Donald Shoup Concepts

Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World

by Henry Grabar · 8 May 2023 · 413pp · 115,274 words

in the reptilian cortex, the most primitive part of the brain, said to govern instinctive behavior involved in aggression, dominance, territoriality, and ritual display,” writes Donald Shoup, the country’s foremost parking scholar. It’s not hard to grasp what makes parking a fixation: without a place to park, you can never

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the city planners and cared more about cities than the parking guys. In 2005, an economist at the University of California at Los Angeles named Donald Shoup published The High Cost of Free Parking. It was a sensation, and not just for a 733-page doorstop about car storage. Shoup got a

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of the last sixty years began with a series of surveys, which the ITE recommended as early as 1950. Louis Sullivan said form follows function; Donald Shoup said form follows parking requirements. Above, no parking required. One space per 500 square feet of interior space. One space per 250 square feet of

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housing in blighted areas. Downtown LA qualified. That was great for financing new apartments, not so great for marketing them. In 2010, Michael Manville and Donald Shoup tried to isolate the effects of the new, laissez-faire parking regime downtown. Manville called up every downtown builder he could find and asked them

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York? How much revenue, and public welfare, could be unearthed at the curb? Stephen Smyth, the founder of Coord, had much the same pitch as Donald Shoup: the land was valuable, and it was being sold for far below market price (or worse, given away). Coord, which was backed by Google’s

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Condon’s The Chicago Parking Meter Concession of 2008, Catherine Miller’s essay on parking in history, JB Jackson’s essay on the garage, and Donald Shoup’s The High Cost of Free Parking. Don Shoup deserves to be singled out here, for his kindness, generosity, and encouragement as I took on

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, even when I wasn’t so sure. There’s no one I’d rather look for a spot with. Notes Introduction “Thinking about parking seems”: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, updated ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011), xxiii. Go to note reference in text spit in their food: Claudia Peschiutta

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Vitti, aired November 19, 1992, on Fox. Go to note reference in text parking in America is free: Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey 1990, cited in Donald Shoup, “An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements,” Journal of the American Planning Association 61, no. 1 (1995), doi.org/10.1080/01944369508975616. Go to note

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/2118-04. Go to note reference in text “Anyone who purchases”: Rachel Weinberger, “Parking Mismanagement: An RX for Congestion,” in Parking and the City, ed. Donald Shoup (New York: Routledge, 2018), 103. Go to note reference in text A separate study found: Zhan Guo, “Residential Street Parking and Car Ownership: A Study

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Investments: Indicators of Success (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2014), doi.org/10.17226/22355. Go to note reference in text fell by 17 percent: Donald Shoup, “Evaluating the Effects of Cashing out Employer-Paid Parking: Eight Case Studies,” Transport Policy 4, no. 4 (October 1997), 201–16, doi.org/10.1016

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-solo-car-commutes-charge-for-parking-by-the-day. Go to note reference in text parking is a kind of narcotic: Victor Dover, quoted in Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, updated ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011), 122. Go to note reference in text exposed to a parking crater: Kelcie

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-decision-to-remove-over-20-parking-spaces. Go to note reference in text “My earliest memory”: Donald Shoup, interview with the author, February 20, 2020. Go to note reference in text In 1998, all of America’s: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, updated ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011), 208. Go to

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Parking, 78. Go to note reference in text Memphis and Miami had: Seth Goodman, “The United States of Parking,” in Parking and the City, ed. Donald Shoup (New York: Routledge, 2018), 109–24. Go to note reference in text “People would come in”: Daniel McKenna-Foster, interview with the author, October 2

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Policies, ed. Corinne Mulley and Stephen Ison (Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2014), 33–56. Go to note reference in text “some patrons will not be able”: Donald Shoup, “Cashing Out Employer-Paid Parking: An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements,” Journal of the American Planning Association (Winter 1995): 14–28. Go to note

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Is Hardly for Gold, New York Times, January 15, 1988. Go to note reference in text Between July 2011 and January 2013: Gregory Pierce and Donald Shoup, “SFpark: Pricing Parking by Demand,” Access 43 (Fall 2013): 20–28, accessmagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2015/10/SFpark.pdf. Go to note

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in text “I had some architect”: Mott Smith, interview with the author, February 20, 2020. Go to note reference in text were like “dark energy”: Donald Shoup, Introduction, in Parking and the City, 18. Go to note reference in text “The A&P parking lot”: Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, “A

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“The city looks like hell”: Tom Gilmore, interview with the author, October 15, 2020. Go to note reference in text That first year, Disney Hall: Donald Shoup, High Cost of Free Parking, updated ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011), 160. Go to note reference in text historic conversions, in new buildings: Downtown Center

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-money-comes-from-only-one-place. Go to note reference in text Portland had been an early adopter: Donald Shoup, “On-Street Parking Management Versus Off-Street Parking Requirements,” in Parking and the City, ed. Donald Shoup (New York: Routledge, 2018), 228. Go to note reference in text In 2021, the city’s largest

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9, 2020. Go to note reference in text If the garage was underground: Rider Levett Bucknall, “Quarterly Construction Cost Report, Third Quarter (2012),” cited in Donald Shoup, “The High Cost of Minimum Parking Requirements,” in Parking: Issues and Policies, ed. Corinne Mulley and Stephen Ison (Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2014), 92. Go to

Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time

by Jeff Speck · 13 Nov 2012 · 342pp · 86,256 words

economics, and teaches at UCLA, where he was chair of the Department of Urban Planning and ran the Institute of Transportation Studies. His name is Donald Shoup and, inside an admittedly small circle, he is a rock star. He is alternately hailed as the “Jane Jacobs of parking policy” and the “prophet

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parking minimums for new shops, offices, and apartments near Metro stations.22 They have decided to leave commercial parking provision to the free market, as Donald Shoup recommends. Even smaller suburban cities are beginning to find that their parking requirements are routinely too high. A useful experiment was conducted in progressive Palo

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on the thought leaders in their subjects, roughly as follows: economics: Chris Leinberger and Joe Cortright; health: Richard Jackson, Howie Frumkin, and Lawrence Frank; parking: Donald Shoup; transit: Yonah Freemark; safety: Dan Burden; biking: Jeff Mapes and Robert Hurst; and urban triage: Andres Duany. While this list is by no means complete

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, 8. 5. Patrick Condon,“Canadian Cities American Cities: Our Differences Are the Same,” 16. 6. Ibid., 8. 7. Witold Rybczynski, City Life, 160–61. 8. Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, 65. 9. Bob Levey and Jane Freundel-Levey, “End of the Roads,” 1. 10. Ibid., 2–3. 11. Ibid

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. Martha Groves, “He Put Parking in Its Place.” 2. Ibid. 3. Eric Betz, “The First Nationwide Count of Parking Spaces Demonstrates Their Environmental Cost.” 4. Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, 189. 5. Catherine Lutz and Anne Lutz Fernandez, Carjacked, 8. 6. Ibid. 7. Shoup, 83. 8. Ibid., 591. 9

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. Ibid., 498. 38. Ibid., 122. 39. Ibid., 327, 310, 14, 359. 40. Ibid., 328. 41. Ibid., 400. 42. Ibid., 380–81. 43. Douglas Kolozsvari and Donald Shoup, “Turning Small Change into Big Changes.” 44. Shoup, 299. 45. Ibid., 383. 46. Ibid., 391–92. 47. Groves. 48. Bill Fulton, mayor of Ventura, blog

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TRANSIT WORK 1. Yonah Freemark, “Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady.” Data from U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, October 13, 2010. 2. Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, 2. 3. Peter Newman, Timothy Beatley, and Heather Boyer, Resilient Cities, 86–87. 4. Freemark, “Transit Mode Share Trends

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Bike-Sharing Programs.” USA Today, May 9, 2011. Kolbert, Elizabeth. “XXXL: Why Are We So Fat?” The New Yorker, July 20, 2009. Kolozsvari, Douglas, and Donald Shoup. “Turning Small Change into Big Changes.” Access, no. 23 (2003). shoup.bol.ucla.edu/SmallChange.pdf. Kooshian, Chuck, and Steve Winkelman. “Growing Wealthier: Smart Growth

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village of Rosemary Beach, Florida, which I helped DPZ design in the late 1990s. As of last count, there are 214 “carriage house” apartments there. ●Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, 25. Shoup’s book is 751 pages long and weighs three and a quarter pounds, but after we are

Life After Cars: Freeing Ourselves From the Tyranny of the Automobile

by Sarah Goodyear, Doug Gordon and Aaron Naparstek · 21 Oct 2025 · 330pp · 85,349 words

Free “I think that parking is one of the deepest problems that we have in the United States, and in the rest of the world,” Donald Shoup told us. Shoup, an engineer and urban planning professor who died in 2025, is best known as the author of a 2005 book, The High

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-line approach to car storage taking hold in less dense North American cities, parking reform could lead quickly to more livable, safer, and healthier cities. Donald Shoup proposed that cities start by fairly pricing the curb and putting the money they collect toward improvements like street trees, trash pickup, and plantings. And

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artist” who leads elected officials on walks to help them see just how hostile automobile infrastructure can be for the people they serve; the late Donald Shoup, the economist and professor who wrote the definitive text on how free parking distorts and degrades our cities; Cyprine Odada, who leads Critical Mass bike

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Zivarts, Charles T. Brown, Greg Shill, David Zipper, Gretchen Sorin, Sarah Seo, Jessica Valenti, Bob Sorokanich, Kendra Pierre-Louis, Marley Blonsky, George Hahn, Dan Savage, Donald Shoup, Cory Doctorow, Nitish Pahwa, Bernie Wagenblast, Amy Westervelt, Jamelle Bouie, David Roberts, Anil Dash, Adam Conover, Rick Steves, Derek Guy, Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan, Bill

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McKibben, Ed Begley Jr., Nick Offerman, and Adam McKay. We also owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to the late professor Donald Shoup, for his wit, wisdom, and the ability to make the invisible visible. Thank you to Susan Mocarski and the entire Cleverhood crew in Providence, Rhode

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, “The High Cost of Free Parking,” January 17, 2023, thewaroncars.org/2023/01/17/the-high-cost-of-free-parking-with-donald-shoup. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Shoup, an engineer: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking (Planners Press, 2005), 7. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “Cities require off-street

Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions

by Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths · 4 Apr 2016 · 523pp · 143,139 words

ins and outs of parking than the man described by the Los Angeles Times as “the parking rock star,” UCLA Distinguished Professor of Urban Planning Donald Shoup? We drove down from Northern California to visit him, reassuring Shoup that we’d be leaving plenty of time for unexpected traffic. “As for planning

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acceptable tomorrow” (ibid.). “parking for the faculty”: Clark Kerr, as quoted in “Education: View from the Bridge,” Time, November 17, 1958. “plan on expected traffic”: Donald Shoup, personal correspondence, June 2013. implemented in downtown San Francisco: More information on the SFpark system developed by the SFMTA, and its Shoup-inspired dynamic pricing

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effects of the program, see Millard-Ball, Weinberger, and Hampshire, “Is the Curb 80% Full or 20% Empty?” when occupancy goes from 90% to 95%: Donald Shoup, personal interview, June 7, 2013. To be precise, the increase from 90% to 95% occupancy reflects an increase of 5.555 … percent. Assume you’re

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be unknown. MacQueen and Miller, “Optimal Persistence Policies,” independently considered a continuous version of the problem that allows circling the block. “I ride my bike”: Donald Shoup, personal interview, June 7, 2013. Forbes magazine identified Boris Berezovsky: Forbes, “World’s Billionaires,” July 28, 1997, p. 174. one of a new class of

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Norvig, Christos Papadimitriou, Meghan Peterson, Scott Plagenhoef, Anita Pomerantz, Balaji Prabhakar, Kirk Pruhs, Amnon Rapoport, Ronald Rivest, Ruth Rosenholtz, Tim Roughgarden, Stuart Russell, Roma Shah, Donald Shoup, Steven Skiena, Dan Smith, Paul Smolensky, Mark Steyvers, Chris Stucchio, Milind Tambe, Robert Tarjan, Geoff Thorpe, Jackson Tolins, Michael Trick, Hal Varian, James Ware, Longhair

Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (And What It Says About Us)

by Tom Vanderbilt · 28 Jul 2008 · 512pp · 165,704 words

not so much the lack of street parking but the plentiful abundance of free or underpriced parking. This finding has sparked the fiery crusade of Donald Shoup, a bearded, bow-tied, and bicycling economist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the author of a seven-hundred-page, cult-sensation tome

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intimate view into patroling the highway and answered any number of statistical queries. At UCLA, a number of people across different departments shared their expertise: Donald Shoup, Jay Phelan, Brian D. Taylor, Randall Crane, and Jack Katz. At Stanford University, thanks to Sebastian Thrun and Michael Montemerlo. In the New York region

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, vol. 33 (1981), pp. 302–10. is “good enough”: See Herbert Simon, Administrative Behavior, 4th ed. (New York: Free Press, 1997). of their time parked: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking (Chicago: American Planning Association, 2005), p. 6. subsidized parking spots: Bruce Schaller, “Free Parking, Congested Streets,” March 1, 2007

Carmageddon: How Cars Make Life Worse and What to Do About It

by Daniel Knowles · 27 Mar 2023 · 278pp · 91,332 words

. There is one man, a softly spoken, bearded academic economist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who has documented this madness. His name is Donald Shoup, and I interviewed him at the UCLA campus, a lovely, green expanse that is only marginally—by the standards of the city—wrecked by its

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.) Similarly, building lots of houses without parking is proving tricky in many cities. But even there, there are gentle policies that are making a difference. Donald Shoup, the UCLA parking supremo, proposed one idea that, though modest, actually got passed into law in California more than thirty years ago. It is called

How Cycling Can Save the World

by Peter Walker · 3 Apr 2017 · 231pp · 69,673 words

I pay when, if I apply myself, maybe I could get it for free?” This quote is used in a New York Times article13 by Donald Shoup, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. Shoup has devoted much of his career to a single subject, penning two dozen papers on it as

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of Transportation, “The Economic Benefits of Sustainable Streets,” 2016, http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/dot-economic-benefits-of-sustainable-streets.pdf. 13 Donald Shoup, “Gone Parkin’,” The New York Times, March 29, 2007. 14 Interview with the author. 15 Shoup, “Gone Parkin’.” 16 Ibid. 17

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of Minimum Parking Requirements,” in Parking: Issues and Policies (Transport and Sustainability, Volume 5) (2014):87–113, http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/HighCost.pdf. 18 Donald Shoup, “The High Cost of Free Parking,” Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 17 (1997):3–20, http://www.uctc.net/research/papers/351.pdf

Road to ruin: an introduction to sprawl and how to cure it

by Dom Nozzi · 15 Dec 2003 · 282pp · 69,481 words

for offices was 36 percent higher than average demand.5 Today, it is typical to provide parking for the “20th busiest hour of use,” but Donald Shoup notes that this leaves at least half of a shopping center’s parking vacant for at least 40 percent of the year.6 Further evidence

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affair with cars, yet they tend to breed car trips that would not have occurred had there not been so much free parking provided. Indeed, Donald Shoup calls minimum parking requirements a “fertility drug for cars.” The relentless demand for more parking in many downtowns harks to the old Vietnam adage that

Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It

by M. Nolan Gray · 20 Jun 2022 · 252pp · 66,183 words

traditional walkable patterns of development. The ideal path for reform-minded cities is to follow the formula set out by economist and parking policy guru Donald Shoup: correctly price the on-street parking and let developers determine how much off-street parking, if any, is necessary for each development.4 By applying

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more about minimum parking requirements when we talk about the relationship between zoning and the environment. But for a deep dive into this topic, see Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking, 2nd ed. (New York: Routledge, 2011). 12. See City of Charlotte, North Carolina, “Code of Ordinances,” Table 12.202

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, and Maxwell Palmer (Cambridge University Press, 2019). • For more on the high cost of certain zoning rules, see The High Cost of Free Parking by Donald Shoup (Routledge, 2011). CHAPTER 4: THE WEALTH WE LOST • For an early study of how artificial constraints on housing in wealthy cities are driving economic stagnation

Street Smart: The Rise of Cities and the Fall of Cars

by Samuel I. Schwartz · 17 Aug 2015 · 340pp · 92,904 words

hard to overstate its importance in building a successful multimodal transportation system or, for that matter, turning streets back into livable places. Back in 1997, Donald Shoup, then at the Department of Urban Planning at UCLA, wrote one of the most cited papers in the entire transportation literature, “The High Cost of