Beyond Inheritance: Our Ever-Mutating Cells and a New Understanding of Health
by Roxanne Khamsi; · 21 Apr 2026 · 335pp · 91,958 words
’s a hope it could be tailored as a genome-surveillance tool to look for—and correct—mutations. The venture, aptly named Spellcheck Bio, counts George Church, a geneticist at Harvard University and serial entrepreneur, as one of its cofounders. Beyond DNA repair and gene editing there are even more ideas about
We Are as Gods: A Survival Guide for the Age of Abundance
by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler · 13 Apr 2026 · 225pp · 76,418 words
revival. By 2020, CRISPR-Cas9 had revolutionized gene editing, giving us the ability to reconstruct the genomes of ancient animals. That’s when Harvard geneticist George Church, who many credit with pioneering the field of synthetic biology, proposed rewilding the arctic tundra with de-extincted woolly mammoth hybrids—the region’s original
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is lifting hundreds of millions of people out of energy poverty. Yes, Dean Kamen is bringing organ regeneration to the masses. Yes, Ben Lamm and George Church are de-extincting woolly mammoths to fight climate change and combat biodiversity loss. But these aren’t isolated incidents. They’re exemplars of larger trends
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a Treatment Strategy for Inherited Diseases,” Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 (December 2021), https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.699597. Harvard geneticist George Church: Stephanie Dutchen, “A Mammoth Solution: Scientists Look to Extinct Genes to Protect Endangered Species, Climate,” Harvard Medical School, November 12, 2021, https://hms.harvard.edu
The Gene: An Intimate History
by Siddhartha Mukherjee · 16 May 2016 · 824pp · 218,333 words
DNA is a little side-show, but every disease that’s with us is caused by DNA. And [every disease] can be fixed by DNA. —George Church While human gene therapy was exiled to wander its scientific tundra in the late 1990s, human genetic diagnosis experienced a remarkable renaissance. To understand this
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, no. 6096 (2012): 816–21. this technique has exploded: Key contributors to the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in human cells include Feng Zhang (MIT) and George Church (Harvard). See, for instance, L. Cong et al., “Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems,” Science 339, no. 6121 (2013): 819–23; and F. A
WTF?: What's the Future and Why It's Up to Us
by Tim O'Reilly · 9 Oct 2017 · 561pp · 157,589 words
’s art but through the next steps in the path trod by Luther Burbank? Amazing work is happening today in synthetic biology and gene engineering. George Church and his colleagues at Harvard are beginning a controversial ten-year project to create from scratch a complete human genome. Ryan Phelan and Stewart Brand
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.com/news/2015_05_may/11_may_3d_makeover_for_hyper-effi cient_metalwork. 328 create from scratch a complete human genome: Jef D. Boeke, George Church, Andrew Hessel, Nancy J. Kelley, et al., “The Genome Project-Write,” Science, July 8, 2016, 126–27, doi:10.1126/science.aaf6850. For a popular
She Has Her Mother's Laugh
by Carl Zimmer · 29 May 2018
works.” Most of the scientists at the meeting shied away from even mentioning enhancement. One exception was a towering, long-bearded geneticist from Harvard named George Church. Enhancement was coming, Church said, and it would begin not with embryos but with old people. Here’s one way that might happen. Nine percent
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cure diseases with gene drive came as a bigger surprise. Even most scientists who worked on CRISPR hadn’t seen it coming. There were exceptions: George Church and one of his colleagues at Harvard, Kevin Esvelt, had been musing about the idea. In 2014, they and some of their colleagues published a
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/news/2014/07/smoking-mothers-may-alter-dna-their-children (accessed August 4, 2017). Baltimore, David, Paul Berg, Michael Botchan, Dana Carroll, R. Alta Charo, George Church, Jacob E. Corn, and others. 2015. “Biotechnology: A Prudent Path Forward for Genomic Engineering and Germline Gene Modification.” Science 348:36–38. Barkan, Elazar. 1992
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time and knowledge: Erol Akcay, Joshua Akey, Tracy Bale, Tracey Beck, Ethan Bier, Catherine Bliss, Russell Bonduriansky, Christine Brown, Tony Capra, Francisco Ceballos, Christopher Chabris, George Church, Declan Clarke, Nathaniel Comfort, Graham Coop, Ian Deary, Jack Dekkers, Brian Dias, Jill Doerfler, Joseph Ecker, Erle Ellis, Yaniv Erlich, Kevin Esvelt, William Foulkes, Keolo
The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future
by Orly Lobel · 17 Oct 2022 · 370pp · 112,809 words
Institute, National Institutes of Health, last updated September 25, 2020, https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics. 11. Catherine Mohr, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Regina Barzilay, George Church, and Jennifer Egan, “From Gene Editing to A.I., How Will Technology Transform Humanity?,” New York Times, November 16, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/inter
Innovation and Its Enemies
by Calestous Juma · 20 Mar 2017
Food: Activists versus Agribusiness in the Struggle over Biotechnology (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010). 56. Kenneth A. Oye, Kevin Esvelt, Evan Appleton, Flaminia Catteruccia, George Church, Todd Kuiken, Shlomiya Bar-Yam Lightfoot, Julie McNamara, Andrea Smidler, and James P. Collins, “Regulating Gene Drives,” Science 345, no. 6197 (2014): 626–628. 57
Woolly: The True Story of the Quest to Revive History's Most Iconic Extinct Creature
by Ben Mezrich · 3 Jul 2017
freezers, and masked and youthful faces hovered over test tubes, twirling like small tornadoes within chrome-plated centrifuges. In the middle of it all, Dr. George Church strolled through the beautiful chaos, a grin painted above his billowing white beard. Science was supposed to be staid, boring, a slow drip of sap
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cellular level. Biology and genetics had gone from passive observation to active creation. Whether the young woman realized it or not, it was a shift George Church had been working toward his entire life. CHAPTER FOUR Early summer 1959 DAVIS ISLAND, TAMPA, FLORIDA. A few minutes past noon, the mercury was well
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looked as if she, too, was coming home. CHAPTER SIX Early Spring 1964 CLEARWATER BAY, FLORIDA. It was one of those rare Saturday afternoons when George Church somehow found himself alone in the house. Finished with his chores, well ahead of his schoolwork—although at ten years old in the swampy suburbs
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right. December 14, 1990 CAMBRIDGE CITY HALL, 795 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. Eleven years to the day from that first date, Ting was still holding George Church’s hand. They had traded the view from Weeks Bridge for a court-appointed justice of the peace, who had stepped out from behind his
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a serpent’s curve of the Petaluma River, a secluded, fifty-acre sanctuary embraced on all sides by a living carpet of knee-high pickleweed. George Church strolled along a dirt path that led up from where the car had first deposited his family after the short trip from the runways of
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going to give them an answer. That’s just how he was wired. The episode reminded Bobby of the first interview he’d had with George Church, which had eventually led to him and Gurjeet packing up their lives to resettle in Boston, God and U.S. Customs willing. Bobby’s road
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. We don’t know why. That’s what we are trying to figure out.” It was the naked mole rat that had led Bobby to George Church. Nearing the end of his Ph.D. work in Canada, Bobby had begun looking for postdoc jobs that had something to do with research into
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deeper into the physiology of underground rodents, Bobby could feel the sweat running down his back, just as it had when he’d first met George Church in his office on the second floor of the New Research Building. To Bobby, Church had been intimidating—tall, brilliant, not wasting any time on
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he’d found near Fenway Park might have reminded his parents of where they had grown up in India. But he’d be working with George Church, as well as some of the most brilliant young scientists in the world. Already, he’d made an effort to meet all the postdocs he
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genetics, his mother had gotten sick—cancer—leaving him devastated and broke. He was probably at the lowest point in his life when he met George Church, mostly by accident. Needing money, and wanting to do something in genetics and biology, he’d found a job at a start-up in Cambridge
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cell,” Quinn said, typing the fourth and final stage of their work into the laptop. That was the magic act, the transformation in genetics that George Church was leading—no longer reading, but writing DNA. Quinn could feel Luhan looking him over, and he knew what she was thinking. This fourth stage
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, it had jumped onto the scene just six months earlier, through a pair of papers published in Science magazine, one of which had come from George Church and the Church Lab itself (including Luhan), plus three other papers in the same month. Multiple labs claimed credit for having invented CRISPR. Luhan, Bobby
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just that he had sneaked into his company’s headquarters after hours to work on the Revival project without authorization from his superiors (or from George Church). No matter how practiced he was, this was painstaking, difficult, anxiety-inducing work. After he inserted the CRISPR enzymes, it would be two days before
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virus, then we’ll reconstruct its genome. Write it in the lab, then grow ourselves a vaccine.” The researcher stared at him. It was classic George Church. “If we’re going to ask an Asian elephant to help us bring back the Woolly Mammoth,” Church said with a shrug, “it would be
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, and the audience started to laugh. “We begin to let the cat out of the bag,” Roth said. The cat morphed into a picture of George Church. The letters below the cat—the title of the symposium, GCAT60, began to move, until Church suddenly realized what they really stood for. GC-AT
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-60. George Church At 60. He’d been so caught up in his work, in elephants and futuristic ideas, he had forgotten that it was only a short
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Personal Genome Project, except this time, rather than read the DNA code that was the basis for human life, or publicize individual genomes beginning with George Church’s, now the goal was to write that sequence, to create it, in a lab, using chemicals. Essentially, HGP2 could, according to some of the
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rush. Exploiting the Mammoths coming up from the ice, trying to find some way to turn that ancient, dead tissue into gold. The science that George Church and his lab were conducting was different—genetic engineering, not alchemy. Nikita supported their efforts, hoping for the best. But the Zimovs weren’t in
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. He held his breath, as the boat moved closer, as the fog began to clear, as the shape grew solid and real . . . EPILOGUE BY DR. GEORGE CHURCH January 24, 2017 ELEVEN KILOMETERS ABOVE EARTH AT –56 DEGREES CELSIUS AND 830 KM/HR. Head in the clouds, a bit higher than the 8
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steppe—is the most spectacular wildlife project that Ryan Phelan and I have taken on for our California nonprofit called Revive & Restore, and thanks to George Church’s marvelous team, it is the furthest along in terms of actually editing genes from an extinct species into the genome of a living relative
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.org. You are welcome to bring your skills or your resources to the projects you find there. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I am indebted to George Church, Chao-Ting Wu, and their daughter, Marie, for generously lending me their time and stories; Woolly, for me, was a true labor of love, the
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, Stephanie. “No Escape.” January 21, 2015. HMS (Harvard Medical School) News. “Elephants Learn from Others.” Elephantvoices.org. Grant, Bob. “Credit for CRISPR: A Conversation with George Church.” December 29, 2015. The Scientist. Hall, Yancey. “Coming Soon: Your personal DNA map.” March 7, 2006. National Geographic. Harmon, Amy. “Fighting Lyme Disease in the
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-cdn.com/S0092867407014717/1-s2.0-S0092867407014717-main.pdf?_tid=492ac6ac-2e8e-11e7-adc3-00000aacb360&acdnat=1493657610_316226a04082e8a7db2290a1252e6bf4. Klinghoffer, David. “An Apology for Harvard’s George Church (of Neanderthal baby fame?).” January 23, 2013. EvolutionNews.org. Larmer, Brook. “Of Mammoths and Men.” April 2013. NationalGeographic.com. Lewis, Danny. “Last Woolly Mammoths Died
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Isolated and Alone.” May 8, 2015. Smithsonian Magazine. Lewis, Tanya. “Woolly Mammoth DNA Inserted into Elephant Cells.” March 26, 2015. Livescience.com. Miller, Peter. “George Church, the Future Without Limit.” June 2014. National Geographic. Mullin, Emily. “Obama advisors urge action against Crispr Bioterror threat.” November 17, 2016. MIT Technology Review. Nickerson
Germany Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet
Thirty Years’ War and a gallery with paintings depicting Dinkelsbühl at the turn of the century. Audioguides are included in the ticket price. Münster St Georg CHURCH (Marktplatz 1) Standing sentry over the heart of Dinkelsbühl is one of southern Germany’s purest late-Gothic hall churches. Rather austere from the outside
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bigger and stronger than us, our own ancestors vanquished them: the last Neanderthals were wiped out about 35,000–50,000 years ago. Harvard biologist George Church has proposed reverse engineering a Neanderthal by beginning with a modern human genome and working backwards. Just as Pinter reversed chronology on the stage, biologists
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