Eyjafjallajökull

Lonely Planet Iceland (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Carolyn Bain and Alexis Averbuck
Published 31 Mar 2015

Rte 1 (Under Eyjafjallajökull) The Ring Road (Rte 1) goes directly through the flood zone that was inundated with muddy ash during the infamous Eyjafjallajökull (ay-ya-fiat-la-yo-gootl) eruption in 2010. There's a loose string of guesthouses and farmsteads. 1Sights Eyjafjallajökull Visitor CentreEXHIBITION (Þorvaldseyri Visitor Center – Iceland Erupts; GOOGLE MAP ; %487 8815; www.icelanderupts.is; Þorvaldseyri; adult/child Ikr750/free; h9am-6pm Jun-Aug, 10am-4pm May & Sep, 11am-4pm Oct-Apr) This centre, about 7km before Skógar, is on a farm on the southern flanks of Eyjafjallajökull which was impacted by the 2010 eruption.

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When their fire-breathing fury is unleashed, the world often has no choice but to take notice (remember Eyjafjallajökull?). Vatnajökull The island’s ice queen is Europe’s largest ice cap and the namesake for its largest national park. Don’t miss the chance to explore this endless kingdom of white aboard a snowmobile. Ice cave, Vatnajökull ELLI THOR MAGNUSSON/ GETTY IMAGES © Eyjafjallajökull We’ve all heard the name (or at least heard people try to pronounce the name) of the treacherous eruption that spewed impenetrable tufts of ash over Europe in 2010, causing the cancellation of thousands of flights. Eruption under Eyjafjallajökull MARK HAMBLIN/GETTY IMAGES © Hekla & Katla Like wicked stepsisters from some Icelandic fairytale, Hekla and Katla are volatile beasts that dominate many of the southern vistas, threatening to belch forth steam, smoke and oozing lava that melts the nearby glaciers and floods the southern plains.

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AtlantsflugFLIGHT TOUR (%854 4105; www.flightseeing.is; Reykjavík Domestic Airport) Offers flightseeing tours from Reykjavík, Bakki Airport and Skaftafell. From Reykjavík Domestic Airport you can overfly Eyjafjallajökull crater or Reykjanes Peninsula, or take a day-trip with tours around Skaftafell and Jökulsárlón glacial lagoon. Reykjavík HelicoptersFLIGHT TOUR (%589 100; www.rehe.is; Reykjavík Domestic Airport; tours from Ikr69,000) Helicopter trips all over: including Glymur (Iceland's tallest waterfall) and volcanoes such as Eyjafjallajökull and Hekla. NorðurflugFLIGHT TOUR (%562 2500; www.helicopter.is) Helicopters fly over Reykjavík, or zip to craters, waterfalls, glaciers and beyond.

Lonely Planet Iceland
by Lonely Planet

Sleeping-bag accommodation with/without bathroom costs kr4500/3800. 8Getting There & Away Strætó, Sterna, Trex and Reykjavík Excursions buses from Reykjavík to Skógar and beyond, or to Þórsmörk, stop at Seljalandsfoss. South of Eyjafjallajökull The Ring Road (Rte 1) goes directly through the flood zone south of Eyjafjallajökull (ay-ya-fiat-la-yo-gootl) volcano that was inundated with muddy ash during the infamous eruption in 2010. The gorgeous area skirts its lower cliffs and foothills, and is scored by waterfalls and dotted with farms. 1Sights & Activities Eyjafjallajökull Visitor CentreMUSEUM (Þorvaldseyri Visitor Center – Iceland Erupts; GOOGLE MAP ; %487 8815; www.icelanderupts.is; Þorvaldseyri; adult/child kr800/free; h9am-6pm Jun-Aug, 10am-4pm May & Sep, 11am-4pm Mon-Fri Oct-Apr) This centre, about 7km west of Skógar on the Ring Road, is on a farm on the southern flanks of Eyjafjallajökull that was impacted by the 2010 eruption.

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Fljótshlíð Rte 261 follows the mossy green edge of the lush Fljótshlíð hills, offering great views of their waterfalls, such as Gluggafoss, on one side, and the Markarfljót river delta and Eyjafjallajökull on the other. The surfaced section of the road ends soon after the farm and church at Hlíðarendi, once the home of Gunnar Hámundarson from Njál’s Saga. With a 4WD you can continue along road F261 towards Landmannalaugar and Tindfjöll – a hiker’s paradise. Though it seems tantalisingly close, Þórsmörk can only be reached via Rte F249. TTours Midgard Adventure and Southcoast Adventure run hiking and canyoning tours in Tindfjöll and around the region. ÓbyggðaferðirQUAD-BIKE TOURS (%661 2503; www.atvtravel.is; Lambalæk) Quad-bike tours around Eyjafjallajökull, Þórsmörk and beyond.

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Serene, majestic scenery belies Iceland's fiery heart – there are some 30 active volcanoes, and many of them lie under thick ice. When their fire-breathing fury is unleashed, the world often has no choice but to take notice (remember Eyjafjallajökull?). Farmhouse at foot of Hekla volcano | Lottie Davies/lonely planet © Vatnajökull The island’s ice queen is Europe’s largest ice cap and the namesake for its largest national park. Don’t miss the chance to explore this endless kingdom of white aboard a snowmobile. Ice cave, Vatnajökull | OZZO Photography/500px © Eyjafjallajökull We’ve all heard the name (or at least heard people try to pronounce the name) of the treacherous eruption that spewed impenetrable tufts of ash over Europe in 2010, causing the cancellation of thousands of flights.

Lonely Planet Pocket Reykjavík & Southwest Iceland
by Lonely Planet

(Ljósmyndasafn Reykjavíkur; %411 6390; www.photomuseum.is; 6th fl, Tryggvagata 15, Grófarhús; adult/ child 1000kr/free; h10am-6pm Mon-Thu, 11am-6pm Fri, 1-5pm Sat & Sun) 1Volcano HouseMuseum map Google map This modern theatre with a hands-on lava exhibit in the foyer screens a 55-minute pair of films (hourly) about the Vestmannaeyjar volcanoes and Eyjafjallajökull. They show in German, French, Icelandic or Swedish once daily during the summer. (%555 1900; www.volcanohouse.is; Tryggvagata 11; adult/child 1990/1000kr; h9am-10pm) 1RáðhúsNotable Building map Google map Reykjavík’s waterside Ráðhús is a beautifully positioned postmodern construction of concrete stilts, tinted windows and mossy walls rising from Tjörnin.

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. (%486 1016; www.gallerilaugarvatn.is; Háholt 1, Laugarvatn; h8am-6pm Thu-Tue) South Coast The Ring Road (Rte 1) sweeps southeast of Reykjavík through wide coastal plains before the landscape grows wonderfully jagged near Skógar and Vík. Inland, mountains thrust upwards and volcanoes are wreathed by mist (such as Eyjafjallajökull, which erupted in 2010, disrupting much of Europe). Here awesome glaciers glimmer as rivers carve their way to black-sand beaches and the sea. The South Coast is enormous, so pick your focus. Take the Ring Road east, stopping near Hella for horse riding and Hvolsvöllur’s LAVA Centre for volcano studies.

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Other options include exploring fishing villages at Stokkseyri and Eyrarbakki, or visiting Vestmannaeyjar. After lunch at Gamla Fjósið discover folk culture at Skógar and massive ice tongues at Sólheimajökull. Zip along to Vík’s magnificent coastline at Dyrhólaey and Reynisfjara. Book ahead for dinner at Suður-Vík before powering back to Reykjavík. Eyjafjallajökull | BRIAN MAUDSLEY/SHUTTERSTOCK © Getting There & Around Almost all Reykjavík-based tour companies head to the south; many local operators also pick up in Reykjavík. u Gives the most freedom; roads are good except deep inland. g This region has some of the country’s most popular routes, with Strætó, Sterna and Reykjavík Excursions offering lines.

The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It
by Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan
Published 15 Mar 2014

Drug companies and agricultural producers suffered losses on “perishable goods,” and even organ transplants had to be canceled as Europe’s skies were suddenly emptied.4 The aggregate impact of the eruption was estimated to be a loss of about $5 billion in global GDP, with the negative impact not restricted to Europe (figure 4.1). Figure 4.1. The global impact of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption. Oxford Economics implies that these costs relate to the immediate disruption of air traffic in the weeks following the eruption. Oxford Economics, 2010, The Economic Impacts of Air Travel Restrictions Due to Volcanic Ash, report prepared for Airbus (Oxford, UK: Oxford Economics), 5. Used with permission. Although Eyjafjallajökull’s eruption was a particularly large-scale event, disruptions of transport infrastructure from natural disasters are not rare.

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The exchanges in London and Frankfurt were affected because such a high share of the listed corporations held offices on Wall Street. When the Nock-ten typhoon hit Thailand in 2011, it affected car and computer manufacturers all over the world because profit-driven outsourcing had led many firms to the same cost-efficient location. When the Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull volcano halted European air traffic for almost a week in April 2010, the loss of business and delays in parcel delivery caused an estimated US$5 billion in losses to the world economy, with the effect felt as far away as Kenya and Zambia, which were unable to send flower and fresh fruit exports via air freight.53 Similarly, the Japanese earthquake of 2011 and the subsequent tsunami that damaged the Fukushima nuclear power plant threatened to impair a major global bank’s operations in Tokyo involving 1,500 employees and thereby to “disrupt sales and trading in Hong Kong, Seoul, and other capital centers.”54 What these instances had in common is that the source of the economic hazard in each case was entirely geographical.

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These two risks can be illustrated simply: complexity means that a failure at one node (for example, an airport) is likely to have systemic consequences that could easily affect multiple sectors of the economy, multiple countries, and millions of only indirectly connected global citizens. Vulnerability means that this one node is more likely to fail. Spatial Risks In recent years there have been numerous examples of hazards striking the transport network and hence being turned into systemic events. The largest-scale example is the impact of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull’s eruption on 14 April 2010. The resulting ash cloud was carried across Europe and had effects worldwide. The particles of volcanic ash consisted of “small jagged pieces of rock, mineral and natural glass” that ranged in size from as small as 0.001 millimeters (1⁄25,000 inch) to 2 millimeters (1⁄12 inch).1 The cloud forced many countries to halt air traffic for six consecutive days amid fears that particles would disrupt plane engines and flight paths.

The Mini Rough Guide to Iceland (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 11 Mar 2022

c.870 A Norwegian, Hrafna-Flóki, tries to settle in the West Fjords, calling the land Ísland (Iceland). 874 Ingólfur Arnarson and his family and friends settle on Iceland. 1000 Christianity is adopted as Iceland’s official religion. 13th–14th centuries Norway and Denmark feud over ruling of Iceland. 1389 Huge eruption of Mt Hekla, followed by the Black Death. 15th century England and Germany battle to control the cod trade. 1662–1854 Trade monopoly with Denmark. 1783 Eruption of Lakagígar craters poisons land and leads to famine. 1800 Danish King abolishes the Alþingi; it is reinstated in 1843. 1874 Denmark gives the Alþingi autonomy over domestic affairs. 1918 Iceland made a sovereign state under the Danish monarch. 1944 Independence from Denmark declared on 17 June. 1952–75 Cod Wars (1952, 1958, 1972, 1975) with the UK. 1955 Halldór Laxness wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1963 Surtsey Island created by an underwater volcanic eruption. 1973 Volcanic eruption on Heimaey Island. 1986 Nuclear summit between Reagan and Gorbachev held in Reykjavík. 1994 Iceland enters the European Economic Area. 2000 Mt Hekla eruption in February; earthquakes in June. 2006 Iceland resumes commercial whaling. 2010 Eyjafjallajökull erupts, bringing Europe’s air traffic to a standstill. 2015 Iceland’s application for EU membership is withdrawn; the Bárðarbunga volcano erupts. 2016 Historian Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson becomes Iceland’s youngest president. Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson resigns. 2020 Hildur Guðnadóttir becomes the first Icelander to win an Oscar for her music to The Joker.

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Here, there is a turning northeast to Þórsmörk & [map] , a beautiful nature reserve sheltered between three glaciers. City dwellers from Reykjavík flock here in summer to enjoy mountain walks and lovely views. Note that you have to ford several glacial rivers to get to Þórsmörk, so the route is only open to 4WDs or mountain buses, not ordinary cars. Skógar This area sits under Eyjafjallajökull: the 2010 eruptions under the glacier covered everything for miles around in thick grey ash. 10km (6.2 miles) east, tiny Skógar * [map] is home to a meticulously managed folk museum (www.skogasafn.is; daily June–Aug 9am–6pm, May and Sept–Oct 10am–5pm, Nov–Apr 10am–4pm). It contains a 6,000-piece collection and has some fascinating historical buildings in the grounds, including a reconstructed church, a school and a driftwood house.

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It contains a 6,000-piece collection and has some fascinating historical buildings in the grounds, including a reconstructed church, a school and a driftwood house. iStock Beautiful scenery around Þórsmörk There is a splendid waterfall, Skógafoss, the sheer fall of which offers one of south Iceland’s best photo opportunities. The trek from here to Þórsmörk, passing between the ice-caps of Eyjafjallajökull and Myrdalsjökull over the Fimmvörðuháls pass, is popular with the hardy and becomes quite crowded, particularly in July. There are two huts between the ice-caps: one is an emergency shelter, the other is pre-bookable. iStock Skógar homestead Vík Continuing east, the distinctive rock arch at Dyrhólaey is a nature reserve packed full of nesting seabirds.

How Bad Are Bananas?: The Carbon Footprint of Everything
by Mike Berners-Lee
Published 12 May 2010

They felt it was too short notice to set up the IT and so canceled. However, my hope is that others in analogous situations may have been nudged into breaking old habits and new low-carbon alternatives. The second effect is the possibility that flying through even low-level dust permanently damages jet engine efficiency. If this is the case, Eyjafjallajökull could haunt the aviation industry for many years. Overall, was the Iceland incident good or bad for the climate? We don’t know. My hunch that it did us a favor by helping society to associate flying with hassle rather than glamour. The World Cup 2.8 million tons CO2e the 2010 South Africa World Cup > That’s 6,000 space shuttle fights, three quiet years for Mount Etna, or three and a half cheeseburgers for every man, woman, and child in North America.

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See aviation Amazon Fund, 152–53, 188 Apple Inc., 124–26 apples, 29–30 asparagus, 85–86 Australia: bottled water ban (Bundanoon), 44–45; electricity from grid, 54, 56–57; forests and forest fires, 152, 161, 220n7; individual footprints, 11, 137; national footprint, 162, 165–66, 167, 194; steel industry, 104 aviation: air-freighted foods, 26–27, 85–86, 135, 177; and climate change mortality, 14; compared with other carbon sources, 40, 72, 116–18, 169; Eyjafjallajökull and, 158; fuel costs, 60; high-altitude emissions, 7–8, 60–61, 196n4, 217n6, 221n10; long-haul travel, 133–35, 217n5, 217–18n10; nitrous oxide from, 217n6; in U.K.’s national footprint, 163–164; university travel, 154–55; world totals, 170, 171. See also space flight bacon, 26 bananas, 26, 31–32, 70, 98, 153 baths, 83–84.

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See specific products emissions reduction, pricing issues, 14–15 environmental input-output analysis, 124, 141–42, 191–93 e-readers, 78–79 Etna, Mount, 157, 158 Europe, 33, 75, 104, 195, 199n7, 203n12. See also specific countries Eurostar train, 43–44 Executive Order on Federal Sustainability, 197n5 Eyjafjallajökull, 158 family planning, 150, 188 feed-in tariffs, 130–31, 145–47, 189 fertilizer, 136–37, 218n11 Feynman, Richard, 154 F gases, 171 financial services industry, 126–28 Finlay, David, 74–75 fish, 100–101 flower industry, 70–71, 208n35 food and beverages, 60, 175–82; air-freighted, 26–27, 85–86, 135, 177; for Christmas, 118–20; as fuel for cycling, 26–27; and plastic bags, 22–23; in restaurants and hotels, 108–11; tips for low-carbon eating, 180–82; transport and storage, 29–30, 31, 32–33, 44–45, 50–52, 54, 71–72, 73, 74, 79, 80, 81, 85–86, 92, 98, 101, 177, 181; in U.K.’s national footprint, 163, 164; wastage, 30, 32, 41, 48, 61–64, 79–80, 106–7, 179, 180, 181–82, 202n10.

New Dark Age: Technology and the End of the Future
by James Bridle
Published 18 Jun 2018

Volcanic ash was known to interfere with jet engines, but despite several incidents over decades, few studies had been performed. As a result, the whole of European airspace shut down. Over the course of eight days, over 100,000 flights were cancelled, almost half the world’s air traffic, and 10 million passengers were stranded. Apart from the sunsets, the most unsettling thing about the Eyjafjallajökull event was its silence. For the first time in decades, the skies over Europe were quiet. The poet Carol Ann Duffy noted its stillness: Britain’s birds sing in this spring, from Inverness to Liverpool, from Crieff to Cardiff, Oxford, London Town, Land’s End to John O’Groats; the music silence summons, that Shakespeare heard, Burns, Edward Thomas; briefly, us.20 Others commented on the archaic strangeness of a sky without contrails.

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One outcome was Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus; another was Byron’s poem ‘Darkness’, in which he wrote, The bright sun was extinguish’d, and the stars Did wander darkling in the eternal space, Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air.21 The explosion of the volcano Krakatoa in August 1883 also produced purple sunsets and global falls in temperature, and has been associated with both Ruskin’s Plague-Cloud and the flaming skyscape of Edvard Munch’s The Scream.22 Like Tambora before it, it took several months for news of the eruption to reach Europe: in the meantime, apocalyptic predictions flourished. The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull provided an opportunity to lay certain misconceptions about volcanic carbon dioxide to rest. The volcano was estimated to have emitted between 150,000 and 300,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide a day;23 by contrast the grounding of the European air fleet prevented the emission of some 2.8 million tonnes in just eight days,24 a figure greater than the total global annual emissions from all of the volcanoes in the world.25 If painting The Scream today, the appropriate backdrop would not be the blood-red sky of Krakatoa’s eruption, but a firmament criss-crossed with contrails: the same contrails that litter the websites of chemtrail conspiracy theorists, even, if not especially, those who deny the realities of man-made climate change.

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(von Neumann), 28 Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Piketty), 112 carbon dioxide, 75 Catch-22 (Heller), 187–8 ‘cautious regulator’ theory, 94–5 CCTV, 181–2 centaur chess, 159 Chanarin, Oliver, 143 chaotic storage, 115–6 Chargaff, Erwin, 96–7 Charlie Hebdo attacks, 212 chemtrails, 192–5, 206–8, 214 children’s television, 216–7 children’s YouTube, 219, 238 Cirrus homogenitus, 196, 197 Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), 161–2 clear-air turbulence, 68 climate carbon dioxide, 75 global warming, 73, 193, 214 permafrost, 47–9, 56–7 seed banks, 52–6 turbulence, 65–9 climate change patterns disrupted by, 72–3 resilience against, 59 climate crisis, 56 Clinton, Bill, 243 Clinton, Hillary, 207, 232–3 cloning, 86–8 closed-circuit television, 181–2 cloud(s), 6–7, 8, 17, 195–6 ‘The Cloud Begins with Coal-Big Data, Big Networks, Big Infrastructure, and Big Power’ report, 64 ‘The Cloud of Unknowing,’ 9 cloudy thinking, 9 coal deposits, discovery of, 52 coastal installations, 62 Cocks, Clifford, 167 code/spaces, 37–9 code words, 175 cognition about, 135–6 artificial intelligence (AI), 139 facial recognition, 141 image recognition, 139–40 machine translation, 147 ‘predictive policing’ systems, 144–6 collectivism, totalitarianism vs., 139 Commission on Government Secrecy, 169 complex systems about, 2–3 aggregation of, 40 high-frequency trading, 14, 106–7, 108, 122, 124 complicity computational logic, 184–5 Freedom of Information, 161–2, 165, 192 global mass surveillance, 179–80 Glomar response, 165, 186 public key cryptography, 167–8 computation calculating machines, 27 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 27, 27–30, 33 flight trackers, 35–6, 36 IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC), 30, 30–2, 31, 146 opaqueness of, 40 computational logic, 184–5 computational thinking about, 4 evolution of, 248 importance of, 44–5 Concorde, 69, 70, 71 conspiracy chemtrails, 192–5, 206–8, 214 conspiracy theories, 195, 198–9, 205 contrails, 196–8, 197, 214 global warming, 73, 193, 214 9/11 terrorist attacks, 203–4, 206 ‘Conspiracy as Governance’ (Assange), 183 contrails, 196–8, 197, 214 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference (COP15), 199 Cowen, Deborah, 132 Credit Suisse, 109 cryptocurrency, 63 Cumulus homogenitus, 195–6 cyborg chess, 159 D Dabiq (online magazine), 212 Dallaire, Roméo, 243 darkness, 11–2 “Darkness” (poem), 201–2 dark pools, 108–9 DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency), 33 Darwin, Charles, 78 data abundance of, 83–4, 131 big, 84 importance of, 245–6 realistic accounting of, 247 thirst for, 246 data dredging, 90–1 Debord, Guy, 103 DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), 33 Decyben SAS, 110 Deep Blue, 148–9, 157–60 DeepDream, 153, 154–5 DeepFace software, 140 defeat devices, 120 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 33 de Solla Price, Derek, 91–2, 93 Diffie-Hellman key exchange, 167 digital culture, 64–5 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 33 digital networks, mapping, 104 digitisation, 108 ‘Discussion of the Possibility of Weather Control’ lecture, 26 diurnal temperature range (DTR), 204 DNA sequencing, 93 D-Notices, 179 domain name system, 79 doomsday vault, 52–3 Dow Jones Industrial Average, 121–2 drones, 161–2 drug discovery/research, 94–5 DTR (diurnal temperature range), 204 Duffy, Carol Ann, 201 Dunne, Carey, 194–5 E Elberling, Bo, 57 electromagnetic networks, 104 Electronic Computer Project, 27 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 177 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 27, 27–30, 33 Elements of Chemistry (Lavoisier), 208–9 Elkins, Caroline, 183–4 Ellis, James, 167 encoded biases, 142 ‘End of Theory’ (Anderson), 83–4, 146 Engelbart, Douglas, 79 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), 27, 27–30, 33 Enlightenment, 10 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 119–20 EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 119–20 Epagogix, 130 epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, 145–6 Epimetheus, 132–4 Equinix LD4, 104 Eroom’s law, 86, 93–6 ETAS (epidemic type aftershock sequence) model, 145–6 Euronext Data Center, 104, 105, 106 Evangelismos Hospital, 130–1 evolution, theory of, 78 exploitation, 229–30 Eyjafjallajökull, eruption of, 200–1, 202 F Facebook, 39–40, 156–7 facial recognition, 141 Fairchild Semiconductor, 80 Farage, Nigel, 194 Fat Man bomb, 25 Fermi, Enrico, 250 Ferranti Mark I, 78 fiat anima, 19–20 fiat lux, 19–20 Finger Family, 221–2, 224, 227 ‘Five Eyes,’ 174 Flash Boys (Lewis), 111–2 flash crash, 121–2, 130–1 FlightRadar24, 36, 189, 191 flight trackers, 35–6, 36 ‘Fourteen Eyes,’ 174 Fowler, R.H., 45 Frankenstein (Shelley), 201 fraud, 86–8, 91 Freedom of Information, 161–2, 165, 192 Friends’ Ambulance Unit, 20 Fuller, Buckminster, 71 Futurama exhibit, 30–1 ‘Future Uses of High Speed Computing in Meteorology’ lecture, 26 G Gail, William B., 72–3 Galton, Francis, 140 game developers, 130 Gates’s law, 83 GCHQ (Government Communications Headquarters), 167, 174, 176–9, 189 genocide, 243 ghost cars (Uber), 118–9 G-INFO, 190 global mass surveillance, 179–80 Global Positioning System (GPS), 36–7, 42–3 Global Seed Vault, 54 global warming, 73, 193, 214 Glomar response, 165, 186 Godard, Jean-Luc, 143 Google, 84, 139, 230, 242 Google Alerts, 190 Google Brain project, 139, 148, 149, 156 Google Earth, 35–6 Google Home, 128–9 Google Maps, 177 Google Translate, 147–8, 156 Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), 167, 174, 176–9, 189 GPS (Global Positioning System), 36–7, 42–3 Graves, Robert, 159 Gravity’s Rainbow (Pynchon), 128 gray zone, 212–4 Great Nōbi Earthquake, 145 Greenland, 57–8 Green Revolution, 53 Greyball programme, 119, 120 guardianship, 251–2 H Hankins, Thomas, 102 Haraway, Donna, 12 Harvard Mark I machine, 30 Hayek, Friedrich, 156–7 The Road to Serfdom, 139 The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology, 138–9 HealthyFoodHouse.com (website), 231–2 Heller, Joseph Catch-22, 187–8 Hermes, 134 Hersh, Seymour, 164 Hewlett-Packard, 143 hidden technological processes, 120 high-frequency trading, 14, 106–7, 108, 122, 124 high-throughput screening (HTS), 95–6 Hillingdon Hospital, 110–1, 111 Hippo programme, 32 Hofstadter, Douglas, 205–6 Hola Massacre, 170 homogenitus, 195, 196 Horn, Roni, 50, 201 How-Old.net facial recognition programme, 141 ‘How the World Wide Web Just Happened’ lecture, 78 HTS (high-throughput screening), 95–6 Hughes, Howard, 163 Hughes Glomar Explorer, 163–5 human genome project, 93 Human Interference Task Force, 251 human violence, 202 Humby, Clive, 245, 246 Hwang Woo-suk, 86–8 hyperobjects, 73, 75, 76, 194 hypertext, 79 I IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC), 30, 30–2, 31, 146 ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation), 68 ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), 53–4, 55 ICT, 60–2 image recognition, 139–40 Infinite Fun Space, 149–50, 156 information networks, 62 information superhighway, 10 Infowars (Jones), 207 In Place of Fear (Bevan), 110 Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, 26 integrated circuits, 79, 80 Intel, 80 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 53–4, 55 International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), 68 International Cloud Atlas, 195 Internet Research Agency, 235, 237 Inuit Knowledge and Climate Change, 199 The Invisibles (Morrison), 196–7 Isaksen, Ketil, 54 ISIL, 212–3 J Jameson, Fredric, 205 Jelinek, Frederick, 146–7 Jones, Alex Infowars, 207 Joshi, Manoj, 68–9 journalism, automated, 123–4 just-in-time manufacturing, 117 K K-129, 162–3 Karma Police operation, 175 Kasparov, Garry, 148–9, 157–8 Keeling Curve, 74, 74 Kennedy, John F., 169–70 Kinder Eggs, 215–6 Kiva robots, 114 Klein, Mark, 176–7 Kodak, 143 Krakatoa, eruption of, 202 Kunuk, Zacharias, 199, 200 Kuznets curve, 113 L Large Hadron Collider, 93 Lavoisier, Antoine, 78 Elements of Chemistry, 208–9 Lawson, Robert, 175–6 LD4, 104, 105 Leave Campaign, 194 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 78 Levy, David, 158, 159 Lewis, Michael Flash Boys, 111–2 LifeSphere, 125 literacy in systems, 3–4 Lockheed Ocean Systems, 163 Logan, Walt (pseudonym), 165 Lombroso, Cesare, 140 London Stock Exchange, 110–1 Lovecraft, H.P., 11, 249 ‘low-hanging fruit,’ 93–4 M Macedonia, 233–4 machine learning algorithms, 222 machine thought, 146 machine translation, 147 magnetism, 77 Malaysian Airlines, 66 manganese noodles, 163–4 Manhattan Project, 24–30, 248 Mara, Jane Muthoni, 170 Mark I Perceptron, 136–8, 137 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 128–9 Matthews, James Tilly, 208–10, 209 Mauro, Ian, 199 McCarthy, Joe, 205 McGovern, Thomas, 57–8 McKay Brothers, 107, 110 memex, 24 Mercer, Robert, 236 Merkel, Angela, 174 metalanguage, 3, 5 middens, 56 migrated archive, 170–1 Minds, 150 miniaturisation principle, 81 Mirai, 129 mobile phones, 126 The Modern Prometheus (Shelley), 201 monoculture, 55–6 Moore, Gordon, 80, 80, 83 Moore’s law, 80–3, 92–4 Mordvintsev, Alexander, 154 Morgellons, 211, 214 Morrison, Grant The Invisibles, 196–7 Morton, Timothy, 73, 194 Mount Tambora, eruption of, 201 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 169 Munch, Edvard The Scream, 202 Mutua, Ndiku, 170 N NarusInsight, 177 NASA Ames Advanced Concepts Flight Simulator, 42 Natanz Nuclear Facility, 129 National Centre for Atmospheric Science, 68–9 National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, 243 National Health Service (NHS), 110 National Mining Association, 64 National Reconnaissance Office, 168, 243 National Security Agency (NSA), 167, 174, 177–8, 183, 242–3, 249–50 National Security Strategy, 59 natural gas, 48 neoliberalism, 138–9 network, 5, 9 networks, 249 Newton, Isaac, 78 NewYorkTimesPolitics.com, 221 New York World’s Fair, 30–1 NHS (National Health Service), 110 9/11 terrorist attacks, 203–4, 206 ‘Nine Eyes,’ 174 1984 (Orwell), 242 NORAD (North American Air Defense Command), 33 North American Air Defense Command (NORAD), 33 ‘The Nor’ project, 104 Not Aviation, 190–1 NSA (National Security Agency), 167, 174, 177–8, 183, 242–3, 249–50 nuclear fusion, 97–8, 100 nuclear warfare, 28 Numerical Prediction (Richardson), 45 Nyingi, Wambugu Wa, 170 Nzili, Paulo Muoka, 170 O Obama, Barack, 180, 206, 231 Official Secrets Act, 189 Omori, Fusakichi, 145 Omori’s Law, 145 Operation Castle, 97 Operation Legacy, 171–2 Optic Nerve programme, 174 Optometrist Algorithm, 99–101, 160 O’Reilly, James, 185–6 Orwell, George 1984, 242 ‘Outline of Weather Proposal’ (Zworykin), 25–6 P Paglen, Trevor, 144 ‘paranoid style,’ 205–6 Patriot Act, 178 Penrose, Roger, 20 Perceptron, 136–8, 137 permafrost, 47–9, 56–7 p-hacking, 89–91 Phillippi, Harriet Ann, 165 photophone, 19–20 Pichai, Sundar, 139 Piketty, Thomas Capital in the Twenty-First Century, 112 Pincher, Chapman, 175–6 Pitt, William, 208 Plague-Cloud, 195, 202 Poitras, Laura, 175 Polaroid, 143 ‘predictive policing’ systems, 144–6 PredPol software, 144, 146 Priestley, Joseph, 78, 208, 209 prion diseases, 50, 50–1 PRISM operation, 173 product spam, 125–6 Project Echelon, 190 Prometheus, 132–4, 198 psychogeography, 103 public key cryptography, 167–8 pure language, 156 Putin, Vladimir, 235 Pynchon, Thomas Gravity’s Rainbow, 128 Q Qajaa, 56, 57 quality control failure of, 92–3 in science, 91 Quidsi, 113–4 R racial profiling, 143–4 racism, 143–4 ‘radiation cats,’ 251 raw computing, 82–3 Reagan, Ronald, 36–7 Reed, Harry, 29 refractive index of the atmosphere, 62 Regin malware, 175 replicability, 88–9 Reproducibility Project, 89 resistance, modes of, 120 Reuter, Paul, 107 Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, 181 Richardson, Lewis Fry, 20–1, 29, 68 Numerical Prediction, 45 Weather Prediction by Numerical Process, 21–3 Richardson number, 68 The Road to Serfdom (Hayek), 139 Robinson, Kim Stanley Aurora, 128 robots, workers vs., 116 ‘Rogeting,’ 88 Romney, Mitt, 206–7 Rosenblatt, Frank, 137 Roy, Arundhati, 250 Royal Aircraft Establishment, 188–9 Ruskin, John, 17–20, 195, 202 Rwanda, 243, 244, 245 S Sabetta, 48 SABRE (Semi-Automated Business Research Environment), 35, 38 SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), 33, 34, 35 Samsung, 127 Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, 78 Schmidt, Eric, 241–5 The Scream (Munch), 202 Sedol, Lee, 149, 157–8 seed banks, 52–6 Seed Vault, 55 seismic sensors, 48 self-excitation, 145 ‘semantic analyser,’ 177 Semi-Automated Business Research Environment (SABRE), 35, 38 Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), 33, 34, 35 semiconductors, 82 The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology (Hayek), 138–9 Shelley, Mary Frankenstein, 201 The Modern Prometheus, 201 SIGINT Seniors Europe, 174 simulation, conflating approximation with, 34–5 Singapore Exchange, 122–3 smart products, 127–8, 131 Smith, Robert Elliott, 152 smoking gun, 183–4, 186 Snowden, Edward, 173–5, 178 software about, 82–3 AlphaGo, 149, 156–8 Assistant, 152 AutoAwesome, 152 DeepFace, 140 Greyball programme, 119, 120 Hippo programme, 32 How-Old.net facial recognition programme, 141 Optic Nerve programme, 174 PredPol, 144, 146 Translate, 146 Solnit, Rebecca, 11–2 solutionism, 4 space telescopes, 168–9 speed of light, 107 Spread Networks, 107 SSEC (IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator), 30, 30–2, 31, 146 Stapel, Diederik, 87–8 Stapledon, Olaf, 20 steam engines, 77 Stellar Wind, 176 Stewart, Elizabeth ‘Betsy,’ 30–1, 31 Steyerl, Hito, 126 stock exchanges, 108 ‘The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century’ lecture series, 17–9 Stratus homogenitus, 195–6 studios, 130 Stuxnet, 129–30 surveillance about, 243–4 complicity in, 185 computational excesses of, 180–1 devices for, 104 Svalbard archipelago, 51–2, 54 Svalbard Global Seed Vault, 52–3 Svalbard Treaty (1920), 52 Swiss National Bank, 123 Syed, Omar, 158–9 systemic literacy, 5–6 T Taimyr Peninsula, 47–8 Targeted Individuals, 210–1 The Task of the Translator (Benjamin), 147, 155–6 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 79 technology acceleration of, 2 complex, 2–3 opacity of, 119 Teletubbies, 217 television, children’s, 216–7 Tesco Clubcard, 245 thalidomide, 95 Thatcher, Margaret, 177 theory of evolution, 78 thermal power plants, 196 Three Guineas (Woolf), 12 Three Laws of Robotics (Asimov), 157 Tillmans, Wolfgang, 71 tools, 13–4 To Photograph the Details of a Dark Horse in Low Light exhibition, 143 totalitarianism, collectivism vs., 139 Toy Freaks, 225–6 transistors, 79, 80 Translate software, 146 translation algorithms, 84 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), 79 Tri Alpha Energy, 98–101 Trinity test, 25 trolling, 231 Trump, Donald, 169–70, 194–5, 206, 207, 236 trust, science and, 91 trusted source, 220 Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, 49 turbulence, 65–9 tyranny of techne, 132 U Uber, 117–9, 127 UberEats app, 120–1 unboxing videos, 216, 219 United Airlines, 66–7 Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ending Eavesdropping, Dragnet-collection and Online Monitoring Act (USA FREEDOM Act), 178 USA FREEDOM Act (2015), 178 US Drug Efficacy Amendment (1962), 95 V van Helden, Albert, 102 Veles, objectification of, 235 Verizon, 173 VHF omnidirectional radio range (VOR) installations, 104 Vigilant Telecom, 110–1 Volkswagen, 119–20 von Neumann, John about, 25 ‘Can We Survive Technology?

Fire and Ice: The Volcanoes of the Solar System
by Natalie Starkey
Published 29 Sep 2021

CHAPTER NINE Fiery Moons You might wonder how one person can safely stand next to an erupting volcano, watching lava flow past just a few metres away, while someone else’s brain can be turned to glass 10 kilometres (6 miles) away from an eruption. What about the famous Icelandic volcano whose eruption in 2010 grounded aviation throughout much of the northern hemisphere? Eyjafjallajökull proved that we can feel the after-effects of an eruption very sorely even when we are hundreds of kilometres away. Despite the amount of observation and research carried out on Earth’s volcanoes, we still struggle to predict when one will erupt, how long the eruption will continue, and how far-reaching and damaging it will be.

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Index Acapulco conference (2010) here, here accretion, planetary here acid rain here, here Ahuna Mons, Ceres here aluminium here, here Alvin, DSV (WHOI) here, here ammonia here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here andesite here, here Apollo missions (NASA) here, here, here, here, here, here arc volcanoes here Arsia Mons, Mars here, here, here, here ash aircraft risk here benefits here, here Mars here, here pyroclastic surges/flows here, here, here ‘raining’ here, here, here scattering light here supervolcanoes here tephra fall here Asosan volcano, Japan here asteroids here, here, here, here, here, here, here asthenosphere here atmospheres Earth here, here, here Mars here, here, here, here, here Moon here Titan here, here, here, here, here, here, here Triton here Uranus here Venus here, here, here, here bacteria here, here basaltic maria here, here benefits of volcanic activity here, here BepiColombo mission (ESA/JAXA) here Black Beauty here black smokers here body waves here Borealis Planitia, Mercury here boron here Bowen, Norman L. here Bowen’s reaction series here ‘Boxing Day’ tsunami, Indian Ocean here calcium here, here calcium silicate perovskite (CaSiO3) here carbon here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also hydrocarbons carbon dioxide here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here carbon monoxide here, here, here, here carbonatite lavas here Cassini mission (NASA) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Ceres here Challenger, HMS here Chang’e mission (CNSA) here Charon here, here, here, here, here, here chemosynthesis here, here, here, here chlorine here, here, here, here clathrate hydrate here climate regulation here climatic impacts of eruptions here, here colour-temperature scale here Columbia River Flood Basalt Group, United States here comparative planetology here, here, here, here, here composite volcanoes here, here conduction here, here, here, here, here convection here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here cooling, planetary/lunar conduction and convection here crust formation here major factors here mantle’s influence here size and location influences here and volcanic activity here, here, here, here, here, here craters here crater-size frequency distribution investigations here crusts/surfaces here, here; see also Earth, crusts cryovolcanoes here, here asteroids here Ceres here Enceladus here, here, here Europa here, here, here Pluto here, here Titan here, here Triton here, here, here crystallisation here Curiosity mission (NASA) here, here cyanobacteria here Dawn mission (NASA) here, here diamonds here diapirs here diatremes here Dione here Doom Mons, Titan here Dragonfly mission (NASA) here dwarf planets here, here; see also Pluto Earth asthenosphere here atmosphere here, here, here composition here core here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here crusts here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also plate tectonics geothermal gradient here geysers here Goldilocks Zone of solar system here, here heat here, here, here, here hydrothermal vents here, here, here interior water here lavas see lavas and magmas life here, here, here, here lithosphere here, here magmas see lavas and magmas magnetic field here, here, here, here mantle see mantle number of ‘active’ volcanoes here plate tectonics see plate tectonics submarine volcanoes here, here volcano types here, here water here, here earthquakes here, here, here, here, here, here, here East African Rift here, here Enceladus here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Europa here, here, here, here, here, here, here Europa Clipper mission (NASA) here, here, here exoplanets here extremophiles here, here, here, here Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland here, here feldspar here, here ferro-volcanoes here fire fountains here, here, here, here fluorine here, here forecasting eruptions here, here, here, here, here formation of planets here frequency of eruptions here future missions here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Galapagos volcanoes, Ecuador here, here Galileo Galilei here, here Galileo mission (NASA) here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here geophysics here geysers here, here, here, here, here, here, here glaciers here glass here, here, here, here, here, here, here Glicken, Harry here global effects of eruptions here, here Goldilocks Zone of solar system here, here, here granite here, here Great Valley, Mercury here greenhouse gases/effect here, here, here, here, here; see also specific gas Gutenberg, Beno here habitability factors here, here Hadley Rille, Moon here Hawaiian volcanoes, United States here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also Kilauea, United States heat, planetary/lunar; see also temperatures adiabatic heating here causing volcanic activity here, here clathrate hydrate here collisions here, here cooling methods/histories here and core formation here gas and ice giants here gravitational loading here ice moons here kinetic energy here, here, here Mercury here nuclear heat here, here, here Pluto here primordial heat here, here, here tidal flexing here, here, here, here, here, here, here helium here, here, here Herculaneum, Italy here, here Hubble Space Telescope ( NASA/ESA/STScI) here, here human deaths here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, Tonga here Huygens lander (ESA) here hydrocarbons here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also methane hydrogen here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also hydrocarbons hydrogen sulphide here, here hydrogeochemical processes here hydrothermal vents here, here, here, here Iceland here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here ICE-VII here, here In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) here InSight mission (NASA) here, here, here, here, here interiors asteroids here compositional evidence here depths here diamonds and inclusions here geysers here imaging studies here indirect evidence here rocks brought to surface in eruptions here, here, here seismic evidence here xenoliths here Io here, here, here, here, here iron here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here iron meteorites here, here iron oxides here jökulhlaups here, here, here JUICE mission (ESA) here, here Juno mission (NASA) here, here, here Jupiter here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Kavachi volcano, Solomon Islands here, here Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia here Kilauea, United States here, here, here, here, here, here kinetic energy here, here, here Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia here Krafft, Katia and Maurice here, here Krakatoa, Indonesia here, here, here, here Kuiper Belt here, here, here, here, here; see also Pluto lahars here, here Laki, Iceland here, here, here land formation/transformation flood basalts here islands here, here, here, here mantle plumes here spreading ridges here at subduction zones here Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) here, here, here lavas and magmas andesitic and rhyolitic here, here asteroids here basaltic here, here, here, here, here carbonatite here Ceres here colour here, here cryomagmas here, here, here, here crystallisation here defining here, here difference between here Enceladus here evolution here, here explosivity here, here, here, here, here flood basalts (LIPs) here, here, here, here, here forming crusts here, here, here Io here, here lava lakes here, here, here lava tubes here mafic here, here magma chambers here magma lenses here magmatic plumbing system here Mars here, here, here, here, here Mercury here, here Moon here, here, here, here, here, here pillows here, here scoria here seismic activity here silica content here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here speed of flow here submarine volcanoes here, here sulphurous here temperatures here, here, here, here, here, here ultramafic here, here, here Venus here, here, here viscosity factors here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here life, factors needed for here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here life, potential for Ceres here Enceladus here, here, here, here Europa here, here, here Goldilocks Zone here Mars here, here, here, here, here Pluto here Titan here, here, here Triton here Venus here, here life on hydrothermal vents here linear chains here liquid oceans, extraterrestrial Enceladus here, here, here, here Europa here, here, here, here, here Pluto here, here Titan here, here Triton here, here lithosphere here, here, here Loki Patera, Io here Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA) here Maat Mons, Venus here Magellan mission (NASA) here magmas see lavas and magmas magnesium here, here, here, here, here magnetic fields here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here magnetic stripes here, here, here, here magnetite here mantle composition here, here constant change here defining here gases here insulation property here, here magmas see lavas and magmas melting methods here, here movement here; see also plate tectonics solid and liquid here temperatures here volume and depth here mantle plumes here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Mare Imbrium, Moon here Mariner missions (NASA) here, here, here, here Mars Arsia Mons here, here, here, here ash here, here atmosphere here, here, here, here, here Black Beauty here Cerberus Fossae fracture system here cooling here, here core here crusts here, here, here, here fire fountains here heat here lavas here, here, here, here, here life here, here, here, here, here magnetic field here, here, here, here magnetic stripes here, here, here mantle plumes here mass here meteorites on Earth here Olympus Mons here, here, here, here, here, here, here paterae here pyroclastic cones here seismic activity here, here tectonic activity here, here, here temperatures here, here Tharsis Montes here, here, here Tharsis region here, here Valles Marineris here volcanic activity here, here, here, here, here, here volcanic rocks here water here, here, here, here, here, here Mars Exploration Rovers (NASA) here Mars Express (ESA) here Mars Global Surveyor (NASA) here Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA) here Martin, Sir George here Matthews, Drummond here Mauna Loa, United States here, here, here Maury, Matthew here Mercury here, here, here, here, here MESSENGER spacecraft (NASA) here, here, here, here, here meteoric waters here meteorites here, here, here, here, here, here methane Earth here, here, here Io here Mars here Pluto here, here, here, here Titan here, here, here, here, here, here Triton here Uranus here microbes here, here, here, here, here, here, here mid-ocean ridges here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Mohorovičič, Andrija here Moon here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here moons here, here, here, here, here, here, here; see also specific moon Morley, Lawrence here Mount St.

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However, as we’ve seen, with hazards such as tephra fall, plus lahars (violent flows of mud or debris composed of volcanic material such as ash, rock and water) and tsunamis (massive waves that destroy everything in their path), people at relatively large distances from a volcano are also at risk. The apparent ‘safe’ distances from a volcano relate very much to the individual setting. Volcanoes are all different, with their own unique history and style of eruption. In recent years, particularly in northern Europe after an Icelandic volcano called Eyjafjallajökull famously erupted in 2010, people have become aware that ash clouds can pose quite a risk to aircraft and, therefore, that daily life can be affected by a volcano located hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away. The ash cloud generated from this volcano ended up closing large amounts of European airspace for five days in April 2010.

Found in Translation: How Language Shapes Our Lives and Transforms the World
by Nataly Kelly and Jost Zetzsche
Published 1 Oct 2012

(President), 55 business in translation, 63–91 C++, 227 Calderón, Felipe, 142 Cambodia, 208 Canada, 9–10, 11, 19, 30–32, 41, 76, 135, 163, 176–77, 177–78 Carnegie Mellon University, 228 Carter, Jimmy (President), 55, 56–58 Casablanca (movie), 181 Castro, Fidel, 234 Catalan, 75, 153, 220 Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 100 Catholic church, 109, 111, 113, 116 CATS (video game character), 183–84 Celebrity Apprentice (TV show), 170 Central Michigan University, 173 “cheers” toast, 160–62 Cherokee, 16 Chevy Nova, 70 Chicago Tribune, 88 children of deaf adults (CODAs), 167 children’s books, 100–103 Chile, 162 China News Service, 72 China Road (Gifford), 60 Chinese and translation business, 69, 70–71, 72, 75, 77–78, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91 entertainment industry, 152, 171, 172, 175–76, 177, 181–82, 184, 197 pleasures, 141, 147, 148, 151, 158, 161, 163 saving lives, 10, 11 storytelling and religion, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115, 116 technology, 201, 205, 215, 217, 227 war and peace, 48, 59, 60, 61 Choctaw, 16 Chomsky, Noam, 29 Christians, 108–11, 112–13, 114 Christie, Agatha (née Miller), 25, 96–97 CIA, 44, 46 Cirque du Soleil, 171–72 Cisneros González, Eleonora, 142–43 Cixous, Hélène, 1 Clairol, 139 Clausewitz, Carl von, 37 Clinton, Bill (President), 55 Clinton, Hillary, 52 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (movie), 176 Coca-Cola, 108, 152 Colombia, 153, 154 Color Purple (movie), 170 colors, 140–41 comedy, 178–80 Common Sense Advisory, 74 communism vs. capitalism, 36 community-translation, 201, 202–3, 213 computer keyboards, 215–17 Concordia University in Montreal, 26 “condom” (preservative), 152–53 Conjurer Made off with the Dish (Mahfouz), 99 copyright issues, 96–98 Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 23 cosmetics industry, 142–44 cosmetic-surgery industry, 137–39 Cosmidou, Olga, 59–60 cosmonauts, 81–84 Costa Rica, 154 Cotto, Miguel, 194 Cree, 16 Creole languages, 13, 14, 15, 228 Croatian, 70, 152, 229 Crosby, Kate, 116 Crystal, David, 30 Cuba, 50, 154, 188 “cybernetic poet,” 230 Cyrillic languages, 215 Czech, 19, 58, 69, 98, 137, 138, 151, 152, 173, 206 Dafa-Alla, Anwar (“African Einstein”), 209–10 Dalai Lama, 19 Dancing with the Stars (TV show), 170 Danish, 58, 100, 153, 161, 215 Danish product names, 65–68 Darfur, Sudan, 41–43 dating services (international), 123–25 deaf culture, 167–71 “Death/Down to/with America,” 47 DeGeneres, Ellen, 169 DeGraff, Michel, 15 de Haan, Martin, 94, 95 Delaorra, Mónica, 136 de la Vega, María Cristina, 150 Dell, 216 Demcheson, Julia, 31–32 Denmark, 41, 65, 66–67 DePalma, Donald A., 63 destination weddings, 125 Digicel, 13 diplomacy and dialects, 50–52 Dixit, Sudhir, 95 Doctor Who (TV show), 223 Dominican Republic, 149 Dreamkidland.cn, 72 Duane, Diane, 225 Dutch, 58, 128, 206 Dzongkha, 51 earthquakes, 12–15, 200, 228 Eco, Umberto, 58 École d’Interprètes, 35 Economist, 70–72 Ecuador, 154 Egypt, 162, 199, 200 84000 project, 115 Eithne (Enya), 22 electronic games, 181–83 Electronic Gaming Monthly (EGM), 182 embarazada, 6 emergencies, 1–6, 8–9 English and translation business, 64, 66, 75, 82 entertainment industry, 172, 173, 174, 188, 192 pleasures, 129, 130, 138, 141, 144, 145, 154, 157, 158, 161 saving lives, 10, 15, 17, 18 storytelling and religion, 93, 98–99, 105, 115, 117, 118, 120 technology, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 214, 215, 225, 226, 229 war and peace, 38, 42, 43, 58 entertainment industry in translation, 167–97 epidemics, 9–12 Ernest & Julio Gallo, 158 Estonian, 58, 59, 114 European Commission, 74 European Council of Literary Translators’ Associations (CEATL), 94 European Union (EU), 58–60 extinct languages, 27–30 Eyjafjallajökull, 78–79 Facebook, 24, 210–14 Factiva, 10 Fado music, 130 Fahr, Hossam, 53–54, 54–55 false cognates, 4 Faroese, 161 Farrell, Colin, 23 Farsi, 48, 59 fast-food industry, 162–64 FBI, 46 FIFA, 190, 191 Finnish, 58, 151, 178, 180 fire extinguishers, 197 first-language speakers, 205 Folaron, Debbie, 26–27 food and beverage industry, 150–53 food-processing plant mystery, 6–8 Ford, Gerald (President), 55 Ford Kuga, 70 foreign exchange market, 72–73 Founding Fathers, 17, 18, 50 France, 85, 163 Frasier (TV show), 178 French and translation business, 64, 66, 75 entertainment industry, 173, 174, 176–77, 177–78 pleasures, 127, 135, 142, 144, 145, 148, 151, 152, 158, 160, 161 saving lives, 10, 15, 30 storytelling and religion, 93, 96, 98, 100, 114 technology, 203, 205, 206, 211, 215, 227 war and peace, 58, 59 French fries, 163–64 Freud, Sigmund, 35 Futurama (TV show), 223 future of technology in translation, 230–32 Gaeilge, 21–25, 75 Gaelic, 21, 165 Gallup, 74 Garces-Alarco, Erika, 136 Gates, Bill, 202 Geisel, Theodor Seuss, 100–103 German and translation business, 75, 85, 89, 90 entertainment industry, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 181, 191 pleasures, 135, 139, 151, 157, 158, 161, 163 saving lives, 4, 19 storytelling and religion, 114, 120, 121, 122 technology, 202, 203, 205, 206, 211, 215, 227 war and peace, 56, 57, 58 Germanic languages, 15, 141 Ghana, 151 Ghonim, Wael, 199, 201 Gifford, Rob, 60–61 Glass, Philip, 174 “global connective knowledge,” 146 global glamour, 144–45 Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN), 10–12 Gómez, Laura, 200–201 Google, 24, 206, 224 Google Translate, 226–29, 231 Göring, Hermann, 34 Greece, 163 Greek, 23, 58, 59, 69, 120, 215 Green Eggs and Ham (Seuss), 100–103 greeting cards, 134–37 Griffin, Michael, 39 Groening, Matt, 178 Guinness World Records, 25 Gujarati, 105 Gunn, Tim, 145 gypsies, 25–27 Haddad, Ghassan, 211–12, 213, 214 Haiti, 12–15, 154, 228 Hallmark, 135–37 Händel, Georg Friedrich, 174 Hanuno’o, 140 Hari, Daoud, 41–43 Harlequin, 127, 128 Harley-Davidson motorbikes, 68–69, 70 Harry Potter novels (Rowling), 95–96 Harvard, 28 Hausa, 215 Hawaii, 163 HBO, 193, 194 health care system, 3–6, 8–9, 20 Heath, Nora Stevens, 182–83 Hebrew, 112, 113, 114, 122, 141, 148, 161, 215, 217 Henry V (Shakespeare), 23–24 Herman, Mark, 173–74, 175 Hess, Rudolph, 34 Hidalgo, Carol, 6–8 Hindi, 95, 104, 205, 229 Hispanics, 102, 135–36, 156, 157 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, A (movie), 223 Hmong, 20, 76 Honda Fitta, 70 Hong Kong, 163 Hong Xiuquan, 109–10 Houston Rockets, 185 HP, 216 HSBC, 65 Hsia, Tim, 39 Hugo, Victor, 93 Hungarian, 58, 100, 114 Hupa, 208 Hurd, Carla, 221 hydrocortisone, 90–91 Icelandic, 78–81, 100, 161 Igbo, 215 IKEA and Danish product names, 65–68 I’ll Scream Later (Matlin), 169 Ilocano, 86 immigrants, 16–18, 19–20 Incas, 75, 154 India, 162, 163, 165, 204, 208 Indic, 215 Indonesian, 105, 206 industry of translation, xiii, 73–75 inserito scidulam, 75 International Science Fair, 230 International Space Station (ISS), 81–84 Internet, 24, 32, 61, 74, 131, 134, 143, 177, 199, 202, 205, 207, 209, 211 Internet memes, 183–84 interpretation vs. translation, 43 interpreters, xiv, 233–35 See also translation intoxicado, 4–5, 6 Intuits (Eskimos), 31–32 Inuktitut, 31–32, 76 iPhones and iPads, 24 iPods, 64 Iran, 19, 50, 228 Iraq, 19, 20, 38, 39, 40, 41 Irish, 21–25, 58, 75, 161, 165 Iroquoian, 16 Islam, 115, 117–18 Israel, 176 Italian and translation business, 85, 86 entertainment industry, 173, 174, 176, 177 pleasures, 127, 135, 144, 145, 152 technology, 206, 211 war and peace, 58 Japanese and translation business, 68–69, 75, 85, 87–89 entertainment industry, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187 pleasures, 134, 138, 147, 151, 158, 161, 163, 164 saving lives, 4 storytelling and religion, 97 technology, 205, 206, 217, 226 Jason, Jack, 167, 168–70 Java, 227 Jefferson, Thomas, 50 Jerome (Saint), 112–13, 114 Jerry Springer Show, The (TV show), 234 Jobs, Steve, 207 John Paul II (Pope), 234 Johnson, Lyndon (President), 55–56, 230 Johnson-Davies, Denys, 98–99 Jordan, Penny, 127–28 Joseph, Rajiv, 37–38 Journey of Ibn Fattouma, The (Mahfouz), 99 Jua, María Clara Sharupi, 104, 106 Judaism, 114 justice system, 17–18, 20–21 Kalderash, 27 Kama Sutra, 129–30 Kata Kolok sign language, 171 Keegan, Te Taka, 220, 221, 222–23 Kelly, Nataly, xiv, 1–3, 123–25 ke nako, 193 Kendigelen, Erden, 85, 86–87 Kennedy, John F.

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In Spanish, this was equivalent to saying, “Fly naked,” implying a more comfortable flight for some travelers, not to mention a much easier job for airport security screeners. Ice(landic), Ice(landic), Baby When you think of Iceland, what comes to mind? Perhaps you think of Björk or Sigur Rós, some of the country’s musicians who have risen to international fame. Or maybe you call up a mental image of some of its famous glaciers, geysers, and volcanoes, such as Eyjafjallajökull, whose pronunciation stumped news commentators around the world after its infamous eruption in April 2010, which caused nearly a week of delays in air travel across western and northern Europe. Iceland is considered by many travelers to be an exotic and mystical destination. But its language is perhaps even more mysterious and elusive.

The End of Growth
by Jeff Rubin
Published 2 Sep 2013

Skeptics also contend that naturally occurring emissions have an underappreciated influence on atmospheric carbon levels. When the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted in the spring of 2010, global warming skeptics said it released more carbon into the atmosphere than all of the emissions savings mandated by world governments in the previous five years. Environmentalists countered that foregone emissions from grounded air travel more than offset the volcanic activity. (What I can say for certain is that Eyjafjallajökull cost me a trip to Portugal.) The presence of large natural sources of carbon emissions hardly takes polluters off the hook.

Jared Bibler
by Iceland's Secret The Untold Story of the World's Biggest Con-Harriman House (2021)

But here at FME I am beginning to feel my status as a leading investigator of the same crisis that cut the buying power of all those employee association bank balances by half or more. So maybe it’s OK to skip the wine lottery. And the next foosball tournament too. Along with the ongoing eruption of Eyjafjallajökull on the south coast, a media earthquake begins to shake the Land. Even though I’ve been working at the regulator for a bit more than a year now, and have intimate knowledge of some of these cases, the first headlines come as a shock to me. No rumors in the news, no whispers in the back alleys of the FME, no heads-up from my counterparts at the prosecutor’s office.

…

But for those of us on the investigations these nine volumes nonetheless become a valuable resource: a go-to guide, like a Yellow Pages for shady shell companies and impenetrable deals. Whenever we open a new case file, the first thing we do is look at what the Special Investigation Commission has already described. “Eldgos í Eyjafjallajökli!!!” reads the email from Hulda. This one-line, subject-only message tells me all I need to know: there’s a volcano erupting under Eyjafjallajökull, the ‘glacier of the island mountains’. The date is 14 April 2010. A smaller eruption, merely the size of Manhattan, already happened near this site a few weeks before. Along with many childless and/or bourgeois Icelanders we decided to go see this once-in-a-lifetime event for ourselves. So we splurged on a helicopter flight over the hot lakes of lava.

Decoding the World: A Roadmap for the Questioner
by Po Bronson
Published 14 Jul 2020

And what makes Iceland’s carbon cycle so lucid is that it doesn’t just run its course in geological time, over hundreds of millions of years, but also in real time, in decadal sprints. In the eastern United States, a geologist might point out, “Four billion years ago, these hills were volcanic, and ejected carbon into the atmosphere.” In Iceland, teenagers will say, “Oh yeah, when I was a kid, Eyjafjallajökull was really blowing.” For a month of 2010, Eyjafjallajökull spewed 150,000 tons of CO2 per day, wrecking transatlantic air travel. As rain fell—as it did that season four days out of five—the CO2 would dissolve, turning into carbonic acid. A weak acid rain, pelting the Kálfafell plains and the Vatnajökull glacier. The following year, Grímsvötn erupted, right beneath Vatnajökull, exposing fresh new rock that’s particularly susceptible to the acid rain, where the CO2 strips the rock of calcium, sodium, and magnesium, washing right down Tungulækur river into the North Atlantic basin, or taken east by the rivers to the salmon farms on the coastal fjords.

The Pyramid of Lies: Lex Greensill and the Billion-Dollar Scandal
by Duncan Mavin
Published 20 Jul 2022

Index Aar Tee Commodities ref1 Abengoa ref1, ref2 Accenture ref1, ref2 Agritrade ref1 Ahearn, John ref1 AIG ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Aigis Banca ref1, ref2 Allesch-Taylor, Stefan ref1, ref2 Allin, Patrick ref1 anti-money-laundering (AML) questions ref1 ANZ ref1 Apollo Global Management ref1, ref2 Apple ref1 Aramco ref1 ArcelorMittal ref1 Archegos ref1 Arthur Andersen ref1 Asda ref1 Atlantic 57 Consultancy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Auditing Association of German Banks ref1 Augustus Asset Managers ref1 Austin, Jason ref1, ref2 Australia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19 Australian Taxation Office ref1 Aviva ref1 BAE Systems ref1 Baer, Julius ref1, ref2 BaFin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 Bailey, Andrew ref1 Bank of America ref1 Bank of England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Barclays ref1, ref2 Barnes, Rob ref1, ref2, ref3 Barrell, Neil ref1 Barron’s ref1, ref2, ref3 Bates, Chris ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Battershill, William ref1, ref2 Baylis, Natalie ref1 BBB see British Business Bank BBC News ref1 BBVA ref1 BCLP see Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner BDO ref1, ref2 Becker, Arthur ref1 Berkshire Hathaway ref1 Bethell, Richard, 6th Baron Westbury ref1, ref2 Bingera ref1 Bishop, Julie ref1, ref2 BlackRock ref1, ref2, ref3 Blackstone ref1 Blair, Tony ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Bloomberg ref1, ref2, ref3 Bloomberg News ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Bluestone Resources Inc. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Blunkett, David ref1, ref2 BNP Paribas ref1 Boeing ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 737 Max 8 aircraft ref1 Bond and Credit Company, The (TBCC) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Borbely, Barnabas ref1 Borneo ref1 Breedon, Tim ref1 Breedon report ref1 Brereton, Greg ref1 Brexit referendum ref1 Brierwood, David ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Brighthouse ref1 British Business Bank (BBB) ref1, ref2, ref3 British Gas ref1 Brown, Eliot ref1 Brown, Gordon ref1, ref2 Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner (BCLP) ref1 BSi Steel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Buckingham Palace ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Buffett, Warren ref1 Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 Bunge ref1 Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy committee ref1 Cabinet Office ref1, ref2, ref3 Caillaux, Gabe ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Callahan, Mark ref1 Cameron, David ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 ‘Big Society’ policy ref1 and Earnd ref1 Greensill remuneration ref1 and Greensill’s collapse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 hired as Greensill adviser ref1, ref2 lends credibility to Greensill ref1 and Lex ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 and Mohammed Bin Salman ref1 and the pharmacy plan ref1 role at Greensill during the Covid-19 pandemic ref1 and The Bond and Credit Company ref1 Cameron, Samantha ref1 Cameron administration ref1, ref2 Cantor Fitzgerald ref1, ref2, ref3 Carillion ref1, ref2 ‘early payment facility’ ref1 Carlyle Group ref1 Carna ref1 Carnell, Kate ref1, ref2 Carney, Mark ref1 Carrington ref1 Carson Block ref1 Carusillo, Mickey ref1 Casey, Dame Louise ref1 ‘cash-less rolls’ ref1 Catfoss group ref1, ref2, ref3 central banks ref1 Chap (magazine) ref1 Charles, Prince ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Chase Manhattan ref1 CHBG Limited ref1 Chehaoduo ref1, ref2 Chelsea Group ref1 Chelsea Village ref1 Chicago Police Pension Fund ref1 Chilean mining ref1 Chubb ref1 Chuk ref1 CIMIC ref1, ref2 Citibank ref1 Citigroup ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13 City, the ref1 Clarke, Tracy ref1 Clearbrook Capital ref1 Cleland, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 coal mining ref1, ref2, ref3 Coca-Cola ref1, ref2 CoFace ref1 Comerford, Robert J. ref1, ref2 Commerzbank ref1 Companies House ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Confederation of British Industry (CBI) ref1 Conservative government ref1, ref2 Copenhagen ref1 Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS) ref1, ref2 Coronavirus Large Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CLBILS) ref1, ref2 corporate espionage ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Coupe, Mike ref1 Covid-19 Corporate Financing Facility (CCFF) ref1, ref2 Covid-19 pandemic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 government loan schemes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 restrictions ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Crain’s (magazine) ref1 Credit Suisse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 and the Covid-19 pandemic ref1 and Greensill Capital ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33 and Sanjeev Gupta ref1 Crothers, Bill ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Crown Representatives programme ref1 Cunliffe, Sir Jon ref1 CWB ref1 de Botton, Alain ref1 de Botton, Gilbert ref1 de la Rue, Tom ref1 Deal Partners ref1, ref2, ref3 Degen, Michel ref1, ref2, ref3 Dell ref1 Deloitte ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Demica ref1 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ref1, ref2 Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs ref1 Department of Health ref1 Department of Health and Social Care ref1 Department of Work and Pensions ref1 Deutsche Bank ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Deutsche Börse ref1 Doordash ref1 Doran, James ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12 dotcom boom ref1, ref2 Dow Jones ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 Downes, Brett ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Dragon Technology ref1, ref2, ref3 Eadie, Al ref1 Earnd ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Ecclestone, Bernie ref1 Edelman ref1 1860 Munich ref1 Ellis, Brett Easton, American Psycho ref1 Enterprise Investment Schemes (EISs) ref1 equity warrants ref1 Ernst & Young ref1 see also EY Euler Hermes ref1, ref2 European Banking Association ref1 Ewing, Fergus ref1 EY ref1, ref2 see also Ernst & Young Eyjafjallajökull ref1 factoring ref1, ref2, ref3 see also supply chain finance Fair Financial ref1, ref2, ref3 Fairmac Reality ref1 Fairymead ref1 Fan, Colin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Farrell, Maureen ref1 FCA see Financial Conduct Authority ‘fee ramp agreements’ ref1 Feeney, Chuck ref1 Ferrin, Ronald ref1 Fidelity ref1 5th Finger ref1 Finacity ref1 Financial Accounting Standards Board ref1 Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 Skilled Persons Reviews ref1, ref2 financial crisis 2008 ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 aftermath ref1, ref2, ref3 and central banks ref1 and fintechs ref1 tougher regulations following ref1, ref2 Financial News (banking publication) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Financial Reporting Council ref1 Financial Times (newspaper) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Finews (Swiss news site) ref1 ‘fintechs’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Fitch ref1 ‘flash title’ ref1 Fleetsolve ref1 Food Revolution Group ref1 Forbes (magazine) ref1 Ford ref1 Ford, Bill ref1 Formula One ref1 ‘Four Eyes Principle’ ref1 FreeUp ref1, ref2 Friedman, Alex ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 Galligan, Shane ref1, ref2 GAM Greensill Supply Chain Finance fund (GGSCF) ref1, ref2 Gapper, John ref1 Garrod, Neil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 GBM Banca ref1 General Atlantic (GA) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20 General Mills ref1, ref2, ref3 Gentleman’s Journal (magazine) ref1 German Deposit Protection Authority ref1 Global Asset Management (GAM) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26 Absolute Return Bond Fund (ARBF) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 regulators ref1 Global Supply Chain Finance Forum ref1 Global Trade Review (trade finance publication) ref1 Goldman Sachs ref1, ref2 Gorman, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Gottstein, Thomas ref1, ref2 government loans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 ‘GovTech’ firms ref1 Grant Thornton ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Gray, Sue ref1 Green, Philip ref1, ref2 Greenbrier hotel ref1 Greene, Stephen ref1 Greensill, Alexander ‘Lex’ David ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 ambition ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 ascent ref1 Australian property investments ref1, ref2 Australian tax obligations ref1 awards ref1, ref2, ref3 CBE ref1, ref2, ref3 birth ref1 and Carillion ref1 celebrity status ref1 childhood ref1, ref2 at Citigroup ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 on the Crown Representatives programme ref1 CV ref1 and Daniel Sheard ref1 and David Cameron ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 directorships ref1 double down strategy ref1, ref2 and Downes ref1 dresses the part ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 and Duncan Mavin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 eager to own bank ref1, ref2 education ref1 legal studies ref1 MBA at the Alliance Manchester Business School ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 and 5th Finger ref1 and Greensill Bank AG (formerly NoFi) ref1 and Greensill Capital ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 acquisitions ref1, ref2 aircraft leasing deals ref1 attempts to raise emergency finance ref1, ref2, ref3 avoids toughest regulators ref1 BaFin probe ref1 Bluestone ref1, ref2 BSi ref1 Covid-19 pandemic ref1, ref2, ref3 Credit Suisse involvements ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 demise ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 Dragon Technology ref1 expansion ref1, ref2, ref3 ‘flak’ (PR advisers) ref1 General Atlantic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Global Asset Management ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 harmful effect of SCF on small businesses ref1 insurance ref1, ref2, ref3 malpractice ref1 multi-obligor programmes ref1 National Health Service venture ref1, ref2 new category of loans ref1 payroll finance ref1 perilous state ref1 premier ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 sells company private jets ref1 Softbank dealings ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 start-up ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Tower Trade ref1 Tradeshift Networks ref1, ref2 and Jeremy Heywood ref1 and John Gorman ref1 legal work ref1 marriage ref1 and Masayoshi Son ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 mentors ref1 mission statement, ‘helping out the little guy’ ref1 and Mohammed Bin Salman ref1 at Morgan Stanley ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12 remuneration ref1 moves to the UK ref1, ref2 at OzEcom ref1 and politics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 ‘rewilding’ project ref1 risk-taking ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12 and Sanjeev Gupta ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 and Saudi Arabia ref1 sits on Bank of England committee on SCF ref1 skiing ref1 spending ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 takes loan from the Greensill family ref1 and Tim Haywood ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 at TRM ref1, ref2 wealth ref1 billionaire status ref1, ref2 hits the big time ref1, ref2 Greensill, Andrew (Lex’s brother) ref1 Greensill, Judy (Lex’s mother) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Greensill, Lloyd (Lex’s father) ref1, ref2, ref3 Greensill, Peter (Lex’s youngest brother) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 Greensill, Roy (Lex’s grandfather) ref1, ref2 Greensill, Victoria (Lex’s wife) ref1, ref2 Greensill Bank AG (formerly NoFi) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 and the Atlantic 57 loan ref1, ref2 and the BaFin probe ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 and the end ref1, ref2 and General Atlantic ref1 and government loans ref1 and Gupta ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 private aircraft ref1 regulation ref1 and Softbank ref1, ref2 technology ref1 and trade credit insurance ref1, ref2 whistle-blower at ref1 Greensill Capital ref1, ref2 aircraft leasing deals ref1 allegations of corruption at ref1 and the Atlantic 57 loan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 avoids toughest regulators ref1 and the BaFin probe ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 and Bill Crothers ref1 billion dollar plus valuation ref1 and Bluestone ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 and BSi ref1 business cards ref1, ref2 cash burner ref1 client list ref1 collapse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 corporate events ref1 corporate governance ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 and the Covid-19 pandemic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 and Credit Suisse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33 Credit Suisse’s investigation into ref1, ref2, ref3 crisis mounts ref1, ref2, ref3 and David Cameron ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7 and David Solo ref1, ref2, ref3 defaults ref1, ref2 and Dragon Technology ref1 early backers ref1 early struggles ref1, ref2 evergreen loans ref1 ‘everyone wins’ pitches ref1 expansion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 external public relations ref1, ref2 EY investigation into ref1 fault lines ref1 as ‘fintech’ company ref1, ref2 fraud and misconduct allegations ref1 and General Atlantic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15 and Global Asset Management ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22 gossipy culture ref1 and Greensill Bank ref1 and Griffin Coal ref1 and Gupta/Gupta Family Group ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14 harmful impact on small businesses ref1 headquarters on the Strand ref1 ‘High Risk Franchise Names’ document ref1 hits the big time ref1, ref2 illiquid investments ref1 insolvency ref1, ref2 investment protection ref1 investors abandon ref1, ref2 IPO ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 and John Gorman ref1 and Katerra ref1 and the Lagoon Park SPV ref1 launch ref1, ref2 lavish spending at ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Lex’s claims about ref1 liquidity ref1, ref2 and Lloyds ref1 loan book ref1 losses ref1 and Maurice Thompson ref1 Morgan Stanley employees ref1 and the NHS ref1, ref2, ref3 obligors ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 offices ref1, ref2, ref3 and payroll finance ref1 and Pemex ref1 perilous state ref1 and the pharmacy plan ref1 pre-IPO funding (‘Project Olive’) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 profitability issues ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 ‘reasonably permanent’ funding ref1 reducing the early risks of using ref1 remuneration ref1, ref2, ref3 retrenchment ref1, ref2 risk team ref1, ref2 risky ventures ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8 and Roland Hartley-Urquhart ref1 and Saudi Arabia ref1 as ‘shadow bank’ ref1 and SoftBank ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24 SPAC talks ref1 start-up style management ref1, ref2 takes loan from the Greensill Capital family ref1 technology ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 and Tim Haywood ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 and Tower Trade ref1, ref2, ref3 and trade credit insurance ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12 ‘Unicorn’ status ref1 and the US capital markets ref1 whistle-blower allegations emerge ref1 and the Wickham SPV ref1 Greensill Corporation Pty ref1 Greensill Farming Group ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Greensill Trust ref1 Grenda Investments ref1 Griffin Coal ref1, ref2 Gross, Bill ref1 Guazi ref1 Gulf Petrochem (GP Global) ref1 Gupta, Nicola ref1 Gupta, Sanjeev ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17 Australian property ref1 and Bluestone ref1 and the demise of Greensill ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 and German steel ref1 and Grant Thornton ref1 and Greensill Bank ref1 Gupta Family Group (GFG) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 and Bluestone ref1 and government loans ref1 and Greensill ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11 and Greensill Bank ref1 Guttridge, Jane ref1, ref2 Guy, Toby ref1 Gymshark ref1 Haas, Lukas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Hambro, Jay ref1 Hanafin, Dermot ref1 Hanafin, Sean ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Harris, Piers ref1 Harry, Prince ref1 Hart ref1 Hartley-Urquhart, Roland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10 Havens, John ref1, ref2 Haywood, Tim ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18 Henkel ref1 Hewlett Packard ref1 Heywood, Jeremy ref1, ref2, ref3 Highways Agency ref1 HM Revenue & Customs ref1 HM Treasury ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Hobday, Neil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4 Holmes, Elizabeth ref1 House of Lords ref1 HSBC ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 Huawei ref1, ref2, ref3 Hutton Inquiry ref1 IAG see Insurance Australia Group ICBC Standard Bank ref1 Indonesia ref1 Industrial Cadets ref1 Inflexionpoint ref1 ING ref1 Insurance Australia Group (IAG) ref1, ref2, ref3 International Chamber of Commerce ref1 Intrepid Aviation ref1 ‘Iran Notices’ ref1 Iraq, UN weapons inspectors ref1 Isle of Dogs ref1 Jacob, David ref1, ref2, ref3 Jahama Highland Estates ref1 Jain, Anshu ref1 Jakarta ref1 Jardine Matheson ref1 Johnson, Boris ref1 Jones, Karen ref1 J.P.

…

Lex’s boasts about having one of the highest American Express bills in the entire bank might have confirmed his lofty status at another bank, but at Citi they went down like a lead balloon. One incident really stood out. In April 2010, when Lex had been at Citi for just a few months, he travelled to Copenhagen to meet a potential client. His travel plans were unexpectedly disrupted when the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull spouted ash high across swathes of northern Europe. Thousands of flights across the continent were grounded for days because of concerns the ash might damage their engines. Lex, like the rest of the world, was stuck. Not only that; he had no change of clothes. And he looked set to miss another important meeting back in the UK.

Pinpoint: How GPS Is Changing Our World
by Greg Milner
Published 4 May 2016

consciousness, 117, 118 Constitution, U.S., Fourth Amendment to, 177–80, 188, 189, 191 Continental Airlines, 171–72 continental drift theory, 205–7, 216, 233 Cook, James, 7–12, 269 astronomical observations of, 24 journal of, 10 murder of, 106–7 Pacific voyages of, 7–10, 26, 27, 106–7, 263–64, 266 Tupaia and, 7–10, 21–24, 26, 263–64, 266 cooking oil, 183 Cook Islands, 4, 106 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), 154 Cornell University, 129, 149, 150 Counselman, Charles “Chuck,” 210, 211, 212–14 criminal justice system, 177–79, 194–99 see also police Croatian language, 114 Curiosity Mars rover, 258–59, 262 Currie, Malcolm, 53–54 DAGR receiver, 72 Dangermond, Jack, 239 Darwin, Charles, evolutionary theory of, 116 data collecting companies, 242–44 Datum company, 88 DC-3 aircraft, 51 dead reckoning, 16, 17, 18, 25, 82n, 121, 122 Deep Space Network (DSN), 259, 261 DEFCON hacker convention of 2015, 153 Defense Department, U.S., xviii, 28, 44–47, 53–54, 56, 60–62, 69, 75, 82–83, 91, 93–95, 97–98, 100, 140, 149, 152, 157, 212–13 Defense Mapping Agency of, 253, 254, 255; see also National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Delaware Office of Management and Budget, 184 Delaware River, 249 Delhi, 183 Delta-Differential One-Way Ranging (Delta-DOR), 260, 261, 287 democracies, 140 Denali National Park, 216–17, 218 Dennison, Lyle, 190 Denver, Colo., 75 Descartes, René, 9, 248 Detroit, Mich., 122 developmental topographical disorientation (DTD), 118 Dewey, John, 116 DGPS positioning technique, 99 Dirks, Stephen, xv Disney, Walt, 86 distance calculation, 16, 24–27 Dog of the South, The (Portis), 3 Doppler effect, 36–38, 40, 43, 44, 51, 259 Douglas Island, 138 Dover Strait, 166–67 Draper, Charles Stark “Doc,” 48 Driscoll, Ryan, 183, 184 drones, 67, 151–53, 168, 184–85 Dulles Airport, 155 Dunkirk, 246 Earth, 24, 53, 55, 262 apparent swelling (Palmdale Bulge) of, 210–11 atmosphere on, 227–30 center of, 253 compiling and sharing data on, 28 distribution of water on, 257 equatorial axis of, 246 equator of, 259 fastest circumnavigation of, 17, 126 gravitational field of, 131, 231–32, 245, 247, 250–51, 257 interior of, 206–7 latitude and longitude of, 24–27, 241, 245, 252, 253, 265 lithosphere (outer shell) of, 207 magnetism of, 27–28 measurement of, 253–54 measuring positioning, velocity, and acceleration of points on, 208–9 movement of, 202–8, 217–20 oblate spheroid shape of, 246 as only home for the human race, 209 orbiting of the sun by, 41, 228 polar regions of, 28 rotation of, 25, 43, 154, 202, 257, 261 75th meridian of, 30, 32 subduction zone of, 208 tectonic plate movement on, 3–4, 202–8, 209 topography of, 204–5 wobbling of, 257 earth-centered reference system, 253 Earth Day, 208 earthquakes, 202–4, 208–27, 232 casualties of, 215 land displacement in, 217–20, 224 magnitude of, 216–17, 219, 221–26 monitoring of, 203, 214–20, 223–24 prediction and warning of, 203, 210, 216, 224, 226 P-waves in, 223, 225 ShakeOut study of, 226–27 structural damage in, 215, 220, 221, 222, 225 S-waves in, 223 Easter Island, 4 Eastern Oblique Arc, 249 Easton, Roger, 31, 35, 39–40, 42–45, 47, 56–58, 153, 252 egalitarianism, 199 Egypt, 245 Einstein, Albert, xix, 267 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 29–30 electrical engineering, 48 electrical transmission, 158–61, 163–64 costs of, 241 disruption of, 158–59, 160 energy sources for, 160, 241 monitoring of, 159–61 electronic distance measurement (EDM), 251, 253 electronic monitoring systems, 175–77, 194–200 Electronic Route Guidance System (ERGS), 121 electronics, 85, 127 Elgin Air Force Base, 70 Elizabeth, N.J., 249 Elko County, Idaho, 136 ellipsoids, 247–49 Ellis, Roland, 63 eLoran, 166 El Segundo Air Force Base, 53 Endeavour, HMS, 7, 8–10 Enge, Per, 142, 171 England, xiv, 25–27, 104, 153 Hertfordshire County in, 197 Yorkshire County in, 113 English Channel, 166–67, 246 Enlightenment, 26 Eratosthenes, 245 Eschenbach, Ralph, 78–81, 83, 85, 87, 93 espionage, 55 Esri software company, 239 etak, 18–22, 118, 240, 262, 263, 265–66 definitions of, 18–19 Etak company, 122–23 Eurasia, 3 European Convention on Human Rights, 187 European Court of Human Rights, 187–88 European Datum 1952, 250 European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), 142 European Parliament, 104 European Space Agency, xvii European Union (EU), xvii, 144 Everest, Mount, 90 Eyjafjallajökull volcano, 230 F-4 aircraft, 59–60 Facebook, 194 Falcon Air Force Base, 62–63 Fallen Man photograph, 235–39, 235, 241–42, 248 GPS coordinates linked to, 238 location depicted in, 236, 245, 256 people and shops in, 236–38 time stamp on, 238 fascism, 177 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 140–41, 142, 151, 171 safety requirements of, 141 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 170, 178 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 200, 201 Federal Express, 143 Federal Highway Administration, U.S., Electronic Route Guidance System (ERGS) of, 121 fertilizer, 102, 103 Fiji, 4, 10 financial services industry, 161–64 Finney, Ben, 264–65 fixed-wing gunships, 50–51 fleet management industry, 183–84, 201, 282 Florida, 30, 31, 70, 90, 195–96 Fontainebleau, 246 Forbes, 127 Forlander, Abraham, 12 Fort Carson, xiii Fort Collins, Colo., 74, 75, 101 Fort Davis, Tex., 214 Fort Walton Beach, Fla., 70–71 fossils, 205 France, 158, 252, 263 Frankenstein, Julia, 130, 132 Freiburg, University of, Center for Cognitive Science at, 130 Freundschuh, Scott, 125 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, 222, 225 Fulton, Steve, 139, 279 Gable, Ralph, see Schwitzgebel, Ralph Gable, Robert, see Schwitzgebel, Robert Galileo Galilei, 29 Galileo system, xvii–xviii, 144 Gambale, Nunzio, 164–66 Garmin C550 receivers, 126 Garmin GPS Systems, 100, 126–27, 242 consumer electronics segment of, 127 Gastineau Channel, 138 Gatty, Harry, 17 General Accounting Office, 60 General Electric, 44 General Motors, 120 geochronology technologies, 207 geodesy, 245–48, 250–55, 286 geographic information systems (GIS), 239–42 GPS linked to, 239–40, 245 perception of the world shaped by, 241–42 geography, 3–4, 19, 118, 125 geoids, 247, 256 Geological Survey, U.S.

…

The Mount Redoubt explosion shut down Anchorage and nearby airports for several days, and the drifting cloud complicated air traffic as far away as Texas. Every day, more than 200 large aircraft—many following the great circle routes over the Arctic that link Europe, Asia, and North America—fly over the Aleutian Arc. Anchorage is also a major hub for commercial freight moving between the U.S. and Asia. In 2010, ash from the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland grounded hundreds of planes over European airspace, stranding millions of travelers for a week or more and costing airports and the airline industry around $2 billion. Measuring the water in an ash cloud was not exactly part of the original GPS mission statement. “I can assure you,” Larson says, laughing, “Brad Parkinson—you know, how could he have thought about something like this?

Aerotropolis
by John D. Kasarda and Greg Lindsay
Published 2 Jan 2009

City of Los Angeles, 29 Abraham Lincoln National Airport, 53–56; opposition to, 57–58 Abramson, Jerry, 86 Abu Dhabi, 291, 292; Dubai vs., 206, 207, 304–305, 309–10; oil reserves in, 294 Accenture, 126 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 317; airport in, 321–22; Bole neighborhood of, 321; as shipping hub, 320–25 Adelson, Sheldon, 378–79 Adkins, Craig, 70, 72, 73 aerial connectivity: as boost to medical tourism, 275–76; commuting transformed by, 118–19 aerotropolis, aerotropoli: accessibility vs. location for, 170; in Bangkok, see Bangkok, Thailand; business accom-modated by, 167–68; coinage of word, 5, 383, 419; customized for floral industry, 222; design principles of, 5–6; Detroit’s plans for, 180–207; as distinct from airports, 173–74; early adopters of, 246; early indicators of, 6; early prototypes of, 169–73; evolution of, 5–6; as form of globalization, 5, 6, 8, 175–76; as frictionless, 167–68; as fuel dependent, 332; governance of, 176–77, 188, 190, 194–96; jobs created by, 19; Kasarda’s definition of, 174; as made vs. born, 79–80; New Songdo City as template for, 5, 354, 357; as physical Internet, 9–10; as product of Instant Age, 6; public perception of, 349; purpose-built suburbs around, 89–90; risk of runaway growth in, 169; Schiphol and Amsterdam as model for, 211–12; speed needed in development of, 170, 174, 192, 195–96; as suited to pace of urbanization, 19; as sustainable and green cities, 350, 353–58; Visteon Village as model of, 199, 200–201 Aerotropolis Development Corp., 195–96, 198 Africa: Chinese construction of cities and airports in, 360, 399; Chinese living in, 399; Chinese trade with, 319–20, 360, 398–400; commercialized agriculture as future for, 235–36; farming footprint in, 232; farmland available in, 235; floral industry in, 212, 216, 221, 222–24, 317, 319, 407; food imports to, 235; foreign land acquisition in, 348, 427; globalization of, 319–20, 324; SAM shipments introduced to, 318; shipment of goods to, 317–25 agriculture, sustainable, 234 Air Asia, 252 Airborne Express, 87 Airbus, 27, 173, 347; in China, 402, 406 air cargo: as cost effective, 361–62; growth of, 337–38; shipping costs in, 243, 338; value of, 17 Air China, 403 Air Deccan, 279 Air India, 280 Airline Deregulation Act, 94–95, 123 airline loyalty programs, 102 airlines, airline industry: adapting to fuel prices, 340–41; bankruptcy filed by, 331; expansion of, 276; Eyjafjallajökull interruption of, 17–18; globalization and, 17–18; as increasingly green, 21–22, 345–49; Kyoto exemption for, 346; lip service to climate change paid by, 346; share of GDP, 347 airports: adaptability problems with, 16, 35, 96, 372; aerotropoli as distinct from, 173–74; along Pacific Rim, 29; carbon neutral goal of, 351; early plans for, 26; improving sustainability of, 350; instant cities near, 358; jobs created by, 30, 87, 114, 174, 190; layovers in, 96–98; municipal neglect of, 26, 32, 352; noise pollution around, 28–29, 86; politization of, 26, 46–47, 48–49, 170, 188, 256, 281; poorly planned, 350; public perception of, 32–33, 349; residential areas around, 22–24, 28–29, 40, 45, 46, 64, 86–90, 146–47, 197; as shopping malls, 96, 422; space overcome by, 26; as trade and connectivity incubators, 26, 174, 350; train links to, 155–56, 351–52; Western U.S. dependency on, 33 air traffic control systems, 352–53 air transport: as central to globalization, 17; interruption of, 17–18 air travel: by business travelers, 6–7, 18; carbon footprint of, 15, 21–22, 330, 333–38; as central to globalization, 17–18, 165, 413; cost of delays in, 352; deregulation and, 94–95, 123; EU made possible by, 18; fuel needs and costs, 331, 342; greenhouse gases from, 335–37, 345; growth of, 22, 98–99, 340; increased with high-speed rail, 352; Jevons Paradox in, 328–29; as key to Pacific Rim economic development, 244; links to oil prices, 21; peak oil and, 329–33; post-peak oil, 332–33; profitability of, 331; and rise of multinationals, 165; social stigma against, 335; tourism connections made by, 265 Airworld, 97–108; business conducted within, 107–12 Akamatsu, Kaname, 391 Al Badia Hillside Village, 289, 290 Al Burj, 291 algae, oil from, 348, 350 Ali, Mwanje, 319–20 Alibaba.com, 367 Al Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid, 290–91, 292, 294, 295 Al Maktoum, Rashid bin Saeed, 294–95 Al Nahyan, Khalifa bin Zayed, 292 Amazon, 75–77; business expansion of, 72; shipping costs at, 70, 75–76; Zappos bought by, 69 Amazon Prime, 75–76, 422 Ambani, Anil, 283 Amelio, Bill, 125 American Airlines, 27, 48, 102; hubbing created by, 92, 95–96 American Axle, 201 America Online, 41–42 Amsterdam: as aerotropolis by design, 20; Detroit delegation in, 180–81, 183–84, 189–92, 425; floral industry in, 24, 209–25, 407; Zuidas business district in, 191 Amsterdam Airport Area, 190 Amyris, 348 Andersen, Kurt, 386 Andolino, Rosemarie, 50–51 Annan, Kofi, 264 Apple, 371, 396–97 Applebaum, Anne, 18 Asia: Detroit’s air links to, 182; FedEx hubs in, 171, 372–73, 384, 433; investment in aviation across, 244–45; as largest aviation market, 402 Asian financial crisis, 353–54 Asian Tigers, 244, 391–92, 394 assembly line production, Ford’s creation of, 68, 179, 180, 185, 186 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 400–401, 402–403 ASUSTeK, 370–71 Atlantic, The, 204, 361 Australia, 400 automotive industry: in China, 200, 203–207, 337,342, 409; Chinese acquisition and investment in U.S., 205–207; cities as shaped by, 11; in Detroit, 179–80, 184–87; economic impact of, 425–26; engineering within, 201–202; growth markets for, 200, 203–207; outsourcing in, 202–203; as part of GDP, 186; railroad decline hastened by, 243; results of globalization of, 269; in South Korea, 203–205; supply chains of, 199; U.S. market for, 186–87, 200, 201, 337 aviation and aerospace industry: in California, 26, 27–29; carbon footprint of, 430–31; during Cold War, 27,28; economic impact of, 28; first flight in, 349; Ford’s operations in, 179–80; military links to, 27–28; speed of technology change in, 341; in World War II, 27 Aviation Department, Chicago, 48 babassu palms, 347 Baca, Tony, 33–34 baht, 248–49 Baiyun International, 372 Bali, Vishal, 275 Ballard, J.

…

.: public perception of airports in, 134; as railroad town, 133–34; as residential aerotropolis, 134–35; residential areas of, 133; urban future of, 145–47 Denver International Airport (DIA), 132–35; planning for, 136–39; residential areas around, 133–36, 146–47 DeSoto Trade Center, 84 Detroit: aerotropolis construction in, 198; aerotropolis plans for, 8, 180–207; airlinks to Asia of, 182;automotive industry in, 26, 180–207; as autotropolis, 181, 187; Chinese businesses in, 205–207; decline of, 180, 184–87, 269, 425–26; design of aerotropolis in, 196–98; engineering as asset in, 201–202; focus and purpose of aerotropolis in, 198–99, 205–207; governance of aerotropolis in, 194–96; as indicator of economic collapse, 183; industrial history of, 185–86; as shipping hub, 183–84; as trading hub, 185; transit strategey for, 197, 198; unemployment in, 183, 185; as well located for aerotropolis, 182 Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, 182 Detroit Regional Chamber, 181 Detroit Renaissance, 181, 182, 192, 194 Deutsch, Burt, 88, 89 developing nations, aerotropoli adopted across, 18–19 DHL, 87–88 Diamond, Jared, 401 DiGirolamo, Mike, 32, 33, 34, 56 Dillon, Harrison, 348 distance: cost of, 332; overcoming, 11, 115–16, 270–71, 414 district heating, 356 Djibouti, Ethiopia, 323 Doha, Qatar, 291 Dole Food Company, 221 Dongguan, China, 364, 372 Don Muang airport, 256 dot-com bubble, 41 Douglas, Donald, 27 Douglas Aircraft, 27 Dragonair, 380 driving, greenhouse gases from, 336 Drucker, Peter, 74–75 Dubai, 10, 168, 169, 193, 287–304, 354, 429; aerotropolis plans in, 295–96; aviation spending in, 297; brand building in, 296–97; as business friendly, 287–89; construction and infrastructure in, 291, 294–95; economy of, 291–92, 293, 295, 296; expats in, 287–90, 292, 294; financial crisis in, 291–92, 293; free zones in, 291; Internet City free zone in, 296; Lebanese population in, 287–89; location and geography as asset for, 295, 296; on New Silk Road, 297; oil reserves in, 294; as shipping and logistics hub, 317–21; socio-economic spectrum in, 289; speed of decision making in, 193; Supreme Fiscal Committee in, 297; Swift Freight operations in, 318; tourism in, 296, 297, 298; as trading hub with China, 315–17; urban planning in, 293; virtual density of, 293–94 Dubai Festival City, 290 Dubai International Airport, 290, 387 Dubai Mall, 291 Dubai World Central, 294, 310–13, 430 Dulles International Airport, 38–46, 295, 312–13, 421; business migration to, 44; as de facto aerotropolis, 46; location of, 38–39; military contractors and, 39,40; overseas traffic through, 43–44; residential areas around, 40, 45, 46; size of, 39 Dulles Toll Road, as high tech avenue, 45 Dunavant, William B., 60 Dunay, Andres, 141 Dutch East India Company, 209–10, 212 Dutch Flower Group, 219–20 Earhart, Amelia, 179 Earth Policy Institute, 187 Eastern Michigan State University, 188 easyJet, 117, 333 e-commerce: as transformative, 8, 73–74, 76–77; see also Internet economic crisis of 2008, 37, 183, 206, 210, 331, 386, 392, 393, 394, 398, 401–402 economic stimulus, application of, 170, 198, 352–53, 377 economies, shaped by transportation, 243 Economist, The, 281, 282 Economy of Cities, The (Jacobs), 186 ecotourism, 265 Ecuador, floral industry in, 221, 222 Edge City (Garreau), 11 education, as service industry, 168 efficiency, equity vs., 341 Ehrlich, Paul, 339 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 38 elastic mile, 11, 12, 116–17, 168 electric cars, 204, 342, 344, 353 Elfrink, Wim, 115, 358 Elizabethtown, Ky., 69 Elk Grove Village, Ill., 50 El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, 35–36 Elvis Presley Enterprises, 84, 85–86 Emirates Airlines, 295, 297 Energy Department, U.S., 348, 353 English East India Company, 210 Enron, 394 environment: airport designs harmful to, 350; air travel and, 15, 21–22, 333–38; impact of aviation on, 338–43 ethanol, 344, 347 Ethiopia, floral industry in, 224, 317 Ethiopian Airlines, 318, 320, 323, 324 Euless, Tex., 128–29 Europe, high-speed rail in, 351 European Union, no frills carriers across, 333–34, 337 exports, as share of GDP, 332 ExxonMobil, 342, 349 Eyjafjallajökull, 17–18, 420 Facebook, 113 Fairfax County, Va., 38–46; Chinese companies in, 44; Dulles-driven growth of, 40–41; expanding beyond Pentagon ties, 41–42 Fairfax County Economic Development Authority, 43 fair trade, carbon footprint and, 231 Fallows, James, 204, 361 Fast Company, 24, 332 Faster (Gleick), 61 fate, Kasarda’s view of, 7 Federal Express: Asian hubs of, 171, 372–73, 384, 433; businesses drawn to, 62, 82; European hubs of, 383; Greensboro operations of, 171; Guangzhou hub of, 433; Kasarda’s plans used by, 8, 79, 171, 373, 384; in Memphis, 7, 60–64, 81, 82, 383; as network, 63; shipping models changed by, 61 Fei Xiaotong, 373 Ferguson, Niall, 392 Ferreira, Jo, 79, 80 Ficano, Robert, 182, 183–84, 188, 189, 191, 192–96, 198–99, 202, 205, 206–207, 426 Fischer, Claude, 118–19 Flight (LaGuardia Marine Air Terminal mural), 412 floral industry: Aalsmeer auctions and warehouses in, 211, 212–17; in Africa, 212, 216, 221, 222–24, 317, 319, 407; in Amsterdam, 24, 209–25; carbon footprint of, 231; in China, 407; exports to U.S., 215; globalization of, 426–27; important holidays in, 212; post-World War II exports of, 211; shipments and logistics in, 24, 426; supply chain in, see cool chain; technological advances in, 210–11 Floramerica, 221 Florida, Richard, 83, 136, 203 Florimex, 219–20 Flother, Bill, 270 Flower Confidential (Stewart), 217 fluidity, of population, 12, 18 Fluor, 121–22, 124 food, carbon footprint of, 230 food chains, 225–41; greenhouse gases from, 336 food industry: carbon footprint within, 427;shipments and logistics of, 24, 427 food miles, 230–33, 427; environmental impact of, 232 food production: increases in, 233–40; shortages in, 233–34 Ford, Henry, 179–80, 185, 188, 243, 366, 425 Ford Airlines, 425 Ford Airport, 179, 187, 425 Fortis Hospitals, 275 Foshan, China, 383 Foster, Norman, 386–87 Foxconn, 362, 396–97, 432 Frankfurt, Germany, food shipments through, 227–28 Frankfurt Airport, expansion plans for, 17 free trade, carbon footprint and, 231 free will, see agency freight dogs, 421 frequent fliers, lifestyle of, 422 Friedman, Thomas, 32, 207, 281–82 Front Range, as megapolitan area, 144–45, 424 Fulenwider, Cal, III, 134, 137–39, 140–41, 146 Fulenwider, L.C., 137 Fuller, Stephen, 421 Fulton Fish Market, 226 Fung, Victor, 374, 380, 382 Fung, William, 374 Gale, Stan, 3–5, 10, 22, 354–55, 357–58 Gaozi, Emperor, 409 Gapper, John, 32 Garreau, Joel, 11, 41 gasoline prices, 341 Gatwick Airport, 16 Gaylord Entertainment, 109 Gebremariam, Tewolde, 324 Geek Squad City, 77–78 General Electric, 202–203, 388 General Motors, 180, 186, 192, 203–204 Germany, exports from, 393 Gilbert, Richard, 333 Gilder, George, 12 Gingrich, Newt, 195 Giuffre, Mark, 421–422 Gladstone, William, 328 Gladwell, Malcolm, 73–74 GlaxoSmithKline, 9 Gleick, James, 61 globalization: aerotropoli as form of, 5, 6; of Africa, 319–20, 324; and airborne middle class, 99; air travel as central to, 17–18, 165, 413; cities as hubs of, 175–76; Eastern shift of, 5, 8; economic bubbles as bets on, 426; of food chains, 236–38; of food supplies, 230–31; future of, 13; of health care, 267, 268; of industries and companies, 124–28, 199–201, 224–25, 374–75; introduction of, 164–65; leveling effects of, 211–12; pace of, 168–69; retrofitting cities for, 5, 6, 17; as reversible, 332; stability of, 21; of tourism, 264; as transformative, 10, 183 Global TransPark, 169–70, 171–73, 379; developing idea for, 425 GMR, 277, 278, 280–81, 283, 429 goods economy, 9–10; air transport as central to, 17–18; inventory avoided in, 363–64; shipping costs in, 243, 338, 361–62, 365 Gopinath, G.

…

Wanting the world right this instant has created incalculable wealth, completely reconfigured how many companies and even industries operate, and is now willing entire cities into being. It’s just that we tend to notice only when our choices are taken away from us. When the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted violently in April 2010, ash carried into the upper atmosphere drifted southward, forcing a shutdown of European airspace. For more than a week, tens of thousands of flights were canceled daily. Six million travelers were trapped, and millions of others were grounded at home. Everyone seemed to have a friend on Facebook who was stuck.

Age of Discovery: Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Our New Renaissance
by Ian Goldin and Chris Kutarna
Published 23 May 2016

See capitalism; finance; financial crisis of 2007–2008; market economies education, 78, 95–101, 147, 182, 185 and extremism, 207–9 progress in, 81–3 in the Renaissance, 26, 28–9, 75, 79–81, 135 universal right to, 81 universities across Europe in the Renaissance, 79 and virtue, 263–6 Einstein, Albert, 124 energy sector, 43, 50, 160, 162, 178, 186, 192, 200, 243, 244 Erasmus, Desiderius, 144, 236, 261, 264–5 European Union (EU), 25, 43, 54, 57, 59, 66, 221–2, 230 extremism and extremists and disillusionment, 210–12, 214 expecting, 206–7 and hope, 212 and modernity, 207–10 in the Renaissance, 203–6, 214 EyeWire, 149 Eyjafjallajökull volcano, 196 Facebook, 33, 36, 96, 138, 145, 148–9, 198, 212, 222, 224, 261 Ferguson, Niall, 110–11 fiber-optic cables, 31, 197 finance and complexity, 189–90 and concentration, 190–1 credit derivatives, 47–8 and deregulation, 48 foreign direct investment (FDI), 49 history of, 45–7 international investment flows, 49 new variety, 48–9 new volumes, 48–50 in the Renaissance, 187–8 securitization, 47–8 subprime mortgage market, 48 and systemic risk, 187–91 financial crisis of 2007–2008, 4, 8, 42, 48, 50, 188–92, 219, 221–2, 245, 253, 258 foresight, 189–90, 254–6 Foresti, Giacomo Filippo, 29 free trade, 5, 25, 230.

…

Across the Pacific in Santa Clara, California, Intel lost $1 billion of revenue in 2011’s fourth quarter.70 Thailand’s HDD manufacturing recovered, but only temporarily. The 2011 floods helped hasten the tech industry’s transition to the solid-state drives made by Thailand’s neighbors, and since 2013, Thai HDD exports have been falling.71 A similar story unfolded when Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in spring 2010, spewing a cloud of ash over Western Europe that shut down, for six days, all three major airport hubs that connect Europe to the rest of the world—London Heathrow, Frankfurt and Paris Charles de Gaulle. Almost 100,000 flights were cancelled, and the ensuing chaos—ranging from cancelled organ transplants in European hospitals to rotted flowers and fruit in Kenyan and Zambian warehouses—cost the world economy an estimated $5 billion.72 New social complexity and concentrations did nothing to raise the risk of a volcanic eruption actually occurring, but they raised its costs, once it did occur.

Scandinavia
by Andy Symington
Published 24 Feb 2012

Básar (operated by Útivist; 562 1000, 893 2910; www.utivist.is; N 63°40.559, W 19°29.014; sleeping bag in dm Ikr2800) Húsadalur (operated by HI Iceland; 552 8300, 894 1506; www.hostel.is; N 63°41.350, W 19°33.100; sleeping bag in dm Ikr3100) Þórsmörk/Skagfjörðsskáli (operated by Ferðafélag Íslands; 568 2533; www.fi.is; N 63°40.960, W 19°30.890; sleeping bag in dm Ikr4200) Þórsmörk is the end of the Landmannalaugar–Þórsmörk trek (Click here ), although walkers can extend the journey with the 23km Þórsmörk–Skógar hike . It crosses Fimmvörðuháls Pass, where a new lava field was formed in the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions. Go prepared – the terrain is tough, the pass is high and bad weather can descend very quickly even in midsummer. Huts along the Þórsmörk–Skógar stretch are operated by Útivist ( 562 1000; www.utivist.is; Laugavegur 178, Reykjavík; sleeping-bag in hut Ikr2800) . From mid-June to mid-September Reykjavík Excursions ( 580 5400; www.re.is) runs a bus between Reykjavík and Húsadalur (over the hill from Þórsmörk) at 8am daily (Ikr5800, 3½ hours); from mid-June to August, a second service runs daily at 4pm.

…

In May 2009 a new left-wing government was elected, headed by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Iceland’s first female prime minister. Later that year, the government voted by a narrow margin to apply for EU membership, with a referendum expected in early 2012 should Iceland be invited to join. In volcano news, the ash cloud from the April 2010 eruption under Eyjafjallajökull glacier shut down European air traffic for six days, causing travel chaos across much of the continent. The airline industry, which is estimated to have lost over US$200 million per day, breathed a sigh of relief when the eruption stopped on May 23 – as did media broadcasters and commentators, who struggled woefully to pronounce the glacier’s name correctly.

…

AT A GLANCE » Capital Reykjavík » Area 103,000 sq km » Population 318,200 » Country code 354 » Language Icelandic » Currency króna (Ikr) Exchange Rates Australia A$1 Ikr121.04 Canada C$1 Ikr116.63 Europe €1 Ikr164.67 Japan ¥100 Ikr136.15 New Zealand NZ$1 Ikr88.92 UK UK£1 Ikr184.97 USA US$1 Ikr111.06 Set Your Budget » Budget hotel room Ikr17,000 » Two-course evening meal Ikr4000 » Museum entrance free–Ikr1000 » Beer (500mL) Ikr800 » Reykjavík bus ticket Ikr280 Resources » Icelandic Tourist Board (www.visiticeland.com) With links to regional websites » Reykjavík Tourist Office (www.visitreykjavik.is) Iceland Highlights Hike from Þórsmörk to Skógar (Click here ) and see the new lava formed in the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions Walk up a glinting glacier at Skaftafell (Click here ) Tour the smouldering volcanic wastelands of Krafla (Click here ) Swim through steam clouds at Iceland’s world-famous Blue Lagoon (Click here ) spa or Mývatn Nature Baths (Click here ) Visit the Vestmannaeyjar (Click here ) to experience life in a close-knit island community…and see puffins See ocean giants roll from the waves on a whale-watching (Click here ) trip in Húsavík Rocket down rapids in a raft (Click here ) Cavort with happy drunks on the Reykjavík runtur (Click here ) REYKJAVÍK POP 117,500 Iceland’s pint-size capital is cute and complex and runs entirely on coffee.

50 Future Ideas You Really Need to Know
by Richard Watson
Published 5 Nov 2013

All of these events are highly unlikely to occur within our lifetimes, but they’re not impossible and if they were to occur the impacts could be catastrophic. the condensed idea Geologically speaking, we’ve been lucky timeline 1815 Tambora eruption 1883 Krakatoa eruption 1906 San Francisco earthquake 1960 Chilean earthquake 2010 Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull volcano 2011 Tokyo earthquake and tsunami 2028 Istanbul Great Quake 2056 Rogue asteroid strike 45 The sixth mass extinction Of all the species that have ever existed on our planet, 95 percent are now believed to be extinct. Mass extinction events have occurred many times on Earth, but five “big kills” over the past 540 million years or so have resulted in around 75 percent of all animal species disappearing.

Stephen Hawking
by Leonard Mlodinow
Published 8 Sep 2020

It wasn’t long before I discovered I was wrong. Stephen did not have Bohr’s tra-la-la attitude. He felt very strongly about his pills. He had faith in his pills. So much faith that he was psychologically dependent on them. He was addicted, his carers told me. Once, Stephen was at a conference in Texas when the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted. Air traffic across northern Europe was interrupted for six days. Stephen was stuck and ran out of pills. He panicked and grew desperate. There was talk of asking his acquaintance Prince Philip of Spain (now the king) to lend him his private jet, either to bring Stephen his pills or to fly him back to Europe, but Judith didn’t act on the idea.

Wonders of the Universe
by Brian Cox and Andrew Cohen
Published 12 Jul 2011

As far as the actual height of the ocean surface is concerned, however, the most influential factor of all is not shown: the Moon The geoid helps us to understand unseen structures on our planet, such as here in Iceland where magma is welling upwards from Earth’s mantle, affecting the gravitational field there. In this image, taken in May 2010 from a NASA satellite, the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull can be seen erupting. THE TUG OF THE MOON Many of the planets that exist in our solar system have families of moons; from the sixty-three satellites of Jupiter, to the thirteen moons of Neptune, and to the two tiny misshapen moons of Mars. Our planet has only a single moon; it is our constant companion, with which we have travelled through space for almost four and a half billion years.

The Iceberg
by Marion Coutts

This is the last episode. I have a virus and he has it too. He vomits on the bedroom carpet beside me. 2.4 13 April 2010 Dear Friends The operation went well. Tom is sitting up, talking, eating, reading. He looks extremely good. All praise to the surgeon. With love In a bold pre-emptive move the volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupts into the air and from this catalyst many things follow. Across much of northern Europe people stop flying. Not in mid-air, though you might think this from the commotion. They remain afar, wherever they happen to be, and as the days pass clamour ever louder to be brought home. The volcano cannot be appeased so they turn their fire on systems and institutions.

The Iceberg: A Memoir
by Marion Coutts
Published 2 Jul 2014

This is the last episode. I have a virus and he has it too. He vomits on the bedroom carpet beside me. 2.4 13 April 2010 Dear Friends The operation went well. Tom is sitting up, talking, eating, reading. He looks extremely good. All praise to the surgeon. With love In a bold pre-emptive move the volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupts into the air and from this catalyst many things follow. Across much of northern Europe people stop flying. Not in mid-air, though you might think this from the commotion. They remain afar, wherever they happen to be, and as the days pass clamour ever louder to be brought home. The volcano cannot be appeased so they turn their fire on systems and institutions.

Foolproof: Why Safety Can Be Dangerous and How Danger Makes Us Safe
by Greg Ip
Published 12 Oct 2015

In 2001 aviation’s global governing body, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), declared: “At present there are no agreed values of ash concentration which constitute a hazard to jet aircraft engines.… In view of this, the recommended procedure in the case of volcanic ash is… regardless of ash concentration—AVOID AVOID AVOID.” That zero-tolerance advice was in effect on April 14, 2010, when Iceland’s Eyjafjallajokull erupted. It was not a particularly big eruption. But its location meant that its ash cloud would spread through some of the world’s busiest airspace: the North Atlantic and all of Europe. Taking the ICAO’s decade-old advice to heart, regulators in more than twenty countries closed three hundred airports and canceled one hundred thousand flights; ten million passengers were grounded.

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A similar challenge faces those who wish to prevent another global financial crisis: such events happen rarely enough that solutions cannot be tested with any confidence. The solutions we think will work can be imposed, perhaps at enormous cost, and we will still be taken by surprise when something we didn’t imagine arises. Because changes in safety are harder to justify with empirical data, the industry also pushes back more, as the Eyjafjallajokull eruption demonstrated. By day four of the groundings, passenger patience was running out and airlines began pestering regulators to reopen the skies. Several airlines sent test flights into the cloud and regulators concluded that it was safe to fly at relatively low concentrations of ash. Soon airports were reopening across Europe.

Peers Inc: How People and Platforms Are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism
by Robin Chase
Published 14 May 2015

He personally programmed the initial minimum viable product but knew that he would soon need to hire professional engineers. He too worked through the reality of sloppy peer production and learned how to improve the quality of peer-to-peer offerings. He experimented with several business models. And he had some very good luck (French rail strikes in 2007, and the 2010 eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull that shut down European air transport for eight days, stranding millions of passengers) just when he needed it; he was also well prepared to take advantage of that and make the service known. In 2008, Fred introduced an online rating system for both drivers and passengers. This proved to be a key element in addressing fear and trust issues among prospective passengers.

The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans
by Mark Lynas
Published 3 Oct 2011

To most people my contention that humans are now running the show smacks of hubris. Consequently everyone loves a good disaster, because it makes us feel small. After the 2004 Asian tsunami there were honest discussions over the benevolence or otherwise of God. Those in the path of hurricanes often speak about the anger of Mother Nature. When the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull erupted in April 2010, news reports reminded us of “nature’s awesome power over humans,” as if a few grounded aircraft in Europe had humbled us helpless clumsy apes. The Japanese earthquake and resulting tsunami disaster in March 2011 showed nature’s force at its most powerful and destructive, but many lives were saved because of warning systems and strict building codes.

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“energy sprawl” “enigmatic decline” Enriching the Earth (Smil) Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Eocene ethanol European Emissions Trading Scheme European Union evolution: intelligence/brain; as part of process of Earth’s self-regulation; of life; adaptation to a changed environment and extinction: mass; animal Eyjafjallajokull volcano eruption, 2010 farming see agriculture Federal Endangered Species List, U.S. Feely, Richard fertilizer, agricultural fire-ape, birth of “Flask world” “flood basalts” Food Animal Initiative food-fuel relationship France: nuclear power in; wheat yields in; Copenhagen summit; emissions freshwater boundary; fragmentation of rivers by man-made infrastructure; benefits of water engineering and control; ecological zones; dams and; removal of water from rivers for agriculture; hydroelectric dams; desalination; extinction rate of freshwater species; water temperature; storm surges; freshwater ecological restoration; increasing global trade in virtual water; privatization of; water wastage; putting a price on water Friends of the Earth Fuji-Hakone-Izu Park, Japan Fukushima disaster, 2011 G8 Gaia theory Galápagos Islands Galiana, Isabel Ganges River “gap species” GDP as measure of progress “gender benders” genetic engineering (GE) geoengineering Germany “ghost habitats” Gingrich, Newt glaciers Glen Canyon Dam Glines Canyon Dam Global Biodiversity Outlook “global dimming” Global Warming Policy Foundation Global Wind Energy Council glyphosate gomphotheres Gooding, Mike Google; Foundation Gore, Al Gorham’s Cave, Gibraltar Gothenburg Protocol, 1999 GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming great apes, extinction of Great Barrier Reef, Australia Green Fund Green Investment Bank Green Revolution Green, Chris Greenland Greenpeace Greens; biodiversity loss and; call into question GDP as measure of progress; push the difficulty of dealing with climate change; genetic engineering and; plea to give up flying; campaign against environmental toxics; nuclear power and; antiscience; population growth and Guardian Gulf of Mexico Haber, Fritz Haber-Bosch process HadCM3 Hambler, Clive Hansen, James Helm, Dieter Himalaya History of Life, The (Cowen) Ho Chi Minh City Holocene hominids Homo erectus Homo habilis Homo neanderthalensis Homo pyrophilus Homo sapiens: dominance of; ascent of; god species or rebel organism?

A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived
by Adam Rutherford
Published 7 Sep 2016

Thingvellir’s bleak, brutal but green land (when not blanketed in snow), perches atop a jagged cliff overlooking the mile-wide valley that separates the North American tectonic plate from the Eurasian one. Iceland straddles a rip in the Earth’s mantle, and the two plates riven through the land are slowly pulling it apart, at the speed of fingernail growth. There is the source of Iceland’s living rock, still angry to this day – Eyjafjallajökull and Bárðarbunga, and a smattering of other minor volcanoes blowing their tops in the last five years. Iceland is a weird place. The living landscape is virtually extraterrestrial – glacial and barren, volcanic and lunar, and its culture and language rich and bewitching. Its latitude means that the winters are black all day, and the summer sun barely dips below the horizon.

Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture
by Kyle Chayka
Published 15 Jan 2024

Travelers only exceeded the local population around the year 2000, and growth really took off around 2010. From that year, the chart goes exponential, like the spreading of a meme. Ironically, it was a disaster that kicked off the twenty-first-century tourism boom. The first cause was the eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull in March 2010, which grounded flights across Europe for a week in April, since the volcanic ash filling the air would damage airplane engines. (As far as Iceland itself was concerned, the eruption happened in a very isolated farming community and required the evacuation of only around eight hundred people—no big deal.)

The Content Trap: A Strategist's Guide to Digital Change
by Bharat Anand
Published 17 Oct 2016

This led us to ask a question we now ask over and over during major events: “Can we help readers help each other?” In the years that followed, this question became a focal point of VG ’s newsroom approach during major crises or events. In 2009 the volcanic ash from the eruptions of Iceland’s Eyjafjallajökull ice caps spread from Iceland to Scandinavia, then to the rest of Europe and as far south as Morocco, fueled by the jet stream. More than ninety-five thousand flights were eventually canceled across Europe and as far away as China. Every flight in Norway was canceled, including medical search and rescue helicopters—an unprecedented event.

The Best Business Writing 2013
by Dean Starkman
Published 1 Jan 2013

At that, a second team, made up of computer technicians and ops center managers, began drawing up an exhaustive list of tests and contingency plans to ensure that the data could be combined without causing a catastrophe. DeYoung insisted that the airline’s emergency operations center be fully staffed for the data cutover—a measure legacy United had last taken in April 2010, when the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull grounded European flights for weeks. For their final test in late October, the transition team had an empty Continental 737 fly from Houston to El Paso and back just to make sure the ops center could track it. The team had the pilots pretend to have a mechanical problem and return to the gate.

The Default Line: The Inside Story of People, Banks and Entire Nations on the Edge
by Faisal Islam
Published 28 Aug 2013

In the March 2010 referendum Iceland rejected the terms of the Icesave debt, risking international financial isolation, causing problems with the IMF, and jeopardising its negotiations to join the European Union. In fact Iceland did much more than just reject the pressure over Icesave. In April 2010 financial calamity was almost matched by natural calamity. The Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption caused the largest disruption to air travel since the Second World War, stranding 5 million passengers in Europe and losing airlines £1 billion. Yet little more than 150 kilometres away from the eruption, Reykjavik’s International Airport remained open while airports across much of Europe were forced to close for the best part of a week.

This Is Service Design Doing: Applying Service Design Thinking in the Real World: A Practitioners' Handbook
by Marc Stickdorn , Markus Edgar Hormess , Adam Lawrence and Jakob Schneider
Published 12 Jan 2018

Our main goal was to use (service) design in order to learn as much as we could from the people that KLM cares deeply about: the world travelers entering, leaving, or just transferring through Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. We tried to understand what it was they valued, what was important to them, and what it meant to travel the world. Let me take you one step back … In 2010, the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland erupted, putting huge amounts of ash into the atmosphere. For five days, most flights to and from Europe were canceled, leaving many people stranded in airports. The Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was also closed. But something interesting happened – most of the KLM staff headed to the airport.

Lonely Planet Switzerland
by Lonely Planet

One cookie-cutter shape definitely does not fit Sonderfall Schweiz (literally ‘special-case Switzerland’) and its dramatically different inhabitants. Quite the contrary: from centuries-old Alpine traditions that are positively wild in nature, such as wrestling and stone throwing, to new-millennium Googlers in Zürich who shimmy into work down a fire pole, to Geneva jewellers who make exclusive watches from moon dust or ash from Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano, to fashionable 30-somethings sporting bags made of recycled truck tarps, the Swiss like to innovate. They also have the determination to complement their creativity – keenly demonstrated by their restless quest to test their limits in the sporting arena, and the extraordinarily tough, independent spirit with which Swiss farmers resolutely work the land to create a sustainable lifestyle.