 In actual fact, the NEO formed part of a larger, 592-item questionnaire that assessed a wide range of variables including personality, intelligence, and behavior. However, statistical techniques make it possible to extrapolate a psychopathic personality profile from an individual’s overall performance on the NEO. 4 The table appears in www.wisdomofpsychopaths.com. 5 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders. It is used in the United States, and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians and researchers alike—as well as by pharmaceutical and health insurance companies, and by psychiatric drug regulation agencies.

pages: 504 words: 147,722

Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed, and Sick
by Maya Dusenbery
Published 6 Mar 2018

The concept of hysteria has an impressive ability to adjust to changing times. Freudian theory fell firmly out of favor in American medicine in the 1970s. The feminist movement radically expanded the roles available to women. Yet medicine retained the idea that unexplained physical symptoms could be attributed to the mind. When the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published in 1980, hysteria had been removed, but there was a new section: the “somatoform disorders.” For the next two decades these disorders described patients whose physical symptoms were “not explained by a general medical condition” and were judged to be caused by psychological factors.

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Abbreviations AARDA American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association AHA American Heart Association AMA American Medical Association CAD coronary artery disease CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CMD coronary microvascular disease COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CPRA Chronic Pain Research Alliance CRPS complex regional pain syndrome DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services IBS irritable bowel syndrome IC interstitial cystitis ICA Interstitial Cystitis Association IOM Institute of Medicine MCS multiple chemical sensitivity ME/CFS myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome MS multiple sclerosis NBME National Board of Medical Examiners NIH National Institutes of Health NVA National Vulvodynia Association OA osteoarthritis ORWH Office of Research on Women’s Health, National Institutes of Health PBS painful bladder syndrome PID pelvic inflammatory disease POTS postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome PTLDS post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome RA rheumatoid arthritis SGWHC Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative SSD somatic symptom disorder SWHR Society for Women’s Health Research TILT toxicant-induced loss of tolerance TMD temporomandibular disorder TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone WISE Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Notes INTRODUCTION It’s estimated that as many as 50 million . . .

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See pain and chronic pain Chronic Pain Research Alliance (CPRA), 194, 198 Clarke, Edward H., Sex in Education, 67 Clauw, Daniel, 181, 196, 203 Clayton, Janine Austin, 11, 44, 50 Clinical and Therapeutic Treatise on Hysteria (Briquet), 199 cluster headaches, 117 Coalition for Diagnostic Rights, 85 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 270–71, 272, 316 Collins, Francis, 50, 270 colorectal cancer, 47, 92, 305 Columbia University, 54; Partnership for Gender-Specific Medicine at, 42 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 188, 191, 312 Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues, 25, 26 contested illnesses, 251–304 coronary microvascular disease (CMD), 132, 133, 134 Crohn’s disease, 153 Croskerry, Pat, 92 Crossen, Harry Sturgeon, 306 Cure Unknown (Weintraub), 287, 293 Da Costa, Jacob M., 275 Dalmau, Josep, 167, 169, 170 depression, 27, 39, 41, 47, 70, 89, 119; misdiagnosis of other diseases as, 92, 146, 147–48, 151, 159; overdiagnosis in women, 91, 116; prevalence in women, 50, 91; sex/gender differences and drug treatment, 42; somatization and, 78, 82, 89, 92; symptoms attributed to, 61–62, 78, 80–82, 89, 122–24, 126–29, 151, 199 Descartes, René, 179, 195 diabetes (type 1), 138, 140 diabetes (type 2), 47, 89, 119 diagnosis: bias and, 241–46, 314; case examples of misdiagnosis, 61–62, 80–81, 93, 98–100, 102–5, 117–18, 147–48; contested diseases and, 88, 253–304; conversion disorder and, 72, 73, 76, 79, 82, 89, 101, 142, 234, 264, 286; “diagnosis of exclusion,” 82; diagnostic delays for women, 4, 15, 79, 137, 148, 149, 151–58, 217, 219, 221, 224, 239, 256, 278, 313; errors in, 61–62, 80–86, 87, 91, 109–10, 115, 120–28, 148, 154, 261–62, 271–72; feedback for doctors and, 150, 316; gender bias and trust gap/women’s symptoms dismissed or discounted, 2, 4, 11–13, 61–105, 113–14, 117, 121–23, 129, 135, 137, 142, 146, 148, 151–56, 185, 203, 221, 230, 241–49, 255–58, 262, 264, 270, 278, 289–94, 303–4, 306–9, 313; gender stereotypes and, 4, 12, 63, 65, 74–76, 86–91, 94–100, 149, 156, 164, 165, 190, 209, 223, 237, 244, 260, 261, 267, 269, 289, 294, 298, 310, 313, 314; germ theory and, 69, 71; heartsink patients and, 100–103, 204, 278, 312; knowledge gap and, 86, 94, 144; knowledge-mediated bias and, 115–18; Osler’s advice, 300; rare diseases and, 152–54, 167–70; self-diagnosis, 279, 280–81, 317; symptoms attributed to drug-seeking, 155–58, 164–66, 192, 313; symptoms normalized as “female issues,” 246–49; technology and MUS, 195, 263; women blamed for ill health, 68, 75–76, 101–3, 223 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III, 76, 77; DSM-IV, 197; DSM-V, 78, 79; SSD in, 201 Didion, Joan, 205 diethylstilbestrol (DES), 29, 30 Doress-Worters, Paula, 18 drug trials, 3, 29–31, 33–39; Drug Trials Snapshots initiative, 37 dysautonomia, 273. See also postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Dysautonomia International, 274, 278, 279, 280–81 dyspareunia, 230–31, 233 Edelberg, David, 77, 203 Edwards, Laurie, In the Kingdom of the Sick, 153 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 153 Ehrenreich, Barbara, For Her Own Good, 5, 28, 67, 70, 214 Ehrlich, Paul, 139 elderly population, 31, 37, 135, 243 Encounters with the Invisible (Wall), 269 endometriosis, 79, 155, 177, 194, 216–29; blamed on the patient, 223; as career women’s disease, 222–23, 261; delayed diagnosis of, 217, 219, 221, 224; infertility and, 224–26; knowledge gap and, 227; medical research on, 226–27; mystery of, 228–29; pain and, 224–26; patient advocacy and, 249; prevalence rates, 216, 227; psychogenic label, 217–18, 225, 268; racial bias and, 223–24; ranking system for, 224–25; symptoms, 216–17, 219, 221; treatment, 226, 227–28 Endometriosis Association, 219, 221; Joe with Endo, 230–31 Endo What?

pages: 547 words: 148,732

How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence
by Michael Pollan
Published 30 Apr 2018

Working under grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Griffiths helped pioneer the sorts of experiments in which an animal, often a baboon or a rat, is presented with a lever allowing it to self-administer various drugs intravenously, a powerful tool for researchers studying reinforcement, dependence, preferences (lunch or more cocaine?), and withdrawal. The fifty-five papers he published exploring the addictive properties of caffeine transformed the field, helping us to see coffee less as a food than as a drug, and led to the listing of “caffeine withdrawal” syndrome in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM 5. By the time Griffiths turned fifty, in 1994, he was a scientist at the top of his game and his field. But that year Griffiths’s career took an unexpected turn, the result of two serendipitous introductions. The first came when a friend introduced him to Siddha Yoga.

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If a therapy contains an implicit theory of the disorder it purports to remedy, what might the fact that psychedelic therapy seems to address so many indications have to tell us about what those disorders might have in common? And about mental illness in general? I put this question to Tom Insel, the former head of the National Institute of Mental Health. “It doesn’t surprise me at all” that the same treatment should show promise for so many indications. He points out that the DSM—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its fifth edition—draws somewhat arbitrary lines between mental disorders, lines that shift with each new edition. “The DSM categories we have don’t reflect reality,” Insel said; they exist for the convenience of the insurance industry as much as anything else.

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See also counterculture cybernetics, 183 Dalai Lama, 41 dangers of psychedelics, 14–15, 209–11, 209n Davis, Wade, 107, 274 death and dying death rehearsal process, 346, 389 deaths associated with psychedelics, 14, 211 fear of, 8, 78–79, 218, 223, 336–37, 339, 346–47, 353, 355, 404 Griffiths’s outlook on, 79–80 and hospice services, 401 near-death experiences, 306 perceptions of, 68, 70, 79 and Pollan’s psychedelic journeys, 267, 269 reconnections with the dead, 67 visions of, 345–46 See also cancer patient research default mode network (DMN) activity reductions in, 300, 304–6, 313–14, 316–20, 322 and autobiographical narratives, 304, 387–88, 391 and children’s brains, 312, 328 and depression, 313, 378, 387–88 discovery of, 301–2 and disorganizing effect of psychedelics, 314n effect of psilocybin on, 300–301, 304–5 and ego, 312, 313–14, 329, 387, 388 and ego dissolution, 304–5, 351 evolution of, 312 and existential distress, 353 and expansion/contraction of consciousness, 322–23 function of, 301–4, 306–7 key structures of, 301n and mental illness, 329, 386 and mental time travel, 387 and mystical experiences, 306 overactivity in, 313, 353, 378, 386 and posterior cingulate cortex, 387–88, 391–93 quieting through meditation, 305, 306, 391, 392–95 and relationship to nature, 315–16 and rewiring of brain, 316–20, 353–54 and snow trails metaphor, 385 Delysid (LSD-25), 142–43, 145–46, 216–17 depatterning factor, 124 depression, 375–81 and access to emotions, 379–80 addiction’s links to, 383 and antidepressants, 147, 293, 335, 335n, 382 and autobiographical narratives, 387–88 Carhart-Harris’s pilot study on, 329–30, 376–81 and default mode network, 313, 378, 387–88 disconnection experienced in, 377–78 and ego’s tyranny, 367 and excess of order in brain, 313, 329, 385 inadequate treatments for, 335 and mental time travel, 387 and psycholytic LSD therapy, 156 return of, 380–81 and rumination, 377–78, 383 and studies requested by FDA, 375–76 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 383 dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 27, 48, 293 Doblin, Rick ambitions of, 36–37, 401–2 background of, 35 on legalization, 402 and MAPS, 35, 36–37, 397 and MDMA trials, 48 on progress of field, 397, 403–4 on quality of Harvard-based research, 45–46, 191 The Doors of Perception (Huxley), 25, 143, 160, 162, 201, 253 double-blind trials in research, 208 dreams and dreaming, 155, 292, 297 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), 60 drug war, 28, 50, 398 Drugs Without the Hot Air (Nutt), 300n Dulles, Allen, 165 Dylan, Bob, 114 Dyson, Esther, 183 Eastern religions, 205 eating disorders, 313, 367 ecstasy in psychedelic experiences, 111 ego and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 370 and awe-inspiring experiences, 374 and default mode network (DMN), 312, 313–14, 329, 387, 388 excessive control of, 313, 315, 367, 388 and existential distress, 353 and expansion/contraction of consciousness, 323 and fear of death, 339 functions of, 352 and mental time travel, 387 silencing of, 288–90, 394–95 and spirituality, 390 weakened state of, 252–53 ego dissolution and addiction treatment, 366 attitudes predicted by, 316n and default mode network (DMN), 304–5, 351 and Griffiths’s landmark paper, 10 in Hofmann’s trip, 24 and mystical experiences, 389 and noetic quality, 42 and Pollan’s psychedelic journeys, 252, 263–65, 270–71, 277 and spirituality, 288, 390 therapeutic value of, 389–90 volunteers’ accounts of, 65–66 Einstein, Albert, 367 Eisner, Betty on Cohen’s “unsanity,” 154 and Hubbard, 171, 174 and LSD therapy, 156 paranormal interests of, 208 and West Coast research hub, 152–53 Eliot, T.

pages: 336 words: 93,672

The Future of the Brain: Essays by the World's Leading Neuroscientists
by Gary Marcus and Jeremy Freeman
Published 1 Nov 2014

Yet no one attempted to integrate all this knowledge into a single, coherent, comprehensive, holistic, and explanatory framework. Nor had any brain disease yet been cured. Many in the rapidly growing elderly population faced symptoms of dementia, yet little could be done to slow down the ravages of the disease; it must have been heartbreaking to witness. When the once dominant Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—at the time the psychiatrist’s bible for treating patients with mental afflictions—appeared in its fifth edition in 2013, it did not list a single biomarker nor a single fMRI diagnostic criterion. If you were depressed, heard voices, or felt persecuted in the early twenty-first century, your only options were to talk to a therapist, fill out questionnaires, and take little-understood drugs that swamped your brain and had untold side effects.

…

See also SyNAPSE project (IBM) deficit-lesion-correlation approach, 139 degenerative diseases, 229 Dehaene, Stanislas, 165, 167, 172, 173, 174 De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body) (Vesalius), 3, 4f deletion syndromes, 238 dementia, 256 Dennett, Daniel, 166 Department of Energy, 196 depression, 122, 219, 227, 256 Descartes, René, 258, 269 de Sitter, Willem, 95 developmental language disorder, 154 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 261 diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 5 digital atlases, 15–16 digital atlasing, 5 dimensionality reduction, 82, 102 diversity: human brain, 214 divisive normalization: canonical neural computation, 180 DNA: bar-coding of, 46–48; encoding neural electrical activities into, 61–62; methylation, 189; neuroimaging genomics, 156; polymerase, 57–58, 61, 62f; sequencing, 55–57, 149, 150 Donald, Merlin, 133 Donoghue, John, 217, 219–232 Dostrovsky, John, 69 Dravet syndrome, 242 duck-billed platypus: brain construction, 187; neocortex, 188 Duke University, 115 dynamical systems approach, 82, 83 dyslexia, 11, 139 Eccles, John, 257 echolocating bat, 187 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 116, 122 Edinburgh Mouse Atlas Project (EMAP), 9 Eichele, Gregor, 7 Einhäuser, Wolfgang, 174 Einstein, Albert, 95 electrical recorders, 249 electrical recording, 38, 224, 245, 250, 257 electrical stimulation: neurotechnology, 225–26, 228, 260 electrodes: computational steps, 80f, 81; measuring electrical activity, 79, 80f electroencephalograph (EEG), 5, 244, 260 electromagnetic (EM) fields or waves, 248–249 electron microscopy (EM), 45, 60, 257 electrophoresis, 7, 15, 272 electrophysiology, 32, 35, 154 Eliasmith, Chris, 109, 125–36 EM Connectomics, 60 emergence: concept, 92–93 emergent phenomena, 93 encoding schemes, 214 Engert, Florian, 18 entorhinal cortex: grid cells in, of rat brain, 71, 72f; spatial cell types in, 74–76 epigenetic mechanisms: brain and behavior, 189, 190 epigenetics, 189 epilepsy, 194, 219, 230, 236, 240, 242, 266 ethics: human brain simulations, 268–69; whole brain simulation, 123 EurExpress, 9 European Commission, 111, 195 European Community, 94 Evans, Alan, 5, 10, 14 event related potentials (ERPs): consciousness, 172–73 evolution: brain organization, 190–91; epigenetic mechanisms, 189–90; neocortex during course of, 188–89; quest for species differences, 191–92; science dictating process, 191; studying various species, 186–87; understanding history of brain, 192–93; unusual mammals, 187–88 exome: humans, 152, 153–54 EyeWire, 15 Facebook, 103 feature detectors: neocortex, 211–12, 214 feedback pathways: thalamus, 37 Felleman, Daniel, 12 Feynman, Richard, 111 filtering: canonical neural computation, 180 Fisher, Simon E., 137, 149–57 flexible coordination: Spaun model, 132–33 Fluorescent In Situ Sequencing (FISSEQ), 58, 58f FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein), 240–41 force fields, 180 format: percepts and concepts, 171 Forschungszentrum Jülich, 116 FORTRAN, 44 foundation grants: funding for brain map, 199–200 FOXP2 gene: human and chimpanzee differences, 156; mutations of, 151–52, 155; songbirds, 155–56 fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), 240–41 Fragile X syndrome, 240–42 Freeman, Jeremy, 23, 65, 100–107 Freud, Sigmund, 259 Freud’s psychodynamic theory, 206 Fried, Itzhak, 211 functional brain map, 161 functional dissociations, 140 functional localization: concept, 139 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 4–5, 244, 260 functional modeling: neural responses, 102 fusiform face area, 163; identification of, 163 Fyhn, Marianne, 71 Galen, Claudius, 3 GE, 200 Genbank (public database), 196 genealyzers, 203 gene expression, 6–9, 8f, 54 GenePaint, 9 GENESIS neural simulator, 183 genetic brain, 6–14 genetics: psychiatric patients, 235–37 genome: humans, 149, 152; neuroimaging genomics, 156–57.

pages: 298 words: 93,083

Autism Adulthood: Strategies and Insights for a Fulfilling Life
by Susan Senator
Published 4 Apr 2016

No doubt people will also note that I do not use the term “autism spectrum” too often, nor do I specifically distinguish between descriptions like high functioning, low functioning, Aspie, Aspergian, Aspergerian, pervasive developmental disordered, ASD (autism spectrum disorder), and just plain old autism. This is because the current DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) has eliminated many such divisions on the autism spectrum, focusing instead on descriptive designations and on determining possible features of autism (e.g. social, communicative, behavioral, sensory, or intellectual deficits) rather than labeling kinds of autism.

…

What are we supposed to make of the adult who says he is autistic but seems light-years away from our own autistic child? How is it that Temple Grandin, who is fully verbal and able to navigate cities, airports, and conferences, has the same diagnosis as Nat? According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V, the autism spectrum is very, very broad: People with ASD tend to have communication deficits, such as responding inappropriately in conversations, misreading nonverbal interactions, or having difficulty building friendships appropriate to their age. In addition, people with ASD may be overly dependent on routines, highly sensitive to changes in their environment, or intensely focused on inappropriate items.

pages: 302 words: 90,215

Experience on Demand: What Virtual Reality Is, How It Works, and What It Can Do
by Jeremy Bailenson
Published 30 Jan 2018

In the weeks that followed, she set up a screening protocol to find those exhibiting PTSD symptoms, which would eventually handle 3,900 individuals who had been exposed to the attacks. But once they were identified, how to treat them? At the time, the very idea of PTSD was still under debate—though it was being studied by many researchers, it had not yet been officially recognized by the DSM, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, as a psychological phenomenon.2 Consequently, treatment options were limited. Many people suffering from symptoms were given antianxiety medications—a temporary fix that did not address the underlying issues. “It wasn’t quite the Wild West,” Difede told me, “but it was an emerging area.”

…

See also simulator sickness disease, spread through travel, 177–78 The Displaced, 78 display, 21, 23 distraction, 71, 153–60 diversity, 231 diversity training, 99–100, 101–2 Dixon, Chris, 7 Dobbins, Frank, 100 documentary film, 209–10, 211, 226 “double dissociation,” 57 Down syndrome, 146 DSM, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 138 dystonia, VR therapy for, 162–64 “Earthgazing,” 110 “The Earthquake” demo, 19–21 EcoMuve, 234, 236 ecotourism, 130–33 virtual, 131–33 editing, 223 education. See also VR learning; VR training audiovisual technology and, 25–26, 41 democratization of, 42–43 face-to-face contact and, 242–44 science learning, 39, 237–38, 245–46 teachers and, 242–44 virtual reality (VR) and, 41–43, 123–25, 232–46 (see also VR education) Edwards, Trent, 101 “effect size,” 84–85 Ehrlich, Paul, 112 electroencephalogram (EEG), 53 embodied cognition, 38–39 emoticons, 193 emotion(s), 37, 206–7, 210, 213, 224 emotional effects of VR, 64–65 (see also behavior modeling) empathy and, 77, 79–81 facial expressions and, 193–94 trauma and, 138–43, 149 empathy, 76–107.

pages: 526 words: 160,601

A Generation of Sociopaths: How the Baby Boomers Betrayed America
by Bruce Cannon Gibney
Published 7 Mar 2017

The story of the Boomers is, in other words, the story of a generation of sociopaths running amok.* Sociopathy is characterized by self-interested actions unburdened by conscience and unresponsive to consequence, mostly arising from non-genetic, contextual causes. The current professional standard, the fifth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM-V), focuses on the following criteria, which our Boomer subjects must display relatively constantly across time and context, including “moderate or greater impairments in personality function” due to: 1. ego-centrism; self-esteem derived from personal gain, power or pleasure; goal-setting based on personal gratification; absence of prosocial internal standards and associated failure to conform to lawful or culturally normative ethical behavior; 2. lack of concern for the feelings, needs or suffering of others… incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, as exploitation is a primary means of relating to others; and, 3. disinhibition [irresponsibility, impulsivity, risk taking] and antagonism [manipulativeness, deceitfulness, callousness, hostility].10 In other words, sociopaths are selfish, imprudent, remorseless, and relentless.

…

APPENDICES APPENDIX A Boomer Sociopathy—Ticking the Boxes The evidence presented in the book will either persuade or not persuade readers that the Boomers behaved in antisocial (i.e., sociopathic) ways. Readers can intuit what antisocial personality disorders look like, and we could leave it at that. However, clinical guides are useful for framing the analysis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (“DSM-V”) is the psychiatric profession’s standard reference work for identifying disorders.1 The DSM-V contains two major diagnostic models—its standard model and its “emerging model.”2 These modes heavily overlap and are generally consistent. This book contends that under either model, the Boomers meet the clinical standards for “sociopathy”—i.e., “antisocial personality disorder.”

…

The estimated population at the time I turned in the final draft of this book was 324 million; it was about 321 when I first started working on the book. US Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau (hereinafter “US Census”). Population Estimates, Intercensal Estimates (various periods). 10. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: 2013 (hereinafter “DSM-V”), 764 (alternative model); cf. ibid. at 659 (default model). A discussion of the specific application of the DSM-V’s various criteria and caveats about their application appear in Appendix A to this book. 11. Office of the Independent Counsel.

pages: 360 words: 100,991

Heart of the Machine: Our Future in a World of Artificial Emotional Intelligence
by Richard Yonck
Published 7 Mar 2017

Though it’s not widely known, there are many real-life cases of people bonding and falling in love with inanimate objects that aren’t sexbots or dolls. Object sexuality or objectophilia (not to be confused with objectification), is a recognized condition in which people fall in love with things.17 Objectophilia is listed in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) under paraphilias—sexual interests that are atypical. One of the more famous objectophiles is a woman who fell in love with the Eiffel Tower. Erika Eiffel even changed her surname from Erika LaBrie following her 2007 “marriage” to the famed landmark. Nearly thirty years earlier, Eija-Riitta Berliner-Mauer “married” the Berlin Wall.

…

See Access-consciousness AARP (2010 study), 153 Abigail, 3–4, 161–162 Access-consciousness, 242–249, 270 ACLU, 145 adaptive learning technology, 117–118 addictive behaviors and digitized emotion, 220 adrenaline, 186, 221 Affdex, 66, 69 affect, 47 Affect in Speech, 57 Affectiva, 66, 68–72, 118, 275 Affective Computing Company (tACC), 72 Affective Computing (Picard), 47–48, 51 Affective Computing Research Group, Media Lab, 52–54, 57, 60 AI and social experiments, 195–198 AI Watson, 197 “AI winter,” 37–38 AIBO, 200 “AI-human symbiote,” 264 Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 128–129 Aldebaran, 82, 112–113, 152 alexithymia, 34 Alone Together (Turkle), 199 AlphaGo, 68, 233 Alzheimer’s disease, 205 AM (deranged supercomputer), 232 American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 187 Amin, Wael, 59 amygdala, 19, 34, 221 anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), 19–20, 34, 247 anthropomorphism, 80–81 Apollo Program, 272 Apple, 75 application programming interfaces (APIs), 65, 72 Ardipethicus ramidus, 14 artificial intelligence, 52–53 development of, 35–36 foundations of, 36 term coined, 37 artificial neural networks (ANNs), 66, 251 artificially generated emotions, 102.

pages: 351 words: 100,791

The World Beyond Your Head: On Becoming an Individual in an Age of Distraction
by Matthew B. Crawford
Published 29 Mar 2015

But as we have seen, this deception fades away as the gambler gains experience, and he comes to embrace “extinction” as the goal of his activity.15 This is indeed alarming, and hard to square with our usual notions of what makes an activity appealing. If we understand it as a pathology in the individual gambler, this has a certain calming effect. And in fact, the gaming industry was quite pleased when the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders included “pathological gambling” in its menu of psychiatric disorders, as this helped the industry’s own efforts to characterize “problem gambling” as the manifestation of predilections in the individual—a preexisting inability to resist internal impulses—that, while certainly regrettable, is characteristic only of a separate class of gamblers, who no doubt would find some other outlet for their self-destructive behavior if slot machines were regulated by a meddling and paternalistic state.

…

consciousness consent conservatives consumer credit contingencies contract, authority of conversations, retrospective understanding enhanced by cooking, see short-order cooks cooperation Corporate Gaming Act courts, failing to appear in craft craps creative destruction creativity Critique of Judgment (Kant) cross-modal binding cultural authority cultural jigs Cultural Revolution culture culture of performance Cussins, Adrian cybernetics Davis, Miles death instinct pleasure principle and the will and debt Declaration of Independence Declaration of the Rights of Man Demain, Erik Demain, Martin democracy without flattening social effects of in statistical constructs Democracy in America (Tocqueville) Denmark Dennett, Daniel depression deregulation Descartes, René American individualism and epistemology of on primary vs. secondary qualities design: attention and of automobiles computer-aided in glassmaking interior in machine gambling in organ making determinism de Zengotita, Thomas Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diderot, Denis differentiation from others as basis of communal feeling as basis of individuality and identity politics as incubator of genuine attachments as inherently hierarchal vs. viewing oneself as representative “digital Maoism” dissidents distraction in cultural crisis of attention as neuroscience finding political economy and summary view of diversity divorce dogs, Frisbees as caught by Dreyfus, Hubert driving Droid Dumbaugh, Eric Dunkin’ Donuts Ebbesen, E.

pages: 535 words: 103,761

100 Years of Identity Crisis: Culture War Over Socialisation
by Frank Furedi
Published 6 Sep 2021

In the past century, the rise of psychological and social sciences provided yet other symbols and models for addressing this question… ‘Identity’ became the translation of this era’s answer to the seminal question.48 Although in recent times identity has mutated into a cultural attribute, in its early phase it worked as a moral and later as a psychological concept. Even in the field of psychology, it took some time for identity to become an important focus of interest. There is no diagnostic category for identity in the 1953 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association. The 1980 edition introduced the category of ‘Gender Identity Disorder’, and in 1994 ‘Personality Identity Disorder’ replaced ‘Multiple Personality Disorder’.49 In the 1994 DSM, ‘Identity Disorder’ was downgraded to ‘Identity Problem’ on the grounds that apprehension over one’s identity was so widespread that it could be considered as part of the new normal.

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Coles, Robert collective identities Coming of Age in Samoa (Mead) competitive efficiency compulsory education constructive social engineering corporate identity counter-cultural impulse of socialisationsee also socialisation culture, discontinuity of cultural accomplishment cultural attitudes cultural change cultural characteristics cultural conflicts cultural contestation cultural continuity cultural contradictions of adulthood cultural critique masquerading as diagnosis cultural developments cultural discontinuity cultural gap cultural heritage cultural identity adversary becomes elite culture devaluation of moral agency generational culture gap politicisation of identity politicisation of validation validated personhood cultural imagination cultural lag cultural maladjustment cultural models cultural narratives cultural norms cultural politics of identity cultural realignment cultural revolution cultural solidarity cultural synthesis cultural tensions culture war Danziger, Kurt Davis, Kingsley Death of the Past, The (Plumb) de Cervates, Miguel Denney, Reuel devaluation of adulthood Dewey, John Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) Dickens As An Educator (Hughes) Djilas, Milovan Dollard, John Don Quixote (de Cervates) Dunn, Robert Education of the Adolescent, The educative war education old scholastic ideals of medicalisation of Eisenstadt, Shmuel Elizabeth Warren Elliott, Anthony Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences Erikson, Erik Escape From Freedom (Fromm) ethnic identity Experimental Social Psychology (Murphy) expert(s) about adulthood academic authority of as child professionals clinical as educationalists forms of decision making in human relations moral opinion parenting as psychologists technical therapeutic intervention of expertise ascendancy of authority of of educational psychologists guidance by politicisation of of psychiatrists scientific social engineering technical of therapeutic professionals Family Therapy movement Fass, Paula Fathers and Sons (Turganev) fetishisation of change First World War Fisher, H.A.L.

pages: 319 words: 101,673

The Sleeping Beauties: And Other Stories of Mystery Illness
by Suzanne O'Sullivan
Published 31 Mar 2021

I had learned about them in a news article headlined, Mass Hysteria breaks out in Central America. Forty-three people in three communities had been struck down with tremors, difficulty breathing, trance-like states and convulsions. The outbreak was attributed to a condition known as grisi siknis. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), used by the American Psychiatric Association to classify mental disorders, refers to grisi siknis as a ‘cultural concept of distress’, meaning it has psychiatric and somatic (physical) symptoms that are uniquely seen within a specific culture or society. It is also sometimes called a folk illness.

…

If it is that difficult to decide on the absence or presence of disease, just imagine how hard it must be to define what constitutes normal behaviour. If a rebellious teen was pathologized seventy years ago, what personal traits are we attributing to illness now, that we will regret in the future? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), created by the American Psychiatric Association, is on its fifth edition. With every new edition, it grows, as new categories of psychiatric and psychological illness are added. What constitutes a mental illness changes substantially over time. Some classifications disappear, but the trend is towards broadening categories with new definitions and subcategories.

pages: 109 words: 33,946

Tribe: On Homecoming and Belonging
by Sebastian Junger
Published 23 May 2016

Tens of thousands of vets were struggling with “post-Vietnam syndrome”—nightmares, insomnia, addiction, paranoia—and their struggle could no longer be written off to weakness or personal failings. Obviously, these problems could also affect war reporters, cops, firemen, or anyone else subjected to trauma. In 1980, the APA finally included post-traumatic stress disorder in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Thirty-five years after finally acknowledging the problem, the US military now has the highest reported PTSD rate in its history—and probably in the world. American soldiers appear to suffer PTSD at around twice the rate of British soldiers who were in combat with them.

Love's Executioner
by Irvin D. Yalom
Published 1 Jan 1989

If we relate to people believing that we can categorize them, we will neither identify nor nurture the parts, the vital parts, of the other that transcend category. The enabling relationship always assumes that the other is never fully knowable. If I were forced to assign an official diagnostic label to Marie, I would follow the formula prescribed in the current psychiatric diagnostic and statistical manual and arrive at a precise and official-sounding six-part diagnosis. Yet I know that it would have little to do with the flesh-and-blood Marie, the Marie who always surprised me and outdistanced my grasp, the Marie of the two smiles. 8 Three Unopened Letters “The first one came on a Monday.

…

The ominous signs were multiplying rapidly in our relationship: it was losing its human qualities; Saul and I no longer related as friends or allies; we stopped smiling together or touching each other—either psychologically or physically. I began to objectify him: Saul was no longer a person who was depressed but was instead a “depression”—specifically, in terms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a “major” depression of a severe, recurrent, melancholic type, with apathy, psychomotor retardation, loss of energy, appetite and sleep disturbance, ideas of reference, and paranoid and suicidal ideation. I wondered what medication I should try, and where I should hospitalize him.

pages: 274 words: 93,758

Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception
by George A. Akerlof , Robert J. Shiller and Stanley B Resor Professor Of Economics Robert J Shiller
Published 21 Sep 2015

Vaillant sees the major symptom of alcoholism as victims’ loss of capacity for intimacy. In our view, such psychological ailment, if Vaillant’s observations are right, is truly destructive of well-being. The NESARC is based on the definitions of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association. “Alcohol abuse” is determined by a positive single response to a battery of questions such as: “[Did you] have job or school troubles because of your drinking or being sick from drinking?” The more serious condition of “alcohol dependence” depends on positive response to at least three questions such as: “[Have you had] a period when you kept on drinking for longer than you had meant to?”

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Cardozo, “The Altruist in Politics” (commencement address, Columbia University, 1889), https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1341/1341-h/1341-h.htm. Conclusion: Examples and General Lessons: New Story in America and Its Consequences 1. The American Journal of Psychiatry has published an editorial saying that Internet addiction “merits inclusion” as a disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Jerald J. Block, “Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction,” American Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (2008): 306–7. Internet addiction has been particularly studied in South Korea, where high school students spend an average of twenty-three hours a week at gaming. It is noteworthy that South Korea trained more than a thousand counselors in treatment of this addiction, involved hospitals and treatment centers, and brought preventive programs into schools.

pages: 416 words: 106,582

This Will Make You Smarter: 150 New Scientific Concepts to Improve Your Thinking
by John Brockman
Published 14 Feb 2012

Yet traditional psychiatry, like human intuition, resists calling anything a disorder if its prevalence is higher than about 10 percent. The personality/insanity continuum is important in mental health policy and care. There are angry and unresolved debates over how to revise the fifth edition of psychiatry’s core reference work, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), to be published in 2013. One problem is that American psychiatrists dominate the DSM-5 debates, and the American health insurance system demands discrete diagnoses of mental illnesses before patients are covered for psychiatric medications and therapies. Also, the U.S.

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absence and evidence, 281, 282–84 abstractions, shorthand, see SHAs Adaptation and Natural Selection (Williams), 196 adoptions, 194 Aether, 338–39 Afghanistan, 19 agreeableness, 232–33 Aguirre, Anthony, 301–2 Alexander, Richard, 321 Alexander, Stephon H., xxvii, 296–98 algebra, 6, 24 Alter, Adam, 150–53 altruism, 194, 196–97 aluminum refining, 110 Amazon, 25 Anasazi, 361 Anderson, Alun, 209–10 Anderson, Ross, 262–63 anecdotalism, 278–80 anomalies, 242–45 Anthropocene thinking, 206–8 anthropologists, 361 anthropophilia, 386–88 anyons, 191 apophenia, 394 Arbesman, Samuel, 11–12 archaeology, 282–84, 361 architecture, 246–49 ARISE (Adaptive Regression In the Service of the Ego), 235–36 Aristotle, 9, 28–29, 35 art: bricolage in, 271–72 parallelism in commerce and, 307–9 recursive structures in, 146–49 Arthur, Brian, 223 Ascent of Man, The, 340 Asimov, Isaac, 324–25 assertions, 267 assumptions, 218–19 atoms, 128 attention, 130, 211 focusing illusion an, 49–50 spotlight of, 46–48 attractiveness, 136, 137 authority and experts, 18, 20, 34 Avery, Oswald, 244 Avicenna, 9 Aztecs, 361 Bacon, Francis, 395 bacteria, 15–16, 89, 97, 166, 290–91, 292–93, 338 transformation of, 243, 244, 245 Baldwin, Mark, 152 Banaji, Mahzarin R., 389–93 banking crisis, 259, 261, 307, 309, 322, 386 Barondes, Samuel, 32 Barton, Robert, 150–51 base rate, 264–65 Bass, Thomas A., 86–87 Bayesian inference, 70 behavior, ignorance of causes of, 349–52 behavioral sciences, 365–66 belief, 336–37 proof, 355–57 Bell, Alexander Graham, 110 bell curve (Gaussian distribution), 199, 200 benchmarks, 186 bias, 18, 43–45 confirmation, 40, 134 self-serving, 37–38, 40 in technologies, 41–42 biochemical cycles, 170–71 bioengineering, 16 biological ecosystems, 312–14 biological teleology, 4 biology, 234, 312 biophilia, 386 Bird, Sheila, 274 birds, 155, 359 chickens, 62–63, 155 herring gulls, 160 songbirds, 154–55 black box, 303 Blackmore, Sue, 215–17 Black Swan, The (Taleb), 315 black-swan technologies, 314–17 Blake, William, 44 blame, 35–36, 106, 386 blindness, 144 Bloch waves, 297 Boccaletti, Giulio, 184–87 body, life-forms in, 13, 290–91, 292 Boeri, Stefano, 78 Bohr, Niels, 28 Bolyai, János, 109 Bony, Jean, 247–48 Bostrom, Nick, 275–77 bottom-up thinking, 157–59 Boyer, Pascal, 182–83 bradykinesia, 63 brain, 48, 129–30, 148, 149, 150, 158, 172, 346, 347, 389, 394 consciousness and, 217 evolution of, 10, 207, 257 mind and, 364, 366 neurons in, see neurons plasticity of, 250–51 predictive coding and, 132–34 self and, 212 size of, 257 of split-brain patients, 349–50 synapses in, 164 temperament traits and, 229–30 white and gray matter in, 162–63 Bramante, Donato, 248–49 Brand, Stewart, 15–16 Bray, Dennis, 171–72 bricolage, 271–72 Brin, Sergey, xxv Bronowski, Jacob, 340, 341–42 Brooks, David, xxv–xxviii Brown, Louise, 165 Bryson, Bill, 387 Buddha, 373 business planning, 186 Buss, David M., 353–54 Byars, James Lee, xxix–xxx Cabot, John, 90 calculus, 34, 109 Calvin, William, 201–2 cancer, 390 body scans and, 69, 259–60, 264, 265 tests for, 264–65 cannibalism, 361–62 carbon, 81, 82 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, 202, 207, 217, 262 car insurance, 66–67 Carr, Nicholas, 116–17 Carroll, Sean, 9–10 Cartesian science, 82–83 Caspi, Avshalom, 279 cats, 286 causality, 34–36, 58–61, 396 blame, 35–36, 106, 386 confabulation, 349–52 correlation and, 215–17, 219 of diseases, 59, 303–4 entanglement and, 331 information flow and, 218–20 nexus, 34–35 root-cause analysis, 303–4 in universe, 9–10 web of causation, 59–60, 61 central-limit theorem, 107–8 certainty, 73, 260 proof, 355–57 uselessness of, 51–52 see also uncertainty Challenger, 236 chance, 7, 18 change, 127–28, 290 fixation on, 373 chaos theory, 103, 202 character traits, 229 charitable activities, 194 cheating, 351 chess, 343 chickens, 62–63, 155 children, 148, 155, 252 chocolate, 140 cholera, 338 Chomsky, Noam, xxv Christakis, Nicholas A., xxvii, 81–83, 306 Church, George, 88–89 CINAC (“correlation is not a cause”), 215–17 civil rights movement, 370 Clark, Andy, 132–34 Clarke, Arthur C., 61 climate change, 51, 53, 99, 178, 201–2, 204, 268, 309, 315, 335, 386, 390 CO2 levels and, 202, 207, 217, 262 cultural differences in view of, 387–88 global economy and, 238–39 procrastination in dealing with, 209, 210 clinical trials, 26, 44, 56 cloning, 56, 165 coastlines, xxvi, 246 Cochran, Gregory, 360–62 coffee, 140, 152, 351 cognition, 172 perception and, 133–34 cognitive humility, 39–40 cognitive load, 116–17 cognitive toolkit, 333 Cohen, Daniel, 254 Cohen, Joel, 65 Cohen, Steven, 307–8 cold fusion, 243, 244 Coleman, Ornette, 254, 255 collective intelligence, 257–58 Colombia, 345 color, 150–51 color-blindness, 144 Coltrane, John, 254–55 communication, 250, 358, 372 depth in, 227 temperament and, 231 companionship, 328–29 comparative advantage, law of, 100 comparison, 201 competition, 98 complexity, 184–85, 226–27, 326, 327 emergent, 275 computation, 227, 372 computers, 74, 103–4, 146–47, 172 cloud and, 74 graphical desktops on, 135 memory in, 39–40 open standards and, 86–87 computer software, 80, 246 concept formation, 276 conduction, 297 confabulation, 349–52 confirmation bias, 40, 134 Conner, Alana, 367–70 Conrad, Klaus, 394 conscientiousness, 232 consciousness, 217 conservatism, 347, 351 consistency, 128 conspicuous consumption, 228, 308 constraint satisfaction, 167–69 consumers, keystone, 174–76 context, sensitivity to, 40 continental drift, 244–45 conversation, 268 Conway, John Horton, 275, 277 cooperation, 98–99 Copernicanism, 3 Copernican Principle, 11–12, 25 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 11, 294 correlation, and causation, 215–17, 219 creationism, 268–69 creativity, 152, 395 constraint satisfaction and, 167–69 failure and, 79, 225 negative capability and, 225 serendipity and, 101–2 Crick, Francis, 165, 244 criminal justice, 26, 274 Croak, James, 271–72 crude look at the whole (CLAW), 388 Crutzen, Paul, 208 CT scans, 259–60 cultural anthropologists, 361 cultural attractors, 180–83 culture, 154, 156, 395 change and, 373 globalization and, see globalization culture cycle, 367–70 cumulative error, 177–79 curating, 118–19 currency, central, 41 Cushman, Fiery, 349–52 cycles, 170–73 Dalrymple, David, 218–20 DALYs (disability-adjusted life years), 206 danger, proving, 281 Darwin, Charles, 2, 44, 89, 98, 109, 156, 165, 258, 294, 359 Das, Satyajit, 307–9 data, 303, 394 personal, 303–4, 305–6 security of, 76 signal detection theory and, 389–93 Dawkins, Richard, 17–18, 180, 183 daydreaming, 235–36 DDT, 125 De Bono, Edward, 240 dece(i)bo effect, 381–85 deception, 321–23 decision making, 52, 305, 393 constraint satisfaction and, 167–69 controlled experiments and, 25–27 risk and, 56–57, 68–71 skeptical empiricism and, 85 deduction, 113 defeasibility, 336–37 De Grey, Aubrey, 55–57 delaying gratification, 46 democracy, 157–58, 237 Democritus, 9 Demon-Haunted World, The (Sagan), 273 Dennett, Daniel C., 170–73, 212, 275 depth, 226–28 Derman, Emanuel, 115 Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 156 design: mind and, 250–53 recursive structures in, 246–49 determinism, 103 Devlin, Keith, 264–65 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 233–34 “Dial F for Frankenstein” (Clarke), 61 Diesel, Rudolf, 170 diseases, 93, 128, 174 causes of, 59, 303–4 distributed systems, 74–77 DNA, 89, 165, 223, 244, 260, 292, 303, 306 Huntington’s disease and, 59 sequencing of, 15 see also genes dopamine, 230 doughnuts, 68–69, 70 drug trade, 345 dualities, 296–98, 299–300 wave-particle, 28, 296–98 dual view of ourselves, 32 dynamics, 276 Eagleman, David, 143–45 Earth, 294, 360 climate change on, see climate change distance between sun and, 53–54 life on, 3–5, 10, 15 earthquakes, 387 ecology, 294–95 economics, 100, 186, 208, 339 economy(ies), 157, 158, 159 global, 163–64, 238–39 Pareto distributions in, 198, 199, 200 and thinking outside of time, 223 ecosystems, 312–14 Edge, xxv, xxvi, xxix–xxx education, 50, 274 applying to real-world situations, 40 as income determinant, 49 policies on, controlled experiments in, 26 scientific lifestyle and, 20–21 efficiency, 182 ego: ARISE and, 235–36 see also self 80/20 rule, 198, 199 Einstein, Albert, 28, 55, 169, 301, 335, 342 on entanglement, 330 general relativity theory of, 25, 64, 72, 234, 297 memory law of, 252 on simplicity, 326–27 Einstellung effect, 343–44 electrons, 296–97 Elliott, Andrew, 150 Eliot, T.

pages: 443 words: 112,800

The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 27 Sep 2011

Roszak noted that the American Psychiatric Association lists more than 300 mental diseases in the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual, without so much of a mention of the possibility that human beings might suffer mentally from a loss of attachment to nature. He writes, “Psycho-therapists have exhaustively analyzed every form of dysfunctional family and social relations, but dysfunctional environmental relations does not exist even as a concept.”8 Roszak makes the very telling point that the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual “defines separation anxiety disorder as excessive anxiety concerning separation from home and from those to whom the individual is attached.

Visual Thinking: The Hidden Gifts of People Who Think in Pictures, Patterns, and Abstractions
by Temple Grandin, Ph.d.
Published 11 Oct 2022

I wasn’t happy when my mother sent me to boarding school. But it was the most formative experience of my life. Becoming independent is one of life’s great rewards. Autism diagnosis covers such a wide range that one person might be an engineer at Apple, and another can’t dress himself. In 1980, when autism first appeared in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a separate diagnosis from schizophrenia, children had to have both obvious delayed speech and a lack of responsiveness to their surroundings and other people to be labeled autistic. In 1994, Asperger’s syndrome was added. It could apply to a child who is socially awkward with no obvious speech delay.

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S., 239 Colonial Pipeline, 227–28 Colorado State University, 112 Columbia Gas, 210 community college, 6, 58–59, 111, 118 complementary minds concept of, 124–26 engineers and architects, 133–37 engineers and industrial designers, 126–27, 134 examples of, 121–31, 150–51 future needs for, 152–53 observations of, 126–31 See also collaborations; technology industry computers chip-making machine, 94–95 and cyberattacks, 227–33 and cybersecurity, 105, 117, 201, 233 drawings done on, 51–52 people with disabilities and, 103–4 programming of, 32, 178–83, 215–17 programs for, 105–6, 232–33 software developers for, 180–82, 190 and visual thinkers, 32, 121, 153 Computers in Human Behavior (journal), 38 Condit, Carl, 135 Condivi, Ascanio, 172 “Conversation Tasks, The” (study), 60 conveyor belt industry, 93–94 Courchesne, Eric, 24 Courchesne, Valérie, 66 COVID-19, 45, 73, 96, 101, 109, 148, 160, 271 Creating Minds (Gardner), 176 creativity, 88, 135 and the brain, 27, 40, 184–85, 188 divergent thinking, 185 dyslexia linked to, 175–76, 185 geniuses and, 108, 156, 171, 179, 184, 187, 190 measuring of, 184–85 schizophrenia and, 160 studies on, 27, 38–39, 134, 185 and successful jobs, 76 See also Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) Creativity: The Human Brain in the Age of Innovation (Goldberg), 184 Cropley, David, 134 Cruelty to Animals Act, 23 Cuenca, Pepe, 61 Cutler, Eustacia, 122–24 D Dagg, Anne, 248–49 Darwin, 156, 242, 259 David (Michelangelo), 172–74 Davis, Karen, 256 Dawson, Michelle, 43 de Matteis, Antonio, 117 de Monchaux, Nicholas, 143 De Montfort University (England), 99 de Waal, Frans, 258–59, 267 deaf high school football team, 162 DeepDream, 232–33 Deepwater Horizon disaster, 211–12 Descartes, René, 1–2, 241–42 designers, 77, 138 and autism, 44–45, 107 not needing college degree, 111 as object visualizers, 31–33, 45 screened out, 55 in technology, 140, 149, 183, 217 visual/nonverbal reasoning of, 88–89 as visual thinkers, 3, 5, 227, 277 See also industrial designers Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 79 Different . . . Not Less (Grandin), 100–101 Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), 25 disabilities, people with brain circuitry and, 25 civil rights/laws for, 82–83 cruel acts against, 81–82 early intervention for, 100, 109 life/work skills for, 101–2 moving beyond their traits, 98–100 poor performers in school, 174–76 programs for, 92–93, 104 public schools and, 65–67, 82–83 screened out, 81–82, 107 studies on, 12 disability mindset, 77–81, 83, 100 movement, 97–98, 159 silos, 102 disasters airplane, 6, 212–20, 227, 234, 270, 277 averting/predicting, 6, 12, 193–95, 201, 205–6, 210, 212, 228–30, 234 collapsed buildings, 209, 277 computer/internet related, 227–34 electrical, 203–5, 228–29, 276 fires, 203, 210, 276 gas and oil accidents, 209–12, 275 of infrastructure, 202–5, 207–9, 275–77 mechanical failures, 205–7 nuclear accidents, 6, 220–27, 235, 277 and risk assessment, 194–97, 201–2, 224 and risk management, 201–2 DNA, 46–47, 167–68, 260 Donaldson, Margaret, 59–60, 62–63 Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, 249 drama program, 50–51 drawing/drafting, 87, 104, 107, 176 by architects/engineers, 51–52, 135, 144, 196 and averting risks/disasters, 210 by children, 17, 70, 276 by geniuses, 88–89, 171 and industrial design, 99, 118, 196 of livestock facilities, 99, 127 studies based on, 31, 38–39 and visual thinkers, 17, 20, 36 dreaming, 40–41, 46, 232, 256 Driscoll, David, 63 Duckworth, Angela, 99, 109 dyslexia, 17, 25, 37, 83, 91, 124–25, 155, 159, 174–78, 185 E Earth Observatory (Lamont-Doherty), Columbia University, 143 East China Normal University (Shanghai), 189 echolocation, 28–29 Edison, Thomas, 67, 85, 94, 156–60, 176, 182, 191, 277 Edley, Christopher, Jr., 58–59 educational system and benefits of acceleration, 68–70 diagnostic labels of, 76 and kids with special abilities, 185–86 one-size-fits all, 55, 83, 276 reform bills for, 51 screening out technical skills, 86 standardized curricula and, 68–70 and STEM, 63, 95 and types of intelligence, 64–65 verbal learning dominates in, 157 See also public schools Eiffel, Gustave, 136–37 Eiffel Tower, 136–37 Einstein, Albert, 108, 156, 176, 179, 183, 186–89, 191 electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB), 261, 263 Electronic Design (website), 125 elephants.

pages: 405 words: 130,840

The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
by Jonathan Haidt
Published 26 Dec 2005

In 1 9 9 8 , Martin Seligman founded positive psychology when he asserted that psychology had lost its way. Psychology had become obsessed with pathology and t h e dark side of human nature, blind to all that was good and noble in p e o p l e . Seligman noted that psychologists had created an e n o r m o u s m a n u a l , k n o w n as t h e " D S M " ( t h e Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), to diagnos e every possibl e mental illness an d behavioral annoy - ance, but psychology didn't even have a language with which to talk a b o u t the upper reaches of human health, talent, and possibility. W h e n S e l i g m a n launched positive psychology, one of his first goals was to create a diagnostic manual for the strengths and virtues.

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Daniel, 6 1 - 6 2 , 79 193, 1 9 9 - 2 0 0 Baumeister, Roy, 7 4 - 7 5 Ainsworth, Mary, 1 1 5—118 Beck, Aaron, 3 7 - 3 9 , 66, 78, 144 Algoe, Sara, 196 Beckett, Samuel, 214 Allen, Woody, 52, 214 Behaviorism, 16-17, 3 8 - 3 9 , Altruism, 1 7 1 - 1 7 5 , 196, 230, 2 3 7 1 0 8 - 1 1 0 , 2 2 0 and free-rider problem, 231—234 Bentham, Jeremy, 162—163 Analects (Confucius),-x, 45 Berscheid, Ellen, 1 2 4 - 1 2 5 Anomie, 1 7 5 - 1 7 8 Bhagavad Gita, x, 5 6 , 7 7 , 8 9 , Appiah, Anthony, 177 2 0 3 - 2 0 4 Aristotle, 157, 160, 161, 218 Bias, 6 9 - 7 1 , 7 4 - 7 5 , 79, 8 5 Ashoka (Mauryan king), 140 Biswas-Diener, Robert, 1 0 3 - 1 0 4 Attachment, xii, 1 0 7 - 1 3 4 , 148, 199, Blake, William, 241 2 3 8 - 2 3 9 Blink (Gladwell), 22 philosophers' rejection of, 87—90, Boethius, 2 4 - 2 6 1 2 8 - 1 3 2 Bogen, Joseph E., 6—7 and romantic love, 123—127 Borges, Jorge Luis, ix, xiii Bowlby, John, 109, 1 1 2 - 1 1 5 Christmas Carol, A ( D i c k e n s ) , and features of attachment 1 4 0 - 1 4 1 relationships, 118—119 Cialdini, Robert, 49, 5 6 - 5 7 Boyer, Pascal, 234 Cognitive therapy, 24, 3 7 - 3 9 , 41, 62, Brain structure 78, 90, 148, 170 amygdala, 10, 3 0 - 3 1 C o h e r e n c e , 1 4 4 - 1 4 5 , 2 2 6 - 2 2 7 , 229 "exchange organ," 50—51 Community, ethic of, 188, 209, 229 forebrain, 10 Confabulation, 8 - 9 , 17, 21, 139 frontal insula, 51—52 C o n f u c i u s , x, 45, 55, 1 2 8 - 1 2 9 , hippocampus, 10, 40 1 5 9 - 1 6 0 hypothalamus, 10, 17 Consolation of Philosophy, The left brain—right brain division, 6—9 (Boethius), 2 4 - 2 6 neocortex, 1 0 - 1 3 , 30, 33, 5 1 - 5 2 , C o n s p i c u o u s consumption, 8 3 - 8 4 , 113 9 9 - 1 0 0 , 143 orbitofrontal cortex, 1 1—12, 17 Controlled and automatic processes, Brain studies, 5 1 - 5 2 , 1 2 1 - 1 2 2 , 1 3 - 1 7 , 1 9 - 2 0 , 56, 96 2 3 6 - 2 3 7 Cooperation, 4 7 - 4 8 , 2 3 5 Bronte, Charlotte, 94 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihalyi, 95, Buddha, x, xi, xii, 2—3, 22, 25, 36, 43, 2 2 3 - 2 2 5 62, 132, 144, 1 5 5 - 1 5 6 , 158, Culture, 27, 35, 42, 60, 11 5, 117, 1 5 9 , 2 2 3 , 2 3 6 1 2 3 - 1 2 5 , 132, 140, 142, 155, on detachment, 7 7 - 7 8 , 82, 87, 1 5 8 - 1 6 0 , 163, 1 6 6 - 1 6 8 , 172, 8 9 - 9 2 , 94, 1 0 2 - 1 0 6 , 128 178, 183, 1 8 5 - 1 8 8 , 191, 193, quoted, xi, 2, 23, 59, 73, 81, 155 201, 205, 2 0 8 - 2 0 9 , 211, 227, Buddhism, 18, 3 5 - 3 6 , 82, 86, 87, 103, 2 2 9 - 2 3 0 , 2 3 2 - 2 3 5 , 2 4 2 129, 140 Curse of the Self, The ( M a r k Leary), Burns, David, 78 2 0 6 - 2 0 7 Bush, George W., 75, 76, 208 Dalai L a m a , 129, 139 Carnegie, Dale, 23 Damasio, Antonio, 12—13 Catharsis, 1 4 7 - 1 4 8 Damon, William, 179, 2 2 5 Cather, Willa, 213 Darwin, Charles, 50, 200, 2 3 0 - 2 3 1 Chapin, Henry, 108 Darwin's Cathedral ( W i l s o n ) , 2 3 5 Character, 1 6 8 - 1 6 9 , 176 Daston, Lorraine, 2 0 6 Child development, 113-123, 1 4 9 - 1 5 0 Davidson, Richard, 33, 8 3 - 8 4 and moral education, 158—160, Death, fear of, 132 1 6 4 - 1 6 5 , 171, 1 7 5 - 1 7 9 , 2 0 6 Death of Character, The ( H u n t e r ) , 1 7 6 China, x, 135 Depression, 3 1 - 3 4 , 3 7 - 4 3 , 62, 66, 78, Choice, 1 0 1 - 1 0 2 89, 90, 93, 102, 136, 144 Christianity, 1 3 0 - 1 3 1 , 171, 199, De Rerum Natura ( L u c r e t i u s ) , 1 3 0 205, 209 Descartes, Ren6, 161 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Epley, Nicholas, 67 Mental Disorders (DSM), 167 , 16 9 Ethics of Identity, The ( A p p i a h ) , 1 7 7 Dickens, Charles, 140-141 Evil, 7 2 - 7 6 , 211 Diener, Ed, 88, 103 Evil: Inside Human Cruelty and Disgust, role of in social life and Aggression (Baumeister), 74 sexuality, 185-186, 189, 191, Evolution.

pages: 531 words: 125,069

The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure
by Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt
Published 14 Jun 2018

He found that their scope had expanded in two directions: the concepts had crept “downward,” to apply to less severe situations, and “outward,” to encompass new but conceptually related phenomena. Take the word “trauma.” In the early versions of the primary manual of psychiatry, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM),17 psychiatrists used the word “trauma” only to describe a physical agent causing physical damage, as in the case of what we now call traumatic brain injury. In the 1980 revision, however, the manual (DSM III) recognized “post-traumatic stress disorder” as a mental disorder—the first type of traumatic injury that isn’t physical.

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abuse, 25, 26, 175 Adam, 166 Adam Walsh Child Resource Center, 166 Adler, Eric, 198–99 adulthood, 148, 250, 257 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), 175, 176 aggression, 40, 71 in girls versus boys, 155, 161 microaggressions, 40–46, 51, 71, 77, 145, 205, 210, 260 Albright, Madeleine, 48 Alexander, Larry, 107–8 Alexander, Michelle, 74 Algoe, Sara, 159 allergies, 21–22 peanut, 19–21, 23–24, 30, 164, 236, 237 American Academy of Pediatrics, 247 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 92, 216 American Enterprise Institute, 87 American National Election Study, 129 America’s Most Wanted, 166 Antifa, 81, 83, 91 Antifragile (Taleb), 22–23, 164, 170 antifragility, 22–24, 28, 31, 146, 164, 176, 178, 193, 206, 237, 246 anxiety, 5, 12, 24, 30, 33–34, 125, 126, 157, 164 cognitive behavioral therapy and, 7–8, 29 cognitive distortions and, 7–8, 10, 158–59, 161 depression and, 158 in girls versus boys, 149–51, 160 overprotection and, 183 play deprivation and, 183 rates of, 149–51, 157–58, 160, 183, 185 safetyism and, 158 Aristotle, 253 art of association, 191–92, 194, 211 Ashworth, Kevin, 163 Atlantic, 42, 72, 95, 190 “The Coddling of the American Mind” (Lukianoff and Haidt), 10–12, 31, 37, 121, 145, 156, 205 Atomwaffen Division, 133 Axelrod, David, 96 Baby Boom generation, 110, 111, 167, 174 Baehr, Jason, 247–48 Balko, Radley, 74 Barrett, Lisa Feldman, 95 Beck, Aaron, 36–37 Beck, Glenn, 132 Bell Curve, The (Herrnstein and Murray), 87 Berenstain, Nora, 105 Bergen Community College, 201 Bergesen, Albert, 100–103, 105–7, 119 Berkeley, University of California at, 12, 81–87, 90, 94, 120 bias reporting systems, 204–6, 212 Big Sort, The: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America Is Tearing Us Apart (Bishop), 130 Bilge, Sirma, 68 Bill of Rights, 222–23 Bishop, Bill, 130 Black Lives Matter (BLM), 75, 88, 133, 134 Black Swan, The (Taleb), 22 blaming, 38, 39, 278 Bloom, Paul, 218 Boethius, 34, 35 Bond, Sarah, 136–37 brain, 153, 181–84, 193, 194 Breitbart News, 81 Bridges, George, 115–17, 119, 198 Brookings Institution, 86 Brown, Stacy, 116, 118–19 Brown University, 26–28, 70, 259 Bruni, Frank, 190 Buddha, ix, 34, 35, 60, 95, 241 bullying, 25, 26, 246 call-out culture, 5, 10, 71–73, 77, 86, 158 Cambridge Analytica, 265 Campbell, Bradley, 209, 210 Carlson, Tucker, 118, 133, 134 Carter, Jimmy, 224 catastrophizing, 38, 50, 84–85, 89, 145, 190, 201, 212, 277 Center for Collegiate Mental Health, 156 Centers for Disease Control, 190 charitable interpretations, see principle of charity Charleston church shooting, 139 Charlottesville rally, 90–92, 94, 97, 139 Chicago Statement on Principles of Free Expression, 255–56, 268, 279–81 Chinese Cultural Revolution, 100–102 children academic and career pressures on, 174, 235, 236 adversity and, 175–76 books for, 172 cognitive behavioral techniques for, 241–42 community of, 239–40 conflict resolution and disagreement skills in, 191–92, 194, 211, 212, 240, 248, 258–60 democracy and, 191–94 and fear of strangers and abduction, 165–67, 178, 186, 194, 235, 238 mindfulness and, 242 phones and, see phones play and, see play school and, see school sleep and, 250 structured lives of, 188–89, 246 suggestions for, 235–51 summer camps for, 240 wisdom and, 235–51 year of service or work after high school, 250–51, 257 see also parenting Christakis, Erika, 56–57, 71, 102–3, 127, 165, 187, 188, 210–11, 240 Christakis, Nicholas, 56–57, 127 Chronicle of Higher Education, 208 Chua, Amy, 267 Ciccariello-Maher, George, 135 civil rights laws, 206, 207 civil rights movement, 60–61, 65, 67, 84, 216, 221, 222, 230 Claremont McKenna College (CMC), 53–55, 88–90, 102–3, 120, 134, 175 Clark, Jenna, 159 Clinton, Bill, 222, 224 coddling, use of word, 13–14 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 3, 7–9, 14, 29, 51, 95, 144–45, 196, 259 Boethius and, 34–36 children and, 241–42 effectiveness of, 37 how to do, 275–78 as microaggression, 42 cognitive distortions, 7–10, 14, 36–40, 50, 84–85, 89, 144–45, 196–97, 212, 259 anxiety and, 7–8, 10, 158–59, 161 categories of, 37–38, 277–78 depression and, 7–8, 10, 36–37, 150, 158–59, 161 parenting and, 177–78 safetyism and, 177–78 see also emotional reasoning college campuses, see universities Collins, Patricia Hill, 68 Collins, Richard, III, 139 Columbia University, 6, 7, 40, 255 Coming Apart (Murray), 87 Common Core, 188 common-enemy identity politics, 62–67, 71–73, 76, 77, 89–90, 119–20, 244 common-humanity identity politics, 60–62, 74–76, 221, 244 Common Sense Media, 249 concept creep, 24–27, 31–32, 105, 150, 205 harassment and, 206–9 safety and, 24–25, 27, 259 trauma and, 25–26 violence and, 85–86 confirmation bias, 109, 131, 258, 259 conflict resolution and disagreement skills, 191–92, 194, 211, 212, 240, 248, 258–60 Congress, 131 Consolation of Philosophy, The (Boethius), 34, 35 Constitution, U.S., 222–23 Cooper, Harris, 185, 245 correlation: causation and, 227–29, 231–32 spurious, 152, 228 Coulter, Ann, 83 Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams, 67–68, 71, 221 Crick, Nicki, 155 crime, 167, 186, 238, 266 criminal justice system, 74 critical thinking, 39, 113, 259 CYA (Cover Your Ass), 203, 211, 212 Daily Californian, 84 Dalai Lama, 267 Day of Absence, 114–15 Deaner, Robert, 225 debate clubs, 248 democracy, 66, 191–94, 222–23, 254 Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 195 Democrats, 129–31, 213, 216 see also politics Department of Education, 207 Department of Justice, 207 depression, 5, 12, 24, 30, 125, 126, 143, 157, 164, 250 activities correlated with, 152–53 anxiety and, 158 cognitive behavioral therapy and, 7–8 cognitive distortions and, 7–8, 10, 36–37, 150, 158–59, 161 first-person account of, 143–44 in girls versus boys, 149–51, 160 play deprivation and, 183 rates of, 149–50, 157–58, 160, 183, 185 safetyism and, 158 see also suicide Depression, Great, 130 Deresiewicz, William, 189 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 25 dichotomous thinking, 38, 39, 50, 85, 89, 145, 177, 277 dignity culture, 209–10 disconfirm, inability to, 278 disconfirmation, institutionalized, 109, 110, 229 discounting positives, 38, 177, 277 distributive justice, 217–21, 227, 230, 231 Dolezal, Rachel, 104 Dreger, Alice, 254–55 Drexel University, 135, 202 Duckworth, Angela, 190 Duke, Annie, 248–49 Durden, Lisa, 134–35 Durkheim, Emile, 100, 102, 103, 106–8, 113–15, 120 Eady, Trent, 73 Eagleman, David, 58 Ebner, Julia, 266–67 economy, 13, 152 education: purpose of, 254 see also school; universities emotional reactivity, 95–96 emotional reasoning, 3, 4, 33–51, 119, 177, 202, 208, 212, 241, 247, 259, 278 disinvitations of speakers and, 47–51 microaggressions and, 40–46 “see something, say something” and, 203–4 subjective standards and, 25–26 Enlightenment Now (Pinker), 264 Epictetus, 33, 34, 50 equality: absolute, 65 distributive justice and, 218 fairness and, 218 equal-outcomes social justice, 223–27, 230, 231 equity theory, 218–20, 226, 227, 231 Essex County College, 134–35 Evergreen State College, 114–21, 133, 198 EverydayFeminism.com, 44 Excellent Sheep (Deresiewicz), 189 exclusion, 246–47 experience-expectant development, 182–84 fairness, 217–18, 222 equity theory and, 218–20, 226, 227, 231 procedural justice and, 219 see also justice Fall of the Faculty, The: The Rise of the All-Administrative University and Why It Matters (Ginsberg), 198 Facebook, 49, 55, 105, 107, 130, 146–47, 207, 265 fascism, 86, 89, 92 FBI, 138, 166, 261 feminism, 49, 94, 104, 105, 107, 208 filter bubble, 130–31 First Amendment, 5, 64, 82, 116, 138, 200–201, 256 forbidden base rates, 229 fortune-telling, 89, 277 Foster, Karith, 44–45, 51, 55 Foucault, Michel, 69 Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), 5, 47, 64, 74, 94, 135, 145, 200, 202, 204, 216, 255 Fox News, 118, 133–35 fragility, 2–4, 9, 14, 19–32, 119, 170, 171, 177, 196, 202, 212, 236, 258–59 antifragility, 22–24, 28, 31, 146, 164, 176, 178, 193, 206, 237, 246 see also safetyism Franklin, Benjamin, 269 Free-Range Kids movement, 164, 211, 238 free-range parenting bill, 266 free speech, 5–6, 31, 65, 84, 138, 200–203, 207, 212, 251 Chicago Statement on Principles of Free Expression, 255–56, 268, 279–81 First Amendment and, 5, 64, 82, 116, 138, 200–201, 256 free speech zones, 202–3 and responding to pressure campaigns and outrage, 256–57 speech codes, 207, 256 Friedersdorf, Conor, 72 From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation (Taylor), 135 Galileo’s Middle Finger (Dreger), 254–55 Game of Thrones, 201 Gandhi, Mahatma, 98 gap year, 250–51, 257 Gastañaga, Claire Guthrie, 92 Gawker, 228 Gelman, Andrew, 213, 214 gender pronouns, 24–25 General Motors (GM), 67 Generation X, 167, 174, 184–85 Generation Z, see iGen genes, 182 Ghitza, Yair, 213, 214 Gibson, William, 9–10 Gingrich, Newt, 131 Ginsberg, Benjamin, 198 good people versus evil; us versus them, 3–4, 14, 53–77, 85, 90, 92, 119–20, 132, 177, 206, 243–44, 247, 259–60 see also groups Gopnik, Alison, 21, 24 Grant, Adam, 240 Gray, Hanna Holborn, 50, 51 Gray, Peter, 183–85, 190–91, 193–94, 238 Greatest Generation, 110 Greek statues, 136–37 Green, Melanie, 159 grit, 190 Grit (Duckworth), 190 Gross, Neil, 88 groups, 44, 57–59, 68, 70–71, 76, 100, 120 collective effervescence in, 100, 103 minimal group paradigm, 57–58 moral matrices and, 9, 10 self-segregation in, 130 solidarity in, 108–9 tribalism and, 57–59, 76, 130, 131, 153, 267 us versus them and good people versus evil, 3–4, 14, 53–77, 85, 90, 92, 119–20, 132, 177, 206, 243–44, 247, 259–60 see also identity politics groupthink, 73, 106, 108, 113, 131 Guinier, Lani, 222 Gulag Archipelago, The (Solzhenitsyn), ix, 243 Gunn, Tommy, 75 Haidt, Max, 19–20 Halloween costumes, 56, 102, 165 Hamid, Shadi, 42–43 Hampshire College, 135 Hannity, Sean, 132 Happiness Hypothesis, The (Haidt), 2, 35 harassment, concept creep and, 206–9 Harvard Law School, 205 Harvard University, 112, 253 Haslam, Nick, 25–26 hate crimes and speech, 86, 94, 126, 138–39 Haymarket riot, 201 Hennessy, Matthew, 49 Heterodox Academy, 248 Heyer, Heather, 91, 139 Heying, Heather, 116, 118 Higher Education Research Institute, 113 Hitler, Adolf, 63, 91 Hoffer, Eric, 99 Holder, Eric, 48 Holland, Stephen, 37 homework, 185–86, 245 honor cultures, 209 Horowitz, David, 83 Horwitz, Steven, 191–92, 211 How to Raise an Adult (Lythcott-Haims), 165 Huo, Yuen, 220 hygiene hypothesis, 21–22 Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, 104–5 Hyperallergic, 136 Identity Evropa, 136 identity politics, 59–67, 76, 259 common-enemy, 62–67, 71–73, 76, 77, 89–90, 119–20, 244 common-humanity, 60–62, 74–76, 221, 244 positive trends in, 266–67 schools and, 244 iGen, 146–51, 174–75, 178 anxiety and depression in, see anxiety; depression college and, 31, 145, 148, 156–59, 174–75, 185 play and, 185 politics and, 213, 214 safetyism and, 30–31, 156, 158, 161 iGen (Twenge), 30–31, 146–49, 152–54, 159 immune system, 21–22, 164 Importance of Being Little, The (Christakis), 165 “In Defense of Transracialism” (Tuvel), 104–7, 121 institutionalized disconfirmation, 109, 110, 229 intellectual humility, 244, 247 intellectual virtues, 247, 258 Intellectual Virtues Academy, 247–48 intent, 51, 86, 104–5 charitability in interpreting, 42, 51, 55, 243–44, 260 impact versus, 43–44, 46 microaggression theory and, 40–46, 51, 71, 77 internet, 237, 241 see also social media intersectionality, 67–69, 71, 76–77, 90 intimidation, 14, 81–98 intuitive justice, 217–21 distributive, 217–21, 227, 230, 231 procedural, 217, 219–22, 227, 230, 231 Islamist extremists, 266–67 Iyengar, Shanto, 130–32 Jacksonville State University, 202 Jandhyala, Pranav, 82 Jenner, Caitlyn, 104, 105, 205–6 Jennings, John, 82 Jensen, Mike, 205–6 Jews, 63, 90, 126 Jim Crow laws, 221 Johnson, Samuel, 269 Jones, Van, 96–98, 192, 259 judgment focus, 278 justice, 217–21, 223, 254 distributive, 217–21, 227, 230, 231 intuitive, 217–21 procedural, 217, 219–22, 227, 230, 231 see also social justice Kabat-Zinn, Jon, 242 Kaiser, Sandra, 133 Kerr, Clark, 197 kindergarten, 185, 187–88 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 60–62, 75, 76, 98 Kipnis, Laura, 208–10 Krupenkin, Masha, 130–32 Ku Klux Klan, 12, 90, 91, 207 Kuran, Timur, 267 labeling, 38, 39, 50, 89, 145, 150, 277 LaFreniere, Peter, 181 Lagarde, Christine, 48 language development, 182 Lareau, Annette, 173–75, 179, 235 Las Vegas shooting, 12 law education, 205 Leahy, Robert, 37, 241–42 LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut Allergy), 20–21 learned helplessness, 158 Let Grow, 164, 238–39 Licence, 238–39 Levitsky, Steven, 131 Lexington High School, 190 Lilla, Mark, 74–75 Limbaugh, Rush, 132 locus of control, 46, 70, 158 Louisiana State University (LSU), 199 Lythcott-Haims, Julie, 165, 169–70, 190 Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 265 Mac Donald, Heather, 88–89, 126 Maher, Bill, 48 Mandela, Nelson, 81, 98 Manning, Jason, 209, 210 Mao Zedong, 100–101 Marano, Hara Estroff, 170 Marcus Aurelius, 95 Marcuse, Herbert, 64–71 marriage equality, 61–62 Martínez Valdivia, Lucía, 93 Marx, Karl, 64, 254 Marxism, 64, 65 matrix, matrices, 9–10 May Day, 201 McChrystal, Stanley, 251 McElroy, Wendy, 26–28 McGinn, Lata, 37 McLaughlin and Associates, 86 McNally, Richard, 29 McNeese State University, 203 McWhorter, John, 86 media, 130–32, 137 Meng Tzu (Mencius), 19 mental health, 26, 140, 143–61, 266 of college students, 156–59 in girls versus boys, 149–51, 154–56, 160, 161 self-harming and, 151, 195–96 and social media and phones, 146–47, 152–56, 159–61, 265 see also anxiety; depression #MeToo Movement, 12, 27 microaggressions, 40–46, 51, 71, 77, 145, 205, 210, 260 Middlebury College, 12, 87–88, 90, 103, 127 Mill, John Stuart, 248 Millennials, 30, 31, 156, 160, 175, 178, 184–85, 188, 213 Milton, John, 34 mindfulness, 242 mind reading, 38, 41, 212, 277 Misoponos, 1–4, 14, 34, 50 moral dependency, 209–12 moral judgments, intent versus impact in, 43–44, 46 moral matrices, 9, 10, 58 moral values, 61–62 Morgan, Kathryn Pauly, 68–69 Murray, Charles, 87–88, 103, 127 Murray, Pauli, 61, 62, 75–76, 260 Nader, Ralph, 24 National Association of Social Workers, 220 National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 166, 168 Nazis and neo-Nazis, 12, 63, 64, 90–92, 133, 139, 140 negative filtering, 38, 177, 277 negative partisanship, 131–32, 140 Neuromancer (Gibson), 9–10 New Jersey Transit, 203–4 New Jim Crow, The: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Alexander), 74 New Left, 65, 67 New Republic, 6 Newsome, Hawk, 75–76 Newton, Isaac, 125 New York, 106 New Yorker, 205 New York Sun, 163 New York Times, 6, 26, 88, 92, 95, 127, 133, 190, 226 New York University (NYU), 204–5 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 2, 22 1960s, 213–14, 216, 230 No Child Left Behind, 188 Noonday Demon, The: An Atlas of Depression (Solomon), 143 Northern Michigan University, 200, 211 Northwestern University, 208 Notre Dame vs. the Klan: How the Fighting Irish Defeated the Ku Klux Klan (Tucker), 207 NW Anxiety Institute, 163 Oakton Community College, 201 Obama, Barack, 11, 96, 140, 214 Obama, Malia, 250 Oberlin College, 24–25 Occupy Wall Street, 129 Oliver, Kelly, 106–7 Olivia (Claremont student), 53–55, 175 Once and Future Liberal, The: After Identity Politics (Lilla), 74–75 On Liberty (Mill), 248 oppression, 6, 44, 46, 57, 64, 65, 68–71 Orlando nightclub shooting, 12 Ostrom, Elinor, 191 Ostrom, Vincent, 191, 192 Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (Putnam), 173–76 overgeneralizing, 38, 39, 50, 277 overprotection, 13 in parenting, 126, 148, 164, 165, 167–72, 183, 201–2, 235, 236, 266 see also fragility; parenting; safetyism overreaction, 201, 203 overregulation, 201–3 parenting, 125, 126, 163–79, 192 and actual versus imagined risk, 167–68 and arrest for neglect, 171–72, 266 and assuming capability in children, 237 and child’s walking to places alone, 169–70, 237–39 cognitive distortions and, 177–78 concerted cultivation style of, 173, 174, 176, 179, 235–36 free-range, 164, 211, 238, 266, 268 Let Grow License and, 238–39 natural growth style of, 174, 179 overprotective (helicopter), 126, 148, 164, 165, 167–72, 183, 201–2, 235, 236, 266 prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child, 23, 237–40 risk taking and, 238 school policies and, 245–49 social class and, 173–76, 179 societal pressures and, 171 suggestions for, 235–51 Parker, Sean, 147 Paros, Mike, 118 Patz, Etan, 165, 166 Paxson, Christina, 27 “Paying the Price for Breakdown of the Country’s Bourgeois Culture” (Wax and Alexander), 107–8, 121 peanut allergies, 19–21, 23–24, 30, 164, 236, 237 Peck, Don, 10 personalizing, 277 Pew Research Center, 128 phones, 30, 146, 147, 152–54, 159–61, 194, 214 and limiting device time, 249–50 school and, 247 see also social media Pinker, Steven, 264, 265 play, 125, 126, 178, 181–94 brain and, 181–84, 193 free, 183–86, 188, 189, 191, 193–94, 235–37, 245–46, 266 importance of, 181–83, 193–94 outdoor, 184, 186, 266 playgrounds, 183, 238 risk and, 183–85, 236, 238, 246 polarization, 121, 125–41, 251, 265 affective, 129, 131–32, 141 outrage and, 133–38, 261 police, attitudes toward, 219–20 political correctness, 46, 94–95, 202 Political Tribes: Group Instinct and the Fate of Nations (Chua), 267 politics, 213–14 alt-right, 81, 84, 118, 139, 266 bipartisanship in, 131 birth year and, 213–14 filter bubble and, 130–31 left-wing, 5, 110–13, 126–27, 132–38, 141, 199 negative partisanship in, 131–32 from 1940s to 1980, 130 right-wing, 5, 63, 110–13, 118, 126, 127, 132–38, 141 universities and, 110–13, 121, 126–27, 132–38, 141, 199, 258 see also polarization Pomona College, 89–90 positives, discounting, 38, 177, 277 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 25, 28–29 power, 53, 66 intersectionality and, 68 prejudice, 25, 40–44, 46 see also racism Princeton Review, 189 principle of charity, 42, 51, 55, 243–44, 260 privilege, 68–71 problems of progress, 13–14, 170, 264 procedural justice, 217, 219–22, 227, 230, 231 professors: political perspectives of, 110–13, 121, 258 retraction demands and, 103–4, 107–8, 121 social media and, 137, 141, 201 trust between students and, 205–6, 212 viewpoint solidarity and diversity among, 108–13, 121, 258 proportionality, 217–19, 224, 227 proportional-procedural social justice, 220–23, 231 Putnam, Robert, 173–76, 236 racism, 6, 42, 44–45, 64, 71, 140 civil rights movement and, 60–61 Halloween costumes and, 56, 102, 165 intimidation and threats, 138–40 Jim Crow laws, 221 white supremacists, 12, 86, 87, 89–91, 94 Rage, The: The Vicious Circle of Islamist and Far Right Extremism (Ebner), 266–67 rape culture, 26–28 rape law, teaching of, 205 Rational Optimist, The (Ridley), 264–65 Rauch, Jonathan, 59, 267 Rawls, John, 213 Redelsheimer, Katrina, 82 Reed College, 93, 127 regret orientation, 278 religion: American civil, 60–61 rituals in, 100 Renaissance, 136 “Repressive Tolerance” (Marcuse), 65–67 Republicans, 129–31, 213, 216 see also politics rider-and-elephant metaphor, 35, 36, 51, 62 Ridley, Matt, 264–65 Righteous Mind, The: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion (Haidt), 9 Right on Crime, 74 Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America’s Police Forces (Balko), 74 risk, 185, 237 actual versus imagined, 167–68 play and, 183–85, 236, 238, 246 see also safety rituals, 100 Roberts, John, 192–93 Roman statues, 136–37 Roof, Dylann, 139 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 74 Sacks, Jonathan, 53, 64 safety, 6–7, 9, 14, 24–25, 29–30, 96, 148 and actual versus imagined risk, 167–68 crime and, 167, 186, 238, 266 improvements in child safety, 168–69 meaning of, and concept creep, 24–25, 27, 246–47, 259 threats and, 138–40, 260–61 safetyism, 29–30, 85, 104, 121, 125, 164, 165, 194, 203, 246–47 on campus, 12, 24–26, 96–97, 125, 145–46, 148, 195–212, 268 cognitive distortions and, 177–78 dangers of, 168–71 exclusion and, 246–47 iGen and, 30–31, 156, 158, 161 overprotective parenting, 126, 148, 164, 165, 167–72 rise of, 24–26, 121 safe spaces, 26–31, 96, 145, 210, 259 school and, 236 trigger warnings, 6–7, 24, 28, 29, 31, 145, 210 Salem witch hunts, 99–100 San Bernardino attack, 12 Sanders, Bernie, 213 Savio, Mario, 84 schemas, 36–38, 57, 150, 177 Schill, Michael, 92 school (K–12), 59, 185–89, 194 college admissions and, 189–91, 194, 235, 236, 257–58, 268 debate teaching in, 248 discussions on coursework in, 248 first-grade readiness checklists, 186–87, 238 grades in, 190 homework, 185–86, 245 ideas for elementary schools, 245–47 ideas for middle schools and high schools, 247–49 identity politics and, 244 influencing policies at, 245–49 kindergarten, 185, 187–88 phones at, 247 recess at, 245–47 safetyism and, 236 year of service or work between high school and college, 250–51, 257 Schulz, Kathryn, 244 “see something, say something,” 203–4 Seligman, Martin, 158 September 11, 2001, attacks, 200, 203 Service Year Alliance, 251 sexism, 6, 44, 71 sexual misconduct and assault, 27 law education and, 205 #MeToo Movement and, 12, 27 Shakespeare, William, 34 Shapiro, Ben, 83 Sheskin, Mark, 218 shoulds, 277 Shuchman, Daniel, 238 Shulevitz, Judith, 26–28 Silverglate, Harvey, 74 Simmons, Ruth, 259 Singal, Jesse, 106 Skenazy, Lenore, 163–65, 169, 171, 172, 177, 185, 211, 238 sleep, 250 smartphones, see phones Smith College, 72 snowballs, and danger, 236 social class: parenting and, 173–76, 179 universities and, 174, 176 social justice, 111, 125, 126, 213–32 and correlation as causation, 227–29, 231–32 definition and use of term, 217, 220–21, 223 equal-outcomes, 223–27, 230, 231 major news stories related to, 214–16 proportional-procedural, 220–23, 231 social media, 5, 10, 30, 130, 133, 139, 145, 194, 203, 259 call-out culture and, 71–73 curation and comparisons in, 154–55, 161 Facebook, 49, 55, 105, 107, 130, 146–47, 207, 265 impact on girls, 154–56 and limiting device time, 249–50 mental health and, 146–47, 152–56, 159–61, 265 positive trends in, 265–66 professors and, 137, 141, 201 Twitter, 81, 130, 135–37, 147, 265 virtue signaling and, 73 Socrates, 49, 50 Solomon, Andrew, 143 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, ix, 243 Soviet Union, 130, 243 Spellman, Mary, 54–55, 57, 71, 102–3, 105–6, 134 Spencer, Richard, 139 Spock, Benjamin, 174 sports, 152, 189, 225–26 Title IX and, 224–25 spurious correlations, 152, 228 Stalin, Joseph, 243 Stanger, Allison, 87–88, 103, 127, 140 Starmans, Christina, 218 statues, Greco-Roman, 136–37 “sticks and stones” saying, 210 Stoicism, 95–96, 98 Stone, Geoffrey, 255, 279 Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, 84 Sue, Derald Wing, 40–42 suicide, 5, 24, 30, 143–44, 152 academic competition and, 190 rates of, 150–51, 160, 183, 190 sharing thoughts of, 195–96 Suk Gersen, Jeannie, 205 summer camps, 240 Supreme Court, 61 Tajfel, Henri, 57–58, 76 Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, 22–23, 28, 164, 170 Tannen, Deborah, 154 Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta, 135–36 Tea Party, 129 telos, 253–55 Tenbrink, Tyler, 139 terrorism, 11–12, 204 September 11, 2001, attacks, 200, 203 Tetlock, Phil, 229 Texas State University, 63–64, 67 Theodoric, 34 Theory of Justice, A (Rawls), 213 Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don’t Have All the Facts (Duke), 248–49 threats, 138–40, 260–61 Three Felonies a Day: How the Feds Target the Innocent (Silverglate), 74 Thucydides, 108–9 Title IX, 206–8, 223–25 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 191, 195 tolerance, 65–66 transgenderism, 104–5, 205–6 transracialism, 104 trauma, 25–26, 28–29, 31–32, 33 PTSD, 25, 28–29 Treatment Plans and Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (Leahy, Holland, and McGinn), 37 tribalism, 57–59, 76, 130, 131, 153, 267 see also groups trigger warnings, 6–7, 24, 28, 29, 31, 145, 210 Trump, Donald, 12, 82–83, 87, 96, 112, 114, 127, 135, 139, 140 Charlottesville and, 91, 94 supporters of, 75–76, 81, 83 truth, 253–55, 268 Tucker Carlson Tonight, 118, 133, 134 Turning Point USA (TPUSA), 138 Tuvel, Rebecca, 104–7, 121, 127 Twenge, Jean, 30–31, 146–49, 152–54, 159, 160, 164, 185 Twitter, 81, 130, 135–37, 147, 265 Tyler, Tom, 219–20 Tyranny of the Majority, The (Guinier), 222 UCLA, 92 Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life (Lareau), 173–75 unfair comparisons, 278 universities, 5, 8, 10, 11, 59, 125–26, 214 admissions to, 189–91, 194, 235, 236, 257–58, 268 amenities at, 199, 211 bureaucracy at, 125, 126, 192, 194, 195–212 canon wars at, 7 Chicago Statement and, 255–56, 268, 279–81 consumerist mentality at, 198–200, 211 corporatization of, 197–98, 211 cross-partisan events at, 261 distorted thinking modeled by administrators at, 200–203 diversity among professors in, 108–13, 121, 258 diversity among students in, 43, 258, 260 expansion of, 197–98 freedom of inquiry at, 255–57 free speech at, 5–6, 31, 65, 84, 200–203 heckler’s veto and, 257 iGen and, 31, 145, 148, 156–59, 174–75, 185 intellectual virtues and, 258 intimidation and violence at, 81–98 mental health and, 156–59 as multiversities, 197, 253 political orientation and, 110–13, 121, 126–27, 132–38, 141, 199, 258 preparation for life following, 8–9 productive disagreement in, 258–60 regulations at, 192, 200–203, 211–12 and responding to pressure campaigns and outrage, 256–57 retraction demands at, 103–4, 107–8, 121 safe spaces and, 26–31, 96, 145, 210, 259 safetyism at, 12, 24–26, 96–97, 125, 145–46, 148, 195–212, 268; see also safetyism school spirit at, 260 social class and, 174, 176 speakers at, 6, 27, 47–51, 87, 199 suggestions for, 253–62 trigger warnings and, 6–7, 24, 28, 29, 31, 145, 210 trust between professors and students at, 205–6, 212 truth and, 253–55, 268 wisdom and, 253–62 University of California, 197 Berkeley, 12, 81–87, 90, 94, 120 Los Angeles, 92 University of Central Florida, 207 University of Chicago, 119, 251, 253, 268 Chicago Statement on Principles of Free Expression, 255–56, 268, 279–81 University of Cincinnati, 203 University of Connecticut, 202 University of Iowa, 136–37 University of Michigan, 184, 207 University of Missouri, 11 University of Northern Colorado, 205–6 University of Oregon, 92 University of Pennsylvania, 107, 108 University of Virginia, 12, 188, 223–27 University of West Alabama, 202 Unsafe at Any Speed (Nader), 24 us versus them; good people versus evil, 3–4, 14, 53–77, 85, 90, 92, 119–20, 132, 177, 206, 243–44, 247, 259–60 see also groups vaccination, 21 Valenti, Jessica, 26–27 Venker, Suzanne, 49 victimhood culture, 209–10 victimization, 41–42, 46, 57, 126 viewpoint diversity, 11, 109, 112–13, 121, 248, 258 vindictive protectiveness, 10, 235 violence, 81–98 definition of, 85–86 words as, 84–86, 89, 94–98, 145, 158 Virginia Rowing Association, 223 virtue signaling, 73 vulnerability, culture of, 209, 210 see also fragility Wall Street Journal, 222 Walsh, Adam, 165–66 Walsh, John, 166 Ward, Douglas Turner, 114 War on Cops, The (Mac Donald), 88 Washington Post, 93, 199 Wax, Amy, 107–8, 121, 126 Weinstein, Bret, 114–19, 127, 133 “what if” questions, 278 Where You Go Is Not Who You Will Be: An Antidote to the College Admissions Mania (Bruni), 190 white genocide, 135, 136 white nationalists and white supremacists, 12, 86, 87, 89–91, 94, 135, 136, 139, 140, 266 Will, George, 48 William & Mary, 92 Williams College, 49–50 Wilson, E.

pages: 448 words: 123,273

Ultra-Processed People: The Science Behind Food That Isn't Food
by Chris van Tulleken
Published 26 Jun 2023

This impasse between reality and science is partly responsible for the confused way we conceive of obesity: we tend to locate the problem in the individual, not the food, despite the mounting evidence that the food itself is the problem for obesity and perhaps for many eating disorders. Together with Xand, I read through the defining criteria of addiction in the latest version of the US Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the psychiatric bible. It classifies problem use of an intoxicating substance as mild, moderate or severe using eleven diagnostic criteria. If you meet more than six of the criteria, you have a severe problem. We both scored a solid nine for the food we love (all of it UPF).

…

Abbott, 65, 179, 201, 296 ABC News, 101n Aboriginal Australians, 175 Accum, Frederick, 46 acetate, 88 Ad Hoc Joint Task Force, 65 Adane, Christina, 142–3 Addicted to Food (podcast), 168 Addicted to Food (Smith), 304 addiction, 9, 106, 151–68, 179, 206–7, 271, 303–4 additives, 208–21, 271, 272 regulation of, 225–33 ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), 209 Advertising Association, 205n Advertising Standards Agency, 209 advertising, see marketing Africa, 246–7, 286 agriculture antibiotic resistance and, 266 meat production, 259–63 oil production, 258–9 Agyemang, Charles, 247 AIBMR Life Sciences, 233 Air Canada, 151 airline food, 151 alcohol, 9, 128n, 164, 166, 199 Aldi, 159, 160, 264 Algeria, 25 alginate, 22 allergic diseases, 216 Alliance for Potato Research and Education (APRE), 101n Alliance to Save our Antibiotics, 266 Allison, David, 100n Alpen, 52 Alzheimer’s disease, 62 Amazon, 264 Amazon region, 238–43, 248–9, 262, 263 American Academy of Paediatrics, 292 American Beverage Association, 101n American College of Sports Medicine, 133 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,202 American Society for Nutrition, 65 Angola, 246, 286 anti-fat bias, 6 antibiotics, 216, 226, 230, 255, 266–7 antioxidant supplements, 47 anxiety, 156, 233 appetite regulation, 31, 34, 37, 41, 56–9, 104, 106–8, 160, 173 Apple, 140 Applebaum, Rhona, 133 apples, 171–2 Archer-Daniels-Midland (ADM), 240, 272, 277 Argentina, 262, 263 arms races, 1–4, 47, 74, 84, 86 arrowroot starch, 21 artificial colours, 205n artificial sweeteners, 5, 23, 90–91, 194n, 200–206, 209, 272 Asda, 159, 205n, 296 asthma, 214n, 216 astrology, 49–50 Atkins, Robert, 111, 116 atoms, 81 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 82 Attia, Peter, 112 Auschwitz concentration camp, 73 Australasian Guideline, 292 Australia, 6, 80, 84, 140–41, 256 autoimmune diseases, 216 Avena, Nicole, 153–5, 167n, 168, 189 Awesome Chips, 140 baby food/formula, 93, 172n, 236, 274, 288–90 bacteria, 3, 4 butter and, 24 exudate, 22 first age of eating, 80–83 microbiome, 87–8, 155, 204, 213–21, 271, 272–3, 289 baked beans, 157–8 Ballarin, Oswaldo, 288, 289–90 Bank of England, 282 Barabási, Albert-László, 189 Barbosa, Felipe, 237 Barcarena, Brazil, 239–40, 265 BASF, 73 Batterham, Rachel, 35–7, 59, 61, 66, 145–6, 152 Bayer, 73 beef, 141–2, 189 farming of, 85–8, 92, 99, 190, 215, 260–61, 267, 274 protein isolates, 154 Belém, Brazil, 238, 248 Bellini, Alessandra, 297 BENEO, 65 Benin, 286 beriberi, 42 Berridge, Kent, 156n Bert, Paul, 103 beta-carotene, 47, 71 Bethesda, Maryland, 53 Better Food Index, 298 Biggest Loser, The, 54 Bilott, Rob, 212 Binley, Gary, 275 bisphenol A, 227 Bite Back, 297–8 bitter tastes, 194, 195, 196, 198–9 Black communities, 245–6 BlackRock, 282 bladder, 194n Blair, Steven, 122, 133, 134 blood fat profiles, 62 blood pressure, 109 blue whales, 102 Bluebell Capital, 282 BMI (body mass index), 50, 54, 138n, 242 body fat, 100–104 Bolton, Lizzie, 31 bones, 72, 85, 95–7, 175, 271 bonobos, 100 Boots, 296 Borneo, 259 Boston, Massachusetts, 139, 143 Boyland, Emma, 141 Boyle, Bob, 292 Bozer, Ahmet, 283 Brabeck-Letmathe, Peter, 284 Brazil, 6, 32, 41–5, 60, 75, 118, 157, 159, 236–43, 248–9 meat production in, 262, 263 plastic waste in, 268 soy industry, 239–40 traditional diet, displacement of, 43–4, 197–8, 236–49 bread, 173–4, 208–9 Break Free From Plastic, 267 breast cancer, 60, 62 breastfeeding, 42, 94–6, 130, 185, 187, 195, 214, 288–94 Brecon Beacons, Wales, 52 Bristol University, 25 British and Irish Legal Information Institute, 250 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 53, 125, 139, 168 British Dietetic Association, 296 British Heart Foundation, 128, 296 British Journal of Nutrition, 75 British Medical Journal, 49, 60, 236 British Museum, London, 180 British Nutrition Foundation, 295 Broad Leib, Emily, 231, 233, 234, 243 Brochet, Frédéric, 182n Brown, Alan, 93 Brown, Amy, 293 Bunge Limited, 277 Burger King, 140, 173 Burkina Faso, 286 Burmese pythons, 88 butter, 24–7, 28n, 70–75 butyrate, 88 buy-one-get-one-free deals, 283 C-reactive protein, 160 Cabo Verde, 286 caesarean delivery, 214n caffeine, 198, 199 calcium, 85, 120, 191, 195 Caldwell, Carlyle ‘Corky’, 21 calories, 4–5, 38, 40, 92 artificial sweeteners, 23 energy-dense foods, 66, 176–7, 271, 301 exercise and, 122–36 regulation system, 102–8 restriction of, 54 UPF, 10, 11, 32, 36, 45, 48, 57, 58, 65–6, 72, 90 Cambridge University, 59, 107, 125, 252, 291 Cameroon, 286 Campbell Soup Company, 65 Canada, 6, 80, 106, 151 Cancer Research UK, 296 cancer, 6, 9, 45, 60, 189, 216, 218, 227, 232, 267 Cannon, Geoffrey, 119n canola oil, 28 Cant, Alasdair, 148, 167 Carb Killa, 154, 155 carbohydrates, 43, 109, 111–17 carbon dioxide, 80, 81, 260, 263, 272 carbon, 80, 81–2, 85 carbon-chain saturation, 24 carboxymethylcellulose, 211, 217–19, 302 cardiovascular disease, 61, 62, 137, 189, 231 Cargill, 142, 277, 295 Carmody, Rachel, 88–9 Carney, Mark, 282, 283 carnivores, 85 carotenoids, 188 Carr, Allen, 11, 153 carrageenan, 15, 22 cattle, 85–8, 92, 99, 190, 215, 274 Cell Metabolism, 34 cells, 1–3 cellulose, 87 Center for Science in the Public Interest, 112 Central African Republic, 286 Centre for Industrial Rheology, 23 Centre for Social Justice, 296 Centre for the Study of the Senses, 180 Cereal Partners Worldwide, 64 Chad, 286 Change4 Life, 205 Channel 4 News, 125 Chauvin, Derek, 245 cheese, 46 Cheeselets, 254 Cheetos, 299 chemotherapy, 267 chewing, 174–5, 177, 183, 272 chewing gum, 212 Chi-Med, 285 Chicago, Illinois, 93, 130 chicken, 261–2, 264 chicken nuggets, 159 Chile, 299 chimpanzees, 3, 46, 89n, 100 China, 61, 247, 268, 291 chlorine, 81n, 85 chlorine dioxide, 229 cholecystokinin, 105n Christianity, 101 Chukotka, Russia, 186n cigarettes, see smoking CIMMYT, 65 cinnamon, 185n Citigroup, 276 climate change, 6, 255–68, 272 Clooney, George, 290 Clostridium difficile, 221 coal, 69–75, 90 cobalt, 85 Coca-Cola, 101n, 120, 121, 158, 187, 198–202, 283–4 cocaine and, 198 plastic waste, 267–8 research funding, 133–6, 295, 296 sugar in, 198–202 cocaine, 164, 166, 198, 199 Coco Pops, 30–31, 37, 38–40, 48, 172, 173 cocoa mass, 31 coconut fat, 29 coconut palms, 258 cod liver oil, 97 Code, The, 290 Colloid and Polymer Science, 71 Columbian exchange, 255n Compass Group/Chartwells UK, 297 Compass, 296 Conagra, 295 conflicts of interest, 64, 132–6, 178–9 Congo region, 118, 286 constipation, 157 Co-operative Group, 159, 205n, 264 copper, 85 Cordara, Roderick, 252, 254 corn, 21, 118, 225–6, 228, 229–30, 273 Corn Oil ONE, 225–6, 228, 229–30 coronary thrombosis, 45 cortisol, 143 cost-of-living crisis (2022–), 17–18 Costa Coffee, 140, 217, 297, 301 Costa Ferreira, Paula, 241, 243 Costcutter, 205n Côte d’Ivoire, 286 cottonseed oil, 27, 28 Covid-19 pandemic, 147 cows, see cattle COZ corn oil, 225–6, 228, 229–30 Cranswick’s, Hull, 264 Crawley, Helen, 295 Cream o’ Galloway, 19 Creed, Greg, 247 Crisco, 28 Crohn’s disease, 62, 216, 219 Crunchy Nut Clusters, 52 cyclamate, 201 Da Costa Louzada, Maria, 159–60, 301, 303 damascenone, 188 dandruff, 90 Danone, 65, 179, 201, 281, 282, 286, 292, 295, 296, 297 DATEM, 208, 211–13, 302 Davis, Clara, 46, 93–9 De Graaf, Kees, 178 Death in the Pot (Accum), 46 death, 6, 7, 47, 62, 189 Degesch, 73 dehydration, 198 delayed gratification, 148–9 Deliveroo, 297 Deltas, 254 dementia, 7, 62, 189 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 286 Denmark, 191 Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), 124, 132 Department of Agriculture (US), 112, 189 depression, 62, 132, 227, 233 Deutsche Fettsäure Werke, 70 diabetes, 35, 62, 110, 198, 201–4, 216, 218, 220, 227, 241 Diabetes UK, 296 diacetyl, 70–71 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 164 diamorphine, 164 Dicken, Sam, 59–64, 66, 152 Dickinsonia costata, 83–4 diet experiments Hall, 55–9, 66, 175–6 Taubes, 112–15 van Tulleken, 35–7, 66, 102, 152–63 digestion ponds, 212 dimethylpolysiloxane, 244 diphosphates, 151 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 2–3, 85 dogs, 184–5 dolphins, 197 Domino’s Pizza, 247n dopamine, 105n, 156n Dorito Effect, The (Schatzker), 187 Doritos, 52, 251, 254 dose-dependent effects, 60 doubly labelled water sub-studies, 126–7, 129–30 Dr Pepper, 299 dreams, 156 dryness, 176 Duke University, 129 DuPont, 212–13, 229 Dusty Knuckle Potato Sourdough, 174 dysbiosis, 216–17, 234 dyspepsia, 62 E numbers, 210, 211, 244 Easy Way to Stop Smoking, The (Carr), 11, 153 eating, 4, 76, 79–99 first age of, 76, 79–83 second age of, 83–90, 100 third age of, 90–99, 108 emotional problems and, 147 instinct, 92–99 speed of, 177–8 Ebersole, Kara, 130 ecstasy, 68 edamame, 240, 261 Ediacara Hills, South Australia, 84 Edmonton, Alberta, 106 Egypt, ancient, 101 electrons, 82 elephants, 100 emulsifiers, 15, 17, 18, 19, 36, 154, 155, 160, 211 microbiome and, 217–19, 271, 272–3 endocrine system, 104, 108, 131, 272 Endres, John, 233 energy density, 66, 176–7, 271, 301 Eno, 285 Environmental Protection Agency (US), 212 environmental, social and governance (ESG), 278, 282 enzymes, 25, 26, 27n, 81n, 85, 86, 89 epilepsy, 116 Equatorial Guinea, 286 European Food Information Council, 66 European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 113 European Union (EU), 210, 233–4 Evonik Industries, 73 exercise, 122–36 Exercise is Medicine campaign, 133, 134, 136 Faber, Emmanuel, 282 Fahlberg, Constantin, 90 Fanta, 299 Fardet, Anthony, 171 Farooqi, Sadaf, 107 fats, 24–9, 43 hydrogenation, 26–7, 33, 231, 246 RBD (Refined, Bleached & Deodorized), 28–9 weight gain and, 110 fatty acids, 188–9 fatty liver disease, 62 feedback systems, 104, 108 Feingold, Ben, 209 FermaSure XL, 229 fertilisers, 257 fertility, 27, 131, 155, 227, 230, 233, 272 fibre, 55, 57, 60, 87, 155, 157, 171, 189, 215 Fidelity, 281 Finland, 175 First Steps Nutrition, 205, 295 fish oil, 47 Fisher, Franz, 69 Fitness Industry Association, 205n Five Guys, 140 fizzy drinks, 120–21 Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) 232 flavour; flavouring, 180–92, 193–207 enhancers, 193–4, 209–10 Fletcher, Paul, 163 Flössner, Otto, 71–2, 75 Floyd, George, 245 fluorine, 81n, 85 Food Additives Amendment (US, 1958), 227 Food and Drug Administration (US), 210, 225–32 food deserts/swamps, 139–40, 142–4 Food Foundation, 17–18 food matrix, 171, 191, 271 Food Standards Agency (UK), 40n, 210, 292 food waste, 128 FooDB database, 189 Forde, Ciarán, 64–5, 178–9 ‘forever chemicals’, 212 frailty, 62 France, 17, 60 free school meals, 142 Freeze Pops, 15 fried chicken, 245 Friedman, Milton, 282 Froneri, 279–81 Frosties, 299–300 fruit, 183 concentrate, 157 Gabon, 286 Galilei, Galileo, 109, 117 Gambia, 286 garlic, 189 Gearhardt, Ashley, 165 General Mills, 65 generally recognized as safe (GRAS), 228, 229, 230, 232 genes; genome, 1–3, 126, 138, 144–5, 147, 148, 177 Germany, 17, 68–75, 90–91 Ghana, 246–7, 286 ghrelin, 105n Gibney, Mike, 64 gingerbread men, 251 Global Energy Balance Network, 123, 133 glucose, 15, 31 glutamate, 193, 195 glycerine, 17, 18 ‘Good Cook, The’ (Olney), 44 Google, 140 Gordon, Aubrey, 50n Göring, Hermann, 71 gossypol, 27 Greece, ancient, 101 Greenland, 80 Greenpeace, 298 Greggs, 140, 302 Grenade, 154, 155 Grocer, The, 151 Growing Up in Singapore, 177 GSK, 285 Gü, 156n guanylate, 193, 195, 196 guar gum, 15, 17, 19, 22 Guardian, 245 Guinea, 286 Guinea Bissau, 286 gums, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 220, 272 Hackney Gelato, 15, 16 Hadean period, 79–80 Hadza people, 129–32 haem iron, 192 Haleon, 285 Hall, Kevin, 32, 34, 35, 51, 53–9, 60, 63, 106–7, 113, 168, 172 diet experiments, 55–9, 66, 175–6 Haribo, 52 Harper’s Weekly, 28n Hart, Paul, 16–29, 33, 66–7, 154, 188, 189, 206, 275–6 Harvard University, 88, 109, 114, 116, 159, 175, 231 Harvest Frost, MV, 240 heart disease, see cardiovascular disease Heath, Allister, 125 heavy water, 127 hedonic overdrive, 107 height, 8, 191 Heinz, 23, 158 Helicobacter pylori, 218 Hellmann’s, 23, 36 Henderson, Earl, 94–8 Henkel, Hugo, 70 herbicides, 257 herbivores, 85–8 heroin, 164, 199 Hershey, 295 Hervey, G.

pages: 139 words: 47,747

The Pleasure of My Company
by Steve Martin
Published 1 Oct 2003

“But there was no way I could see it until we were married,” she went on. “He’s borderline; that’s what I figured. A belligerent narcissist. He needs help, but of course why would someone seek help if one of their symptoms is thinking everyone else is wrong? I think I’m a narcissist, too. I’ve got a lot of symptoms. Four out of six in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.” I didn’t know what she was talking about. It seemed to me that “Chris” was simply a violent son of a bitch. But I didn’t have to live with him. If I had to justify someone to myself, I, too, would throw a lot of words at him. The more words I could ascribe, the more avenues of understanding I would have.

pages: 147 words: 6,471

Asperger Syndrome and Alcohol: Drinking to Cope?
by Matthew Tinsley and Sarah Hendrickx
Published 31 May 2008

Available at www.addaction.org.uk/Briefing-financialcostsofaddiction.pdf, accessed on 11 April 2008. Alcohol Concern (2006a) ‘Impact of alcohol problems on the workplace.’ Acquire Information and Research Bulletin, Winter Edition, pp.i–vii. Alcohol Concern (2006b) Alcohol Treatment Outcomes and Options. London: Alcohol Concern. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Aston, M. (2003) Asperger’s in Love. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Attwood, T. (2006) The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Barnard, J. Harvey, V., Prior, A. and Potter, D. (2001) Ignored or Ineligible?

pages: 476 words: 134,735

The Unpersuadables: Adventures With the Enemies of Science
by Will Storr
Published 1 Jan 2013

Holman Foundation 118 chemotherapy 35, 93 Chibnall, Albert 256, 257 chick-sexers 186–87 childhood abuse 165–72, 173–75, 176–78, 179 sexual 145, 146, 156–57, 162, 180 children 75 China 83 Christ Church, Oxford 200, 201 Christians 4, 6, 7, 133, 134 condemnation of homosexuality 14–15, 18 morality 15–16, 122 see also creationists Churchill, Winston 208, 235, 249, 250 Clancy, Susan 50 climate-change sceptics 200, 203–204, 216 Clinic for Dissociative Studies 171 Clinton, Hilary 118 Coan, Chris 166–67 Coan, Jim 166–67 cochlear implants 78 cognitive bias 85, 87–88, 90–91, 103–104, 111, 183, 186, 244, 272 see also confirmation bias cognitive dissonance 84–87, 96, 102, 181 coin toss tests 262 Colapinto, John 312 cold war 149, 212, 215 Coleman, Ron 136–37, 141, 146, 148, 157, 162, 186, 306 colour, perception of 80 Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) 275 Communists 212, 222, 249–50 con artists 107 concentration camps 220–21, 224, 230, 245 confabulation 189–90, 192–96, 203, 207, 218, 253, 307, 315 confirmation bias 85, 87, 96, 181, 182, 188, 221, 243, 246, 312 consciousness 267–68 as Hero-Maker 306 conviction, unconscious 33 Conway, Martin 201 Cooper, Alice 275 Copenhagen Climate Conference 204 Copenhagen Treaty 2009 216 core beliefs 183 cows, sacred 40 Creation Research 5 Creation Science Foundation 12 creationists 2–10, 13–19, 20, 26, 30, 100, 162, 261, 308, 310 Crick, Francis 258, 268 CSICOP see Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal culture, power of 211, 302 ‘culture heroes’ 311 ‘culture wars’ 30, 309 Daily Mail (newspaper) 225, 228, 232 Daily Telegraph (newspaper) 243–44, 263 Dali, Salvador 275 Darwin, Charles 2, 10, 11, 94 Davenas, Elisabeth 110–11 Dawkins, Richard 2, 6, 10, 19, 94, 142, 259, 261, 271, 272, 287, 290, 308 DDT 211 de-individuation 69 deafness 78, 82 decision-making 181, 267 and emotion 184–85, 189 dehumanization 69–70 delusions 103–104, 130, 178–79, 182, 272 finding evidence for 135 and Morgellons 120 of parasitosis (DOP) 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 162 democracy, end of 216 Demon-Marker function 308–309 depression 33, 43, 45, 128, 141, 148 Dermatologic Therapy (journal) 128 development factors 183 Devil, Australia see Gympie Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 143, 144 dialogue-ing 149, 151–52 Diana, Princess of Wales 286 diazepam (Valium) 42 dinosaurs 13, 19 Dog World (magazine) 293–94 dogma 106–107, 258 domestic abusers 89 DOP (delusions of parasitosis) 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 162 dopamine 155, 196 doubt 133, 257 sensitivity to 261 dragons 13 dreaming 193, 195 lucid 76 drunkenness, cultural determinants of 83–84 DSM see Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Eagleman, David 74, 79, 80, 185, 186, 192, 193, 268–69 eccentricity 310 Economist, The (weekly publications) 312 Eden 14 Eden, Anthony 208 Edward V111 208 ‘effectance motive’ 184 ego 224 dream 195 ego-bolstering, unconscious 96, 103, 181 egoists 88, 196 Eichmann, Adolf 245 Einstein, Albert 201, 285 Eliade, Mircea 302 emotions 183, 184–85, 187, 194, 305 and beliefs 188, 189, 196–97 culturally unique 83 and decision-making 184, 185, 187 see also anger; happiness energy clean 25 Enfield Gazette (newspaper) 280 Enfield Poltergeist case 280 Enlightenment 255 envy 218 epinephrine 189–90 Epley, Nicholas 88 escapology 273–74 ESP see extrasensory perception Ethics Committee of the Federal Australian Medical Association 39 European Union (EU) 212 European Union Parliament House 234 Evans, Dylan 83 Evans, Richard 224 Eve 5, 12 Eve, Mitochondrial 73 Everett, Daniel 312 evidence, denial of 221, 261 evil psychology of 69–70, 307–308 ‘supremely good’ motivations for 89 evolution 73 arguments against 2–7, 10–13 arguments for 19–20, 100–101 experimental psychology 88, 101, 142, 316 extrasensory perception (ESP) 255, 266, 274, 294 alien 24 sense of ‘being stared at’ 254–55, 258, 262 facts and belief 183 inefficiency 26 fairies 83 faith, as journey 21, 134 false memories 156, 165–70, 173–74, 178, 194 familiar, the, attraction to 183 ‘fan death’ 83 Fate magazine 281 fear 203, 205, 206 Feinberg, Todd E. 82 Felstead, Anthony 160, 164 Felstead, David 159–60, 164, 171, 175, 176 Felstead, Joan 164 Felstead, Joseph 160, 161, 164, 165 Felstead, Kevin 160, 161, 164 Felstead, Richard 159–160, 164, 176–77 Felstead family 163, 165, 166, 168, 170, 176 Festinger, Leon 85, 188 Financial Service Act 214 First World War 231 Fisher, Fleur 161, 163, 165, 166, 176, 307 Flim Flam (Randi, 1982) 271, 279, 288, 295 Flood, biblical 14 fMRI see Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging foetal development 74 fossil record 10, 13–14, 19, 101 Fourth Annual Morgellons Conference 121–28 Fox, Kate 84 Franklin, Wilbur 282, 293 free will 193, 217, 307 as confabulation 193 French Assembly 204 French, Chris 50, 104, 108, 169, 173, 288, 315 French Revolution 204 Freud, Sigmund 171, 302 Frith, Chris 70, 77, 206, 315 Fromyhr, Liam 13 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 71 fundamentalists 261 Garvey, James 203, 218 Gates, Bill 212 Gazzaniga, Michael 184, 190–92 Geertz, Clifford 75 Geller, Uri 99, 275, 280, 281, 287, 288, 290, 293 genes 221 genetic factors 205 and beliefs 221 and political attitude 205 and schizophrenia 145, 154 genome 205, 206 Genus Epidemicus 115 George, St, and the dragon 13 ghost-hunters 21 ghosts 104 Gilovich, Thomas 86 Gindis, Alec 277, 278 global financial crisis 213 global governance 216–217 global warming 203 gnomes 83 God 17, 202, 305 Catholic interpretations of 21 and creation 3, 4, 5–6, 10 creation of 26 Darwin’s arguments against the existence of 11 deference to 18 existence of as scientifically testable 11 knowableness of 11, 22 and morality 15 see also anti-God rhetoric Goebbels, Joseph 230, 232, 239, 245 Goenka, S.N. 57, 60, 61–63, 306 Goldacre, Ben 97 Göring, Hermann 232 Gottschall, Martin 25–26 Gottschall, Sheryl 26 governance, models of 217 Gray, Honourable Mr Justice 221, 223 Gray, John 81 Great Rift Valley 74 ‘greys’ (aliens) 23, 33 group psychology 69, 88, 197 conformity to group pressure 70, 72 and the production of evil 70 Guardian (newspaper) 6 Gururumba tribe 83 Gympie, Australia 2–7, 10, 14, 16, 22, 33–53 gympie-gympie tree 2, 19 Hahnemann, Samuel 96, 115 Haidt, Honathan 83, 184, 193, 194–95, 205, 216–17, 315 Hale, Rob 172 hallucinations 82 auditory 137, 139, 141, 144, 145 see also voice-hearing visual 152 halo effect 84 Ham, Ken 12 happiness, and religious belief 197 ‘hard problem, the’ 267 Harrow 209 Harvard University 28–29, 30, 50, 285 Hawthorne Effect 107 hearing, sense of 262 Hearing Voices Network (HVN) 137, 140–41, 154, 162 Hebard, Arthur 279, 280, 295 Hebb, Donald 266 herbal remedies 36 Hercules 302 hero, the, how your memory rebuilds you as 194, 231 hero narratives 302–303, 306–309, 311–13 parasite 307, 312 Hero-Maker 306–307, 310–311, 312, 314 Heydrich, Reinhard 245 Himmler, Heinrich 235 Himmler bunker 236, 245 Hitler, Adolf 228, 231, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 151–52 Hitler Youth 204 Hitler’s bunker 238 HIV 207 see also AIDS HMS Edinburgh (ship) 231 Hoefkens, Gemma 92–95, 96–97, 115–16, 141, 142, 181, 310 Holocaust denial 155, 221, 226, 229–30, 243, 244 Homeopathic Research Institute 109 homeopathy 94–102, 105–107, 109–121, 134, 181, 269, 277, 278 evidence for 106–114, 121, 134, 269 ‘overdose’ protest against 96, 99, 105, 108–109 ‘radionic’ method 115 Homerton Hospital 132 hominins 74 Homo sapiens 73 homophobia 188 homosexuality 137 Christian condemnation of 14–15, 18 Horsey, Richard 186 Horst Wessel Song (Nazi Party anthem) 239 House of Commons Science and Technology Committee 94 Hrab, George 108 Hume, David 203 Humphrey, Nicholas 43 Huntington’s disease testing 197 HVN see Hearing Voices Network hypnotherapy and false memory generation 166 and past-life regression 44–45, 47 hypnotism 189 ‘I’, sense of 194, 196, 258 IBS seeirritable bowel syndrome Iceland 83 identity 203 ideology 272 Illuminati 286–87, 288, 304 imitation 206 immigration 206, 223 Mexican 223 in-groups 84, 133 incest 168 information field 257, 266 INSERM 200 110 intelligence, and cognitive bias 224 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 216 International Academy of Classical Homeopathy 277 Internet 112 intuition 187, 216, 238 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 43 Irving, David 269, 307, 308, 209, 333–335, 344, 345 Irving, John 219, 221, 238, 244 Irving, Nicholas 243 itch disorders 117–119 see also Morgellons Jackson, Peter 312 James, William 106 James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) 99, 260, 275, 276, 290, 294 jealousy, sexual 64, 66, 104 Jesus 142 knowableness of 11 Jewish Chronicle (newspaper) 230 Jews 221, 230, 231, 244–51, 253, 309 see also Holocaust denial Josefstadt Prison, Vienna 220 Journal of the American Medical Association 41 Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 113–114 Journal of Philosophical Studies 182 JREF see James Randi Educational Foundation Jutland, Battle of 231 Kahneman, Daniel 184, 303 Kaku, Michio 27 Kaptchuk, Ted 43 Keegan, Sir John 243–44 Keen, Montague 284 Keen, Veronica 283–88, 304 Kerry, John 87 KGB 212, 215 Kilstein, Vered 44–51, 53, 168, 305–306 King’s Cross station 136 ‘koro’ 83 Krepel, Scott 78 Krippner, Stanley 288–89, 295 Krupp 233 Kuhn, Deanna 86 Los Angeles LA Times (newspaper) 118 LaBerge, Stephen 76, 195 Labour Party 210 Lancet (journal) 109, 113 Langham, Chris 171 Lawrence, Stephen 236 Lebanese people 223 left, political 204–207, 211, 215 Leitao, Mary 118 Leitao’s Morgellons Research Foundation 118 Lemoine, Patrick 42 Lennon, John 49 Letwin, Oliver 214 Leuchter, Fred 229 Leviticus 14 Lewis, Andy 109, 114 Lipstadt, Deborah 221, 224, 243, 246, 309 Literary and Scientific Institutions Act 1854 210 Lo, Nathan 19–20, 22, 30, 100, 308 Loftus, Elizabeth 166, 173 love 44, 59 memories of 63, 133 Lucifer 4 see also Satan McCain, John 118 McCullock, Kay 23–25 McDonald’s 67–68, 84 Mack, John E. 28–30, 51, 102–103, 142, 145, 272, 284–85 Mackay, Glennys 22–23, 30, 33 Mackay, John 1, 4–6, 1–11, 15–20, 30, 33, 53, 91, 100, 109, 182, 305, 306, 308 MacLeish, Eric 29 Maddox, Sir John 271, 287 magic-makers 7 magnetometers 279 Majdanek concentration camp 224, 230 Mameli, Matteo 182 manic depression 141 Mann, Nick 130–31, 134, 162 Marianna, Dame of Malta 208 Marshall, Michael ‘Marsh’ 105–109 Marxists 210 ‘matchbox sign’ 124 materialism 256, 257–58, 259, 260–1, 266, 268–69 May, Rufus 148–49, 156, 182, 196, 304 meditation, Buddhist 52–53, 62, 182, 196 Meffert, Jeffrey 120 Mein Kampf (Hitler) 232, 233, 242 memory autobiographical 194 fallibility of 201 see also false memories; recovered- memory therapy mental illness 137, 141, 146, 147, 165 as continuum 147 depression 33, 42–43, 45, 89, 100, 120, 148, 197 manic depression 141 multiple personality disorder 165, 171, 173–74 obsessive compulsive disorder 128 sectioning 137, 140, 161 see also psychosis; schizophrenia mental models 76, 85, 87, 90, 102, 133, 142, 147, 183, 302, 303, 316 meta-analysis 112, 146, 157, 262, 267 Metzinger, Thomas 195 Mexican immigration 223 micro-stories 206 Milgram, Stanley 70–71 mind and the brain 255, 257–58, 266–67 as ‘out there’ 267 theory of 303 miners’ strike (mid-1980s) 212, 214–15 Mitchell, Joni 118 mites, tropical rat 132, 135 ‘Mitochondrial Eve’ 73 Moll, Albert 189 Monckton, Christopher Walter, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley 200, 203–205, 207–16, 218, 304, 305, 309, 310 Monckton, Major General Gilbert, 2nd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley 208 morality 193, 202 Christian 15 Morgellons 118–35, 162, 307 see also Fourth Annual Morgellons Conference, Austin, Texas morphine 41 Mosley, Sir Oswald 232 Mragowo 233 multiple personality disorder 165, 171, 173–74 murder, past-life 44, 48 murderers 89 Murray, Robin 183 Myers (formerly Felstead), Carole 159–61, 163–66, 168, 171–73, 176–80, 307 myoclonic jerk 195 myth 302, 304, 312–313 narratives hero 302–303, 306–14 master 206 nation state, end of 216 National Front 234, 305 National Health Service (NHS) 94, 148, 171 National Secular Society 5 National Union of Teachers 5 Native Americal tradition 186 Natural History Museum 132 natural selection 10 Nature (journal) 110–11, 257, 271, 287, 304 Nazi Party (German) 220, 239 Nazis 48, 89, 231, 239 Neanderthals 26 necrophilia 12, 18 neurological studies 87 neurons 74–75, 220, 253, 267 neuroscience 142 New Guinea 83 New Science of Life, A (Sheldrake) 256–57 New Scientist (journal) 257–266 New York Times (newspaper) 72, 120, 271, 272 New Yorker (magazine) 268, 312 Nix, Walte, Jr. 68 Noah 3, 5, 13, 14 Novella, Steven 107, 112, 120, 135, 272, 287, 309 Oaklander, Anne Louise 129–130 Oatley, Keith 303 Obama, Barack 118, 286 obedience studies 84 Observer (newspaper) 222, 257 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 128, 147 Oedipus 302 Offer, Daniel 194 Ogborn, Louise 67–68, 70, 84 Olsen, Clarence W. 82 openness 205 Origin of Species, The (Darwin) 2, 4 original sin 3 Orkney 166 ‘other people’, judgement of 67 out-groups 69, 105 Oxford Union 203, 207, 218 paedophilia 15 pain perception of 41 and the placebo effect 41, 42–43 palm reading 105 paranoia 30, 64, 150, 154, 178, 180 parapsychology 261–62, 265–67, 269, 279, 280, 287 past-life regression (PLR) 44–45, 47, 53, 168, 170 Patanjali Yog Peeth Trust 31 Paul McKenna Show, The (TV show) 263 Pearson, Michele 119 penis ‘koro’ effect 83 phantom 82 Penn and Teller 271, 290 perception and the brain 72, 76 of pain 41 and the placebo effect 41, 42, 43 of reality 27, 72, 76–77, 80, 81 see also extra-sensory perception peripeteia 303 Perkins, David 244 personality disorder 165 see also multiple personality disorder pesticides 211 Peter March’s Traveling Circus 274 Peters, Maarten 50 ‘phantom limbs’ 82 ‘Pagasus’ awards 260, 276, 288 Pirahã tribe 312 placebo effect 41–43, 45–46, 50–51, 53, 72, 107, 113, 134 and homeopathy 107, 113, 134 Playfair, Guy Lyon 280–82, 287, 293 political affiliation 205 political beliefs, and self-interest 217 political left 204, 206, 210, 211 political right 204, 205 Polonia Palace Hotel, Warsaw 219 poltergeists 280 Popoff, Peter 288 power, leftwing 211–12 Power, Joe 105, 106 ‘Pranayama’ (breath control) 32–36, 38, 40, 41, 45, 56, 134, 196 prefrontal cortex 73 prejudice 29, 53, 84, 86, 90, 100, 181, 248, 305 Pressman, Zev 280–82, 286, 288, 295 prophets 307 Prozac 42 psi phenomena 265–66 see also parapsychology psychiatry 28–29, 42, 71, 120, 130, 136, 137, 140–41, 142–43, 145–46, 150, 152, 162, 183, 189 psychic powers 253 animals with 258, 260, 261, 265, 266 testing 253, 258, 260, 263, 274, 279–80 psychics 98, 104 psychology of evil 69–70, 105, 243, 307 experimental 88, 101, 142, 316 parapsychology 261–62, 265, 266, 267, 269, 280, 287 situational 69 see also schizophrenia 157, 180, 310 Puthoff, Harold 279, 280 racism 104, 221, 223, 229, 305 radiotherapy 35, 401 Ramachandran, V.S. 75, 81, 82 Ramdev, Swami 31–41, 43, 134, 182, 306 Randi, Angela 291 Randi, James 98–99, 107, 108, 109–110, 112, 260–61, 269, 270, 271–98, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313 blindness to his own cognitive biases 272 childhood 273 death threats 275, 306 early adult life 274 emotional problems 292 homosexuality 292 interview with the author 291–98 psychic challenge prize 99, 260, 272, 276, 277, 278, 289 social Darwinism 296, 297 views on drug users 296–97 see also James Randi Educational Foundation Rank, Otto 302 Rasputin study 88, 103 rationalists, radicalised 9 reality, perceptions of 27, 72, 76–77, 80, 81, 91 ‘reality monitoring’, errors in 50 reason 26 inefficacy of 26–27 as not enough 309 recovered-memory therapy (RMT) 166, 170, 173, 176 Rees, Laurence 311 ‘regression to the mean’ 45 religious belief, and happiness 197 religious conversion mechanisms of 8 repression 169 right, political 204–207 Robertson, Shorty Jangala 300 robots, alien 23, 33 Rogo, Scott 279 Romme, Marius 137, 140, 143–45, 148, 154, 155 Rosenbaum, Ron 245 Royal College of Psychiatry 154 Royal Free Hospital, Camden 136, 139 Royal Institute of Philosophy 203 Royal Society 5 saccades 79 sacredness, irrationality surrounding 217 Sagan, Carl 266 Santayana, George 209 Satan 18 see also Lucifer santanic abuse 165–66, 168–70, 174–75, 177, 180 Saucer Smear magazine 281 Savely, Ginger 126, 127, 130 Schizophrenia 51, 136–37, 140, 141, 143, 145, 148, 150, 154, 162, 169, 178, 183, 309 as salience disorder 183 Schlitz, Marilyn 262 Schmidt, Stefan 262, 265 Schwartz, Gary 287, 188–89 science 8–9, 95–96, 255–59, 268, 273, 310 scientific method 305 Scientologists 155 sectioning 137, 140 Secular Student Alliance 290 Seeman, Mary 120 Segal, Stanley S. 172 self ideal 148, 313 multiple selves model 147 senses 77–91, 190, 196, 258 sensory deprivation 78 sexism, unconscious 86 sexual abuse 145, 146, 156–57, 162, 180 sexual assault 145–46 sexual jeaoulsy 64, 66, 104, 212 Shang, Aijing 112, 113–14 Sheldrake, Rupert 255–61, 262–70, 272–73, 276–77, 287, 289, 293–94, 307 Shermer, Michael 102 Silent Spring, The (Carson) 211 sin 17–18, 61, 66, 189 original 2 Sinason, David 171, 175, 179 Sinason, Valerie 170, 171, 178, 180, 304 Singer, Peter 304 situational psychology 69 Skeptic, The (magazine) 104, 108, 169, 271, 288 Skeptics 9, 95–112, 115, 120–21, 134, 142, 162, 260, 265, 271–73, 276–79, 290–91, 298, 309–310, 313–14 and Morgellons 134 and psi phenomenon 265–66, 279 and Sheldrake 260 ‘The Amazing Meeting’ of 290 see also Randi, James sleep 195 smell, sense of 184 Smith, Greg 122, 124, 130, 131 social Darwinism 296, 297 social roles, and the production of evil 69–70, 105 socialism 212 Sorel, George 304 ‘source-monitoring error’ 50 South Koreans 83 Soviet Union 212 sprinal tumours 129 spirituality 26 ‘split-brain’ patients 190–92 spoon-benders 98 spotlight effect 89 Stalin, Joseph 234 Stanford Prison Experiment 69–70 Stern Review 310 Stipe, Catherine 6 storytelling 183, 188, 189, 192, 194, 302, 206, 207, 312 see also confabulation; narratives ‘strip-search scams’ 68–69, 84 stroke patients 82 suicidal ideation 147 suicide 144 and voice-hearing 151, 154 Summers, Donna 67 survival of the fittest 3, 296–97 taboo violation scenarios, harmless 194 Targ, Russel 279, 280 Tavris, Carol 84, 88, 194, 243 Tea Party movement 204204 telepathy 257–59, 266, 269, 280 terrorism 9 Thatcher, Margaret 174, 204, 208, 212, 215 theft 66, 104 theory of mind 303 therapy 45, 169 group 133 placebo effect 45 This American Life (US radio show) 78 Thyssen 233 Time magazine 102 Times, The (newspaper) 263 ‘tjukurpas’ (Aboriginal stories) 275 Toronto Evening Telegram (newspaper) 274 Toronto Star (newspaper) 293 totalitarianism 216 Tournier, Alexander 109, 112, 113 traumatic experience repression 166 and voice-hearing 137, 139–41, 143–45, 148–49, 150–58 tribalism 84–85, 133, 171, 196, 217 truth 218 coherence theory of 218 and group pressure 44–45 and storytelling 312–13 Turing, Alan 266 Turner, Trevor 154–57, 162, 169, 178 twin studies 205 UFOs 22–27, 29–30, 272, 308 UK Independence Party (UKIP) 204 Ullman, Dana 107, 112, 309 Ultimate Psychic Challenges, The (TV Show) 284 unconscious 33, 44, 58–59, 60, 41–42, 183–88, 194, 269–70, 304 United Nations (UN) 216, 304 US Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 119 Vipassana Meditation Centre 52–53, 55, 57, 70 vision 79–80, 92–93, 96 Vithoulkas, George 99, 277–79, 295–96 voice-hearing 136–45, 148–59, 162, 169, 180 Wade, Kimberly 168–69 Warren, Jeff 76 Washington Post (newspaper) 120, 328, 344 water dreaming 300 Watson, Rebecca 107 ‘we mode’ 70 Wegner, Daniel 193, 331 welfare state 209–10 Western, Drew 87, 204, 206–7 Western medicine, disillusionment with 36, 39–40, 182, 306 Wexler, Bruce E. 75, 183, 185, 303 ‘wild pig, being a’ 83 Wilson, David Sloan 304 Wilson, Timothy D. 81 Wired (magazine) 271 Wiseman, Richard 259–66, 271–72, 287, 290, 335–37 Wolpert, Lewis 183–84, 189, 259, 313 Wootton, David 42 wormholes 27 Wymore, Randy 121–22, 124, 126, 128 yoga 31–39 Yuendumu 299–300 Zimbardo, Philip 68–70, 72, 104 WILL STORR is a novelist and longform journalist.

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Competition Overdose: How Free Market Mythology Transformed Us From Citizen Kings to Market Servants
by Maurice E. Stucke and Ariel Ezrachi
Published 14 May 2020

,” May 9, 2017, https://hackernoon.com/how-much-time-do-people-spend-on-their-mobile-phones-in-2017-e5f90a0b10a6; see also Xavier Carbonell et al., “Problematic Use of the Internet and Smartphones in University Students: 2006–2017,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3 (March 2018): 475, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030475. 23.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines and classifies mental disorders in order to improve diagnoses, treatment, and research. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 5th ed. (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing), accessed April 30, 2019, https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm. 24.Daria J. Kuss and Mark D.

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Ayn Rand Cult
by Jeff Walker
Published 30 Dec 1998

Psychiatrist Allan Blumenthal, who knew Rand intimately for a quarter-century and who was the psychiatric authority among orthodox Objectivists for more than a decade, believes that Rand suffered from a veritable cluster of personality disorders: Paranoid, Borderline, and Narcissistic. For those impressed by the American Psychiatric Association’s ever-more-inclusive Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, one could make a very plausible case from anecdotal materials for Rand being thus afflicted. For those unimpressed by the DSM, the exercise might still give one pause before citing Rand as role model or her philosophy as life-affirming in areas where it seems rather to embody the symptoms of such disorders.

…

Adrian, Cheri. Inside Branden’s Intensive. Reason (December 1977): pp. 27–30. Allen, Jay, ed. The Kelleyite Posts. Internet, 1994. Allen, Steve. The Jesus Cults: A Personal Analysis by the Parent of a Cult Member. Skeptic, vol. 2, no. 2 (1993). American Psychiatric Association. DSM IV: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Anderson, Martin. Revolution: The Reagan Legacy. Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1990. Angeles, Peter A. The HarperCollins History of Philosophy. New York: HarperCollins, 1992. Arbel, Avner, and Albert E.

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Nine Pints: A Journey Through the Money, Medicine, and Mysteries of Blood
by Rose George
Published 22 Oct 2018

He aligned it with other culture-bound syndromes such as one where men imagine their genitals have been sucked up into their bodies by voodoo; or the Indian affliction gilhari, “in which patients arrive at the hospital with swelling on the back of their necks, complaining that a gilhari (a kind of lizard) crawled under their skin.”47 His reasoning for this is that PMS is most likely to be reported by women in western Europe, Australia, and North America, and that “the more time that women of ethnic minorities spend living in the United States, the more likely they are to report PMDD.” Premenstrual dysmorphic disorder is a more severe version of PMS. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the psychiatrists’ bible, now lists four main criteria for PMDD. First, you must have symptoms including marked depression, anxiety, persistent or marked anger, and marked affective lability (e.g., feeling suddenly sad or tearful or experiencing increased sensitivity to rejection).

…

Carney, Scott carrier pigeons Carter, Richard cats, leeching of cauliflower ears, leeching for CBS (Canadian Blood Services) cells, renewal of cellucotton Celsus Center of Science and Technology (COSAT) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centre for Trauma Science Centro Medico François Broussais cervical cancer Chamberlain, Neville Charles I Chase, Sophia chaupadi Chem Fatale chemotherapy era childbirth children with HIV pain management in toxic shock syndrome in chimpanzees China cholera Christian Scientists Churchill, Edward Churchill Bear Laboratory circulation of blood circulatory system CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) Civil War (American) Clarke, Kenneth Clean (Smith) clinical vampirism Clinton, Bill clotting Clue (app) Coga, Arthur Cohn, Edwin Coke, Mildred Colas, Isidore Colbert, Stephen component therapy Condelli, Guy conflict hypothesis about menstruation Continental Pharma Cryosan Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Copeman, Jacob Copland, Jack COSAT (Center of Science and Technology) cow milk Cowper, William Cox, Courtney Coxe, Thomas CPR (Canadian Plasma Resources) Creat cryoprecipitate crystalloid cupping Curse, The (Delaney, Lupton, and Toth) Curtis, Val Cushing, Bruce Cushing, Harvey Cutter Biological Daily Mail Davies, Don Defiance Campaign against Patient Abuse and AIDS Profiteering Denis, Jean-Baptiste Denmark Dera Sacha Sauda Derby Daily Telegraph Deuteronomy Devine, Dana DeVito, Michael Dhal, Muna Dhanvantari Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diggs, Lemuel dioxins in tampons diphtheria discrimination, blood type disgust theory DNA dogs Dolan, Catherine Donohue, Thomas Douglas, Mary DREAMS Drees, Tom Driffield Times Ducat, Roy Duke University Dundee Courier Dunkirk Dunstan, Lady Dupuis, Éloise Durán-Jordà, Frederic ears, amputated Ebola Edin, Kathryn J.

Norco '80: The True Story of the Most Spectacular Bank Robbery in American History
by Peter Houlahan
Published 10 Jun 2019

If an officer felt he needed psychological counseling, the department’s health insurance would cover it, but it had no set policy or contract with any trained psychiatric professionals. In this regard, the RSO was only slightly behind in a profession that had yet to address a condition known about for decades. Earlier that same year, the condition made its first appearance in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders under a new name: posttraumatic stress disorder. Whether referred to as “soldier’s heart,” “combat fatigue,” “shell shock,” or “combat stress reaction,” PTSD was known as far back as ancient times. After a particularly brutal and prolonged campaign, Alexander the Great’s men were said to have mutinied after suffering “battle fatigue.”

…

Greek historian Herodotus wrote of an Athenian spearman named Epizelus who, at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, went blind after the soldier beside him was brutally killed, although the blinded soldier himself “was wounded in no part of his body.” But it was not until the 1980 publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-III, that the psychiatric community clearly acknowledged causal events beyond just military combat. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (309.89) Essential Feature. Characteristic symptoms following a psychological distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience.

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Dirty Work
by Gabriel Weston
Published 5 Jun 2013

I have to watch my manner at all times, give careful attention to the very modulation of my words, look my interrogator in the eye a reasonable amount: all of that. It’s not easy, though. There’s something about this man which provokes me, his sepia clothes, his wiry ankles, his bald determination to categorise me. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders pokes from his hemp bag. I start listening intently and, suddenly, the psychiatrist’s voice seems very loud. ‘… if you had any doubts about whether you’d be able to handle it?’ ‘Sorry?’ ‘I’ll repeat. Were you worried you wouldn’t be able to handle it? I say, is my Scottish accent too much for you?’

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Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us
by Daniel H. Pink
Published 1 Jan 2008

The joy is in the pursuit more than the realization. In the end, mastery attracts precisely because mastery eludes. THE OXYGEN OF THE SOUL The subjects were displaying the warning signs of generalized anxiety disorder, a mental illness that afflicts roughly 3 percent of the adult population. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV ), the presence of any three of the following six symptoms indicates what could be a serious problem: ¥ Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge ¥ Being easily fatigued ¥ Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank ¥ Irritability ¥ Muscle tension ¥ Sleep disturbance These men and women seemed textbook cases.

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How to Read Numbers: A Guide to Statistics in the News (And Knowing When to Trust Them)
by Tom Chivers and David Chivers
Published 18 Mar 2021

The vaccine theories have no evidence to support them – and besides, if a given vaccine caused autism, you’d expect to see spikes in national autism diagnoses shortly after that vaccine’s introduction, and we simply don’t. In fact, no one has been able to find any convincing environmental risk factors for autism; it seems to be mainly a combination of heredity and randomness. So how come autism diagnoses rose so astonishingly quickly? Here’s what seems to have happened.9 The second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II), published in 1952, included no diagnosis of ‘autism’ at all: the word was mentioned solely under childhood schizophrenia. In 1980, the third edition (DSM-III) was released, in which autism was given its own diagnosis; it was described as a ‘pervasive developmental disorder’, rooted in brain development.

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Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World
by Mark Pendergrast
Published 2 Jan 2000

The next year, an epidemiological study appeared to link coffee to pancreatic cancer, triggering widespread media attention and sick jokes about coffee being “good till the last drop dead.” Then a new study purported to link caffeine with the formation of benign breast lumps. Yet another claimed that coffee produced heart arrhythmia, while a Norwegian survey found higher cholesterol levels in heavy coffee drinkers. The 1980 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, bible of the American Psychiatric Association, included “caffeinism” as a diagnosis, making the consumption of too much coffee a bona fide psychiatric disorder. The National Coffee Association moved vigorously to counter the calumnies against its drink, funding more studies and assembling a file of thousands of articles from the medical and scientific literature.

…

There are many anecdotal and clinical reports that drinking too much caffeine can cause problems. The lethal dose for humans is about 10 grams, though it would be virtually impossible to consume that much quickly by drinking coffee, requiring more than one hundred cups. Initial signs of toxicity include vomiting, abdominal cramps, and a racing heartbeat. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) includes caffeine intoxication as a bona fide ailment. Yet moderate caffeine intake has benefits. As Harry Hollingworth found in his 1911 double-blind studies, caffeine can minimally improve motor skills and reaction time while leaving sleep patterns relatively unaffected.

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Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow
by Yuval Noah Harari
Published 1 Mar 2015

It is equally unlikely that he will say, ‘Wonderful! Good for you!’ Instead, no matter what the woman may have done and said, the therapist is most likely to ask in a caring voice, ‘Well, how do you feel about what happened?’ True, the therapist’s bookshelf sags under the weight of Freud, Jung and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Yet these are not holy scriptures. The DSM diagnoses the ailments of life, not the meaning of life. Most psychologists believe that only human feelings are authorised to determine the true meaning of our actions. Hence no matter what the therapist thinks about his patient’s affair, and no matter what Freud, Jung and the DSM think about affairs in general, the therapist should not force his views on the patient.

…

Goode’ 257–61, 358, 387, 388 Bible 46; animal kingdom and 76–7, 93–5; Book of Genesis 76–8, 77, Dataism and 381; 93–4, 97; composition of, research into 193–5; evolution and 102; homosexuality and 192–3, 195, 275; large-scale human cooperation and 174; Old Testament 48, 76; power of shaping story 172–3; scholars scan for knowledge 235–6; self-absorption of monotheism and 173, 174; source of authority 275–6; unique nature of humanity, promotes 76–8 biological poverty line 3–6 biotechnology 14, 43–4, 46, 98, 269, 273, 375 see also individual biotech area Bismarck, Otto von 31, 271 Black Death 6–8, 6, 7, 11, 12 Borges, Jorge Luis: ‘A Problem’ 299–300 Bostrom, Nick 327 Bowden, Mark: Black Hawk Down 255 bowhead whale song, spectrogram of 358, 358 brain: Agricultural Revolution and 156–7, 160; artificial intelligence and 278, 278; biological engineering and 44; brain–computer interfaces 48, 54, 353, 359; consciousness and 105–13, 116, 118–19, 121–4, 125; cyborg engineering and 44–5; Dataism and 368, 393, 395; free will and 282–8; happiness and 37, 38, 41; self and 294–9, 304–5; size of 131, 132; transcranial stimulators and manipulation of 287–90; two hemispheres 291–4 brands 156–7, 159–60, 159, 162 Brezhnev, Leonid 273 Brin, Sergey 28, 336 Buddhism 41, 42, 94, 95, 181, 185, 187, 221, 246, 356 Calico 24, 28 Cambodia 264 Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, 2012 122 capitalism 28, 183, 206, 208–11, 216–17, 218–19, 251–2, 259, 273–4, 369–73, 383–6, 396 see also economics/economy Caporreto, Battle of, 1917 301 Catholic Church 147, 183; Donation of Constantine 190–2, 193; economic and technological innovations and 274; marriage and 26; papal infallibility principle 147, 190, 270–1; Protestant revolt against 185–7; religious intolerance and 198; Thirty Years War and 242, 243, 246; turns from creative into reactive force 274–5 see also Bible and Christianity Ceauçescu, Nicolae 133–4, 134, 135–6, 137 Charlie Hebdo 226 Château de Chambord, Loire Valley, France 62, 62 Chekhov Law 17, 18, 55 child mortality 10, 33, 175 childbirth, narration of 297–8, 297 China 1, 269; biotech and 336; Civil War 263; economic growth and 206, 207, 210; famine in 5, 165–6; Great Leap Forward 5, 165–6, 376; Great Wall of 49, 137–8, 178; liberalism, challenge to 267–8; pollution in 213–14; Taiping Rebellion, 1850–64 271; Three Gorges Dam, building of 163, 188, 196 Chinese river dolphin 188, 196, 395 Christianity: abortion and 189; animal welfare and 90–6; change from creative to reactive force 274–6; economic growth and 205; homosexuality and 192–3, 225–6, 275–6; immortality and 22 see also Bible and Catholic Church Chukwu 47 CIA 57, 160, 293–4 Clever Hans (horse) 128–30, 129 climate change 20, 73, 151, 213, 214–17, 376, 377, 397 Clinton, Bill 57 Clovis, King of France 227, 227 Cognitive Revolution 156, 352, 378 Cold War 17, 34, 149, 206, 266, 372 cold water experiment (Kahneman) 294–5, 338 colonoscopy study (Kahneman and Redelmeier) 296–7 Columbus, Christopher 197, 359, 380 Communism 5, 56, 57, 98, 149, 165, 166, 171, 181; cooperation and 133–7, 138; Dataism and 369, 370–3, 394, 396; economic growth and 206, 207, 208, 217, 218; liberalism, challenge to 264–6, 271–4; religion and 181, 182, 183; Second World War and 263 computers: algorithms and see algorithms; brain–computer interfaces 48, 54, 287, 353, 359; consciousness and 106, 114, 117–18, 119, 120; Dataism and 368, 375, 388, 389 Confucius 46, 267, 391–2; Analects 269, 270 Congo 9, 10, 15, 19, 168, 206, 257–61, 387, 388 consciousness: animal 106–7, 120–32; as biologically useless by-product of certain brain processes 116–17; brain and locating 105–20; computer and 117–18, 119, 120, 311–12; current scientific thinking on nature of 107–17; denying relevance of 114–16; electrochemical signatures of 118–19; intelligence decoupling from 307–50, 352, 397; manufacturing new states of 360, 362–3, 393; positive psychology and 360; Problem of Other Minds 119–20; self and 294–5; spectrum of 353–9, 359, 360; subjective experience and 110–20; techno-humanism and 352, 353–9 cooperation, intersubjective meaning and 143–51, 155–77; power of human 131–51, 155–77; revolution and 132–7; size of group and 137–43 Cope, David 324–5 credit 201–5 Crusades 146–8, 149, 150–1, 190, 227–8, 240, 305 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly 360 customer-services departments 317–18 cyber warfare 16, 17, 59, 309–10 Cyborg 2 (movie) 334 cyborg engineering 43, 44–5, 66, 275, 276, 310, 334 Cyrus, King of Persia 172, 173 Daoism 181, 221 Darom, Naomi 231 Darwin, Charles: evolutionary theory of 102–3, 252, 271, 372, 391; On the Origin of Species 271, 305, 367 data processing: Agricultural Revolution and 156–60; Catholic Church and 274; centralised and distributed (communism and capitalism) 370–4; consciousness and 106–7, 113, 117; democracy, challenge to 373–7; economy and 368–74; human history viewed as a single data-processing system 377–81, 388; life as 106–7, 113, 117, 368, 377–81, 397; stock exchange and 369–70; value of human experience and 387–9; writing and 157–60 see also algorithms and Dataism Dataism 366, 367–97; biological embracement of 368; birth of 367–8; computer science and 368; criticism of 393–5; economy and 368–74; humanism, attitude towards 387–8; interpretation of history and 377–80; invisible hand of the data flow, belief in the 385–7; politics and 370–4, 375–6; power/control over data 373–7; privacy and 374, 384–5; religion of 380–5; value of experience and 387–9 Dawkins, Richard 305 de Grey, Aubrey 24, 25, 27 Deadline Corporation 331 death, 21–9 see also immortality Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, The 308–9 Deep Blue 320, 320 Deep Knowledge Ventures 322, 323 DeepMind 321 Dehaene, Stanislas 116 democracy: Dataism and 373–5, 376, 377, 380, 391, 392, 396; evolutionary humanism and 253–4, 262–3; humanist values and 226–8; liberal humanism and 248–50, 262–7, 268; technological challenge to 306, 307–9, 338–41 Dennett, Daniel 116 depression 35–6, 39, 40, 49, 54, 67, 122–4, 123, 251–2, 287, 357, 364 Descartes, René 107 diabetes 15, 27 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 223–4 Dinner, Ed 360 Dix, Otto 253; The War (Der Krieg) (1929–32) 244, 245, 246 DNA: in vitro fertilisation and 52–4; sequencing/testing 52–4, 143, 332–4, 336, 337, 347–8, 392; soul and 105 doctors, replacement by artificial intelligence of 315, 316–17 Donation of Constantine 190–2, 193 drones 288, 293, 309, 310, 310, 311 drugs: computer-assisted methods for research into 323; Ebola and 203; pharmacy automation and 317; psychiatric 39–41, 49, 124 Dua-Khety 175 dualism 184–5, 187 Duchamp, Marcel: Fountain 229–30, 233, 233 Ebola 2, 11, 13, 203 economics/economy: benefits of growth in 201–19; cooperation and 139–40; credit and 201–5; Dataism and 368–73, 378, 383–4, 385–6, 389, 394, 396, 397; happiness and 30, 32, 33, 34–5, 39; humanism and 230, 232, 234, 247–8, 252, 262–3, 267–8, 269, 271, 272, 273; immortality and 28; paradox of historical knowledge and 56–8; technology and 307–8, 309, 311, 313, 318–19, 327, 348, 349 education 39–40, 168–71, 231, 233, 234, 238, 247, 314, 349 Eguía, Francisco de 8 Egypt 1, 3, 67, 91, 98, 141, 142, 158–62, 170, 174–5, 176, 178–9, 206; Lake Fayum engineering project 161–2, 175, 178; life of peasant in ancient 174–5, 176; pharaohs 158–60, 159, 174, 175, 176; Revolution, 2011 137, 250; Sudan and 270 Egyptian Journalists Syndicate 226 Einstein, Albert 102, 253 electromagnetic spectrum 354, 354 Eliot, Charles W. 309 EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) 324–5 Engels, Friedrich 271–2 Enki 93, 157, 323 Epicenter, Stockholm 45 Epicurus 29–30, 33, 35, 41 epilepsy 291–2 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 207 eugenics 52–3, 55 European Union 82, 150, 160, 250, 310–11 evolution 37–8, 43, 73–4, 75, 78, 79–83, 86–7, 89, 102–5, 110, 131, 140, 150, 203, 205, 252–3, 260, 282, 283, 297, 305, 338, 359, 360, 388, 391 evolutionary humanism 247–8, 252–7, 260–1, 262–3, 352–3 Facebook 46, 137, 340–1, 386, 387, 392, 393 famine 1–6, 19, 20, 21, 27, 32, 41, 55, 58, 166, 167, 179, 205, 209, 219, 350 famine, plague and war, end of 1–21 First World War, 1914–18 9, 14, 16, 52, 244, 245, 246, 254, 261–2, 300–2, 301, 309, 310 ‘Flash Crash’, 2010 313 fMRI scans 108, 118, 143, 160, 282, 332, 334, 355 Foucault, Michel: The History of Sexuality 275–6 France: famine in, 1692–4 3–4, 5; First World War and 9, 14, 16; founding myth of 227, 227; French Revolution 155, 308, 310–11; health care and welfare systems in 30, 31; Second World War and 164, 262–3 France, Anatole 52–3 Frederick the Great, King 141–2 free will 222–3, 230, 247, 281–90, 304, 305, 306, 338 freedom of expression 208, 382, 383 freedom of information 382, 383–4 Freudian psychology 88, 117, 223–4 Furuvik Zoo, Sweden 125–6 Future of Employment, The (Frey/Osborne) 325–6 Gandhi, Indira 264, 266 Gazzaniga, Professor Michael S. 292–3, 295 GDH (gross domestic happiness) 32 GDP (gross domestic product) 30, 32, 34, 207, 262 genetic engineering viii, 23, 25, 41, 44, 48, 50, 52–4, 212, 231, 274, 276, 286, 332–8, 347–8, 353, 359, 369 Germany 36; First World War and 14, 16, 244, 245, 246; migration crisis and 248–9, 250; Second World War and 255–6, 262–3; state pensions and social security in 31 Gilgamesh epic 93 Gillies, Harold 52 global warming 20, 213, 214–17, 376, 377, 397 God: Agricultural Revolution and 95, 96, 97; Book of Genesis and 77, 78, 93–4, 97, 98; Dataism and 381, 382, 386, 389, 390, 393; death of 67, 98, 220, 234, 261, 268; death/immortality and 21, 22, 48; defining religion and 181, 182, 183, 184; evolutionary theory and 102; hides in small print of factual statements 189–90, 195; homosexuality and 192–3, 195, 226, 276; humanism and 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 234–7, 241, 244, 248, 261, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 276, 305, 389, 390–1; intersubjective reality and 143–4, 145, 147–9, 172–3, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189–90, 192–3, 195; Middle Ages, as source of meaning and authority in 222, 224, 227, 228, 235–7, 305; Newton myth and 97, 98; religious fundamentalism and 220, 226, 268, 351; Scientific Revolution and 96, 97, 98, 115; war narratives and 241, 244 gods: Agricultural Revolution and theist 90–6, 97, 98, 156–7; defining religion and 180, 181, 184–5; disappearance of 144–5; dualism and 184–5; Epicurus and 30; humans as (upgrade to Homo Deus) 21, 25, 43–9, 50, 55, 65, 66, 98; humanism and 98; intersubjective reality and 144–5, 150, 155, 156–7, 158–60, 161–3, 176, 178–80, 323, 352; modern covenant and 199–200; new technologies and 268–9; Scientific Revolution and 96–7, 98; spirituality and 184–5; war/famine/plague and 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 19 Google 24, 28, 114, 114, 150, 157, 163, 275, 312, 321, 322, 330, 334–40, 341, 384, 392, 393; Google Baseline Study 335–6; Google Fit 336; Google Flu Trends 335; Google Now 343; Google Ventures 24 Gorbachev, Mikhail 372 Götze, Mario 36, 63 Greece 29–30, 132, 173, 174, 228–9, 240, 265–6, 268, 305 greenhouse gas emissions 215–16 Gregory the Great, Pope 228, 228 guilds 230 hackers 310, 313, 344, 382–3, 393 Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem 287 Hamlet (Shakespeare) 46, 199 HaNasi, Rabbi Yehuda 94 happiness 29–43 Haraway, Donna: ‘A Cyborg Manifesto’ 275–6 Harlow, Harry 89, 90 Harris, Sam 196 Hassabis, Dr Demis 321 Hattin, Battle of, 1187 146, 147 Hayek, Friedrich 369 Heine, Steven J. 354–5 helmets: attention 287–90, 362–3, 364; ‘mind-reading’ 44–5 Henrich, Joseph 354–5 Hercules 43, 176 Herodotus 173, 174 Hinduism 90, 94, 95, 181, 184, 187, 197, 206, 261, 268, 269, 270, 348, 381 Hitler, Adolf 181, 182, 255–6, 352–3, 375 Holocaust 165, 257 Holocene 72 Holy Spirit 227, 227, 228, 228 Homo deus: Homo sapiens upgrade to 43–9, 351–66; techno-humanism and 351–66 Homo sapiens: conquer the world 69, 100–51; end famine, plague and war 1–21; give meaning to the world 153–277; happiness and 29–43; Homo deus, upgrade to 21, 43–9; immortality 21–9; loses control, 279–397; problems with predicting history of 55–64 homosexuality 120, 138–9, 192–3, 195, 225–6, 236, 275 Hong Xiuquan 271 Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ohio 288 humanism 65–7, 98, 198, 219; aesthetics and 228–9, 228, 233, 233, 241–6, 242, 245; economics and 219, 230–1, 232, 232; education system and 231, 233, 233, 234; ethics 223–6, 233; evolutionary see evolutionary humanism; formula for knowledge 237–8, 241–2; homosexuality and 225–6; liberal see liberal humanism; marriage and 223–5; modern industrial farming, justification for 98; nationalism and 248–50; politics/voting and 226–7, 232, 232, 248–50; revolution, humanist 220–77; schism within 246–57; Scientific Revolution gives birth to 96–9; socialist see socialist humanism/socialism; value of experience and 257–61; techno-humanism 351–66; war narratives and 241–6, 242, 245, 253–6; wars of religion, 1914–1991 261–7 hunter-gatherers 34, 60, 75–6, 90, 95, 96–7, 98, 140, 141, 156, 163, 169, 175, 268–9, 322, 355, 360, 361, 378 Hussein, Saddam 18, 310 IBM 315–16, 320, 330 Iliescu, Ion 136, 137 ‘imagined orders’ 142–9 see also intersubjective meaning immigration 248–50 immortality 21–9, 30, 43, 47, 50, 51, 55, 56, 64, 65, 67, 138, 179, 268, 276, 350, 394–5 in vitro fertilisation viii, 52–3 Inanna 157, 323 India: drought and famine in 3; economic growth in modern 205–8, 349; Emergency in, 1975 264, 266; Hindu revival, 19th-century 270, 271, 273; hunter-gatherers in 75–6, 96; liberalism and 264, 265; population growth rate 205–6; Spanish Flu and 9 individualism: evolutionary theory and 103–4; liberal idea of undermined by twenty-first-century science 281–306; liberal idea of undermined by twenty-first-century technology 327–46; self and 294–304, 301, 303 Industrial Revolution 57, 61, 270, 274, 318, 319, 325, 374 inequality 56, 139–43, 262, 323, 346–50, 377, 397 intelligence: animal 81, 82, 99, 127–32; artificial see artificial intelligence; cooperation and 130–1, 137; decoupling from consciousness 307–50, 352, 397; definition of 130–1; development of human 99, 130–1, 137; upgrading human 348–9, 352 see also techo-humanism; value of consciousness and 397 intelligent design 73, 102 internet: distribution of power 374, 383; Internet-of-All-Things 380, 381, 382, 388, 390, 393, 395; rapid rise of 50 intersubjective meaning 143–51, 155–77, 179, 323, 352 Iraq 3, 17, 40, 275 Islam 8, 18, 21, 22, 64, 137, 188, 196, 205, 206, 207, 221, 226, 248, 261, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 351, 392; fundamentalist 18, 196, 226, 268, 269, 270, 275, 351 see also Muslims Islamic State (IS) 275, 351 Isonzo battles, First World War 300–2, 301 Israel 48, 96, 225–6, 249 Italy 262, 300–2, 301 Jainism 94–5 Jamestown, Virginia 298 Japan 30, 31, 33, 34, 207, 246, 349 Jefferson, Thomas 31, 192, 249, 282, 305 Jeopardy!

Affluenza: When Too Much Is Never Enough
by Clive Hamilton and Richard Denniss
Published 31 May 2005

Materialism thus robs us of autonomy.20 We have no trouble recognising that excessive alcohol consumption and excessive gambling harm the people concerned as well as those around them. Yet shopping can also be a response to obsessive or addictive behaviour. Psychologists have recently identified a pathological condition known as ‘oniomania’, or ‘compulsive shopping’, defined in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as an obsessive–compulsive disorder. People with oniomania find their shopping is out of control; they buy more than they need, often setting out to buy one or two items but coming home with bags full of things they could not resist. They often spend more than they can afford and rack up debts that build until a crisis occurs.

pages: 194 words: 59,290

The Covert Passive-Aggressive Narcissist: Recognizing the Traits and Finding Healing After Hidden Emotional and Psychological Abuse
by Debbie Mirza
Published 6 Dec 2017

Some are classified as overt, covert, somatic, cerebral, parasitic, and boomerang. If you search for types of narcissists on the Internet, you will find countless articles listing many types and subtypes. All narcissists have the same core traits. The official list of these traits is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) by which psychiatric diagnoses are categorized. Mental health professionals use this manual when diagnosing patients. A patient must have at least five of the following traits to be diagnosed as having Narcissistic Personality Disorder according to the DSM-IV: A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).

pages: 177 words: 59,831

Alive
by Gabriel Weston
Published 15 Aug 2025

At least back then, the message seemed to be that the only safe womb was a married and pregnant one. We may be tempted to laugh this off as quaint, but the womb still holds women in a special social, political and personal thrall. It’s not just that misogynist myths are slow to debunk – the diagnosis of hysteria wasn’t removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until 1980, and it only became illegal for a man to demand intercourse from his wife in 1991. There are new problems too. Better obstetric imaging brings medical benefits, but also accentuates a tension which has always existed between the rights of the mother and her unborn foetus, known in sociological circles as the ‘maternal–foetal conflict’.

pages: 213 words: 61,911

In defense of food: an eater's manifesto
by Michael Pollan
Published 15 Dec 2008

wine, red Women’s Health Initiative FFQs and flaws in work, snacking at World Health Organization (WHO) World War II yogurt yogurt enemas Yudkin, John zinc *Orthorexia— from the Greek “ortho-” (right and correct) + “exia” (appetite) = right appetite. The term was first proposed in 1996 by the American physician Steven Bratman. Though orthorexia is not yet an eating disorder recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, academic investigation is under way. *Gary Taubes describes the developing carbohydrate hypothesis at great length in Good Calories, Bad Calories. According to the hypothesis, most of the damage to our health that has been wrongly attributed to fats for the past half century—heart disease, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and so on—can rightly be blamed on refined carbohydrates.

pages: 185 words: 60,638

Be Different: Adventures of a Free-Range Aspergian With Practical Advice for Aspergians, Misfits, Families & Teachers
by John Elder Robison
Published 22 Mar 2011

If you hear that a child has, for example, trouble with perseveration, you can use this index to see where that’s discussed in Be Different. Finally, I have compiled a list of further reading and resources. Asperger’s—the Definition So what is Asperger’s? I’ll offer my insight interwoven with the “official” definition from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), which doctors and psychologists use. The main thing to understand about Asperger’s is that it’s a neurological difference—a difference in the way our brains are made. It’s one of the conditions that doctors call an autism spectrum disorder, or ASD. In fact, in the upcoming edition of the DSM, due in 2013, Asperger’s will no longer be listed as a separate diagnosis.

pages: 541 words: 173,676

Generations: The Real Differences Between Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and Silents—and What They Mean for America's Future
by Jean M. Twenge
Published 25 Apr 2023

Perhaps Gen Z is sad but not clinically depressed. To find out, we can tap the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), a large, federally funded study that puts a premium on privacy and confidentiality. The study assesses depression using the criteria for major depressive disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the gold standard for diagnosing mental health issues. The criteria include experiencing depressed mood, insomnia, fatigue, or markedly diminished pleasure in life every day for at least two weeks. The result: The number of teens and young adults with clinical-level depression more than doubled between 2011 and 2021 (see Figure 6.35).

…

W., 34, 45, 121 Bush, George W., 45, 76, 117, 120, 485 C Cai, Linda Jingfang, 473 Campbell, Bradley, 430 cancel culture, 156, 218–19, 338, 371, 383, 496 capitalism, 277, 422–23, 423, 510–12 cars, 510 Carter, Jimmy, 220 Case, Anne, 132–33, 144–45, 330 Cawthorn, Madison, 430–31 CDC, 134, 343, 368, 416, 448 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 356 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 458–59 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 353, 365 Celler, Emanuel, 108 CEOs, 225, 226, 255 Chapek, Bob, 471–72 Chappelle, Dave, 219, 380 Charlottesville rally, 337–38, 499 Chauvin, Derek, 389 Chen, Jennifer, 354 Chesak, Sylvia, 353 children, 90 anxiety and depression in, 460–61, 460 childcare and, 112–13, 163, 272–73, 286–87, 480 death of, 16, 17 family living arrangements and, 160, 160 independence of, 15, 17, 18, 161–65, 195–96 injuries to, 454–55, 454, 455, 459 latchkey kids, 157, 161–65 naming of, 87–89, 88 poverty and, 105, 105, 455, 456 screen media and, 456–59 self-esteem of, 239–41, 243, 248 social media safety and, 497–98 with working mothers, 43, 44, 49–50, 113, 161–65, 162, 163 children, having, 169, 507 age at, 5, 92, 93, 167, 284, 285 birth rates, see birth rates Boomers and, 91–94 Gen X and, 165, 166, 169–70 Gen Z and, 377–78, 477–81 income and, 286 intensive parenting and, 287 Millennials and, 233, 260, 264, 273, 281–88, 476–77 pets as substitute for, 482 Silents and, 50–56, 70 unmarried mothers and, 166 Chong, Dennis, 382 Civil Rights Act, 42, 104–5, 108 civil rights movement, 13, 33, 35, 38–42, 56, 78, 102, 120, 149 Clark, Marcia, 115, 428 Cleggett, Terrance, 275 climate change, 212, 285, 287, 306, 312, 419, 434, 442–43, 481, 483 Clinton, Bill, 34, 76, 99, 114, 120, 121, 190, 214, 222, 306, 309 Clinton, Hillary, 111, 115, 432 clothing, 13–14, 474–75, 508–9 Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 206 Coddling of the American Mind, The (Haidt and Lukianoff), 218, 385 cognitive behavioral therapy, 424 collectivism, 9, 11–13, 56, 84, 86–87, 172, 203, 461 college education, 57, 57, 58, 58, 69, 141, 164, 189, 190, 256–57, 259, 266, 278 Blacks and, 57, 57, 106, 258 Gen X and, 189–90 happiness and mental health and, 138, 141–44, 144, 334 income and, 138–40, 139, 181–83, 182, 189, 271, 271, 272 life expectancy and, 145 Millennials and, 256–59, 271–72 political party affiliation and, 311 women and, 5, 44–45, 44, 54, 93, 110, 110, 257, 427–28, 427, 496 college loan debt, 265, 273–75, 274, 333 college students business and education majors of, 182, 183 Hispanic, Black, and Asian, 207, 207 life goals of, 178, 178, 179 marriage and children postponed by, 375–76 mental health issues in, 127 narcissism in, 250, 252, 252, 253 political extremes and, 433, 434 protests by, 119–20 racial issues and, 205, 206 reasons for going to college, 181–82, 182 self-esteem of, 173, 174, 241, 242, 244, 244 Colon, Kenny, 473 computers, 156 conservatives, 11, 62, 64, 65, 114, 126, 307–9, 307, 309, 309, 313, 432, 435, 445, 446, 484–87 Boomer, 124–25 free speech and, 379, 382 Silent, 62–66 Trump and, 431, 431 unhappiness among, 439, 440 see also Republicans conspiracy theories, 202, 203, 337, 338, 497 consumers, 137, 508–10 control, locus of, 425–30, 429 Cooperative Election Study, 434 Corona, Jacqueline, 256, 257 Cotton, Tom, 218 counterculture, 33–35, 38–39, 78, 96, 124 Coupland, Douglas, Generation X, 150, 184, 189 Couric, Katie, 65 COVID-19 pandemic, 5, 8, 17, 30, 34, 70, 80, 134, 143, 202, 229, 233, 261, 273, 282, 310, 336, 338, 343–44, 346, 396, 399, 418, 437, 465, 466, 469, 480, 481, 493, 497, 505, 510 mental health and, 446–50, 459–61 Polars and, 451, 452, 455, 457–61 political polarization and, 493–94 resistance to requirements during, 203 sexual activity and, 289, 291, 292, 370 vaccines in, 143, 203, 336, 343–44, 449, 493 Cowan, Jon, 211 Cox, Laverne, 359 Creely, Bryan, 469 crime, 187–89, 187, 198, 419 crybullies, 430 Cullors, Patrisse, 315 cultural changes, 5–6, 30 cultural values, 430 Cuomo, Andrew, 118 Current Population Survey, 260 D Dad Is Fat (Gaffigan), 170 D’Amaro, Josh, 474 datasets, 2–4, 20–23, 20–22, 28, 512 dating apps, 290, 371 Daum, Meghan, 156–57, 165, 219, 276 Davis, Pierre, 474–75 Dazed and Confused, 99, 101, 385 death penalty, 313, 313 death rates, 132–33, 133, 134, 135, 144, 328–30, 329, 331 deaths of despair, 67, 132–34, 328–30 Deaton, Angus, 132–33, 144–45, 330 DeBoer, April, 214 Deixler, Susan, 48 DeLarverie, Stormé, 47 de la Torre, Adela, 471 Del Gandio, Jason, 437 Della Volpe, John, 422, 423 democracy, 62, 200, 421, 495, 496, 498 Democratic National Convention, 120 Democrats, 11, 65, 66, 125, 126, 221, 305, 308, 308, 311, 431, 432, 484–87 Boomer, 124–25 Millennial, 307–8, 332 police as viewed by, 389–90, 391 racial issues as viewed by, 318–21, 318, 319, 321, 392, 488, 489 Denny, Reginald, 204 depression, 67–70, 130, 130, 175, 195, 195, 327, 328, 339, 392–94, 296–97, 397, 400–402, 418, 419, 424, 438, 472, 496, 508 Boomers and, 127–38, 144 in children ages 5 to 7, 460–61, 460 cognitive distortions in, 424 COVID-19 pandemic and, 448–50, 448 exercise and, 418 external locus of control and, 430 Gen X and, 192–95 Gen Z and, 392–416, 478 in girls, 402, 402, 414 in high school students, 394, 395, 439, 440 income and, 144, 145 in liberals, 438–46 marriage and, 339, 340 in Millennials, 327–30, 332–34 sex and, 371 social media and, 341, 401–16, 412, 459 suicide and, see suicide in U.K., 404, 404 see also mental health issues Depression, Great, see Great Depression DeSantis, Ron, 472 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 396 Diaz, Celio, Jr., 111 Díaz, Junot, 286 dichotomous thinking, 424 digital media mental health and, 401–16 see also social media discrimination, perception of, 425–30 Disney Company, 471–72, 474 diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), 379, 434, 499, 501 divorce, 52, 54–55, 94, 95, 96, 137 Gen X and, 158–61, 168–69 Millennials and, 280 Dole, Bob, 121 “Don’t Say Gay” bill, 471–72 Douglas, Susan, 89 drugs, 96, 97, 98 Boomers and, 79, 96–102, 136 crack cocaine, 186, 188 marijuana, 64–65, 96–101, 100, 313–14, 313, 374 opioids, 134, 330, 403 overdoses of, 132–34, 135, 136, 330, 331 Silents and, 96, 99 Duplass, Mark, 219 E economy, 277, 455, 456 future of, 504–12 growth in, 69, 190, 277, 346, 394, 401, 419 see also Great Depression; Great Recession education, 16–17, 259 Greatests and, 56, 58, 58 levels of, in Americans 75 years and older, 58, 58 Millennials and, 256–59, 271–72 political beliefs and, 434, 491–92 Silents and, 56–59 in STEM fields, 59 see also college education; high school education Eilish, Billie, 394–96 Eisler, Benita, 34, 51, 54 Elder, Glen, 5 email, 156 Emba, Christine, 302 emojis, 347 environmental issues, 212–13, 312, 442 see also climate change Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 42, 109, 117 Ernst & Young, 473 events, major, 5, 8, 18–19 exercise, 416, 418, 455, 457–49, 457 expectations, 137, 176–77, 176, 241, 419–21, 420 of Millennials, 275–76, 334–36 external locus of control, 425–30, 429 F Facebook, 155, 232, 255, 338, 360, 411, 412, 414, 495, 496, 498 Fain, Jessica, 347 Faludi, Susan, 114–17 familial generations, 2, 28 family(ies), 3, 13, 56, 70, 449 Boomers and, 91–96, 112 future of, 476–84 size of, 170 see also children, having family analogy of generations, 29–30 Family and Medical Leave Act, 112 Family Ties, 220 Fanning, Shawn, 254 Federal Reserve Bank of St.

pages: 274 words: 66,721

Double Entry: How the Merchants of Venice Shaped the Modern World - and How Their Invention Could Make or Break the Planet
by Jane Gleeson-White
Published 14 May 2011

Economist Raj Patel points out that while every civilisation has had traders and markets, only modern market society has spawned the corporation, ‘a novel human creation moved by the search for profit’, which now dominates the planet. Patel tells the story of a group of filmmakers (Mark Achbar, Jennifer Abbott and Joel Bakan) who decided to treat the corporation like the person it legally is and test its psychological profile. Using the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), they found that the corporation shares many of the characteristics that define psychopaths. That is, corporations break the law if they can, they hide their behaviour, sacrifice long-term welfare for short-term profit, are aggressively litigious, ignore health and safety codes, and cheat their suppliers and workers without remorse.

pages: 257 words: 64,285

The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport: Second Edition
by David Levinson and Kevin Krizek
Published 17 Aug 2015

It works less well in the suburbs, exurbs, and rural areas, where the baseline transportation mode cannot be as expensive on a per-trip basis as the MaaS rental model requires, but the density is not high enough to support fixed route transit on most corridors. 339 Today our internal combustion engines give us a range of maybe 500 km. Battery powered vehicles currently give many potential travelers "range anxiety." While not yet in the DSM, (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a catalog assembled by the American Psychiatric Association of the many ways the mind goes wrong), "range anxiety" is the fear that your electric vehicle will not be able to get you where you want to go throughout the day within the range of the existing battery.

pages: 213 words: 68,363

Never Enough: The Neuroscience and Experience of Addiction
by Judith Grisel
Published 15 Feb 2019

Underlying all this uncertainty is the reality that we still have no objective measure to use for addiction. In fact, the National Institutes of Health can’t even settle on a name for whatever it is people like me have. We’ve used “addict” or “alcoholic” and then “drug dependent”; now we talk about having a drug use disorder. Changing names or diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (also known as the DSM, currently in its fifth edition) might provide some with an illusion of progress, but I think it just makes it more clear how little we truly understand. 11 Solving Addiction Do not weep; do not wax indignant. Understand.

pages: 242 words: 67,233

McMindfulness: How Mindfulness Became the New Capitalist Spirituality
by Ronald Purser
Published 8 Jul 2019

Therapeutic methods should also be different, combining practice with critical pedagogies. The causes and conditions of social suffering and oppression should be examined, along with collective experiences of cultural trauma, systemic racism, and other forms of marginalization and displacement that cannot be reduced to psychological maladies. “There is no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual For Neoliberal Disorders,” notes Rogers-Vaughn, and attempts to address them should not seek to replicate current methods.22 “I will not be designing a manualized plan for Anti-Neoliberal Therapy (ANT), selling glossy ANT promotional packets, or offering weekend certification programs,” he explains.

Secrets of the Autistic Millionaire: Everything I Know Now About Autism and Asperger's That I Wish I'd Known Then
by David William Plummer
Published 14 Sep 2021

To me, high functioning simply means there are fewer pathological manifestations of one’s autism symptoms, and that the person in question can operate, or function, in society with only a few accommodations. It’s really a measure of how compatible one is with that society and it’s social and cultural demands, and not a statement about ability or value. Where did Asperger’s Go? Most of the psychiatric industry uses a particular book, titled Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version 5 (or more commonly, “DSM-V”). In older revisions of the manual there had been a separate classification for Asperger’s, which was close to what we are now calling Level 1 –– High Functioning Autism. At even higher levels of functioning, and with far fewer symptoms, one could be diagnosed as Pervasive Developmental Disorder –– Not Otherwise Specified (PDD NOS).

pages: 733 words: 179,391

Adaptive Markets: Financial Evolution at the Speed of Thought
by Andrew W. Lo
Published 3 Apr 2017

Being a single parent raising three children in New York on a secretary’s income, my mother didn’t have the luxury of time or money to have me tested by a specialist, even if she could have afforded one with just the right expertise, and even if such tests existed back then (they didn’t). Today, any child psychiatrist would almost certainly diagnose my condition as a moderate case of dyslexia (or, more precisely, dyscalculia), and likely ADHD as well. But this body of knowledge wasn’t available back then. In 1968, the second edition of the now-famous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was only 119 pages long, and the closest entry to my symptoms (other than the “Mental Retardation” section) was one with the promising title “Specific Learning Disturbance.” This section was empty, a placeholder for learning issues that couldn’t be attributed to other conditions.

…

Shaw Research, 240 Dahan, Ely, 40, 41 Damasio, Antonio, 102–104, 183, 186 Danziger, Shai, 166, 167 Darwin, Charles, 8, 137–140, 214, 217, 218, 226–227, 244 Data Encryption Standard (DES), 238–239 Dawkins, Richard, 142 Deason,, Stephen, 354 de Becker, Gavin, 1 Debreu, Gerard, 212 debt ratios, 300, 309–311 decimalization, 327–329 decision fatigue, 166–167 Deep Blue (chess computer), 112, 131–132 deep parameters, 203 delayed gratification, 119, 120–121 delta-hedging strategy, 274 De Nederlandsch Bank (DNB), 391 depression, 159, 160 derivatives, 10, 212, 243, 266, 270, 371, 407; complexity of, 11, 321; options and, 97, 357; regulation of, 7, 308; volume of, 358 Descartes’ Error (Damasio), 102 Desrochers, Theresa M., 121–122 deterministic strategy, 190, 191, 192, 197, 200 de Waal, Frans, 337 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 125–126 Dictator Game, 337 differential reproduction, 146, 152, 187 Digital Age, 163 discount rate, 98, 416 DNA, 187; database of, 402–403; discovery of, 137, 144, 401; evolutionary theory confirmed by, 137–138; of identical twins, 159, 161; mutations of, 418–419; of related species, 136, 146, 150, 151–152 Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 140 Dodd, David, 234 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (2010), 228, 329, 375 dodo, 149 dopamine, 87–88, 89, 91, 97, 99, 409 dopamine dysregulation syndrome, 186 dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, 86 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 337, 339 double blind tests, 123 Double Eagle Fund, 234 doubling down, 60–61, 62, 84, 189 Douglas, Michael, 345, 346 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 22, 358 Down syndrome, 111 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 409 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, 160 Dyck, I.

pages: 239 words: 73,178

The Narcissist You Know
by Joseph Burgo

While the label is sometimes used loosely, with commentators applying the term “narcissistic” to just about anyone deemed conceited or overly focused on garnering attention, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) actually has precise criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder that are codified in its “bible”—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (or the DSM). So who qualifies as an “official” narcissist? According to the DSM, a person must demonstrate at least five of the following features to receive this diagnosis: • A grandiose sense of self-importance—in other words, the individual exaggerates achievements and talents and expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements • A preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love • A belief that he or she is special and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions) • A need for excessive admiration • A sense of entitlement—unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations • Interpersonally exploitative behavior—someone who takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends • A lack of empathy—a person who is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others • Envy of others or a belief that others are envious of him or her • A demonstration of arrogant and haughty behaviors or attitudes Going by this strict definition, Sam definitely meets the diagnostic criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder.

pages: 241 words: 75,516

The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less
by Barry Schwartz
Published 1 Jan 2004

is also on the rise For statistical information on depression and on suicide see D.L. Rosenhan and M.E.P. Seligman, Abnormal Psychology (New York: W.W. Norton, 1995); R.E. Lane, The Loss of Happiness in Market Democracies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000); American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994); J. Angst, “The Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders,” European Neuropsychopharmacology, 1995, 5, 95–98; G.L. Klerman, P.W. Lavori, J. Rice, T. Reich, J. Endicott, N.C. Andreasen, M. Keller, and R.M.A.

pages: 258 words: 79,503

The Genius Within: Unlocking Your Brain's Potential
by David Adam
Published 6 Feb 2018

.§ A number of scientists, including Steve Greenspan, are trying to get the legal system to broaden its view of intelligence beyond IQ, to take into account the many different ways it can be defined, and so the equally many ways a lack of intelligence can be identified. In the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the American Psychiatric Association scrapped IQ scores as the primary way to diagnose intellectual disability (previously called mental retardation). Instead it emphasizes the impact of cognitive ability on behaviour. Greenspan and other psychologists are trying to persuade the US courts to view intelligence through the same broader lens.

pages: 291 words: 73,972

What Every Body Is Saying: An Ex-FBI Agent's Guide to Speed-Reading People
by Joe Navarro and Marvin Karlins
Published 22 Feb 2011

You possess knowledge that will enrich your interpersonal relationships for the rest of your life. Enjoy knowing what every body is saying, for to that end I have dedicated myself and this book. Joe Navarro Tampa, Florida USA B I B L I O G R A P H Y American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Axtell, R. E. (1991). Gestures: The do’s and taboos of body language around the world. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Burgoon, J. K., Buller, D. B., & Woodall, W. G. (1994). Nonverbal communication: The unspoken dialogue.

The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention
by Simon Baron-Cohen
Published 14 Aug 2020

Tammet (2006), Born on a blue day: Inside the extraordinary mind of an autistic savant (London: Hodder & Stoughton). You can watch the episode that includes my diagnostic interview with him at “Savant learns to speak Icelandic in a week,” YouTube, July 9, 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GXjPEkDfek. 13. The American Psychiatric Association (APA), which publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), decided that the fifth edition (DSM-5, 2013) would drop the term “Asperger syndrome,” for reasons to do with the unreliability of the use of the term (or poor agreement) among clinicians. I was one of those who spoke out as early as 2009 against throwing out this term because ultimately we do need to identify subgroups in the otherwise very broad spectrum of autism.

pages: 612 words: 206,792

The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So Called Psychopathic Personality
by Hervey Cleckley
Published 1 Jan 1955

Alexander, Franz, and Healy, William: The roots of crime, New York, 1935, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 13. Allen, Clifford: Modern discoveries in medical psychology, London, 1937, The Macmillan Co. 14. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual, mental disorders, Washington, D.C., 1952, American Psychiatric Association Mental Hospital Service. 15. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual, mental disorders (DSMII), ed. 2, Washington, D.C., 1968, American Psychiatric Association. 16. Astor, Mary: The incredible Charlie Carewe, Garden City, New York, 1960, Doubleday & Co., Inc. 17. Bailey, Pearce: The present outlook of neurology of in the United States, Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 24:214–228, 1949. 18.

pages: 271 words: 83,944

The Sellout: A Novel
by Paul Beatty
Published 2 Mar 2016

Marpessa’s the only person to ever diagnose me. Not even my father could figure me out. I’d make a mistake, like, say, misidentify Mary McLeod Bethune for Gwendolyn Brooks, it’d be “Nigger, I have no fucking idea what the fuck is wrong is with you!” Followed by all 943 pages of the BDSM IV (Black Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition) flying at my head. Marpessa sorted me out, though. I was eighteen. Two weeks from finishing up my first semester of college. We were in the guesthouse. She—thumbing through the bloodstained BDSM IV. Me—in my usual postcoital position, rolled up into a ball like a frightened teenage armadillo, and crying my eyes out for no earthly reason.

pages: 287 words: 82,576

The Complacent Class: The Self-Defeating Quest for the American Dream
by Tyler Cowen
Published 27 Feb 2017

Somehow kids are supposed to match the levels of calm and composure we might find in mature forty-seven-year-olds. Estimates vary, but according to some, almost 20 percent of American boys and 10 percent of American girls, ages fourteen to seventeen, have been diagnosed with ADHD, yet that concept, with the attention deficit disorder label, wasn’t even formally introduced into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until 1980, although there were earlier and far more marginal notions of hyperactive and hyperkinetic children. According to another related estimate, 10 percent of American teenagers currently have had medication prescribed for ADHD; whatever the exact numbers, it is commonly agreed that there is a kind of epidemic of diagnosis and medication.

pages: 267 words: 82,580

The Dark Net
by Jamie Bartlett
Published 20 Aug 2014

In a 1995 email to transhumanists who were planning to build a floating seastead community to live outside national laws, May urged them to think about computer networks instead, which he considers more hospitable and secure than any physical location – even one in the ocean. Chapter 4 Three Clicks p.110 ‘I contacted the police . . .’ Given the sensitive nature of the subject, it is worth spending a moment on definitions. The seminal psychiatric document, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (fourth edition, text revised – DSM-IV-TR) of the American Psychiatric Association, has a specific definition of paedophilia: the individual must have experienced intense and recurring sexual fantasies involving children over a minimum period of six months, or various behaviours or urges involving sexual activities with a prepubescent child or children.

pages: 249 words: 80,762

Odd Girl Out: An Autistic Woman in a Neurotypical World
by Laura James
Published 5 Apr 2017

When I reach the bottom of the first page of the notebook, I tear it out and put it on the empty sunbed next to me. I go through the exercise again, this time looking for information on the physical characteristics of autism. Again I tear out the sheet and place it above the first one. I read that the definition of autism has changed in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which was published in 2013. In the new version, the DSM-5, the terms autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) have been replaced by the collective term Autism Spectrum Disorder.

pages: 301 words: 85,263

New Dark Age: Technology and the End of the Future
by James Bridle
Published 18 Jun 2018

The virtual weather disrupts our ability to tell coherent stories about the world because it challenges previously held models of consensus reality – and of consensus as a whole. In analyses of the most extreme conspiracy theories online, traditional psychological models start to fail. According to the textbook definition – in this case, that of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association and widely used by clinicians, researchers, and the legal system – a belief is not a delusion when it is held by a person’s ‘culture or subculture’. But the network has changed how we establish and shape cultures: people in distant locales can gather online to share their experiences and beliefs and form cultures all their own.

pages: 266 words: 85,265

Suggestible You: The Curious Science of Your Brain's Ability to Deceive, Transform, and Heal
by Erik Vance
Published 14 Sep 2016

Responsible hypnotists like David Patterson take years to perfect their craft, learning to avoid specific words that might bias the subject or accidentally implant ideas.) Although repressed memories certainly could exist in theory (and indeed “dissociative amnesia,” its technical name, is still listed in the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), they are difficult to study in the laboratory, and some experts assert that they don’t exist at all. There are very few documented examples of repressed memories. Loftus says there is simply no evidence that people can create amnesia through sheer terror, and that all the examples compiled in the 1990s could be explained in other ways.

pages: 269 words: 83,959

The Hostage's Daughter
by Sulome Anderson
Published 24 Aug 2016

An answer to the painful question of my life appeared one day while I was browsing the Internet and came upon the term borderline personality disorder (BPD). It piqued my interest, so I started researching it. I learned that, evidently, it’s the most lethal psychiatric illness because of the high suicide rate associated with it. I found the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. They are as follows: 1.Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. 2.A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. This is called “splitting.” 3.Identity disturbance: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self. 4.Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating). 5.Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior. 6.Affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). 7.Chronic feelings of emptiness. 8.Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights). 9.Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms.

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A Beautiful Mind
by Sylvia Nasar
Published 11 Jun 1998

Ibid. 3. Letter from John Nash to a colleague, 1967. 4. Martha Nash Legg, interview, 3.2.96. 5. James Glass, Delusion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985). 6. M. Legg, interview, 10.94. 7. Ibid., 8.31.95. 8. Letter from J. Nash to A. Mattuck, 8.8.67. 9. See, for example, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 1987). Ming T. Tsuang, Stephen V. Faraone, and Max Day, “Schizophrenic Disorders,” op. cit. 10. E. Fuller Torrey, Surviving Schizophrenia (New York: Harper & Row, 1988). 11. “…symptoms of clouded consciousness and disorientation in schizophrenia are relatively rare,” Richard S.

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Princeton: Institute for Advanced Study, 1980. Davies, John D. “The Curious History of Physics at Princeton.” Princeton Alumni Weekly (October 2, 1973). Davison, Peter. The Fading Smile: Poets in Boston from Robert Frost to Robert Lowell to Sylvia Plath, 1955–1960. New York: Knopf, 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association, 1987. Dixit, Avinash K., and Barry J. Nalebuff. Thinking Strategically New York: W. W. Norton, 1991. Dixit, Avinash, and Susan Skeath. Games of Strategy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Eatwell, John, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, eds.

Grain Brain: The Surprising Truth About Wheat, Carbs, and Sugar--Your Brain's Silent Killers
by David Perlmutter and Kristin Loberg
Published 17 Sep 2013

The whole notion that ADHD is a specific disease easily remedied by a pill is convenient but alarming. In several schools throughout the United States as many as 25 percent of students are routinely receiving powerful, mind-altering medications, the long-term consequences of which have never been studied! Although the American Psychiatric Association states in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that 3 to 7 percent of school-aged children have ADHD, studies have estimated higher rates in community samples, and data from surveys of parents collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention paint a different picture.1 According to new data from the CDC that came out in March 2013, nearly one in five high school–age boys in the United States and 11 percent of school-age children overall have been diagnosed with ADHD.

pages: 300 words: 94,628

Hooked: Food, Free Will, and How the Food Giants Exploit Our Addictions
by Michael Moss
Published 2 Mar 2021

There’s been another development in our understanding of addiction that has made it easier to apply the term to substances other than cigarettes, drugs, or alcohol. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association, which avoids using the word addiction in favor of substance use disorder, updated its handbook for healthcare professionals, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, to better reflect the view that we can be troubled on a very wide spectrum, from mild to severe. The manual lays out eleven criteria by which someone can be judged to have such a disorder. They include the neglect of important things in one’s life, like holding a job; the buildup of tolerance to the substance being imbibed; the pain of withdrawal when the usage is stopped; extensive time spent acquiring or using the substance; using more of it than one intended; failed attempts to cut back; and wanting the substance so much that this could be described by the user as a craving.

How to Do the Work: Recognize Your Patterns, Heal From Your Past, and Create Your Self
by Nicole Lepera
Published 9 Mar 2021

Today the focus of psychiatry has become overwhelmingly biological. You’re much more likely to be asked about a family history of mental illness and be given a prescription for antidepressants than to be asked about childhood trauma or given guidance about your nutrition and lifestyle. The field has fully embraced the protocol of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), created by the American Psychiatric Association, which catalogs symptoms as a means to a diagnosis—typically a “disorder,” which is genetic or “organic” in origin, not environmental or learned. By assigning a genetic cause, we naturally imagine our sickness to be part of who we are.

pages: 306 words: 88,545

Been There, Done That: A Rousing History of Sex
by Rachel Feltman
Published 14 May 2022

He’s largely credited, for instance, with introducing “sexual orientation” as an alternative to “sexual preference.” In so doing, Money helped to solidify the concept that being some flavor of not-heterosexual was more than an avoidable phase or, worse, a condition that might be treated and cured. Money and his contemporaries helped get the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) a little bit closer to recognizing “weird” sex as normal (though he did argue that paraphilias should be categorized as mental illnesses, a judgment that has persisted since his time). Before 1980’s DSM-III, this medical tome had referred to “sexual deviations,” a term that included such disparate inclinations as homosexuality and pedophilia and lumped general sadism in with rape and mutilation.

pages: 321 words: 97,661

How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine
by Trisha Greenhalgh
Published 18 Nov 2010

GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network, http://www.gideononline.com/) is an evidence-based programme that assists with diagnosis and treatment of communicable diseases. In addition, GIDEON tracks incidence and prevalence of diseases worldwide and includes the spectrum covered by antibiotic agents. Psychiatry Online (http://www.psychiatryonline.com/) is a compendium of core textbooks (including Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM V)), psychiatry journals and practice guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association, produced by the American Psychiatric Press. CardioSource (http://www.cardiosource.com) is produced by the American College of Cardiology. It includes guidelines, journal and textbook links, ‘clinical collections’ of articles and educational materials on topics such as cholesterol management and atrial fibrillation, and an excellent clinical trials registry for all trials relating to cardiovascular disease, whether ongoing or completed.

pages: 329 words: 103,159

People of the Lie: The Hope for Healing Human Evil
by M Scott Peck
Published 1 Jan 1983

I had received no training on the subject. It was not a recognized field of study for a psychiatrist or for that matter, any supposedly scientific person. I had been taught that all psychopathology could be explained in terms of known diseases or psychodynamics, and was properly labeled and encompassed in the standard Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The fact that American psychiatry almost totally ignored even the basic reality of the human will had not yet struck me as ridiculous. No one had ever told me of a case like Charlene. Nothing had prepared me for her. I was like an infant. I cut my eyeteeth on Charlene. She was, without question, one of the major beginnings of this book.

pages: 375 words: 102,166

The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality
by Kathryn Paige Harden
Published 20 Sep 2021

Fact Sheet Library, NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness, accessed November 6, 2019, https://www.nami.org/learn-more/fact-sheet-library. 9. Essi Viding et al., “Evidence for Substantial Genetic Risk for Psychopathy in 7-Year-Olds,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46, no. 6 (June 2005): 592–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00393.x. 10. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000). 11. Matthew S. Lebowitz, Kathryn Tabb, and Paul S. Appelbaum, “Asymmetrical Genetic Attributions for Prosocial versus Antisocial Behaviour,” Nature Human Behaviour 3, no. 9 (September 2019): 940–49, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0651-1. 12.

pages: 338 words: 100,477

Split-Second Persuasion: The Ancient Art and New Science of Changing Minds
by Kevin Dutton
Published 3 Feb 2011

Eventually however, from about four onwards, the correct answer gradually begins to emerge as the neurological rumblings of self-awareness proceed to disentangle our own mind from those of others. Except, that is, in autism. From a clinical perspective, this is interesting. 37Disorders of the autistic spectrum are the only ones in DSM IV (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychological Association) specifically characterised by an absence of a Theory of Mind. In addition, they are also the only disorders in which an inability to engage in eye contact presents as a key diagnostic feature. Might it be that our innate perceptual bias for eyes, as well as facilitating our propensity to detect threat, also foreshadows our capacity to ‘read’ people?

pages: 334 words: 103,106

Inheritance
by Leo Hollis

‘Being well, looking ill: childbirth and the return to health in seventeenth-century England’, Social History of Medicine, Vol. 30, no. 3 (2017), p. 504 33 Ibid., p. 505 34 Stone, L. 1990, p. 270 35 Gatty, C. T. Vol. 1, p. 285 36 Stone, L. 1990, p. 286 37 However, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) issued in 2013 introduced the new category of ‘Complicated Grief Disorder’. 38 Grosvenor Archives, Eaton, PP4/82, p. 20.1 (NB: the verbatim court papers are bound in a single volume but only every fifth page is numbered, so I have noted them here as 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4 etc.) 39 Ibid., p. 20.2 40 Ibid., p. 23.2 41 Ibid., p. 21.4 42 Burton, R.

Black Pill: How I Witnessed the Darkest Corners of the Internet Come to Life, Poison Society, and Capture American Politics
by Elle Reeve
Published 9 Jul 2024

(The public is more familiar with factitious disorder imposed on another, or Munchausen’s by proxy, because it is the subject of so many horror movies about mothers making their children sick.) In 2000, the term “Munchausen’s by internet” was coined to describe people who deceive others about their medical condition online, but unlike factitious disorder, it is not officially recognized in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. * * * I struggled to make sense of Parrott’s explanation that Connie had profoundly bad luck. I had more than a dozen family members with diabetes, and every family reunion brought new innovations in sugar-free Jell-O. A relative might be deemed “good with her diabetes” or “not so good with her diabetes,” but they all managed the disease.

pages: 299 words: 96,608

Doing Time Like a Spy
by John Kiriakou
Published 11 May 2017

He never admitted to testifying against his codefendant. He also didn’t have to move to the “rat” table in the cafeteria. In prison populations, according to psychologist Robert Hare, nearly 80 percent of people incarcerated in the United States suffer from antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) defines antisocial personality disorders as “a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.” To qualify for a diagnosis of ASPD, per the DSM, adults must present with at least three of the following seven criteria: Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behavior; Deceitfulness; Impulsivity; Irritability and aggressiveness; Reckless disregard for self and others; Constant irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to honor financial obligations; and Lack of any remorse or rationalization of one’s hurtful behavior.

pages: 1,396 words: 245,647

The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Mystic of the Atom
by Graham Farmelo
Published 24 Aug 2009

Don Carleton, a historian of Bristol, kindly arranged it. 6 Letter from Manci to ‘Anna’, 15 October 1986, in PRINCETON, Wigner archive (Margit Dirac file). 7 These three statements are based on the more rigorous ones given by the autism expert Uta Frith in her definitive introduction to the condition (2003: 8–9). Her statements are consistent with the most detailed and most recent scheme described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (2000), 4th edition, Washington DC, and a similar scheme issued by the World Health Organization, ‘The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines’ (1992). 8 Stockholms Dagblad, 10 December 1933. 9 Walenski et al. (2006: 175); for the data on depression see p. 9. 10 Wing (1996: 47, 65 and 123). 11 Anon. (2007) ‘Autism Speaks: The United States Pays Up’, Nature, 448: 628–9; see p. 628. 12 Frith (2003: Chapter 4). 13 Unlike people with autism, people with Asperger’s Syndrome show a delay neither in acquiring language when they are young nor in other aspects of intellectual development.

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The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty
by Benjamin H. Bratton
Published 19 Feb 2016

The design issue here is not that broken tools are better, but that in designing interfaces that resemble a familiar mind, it may well be that vulnerable and limited artificial personalities invite and support deeper identification and loyalty from human Users than generic and predictable ones.44 The fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders may prove essential reading for programmers of the next decades full of Siris.45 If Siri is just the tip of a AI interface iceberg, then to presume that “she” should be so defined by C-suite master-slave small talk is already to presume too much. The full spectrum of weirdness, based on actors passing information into and out of one another, is a richly reticulated space, and approaching it as such makes those clichéd relationships moot.

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We are designing our own abdication. 43. Nanowerk LLC, “Rise of the Ultrafast Machine Ecology,” Nanowerk, September 11, 2013, http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/robotics/newsid=32214.php?utm_source=feedburner&utm. 44. Her, directed by Spike Jonze (Annapurna Pictures, 2013). 45. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 46. Dominic Basulto, “Is the Internet Becoming the Bot Net?,” Big Think, April 2, 2012, http://bigthink.com/endless-innovation/is-the-internet-becoming-the-bot-net. 47. In carbon footprinting all things, sentient or dumb, are comparable.

How to Survive a Plague: The Inside Story of How Citizens and Science Tamed AIDS
by David France
Published 29 Nov 2016

For him, as for Callen, sexual abandon was a means not only of release, but also of liberation, a utopian ideal and a necessary antidote to years of repression. It was likely that even Sonnabend’s most sexually adventuresome patients attached some residual shame to their desires, considering the hostilities experienced by most gay people of that generation. Only a few years earlier, same-sex attraction was classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a sociopathic personality disturbance. Until the mid-seventies electroshock therapy was ordered for recalcitrant cases. Gay sex was still illegal in most of the country, a felony in some states. Suspicion of homosexuality was enough to block applications for security clearance, deny housing, defrock clergy members, fire schoolteachers, and bar foreigners from entering the United States, even as tourists.

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A few months later: Leonard Budner, “Former Transit Officer Held as Slayer of Two in Village,” NYT, November 21, 1980; and David Rothenberg, “Homophobia at the NYT,” NYN, June 1–14, 1981. Moving through: See Edmund Bergler, The Basic Neurosis, Oral Regression and Psychic Masochism (New York, NY: Grune & Stratton, 1949); Charles W. Socarides, Homosexuality: Psychoanalytic Therapy (Lanham, MA: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1989); and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2nd ed. (Arlington: American Psychiatric Association, 1968). “With broadened parental”: Introduction by Stanley F. Yolles in Peter Wyden, Growing Up Straight: What Every Thoughtful Parent Should Know About Homosexuality (New York, NY: Stein and Day, 1968), 8. Inside a cramped: Intvs.

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Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress
by Steven Pinker
Published 13 Feb 2018

Bureaucracies demand that people be diagnosed with some disorder before they can receive entitlements such as therapy, government services, and a right against discrimination. All these inducements could make people more likely to report that they are depressed. At the same time, the mental health professions, and perhaps the culture at large, has been lowering the bar for what counts as a mental illness. The list of disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association tripled between 1952 and 1994, when it included almost three hundred disorders, including Avoidant Personality Disorder (which applies to many people who formerly were called shy), Caffeine Intoxication, and Female Sexual Dysfunction. The number of symptoms needed to justify a diagnosis has fallen, and the number of stressors that may be credited with triggering one has increased.

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See also population demonetization, 332–3 Deng Xiaoping, 90 Denmark, 438–9, 451, 475n30, 483n39 Dennett, Daniel, 427, 430, 433 Denney, Reuel, 274 deontological ethics, 416–18 depression, 280–83, 284, 476n74 Derrida, Jacques, 406, 446 Descartes, René, Cogito ergo sum, 352 DeScioli, Peter, 415 Deutsch, David, ix, 7, 46, 295–6, 392, 410 developed countries/world, 96 life expectancy inequalities, 54–5, 95–6 lower middle classes affected by globalization, 112, 113, 118–19, 339, 340 maternal mortality changes in, 57–8, 57 natural disaster resilience of, 187–9, 188 Secularization Thesis and, 435–6, 438 social spending as universal to, 110, 115 developing countries/world, 96 calorie availability in, 70, 70 child labor and, 232 digital technology adoption by, 244 and environmental problems, awareness of, 124 escape from poverty of, 85–6, 85 Green Revolution in, 75–8 infectious disease improvements in, 67 life expectancy inequalities in, 54–5, 59, 95–6 maternal mortality changes in, 57–8, 57 natural disaster vulnerability of, 188–9 pollution in, 130–31, 463n28 safe drinking water and, 130–31, 463n28 social spending in, 109–110 undernourishment and stunting in, 70–72, 71–2 Devereux, Stephen, 72–3, 459nn35–36 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), 281, 282 Diamandis, Peter, 330 Diamond, Jared, 450–51, 465n76 diarrhea, childhood deaths from, 66 Dickens, Charles, 230, 249 Diderot, Denis, 10, 13 Didion, Joan, 456n1 digital manufacturing, 330–31 disaster sociology, 305 disease. See health; infectious disease; medicine dishwashers, 252 Disraeli, Benjamin, 130, 341 Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee, 284 DNA discovery of, 386 information accumulation and evolution of, 20 testing of, and wrongful capital punishment, 212 Doctorow, E.

pages: 1,351 words: 385,579

The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
by Steven Pinker
Published 24 Sep 2012

Hitlers who might not recognize each other well enough to say ‘Heil’ if they came face to face in Hell.”125 For all that, the more modest field of personality classification, which pigeonholes rather than explains people, has something to say about the psychology of modern tyrants. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association defines narcissistic personality disorder as “a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.”126 Like all psychiatric diagnoses, narcissism is a fuzzy category, and overlaps with psychopathy (“a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others”) and with borderline personality disorder (“instability in mood; black and white thinking; chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior”).

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.: American Humane Association. American Humane Association Film and Television Unit. 2010. No animals were harmed: A legacy of protection. http://www.americanhumane.org/protecting-animals/programs/no-animals-were-harmed/legacy-of-protection.html. American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. Amnesty International. 2010. Abolitionist and retentionist countries. http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries. Anderson, E. 1999. The code of the street: Violence, decency, and the moral life of the inner city.

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, France decolonization defense mechanisms dehumanization deism delay of gratification; see also self-control deMause, Lloyd democide, see genocide democracy and capitalism checks and balances in and civil war constitutional government definition of and education emergence of free speech in and intelligence and Kantian triangle liberal meanings of and 1960s decivilization process and peace and reasoning and Rights Revolutions separation of powers in spread of and urbanization Democratic Peace theory demonization den Boer, Andrea dependency theorists depression, medication for Dershowitz, Alan Descartes, René despotism DeSteno, David deterrence Deutch, John Deuteronomy, Book of developing world anarchy in childhood deaths in democracy in economic growth in famine and disease homicide rates in liberation movements in Marxism in and plunder and poverty violence following decolonization warfare in Dhlakama, Afonso Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Diamond, Jared Dickens, Charles Dictator game dictatorships; see also autocracy; totalitarianism Diderot, Denis Diels, Janie DiIulio, John Dionysian vs. Apollonian cultures discounting, temporal; see also self-control discrimination disgust Disney, Walt distress and sympathy-altruism hypothesis District of Columbia, homicides in Divinity, ethic of; see also disgust; Purity, ethic of Djilas, Milovan DNA testing Dodds, Graham dodgeball domestic violence outside U.S.

pages: 391 words: 105,382

Utopia Is Creepy: And Other Provocations
by Nicholas Carr
Published 5 Sep 2016

Seriously, I’ve always been uncomfortable with the application of the term “addiction” to compulsive net use, but having read Morozov’s confession, particularly the bit about the screwdrivers, I am now officially changing my mind. By all means, add an entry for internet addiction to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—and hurry up about it. I mean, reread that passage, but replace “phone” with “liter of vodka” or “router cable” with “crack pipe.” It’s textbook, right down to Morozov’s immediate attempt to deny what he’s just confessed: “It’s not that I can’t say ‘no’ to myself.”

pages: 352 words: 104,411

Rush Hour: How 500 Million Commuters Survive the Daily Journey to Work
by Iain Gately
Published 6 Nov 2014

, see the statements in: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/oh-court-of-appeals/1410080.html. 200 ‘rate themselves almost perfect in excellence as a driver’, Dr Leon James and Dr Diane Nahl, ‘Dealing with Stress and Pressure in the Vehicle. Taxonomy of Driving Behavior: Affective, Cognitive, Sensorimotor’, in J. Peter Rothe (ed.) Driving Lessons: Exploring Systems That Make Traffic Safer, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 2002. 200 ‘repeated episodes of aggressive, violent behaviour’, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, Fifth Edition, 2013. 201 ‘Tension tends to build up when the body is physically restricted and constricted’, James and Nahl, ‘Dealing with Stress and Pressure in the Vehicle’. 202 For ‘Anger builds on anger; the emotional brain heats up’, and ‘rage rush’, see D.

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The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and the Birth of the People's Economy
by Stephanie Kelton
Published 8 Jun 2020

They dropped the word earned, which sounds like a good thing to most people, and emphasized the word entitlement—which by the 1970s had taken on negative connotations, as when we say that a spoiled or privileged person acts entitled. As writer Richard Eskow observed, the term even appeared in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to describe a symptom of narcissistic personality disorder:49 “Has a sense of entitlement, i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations.” Hertzberg notes that Reagan originally used neutral expressions like social safety net in his early speeches but soon followed Nisbet and Nozick’s lead and began using the term entitlements.

Drunk: How We Sipped, Danced, and Stumbled Our Way to Civilization
by Edward Slingerland
Published 31 May 2021

Williams 2013). 2Genesis 5:20. 3Quoted in Forsyth 2017: 144-145. 4Heath 1976: 43. 5Heath 2000. 6Organization 2018. 7www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/alcohol-facts-and-statistics#:~:text=Alcohol%2DRelated%20Deaths%3A,poor%20diet%20and%20physical%20inactivity. 8Lutz 1922:105, quoted in Mandelbaum 1965. 9Grant et al. 2015. “Mild” alcohol use disorder was defined as the presence of two to three symptoms of AUD on the 2103 revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which include answering in the affirmative to questions such as, in the last year, have you “Had times when you ended up drinking more, or longer, than you intended?” or “More than once wanted to cut down or stop drinking, or tried to, but couldn’t?” 10See George Koob’s work on “allostasis” (Koob 2003; Koob and Le Moal 2008). 11Sher and Wood 2005; Schuckit 2014. 12Sher and Wood 2005. 13An excellent popular account of this research can be found in Yong 2018. 14For a good introduction to Southern vs.

pages: 358 words: 106,951

Diverse Bodies, Diverse Practices: Toward an Inclusive Somatics
by Don Hanlon Johnson
Published 10 Sep 2018

“The Social Construction of Gay Oppression as a Determinant of Gay Men’s Health: ‘Homophobia Is Killing Us.’” Critical Public Health, 18(1), 87–96. Ahmed, S. (2006). “Orientations: Toward a Queer Phenomenology.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 12(4), 543–74. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2015. Barrès, R., Yan, J., Egan, B., Treebak, J. T., Rasmussen, M., Fritz, T., … Zierath, J. R. (2012). “Acute Exercise Remodels Promoter Methylation in Human Skeletal Muscle.” Cell Metabolism, 15(3), 405–11.

pages: 396 words: 116,332

Political Ponerology (A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes)
by Andrew M. Lobaczewski
Published 1 Jan 2006

Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994. Cleckley, Hervey. The Mask of Sanity. 4th Edition. St. Louis: Mosby, 1983. Dabrowski, Kazimierz. Psychoneurosis is Not an Illness. London: Gryf Publications Ltd., 1972. DeMause, Lloyd. Foundations of Psychohistory. New York: Creative Roots, 1982. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition. Doren, Dennis M. Understanding and Treating the Psychopath. New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1987. Drewa, Gerard (ed). Podstawy genetyki. Volumed. Wroclaw, 1995. Edwards, Paul (ed). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. & Free Press, 1972.

The Diet Myth: Why America's Obsessions With Weight Is Hazardous to Your Health
by Paul Campos
Published 4 May 2005

“It becomes easier to understand that preference when considering such data as that provided by a recent university study . . .” See Texas Monthly, January 1997, p. 106. Chapter 13 “Austin’s web page makes it even clearer . . .” See www.secure.deniseaustin.com. “Consider the classic symptoms of anorexia . . .” These descriptions are taken from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, (DSM-IV). “Despite a mass of epidemiological evidence that, in the words of one of the world’s most eminent obesity experts . . .” Ancel Keys, Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease (1980). “When someone such as Britney Spears . . .”

pages: 349 words: 114,038

Culture & Empire: Digital Revolution
by Pieter Hintjens
Published 11 Mar 2013

I'll look specifically at personality disorders, which compose half of psychiatric cases, and cover how we as individuals malfunction in society. As Wikipedia notes, "a person is classified as having a personality disorder if their abnormalities of behavior impair their social or occupational functioning." The Borgia Hypothesis The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, aka DSM, is the bible of Psychiatry, and lists about 300 mental disorders. The disorders are categorized in various dimensions. DSM makes interesting reading. What's particularly striking is how many symptoms of personality disorders are present in general society, people we know, and even ourselves if we look carefully.

pages: 424 words: 114,905

Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again
by Eric Topol
Published 1 Jan 2019

Of more than $200 billion per year the United States spends on mental health, the vast majority is tied to depression—and even with that great expenditure, not everyone is seen by a physician, let alone helped. In 2016, of the more than 16 million adults in the United States who had a major bout of depression, 37 percent received no treatment.22 There is much room for improvement. Until the biomarker era, depression was diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) when a patient met five of nine criteria, including depressed mood, changes in sleep or physical activity, feelings of worthlessness, and decreased pleasure (anhedonia). Many of these are hard to assess quantitatively or objectively. Several approaches have been attempted to make the diagnosis more quantitative.

Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences
by Edward Tenner
Published 1 Sep 1997

Studies from the Second World War also showed that symptoms could last for decades. As in earlier war neuroses, symptoms included vivid reexperience of traumatic wartime events, usually in sleep but sometimes while awake. Boulanger, following the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III), also lists "excessive autonomic arousal, hyperalertness, exaggerated startle reactions, difficulty falling asleep, and the feeling of being on the edge of losing control." It was the time lag between the traumatic event and the appearance of symptoms that delayed official recognition of the syndrome by American psychiatry."

Madoff: The Final Word
by Richard Behar
Published 9 Jul 2024

According to Navarro, Madoff was “well within the boundaries of an antisocial personality disorder and a psychopath. He certainly had all the features of what I reduce to the term of ‘social predator,’ because I think it’s easier for the public to understand.” If you look up antisocial personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association for clinicians, or if you look at Hare’s work on psychopaths, Bernie Madoff is well within those two boundaries, concludes Navarro, adding: “I’ve sat in rooms with psychopaths, and my legs shook because they had reptilian indifference.

pages: 357 words: 125,142

Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences
by Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star
Published 25 Aug 2000

Philosophers and statisticians have produced highly formal discussions of classification theory, but few empirical studies of use or impact. Both within and outside the academy, single categories or classes of categories may also become objects of contention and study. The above-mentioned demedicalization of the category homosexual in the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 3 (the DSM, a handbook of psychiatric classification) followed direct and vigorous lobbying of the APA by gay and lesbian advocates (Kirk and Kutchins 1992). During this same era, feminists were split on the subject of whether the categories of premenstrual syndrome and postpartum depression would be good or bad for women as they became included in the DSM.

pages: 389 words: 136,320

Three Felonies a Day: How the Feds Target the Innocent
by Harvey Silverglate
Published 6 Jun 2011

Feelscared: Drug warriors put the fear of prosecution in physicians who dare to treat pain,” Reason Online, http://www.reason.com/0408/fe.ms.dr.shtml. 1. 2. Disclosure: The law firm to which the author is “of counsel” represented one of Purdue Pharma’s executives. 3. According to pain therapists and The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, people who suffer from addiction exhibit: (1) loss of control over use of the drug, (2) continued use despite adverse life consequences, and (3) obsessive preoccupation with obtaining the drug and with its physical and psychic impact. A patient who makes fraudulent representations to the physician in order to obtain narcotics to “get high” is likely addicted, so that the withdrawal of the drug itself causes intense physical and psychological pain.

pages: 611 words: 130,419

Narrative Economics: How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events
by Robert J. Shiller
Published 14 Oct 2019

Austerity: When It Works and When It Doesn’t. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Aly, Samuel. 2017. “The Gracchi and the Era of Grain Reform in Ancient Rome.” Tenor of Our Times 6(6):10–21, https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor/vol6/iss1/6. American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. An, Zidong, João Tovar Jalles, and Prakash Loungani. 2018.“How Well Do Economists Forecast Recessions?” Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, March 5. Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.

pages: 519 words: 142,851

Columbine
by Dave Cullen
Published 3 Mar 2010

Psychologists and psychiatrists are split, but most experts on the condition use psychopath, and the bulk of the research is based on Hare’s checklist. A third term, antisocial personality disorder, or APD, was introduced in the 1970s and remains the only diagnosis included in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). However, it covers a much broader range of disorders than does psychopath and has been roundly rejected by leading researchers. So where do psychopaths come from? Researchers are divided, with the majority suggesting a mixed role: nature leading, nurture following.

pages: 541 words: 146,445

Spin
by Robert Charles Wilson
Published 2 Jan 2005

I waited until I had seen Lomax's helicopter lift off and his imperial cavalcade depart by the front gates; then I cleared my desk and tried to think about what I wanted to do. I found my hands were a little shaky. Not MS. Anger, maybe. Outrage. Pain. I wanted to diagnose it, not experience it. I wanted to banish it to the index pages of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. I was on my way past reception when Jason came through the door. He said, "I want to thank you for backing me up. I assume that means you aren't the one who told E.D. about Malmstein." "I wouldn't do that, Jase." "I accept that. But someone did. And that presents a problem. Because how many people are aware I've been seeing a neurologist?"

pages: 504 words: 147,660

In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters With Addiction
by Gabor Mate and Peter A. Levine
Published 5 Jan 2010

A recent study at Stanford University School of Medicine found that about 5.5 per cent of men and 6 per cent of women appear to be addicted shoppers. The lead researcher, Dr. Lorrin Koran, suggested that compulsive buying be recognized as a unique illness listed under its own heading in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the official psychiatric catalogue. Sufferers of this “new” disorder are afflicted by “an irresistible, intrusive and senseless impulse” to purchase objects they do not need. I don’t scoff at the harm done by shopping addiction—I’m in no position to do that—and I agree that Dr.

pages: 577 words: 149,554

The Problem of Political Authority: An Examination of the Right to Coerce and the Duty to Obey
by Michael Huemer
Published 29 Oct 2012

Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. Agan, Amanda, and Alexander Tabarrok. 2005. ‘What Are Private Governments Worth?’ Regulation 28, 3: 14–17. Allison, Graham. 2004. Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. New York: Henry Holt. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Arendt, Hannah. 1964. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, revised and enlarged edition. New York: Viking Press. Aristotle. 1941. The Basic Works of Aristotle, ed. Richard McKeon.

When You and Your Mother Can't Be Friends: Resolving the Most Complicated Relationship of Your Life
by Victoria Secunda
Published 30 Mar 1990

"Emotional Child Abuse" by Jean Seligmann, Newsweek, October 3, 1988, p. 48. p. 139 "She rejects, isolates, terrorizes . . ." Garbarino et al., The Psychologically Battered Child, p. 8. p. 139 "Such parents, he writes, 'perceive the child . . .' " Ibid., p. 57. p. 139 " 'Such a child then grows up . . .' " Kaplan, Oneness and Separateness, p. 203. p. 139 " 'narcissistic personality disorder.' ''The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (Washington, D.C.: the American Psychiatric Association, 1987), p. 349. i p. 140 "This lack of empathy makes it extremely difficult . . ." "Narcissism Looming Larger as Root of Personality Woes," by Daniel Goleman, The New York Times, November 1, 1988, p.

pages: 436 words: 148,809

The Sullivanians: Sex, Psychotherapy, and the Wild Life of an American Commune
by Alexander Stille
Published 19 Jun 2023

Army’s chief of psychiatry during World War II, reassured the public that, far from promoting interest in sex, the job of the psychoanalyst was often “to point out how the patient’s preoccupation with sex is interfering with a mature relationship with people and with constructive work.” In 1952, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the American Psychiatric Association classified homosexuality as a disease, listing it as a “sociopathic personality disturbance.” Many psychiatrists claimed to be able to cure patients of this disease. Pearce and Newton offered a more exciting and hedonic variation on traditional psychoanalysis.

The Master and His Emissary: The Divided Brain and the Making of the Western World
by Iain McGilchrist
Published 8 Oct 2012

I am relaxed about eating/around food. I can eat out in restaurants now.’66 Multiple personality disorder is another dissociative disorder, which has features of hypnotic suggestibility. It is also a characteristically modern condition, hitting popular consciousness in the 1950s, and first incorporated into DSM (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in 1980, although a small number of case reports of so-called ‘double personality’ aroused a good deal of interest in the late nineteenth century.67 It also clearly involves, albeit unconsciously, the most blatant abdication of responsibility (‘it wasn’t me – it was my other half!’).

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Reynolds, Penguin, Harmondsworth, UK, 2001 [Les mémoires de la Méditerranée 1998] Braun, C. M. J., ‘The evolution of hemispheric specialisation of antagonistic systems of management of the body’s energy sources’, Laterality, 2007, 12(5), pp. 397–427 Braun, C. M. J., Daigneault, R., Gaudelet, S. et al., ‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition symptoms of mania: which one(s) result(s) more often from right than left hemisphere lesions?’, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2008, 49(5), pp. 441–59 Braun, C. M. J., Delisle, J., Guimond, A. et al., ‘Post unilateral lesion response biases modulate memory: crossed double dissociation of hemispheric specialisations’, Laterality, 2009, 14(2), pp. 122–64 Braun, C.

pages: 522 words: 162,310

Fantasyland: How America Went Haywire: A 500-Year History
by Kurt Andersen
Published 4 Sep 2017

At the time, some big-time American psychiatrists were successfully promoting multiple personality disorder as a diagnosis. The basic theory is that extreme childhood trauma causes people to repress the traumatic memories by developing “alters,” characters they perform later in life as adults. Such cases were always exceedingly rare. But in 1980, psychiatry’s bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, for the first time included multiple personality disorder as a full-fledged diagnosis. Why the sudden extreme professional interest in this rare and controversial diagnosis? Another piece of pop culture, another powerfully influential artifact of the fantasy-industrial complex.

pages: 684 words: 173,622

Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief
by Lawrence Wright
Published 17 Jan 2013

Travolta said that Hubbard’s writings had been misinterpreted, and he later provided some references that Katy could use to defend herself. When Hubbard wrote Dianetics, in 1950, he reflected the prevailing social prejudices, including the psychiatric community, which considered homosexuality a mental illness. (It was not removed from the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders until 1973.) “The sexual pervert”—by which Hubbard meant the homosexual—“is actually quite ill physically,” he writes. The following year, he published the Tone Scale in Science of Survival. Near the bottom, at 1.1 on the scale, is the Covertly Hostile personality.

pages: 687 words: 165,457

Exercised: The Science of Physical Activity, Rest and Health
by Daniel Lieberman
Published 2 Sep 2020

J., and McDade, T. (2006), Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the cosleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedsharing, and breast feeding, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 6:134–52; Fleming, P., Blair, P., and McKenna, J. J. (2006), New knowledge, new insights, new recommendations, Archives of Diseases in Childhood 91:799–801. 48 For diagnosable insomnia, see Ohayon, M. M., and Reynolds, C. F., III (2009), Epidemiological and clinical relevance of insomnia diagnosis algorithms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-IV) and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), Sleep Medicine 10:952–60. For self-reported claims on insomnia, see Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 3 adults don’t get enough sleep, press release, Feb. 18, 2016, www.cdc.gov. 49 Mai, E., and Buysse, D.

Alpha Trader
by Brent Donnelly
Published 11 May 2021

Attitudes toward risk are highly innate and very difficult to modify even with the healthiest, most growth-oriented mindset. Sensation-seeking and gambling often go hand in hand. To get a sense of whether you are trading to feed your desire for excitement (i.e., as a form of gambling) take a look at the following excerpt from the DSM-V. The DSM-V or DSM5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for identifying mental disorders and it is the authoritative guide to mental illness throughout most of the world. Here, I have taken the section on identifying gambling disorder (previously known as pathological gambling) and replaced the word “gambling” with “trading”.

Fantasyland
by Kurt Andersen
Published 5 Sep 2017

pages: 566 words: 169,013

Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks From the Stone Age to AI
by Yuval Noah Harari
Published 9 Sep 2024

What students of biology, anthropology, and history learn at university in the early twenty-first century is very different from what they learned there a century previously. Psychiatry offers numerous similar examples for strong self-correcting mechanisms. On the shelf of most psychiatrists you can find the DSM—the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It is occasionally nicknamed the psychiatrists’ bible. But there is a crucial difference between the DSM and the Bible. First published in 1952, the DSM is revised every decade or two, with the fifth edition appearing in 2013. Over the years, the definition of many disorders has changed, new ones have been added, while others have been deleted.

pages: 741 words: 199,502

Human Diversity: The Biology of Gender, Race, and Class
by Charles Murray
Published 28 Jan 2020

In 2010, 52 percent of adolescent referrals were female; by 2016, that figure had risen to 72 percent.42 The UK data also show a steep rise in referrals of adolescents, from 92 in 2010 to 1,497 in 2016, but it is difficult to disentangle how this growth is divided among increases in incidence, awareness of the existence of the service, and GIDS’s area of coverage. Taken together, how many people qualify as transgender? The fifth (2013) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association put the incidence rate at 0.5–1.4 percent for males and 0.2–0.3 percent for women. A 2015 meta-analysis of prevalence studies reached much smaller estimates of 0.0068 percent for women and 0.0026 percent for men.43 Kenneth Zucker pulled together the available epidemiological data in a 2017 article and reached an overall estimate of 0.5–1.3 percent.44 Whichever of these numbers is closest to the truth, only a small proportion of such people have undergone the major sex reassignment surgery that is popularly associated with transgender identity.45 I have left many aspects of sexual identity unaddressed not because they are intrinsically unimportant but because of my limited objective: The first five chapters of Human Diversity discuss sex differences, making it important to establish that those chapters are not ignoring large proportions of people who do not fit the ordinary definition of male or female.

Reaganland: America's Right Turn 1976-1980
by Rick Perlstein
Published 17 Aug 2020

Syndicated advice columnist Ann Landers answered a letter-writer agonizing over her gay brother’s suicide by quoting a psychiatrist: “over and over again it is found that a homosexual male has had an intense relationship with the mother and a deficient relationship with the father.” The advice columnist concluded, “Perhaps just knowing these facts will help some parents to rear their children to be sexually normal.” Then, however, activists won a change in the American Psychiatric Association professional bible, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: it would no longer classify homosexuality as a disease. After that, it felt like nothing but open-field running. In 1974, in Massachusetts, Elaine Noble became the nation’s first openly gay state legislator. In 1975, San Francisco elected a pro-gay sheriff, Richard Hongisto, and a pro-gay mayor, George Moscone.

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Arthur Goldberg Ibid., 78–79. Frank Kameny Ibid., 110–124. “Persecution of homosexuals” Ibid., 117. “age of sexual consent” Ibid., 121. Barney Frank Ibid., 125. Minneapolis Ibid., 227. Atlanta Ibid., 80–81, 319–321. Troy Perry Ibid., 175–187. Ann Landers June 25, 1973, column. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Clendinen and Nagourney, Out for Good, 199–207. Elaine Noble Ibid., 218–24; Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1982), 124–25. thirty-seven cities Gillian Frank, “ ‘The Civil Rights of Parents.’ ” Leonard Matlovich Time, September 8, 1975.

pages: 778 words: 239,744

Gnomon
by Nick Harkaway
Published 18 Oct 2017

Definitely time to punch him in the face – although rage, now: rage is a great clearer-out of the mental attic, I will say that. It’s so sheer and sharp that I’m no longer confused. Stella, yes. I like Stella, and I honestly don’t give a shit if she’s mad or not. When we leave here together, which we will do, we will be of the Fifteen Hundred, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual applies to other people. If she believes she’s the reincarnation of my dead girlfriend and I say she is, then that is what her passport will say. It is what people will accept. I am Constantine Kyriakos, and I have ascended, in this moment, not to the role of Hierophant in some dead religion, but to the far more comfortable and powerful seat of motherfucking billionaire.

pages: 706 words: 237,378

Full Catastrophe Living (Revised Edition): Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness
by Jon Kabat-Zinn
Published 23 Sep 2013

The retaining and walling off of such traumatic psychological experiences must induce enormous stress in the body, which, years down the road, undermines physical health. As we shall see, there are many mechanisms by which this can happen. Mary attended the MBSR program in 1980, in the very year that the term PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) was coined and included in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a key handbook for mental health professionals that is periodically updated and revised. It took many years, though, for PTSD to be understood, and for high-quality research to be conducted on the biological, neurological, and psychological effects of childhood and adult trauma.

pages: 623 words: 448,848

Food Allergy: Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives
by Dean D. Metcalfe
Published 15 Dec 2008

Awareness and acknowledgment of the psychological factors involved in food allergy and psychogenic food reactions, together with the other diagnostic and therapeutic modalities discussed in this book, offers a more comprehensive approach and provides physicians and patients with greater insight in the management of this problem. References 1 DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. 2 Pearson DJ. Psychologic and somatic interrelationships in allergy and pseudoallergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;1:351–9. 3 Stoudemire A, Fogel BS, Greenberg DB (eds.). Psychiatric Care of the Medical Patient.