Google Chrome

HTML5 Canvas
by Steve Fulton and Jeff Fulton
Published 2 May 2013

Testing the Application in Google Chrome To test the current ElectroServer JavaScript API, you need to start Google Chrome with web security disabled. The method of doing this varies by operating system, but on Mac OS X, you can open a Terminal session and execute the following command (which will open Chrome if you have it in your Applications folder): /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google\ Chrome --disable-web-security On a Windows-based PC, input a command similar to this from a command prompt or from a .bat file: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --disable-web-security Note Obviously this is not a workable solution for a production application.

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As far as compatible browsers go, we suggest that you download and use the latest version of the following web browsers. The browsers are listed in the order that we suggest you test them: Chrome Safari Firefox Internet Explorer (version 10) Opera Every example in this book was tested with Google Chrome, Safari, and Firefox. While we made every attempt to ensure that these examples worked across as many browsers as possible, we suggest that you use Google Chrome or Safari for the best results. What You Need to Know It would be good if you knew your way around programming in some kind of modern language like C, C++, C#, ActionScript 2, ActionScript 3, Java, or JavaScript.

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For the Canvas page we just created, Fangs tells us that the page would read as follows: “Chapter one Example six Canvas Sub Dom Example dash Internet Explorer A yellow background with an image and text on top List of two items one The text says quote Hello World quote two The image is of the planet earth.List end” For Google Chrome, you can get the Google Chrome extension Chrome Vox, which will attempt to verbally read all the content on your pages. (For the full example, see CH1EX6.html in the code distribution.) Hit Testing Proposal The “sub dom” concept can quickly become unwieldy for anyone who has tried to do anything more intricate than a simple Canvas animation.

Programming HTML5 Applications
by Zachary Kessin
Published 9 May 2011

Although Venkman, an early debugger, had appeared in 1998, the 2006 release of Firebug became the gold standard of JavaScript debuggers. It allows the developer to track Ajax calls, view the state of the DOM and CSS, single-step through code, and much more. Browsers built on WebKit, notably Apple’s Safari and Google Chrome, offer similar functionality built in, and Opera Dragonfly provides support for Opera. Even developers working in the confined spaces of mobile devices can now get Firebug-like debugging with weinre (WEb INspector REmote). The final key component in this massive recent investment in JavaScript was libraries.

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Closure in a button $('document').ready(function Ready() { var button, tools; tools = ['save', 'add', 'delete']; console.info($('div#toolbar')); tools.forEach(function (tool) { console.info(tool); var button = $('<button>').text(tool).attr({ css: 'tool' }).appendTo('div#toolbar'); button.click(function clickHandler() { console.info(tool, button); alert("User clicked " + tool); }); }); }); When using closures, it can be hard to know which variables are or are not in the scope of a function. However, both Google Chrome’s DevTools and Firebug will show the list of closed variables. In Firebug, the scope chain can be seen in the Script tab by looking under “Watch.” Under all the variables of the current scope will be a ladder of the scopes going up to the main “window” object. In DevTools, for example, when the code is halted in the debugger, a subsection called “closure” in the right-hand column under Scope Variables will show the closed variables for the current function (see Figure 2-1).

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In DevTools, for example, when the code is halted in the debugger, a subsection called “closure” in the right-hand column under Scope Variables will show the closed variables for the current function (see Figure 2-1). In this case, it shows that we have clicked on the “delete” button and lists the reference to the jQuery object for the button itself. Figure 2-1. Closures in Google Chrome’s DevTools Functional Programming Functional programming is a methodology that is more commonly associated with languages like Lisp, Scala, Erlang, F#, or Haskell, but works quite well in JavaScript also. Functional programming rests on a couple basic assumptions: Functions are first-class citizens of the language and can be used where any other value can be used.

Learning Vue.js 2: Learn How to Build Amazing and Complex Reactive Web Applications Easily With Vue.js
by Olga Filipova
Published 13 Dec 2016

It should be done in the before_script section of the YML file. Let's invoke the necessary commands to install Chrome and export the CHROME_BIN variable. Add the following to your .travis.yml files: before_script: - export CHROME_BIN=/usr/bin/google-chrome - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install -y libappindicator1 fonts-liberation - wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome- stable_current_amd64.deb - sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb As you can see, in order to perform the installation and system update, we must invoke commands with sudo. By default, Travis does not let you execute sudo commands in order to prevent accidental damage by non-trustworthy scripts.

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Just add the following lines to your .travis.yml files: sudo: required dist: trusty Now your whole .travis.yml file should look like the following: //.travis.yml language: node_js sudo: required dist: trusty node_js: - "5.11.0" before_script: - export CHROME_BIN=/usr/bin/google-chrome - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install -y libappindicator1 fonts-liberation - wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome- stable_current_amd64.deb - sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb Try to commit it and check your Travis dashboard. Oh no! It fails again. This time, it seems to be timeout issue: Even after installing Chrome, tests silently fail due to the timeout Why did it happen?

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So open the .travis.yml files and add the following to the before_script section: - export DISPLAY=:99.0 - sh -e /etc/init.d/xvfb start The whole YML file now looks like the following: //.travis.yml language: node_js sudo: required dist: trusty node_js: - "5.11.0" before_script: - export CHROME_BIN=/usr/bin/google-chrome - sudo apt-get update - sudo apt-get install -y libappindicator1 fonts-liberation - wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome- stable_current_amd64.deb - sudo dpkg -i google-chrome*.deb - export DISPLAY=:99.0 - sh -e /etc/init.d/xvfb start Commit it and check your Travis dashboard. The Pomodoro application was built successfully! The Pomodoro application built with success!

Backbone.js Cookbook
by Vadim Mirgorod
Published 25 Aug 2013

In this recipe, we will learn how to detect memory leaks in a Backbone application and how to fix them. We will use Google Chrome Heap Profiler, which is a part of the Google Chrome browser. Getting ready... In this recipe, we are going to take an example application from the recipe binding a collection to a view of Chapter 5, Events and Binding and modify it. Such modifications are not required in the production application but will help us to detect memory leaks using Google Chrome Heap Profiler. 250 Chapter 8 1. Add a named constructor to the each object in your program, which is extended from a standard Backbone object, such as Model or View.

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Add a named constructor to the each object in your program, which is extended from a standard Backbone object, such as Model or View. Inside this constructor, call a parent constructor. 1. It could be much easier to detect memory leaks in Google Chrome Heap Profiler by finding object instances using their class names, which would only be possible if we defined such classes using named constructors. 2. Following code shows the InvoiceItemModel object with the named constructor defined. var InvoiceItemModel = Backbone.Model.extend({ calculateAmount: function() { return this.get('price') * this.get('quantity'); }, constructor: function InvoiceItemModel() { InvoiceItemModel.

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Following code shows the InvoiceItemModel object with the named constructor defined. var InvoiceItemModel = Backbone.Model.extend({ calculateAmount: function() { return this.get('price') * this.get('quantity'); }, constructor: function InvoiceItemModel() { InvoiceItemModel.__super__.constructor.apply( this, arguments ); } }); 2. Make sure your application code is performed in a global scope. This will make it easier to find Backbone objects in Google Chrome Heap Profiler. Contents of your main.js file shouldn't be enclosed by any function. The next few lines of code should be removed from your main.js file. (function($){ $(document).ready(function () { }); })(jQuery); Inclusion of main.js into index.html should be performed in the body section as follows: <body><script src="js/main.js"></script></body> 3. Modify ControlsView by adding a button which deletes InvoiceItemsTableView to demonstrate a memory leak.

Pro AngularJS
by Adam Freeman
Published 25 Mar 2014

The inline script in this example contains a statement that calls the console.log method, which writes a message to the JavaScript console. The console is a basic (but useful) tool that the browser provides that lets you display debugging information as your script is executed. Each browser has a different way of showing the console. For Google Chrome, you select JavaScript console from the Tools menu. You can see how the console is displayed in Chrome in Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2. The Google Chrome JavaScript console ■■Tip Notice that the Chrome window shown in the figure has an AngularJS tab. This is added by the Batarang extension that I described in Chapter 1 and is useful for debugging AngularJS apps. You can see that the output from calling the console.log method is displayed in the console window, along with the details of where the message originated (in this case on line 7 of the jsdemo.html file).

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Choosing a Web Browser AngularJS works in any modern web browser, and you should test your app in all of the browsers that your users are likely to use. You will need a go-to browser for development purposes, however, so that you can set up your development environment to show the current state of the application and perform basic testing. I’ll be using Google Chrome in this book, and I suggest you do the same. Not only is Chrome a solid browser, but it complies well with the latest W3C standards and has excellent F12 developer tools (so-called because you access them by pressing the F12 key). The most compelling reason to use Chrome for development is that Google has created a Chrome extension that adds support for AngularJS to the F12 tools.

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As long as your preferred editor can write HTML and JavaScript files (both of which are plain text), then you will be able to follow along without any problems. 8 Chapter 1 ■ Getting Ready Installing Node.js Many development tools that are commonly used for client-side web app development are written in JavaScript and rely on Node.js to run. Node.js is built from the same JavaScript engine that is used in the Google Chrome browser but has been adapted to work outside the browser, providing a general-purpose framework for writing JavaScript applications. Go to http://nodejs.org and download and install the Node.js package for your platform (there are versions available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS). Make sure you install the package manager and that the installation directory is added to your path.

Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and the Gates Foundation Rock the World With OKRs
by John Doerr
Published 23 Apr 2018

Version_2 For Ann, Mary, and Esther and the wonder of their unconditional love CONTENTS PRAISE FOR MEASURE WHAT MATTERS TITLE PAGE COPYRIGHT DEDICATION FOREWORD Larry Page, Alphabet CEO and Google Cofounder PART ONE: OKRs in Action 1 Google, Meet OKRs How OKRs came to Google, and the superpowers they convey. 2 The Father of OKRs Andy Grove creates and inculcates a new way of structured goal setting. 3 Operation Crush: An Intel Story How OKRs won the microprocessor wars. 4 Superpower #1: Focus and Commit to Priorities OKRs help us choose what matters most. 5 Focus: The Remind Story Brett Kopf used OKRs to overcome attention deficit disorder. 6 Commit: The Nuna Story Jini Kim’s personal commitment to transform health care. 7 Superpower #2: Align and Connect for Teamwork Public, transparent OKRs spark and strengthen collaboration. 8 Align: The MyFitnessPal Story Alignment via OKRs is more challenging—and rewarding—than Mike Lee anticipated. 9 Connect: The Intuit Story Atticus Tysen uses OKR transparency to fortify a software pioneer’s open culture. 10 Superpower #3: Track for Accountability OKRs help us monitor progress and course-correct. 11 Track: The Gates Foundation Story A $20 billion start-up wields OKRs to fight devastating diseases. 12 Superpower #4: Stretch for Amazing OKRs empower us to achieve the seemingly impossible. 13 Stretch: The Google Chrome Story CEO Sundar Pichai uses OKRs to build the world’s leading web browser. 14 Stretch: The YouTube Story CEO Susan Wojcicki and an audacious billion-hour goal. PART TWO: The New World of Work 15 Continuous Performance Management: OKRs and CFRs How conversations, feedback, and recognition help to achieve excellence. 16 Ditching Annual Performance Reviews: The Adobe Story Adobe affirms core values with conversations and feedback. 17 Baking Better Every Day: The Zume Pizza Story A robotics pioneer leverages OKRs for teamwork and leadership—and to create the perfect pizza. 18 Culture OKRs catalyze culture; CFRs nourish it. 19 Culture Change: The Lumeris Story Overcoming OKR resistance with a culture makeover. 20 Culture Change: Bono’s ONE Campaign Story The world’s greatest rock star deploys OKRs to save lives in Africa. 21 The Goals to Come DEDICATION RESOURCE 1: Google’s OKR Playbook RESOURCE 2: A Typical OKR Cycle RESOURCE 3: All Talk: Performance Conversations RESOURCE 4: In Sum RESOURCE 5: For Further Reading ACKNOWLEDGMENTS NOTES INDEX FOREWORD Larry Page Alphabet CEO and Google Cofounder I wish I had had this book nineteen years ago, when we founded Google.

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But by no means, as Andy Grove made clear, is it the place to stop: You know, in our business we have to set ourselves uncomfortably tough objectives, and then we have to meet them. And then after ten milliseconds of celebration we have to set ourselves another [set of] highly difficult-to-reach objectives and we have to meet them. And the reward of having met one of these challenging goals is that you get to play again. 13 Stretch: The Google Chrome Story Sundar Pichai CEO Stretch goals were beautifully defined by the leader of the Google X team that developed Project Loon and self-driving cars. Says Astro Teller: “ If you want your car to get fifty miles per gallon, fine. You can retool your car a little bit. But if I tell you it has to run on a gallon of gas for five hundred miles, you have to start over.”

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“tend to assume that” : Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg, How Google Works (New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2014). “The way Page sees it” : Levy, “Big Ideas.” start of the period : Interview with Bock. In pursuing high-effort : Locke and Latham, “Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation.” “You know, in our business” : iOPEC seminar, 1992. CHAPTER 13: Stretch: The Google Chrome Story “If you want your car” : Laszlo Bock, Work Rules!: Insights from Inside Google That Will Transform How You Live and Lead (New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2015). “If you set a crazy” : Ibid. “Dear Sophie,” a spot : https://whatmatters.com/sophie. CHAPTER 14: Stretch: The YouTube Story “the most powerful woman” : Belinda Luscombe, “Meet YouTube’s Viewmaster,” Time , August 27, 2015.

Instant Ember.JS Application Development: How-To
by Marc Bodmer
Published 11 Feb 2013

It will also touch upon Ember Data, which is a library the Ember.js is working on to simplify data in more complex applications. What you need for this book The programming language used in this book will be JavaScript. The browser that will be used to run the JavaScript, HTML, and so on will be Google Chrome. Other browsers such as Firefox and Safari should work just as well. The operating system that can be used is Windows, Mac OS X, or Linux. A text editor other than Notepad, such as Notepad++, VIM, or Sublime Text should be used for proper formatting of the code. Who this book is for The target audience for this book is frontend developers who realize that their frontend code base has gotten too large to maintain effectively and properly, and are looking for a complete framework solution.

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The most commonly used backend for Ember, Rails, has gems to add Ember.js support. Node.js and Django have adapters to incorporate Ember.js as well. For the purposes of this book, we will sacrifice proper application architecture in the interest of time. Getting ready The browser used for the purposes of this book will be Google Chrome. Any text editor for editing our JavaScript and HTML files will work in this case. Ember provides a starter kit that will help us create our sample application. www.it-ebooks.info Instant Ember.js Application Development How-to Download the latest starter kit from https://github.com/emberjs/starter-kit/ downloads or use the starter-kit.zip file provided.

The Art of Invisibility: The World's Most Famous Hacker Teaches You How to Be Safe in the Age of Big Brother and Big Data
by Kevin Mitnick , Mikko Hypponen and Robert Vamosi
Published 14 Feb 2017

Investigators in the Enron case discovered that a lot of data had been deleted at the outset of the investigation, preventing prosecutors from seeing exactly what had gone on within the company. As a result, Senator Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH) sponsored legislation that imposed a series of requirements aimed at preserving data. One was that browser histories must be retained. According to a grand jury indictment, Matanov deleted his Google Chrome browser history selectively, leaving behind activity from certain days during the week of April 15, 2013.2 Officially he was indicted on two counts: “(1) destroying, altering, and falsifying records, documents, and tangible objects in a federal investigation, and (2) making a materially false, fictitious, and fraudulent statement in a federal investigation involving international and domestic terrorism.”3 He was sentenced to thirty months in prison.

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There’s a “Do not allow any site to track my physical location” option that will disable geolocation in Chrome. Other browsers have similar configuration options. You might also want to fake your location—if only just for fun. If you want to send out false coordinates—say, the White House—in Firefox, you can install a browser plug-in called Geolocator. In Google Chrome, check the plug-in’s built-in setting called “emulate geolocation coordinates.” While in Chrome, press Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows or Cmd+Option+I on Mac to open the Chrome Developer Tools. The Console window will open, and you can click the three vertical dots at the top right of the Console, then select more tools>sensors.

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That means that your friend’s surfing history, among other information, is now viewable on your computer. Plus, if you sign in to a synchronized browser account using a public terminal and forget to sign out, all your browser’s bookmarks and history will be available to the next user. If you’re signed in to Google Chrome, then even your Google calendar, YouTube, and other aspects of your Google account become exposed. If you must use a public terminal, be vigilant about signing out before you leave. Another downside of syncing is that all interconnected devices will show the same content. If you live alone, that may be fine.

The Icon Handbook
by Jon Hicks
Published 23 Jun 2011

Traditionally a format thought of as just a means of sending text documents around, PDF actually retains vector information and can be used interchangeably in Adobe Illustrator with its own native format (.ai). Apps like Coda (below) and Google Chrome have already shown that for simple, scalable icons, it can be a handy format. While complex application icons served as PDF would result in too large a file, for icons like this it’s ideal. File sizes vary: the Coda icon weighs in at 22Kb, whereas the Google Chrome icon is down to the low of 6Kb. So while it is a bit heavier than the bitmap version, it’s infinitely scalable. How it affects our artwork The requirement to export as PDF, retaining vector information, will restrict our tool choices to Illustrator, Opacity or OmniGraffle.

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They use a light gradient and inner shadow in order to stand out against a dark background. Unlike status bar icons, these use a specific gradient and inner shadow (see link above). List view icons are very similar, but they use an inner shadow effect showing the light source from above. Google Chrome Sizes (px) Format and naming Notes Chrome Extension Icon Guidelines: http://code.google.com/chrome/extensions/manifest.html 16px Sizes (px) 48px 128px icon16.png icon48.png icon128.png The 128px icon is the most important as this is used in the Chrome Web Store.

JavaScript Cookbook
by Shelley Powers
Published 23 Jul 2010

Discussion Not all browsers provide a relatively simple way to create browser add-ons, plug-ins, or extensions. Opera doesn’t provide this functionality at all, and WebKit’s plug-in architecture isn’t trivial. However, if you’re motivated, you should be able to use your JavaScript skills to create any number of useful browser tools. Creating Google Chrome extensions A Google Chrome extension is the simplest development environment of all the brows- ers. Your extension can consist of a manifest file, created in JSON, a download icon, and then the extension web page and JavaScript. It’s uncomplicated, and it’s the envi- ronment I recommend you try first, before developing an extension for other browsers.

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It’s uncomplicated, and it’s the envi- ronment I recommend you try first, before developing an extension for other browsers. You can run through the beginning tutorial and have your first Chrome extension finished in an hour. If, I should add, you can run Chrome in your environment at all, as Google also provides limited platform support for its browser. Currently, the Google Chrome extension environment only seems to work in Windows, though you can see about getting into an early release program for Mac and Linux. Note that Chrome’s Mac support is for Intel-based machines only. 484 | Chapter 21: JavaScript Outside the Box If you can work with Chrome, your extension begins with a manifest file that uses JSON and looks like: { "name": "Hello World", "version": "1.0", "description": "Giving this a try", "browser_action": { "default_icon": "icon.png", "popup" : "popup.html" } } You’ll provide an extension name and description, provide the environments in which you’ll work (“permissions”), such as Google or Flickr, and provide browser actions to load pages or add icons.

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; var div = document.createElement("div"); div.appendChild(txt); document.body.appendChild(div); }</script> After you create the manifest and application page, you’ll load the extension in Chrome via the Tools menu, choosing Extensions. Make sure the Developer Tools are exposed, and click the “Load unpacked extension…” button for the extension folder, as shown in Figure 21-1. If all goes well, the icon shows in the toolbar. If you click the icon, the extension pop-up should open, as shown in Figure 21-2. Access the Google Chrome Extension Lab at http://code.google.com/ chrome/extensions/overview.html. 21.1 Creating a Browser Add-0n, Plug-in, or Extension | 485 Figure 21-1. Loading a Chrome extension Mozilla extensions The Mozilla extensions for the organization’s applications, including Firefox and Thunderbird, are reasonably uncomplicated to create, but even then, the number of files you need in order to implement an add-on is a little awe-inspiring.

Beginning Backbone.js
by James Sugrue
Published 15 Dec 2013

Apache You’re definitely going to need some version of Apache to host your web app locally. Although for the type of apps we’ll create in this book, PHP and MySQL aren’t going to be required, so it’s hard to beat XAMPP (www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html) for ease of installation across Mac or Windows platforms. 19 Chapter 1 ■ An Introduction to Backbone.js Google Chrome When developing JavaScript, Chrome is my browser of choice, purely because of the strength of the developer tools included. The Chrome Developer Tools (Figure 1-15) are among the best web debugging tools available. From the Sources tab you can open any JavaScript and add breakpoints, allowing you to inspect the values of variables and go step by step through the execution of your program.

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Once all of the code has been successfully migrated, the following code should execute the app in the same condition as it was in Chapter 6: require([ 'backbone', 'app/view/TimelineView', 'app/view/ProfileView', 'app/model/Search', 'app/view/SearchView', 'app/router/AppRouter', 'app/util/Helpers' ], function (Backbone, TimelineView, ProfileView, Search, SearchView, AppRouter) {    var timelineView = new TimelineView(), profileView = new ProfileView({user: 'sugrue'}), searchModel = new Search(), searchView = new SearchView({model: searchModel}), appRouter = new AppRouter({searchModel: searchModel}); Backbone.history.start(); });   Using Yeoman to Get Started Quickly In Chapter 10 we discussed how Grunt provides generators to help you get started with a complete application structure quickly. Yeoman (http://yeoman.io, Figure 12-3) makes this process even easier, with generators available for Backbone applications that utilize RequireJS. 261 Chapter 12 ■ Creating a Manageable JavaScript Code Base Figure 12-3. Yeoman web site at http://yeoman.io Yeoman, created by the Google Chrome Developer Relations team, is a tool stack that brings together three tools to improve your productivity when creating web applications. It includes Grunt, which we discussed in depth in Chapter 9, as well as two other tools: Bower and Yo. Bower is a package manager for libraries and frameworks that are used within web applications.

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The key thing to remember is that even though JavaScript is a dynamic language and allows you to do almost anything you want, there is always the opportunity to apply real structure to your code to make it future-proof and ready for any application requirements that get added late in the project life cycle. 269 Index „„         A AngularJS, 8 Apache, 19 Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax), 2 Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD), 249 „„         B Backbone applications error alert, 233 error validation, 232 error events, 233 invalid event, 232 validate function, 232 validate method, 232 memory leaks listenTo function, 234 patterns, 234–236 unbind events, 233–234 network performance, 244 perceived performance Cache objects, 247 document fragment, 245–246 extra data storage, 246–247 optimistic network calls, 244 rendering views registerPartial function, 238–239 render function, 236, 238 template precompilation, 240–241 underscore templates, 239–240 separation of concerns, 231 view management common code sharing, 242 parent view updation, 242–243 Backbone collections adding models, 54 constructors, 54 definition, 53 events, functions and property, 62 exchanging data deleting data, 60 retrieving data, 59 saving data, 60 setup, 59 functions and property, 61 getting list of attributes, 58 iterating function, 57 removing models, 55 reset function, 55 retrieving models, 56 search mechanisms, 58 set function, 56 shuffle function, 58 sorting function, 57 Backbone community code samples, 127 developer tools and utilities, 148 models and collection extensions (see Models and collection extensions) quick reference, 149 user interface components (see User interface components) Backbone.history.start() function, 86 Backbone.js advantages, 14 Ajax, 2 Ashkenas, Jeremy, 1 companies Airbnb, 12 Foursquare, 13 SoundCloud, 12 design patterns (see Design patterns, web applications) development tools Apache, 19 Google Chrome, 20 Sublime Text 2, 20 271 ■ index Backbone.js (cont.) disadvantages, 15 DocumentCloud application, 1 downloading CDNs, 18 development versions, 16 edge version, 17 jQuery.com, 17–18 production version, 17 underscorejs.org, 17 Underscorejs.org, 17 Gmail web application, 3 jQuery, 2 library, 1 Model View Controller pattern, 1 server-side logic, 1 single-page web applications, 2 testing, 18 Backbone models adding functions, 43 attributes changing attribute values, 41 cloning models, 42 deleting attributes, 41 operations, 42 retrieving attribute values, 41 constructors, 40 creation, 40 deleting models, 52 events listening for changes, 43–44 operations relatedto attributes changes, 45 tracking changes, 44 exchanging data, 47 extend mechanism, 52 identifiers, 50 model validation, 45 Node.js server back end, 47 parsing server responses, 52 retrieving models, 51 save function, 50 Backbone view binding View class, 65 changing DOM element, 68 creation, 64 extend() function, 64 finding nested elements, 67 properties and functions, 69 rendering content, 66 self and this objects, 69 viewing events, 68 Behavior-Driven Development (BDD), 170 Booleans, 24 272 „„         C .clone() method, 42 CoffeeScript, 1 CollectionView, Marionette Backbone.View class, 209 callbacks, 215 child views, 216 collection attribute, 210 for empty datasets, 216 ItemView, 216 root element updation, 209 showProfile event, 208 template parameter, 209 TimelineItemView, 208, 210–211 Twitter timeline, 211 CompositeView, Marionette appendHtml function, 212 complete code, 213 HTML page, 212 TimelineItemView declaration, 214 tagName attribute, 213 timeline div, 212 timeline-item-template, 213–214 timeline-template creation, 212 ul declaration, 212 Content delivery network (CDN), 18 „„         D Date objects, 25 Design patterns Facade pattern convert function, 266–267 definition, 265 model objects, 265 twitter, 266 Mediator pattern airport control tower, 267 definition, 267 handling, 268 implementation, 267–268 name.change notification, 268 Model View * AngularJS, 8 Backbone.Collection, 6 Backbone.Model, 6 Backbone.Router, 6 Backbone.View, 6 Ember.js, 9 implementation, 6 Knockout.js, 7 ■ Index Model View Presenter, 5 MVVM, 6 Model View Controller (MVC) code reuse, 5 data representation, 5 key terms, 4 separation of concerns, 5 sequence diagram, 5 structure benefits, 4 DocumentCloud application, 1 Document Object Model (DOM), 2 „„         E ECMAScript, 21 el attribute, 65 Ember.js, 9 Events, backbone application binding, 88–89 collection events, 91 custom event creation, 93 DOM, 94 global, 93 listenTo function, 90 model, 92 router class, 92 stopListening function, 90 triggering, 91 unbinding, 89–90 „„         F Facade pattern convert function, 266 definition, 265 model objects, 265 twitter, 266 fetch() function, 51 findWhere function, 59 forEach function, 57 „„         G Globbing, 187 Google Chrome, 20 Grunt CSSMin, 194 file system array format, 185 compact format, 185 globbing, 187 object format, 185 properties, 186 installation, 180 jasmine task, 197 JavaScript, 180 JavaScript source code compression, 190 externalLibraries, 191–192 installation, 190 minification task, 192 report property, 193 UglifyJS Task configuration, 191 uglify task, 193 plug-ins, 201 projects configuration, 182 dependency, 181 grunt.loadNpmTasks function, 183 grunt.registerTask function, 183–184 index.html file, 181 scaffolding, 199 src and dest property, 183 uglify task, 182–183 QUnit task configuration, 195 installation, 195 output, 196 reporting task, 196 static analysis tools initConfig, 188–189 installation, 188 JSHint checks, 188 JSHint output, 189 lint tool, 188 registerTask function, 189 reporterOutput attribute, 189–190 task configuration, 184 task sets, 198 web site, 180 grunt.loadNpmTasks function, 183 grunt.registerTask function, 183–184 „„         H Handlebars function built-in helpers, 76 conditional statements, 75 creating helpers, 76 displaying variables, 74 each helper, 75 inserting comments, 74 precompiling templates, 77 usage with Backbone, 73 „„         I Inheritance prototype chain, 34 overriding methods, 34 parasitic combination, 34–35 talk method, 33 273 ■ index „„         J Jasmine, 170 BDD, 170 describe function, 172 directory structure, 171 expect function, 172 fake server, 177 it function, 172 jQuery matchers, 175 matchers, 174 output, 172 run tests, PhantomJS, 178 setup and teardown function, 174 view test, 175 website, 170 jQuery, 2 „„         K Knockout.js, 7 ko.observable() function, 7 „„         L log helper, 76 „„         M Marionette application creation, 203, 205 application infrastructure, 204 application structure, 204 developers, 203–204 download options and version, 204 messaging, 205 m.html page, 205 nested regions, 216 object layout, 217–218 region addition, 206 TemplateCache, 205 views, 204 attachView function, 207 callbacks, 214–215 collectionview (see CollectionView, Marionette) CompositeView (see CompositeView, Marionette) currentView attribute, 207 events, 214 ItemView, 206 Region objects manage views, 207 show() or close() functions, 207 TimelineView, 206 274 Math functions, 25 Mediator pattern airport control tower, 267 definition, 267 handling, 268 implementation, 267–268 name.change notification, 268 Models and collection extensions Backbone.dualStorage Chrome Developer Tools, 142 configuration, 141 uses, 141 Backbone.memento Chrome Developer Tools, 140 configuration, 138, 140 plug-in ignore changes, 139 uses, 138–139 Backbone.trackit configuration, 137 individual model objects, 137 uses, 137 Backbone-Validator configuration, 144 uses, 144 Backbone.ViewModel computed attributes, 143 configuration, 143 Handlebars helpers, 144 uses, 142 ModelAttrs configuration, 147 library, 147 uses, 147 Query Engine configuration, 146 standard and live collections, 146 uses, 146 Model View * AngularJS, 8 Backbone.Collection, 6 Backbone.Model, 6 Backbone.Router, 6 Backbone.View, 6 Ember.js, 9 implementation, 6 Knockout.js, 7 Model View Presenter, 5 MVVM, 6 Model View Controller (MVC) code reuse, 5 data representation, 5 key terms, 4 ■ Index separation of concerns, 5 sequence diagram, 5 structure benefits, 4 Model View Presenter (MVP), 5 Model View ViewModel (MVVM), 6 MooTools, 38 Mustache template comment sections, 79 displaying variables, 78 iterating through a list, 78 usage with Backbone, 77 „„         N, O Object oriented-JavaScript basic syntax arrays, 28–29 closures, 29 loops and conditionals, 27 variable declaration, 26 characteristics, 21 constructors, 30 controlling access, 36 core objects date, 24 math, 25 RegExp, 26 creating methods, 30–31 encapsulation, 32 frameworks Backbone.js, 38 MooTools, 38 Prototype.js, 37 namespace, 36 object creation, 30 objects, 22 primitive data types Boolean, 24 number, 24 String, 22, 24 undefined and null, 24 prototype inheritance (see Inheritance prototype) property, 31–32 snippets, 22 versions, 21 „„         P parse() function, 52 PhantomJS, 162 „„         Q QUnit, 154.

The Business of Platforms: Strategy in the Age of Digital Competition, Innovation, and Power
by Michael A. Cusumano , Annabelle Gawer and David B. Yoffie
Published 6 May 2019

Firefox’s share remained flat for the next year or so, and then began a slow decline that left it with only 5 percent of the market by early 2018. Its losses were not IE’s gain, however, as the browser wars entered a new phase with the emergence of a new competitor in late 2008, Google’s Chrome. Google Chrome, 2008–2016: Google launched Chrome in September 2008. It gradually gained traction in the market and soon began gaining ground on IE and Firefox, turning the browser contest into a three horse race. By one measure, total web traffic using Chrome passed Firefox at the end of 2011 and overtook IE in the middle of 2012.

…

Fragmentation, with multiple versions of Android, multiple browsers, and multiple app stores, unquestionably caused confusion among consumers and reduced incentives for application developers to absorb the expense of supporting incompatible Android versions. But, similar to the Microsoft case, once Android “won” the mobile OS wars, the vast majority of smartphone manufacturers were likely to bundle Google Chrome and Google Search anyway, regardless of the contract conditions. (Remember, Apple does not license its platform technology to anyone, for any price.) Google might have lost a few smartphone models to another app store or browser, but they would have been unlikely to stem the tide behind Android.

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See also network effects barriers to entry overview, 41–42, 47–48 digital technology impact, 56–58 from hybrid platform strategies, 98–99 telephone industry, 36–37 Bayer, 232 Beam Therapeutics, 232 Bell, Alexander Graham, 34 Bell Telephone Company, 36 Bezos, Jeff, 57. See also Amazon Bishop-Henchman, Joseph, 202 Bitcoin, 111 Blackberry, 130 black cabs of London, 148–51 blockchain software, 9, 103, 214 Boston, Massachusetts, and Uber, 148 Brightcove, 67–68 browser market overview, 108 Google Chrome takes over, 127–29, 128f measuring market share, 263n51 Microsoft losing to Firefox, 125–27 Netscape losing to Microsoft, 125 building platforms. See platforms, four steps to building bullying computer makers, Microsoft seen to be, 182 business models overview, 25–26, 214–17, 215t, 240t, 241t “asset-light” business models, 60, 192 designing your business model, 77–85 innovation vs. transaction, 18–21, 19f platform potential and future scenarios, 213–14, 234–37 power and platforms, 175–76, 206–9 strategies and, 65–66, 94–95, 101–4 See also hybrid platforms; innovation platforms; platforms; traditional businesses; transaction platforms California laws on classifying workers, 196–99 Cambridge Analytica, 7–8, 15–16, 97, 178, 190–91 Canada, 227 Central Arbitration Committee (CAC), London, 196–97 centralization of power, 235 Chesky, Brian, 74–75 chicken-or-egg problem overview, 71–72 for innovation platforms, 72–74 solutions to, 17–18, 35–36, 164 for transaction platforms, 74–77 children exposed to violence and lewdness on YouTube, 203 China Alibaba, 58, 121 Alibaba’s Taobao, 65, 76, 83, 120–23, 120f eBay in, 119–23, 120f, 137, 186 Ezubao, 179 lending platforms fraud in, 179 Tencent, 58, 100–101 WeChat, 41, 58, 101 Chou, Peter, 143 Choudary, Sangeet Paul, 82–83, 111 Christensen, Clay clone industry, 3–4 cloud services, 48, 57.

Node.js in Action
by Mike Cantelon , Marc Harter , Tj Holowaychuk and Nathan Rajlich
Published 27 Jul 2013

Around the time of the Ajax revolution in 2005, JavaScript went from being a “toy” language to something people wrote real and significant programs with. Some of the notable firsts were Google Maps and Gmail, but today there are a host of web applications from Twitter to Facebook to GitHub. Since the release of Google Chrome in late 2008, JavaScript performance has improved at an incredibly fast rate due to heavy competition between browser vendors (Mozilla, Microsoft, Apple, Opera, and Google). The performance of these modern JavaScript virtual machines is literally changing the types of applications you can build on the web.[2] A compelling, and frankly mind-blowing, example of this is jslinux,[3] a PC emulator running in JavaScript where you can load a Linux kernel, interact with the terminal session, and compile a C program, all in your browser. 2 See the “Chrome Experiments” page for some examples: www.chromeexperiments.com/. 3 Jslinux, a JavaScript PC emulator: http://bellard.org/jslinux/.

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The performance of these modern JavaScript virtual machines is literally changing the types of applications you can build on the web.[2] A compelling, and frankly mind-blowing, example of this is jslinux,[3] a PC emulator running in JavaScript where you can load a Linux kernel, interact with the terminal session, and compile a C program, all in your browser. 2 See the “Chrome Experiments” page for some examples: www.chromeexperiments.com/. 3 Jslinux, a JavaScript PC emulator: http://bellard.org/jslinux/. Node uses V8, the virtual machine that powers Google Chrome, for server-side programming. V8 gives Node a huge boost in performance because it cuts out the middleman, preferring straight compilation into native machine code over executing bytecode or using an interpreter. Because Node uses JavaScript on the server, there are also other benefits: Developers can write web applications in one language, which helps by reducing the context switch between client and server development, and allowing for code sharing between client and server, such as reusing the same code for form validation or game logic.

…

G games gcc4-g++ package Generic Security Services Application Program Interface. See GSSAPI. genSalt method get filter get method, 2nd GET requests, 2nd getHeader method global scope included files modules global variables, testing for globally installing packages gm module Gmail Google Chrome influence on JavaScript JavaScript engine in Google group for Node.js Google Groups Google Maps GraphicsMagick library GSSAPI (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) H Handlebars.js template engine handleRequest function hash method hash tables headers Hello World server, 2nd Heroku HGETALL command hidden option hiredis module hkeys command hmset command Hogan creating templates customizing tags for displaying values history of inverted sections iterating through sections overview partials in section lambdas Homebrew hooks defined in Mocha host setting, 2nd, 3rd htmlparser module, 2nd HTTP module http module httpOnly property HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) module using for web applications :http-version token I icons option IDE (integrated development environment) if statements ImageMagick library immediate option include directive and global scope in Jade using IncomingForm object index function, 2nd index.html, serving when directory is requested index.js file inetutils package info function inheritance, for templates in Jade inherits function in-memory storage install command installing dependencies Express framework Node compiling on CentOS on Linux on OS X on OS X with Homebrew on Ubuntu on Windows nodeunit npm Selenium Server Soda using npm exploring documentation and package code installing packages searching for packages instances integrated development environment.

Only Americans Burn in Hell
by Jarett Kobek
Published 10 Apr 2019

HRH sat in one of the chairs. “Position your meat in the other receptacle,” said HRH. “Join me at this terminal to infinity.” “Are you trying to make me watch porn?” asked the sex worker. “I’ve seen porn. But it’s your money.” HRH powered on the Alienware Area-51 desktop computer. HRH opened the Google Chrome web browser. HRH directed the Google Chrome web browser to https://www.twitch.tv. https://www.twitch.tv was the URL of Twitch, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, which was a website dedicated to the destruction of the publishing industry. Amazon.com was owned by Jeff Bezos, who also owned Goodreads.com, the Internet Movie Database, Blue Origin, and the Washington Post, which was a newspaper with a slogan that said: “Democracy Dies in Darkness.”

…

Did I not inform you that I would demonstrate the greatest perversity? Do not think that Twitch itself constitutes the horror. There remains another dimension.” HRH scrolled down on the webpage hosting the Sidcup woman’s Twitch channel. HRH clicked the donate button. The donate button opened another browser tab in Google Chrome. HRH switched to this tab. HRH filled out the form on the donate page. HRH clicked donate. A notification appeared on the Sidcup woman’s stream. It informed the woman and her viewers that HRH had donated £2,000. The woman pulled off her headphones and began to cry. “One cannot donate to any Twitch channel which experiences true popularity,” said HRH.

Laziness Does Not Exist
by Devon Price
Published 5 Jan 2021

Rose Zimering, PhD, and Suzy Bird Gulliver, PhD, “Secondary Traumatization in Mental Health Care Providers,” Psychiatric Times, April 1, 2003, https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/ptsd/secondary-traumatization-mental-health-care-providers. 26. James Hale, “ ‘Sadblock’ Google Chrome Extension Helps You Avoid Sad, Triggering, or Just Plain Annoying News,” Bustle, December 1, 2017, https://www.bustle.com/p/sadblock-google-chrome-extension-helps-you-avoid-sad-triggering-just-plain-annoying-news-6748012. 27. CustomBlocker, Google Chrome Web Store, https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/customblocker/elnfhbjabfcepfnaeoehffgmifcfjlha?hl=en. 28. Natalie Jomini Stroud, Emily Van Duyn, and Cynthia Peacock, “News Commenters and News Comment Readers,” Engaging News Project, 1–21. 29.

The Complete Android Guide: 3Ones
by Kevin Purdy
Published 15 Apr 2011

It's built with WebKit, a web browser backend originally built for KDE, a desktop version of the (very geeky) Linux operating system. Apple, the maker of Mac, iPods, and iPhones, picked up the project and used it as the base for its Safari browser and all of the Mac's web abilities. WebKit has since been adopted by many software projects, including Google's Chrome browser and, yes, the browser on your Android phone. The Android Browser is not, however, Chrome for Android. It can render full web pages that look as they do on a desktop computer 99% of the time, and, with the 2.2 Android update, the Browser can even render sites that require Adobe Flash, putting it ahead of the pack in that regard.

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Here are a few quick tips on getting more from Google Voice on your phone and in your phone life. Add a browser extension for quick desk calling: When you find a restaurant or business phone number you want to call, you don't need to pick up your phone and punch the number in. With a Google Voice extension installed in Google Chrome or Firefox, you can simply click on phone numbers on a web page, then answer your phone when it rings to make the call. These extensions also offer instant SMS and message checking abilities, making them well worth the download for any Voice enthusiast. Moving an app icon Make free desktop calls with Voice: Your Android handles Google Voice calls just fine.

High Performance JavaScript
by Nicholas C. Zakas
Published 15 Mar 2010

This separation allows other technologies and languages, such as VBScript, to benefit from the DOM and the rendering functionality Trident has to offer. Safari uses WebKit’s WebCore for DOM and rendering and has a separate JavaScriptCore engine (dubbed SquirrelFish in 35 its latest version). Google Chrome also uses WebCore libraries from WebKit for rendering pages but implements its own JavaScript engine called V8. In Firefox, Spider-Monkey (the latest version is called TraceMonkey) is the JavaScript implementation, a separate part of the Gecko rendering engine. Inherently Slow What does that mean for performance?

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Send email to index@oreilly.com. 203 WebKit-based and innerHTML, 38 D XPath, 137 build process, Agile JavaScript, 174 data access, 15–33 buildtime versus runtime build processes, 170 object members, 27–33 scope, 16–26 C data caching, 145 data formats, 134–145 caching custom, 142 Ajax, 145 HTML, 141 JavaScript files, 171 JSON, 137–141 layout information, 56 XML, 134–137 object member values, 31 data transmission, 125–134 using, 172 requesting data, 125–131 call stack size limits, 74 sending data, 131–134 CDN (content delivery network), 173 data types: functions, methods and properties, chains (see prototype chains; scope chains) 27 childNodes collection, 47 Date object, 178 Chrome deferred scripts, 5 developer tools, 192 delegation, events, 57 just-in-time JavaScript compiler, 160 deploying JavaScript resources, 173 time limits, 110 displayName property, 190 cloning nodes, 41 do-while loops, 62 Closure Compiler, 169 document fragments, batching DOM changes, Closure Inspector, 169 55 closures, scope, 24 DOM (Document Object Model), object collections members, 27 childNodes collection, 47 DOM scripting, 35–59 collection elements, 45 access document structure, 46–50 HTML collections, 42–46 browsers, 35 combining JavaScript files, 165 cloning nodes, 41 compile-time folding, Firefox, 84 event delegation, 57 compression, 170 HTML collections, 42–46 concat method, 86 innerHTML, 37–40 concatenating strings, 40, 81–87 repaints and reflows, 50–57 conditional advance loading, 156 dot notation versus bracket notation, 31 conditionals, 68–73 double evaluation, 151–153 if-else, 68, 70 downloading, 122 lookup tables, 72 (see also DOM scripting; loading; console API, Firebug, 184 nonblocking scripts; scripts) Console panel profiler, Firebug, 183 blocking by <script> tags, 3 console.time() function, 185 using dynamic script nodes, 7 constants, mathematical constants, 159 dynamic scopes, 24 content delivery network (CDN), 173 dynamic script elements, 6–9 crawling DOM, 47 dynamic script tag insertion, 127 CSS files, loading, 13 dynaTrace, 199 CSS selectors, APIs, 48 cssText property, 53 E element nodes, DOM, 47 elements, 45 204 | Index (see also collections; <script> elements; assignEvents() function, 25 tags) caching object member values, 31 DOM, 50 console.time() function, 185 dynamic script elements, 6–9 data types, 27 reflows, 56 eval() function, 24, 138, 151 emulating atomic groups, 93 execute() function, 24 eval() function, 24, 138, 151 factorial() function, 75, 78 event delegation, DOM scripting, 57 initUI() function, 21 events loadScript() function, 11 message events, 121 mergeSort() function, 77 onmessage events, 121 multistep() function, 118 readystatechange events, 7 processArray() function, 116 execute() function, 24 profileEnd() function, 184 execution (see scripts) removeEventListener() function, 154 Expires headers, 146 setInterval() function, 112, 151 ExpiresDefault directive, Apache web server, setTimeout() function, 112, 151 172 tasks, 116 external files, loading, 122 variables in execution, 18 F G factorial() function, 75, 78 GET versus POST when using XHR, 127 Fiddler, 196 global variables, performance, 19 files, 122 Google Chrome developer tools, 192 (see also DOM scripting; downloading; Google Closure Compiler, 169 loading; nonblocking scripts; scripts) grouping scripts, 4 caching JavaScript files, 171 gzip compression, 169, 170 combining JavaScript files, 165 loading external files, 122 H preprocessing JavaScript files, 166 handleClick() method, 108 Firebug, 183–186 hasOwnProperty() method, 28 Firefox headers compile-time folding, 84 Expires headers, 146 time limits, 110 HTTP headers, 146 flow control, 61–80 :hover, IE, 57 conditionals, 68–73 HTML collections loops, 61–68 expensive collections, 43 recursion, 73–79 local variables, 45 flows (see reflows) HTML, data format, 141 flushing render tree changes, 51 HTTP headers, Ajax, 146 folding, compile-time folding and Firefox, 84 for loops, 62 for-in loops, 62, 63 I forEach() method, 67 idempotent action, 127 Function() constructor, 151 identifier resolution, scope, 16–21 functions, 116 IE (Internet Explorer) (see also methods; statements) array joining, 84 add() function, 17 concatenating strings, 40 addEventListener() function, 154 dynamic script elements, 7 anonymous functions, 181, 182 nextSibling, 47 Index | 205 reflows, 57 limits repeated actions, 111 call stack size limits, 74 time limits, 109 long-running script limit, 109 using, 186 literal values, defined, 15 XHR objects, 148 loading, 122 if-else (see also DOM scripting; downloading; optimizing, 70 nonblocking scripts; scripts) versus switch, 68 conditional advance loading, 156 initUI() function, 21 CSS files, 13 injecting nonblocking scripts, 9 external files, 122 innerHTML JavaScript, 10 data format, 141 lazy loading, 154 versus DOM, 37–40 scripts, 192 interfaces (see user interfaces) loadScript() function, 11 Internet Explorer (see IE) local variables interoperability, JSON, 140 HTML collections, 45 iPhone (see Safari) performance, 19, 36 iteration long-running script limit, 109 function-based, 67 lookaheads, emulating atomic groups, 93 loop performance, 63–67 lookup tables, 72 recursion, 76 loops, 61–68 function-based iteration, 67 J measuring timing with console.time(), 185 performance, 63–67 JavaScript files types of, 61 caching, 171 combining, 165 preprocessing, 166 M JavaScript namespacing, nested properties, 32 mathematical constants and methods, lists of, JavaScript profiling, 178 159 joining arrays, 84 memoization, recursion, 77 jQuery library, gzipping, 171 mergeSort() function, 77 JSMin, 168 message events, 121 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), data methods, 159 formats, 137–141 (see also functions; object members; JSON-P (JSON with padding), 139 properties; statements) Array.prototype.join method, 84 L concat method, 86 data types, 27 $LAB.script() method, 13 forEach() method, 67 $LAB.wait() method, 13 handleClick() method, 108 LABjs library, loading JavaScript, 13 hasOwnProperty() method, 28 layouts, caching, 56 $LAB.script() method, 13 lazy loading, 154 $LAB.wait() method, 13 LazyLoad library, loading JavaScript, 12 mathematical methods, 159 length property, 43 native methods, 159 libraries postMessage() method, 121 Ajax, 148 querySelector() method, 160 LABjs library, 13 querySelectorAll() method, 48, 160 LazyLoad library, 12 string concatenation, 82 206 | Index this in object methods, 33 panels toString() method, 28 Console panel profiler: Firebug, 183 trim method, 99 Net panel: Firebug, 185 minification, 168 Profiles panel, 189 multistep() function, 118 Resources panel: Safari Web Inspector, MXHR (multipart XHR), 128–131 191 parse times, XML, 137 N parsing, eval() function with JSON, 138 performance namespacing, nested properties, 32 Ajax, 145–149 native methods, 159 array joining, 84 nested object members, 30 browsers, 15 nested quantifiers, runaway backtracking, 94 closures, 25 Net panel, Firebug, 185 DOM scripting, 35, 36 Nielsen, Jakob, on UI response time, 110 format comparison, 144 nodes, cloning, 41 HTML format, 142 nonblocking scripts, 5–14 identifier resolution, 19 deferred scripts, 5 JavaScript engines, 24 dynamic script elements, 6–9 JavaScript in browsers, 1 loading JavaScript, 10 JSON formats, 139 XMLHttpRequest Script Injections, 9 JSON-P formats, 140 noncapturing groups, 97 loops, 63–67 O native code versus eval(), 152 nested members, 31 object members, 27 regexes, 87, 96 (see also methods; properties) timers, 119 caching object member values, 31 trim implementations, 103 data access, 27–33 XHR formats, 144 defined, 15 XML, 137 nested, 30 plus (+) operator, 82–84 prototype chains, 29 plus-equals (+=) operator, 82–84 prototypes, 27 positioning, scripts, 2 objects POST versus GET when using XHR, 127 activation objects, 18 postMessage() method, 121 Date object, 178 preprocessing JavaScript files, 166 HTMLCollection, 42 pretest conditions, loops, 62 programming practices, 153 processArray() function, 116 XHR objects, 148 profileEnd() function, 184 onmessage events, 121 Profiler (YUI), 179–182 Opera, time limits, 110 Profiles panel, Safari Web Inspector, 189 operators profiling, JavaScript, 178 bitwise operators, 156–159 programming practices, 151–161 plus (+) and plus-equals(+=) operators, 82– bitwise operators, 156–159 84 double evaluation, 151–153 optimizing (see performance) native methods, 159 out-of-scope variables, 26 object/array literals, 153 repeating work, 154 P prop variable, 62 properties, 27 Page Speed, 194 Index | 207 (see also methods; object members) trimming strings, 99, 100, 103 cssText property, 53 when not to use, 99 data types, 27 removeEventListener() function, 154 displayName property, 190 render trees DOM properties, 47 DOM, 50 innerHTML property, 37 reflows, 51 length property, 43 repaints, minimizing, 52–56 prototypes, 27 repeating work, 154 reading in functions, 32 repetition and backtracking, 90 readyState properties (<script> element), 7 requesting data, Ajax, 125–131 [[Scope]] property Resources panel: Safari Web Inspector, 191 prototype chains, object members, 29 runaway backtracking, 91 prototypes, object members, 27 runtime build versus buildtime processes, 170 Q S quantifiers Safari nested quantifiers, 94 caching ability, 172 performance, 98 loading scripts, 192 queries, HTML collections, 43 passing strings, 122 querySelector() method, 160 starting and stopping profiling querySelectorAll() method, 48, 160 programmatically, 189 time limits, 110 R Safari Web Inspector, 188–192 scope, 16–26 readyState closures, 24 MXHR, 130 dynamic scopes, 24 XHR, 126 identifier resolution, 16–21 XMLHttpRequest, 148 scope chains readyState properties (<script> element), 7 augmentation, 21 readystatechange events, IE, 7 identifier resolution, 16 recursion, 73–79 performance, 20 call stack size limits, 74 [[Scope]] property, 25 iteration, 76 script blocking, 193 memoization, 77 script tags, dynamic insertion, 127 patterns, 75 <script> elements reflows, 50–57 defer option, 6 caching layout information, 56 DOM, 6 elements, 56 performance, 1, 4 IE, 57 placement of, 2 minimizing, 52–56 scripts, 1–14 queuing and flushing render tree changes, (see also DOM scripting) 51 debugging and profiling, 183 regular expressions (regexes), 87–99 grouping, 4 about, 88 loading, 192 atomic grouping, 93 nonblocking scripts, 5–14 backtracking, 89, 91 positioning, 2 benchmarking, 96 selectors, CSS, 48 performance, 87, 96, 99 sending data, Ajax, 131–134 repetition, 90 setInterval() function, 112, 151 208 | Index setTimeout() function, 112, 151 U smasher, 174 speed (see performance) user interfaces, 107–124 stacks, call stack size limits, 74 browser UI threads, 107–111 statements, 116 web workers, 120–124 (see also conditionals; functions; methods) yielding with timers, 111–120 try-catch statements, 23, 75 <user> tags, 136 var statement, 62 with statements, 21 V string.concat() method, 82 values, caching object member values, 31 strings var statement, 62 concatenating, 40, 81–87 variables, 19 passing in Safari, 122 (see also local variables) trimming, 99–103 defined, 15 styles, repaints and reflows, 53 function execution, 18 switches, if-else versus switch, 68 local versus global, 19 out-of-scope variables, 26 T prop variable, 62 tables, lookup tables, 72 tags, 127 W (see also elements) Web Inspector (Safari), 188–192 <user> tags, 136 web workers, 120–124 dynamic script tag insertion, 127 communication, 121 this, object methods, 33 environment, 120 Thomas, Neil, on multiple repeating timers, loading external files, 122 120 uses for, 122 threads, browser UI threads, 107 WebKit-based browsers, innerHTML, 38 time limits, browsers, 109–111 while loops, 62, 63 timers with statements, 21 performance, 119 yielding with, 111–120 tokens, exposing, 98 X tools, 177–202 XHR (XMLHttpRequest) anonymous functions with, 182 about, 126 Chrome developer tools, 192 MXHR, 128–131 dynaTrace, 199 POST versus GET, 127 Fiddler, 196 sending data, 131–134 Firebug, 183–186 XHR objects, IE, 148 IE (Internet Explorer), 186 XML data format, 134–137 JavaScript profiling, 178 XMLHttpRequest, 131, 148 Page Speed, 194 XMLHttpRequest Script Injections, 9 Safari Web Inspector, 188–192 XPath, 137 script blocking, 193 YSlow, 198 YUI Profiler, 179–182 Y toString() method, 28 yielding with timers, 111–120 trees (see render trees) YSlow, 198 trimming strings, 99–103, 99, 103 YUI 3, loading JavaScript, 12 try-catch statements, 23, 75 YUI Profiler, 179–182 Index | 209 About the Author Nicholas C.

Learning Node.js: A Hands-On Guide to Building Web Applications in JavaScript
by Marc Wandschneider
Published 18 Jun 2013

At the same time, a new generation of browser competition has erupted, with Google’s Chrome, Mozilla’s Firefox, Apple’s Safari, and Microsoft’s Internet Explorer all vying for the crown of browser king. As part of this, all these companies are investing heavily in the JavaScript portion of these systems as modern web applications continue to grow ever-more dynamic and script-based. In particular, Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript runtime is particularly fast and also open-sourced for use by anybody. With all these things in place, the opportunity arose for somebody to come along with a new approach to network (web) application development. Thus, the birth of Node.js. What Exactly Is Node.js? In 2009, a fellow named Ryan Dahl was working for a company called Joyent, a cloud and virtualization services company in California.

…

See V8 JS classes, 44 modules bcrypt, 195 caching, 94-95 connect, 139 consuming, 93-95 creating, 96-101 cycles, 95 developing with, 101-102 exports object, 90 generic-pool, 204-205 npm, 92-93 publishing, 102-103 searching for, 93-94 writing, 89-92, 95 properties, adding, 44 writing, 56-57 clearCookie method, 154 clearing cookies, 154 client-side templates, 121 cmd.exe command prompt (Windows OS), 9 collections, 144-145 creating, 165-166 documents deleting, 168 inserting, 166-167 querying, 168-169 command prompt (Windows), 10 path environment variable, 11 command-line programming, 233 scripts, running in Mac OS, 233-234 parameters, 236 in UNIX, 233-234 in Windows, 235 comparing JSON and object literal notation, 33 complex types, 26 compress middleware, 156-157 computationally intensive tasks, handling, 59-61 compute_intersection function, 59-61 concatenation operator (+), adding strings together, 30 configuration, multiplatform development, 230-231 configuration files, creating, 171-172 connect module, 139 configuration, 149-150 static file handling, 151-153 usage, 148-149 connecting to MongoDB databases, 165 to remote server, 191-192 connections, managing for MySQL, 205 console global variable, 48 constants, 26-27 constructor model, returning objects from modules, 91-92 consuming modules, 93-95 cont command (Node debugger), 20 contents of albums, listing in photo album application, 72-77 contents of directories, listing, 240 converting buffers to strings, 116 photo album application to client-side template HTML skeleton page, generating, 123 JavaScript page loader, creating, 126-127 static content, serving, 124 URL scheme, modifying, 124-126 strings to numbers, 28 cookies, 153-155 clearing, 154 setting on outgoing response, 153 CPU computationally intensive tasks, handling, 59-61 multiple servers, running on different CPUs, 221-223 threads, 50 createServer function, 19 creating arrays, 34 collections with MongoDB, 165-166 JSON server login pages, 201-204 modules, 96-101 processes, 247-250 registration pages, 201-204 schema for MySQL, 190-191 users, 194-195 web server, 17-19 CRUD (creation, retrieval, updating and destruction), 144 curl albums, renaming, 83 web server, testing, 18 cycles, 95 D Dahl, Ryan, 2-3 data event, 115 debugging anonymous functions, 41-42 breakpoints, setting in Node debugger, 20-21 commands (Node debugger), 20 execution, resuming in Node debugger, 21 printing Node debugger output, 22 programs, 19-22 declaring parameters for functions, 40 DELETE, browser support for, 155-156 deleting documents from collections, 168 deployment advanced deployment options, 216-218 basic level deployment, 214 multiprocessor deployment, 218-224 designing APIs collections, 144-145 designing APIs, 144-146 developing with modules, 101-102 directories, listing contents of, 240 displaying JavaScript types, 26 version of Node.js, 11 dividing numbers by zero, 27 documents inserting into collections, 166-167 updating with MongoDB, 167-168 DOM (Document Object Model), 25 downloading source code for this book, 5 downloading from Web using Windows OS, 18 E ECMAScript, 25 ellipsis (...), 16 end event, 84 equality operator (==), 38 err parameter (callbacks), 54 error handling global error handlers, 158-159 handle_incoming_request function, 69 with if...then...else statements, 55-56 recursion, error handling for album-listing server, 71-72 errors catching, 47 throwing, 47 event queue, 52 events, 119 data event, 115 end, 84 readable, 84 executing code async.auto function, 109-111 in parallel, 108-109 in serial, 105-108 execution, resuming in Node debugger, 21 exiting Node Shell, 16 exports object, 90 express Hello World application, 138-139 installing, 137-139 memcached, using for session data, 224 middleware bodyParser, 155 configuration, 149-150 cookies, 153-155 ordering, 150-151 sessions, 153-155 usage, 148-149 modules, 146-148 static files, handling, 151-153 URLs, routing functions, 140-141 virtual hosting, 225-226 testing, 225 expressions, literal format, 31 F factory model, returning objects from modules, 91 fetching MySQL database users, 195-196 file APIs, 61, 237-238 files binary files, serving with buffers, 118-119 reading with streams, 114 static files, serving with buffers, 114-118 uploading, 155 find, 168-171 floating-point mathematical operations, 27 folders, returning for album-listing server, 70-72 following Node.js with Twitter, 22 for...in loops, 43-44 fs (file system) module file APIs, 237-238 funcsync API, 237 mkdirs function, 239-240 fs.readdir function, 67-69 fs.stat function, 70 funcsync API, 237 functions, 39-43 anonymous, 41-42 Array.isArray (V8 JS), 35 for arrays, 36-38 async.auto, 109-111 async.forEach, 111 asynchronous, 51 calling, 54 async.parallel, 108-109 async.series, 105-108 Boolean, 29 callback functions, 54-56 nested callbacks, 57-58 calling, 40-41 compute_intersection, 59-61 createServer, 19 express.logger, 148 fs.readdir, 67-69 fs.stat, 70 handle_incoming_request, 69 helper functions, 146-147 indexOf, 30 join, 37 load_album, 76 mkdirs, 239-240 modules bcrypt, 195 caching, 94-95 connect, 139 consuming, 93-95 creating, 96-101 cycles, 95 developing with, 101-102 exports object, 90 generic-pool, 204-205 npm, 92-93 publishing, 102-103 searching for, 93-94 writing, 89-92, 95 nameless, 41-42 parameters, declaring, 40 parseFloat, 28 parseInt, 28 pop, 36 process.exit, 238 push, 36 replace, 31 require, 52 requirePageLogin, 197 scoping, 42-43 search, 32 send_failure, 76 send_success, 76 ServerResponse#writeHead, 11 setTimeout, 50-51 sort, 37 spawn, 248-250 string functions, 30-31 splice, 30 split, 31 substr, 30 trim, 31 unshift, 37 url.parse, 80 G generating JSON, 33 test certificates, 228 generic-pool module, 204-205 GET parameters, 79-83 global error handlers, 158-159 global variables console, 48 global, 47-48 process, 48 Google Chrome V8 JavaScript. See V8 JS Google groups, nodejs, 22 gzip, 156 H handle_incoming_request function, 69 handling. See also error handling computationally intensive tasks, 59-61 paging for photo album application, 80-82 path differences for multiplatform development, 231-232 static files, 151-153 Hello World, writing for express, 138-139 helper functions, 146-147 home page template (Mustache), 129-132 HTTP <form> elements, receiving POST data, 87-88 Basic Authentication, 157-158, 206 POST data data, sending, 83-84 receiving, 84-88 response codes, 79 HTTP server request objects, 78-79 response objects, 78-79 HTTPS test certificates, generating, 228 I if...then...else statements, error handling, 55-56 implementing round-robin load balancer, 219 including modules in Node files, 93 indexOf function, 30 inheritance, 45-46 input readline module, 243 line-by-line processing, 243-246 questions, asking, 246-247 stdin streams, 240-241 RawMode, 241-243 installing express, 137-139 memcached on UNIX and Mac OS, 223 on Windows, 222-223 modules, 92-93 MongoDB, 161-162 mongodb module, 162 MySQL, 189-190 mysql module, 190 Node.js, 9-14 on Linux, 14 on Mac OS, 12-14 on Windows, 9-11 nodeunit, 254 instanceof operator, 46 IO-based applications, 49 iterating over items in arrays, 38 J JavaScript bitwise operations, 43 classes, 44 properties, adding, 44 constants, 26-27 errors catching, 47 throwing, 47 files, running Node.js with, 17 inheritance, 45-46 JSON, 33 generating, 33 loops, 43-44 numbers, 27-28 floating-point mathematical operations, 27 NaN, 28 numbers (JavaScript), dividing by zero, 27 page loader, creating, 126-127 prototypes, 45-46 types arrays, 34-38 booleans, 28-29 complex types, 26 displaying, 26 null, 26 objects, 32-34 strings, 29-32 undefined, 26 V8 JS, 25 join function, 37 JPEG images, serving with buffers, 118-119 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), 33.

Realtime Web Apps: HTML5 WebSocket, Pusher, and the Web’s Next Big Thing
by Jason Lengstorf and Phil Leggetter
Published 20 Feb 2013

The theory is that if you build a great app, you’ll receive great reviews and benefit by soaring up the app charts. Marketplaces were initially created for native apps and have proven to be highly successful. The idea has been copied for web apps, but with much less success. There are efforts to change this, such as the Google Chrome Web Store,2 Firefox Marketplace,3 Facebook App Center,4 and even the Apple “web apps” directory,5 but the uptake is much slower than their native app counterparts. 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_(user_experience) https://chrome.google.com/webstore 3 https://marketplace.firefox.com/ 4 http://www.facebook.com/appcenter 5 http://www.apple.com/webapps/ 2 58 Chapter 4 ■ Choosing Web Apps Over Native Apps Established and controlled marketplaces can also come with a downside, however.

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The closed room Reopening the Room Make sure the room can be reopened by clicking the Open This Room button, which brings the room back to its original active state (see Figure 9-4). Figure 9-4. The reopened room 234 Chapter 9 ■ Building the Back-End: Part 2 Joining a Room Next, open a different browser (meaning an entirely different application: Firefox, Safari, Opera, or Internet Explorer if you started out using Google Chrome) and navigate to http://rwa.local/. Enter 1 for the room’s ID, according to the figures in this section,—and click the Join This Room button (see Figure 9-5). Figure 9-5. Joining a room (using a different browser) from the home page The room opens, and you can now see the “ask a question” form (see Figure 9-6). 235 Chapter 9 ■ Building the Back-End: Part 2 Figure 9-6.

Effective Programming: More Than Writing Code
by Jeff Atwood
Published 3 Jul 2012

Boyd decided that the primary determinant to winning dogfights was not observing, orienting, planning or acting better. The primary determinant to winning dogfights was observing, orienting, planning and acting faster. In other words, how quickly one could iterate. Speed of iteration, Boyd suggested, beats quality of iteration. Speed of iteration — the Google Chrome project has it. 1.0 December 11, 2008 2.0 May 24, 2009 3.0 October 12, 2009 4.0 January 25, 2010 5.0 May 25, 2010 6.0 September 2, 2010 Chrome was a completely respectable browser in V1 and V2. The entire project has moved forward so fast that it now is, at least in my humble opinion, the best browser on the planet.

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Anonymous users are voracious consumers optimizing for rapid browsing, while our avid community members are the source of all the great content that drives the network. These guys (and gals) need each other, and they both deserve special treatment. We design and optimize for two classes of users: anonymous, and logged in. Consider the following Google Chrome network panel trace on a random Super User question I picked: requests data transferred DOMContentLoaded onload Logged in (as me) 29 233.31 KB 1.17 s 1.31 s Anonymous 22 111.40 KB 768 ms 1.28 s We minimize the footprint of HTML, CSS and Javascript for anonymous users so they get their pages even faster.

Mining Social Media: Finding Stories in Internet Data
by Lam Thuy Vo
Published 21 Nov 2019

To do this, we need to open up a nifty little browser feature called developer tools. These are tools that are built into some browsers, like Chrome, and are available as plug-ins for other browsers, like Firefox. We’ll go through this book’s examples using Chrome, a free browser you can download from https://www.google.com/chrome/. Using Google Chrome, go to a Twitter timeline and click a single tweet. To access the HTML of the tweet in Chrome, select View ▸ Developer ▸ Developer Tools from Chrome’s menu or press CTRL-SHIFT-I in Windows or COMMAND-OPTION-I on a Mac. This should open a second view in your browser called the Web Inspector. The Web Inspector allows you to look at the code underlying the website, as shown in Figure 1-8.

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See web scraping data types, 16 datetime library, 47 declaring functions, 21 declaring loops, 22–23 defining functions, 21 descending order, 116 describe() function, 160 developer tools, 10–11 dictionaries, 51–53, 73 DictWriter() function, 74 Digital Forensic Research Lab, 103, 176 directories, 44–45 distribution charts, 126 div elements, 5–6 <div> tags, 67, 70–71 documentation, 28 donut charts, 127 Downey, Allen B., 178 dropna() function, 155 E elements, 5 encode, 60 end tags, 5 engagement metrics, 152 error messages, 30–31 ethics, 80 expressions, 16 F Facebook, 64–79 filepaths, 44 filtering data, 114–117 find() function, 71–72, 90–91 floats, 16, 96 for loops, 22–23 formatting data, 106–109 formulas, 112–114 frontend languages CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), 6–12 HTML (HyperText Markup Language), 4–6 JavaScript, 12–13 functions, 20–22 append(), 73 apply(), 168 describe(), 160 DictWriter(), 74 dropna(), 155 find(), 71–72, 90–91 get_text(), 71–72 head(), 146 json.load(), 51 lambda, 168–169 len(), 20, 148 loads(), 49 make_csv(), 59–60 mean(), 160 open(), 49–50 print(), 20, 148 reusable, 58–61 set_index(), 172 sleep(), 96 sort_values(), 158 tail(), 147 writeheader(), 74 writer(), 50 writerow(), 50 G General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 64 get_text() function, 71–72 Google Chrome, 10 Sheets, 104–106, 121–122, 128–133 H head() function, 146 Heisler, Sofia, 178 hexadecimal colors, 7 home pages, 4 HTML (HyperText Markup Language), 4–6 I IDs, 8 if clauses, 23–25 =iferror() formula, 120 iloc[] method, 149 indentation, 5–6 inheritance of styles, 7 inline CSS, 7 integer-location-based indexing, 149 integers, 16, 96 internal style sheets, 8 Internet Archive, 145 IPython Notebooks, 136 iteration, 22–23 J JavaScript, 12–13 joining data sets, 117–121 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format, 30–37 json library, 47, 49 JSON objects, 34 json.load() function, 51 Jupyter Notebook, 136–142 K keys, 34 key-value pairs, 34 Klein, Ewan, 180 L lambda functions, 168–169 len()function, 20, 148 libraries, 46–48 beautifulsoup4 library, 47, 68–70 csv library, 47, 49–50, 68 datetime library, 47 importing, 68 json library, 47, 49 matplotlib library, 175–176 pandas library, 47, 142–149, 165 pip library, 47–48 requests library, 47, 49 scikit-learn library, 180 third-party, 46 Linder, Lindsey, 78–79 lists, 19–20 loads() function, 49 logical operators, 24–25 loops, 22–23 Loper, Edward, 180 Lytvynenko, Jane, 38 M machine learning, 179–180 macOS, xxi make_csv() function, 59–60 matplotlib library, 175–176 McKinney, Wes, 142 mean, 152 mean() function, 160 measures of central tendency, 152–153 median, 152 merging data sets, 117–121 minified code, 87 modifying and formatting data, 106–109 N Naked Statistics (Wheelan), 179 NaN values, 155–156 natural language processing (NLP), 179 Natural Language Processing with Python (Bird, Klein, and Loper), 180 nested elements, 5 nextPageToken key, 55–57 NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit), 179 null values, 154–156 numbers, 16 O one-dimensional data sets, 143–144 open() function, 49–50 opening tags, 5 operators, 16, 24–25 overloading a server, 82 P pagination, 55–57 pandas library, 47, 142–149, 165 panel data, 142 parameters, 29–30, 41 parsing, 69 part parameter, 30 paste special, 115 pie charts, 127 pip command, 68 pip library, 47–48 pivot tables, 110–111 placeholders, 154 plotting data, 175–176 population data, 153 print statements, 15 print()function, 20, 148 prompts, 15 properties, 7 pseudocoding, 46 PyPI (Python Package Index), 47 Python.

Engineering Security
by Peter Gutmann

It’s not surprising then that one major CA’s summary of the audits is that they’re “effectively a ‘least common denominator’ where the audit has been so dumbeddown that it is meaningless” (there’s no record of any CA ever failing the required audit and having their certificates removed from web browsers) [360]14. The following year yet another trusted CA, this time one run by the French government, was caught issuing MITM certificates [361][362][363][364]. As before, the problem was noticed in Google Chrome when fake certificates for Google-run sites started appearing [365]. No other browser noticed that there was a problem. The issue in this case was that the trusted root CA had created a veritable forest of sub-CAs for different government agencies and departments. The fact that running a CA wasn’t necessarily the primary business function for these organisations showed in the way that the CAs were managed [366][367].

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Legitimate banks, stores and other public sites will not ask you to do this” (emphasis added) would almost certainly be seen by a lawyer as libellous or defamatory (see the discussion in “Legal Considerations” on page 553 on why you have to be very careful about how you word warnings to users). Other browsers go too far in the other direction, with Google Chrome at one point promising users that the presence of a certificate meant that “it can be guaranteed that you are actually connecting to” a particular entity, conveniently omitting to mention who was supposed to be providing this guarantee [576]). Even the message displayed by browsers for standard certificates, “You are connected to bank-name which is run by (unknown)” (which is done in order to enhance the value of EV certificates, for which the string “(unknown)” is replaced by the actual organisation name), is misleading because it tends to make customers suspicious about the nature of the site that they’ve connected to.

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Java tried to implement a mitigated-trust mechanism in initial releases when the evangelists were in the driving seat, but backed down in later releases when the pragmatists got control. .NET only went through the motions, in theory implementing a Java-like mitigated-trust access model but in practice defaulting to the access-all-areas trust level="Full". ActiveX, and by extension any standard native application, never even tried. The Google Chrome browser in contrast requires that plugins written for it include a manifest that specifies exactly what privileges the plugin requires, which includes specifying the web sites and functions that the plugin needs (or at least wants) to access [599][600]. The concept of modelling trust as a failure mode is applicable to other areas as well.

The Tangled Web: A Guide to Securing Modern Web Applications
by Michal Zalewski
Published 26 Nov 2011

Hickson, “HTML Living Standard,” WHATWG (2011), http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-iframe-element.html#attr-iframe-sandbox. [251] J. Hodges, C. Jackson, and A. Barth, “HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS),” (draft) IETF Request for Comments (August 5, 2011), http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-02. [252] A. Klein, “Google Chrome 6.0 and Above: Math.random Vulnerability” (2010), http://www.trusteer.com/sites/default/files/Google_Chrome_6.0_and_7.0_Math.random_vulnerability.pdf. [253] “.NET Framework 3.0: toStaticHTML Method,” Microsoft, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc848922%28v=vs.85%29.aspx. [254] D. Ross, “IE8 Security Part IV: The XSS Filter,” IEBlog (2008), http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/07/02/ie8-security-part-iv-the-xss-filter.aspx

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* * * [9] The primary seven varieties, as discussed throughout Part II of this book, include the security policy for JavaScript DOM access; XMLHttpRequest API; HTTP cookies; local storage APIs; and plug-ins such as Flash, Silverlight, or Java. Global browser market share, May 2011 Vendor Browser Name Market Share Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 10% 52% Internet Explorer 7 7% Internet Explorer 8 31% Internet Explorer 9 4% Mozilla Firefox 3 12% 22% Firefox 4+ 10% Google Chrome 13% Apple Safari 7% Opera Software Opera 3% Source: Data drawn from public Net Applications reports.[93] Part I. Anatomy of the Web The first part of this book focuses on the principal concepts that govern the operation of web browsers, namely, the protocols, document formats, and programming languages that make it all tick.

Getting Started with D3
by Mike Dewar
Published 26 Jun 2012

For more details on this aspect of D3, check out http://bost.ocks.org/mike/join/. In this first example, we don’t have any elements on the page at all, so the .enter() method returns a selection containing data for all 11 data elements. This enter selection is now ready for us to append elements to it. Developer Tools Google Chrome’s Developer Tools or Firefox’s Firebug are an essential part of a web developer’s toolset. If you are investigating JavaScript for the first time, especially in the context of drawing visualizations, your first experience of the developer tools is like a breath of fresh air. In Chrome, to access the developer tools, navigate to View→Developer→Developer Tools.

Ansible for DevOps: Server and Configuration Management for Humans
by Jeff Geerling
Published 9 Oct 2015

Inside main.yml, update the roles section: 9 roles: 10 - geerlingguy.homebrew Then add the following into vars/main.yml: 1 --- 2 homebrew_installed_packages: 3 - ansible 4 - sqlite 5 - mysql 6 - php56 7 - python 8 - ssh-copy-id 9 - cowsay 10 - pv 11 - drush 12 - wget 13 - brew-cask 14 15 homebrew_taps: 16 - caskroom/cask 17 - homebrew/binary 18 - homebrew/dupes 19 - homebrew/php 20 - homebrew/versions 21 22 homebrew_cask_appdir: /Applications 23 homebrew_cask_apps: 24 - google-chrome 25 - firefox 26 - sequel-pro 27 - sublime-text 28 - vagrant 29 - vagrant-manager 30 - virtualbox Homebrew has a few tricks up its sleeve, like being able to manage general packages like PHP, MySQL, Python, Pipe Viewer, etc. natively (using commands like brew install [package] and brew uninstall package), and can also install and manage general application installation for many Mac apps, like Chrome, Firefox, VLC, etc. using brew cask.

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Using UDP instead of TCP requires Mosh to do a little extra behind-the-scenes work to synchronize the local and remote sessions (instead of sending all local keystrokes over the wire serially via TCP, then waiting for stdout and stderr to be returned, like SSH). Mosh also promises better UTF-8 support than SSH, and is well supported by all the major POSIX-like operating systems (and can even run inside Google Chrome!). It will be interesting to see where the future leads with regard to remote terminal access, but one thing is for sure: Ansible will continue to support the most secure, fast, and reliable connection methods to help you build and manage your infrastructure! Use secure and encrypted communication We spent a lot of time discussing SSH’s heritage and the way it works because it is, in many ways, the foundation of a secure infrastructure—in almost every circumstance, you will allow SSH remote access for your servers, so it’s important you know how it works, and how to configure it to ensure you always administer the server securely, over an encrypted connection.

Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data
by Leslie Sikos
Published 10 Jul 2015

Microformats can be implemented not only in (X)HTML markup but also in XML, RSS, Atom, and so on. Microformats can express site structure, link weight, content type, and human relationships with the class, rel, and rev attribute values. They are very easy to write, and a great deal of software supports them (the Operator and Tails Export add-ons for Firefox, the Michromeformats Google Chrome extension, the microformats transformer Optimus, or the Microformats Bookmarklet for Safari, Firefox, and IE). 24 Chapter 2 ■ Knowledge Representation However, due to limitations and open issues, other machine-readable annotation formats gradually overtook microformats. Applying various microformats as multiple values on the same a element, such as rel="nofollow" and rel="friend", cannot be used.

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OpenLink Data Explorer (ODE) OpenLink Data Explorer (ODE, originally OpenLink RDF Browser) is a browser extension to exploit structured data. ODE adds two options to the standard View menu, both in the main menu and the context menu (see Figure 4-21). The Data Explorer is available for Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, and Opera (http://ode.openlinksw.com/#Download). Let’s install the add-on, say, for Firefox! 114 1. Go to http://s3.amazonaws.com/opldownload/ajax-tools/ode/1.1/ firefox3.0/ode.xpi. 2. Depending on your security settings, Firefox might prevent automatic installation. Click Allow to download the add-on. 3.

Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms
by Hannah Fry
Published 17 Sep 2018

Well, let me tell you about an investigation led by German journalist Svea Eckert and data scientist Andreas Dewes that should give you a clear idea.16 Eckert and her team set up a fake data broker and used it to buy the anonymous browsing data of 3 million German citizens. (Getting hold of people’s internet histories was easy. Plenty of companies had an abundance of that kind of data for sale on British or US customers – the only challenge was finding data focused on Germany.) The data itself had been gathered by a Google Chrome plugin that users had willingly downloaded, completely unaware that it was spying on them in the process.† In total, it amounted to a gigantic list of URLs. A record of everything those people had looked at online over the course of a month. Every search, every page, every click. All legally put up for sale.

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‘ambiguous images 211n13’ 23andMe 108–9 profit 109 promises of anonymity 109 sale of data 109 volume of customers 110 52Metro 177 abnormalities 84, 87, 95 acute kidney injuries 104 Acxiom 31 Adele 193 advertising 33 online adverts 33–5 exploitative potential 35 inferences 35 personality traits and 40–1 political 39–43 targeted 41 AF447 (flight) 131–3, 137 Afigbo, Chukwuemeka 2 AI (artificial intelligence) 16–19 algorithms 58, 86 omnipotence 13 threat of 12 see also DeepMind AI Music 192 Air France 131–3 Airbnb, random forests 59 Airbus A330 132–3 algebra 8 algorithmic art 194 algorithmic regulating body 70 algorithms aversion 23 Alhambra 156 Alton Towers 20–1 ALVINN (Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network) 118–19 Alzheimer’s disease 90–1, 92 Amazon 178 recommendation engine 9 ambiguous images 211n13 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 17 Ancestry.com 110 anchoring effect 73 Anthropometric Laboratory 107–8 antibiotics 111 AOL accounts 2 Apple 47 Face ID system 165–6 arithmetic 8 art 175–95 algorithms 184, 188–9 similarity 187 books 178 films 180–4 popularity 183–4 judging the aesthetic value of 184 machines and 194 meaning of 194 measuring beauty 184–5 music 176–80 piano experiment 188–90 popularity 177, 178, 179 quality 179, 180 quantifying 184–8 social proof 177–8, 179 artifacts, power of 1-2 artificial intelligence (AI) see AI (artificial intelligence) association algorithms 9 asthma 101–2 identifying warning signs 102 preventable deaths 102 Audi slow-moving traffic 136 traffic jam pilot 136 authority of algorithms 16, 198, 199, 201 misuse of 200 automation aircraft 131–3 hidden dangers 133–4 ironies of 133–7 reduction in human ability 134, 137 see also driverless cars Autonomous Emergency Braking system 139 autonomy 129, 130 full 127, 130, 134, 138 autopilot systems A330 132 driverless cars 134 pilot training 134 sloppy 137 Tesla 134, 135, 138 bail comparing algorithms to human judges 59–61 contrasting predictions 60 success of algorithms 60–1 high-risk scores 70 Bainbridge, Lisanne 133–4, 135, 138 balance 112 Banksy 147, 185 Baril, David 171–2 Barstow 113 Bartlett, Jamie 44 Barwell, Clive 145–7 Bayes’ theorem 121–4, 225n30 driverless cars 124 red ball experiment 123–4 simultaneous hypotheses 122–3 Bayes, Thomas 123–4 Bayesian inference 99 beauty 184–5 Beck, Andy 82, 95 Bell, Joshua 185–6 Berk, Richard 61–2, 64 bias of judges 70–1, 75 in machines 65–71 societal and cultural 71 biometric measurements 108 blind faith 14–16, 18 Bonin, Pierre-Cédric ‘company baby‘ 131–3 books 178 boost effect 151, 152 Bratton, Bill 148–50, 152 breast cancer aggressive screening 94 detecting abnormalities 84, 87, 95 diagnoses 82–4 mammogram screenings 94, 96 over-diagnosis and over-treatment 94–5 research on corpses 92–3 ‘in situ’ cancer cells 93 screening algorithms for 87 tumours, unwittingly ­carrying 93 bridges (route to Jones Beach) racist 1 unusual features 1 Brixton fighting 49 looting and violence 49–50 Brooks, Christopher Drew 64, 77 Brown, Joshua 135 browser history see internet browsing ­history buffer zone 144 Burgess, Ernest W. 55–6 burglary 150–1 the boost 151, 152 connections with earthquakes 152 the flag 150–1, 152 Caixin Media 45 calculations 8 calculus 8 Caldicott, Dame Fiona 223n48 Cambridge Analytica 39 advertising 42 fake news 42 personality profiles 41–2 techniques 41–2 whistleblowers 42 CAMELYON16 competition 88, 89 cameras 119–20 cancer benign 94 detection 88–9 and the immune system 93 malignant 94 ‘in situ’ 93, 94 uncertainty of tumours 93–4 see also breast cancer cancer diagnoses study 79–80 Car and Driver magazine 130–1 Carnegie 117 Carnegie Mellon University 115 cars 113–40 driverless see driverless cars see also DARPA (US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) categories of algorithms association 9 classification 9 filtering 9–10 prioritization 8 Centaur Chess 202 Charts of the Future 148–50 chauffeur mode 139 chess 5-7 Chicago Police Department 158 China 168 citizen scoring system 45–6 breaking trust 46 punishments 46 Sesame Credit 45–6, 168 smallpox inoculation 81 citizen scoring system 45–6 Citroen DS19 116, 116–17 Citymapper 23 classification algorithms 9 Clinical vs Statistical Prediction (Meehl) 21–2 Clinton Foundation 42 Clubcard (Tesco) 26 Cohen’s Kappa 215n12 cold cases 172 Cold War 18 Colgan, Steyve 155 Commodore 64 ix COMPAS algorithm 63, 64 ProPublica analysis accuracy of scores 65 false positives 66 mistakes 65–8 racial groups 65–6 secrecy of 69 CompStat 149 computational statistics 12 computer code 8 computer intelligence 13 see also AI (artificial intelligence) computer science 8 computing power 5 considered thought 72 cookies 34 Cope, David 189, 190–1, 193 cops on the dots 155–6 Corelogic 31 counter-intuition 122 creativity, human 192–3 Creemers, Rogier 46 creepy line 28, 30, 39 crime 141–73 algorithmic regulation 173 boost effect 151, 152 burglary 150–1 cops on the dots 155–6 geographical patterns 142–3 gun 158 hotspots 148, 149, 150–1, 155 HunchLab algorithm 157–8 New York City subway 147–50 predictability of 144 PredPol algorithm 152–7, 158 proximity of offenders’ homes 144 recognizable patterns 143–4 retail 170 Strategic Subject List 158 target hardening 154–5 see also facial recognition crime data 143–4 Crimewatch programme 142 criminals buffer zone 144 distance decay 144 knowledge of local geographic area 144 serial offenders 144, 145 customers data profiles 32 inferred data 32–4 insurance data 30–1 shopping habits 28, 29, 31 supermarket data 26–8 superstore data 28–31 cyclists 129 Daimler 115, 130 DARPA (US Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) driverless cars 113–16 investment in 113 Grand Challenge (2004) 113–14, 117 course 114 diversity of vehicles 114 GPS coordinates 114 problems 114–15 top-scoring vehicle 115 vehicles’ failure to finish 115 Grand Challenge (2005) 115 targeting of military vehicles 113–14 data 25–47 exchange of 25, 26, 44–5 dangers of 45 healthcare 105 insurance 30–1 internet browsing history 36–7, 36–8 internet giants 36 manipulation and 39–44 medical records 102–7 benefits of algorithms 106 DeepMind 104–5 disconnected 102–3 misuse of data 106 privacy 105–7 patterns in 79–81, 108 personal 108 regulation of America 46–7 Europe 46–7 global trend 47 sale of 36–7 Sesame Credit 45–6, 168 shopping habits 28, 29, 31 supermarkets and 26–8 superstores and 28–31 data brokers 31–9 benefits provided by 32 Cambridge Analytica 39–42 data profiles 32 inferred data 32–4, 35 murky practices of 47 online adverts 33–5 rich and detailed datasets 103 Sesame Credit 45–6 unregulated 36 in America 36 dating algorithms 9 Davies, Toby 156, 157 decision trees 56–8 Deep Blue 5-7, 8 deep learning 86 DeepMind access to full medical ­histories 104–5 consent ignored 105 outrage 104 contract with Royal Free NHS Trust 104 dementia 90–2 Dewes, Andreas 36–7 Dhami, Mandeep 75, 76 diabetic retinopathy 96 Diaconis, Pesri 124 diagnostic machines 98–101, 110–11 differential diagnosis 99 discrimination 71 disease Alzheimer’s disease 90–1, 92 diabetic retinopathy 96 diagnosing 59, 99, 100 disease (continued) hereditary causes 108 Hippocrates’s understanding of 80 Huntington’s disease 110 motor neurone disease 100 pre-modern medicine 80 see also breast cancer distance decay 144 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 106, 109 testing 164–5 doctors 81 unique skills of 81–2 Dodds, Peter 176–7 doppelgängers 161–3, 164, 169 Douglas, Neil 162–3 driver-assistance technology 131 driverless cars 113–40 advantages 137 algorithms and 117 Bayes’ red ball analogy 123–4 ALVINN (Autonomous Land Vehicle In a Neural Network) 118–19 autonomy 129, 130 full 127, 130, 134, 138 Bayes’ theorem 121–4 breaking the rules of the road 128 bullying by people 129 cameras and 117–18 conditions for 129 cyclists and 129 dealing with people 128–9 difficulties of building 117–18, 127–8 early technology 116–17 framing of technology 138 inevitability of errors 140 measurement 119, 120 neural networks 117–18 potential issues 116 pre-decided go-zones 130 sci-fi era 116 simulations 136–7 speed and direction 117 support for drivers 139 trolley problem 125–6 Uber 135 Waymo 129–30 driverless technology 131 Dubois, Captain 133, 137 Duggan, Mark 49 Dunn, Edwina 26 early warning systems 18 earthquakes 151–2 eBureau 31 Eckert, Svea 36–7 empathy 81–2 ensembles 58 Eppink, Richard 17, 18 Epstein, Robert 14–15 equations 8 Equivant (formerly Northpointe) 69, 217n38 errors in algorithms 18–19, 61–2, 76, 159–60, 197–9, 200–201 false negatives 62, 87, 88 false positives 62, 66, 87, 88 Eureka Prometheus Project 117 expectant mothers 28–9 expectations 7 Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI) 189–91, 193 Face ID (Apple) 165–6 Facebook 2, 9, 36, 40 filtering 10 Likes 39–40 news feeds experiment 42–3 personality scores 39 privacy issues 25 severing ties with data brokers 47 FaceFirst 170, 171 FaceNet (Google) 167, 169 facial recognition accuracy 171 falling 168 increasing 169 algorithms 160–3, 165, 201–2 2D images 166–7 3D model of face 165–6 Face ID (Apple) 165–6 FaceFirst 170 FaceNet (Google) 167, 169 measurements 163 MegaFace 168–9 statistical approach 166–7 Tencent YouTu Lab 169 in China 168 cold cases 172 David Baril incident 171–2 differences from DNA testing 164–5 doppelgängers 161–3, 164, 169 gambling addicts 169–70 identical looks 162–3, 164, 165 misidentification 168 neural networks 166–7 NYPD statistics 172 passport officers 161, 164 police databases of facial images 168 resemblance 164, 165 shoplifters 170 pros and cons of techno­logy 170–1 software 160 trade-off 171–3 Youssef Zaghba incident 172 fairness 66–8, 201 tweaking 70 fake news 42 false negatives 62, 87, 88 false positives 62, 66, 87, 88 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) 168 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 36 Federal Trade Commission 47 feedback loops 156–7 films 180–4 algorithms for 183 edits 182–3 IMDb website 181–2 investment in 180 John Carter (film) 180 novelty and 182 popularity 183–4 predicting success 180–1 Rotten Tomatoes website 181 study 181–2 keywords 181–2 filtering algorithms 9–10 Financial Times 116 fingerprinting 145, 171 Firebird II 116 Firefox 47 Foothill 156 Ford 115, 130 forecasts, decision trees 57–8 free technology 44 Fuchs, Thomas 101 Galton, Francis 107–8 gambling addicts 169–70 GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) 46 General Motors 116 genetic algorithms 191–2 genetic testing 108, 110 genome, human 108, 110 geographical patterns 142–3 geoprofiling 147 algorithm 144 Germany facial recognition ­algorithms 161 linking of healthcare ­records 103 Goldman, William 181, 184 Google 14–15, 36 creepy line 28, 30, 39 data security record 105 FaceNet algorithm 167, 169 high-paying executive jobs 35 see also DeepMind Google Brain 96 Google Chrome plugins 36–7 Google Images 69 Google Maps 120 Google Search 8 Google Translate 38 GPS 3, 13–14, 114 potential errors 120 guardian mode 139 Guerry, André-Michel 143–4 gun crime 158 Hamm, John 99 Hammond, Philip 115 Harkness, Timandra 105–6 Harvard researchers experiment (2013) 88–9 healthcare common goal 111–12 exhibition (1884) 107 linking of medical records 102–3 sparse and disconnected dataset 103 healthcare data 105 Hinton, Geoffrey 86 Hippocrates 80 Hofstadter, Douglas 189–90, 194 home cooks 30–1 homosexuality 22 hotspots, crime 148, 149, 150–1, 155 Hugo, Christoph von 124–5 human characteristics, study of 107 human genome 108, 110 human intuition 71–4, 77, 122 humans and algorithms opposite skills to 139 prediction 22, 59–61, 62–5 struggle between 20–4 understanding the ­human mind 6 domination by machines 5-6 vs machines 59–61, 62–4 power of veto 19 PredPol (PREDictive ­POLicing) 153–4 strengths of 139 weaknesses of 139 Humby, Clive 26, 27, 28 Hume, David 184–5 HunchLab 157–8 Huntington’s disease 110 IBM 97–8 see also Deep Blue Ibrahim, Rahinah 197–8 Idaho Department of Health and Welfare budget tool 16 arbitrary numbers 16–17 bugs and errors 17 Excel spreadsheet 17 legally unconstitutional 17 naive trust 17–18 random results 17 cuts to Medicaid assistance 16–17 Medicaid team 17 secrecy of software 17 Illinois prisons 55, 56 image recognition 11, 84–7, 211n13 inferred data 32–4, 35 personality traits 40 Innocence Project 164 Instagram 36 insurance 30–1 genetic tests for Huntington’s disease 110 life insurance stipulations 109 unavailability for obese patients 106 intelligence tracking prevention 47 internet browsing history 36–8 anonymous 36, 37 de-anonymizing 37–8 personal identifiers 37–8 sale of 36–7 Internet Movie Database (IMDb) 181–2 intuition see human intuition jay-walking 129 Jemaah Islam 198 Jemaah Islamiyah 198 Jennings, Ken 97–8 Jeopardy!

Abolish Silicon Valley: How to Liberate Technology From Capitalism
by Wendy Liu
Published 22 Mar 2020

cntn_id=100660. 14 See https://medium.com/transit-app/welcome-to-scootopia-we-now-aggregate-all-electric-scooters-c31c7337d5e6. 15 I came across this suggestion in an interview with Aza Raskin, who co-founded the Center for Humane Technology, in issue 20 of Offscreen. 16 See, for example, “The Making of a YouTube Radical” by Kevin Roose for the New York Times, published June 8, 2019 at https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/08/technology/youtube-radical.html. 17 See “Barcelona is Leading the Fightback Against Smart City Surveillance” by Thomas Graham for WIRED, published May 18, 2018 at https://www.wired.co.uk/article/barcelona-decidim-ada-colau-francesca-bria-decode. 18 Senator Warren published details of the plan via Medium on March 8, 2019, at https://medium.com/@teamwarren/heres-how-we-can-break-up-big-tech-9ad9e0da324c. 19 Although the underlying protocols are open, and although web browsers typically rely on open source technology, most browser usage falls under the purview of private corporations who are able to build moats through integrations with their other products. Google’s Chrome browser alone commands more than half of all browser usage; Apple’s Safari is the nearest competitor. For an analysis of this situation, see “Google Chrome Is Poised to Swallow the Whole Internet” by Eric Limer for Popular Mechanics, published December 4, 2018 at https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a25400060/report-microsoft-kills-edge-google-chrome/. 20 For more on this, see Mark Fisher’s k-punk blog post about the London 2012 Olympic Games, at http://k-punk.abstractdynamics.org/archives/011918.html. 21 See, for example, “Where Will the Ad versus Ad Blocker Arms Race End?”

There's a War Going on but No One Can See It
by Huib Modderkolk
Published 1 Sep 2021

Jochem is sitting in GovCERT’s oval conference room when Hans Petri, a co-worker, walks in. Instantly, he knows something is wrong. Petri has been on watch duty and manning the helpline. He’s white as a sheet, moustache trembling. Jochem has never seen him like this. Petri tells him about a post on a Google forum. An Iranian is reporting that when he went to open Gmail he got a Google Chrome message warning him it wasn’t safe. The man doesn’t know what’s wrong exactly, but suspects someone is posing as Gmail. Specialists at the German CERT, GovCERT’s counterpart, have seen the post, too, and they also think it looks suspicious. According to them, however, the source of the problem isn’t at Google in Iran or the United States, but in Beverwijk, North Holland.

…

The problem is, not all websites in that network can be trusted. What looks like the national tax authority’s website might belong not to the tax authority but to criminals trying to steal login data. We have a system to solve that. Whenever a user goes to a website, their web browser checks if the site is legitimate. Google (Chrome), Microsoft (Explorer) and Firefox (Mozilla) don’t actually perform this check themselves: they outsource it to companies, like DigiNotar, that issue certificates. The system is comparable to a notary who verifies that parties to a transaction are who they say they are. DigiNotar is a digital notary firm that checks who the website you visit belongs to and if that website can be trusted.

Dragnet Nation: A Quest for Privacy, Security, and Freedom in a World of Relentless Surveillance
by Julia Angwin
Published 25 Feb 2014

“This suggests that 1st degree price discrimination might evolve from merely theoretical to practical and widely employed,” he concluded. * * * I wanted to block ad tracking. But first I had to sort through all the misinformation about how to block tracking. Many people believe that they can use Google Chrome’s “Incognito” mode or Microsoft Internet Explorer’s “InPrivate Browsing” mode to avoid being monitored online. But that is not true. Incognito mode is privacy protection against one threat: the person with whom you share a computer. It simply wipes away the tracking cookies that were generated during a Web-browsing session, once the session is completed.

…

See also specific agencies and laws auditing your data and Cypherpunks and e-mails and fighting unfair surveillance by Internet traffic and watch lists and Federal Privacy Act Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Feinstein, Dianne Fesabeelillah Services of NYC (FSNYC) Fight Club (film) file-sharing networks financial manipulation Financial Times fingerprinting Finkelhor, David FinSpy Firefox Firm, The (Bruce) First Amendment Flash Florida Department of Motor Vehicles Fogel, Karl Forbes Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978, 2008) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Foreign Policy ForeignPolicy.com Fort Hood shooting Foucault, Michel Fourteenth Amendment Fourth Amendment France Franken, Al freedom of association Freedom of Information Act (1966) freedom of speech FreePhoneTracer free software movement Freestylers Freitas, Nathan FreshDirect Frizzell, Trude Furniture.com fusion centers gag orders Gamma Group Garrett, Deborra Gass, John GenealogyArchives.com Geoweb Summit German Military Ciphers from February to November 1918 (Childs) Germany Nazi Ghostery Gill, Sharon Giorgio, Ed Gmail GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) Goldberg, Ian Goldberg, Jeffrey Goldman, Adam Gonzalez, Tony GoodHire.com Google auditing your data on surveillance problems and Google+ Google Buzz Google Chrome Google Dashboard Google Drive Google Glass Google Maps Google News Google Street View Google Web History Gorman, Siobhan government. See federal government; state and local governments; and specific agencies GPS tracking Graeber, David Graham, Robert Greene, David Griffin, Mike Guardian Guardian Project Gupta, Vinod Guthrie, Woody hackers Hadayet, Hesham Mohamed Hall of Mirrors Hancock, Jeff Hardin, Garrett Harlan, John Marshall Harper, Jim Harriton High School Harvey, Adam Hasan, Nidal Malik Hasbrouck, Edward Hashcat hashing Hayden, Michael Hayes-Beaty, Ashley Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996) Heinzerling, Lisa Hempel, Leon Hezbollah Highland Capital “High Terrorist Factor” list Hill, Kashmir Hilton, Paris Hinman, Donald Hirsch, Dennis Holmes, Harlo home address Home Depot Homeland Security Department (DHS) auditing your data and Hoover, J.

In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives
by Steven Levy
Published 12 Apr 2011

But she could not mask the bitterness when, after the Google browser came out, Google began promoting it with AdWords delivered to people who searched using the keyword “Mozilla.” “They’re actively trying to take people away from Firefox,” she complained. After the usual flurry of crazy alternatives for a code name, the team decided to call its browser Google Chrome. The moniker came from the term used to describe the frame, toolbars, menus, and other graphic elements that border a browser window. In a way, the name was counterintuitive, because Google wanted to strip off a lot of the decorative chrome seen in other browsers and create a sleek sports car of a browser.

…

Google Inc., 9–11, 358–62 Ayers, Charlie, 133–34, 154, 289 Babel Fish, 63 BackRub, 17, 18, 21–24, 26, 28–31; renamed Google, 30–31 Baidu, 4, 273, 279, 281, 292–98, 304, 305, 307 Bailey, David, 58, 59 Baker, Mitchell, 208 Bak, Lars, 209 Ballmer, Steve, 197, 282–83, 380 Barnes & Noble, Nook, 228 Barroso, Luiz, 197–98 BART system, 45, 56 Bartz, Carol, 346 Beard, Ethan, 375–76 Bechtolsheim, Andy, 28, 33–34, 73, 74 Bell, George, 29–30 Berkshire Hathaway, 147, 149 Berners-Lee, Tim, 15–16 Bezos, Jeff, 12, 34, 57, 80, 355, 363 Bharat, Krishna, 38–39, 40, 46, 54, 58, 239 Billington, James, 352 Bisciglia, Christophe, 199–200 Blogger, 101, 335, 374, 376 Bock, Laszlo, 141–42, 256–57, 259, 260 books: and Amazon, 355–56, 363 and class action lawsuit, 9–11, 358–67 digitization of, 11, 347–67 Google Book Settlement, 362–67 metadata in, 351 nondestructive scanning, 348–51, 353, 360 Ocean, 350–55 online future of, 352, 360 “orphan,” 357, 359, 366 payment for use of, 360–63 in public domain, 354 publishers of, 356–62 snippets of, 353, 356, 357, 362 and social good, 360–61, 364, 365, 366 transformative use of, 353–54 Boolean syntax, 36 Boorstin, Robert, 329 Braddi, Joan, 143 brain, virtual, 66, 67–68, 232, 385–86 Branson, Richard, 254 Bray, Tim, 136 Brilliant, Larry, 258 Brin, Michael, 274–75 Brin, Sergey, 3, 5, 16 achievements of, 53, 383 and advertising, 84, 86, 90, 92, 94, 95, 97, 101, 103–6, 108, 110–11, 334, 336–37 ambition of, 128, 139 and applications, 205, 207, 208, 210, 240–42 and artificial intelligence, 385–86 birth and early years of, 13–14, 274–75, 310 and birth of Google, 31–34 and Book Search, 11, 347, 350–52, 364 on capturing all the web, 22–24, 52, 58, 60 on changing the world, 6, 72, 97, 120, 125, 146, 232, 316, 384 and China, 267, 273–74, 276, 277–79, 283, 305, 307, 310–12 and eco-activism, 241 and email, 169–72, 174, 178, 179 and Excite, 29 and funding, 32, 33–34, 73–75 and government issues, 329 and IPO, 146–47, 149–54 and language translation, 63 and management, 74, 75–77, 79–82, 110, 143, 158–60, 162–66, 228, 235, 252–53, 260, 273, 373–74, 386, 387 marriage of, 126, 253 as Montessori kid, 121–25, 127–28, 149 and Obama, 316, 318, 329 and PageRank, 21–24, 48–49 and popular culture, 238 and privacy, 174, 176–77, 253–54, 337 and secrecy, 32, 72, 106, 218 and smart phones, 215–16, 224, 226–30, 234–36 and social networking, 372, 377–78, 380 and speed, 185, 207 and Stanford, 13–14, 16, 17, 28, 29, 34 and trust, 221, 237 values of, 127–28, 130, 132, 135, 139, 141, 146, 196, 275, 305, 364 and web links, 18, 51 and Yahoo, 344 and YouTube, 248, 264 browsers, 204–12 Google Chrome, 208–12, 220, 221, 228, 354 open-source, 204 as operating systems, 210–12 and privacy, 336–37 browser wars, 206, 283 Buchheit, Paul, 102, 259 and email, 167–71, 176, 178–80, 185, 370 and Google motto, 143–44, 170 Buffett, Warren, 147, 149 Burning Man, 76, 80 Bush, Vannevar, 15, 44 Buyer, Lise, 70, 148, 150, 151–52, 154 Buyukkokten, Orkut, 371 Buzz, 377–80 Cairns, Heather, 125 Campbell, Bill, 143, 158–60, 218, 237 Caribou (later, Gmail), 169–71 Cavanaugh, William, 366 Center for Democracy & Freedom, 337, 339 Cerf, Vinton, 222 Chan, Wesley, 113–15, 166, 205, 233–36, 291 Changchun, Li, 306 Chavez, Pablo, 329–30, 346 Chen, Steve, 243–44, 247–51, 264 Cheriton, David, 27–28, 33–34, 79 Cheung, Harry “Spider-Man,” 41, 125, 128 Chin, Denny, 9–10, 365–66 China, 276–314 aim to do good in, 279–80, 303–4, 313 bureaucracy of, 277–79, 280, 291, 295, 298, 304, 312 censorship in, 268, 273, 276, 277, 279, 280–81, 283–86, 290, 293, 295, 297–98, 303–8, 310–13 competition in, 278, 281, 292–98, 300, 305–6, 313 cooperation with government in, 279, 284–85, 292, 297, 299, 301, 302, 305 cultural differences in, 278, 290, 291, 292, 298, 302–3 Google closed in, 311–14, 383 Google’s Chinese name, 287–88 Google’s launch in, 287–89 license to operate in, 277, 279, 280, 295, 340 Obama town meeting in, 324 Olympic Games in, 304 recruitment in, 290–91 “red pockets” in, 297 search in Chinese language, 272–74, 280, 294, 299–300, 304, 306 security issues in, 267–68, 270, 298, 301–2, 303, 308–11, 313–14 stolen code in, 300, 309 and U.S.

…

.: and antitrust, 332–33, 366 and China, 284–87 and Internet access, 326–27 Cook, Scott, 80 copyrights: and Book Search, 352–54, 357–67 in China, 292 detecting violations of, 16, 174 evil violations of, 245, 367 law of, 353, 359, 360, 367 and lawsuits, 9–11, 328, 353, 358–62 and partner content, 264 safe harbor sites, 244 and YouTube, 244, 251, 261–62 Coughran, Bill, 301, 304, 310 Cowgill, Bo, 156 craigslist, 97, 239, 243 Credit Suisse, 148–49 Crosby, Wayne, 203 Crowley, Dennis, 373–74 Cruikshank, Lucas, 263–64 Cselle, Gabor, 240–41 Cui, Jin, 300 Cutts, Matt, 53–56, 58, 82, 155 Cyc, 47 D’Amato, Alfonse, 318 Danger, 213–14, 216 data: in the abstract, 19, 367 as basis of decision making, 3, 113, 161–62, 275, 319 compression of, 47, 100–101 payload, 343 public sources of, 341 data centers, 181–200, 256, 383 allocation of resources in, 202–3 basic requirements for, 191 cloud computing in, 181–200 expansion of, 182, 183, 250 and fiber ownership, 187–88 mapping the system in, 199 modular approach to, 189–90 power usage in, 189, 191, 194, 196–97, 211, 241 reducing information in, 199 redundancy in, 184 secrecy about, 181, 193 servers in, 181, 183, 187, 194 site selection in, 188–89, 191–94, 195–97 speed in, 184–87 Data Liberation Front, 354 data mining, 119, 180 data security laws, 343 Davidson, Alan, 329 Davies, Simon, 176 Dean, Jeffrey, 39, 43, 139 and advertising, 78, 102 and data centers, 197–200 and file system, 184 and MapReduce, 199–200 and web searches, 37–38, 42, 46–48 Design LLC, 191–93 Desimone, Josef, 134 Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 19–20, 22, 28, 37, 197 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 244, 251 Diller, Barry, 322 DLB Associates, 190 dMarc Broadcasting, 250 Dodgeball, 373–74 Doerr, John, 73, 74, 79–80, 143, 145, 147, 162–63, 204–5 Dory, 131, 323 DotOrg, 257–58 DoubleClick, 330–36 Downey, Brandon, 269 Dream, 217–18, 220, 221 Drummond, David, 175, 176 and Book Search, 351–52, 354, 356, 360, 364 and China, 276, 304–5, 309, 311–12 and Congress, 332–33 and lawsuits, 328 and Obama, 315 and YouTube, 247, 249, 250, 252 Dureau, Vincent, 265 Durie, Daralyn J., 366–67 EarthLink, 95 eBay, 15, 113, 318 Edison, Thomas, 13 Edwards, Doug, 140 eGroups, 30 Elbaz, Gil, 103 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 337, 339 email, 161, 167–81 and ads, 102, 170–73, 177, 179, 180 and cloud computing, 180–81 Gmail, see Gmail and privacy, 170–78, 211, 378 and revenues, 170–73 and storage, 168–69, 172, 179–80 Emerald Sea, 382–83 employees: and austerity period, 256–57, 258–59 contract workers, 257, 269 first, 34, 36, 37 as Googley, 4, 36, 138–40, 158, 159, 162, 270, 309 numbers of, 5, 134, 158, 164, 373, 386 pampered, 58, 133–38, 259 promotions of, 260 recruitment/hiring of, 35–41, 72, 138–43, 258–59, 266, 386 and security issues, 269–70 70–20–10 balance, 162, 323 teamwork, 162 and 20 percent rule, 124 wealth of, 155–57, 259 Engelbart, Douglas, 15 Epstein, Scott, 76–77 Eustace, Alan, 145–46, 215, 271, 281, 289, 301, 303, 308 Ewing, Jessica, 174 Excite, 20, 27, 28–30, 136, 268 Facebook, 309, 322, 369–71, 373, 375–77, 379–80, 382–83 face recognition, 232 Farrell, Carrie, 139 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 222, 223 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 331–34, 379 Feiken, Jennifer, 242–43, 244–45 fiber optics, ownership of, 187–88, 198, 199, 261 Figueroa, Liz, 176–78 Filo, David, 28, 344 Fino, Audrey, 49–50, 52, 60 Fischer, David, 98 Fisher, Darin, 204 Flake, Gary, 98 Fleischer, Peter, 338–39 forecasting, 119–20 Foursquare, 374 Fred (video channel), 263–64 FriendFeed, 259, 370 Friendster, 371 Gaia password system, 308–9 Garcia-Molina, Hector, 14, 16, 17, 18, 23, 33 Gates, Bill, 14, 179, 204, 219, 278, 282, 283, 344, 381 GDrive, 205, 211 Gelernter, David, Mirror Worlds, 59–60 Genachowski, Julius, 322, 326 Ghemawat, Sanjay, 42, 43, 47, 100, 184, 197, 198–200 Gibson, William, 7 Gilbert, Judy, 257, 258, 259, 260 Gilbert, Roy, 272 GIMP, 31 Girouard, Dave, 180 Glazer, David, 375, 376 Gmail, 171–81, 322 and applications, 219, 227, 233, 236 as Caribou, 169–71 and cloud computing, 180–81 launch of, 161, 171–72, 206 and privacy, 170–78, 211 and security breach, 267–68 and social networking, 375, 377 and speed, 185 Goetz, Thomas, 254 Gomes, Ben, 40, 54, 58, 67–68, 100 Gonzalez, Steven, 283 Goodger, Ben, 204 Google: and access to all the world’s information, 6, 10, 58, 59, 63, 67, 75, 130, 146, 173, 198, 215, 219, 275, 335, 340, 342–43, 356, 363 ads of, see advertising and antitrust issues, 330, 331–34, 343–47, 364 APM program, 1–2, 3–5, 161–62, 259 and applications, 200–212, 239 austerity time of, 83, 86, 252–53, 255–57, 258–59, 265–66, 272, 376 BackRub renamed as, 30–31 business plan for, 72, 75, 77–78, 95, 115, 138, 152, 201 changing the world, 6, 34, 39, 52, 97, 120, 125, 126, 146, 316, 319, 329, 349, 365, 367, 369 cheap equipment bought for, 33, 129, 183–84, 189 Code Yellow in, 186 conference rooms of, 136–37 culture (Googley) of, 3, 36, 121–28, 129–42, 159, 186–87, 364, 365, 370, 385 design guidelines for, 129–30, 132, 206–7 development of, 32–34, 35–37, 45–57, 58 “Don’t be evil” motto of, 6, 11, 143, 144–46, 150, 170, 238, 276, 285, 286, 366–67, 384–85 employees, see employees engineers as top dogs in, 129, 130, 158, 160, 161, 323 failure and redundancy built into, 183–84, 189, 198, 211, 255, 372 filing for incorporation, 34 funding of, 32, 33–34, 72–75, 79, 129, 182 global scope of, 196–97, 270–72; see also China growth of, 3, 5, 6, 11, 43, 99, 127–28, 130, 131–32, 143, 164, 183, 198, 238–42, 253, 259, 271 headquarters of, 34, 36, 43, 125–26, 127–28, 130 home page of, 31, 184–85 IPO of, 2, 70, 94, 108, 134, 146–57 lawsuits against, 9–11, 56, 98, 150–51, 244, 328–29, 353, 358–67 as learning machine, 45, 47, 48, 65–68, 173, 216, 239, 383, 385 management structure, 74, 75–77, 79–82, 110, 143, 147, 157–66, 235, 254–55, 273, 373–74, 386–87 mission and vision of, 3, 6, 75, 97, 117, 124–25, 132, 169, 175, 215, 238, 363, 365 moral purity of, 6, 97, 268, 356, 360, 367 name of, 30–31, 180 no customer support from, 230–31, 376 1-800-GOOG-411 directory assistance, 219, 229 and politics, 317–19, 329–30 profitability of, 3, 69–71, 72, 77–78, 79, 99, 130, 256, 383, 386 public image of, 57, 74–75, 76, 77, 126, 144, 153–54, 173, 176, 237, 328–29, 337, 343, 364, 366, 383–84 secrecy in, 49, 52, 56–57, 69–70, 72–73, 83, 93, 106–7, 108, 146, 164–65, 191, 198, 218, 260, 261, 354, 357 security issues in, 267–70, 308–10, 313–14 shares in, 147–49, 155–57, 252 speed as focus of, 31, 37, 42, 52, 184–87, 206, 207, 208–9, 272, 372–73 TGIF meetings, 130–31, 166 20 percent rule, 124 user data amassed by, 45–48, 59, 84, 144, 173–74, 185, 333–36 user focus of, 5, 77, 241–42 values of, 6, 143–46, 147, 198, 256–58, 275–76, 300, 307, 310, 321, 323, 336, 343, 354, 364, 370, 384–85 war rooms of, 42–43, 45, 176, 186, 206, 309–10, 379, 380–81 and Yahoo, 44–45, 57, 151 and YouTube, 199, 242–52, 260–65 Google Analytics, 114–15, 205, 233, 234 Google Answers, 102 Google Book Search, 11, 347–67 Google Book Settlement, 362–67 Google Calendar, 233, 236 Google cars, 385, 386 Google Catalogs, 348 Google Checkout, 229, 242 Google China, see China Google Chrome, 208–12, 220, 221, 228, 319, 321, 354 “Google dance,” 56 Google Desktop, 205 Google Docs, 203, 210, 211 Google Earth, 239–40, 299, 340 Google Elections Team, 318, 321 Google Fellows, 49 Google Fiber for Communities, 327 Google File System, 184 Google Flu Trends, 258 Google Goes to the Movies, 265 Google Goggles, 232 Google Grants, 98 Google Help Forums, 231 Google Image Search, 382 Google Instant, 68 Google Latitude, 338–40, 374 Google Libraries, 357–58, 359 Google Maps, 219, 227, 240, 298–99, 318, 338, 340, 383 Google News, 58, 124, 239 Google.org, 241, 257 Google Pack, 205 Google Print, 356–57, 359 Google Product Client Group, 204 Google Product Strategy (GPS) meetings, 6, 135, 171 Google Quick Search Box, 78 Google Scholar, 58 Google Security Team, 267–70 Google settlement, 9–11 Google Street View, 340–43, 383, 384, 385 Google Suggest, 306–7 Google Talk, 233, 322, 375 Google Toolbar, 204–5, 233, 234 Google University, 136 Google Video, 242–47, 249, 261, 263, 429–30 Google Voice, 234, 236 Google Wave, 376–77, 379 Google Website Optimizer, 320 Google Zeitgeist, 46, 249, 253 googolplex, 31, 43 Gordon, Cathy, 195–96, 356, 359 Gore, Al, 177, 218, 237, 278, 352 GoTo, 87–89, 99, 102 Gphone, 218, 222, 226 GPS device, 229, 232, 338 Graham, Bill, 353 GrandCentral, 233–34, 236 Griffin, Denise, 130, 173–75, 231 Gross, Bill, 87–89, 95, 98, 102–3 Grove, Andy, 80, 163, 325 Gu, Xuemei, 290–92, 308, 312 Gundotra, Vic, 219–20, 232, 337, 377, 382–83 Gutenberg, Johannes, 347 Hackborn, Dianne, 217 Haiti, earthquake in, 325–26 Hamoui, Omar, 227 Hanke, John, 239 Harding, Matt, 243 Harik, Georges, 100–102, 105, 127, 139 Harvard University, 357, 358 Hassan, Scott, 17–18, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32 Haugen, Frances, 351 Heath, Taliver, 323 Heilemann, John, 356 Hendrix, Jimi, 76 Hertzfeld, Andy, 206 Hewlett-Packard, 37, 124, 181 Hölzle, Urs, 76, 100, 125, 162, 182, 257, 379 and cloud computing, 180 and data centers, 188–90, 194, 198 hired by Google, 36–37, 38 on speed, 185–87 Urs-Quake of, 381–82 Horowitz, Bradley, 211, 376–78, 379, 382 Horvath, Jane, 335, 338 HTC, 214, 226, 228, 230, 237 HTML 5, 212 Huber, Jeff, 116 Huffman, Scott, 61 Hulu, 260–61 Hurley, Chad, 243–44, 247–51, 260, 264 HyperCard, 15 hypertext connections, 15, 27 IBM, 24, 25–26, 63, 286 Idealab, 87–88, 99 indexing, 20, 21–22, 26, 41–43 checkpointing in, 43 comprehensiveness in, 52–53 in-RAM system, 43–44, 47–48 mirror worlds in, 60 updating, 45, 56 information retrieval (IR), 20, 22, 110, 239 Inktomi, 36, 44, 88, 290 innovator’s dilemma, 98–99 Intel, 163, 167, 218 intellectual property (IP), 88–89, 176, 221 Internet: bottom-up management of, 158 in China, 273, 279, 284, 285, 305, 308, 311, 313, 324 and cloud computing, 180–81 and copyright issues, 355, 367 disruptive platform of, 275 and Haiti earthquake, 325–26 net neutrality, 222, 383–84 and news, 239 open spectrum on, 15, 222–25, 329–30, 333, 334, 383–84 profitability of, 69–71 redefining commerce, 117 and social networking, 369–83 and user data, 334–36 values of, 322, 367 video, 242–52, 265 wireless service, 223 Internet Archive, 362 Ivester, Devin, 135, 141 Java, 17–18 JavaScript, 53, 105, 168, 169, 208, 209 Jen, Mark, 164–65 Jobs, Steve, 75, 80, 143, 209–10, 218–22, 237–38 Jones, Mike, 328, 340–42 JotSpot, 201 Joy, Bill, 28 Justice Department, U.S., 236, 331, 344–47, 364, 365–66 Kahle, Brewster, 362, 365 Kamangar, Salar, 71–72, 74, 233, 235 and advertising, 86, 89, 91–92, 109, 113 and business plan, 72, 75, 201 and Google motto, 143–44 and YouTube, 248, 260–65 Karen, Alana, 97–98 Karim, Jawed, 243, 247, 250 Kay, Erik, 207 Keyhole, 239–40, 340 Keyword Pricing Index, 118 Khosla, Vinod, 28, 29 Kim, Jini, 166 Klau, Rick, 312, 318 Kleinberg, Jon, 24–26, 34, 38, 292 Knol, 240 Knuth, Donald, 14 Kohl, Herb, 332 Koogle, Timothy, 44 Kordestani, Omid, 75–76, 78, 81, 96, 97, 130, 155, 242 Krane, David, 69–70, 143, 144–45, 150, 156 Kraus, Joe, 28, 136, 201, 374–75 Kundra, Vivek, 322, 326 Kurzweil, Raymond, 66 language, translations, 55, 62–65 Lantos, Tom, 285–87 Larson, Mark, 208 Leach, Jim, 286 Lee, Kai-Fu: and China office, 4, 281–83, 289–90, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 298, 302, 303, 305, 307–8, 313 departure of, 307–8, 312 Lee, Steve, 338–39 Lenat, Douglas, 47 Leonard, Herman, 117 Lessig, Lawrence, 359, 360, 363 Levick, Jeff, 96, 110–11, 112–13 Levinson, Arthur, 218, 237 Li, Mark, 293, 298–99 Li, Robin (Yanhong), 26–27, 278, 292, 293, 298 Library of Congress, 352, 361 Liebman, Jason, 103–5 LinkAds, 102–3 Linux, 78, 182, 210 Litvack, Sanford “Sandy,” 345, 347 Liu, John, 296 Liu, Jun, 294, 303–4 long-tail businesses, 85, 105, 107, 118, 243, 334 Lu, Qi, 380 Lucovsky, Mark, 283 Luk, Ben, 290, 302 Maarek, Yoelle, 272 MacDonald, Brian, 380 Macgillivray, Alex “AMac,” 353–55 machine learning, 64–66, 100–101, 385 Malone, Kim (Scott), 107–8, 135 Manber, Udi, 44, 45, 57–58, 68, 240, 355, 380 MapReduce, 199–200 Marconi International Fellowship Award, 278 Markoff, John, 193 Matias, Yossi, 272 Mayer, Marissa, 36, 41, 381 and advertising, 78–79 and APM program, 1, 4, 5, 161–62, 259 and books, 348–50, 358, 365 and Gmail, 170–71 and Google culture, 121, 122, 126–27, 141, 142, 163, 164, 365 and Google motto, 143–44 and Google’s look, 206–7 and management structure, 160, 235 and social networking, 371–73, 375 and stock price, 155, 156–57 McCaffrey, Cindy, 3, 76, 77, 145, 150, 153, 164 McCarthy, John, 127 McLaughlin, Andrew: and China, 276–79, 283–84, 303, 304 and Obama administration, 316, 321, 322–23, 325–26, 327 and privacy, 176–78, 379 memex, 15, 44 Merrill, Douglas, 183 Mi, James, 276 Microsoft: and antitrust issues, 331–32, 344–45 and aQuantive, 331 Bing search engine, 186, 380–81 and books, 361, 363 and browser wars, 206, 283 and China, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 304 and competition, 70, 191, 197, 200–212, 218, 220, 266, 282–83, 331, 344–47, 363, 380–81 and Danger, 214 data centers of, 190 and disclosure, 108 and email, 168, 169, 179–80 Excel, 200 and Facebook, 370 Hotmail, 30, 168, 172, 180, 209 IE 7, 209 Internet Explorer, 204–7 and mapping, 342 monopolies of, 200, 331–32, 364 Office, 200, 202, 203 Outlook, 169 PowerPoint, 200, 203 and user data, 335 and values, 144 WebTV, 217 Windows, 200, 210, 212, 219, 331 Windows Mobile, 220 Word, 200 and Yahoo, 343–44, 346, 380 of yesterday, 369 MIDAS (Mining Data at Stanford), 16 Milgrom, Paul, 90 Miner, Rich, 215, 216 Mobile Accord, 325 mobile phones, 214–17, 219–22, 251 Moderator, 323–24 Mohan, Neal, 332, 336 Monier, Louis, 19, 20, 37 Montessori, Maria, 121, 124, 166 Montessori schools, 121–25, 129, 138, 149 Moonves, Leslie, 246 Moore’s Law, 169, 180, 261 Morgan Stanley, 149, 157 Moritz, Mike, 32, 73–74, 80, 147, 247–48, 249 Morozov, Evgeny, 379 Morris, Doug, 261 Mossberg, Walt, 94 Mowani, Rajeev, 38 Mozilla Firefox, 204, 206, 207–8, 209 Murdoch, Rupert, 249, 370 MySpace, 243, 375 name detection system, 50–52 Napier’s constant, 149 National Federation of the Blind, 365–66 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 65 National Science Digital Library, 347 National Security Agency (NSA), 310 Native Client, 212 navigation, 229, 232, 338 Nelson, Ted, 15 net neutrality, 222, 326–27, 330, 383–84 Netscape, 30, 75, 78, 147, 204, 206 Nevill-Manning, Craig, 129 Newsweek, 2, 3, 20, 179 New York Public Library, 354, 357 Nexus One, 230, 231–32 95th Percentile Rule, 187 Nokia, 341, 374 Norman, Donald, 12, 106 Norvig, Peter, 47, 62, 63, 138, 142, 316 Novell, 70 Obama, Barack, 315–21, 322, 323–24, 329, 346 Obama administration, 320–28 Ocean, 350–55 Och, Franz, 63–65 Oh, Sunny, 283, 297, 298 OKR (Objectives and Key Results), 163–64, 165, 186, 209, 325 Open Book Alliance, 362 Open Handset Alliance, 221–22 OpenSocial, 375–76 operating systems, 210–12 optical character recognition (OCR), 53, 349–50 Oracle, 220 Orkut, 371–73, 375 Otellini, Paul, 218 Overture, 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 98–99, 103, 150 Oxford University Press, 354, 357 Page, Larry, 3, 5 achievements of, 53, 383 and advertising, 84, 86–87, 90, 92, 94, 95–97, 114, 334, 336–37 ambition of, 12, 39, 73, 127–28, 139, 198, 215, 238, 362, 386–87 and applications, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 240–42, 340 and artificial intelligence, 62, 100, 246, 385–86 and BackRub/PageRank, 17, 18, 21–24, 26 and birth of Google, 31–34 and Book Search, 11, 347–52, 355, 357, 359, 361, 362, 364 on capturing all the web, 22–24, 52, 58, 63 on changing the world, 6, 13, 33, 39, 97, 120, 125, 146, 173, 232, 279, 316, 327, 361, 384–85 childhood and early years of, 11–13 and China, 267, 276, 277–78, 279–80, 283, 284, 305, 311 and data centers, 182–83 and eco-activism, 241 and email, 169–72, 174, 179 and Excite, 28–29 and funding, 32, 33–34, 73–75 and hiring practices, 139–40, 142, 182, 271, 386 imagination of, 14, 271 and IPO, 146–47, 149–54, 157 and machine learning, 66, 67 and management, 74, 75–77, 79–82, 110, 143, 158–60, 162–66, 228, 231, 235, 252–53, 254, 255, 260, 272, 273, 386–87 marriage of, 254 as Montessori kid, 121–25, 127–28, 149, 331, 387 and Obama, 315–16 and philanthropy, 257–58 and privacy, 174, 176–77, 337 and robots, 246, 385 and secrecy, 31–32, 70, 72–73, 106, 218 and smart phones, 214–16, 224, 225, 226–30, 234 and social networking, 372 and speed, 184–85, 207 and Stanford, 12–13, 14, 16–17, 28, 29, 34 and trust, 221, 237 values of, 127–28, 130, 132, 135, 139–40, 146, 196, 361, 364 and wealth, 157 and web links, 51 and YouTube, 248 PageRank, 3, 17, 18, 21–24, 27, 34, 38, 48–49, 53, 55, 56, 294 Palm, 216, 221 Park, Lori, 235, 258 Pashupathy, Kannan, 270–72, 277, 282 Passion Device, 230 Patel, Amit, 45–46, 82 and Google motto, 143–44, 146 patents, 27, 39, 89, 102, 221, 235, 237, 350 PayPal, 242, 243 peer-to-peer protocols, 234–35 Peters, Marybeth, 352 Phil, 99–103 Philip, Prince, 122 Picasa, 185–86, 187, 239 Pichai, Sundar, 205–6, 207–8, 209–12 Pichette, Patrick, 120, 150, 254–56 Pike, Rob, 241 Pittman, R.

Html5 Boilerplate Web Development
by Divya Manian
Published 17 Nov 2012

The following screenshot shows how a browser renders the default HTML5 Boilerplate 404 page, when HTML5 Boilerplate's .htaccess file is used: Forcing the latest IE version Internet Explorer utilizes a meta tag to decide whether it should render a site in compatibility mode or use the latest rendering engine to render it. Google Chrome has released a plugin named Chrome Frame , downloadable from https://developers.google.com/chrome/chrome-frame/ that, if installed on a user's computer, will provide the experience of a modern browser when the user uses older versions of Internet Explorer. Your site can opt-in to using this plugin on a user's computer, when your page is being viewed on older versions of Internet Explorer.

The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism
by Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias
Published 19 Aug 2019

The quick annexation of resources was justified by means of these abstract rationalizations that needed to make some sort of sense only to the colonizer. The Requerimientos of our times are known as end-user license agreements (EULA) or statements of rights and responsibilities (SRR). These documents spell out how newly discovered resources and their presumed owners are to be treated by colonizers. For instance, an earlier version of Google Chrome’s EULA stated that “you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display and distribute any Content which you submit, post or display on or through, the Services.”24 Meanwhile, Facebook’s privacy-settings page reassuringly informs users that “you’re in charge.

…

Silicon, October 8, 2013. http://www.silicon.co.uk/workspace/internet-of-things-contributed-feature-mll-telecom-needs-picture-128621. Warren, Samuel, and Louis Brandeis. “The Right to Privacy.” Harvard Law Review 4 (1890): 193–220. Warren, Tom. “Google Starts Testing Chrome’s Built-In Ad Blocker.” The Verge, August 1, 2017. https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/1/16074742/google-chrome-ad-blocker-canary-build-test. Waters, Richard. “Four Days That Shook the Digital Ad World.” Financial Times, July 29, 2016. . “Google Plays Down Impact of Data Rules.” Financial Times, April 25, 2018. . “Tim Cook Is Right to Kick Facebook over Its Data Privacy Failings.” Financial Times, March 30, 2018.

iPad: The Missing Manual, Fifth Edition
by J.D. Biersdorfer
Published 21 Nov 2012

Like Opera Mini, Dolphin for iPad offers a Speed Dial starter page to stash links to your most frequently visited sites. Don’t like tapping around for bookmarks or tabs to jump to other sites? Dolphin for iPad lets you assign on-screen gestures to web addresses. For example, just trace the outline of the letter G across the iPad’s glass and Dolphin can take you to the Google home page. Google Chrome. You can’t get very far on the Web without running into a Google site or app, and the company happens to make a free, iPad-ready version of its popular Chrome browser. Like its desktop counterpart, mobile Chrome offers the same clean interface, history-free “Incognito” mode for private browsing, and an unlimited number of open page tabs.

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Action Menu address book, Maintain Contacts–Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts Adobe Photoshop Express, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Adobe Photoshop Touch, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Adobe Reader, Find Alternatives to iWork AIFF files, Change Import Settings for Better Audio Quality, Change a Song’s File Format AIM, Social Networking on Your iPad Airplane Mode, Airplane Mode AirPlay, Beam Games to an Apple TV, The iTunes Window, Play Audiobooks, Play iPad Videos on Your TV, Edit Photos on the iPad, Play Slideshows on Your TV, Photo Stream on the Apple TV podcasts and, Play Audiobooks AirPrint, Print with Your iPad, See Maps in Different Views Alarm, Track Time With the iPad’s Clock Album List View (iTunes), Four Ways to Browse Your Collection alcohol-based cleansers, Keep the iPad Screen Clean alerts, Set Up an iPad Alert Allow Calls From (FaceTime), Hang Out the “Do Not Disturb” Sign Amazon, Read Other Ebooks on the iPad, Get Music from Other 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Keyboard Boingo, Use Public WiFi Hotspots Bookmarks, Read an iBook iBook, Read an iBook Brightness & Wallpaper, Change the iPad’s Wallpaper, Brightness & Wallpaper browsers, alternative, Use Other Web Browsers–Use Other Web Browsers, Use Other Web Browsers Buy (iBooks), Read an iBook Buy More Storage (iCloud), Set Up iCloud on Your iPad C cables, Play iPad Videos on Your TV–Play iPad Videos on Your TV, Play iPad Videos on Your TV, Play iPad Videos on Your TV CalDAV Account, Subscribe to an Online Calendar calendars, Syncing With iTunes, Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars–Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars, Use the iPad Calendar, Use the iPad Calendar–Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Set Up an iPad Alert, Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Maintain Contacts, iCloud alerts, Set Up an iPad Alert Entourage 2004, Set Up Your Calendars events, Use the iPad Calendar iCal, Set Up Your Calendars iCloud, Set Up Your Calendars Outlook Express, Maintain Contacts setting up, Set Up Your Calendars–Set Up Your Calendars, Set Up Your Calendars settings, iCloud subscribing to online, Subscribe to an Online Calendar syncing, Syncing With iTunes, Set Up Your Calendars using iPad calendar, Use the iPad Calendar–Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Subscribe to an Online Calendar, Subscribe to an Online Calendar Camera Roll, Add Picture and Video Attachments to Mail Messages, Send Messages, Share Your Video Clips, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera, Take Portraits with Photo Booth, Share and Print Photos, Set Up iCloud on Your iPad backups, Set Up iCloud on Your iPad deleting photos, Share and Print Photos cameras, Find the Home Button and Cameras, Your Home Screen Apps, Use Twitter, Shoot Your Own Videos, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera exposure adjustment, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera grid, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera shooting videos, Shoot Your Own Videos taking still photos, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera Twitter and, Use Twitter caps lock, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts cellular data service, Sign Up for Cellular Data Service, Check, Change, or Cancel Data Plans, Cellular Data (Wi-Fi + 4G/3G iPads Only) 4G/3G iPads, Cellular Data (Wi-Fi + 4G/3G iPads Only) account settings, Check, Change, or Cancel Data Plans cellular network, Airplane Mode, Cellular Data (Wi-Fi + 4G/3G iPads Only) characters, accented, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts Check for Updates, Update Apps Check Spelling, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts Chrome, Use Other Web Browsers cleaning screen, Keep the iPad Screen Clean–Protecting the iPad’s Screen, Protecting the iPad’s Screen Clear mobile broadband hotspot, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot cloud computing, Work with Online Apps–Work with Online Apps, Work with Online Apps, Work with Online Apps, Use iTunes in the Cloud iTunes in the Cloud service, Use iTunes in the Cloud ComiXology’s Comics app, Subscribe to ePublications Composers, Explore the Music Menu computers, Authorize Computers for iTunes and Home Sharing, Deauthorize Your Computer authorizing iTunes and Home Sharing, Authorize Computers for iTunes and Home Sharing deauthorizing iTunes, Deauthorize Your Computer contacts, Your Home Screen Apps, Use Information in Mail Messages, Use Information in Mail Messages, Syncing With iTunes, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, Maintain Contacts, iCloud adding photo, Maintain Contacts changing information, Maintain Contacts Copy, Use Information in Mail Messages Create New Contact, Use Information in Mail Messages FaceTime video call, Maintain Contacts mapping address, Maintain Contacts passing along information, Maintain Contacts sending messages, Maintain Contacts settings, iCloud syncing with iTunes, Syncing With iTunes Contents (iBooks), Read an iBook Contrast (Photos), Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Convert to AAC (iTunes), Change a Song’s File Format converting, Tour iTunes, Change a Song’s File Format large song files to smaller ones, Tour iTunes song’s file format, Change a Song’s File Format Copy, Use the Safari Action Menu Cover Flow (iTunes), Four Ways to Browse Your Collection Cover Lock/Unlock, General Create MP3 Version, Change a Song’s File Format Crop (Photos), Edit Photos on the iPad Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text–Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Cellular: 4G LTE, 4G, and 3G Networks, Pick an AT&T Service Plan, Pick an AT&T Service Plan, Pick a Sprint Service Plan, Pick a Sprint Service Plan, Pick a Verizon Service Plan, Pick a Verizon Service Plan, Sign Up for Cellular Data Service, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps AT&T DataConnect plans, Pick an AT&T Service Plan Data Calculator, Sign Up for Cellular Data Service data plans, Cellular: 4G LTE, 4G, and 3G Networks, Pick an AT&T Service Plan, Pick a Sprint Service Plan, Pick a Verizon Service Plan Sprint service plans, Pick a Sprint Service Plan The Daily, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps Verizon Wireless service plans, Pick a Verizon Service Plan D DataViz Documents to Go Premium, Find Alternatives to iWork Date & Time, General Deauthorize Computer (iTunes), Deauthorize Your Computer dictation, Enter Text By Voice–Using Dictation on the iPad, Using Dictation on the iPad, Dictation Options for Older iPads Dictionary (iBooks), Use the Dictionary dictionary, global, Use the iPad’s Global Dictionary Digital AV Adapter, Play Slideshows on Your TV Do Not Disturb, Adjust Your FaceTime Settings, Hang Out the “Do Not Disturb” Sign, Hang Out the “Do Not Disturb” Sign, Do Not Disturb (iOS 6 only) Dock Connector, What’s in the Box, Connect Through iPad Jacks and Ports, Keep the iPad Screen Clean, Transfer Photos with iPad Camera Adapters, Play Slideshows on Your TV to VGA Adapter, Play Slideshows on Your TV Documents to Go Premium app, Find Alternatives to iWork Dolphin Browser for iPad, Use Other Web Browsers double-tap (finger move), Finger Moves for the iPad Downloads (iTunes), The iTunes Window drag (finger move), Finger Moves for the iPad Dropbox, Work with Online Apps, Find Alternatives to iWork DVDs, Video Formats That Work on the iPad E EDGE network, Use a Cellular Data Network email, Activate and Set Up Your iPad Over WiFi, Your Home Screen Apps, Save and Mail Images from the Web, Save and Mail Images from the Web, Use the Safari Action Menu, Set Up an Email Account (or Two), Copy your Desktop Mail Settings Using iTunes, Copy your Desktop Mail Settings Using iTunes, Tour the Mail Program, Tour the Mail Program, Tour the Mail Program, Tour the Mail Program, Tour the Mail Program, Tour the Mail Program, File Attachments, File Attachments–Use Information in Mail Messages, Use Information in Mail 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settings, Adjust Mail Settings attachments, File Attachments changing minimum font size, Adjust Mail Settings Check Mail, Tour the Mail Program Compose New Message, Tour the Mail Program contacts, Use Information in Mail Messages Copy, Use Information in Mail Messages custom signature, Adjust Mail Settings default mail account, Adjust Mail Settings deleting unwanted accounts, Adjust Mail Settings file attachments, File Attachments–Use Information in Mail Messages, Use Information in Mail Messages, Use Information in Mail Messages Forward, Reply, Print, Tour the Mail Program images from Web, Save and Mail Images from the Web IMAP accounts, POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad–POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad, POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad, POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad iMessage, Send Messages–Send Messages, Send Messages loading remote images, Adjust Mail Settings Mail settings, Mail, Contacts, Calendars managing messages, Tour the Mail Program, Format Your Messages, Manage 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Using iTunes settings, iCloud syncing with iTunes, Copy your Desktop Mail Settings Using iTunes, POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad videos, Share Your Video Clips VIP Mailbox, Set Up a VIP Mailbox Web-based email accounts, Webmail On the iPad emoticons, Send Messages eMusic, Get Music from Other Online Stores Enable Caps Lock, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts Enhance (Photos), Edit Photos on the iPad Entourage, Set Up Your Calendars, Subscribe to an Online Calendar meeting invitations, Subscribe to an Online Calendar Equalizer, Improve Your Tunes with the Graphic Equalizer–Improve Your Tunes with the Graphic Equalizer, Improve Your Tunes with the Graphic Equalizer, Improve Your Tunes with the Graphic Equalizer Erase Data, General Events, viewing photos by, Find Pictures on Your iPad Exchange, Subscribe to an Online Calendar Exposure (Photos), Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps F Facebook, Surf the Web, Take a Safari Tour, Zoom and Scroll Through Web Pages, Use Safari Reader, Use the Safari Action Menu, Social Networking on Your iPad, Social Networking on Your iPad, Use Facebook on the iPad, More Ways to Get Your Game On, iTunes and Social Media–Get iTunes News on Twitter, Get iTunes News on Twitter, View Pictures on Your iPad, Share and Print Photos, Facebook (iOS 6 only) Game Center and, More Ways to Get Your Game On iTunes, iTunes and Social Media–Get iTunes News on Twitter, Get iTunes News on Twitter posting photo to, View Pictures on Your iPad, Share and Print Photos Faces, Find Pictures on Your iPad FaceTime, The iPad With Retina Display vs. the iPad 2, Meet the iPad Mini, Find the Home Button and Cameras, Your Home Screen Apps, Make Video Calls with FaceTime, Adjust Your FaceTime Settings, Use Skype to Make Internet Calls, Tour the Mail Program, Maintain Contacts, Reminders (iOS 6 only) settings, Reminders (iOS 6 only) Find My iPad, Activate and Set Up Your iPad Over WiFi, Set Up iCloud on Your iPad, Find a Lost iPad Find My iPhone, Find a Lost iPad finger moves, 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Get Started with iWork–Get Started with iWork, Get Started with iWork, Get Started with iWork, Tips for Working with Text and Photos, Create Presentations in Keynote, Import, Export, and Share iWork Files, iWork by Email, iWork by iTunes Sync, iWork by Online Server, Troubleshooting iWork Files–Getting Help with iWork, Troubleshooting iWork Files, Troubleshooting iWork Files, Troubleshooting iWork Files, Troubleshooting iWork Files, Troubleshooting iWork Files, Getting Help with iWork, Getting Help with iWork, Find Alternatives to iWork–Find Alternatives to iWork, Find Alternatives to iWork, Find Alternatives to iWork, Find Alternatives to iWork, Using iWork with iCloud on the Web alternatives, Find Alternatives to iWork–Find Alternatives to iWork, Find Alternatives to iWork fonts, Troubleshooting iWork Files getting help, Getting Help with iWork getting started, Get Started with iWork–Get Started with iWork, Get Started with iWork iTunes Sync, iWork by iTunes Sync linked files, 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Mini, Activate and Set Up Your iPad via USB Lightning port, Connect Through iPad Jacks and Ports, Keep the iPad Screen Clean, Play iPad Videos on Your TV, Play iPad Videos on Your TV Lightning-to-30-pin adapter, Play iPad Videos on Your TV Location Services, Privacy and Location Services, Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5) Lock Rotation, Use the Mute/Lock and Volume Buttons Lock screen, Use the Home Button, General LTE network, Use a Cellular Data Network M M4V files, Video Formats That Work on the iPad magazine apps, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps–Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps Maps, Your Home Screen Apps, Use Twitter, Find Your Way with Maps, Find Your Way with Maps, Find Your Way with Maps, Find Your Way with Maps, See Maps in Different Views, See Maps in Different Views, Locate Your Position Using GPS, Locate Your Position Using GPS, Get Directions on the Map–Turn-by-Turn Directions, Get Directions on the Map, Turn-by-Turn Directions, 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folder (iTunes), Where iTunes Stores Your Files Now Playing, You’re the Critic: Rate Your Music, Control the Now Playing Screen playing, Play Music syncing iTunes, Sync Music, Audiobooks, and Podcasts Music (Photos app), Play Slideshows on Your iPad Mute, Use the Mute/Lock and Volume Buttons MySpace, Social Networking on Your iPad N nano-SIM card, What’s in the Box network, Cellular: 4G LTE, 4G, and 3G Networks, Use a Cellular Data Network new features, Track Time With the iPad’s Clock–Timer, Timer, Hang Out the “Do Not Disturb” Sign, Set App Privacy Settings–Privacy and Location Services, Privacy and Location Services Clock app, Track Time With the iPad’s Clock–Timer, Timer Do Not Disturb, Hang Out the “Do Not Disturb” Sign Privacy settings page, Set App Privacy Settings–Privacy and Location Services, Privacy and Location Services New Playlist From Selection (iTunes), Playlist-Making Method #3 newspaper apps, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps–Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps Newsstand, Your Home Screen Apps, Use Newsstand for Your ePeriodicals Nexvio’s ReelDirector, Edit Videos with iMovie Nook app for iPad, Read Other Ebooks on the iPad Notepad, Find Alternatives to iWork Notes, Your Home Screen Apps, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Take Notes–Take Notes, Take Notes, Take Notes, Take Notes, Take Notes, Reminders (iOS 6 only) new note, Take Notes settings, Reminders (iOS 6 only) stashing text, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text syncing, Take Notes with iCloud, Take Notes Notifications, Organize Your Life With the iPad’s Apps, Use Notifications, Customizing Notifications, Do Not Disturb (iOS 6 only) Novatel’s MiFi, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot Now Playing, You’re the Critic: Rate Your Music, Control the Now Playing Screen, Control the Now Playing Screen Numbers (iWork), Get Productive with iWork, Meet iWork, Create Spreadsheets in Numbers–Create Spreadsheets in Numbers, Create Spreadsheets in Numbers spreadsheets, Create Spreadsheets in Numbers–Create Spreadsheets in Numbers, Create Spreadsheets in Numbers O Office, Find Alternatives to iWork Office 365, Work with Online Apps oleophobic coating, Protecting the iPad’s Screen On/Off button, Turn the iPad On and Off online apps, Work with Online Apps–Work with Online Apps, Work with Online Apps, Work with Online Apps OnLive Desktop, Find Alternatives to iWork OnLive iPad app, Find Alternatives to iWork Opera Mini, Use Other Web Browsers Organize Library (iTunes), Where iTunes Stores Your Files OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion), Use iCloud Tabs, More Ways to Get Your Game On Game Center, More Ways to Get Your Game On iCloud Tabs, Use iCloud Tabs Outlook Express, Maintain Contacts Outlook meeting invitations, Subscribe to an Online Calendar Outpost 2, Work with Online Apps Overdrive from Sierra Wireless, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot P Page Navigator (iBooks), Read an iBook Pages (iWork), Get Productive with iWork–Tips for Working with Text and Photos, Meet iWork, Meet iWork, Get Started with iWork, Get Started with iWork–Tips for Working with Text and Photos, Get Started with iWork, Get Started with iWork, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Tips for Working with Text and Photos, Tips for Working with Text and Photos documents, Get Started with iWork–Tips for Working with Text and Photos, Get Started with iWork, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages, Tips for Working with Text and Photos text and photos, Create Documents in Pages, Create Documents in Pages Paint, Find Alternatives to iWork Passcode Lock, General Paste, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text–Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text PDF files, File Attachments, Sync Books Using iTunes phishing, Surf Securely Photo Booth, Find the Home Button and Cameras, Your Home Screen Apps, Transfer Photos with iPad Camera Adapters, Take Portraits with Photo Booth Photo Stream, Automatically Download Photos with Photo Stream, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Set Up iCloud on Your iPad, Stream Photos with iCloud, Photo Stream for Windows Users, Share Your Photo Stream, iCloud, Music automatically downloading, Automatically Download Photos with Photo Stream finding photos, Find Pictures on Your iPad sharing, Share Your Photo Stream, Music photos, Your Home Screen Apps, Add Picture and Video Attachments to Mail Messages, Photo Sharing with iTunes, Automatically Download Photos with Photo Stream, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad–Working with Albums, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Working with Albums, Edit Photos on the iPad, Edit Photos on the iPad, Edit Photos on the iPad, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps, Videos albums, Find Pictures on Your iPad Contrast, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Crop, Edit Photos on the iPad downloading with Photo Stream, Automatically Download Photos with Photo Stream editing, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps exposure, Take Photos With the iPad’s Camera, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Faces, Find Pictures on Your iPad file attachments, Add Picture and Video Attachments to Mail Messages finding on iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad–Working with Albums, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Working with Albums Home Sharing, Photo Sharing with iTunes Places, Find Pictures on Your iPad Red Eye, Edit Photos on the iPad Rotate, Edit Photos on the iPad Saturation, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps settings, Videos third-party apps, Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps viewing, Find Pictures on Your iPad by Events, Find Pictures on Your iPad Picture Frame, Turn the iPad into a Picture Frame, General, Picture Frame pinch (finger move), Finger Moves for the iPad Pinterest, Social Networking on Your iPad Places, Find Pictures on Your iPad Play Each Slide For… (Photos), Play Slideshows on Your iPad podcasts, The iTunes Window, Play Audiobooks, Use the Podcasts App iOS 6, Use the Podcasts App library’s contents, The iTunes Window POP accounts, POP3 and IMAP Accounts on the iPad Print, Use the Safari Action Menu printing, Print with Your iPad, Share and Print Photos Privacy, Set App Privacy Settings–Privacy and Location Services, Privacy and Location Services, Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5) settings page, Set App Privacy Settings–Privacy and Location Services, Privacy and Location Services Private Browsing, Erase the History List, Surf Securely, Safari Project Gutenberg, Read Other Ebooks on the iPad protecting iPad, Protect Your iPad punctuation (keyboard shortcut), iPad Keyboard Shortcuts Purchase History (iTunes), See Your iTunes Purchase History and Get iTunes Store Help Purchased (iBooks), Browse and Search for Books Purchased on iPad list, The iTunes Window Q QuickOffice Pro HD, Find Alternatives to iWork QuickTime, Stream Web Audio and Video QuickTime Pro, Troubleshoot Syncing Problems, Video Formats That Work on the iPad quitting frozen app, Troubleshooting Basics R ratings (iTunes), You’re the Critic: Rate Your Music Red Eye (Photos), Edit Photos on the iPad Reminders, Your Home Screen Apps, Organize Your Life With the iPad’s Apps, Use Reminders, Use Reminders, Reminders (iOS 6 only) repair shops, Find an iPad Repair Shop Repeat (Photos), Play Slideshows on Your iPad Replace, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Replace Text Reset, General resetting iPad, Troubleshooting Basics–Reset Your iPad, Reset Your iPad, Reset Your iPad restarting, Troubleshooting Basics restoring software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software–Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software Restrictions, General Retina display, Meet the iPad, The iPad With Retina Display vs. the iPad 2, Meet the iPad Mini returning to Home screen, Use Multitasking Gestures on the iPad Reuters News Pro, Find Newspaper and Magazine Apps Rotate (Photos), View Pictures on Your iPad, Edit Photos on the iPad RSS Feed, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders RTF files, File Attachments S Safari, Your Home Screen Apps, Take a Safari Tour–Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour, Use Browser Tabs in Safari, Use Browser Tabs in Safari, Use Safari’s Reading List, Jump to Other Web Pages, Use Autofill to Save Time, Create and Use Bookmarks, Add New Bookmarks on the iPad, Add New Bookmarks on the iPad, Make Home Screen Bookmarks, Call Up Your History List, Call Up Your History List, Call Up Your History List, Call Up Your History List, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Sync Bookmarks–Save and Mail Images from the Web, Save and Mail Images from the Web, Use the Safari Action Menu, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, Surf Securely, General, Safari, Safari Accept Cookies, Surf Securely Action menu, Take a Safari Tour, Use the Safari Action Menu address bar, Take a Safari Tour Advanced, Surf Securely Always Show Bookmarks Bar, Safari Autofill, Use Autofill to Save Time Back, Forward, Take a Safari Tour Bookmarks, Take a Safari Tour, Create and Use Bookmarks, Add New Bookmarks on the iPad, Add New Bookmarks on the iPad, Make Home Screen Bookmarks, Call Up Your History List, Call Up Your History List, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders, Sync Bookmarks–Save and Mail Images from the Web, Save and Mail Images from the Web adding new, Add New Bookmarks on the iPad editing and organizing, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders History button, Call Up Your History List Clear Cache, Surf Securely Clear History, Surf Securely cookies, Surf Securely History, Call Up Your History List JavaScript, Surf Securely Reading List, Use Safari’s Reading List, Jump to Other Web Pages, Call Up Your History List RSS Feed, Edit and Organize Bookmarks and Folders screen elements, Take a Safari Tour–Take a Safari Tour, Take a Safari Tour Search box, Take a Safari Tour security, Surf Securely settings, Safari Stop, Reload, Take a Safari Tour tabs, Use Browser Tabs in Safari, Use Browser Tabs in Safari Safari Reader, Use Safari Reader, Use the Safari Action Menu Satchel, Work with Online Apps Satellite (Map view), See Maps in Different Views Saturation (Photos), Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps Saved Photos album, Delete Photos schools (online courses), Go to School at iTunes U screen, Keep the iPad Screen Clean–Protecting the iPad’s Screen, Protecting the iPad’s Screen Screen Brightness (iBooks), Read an iBook Screen Care Kit for iPad, Protect Your iPad Screen Orientation Lock, Use the Mute/Lock and Volume Buttons, Read an iBook searching, Search the iPad, Take Notes, Search for Apps, Search for Songs in iTunes, Find Pictures on Your iPad–Working with Albums, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Working with Albums, General for apps, Search for Apps for photos on iPad, Find Pictures on Your iPad–Working with Albums, Find Pictures on Your iPad, Working with Albums iTunes, Search for Songs in iTunes Notes, Take Notes Spotlight, Search the iPad, General Select a Wireless Network, Get Your WiFi Connection Set Up Personal Hotspot, Use the iPad as a Personal Hotspot settings, iPad Settings–App Preferences, Tour the iPad’s Settings, Airplane Mode, Airplane Mode, WiFi, WiFi, Bluetooth, Do Not Disturb (iOS 6 only), Notifications, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, General, Sounds, Picture Frame, Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5), Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5), iCloud, iCloud, iCloud, iCloud, Mail, Contacts, Calendars, Notes, Reminders (iOS 6 only), Reminders (iOS 6 only), Messages, FaceTime, Maps (iOS 6 only), Safari, Safari, iTunes & App Stores (iOS 6) / Store (iOS 5), Music, Music, Music, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5), Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5), iBooks, App Preferences Accessibility, General Airplane Mode, Airplane Mode Bluetooth, Bluetooth calendars, iCloud Camera, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5) Contacts, iCloud FaceTime, FaceTime general, General, General iPad Cover Lock/Unlock, General Usage, General iBooks, iBooks iCloud, iCloud International, General keyboard, General Location Services, Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5) Mail, Contacts, Calendars, Mail, Contacts, Calendars Maps, Maps (iOS 6 only) Messages, Messages Music, Music Notes, Notes Notifications, Notifications Passcode Lock, General Photos, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5) Picture Frame, Picture Frame Privacy, Privacy (iOS 6) / Location Services (iOS 5) Reminders, Reminders (iOS 6 only) Restrictions, General Safari, Safari Side Switch, General Store, iTunes & App Stores (iOS 6) / Store (iOS 5) video, Music VoiceOver, General Wi-Fi, Airplane Mode, WiFi Shared (iTunes), The iTunes Window Shared Photo Streams, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5) sharing, Share and Print Photos, Stream Photos with iCloud–Photo Stream on the Apple TV, Photo Stream on the Apple TV, Share Your Photo Stream–Deleting Photos and Shared Streams, Deleting Photos and Shared Streams, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5) Photo Stream, Share Your Photo Stream–Deleting Photos and Shared Streams, Deleting Photos and Shared Streams Photo Streams, Photos & Camera (iOS 6) / Photos (iOS 5) photos, Share and Print Photos with iCloud, Stream Photos with iCloud–Photo Stream on the Apple TV, Photo Stream on the Apple TV Show in Playlist (iTunes), Change or Delete an Existing Playlist Shuffle (Photos), Play Slideshows on Your iPad Side Switch, Use the Mute/Lock and Volume Buttons, General Sierra Wireless, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot Siri, Meet the iPad Mini, Activate and Set Up Your iPad Over WiFi, Command Your iPad with Siri, Using Siri, Enter Text By Voice, Dictation Options for Older iPads, Search the iPad, General dictation, Enter Text By Voice, Dictation Options for Older iPads searching, Search the iPad Skype, Use Skype to Make Internet Calls Sleep, Turn the iPad On and Off Sleep/Wake switch, Find the Home Button and Cameras slide (finger move), Finger Moves for the iPad slideshows, Play Slideshows on Your iPad–Play Slideshows on Your TV, Play Slideshows on Your TV, Play Slideshows on Your TV Smart Covers, Protect Your iPad Smart Playlists (iTunes), Smart Playlists: Another Way for iTunes to Assemble Song Sets–Smart Playlists: Another Way for iTunes to Assemble Song Sets, Smart Playlists: Another Way for iTunes to Assemble Song Sets, Smart Playlists: Another Way for iTunes to Assemble Song Sets social networking, Social Networking on Your iPad–Social Networking on Your iPad, Social Networking on Your iPad, Social Networking on Your iPad software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software–Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software restoring, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software–Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software, Start Over: Restore Your iPad’s Software sorting by, Explore the Music Menu, Explore the Music Menu, Explore the Music Menu, Make Playlists albums, Explore the Music Menu, Make Playlists playlists, Explore the Music Menu song title, Explore the Music Menu Sound Check, Music SoundCloud, Make Music with GarageBand Sounds, Sounds Speak Auto-Text, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts, General speed control in audiobooks, Play Audiobooks spelling, iPad Keyboard Shortcuts Spotlight Search, General spread (finger move), Finger Moves for the iPad Sprint, Cellular: 4G LTE, 4G, and 3G Networks, Sign Up for Cellular Data Service, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot data calculator, Sign Up for Cellular Data Service mobile hotspots, Use a Mobile Broadband Hotspot Standard (Map view), See Maps in Different Views Stopwatch, Stopwatch Straighten (Photos), Find Third-Party Photo-Editing Apps streaming, Use the Home Button to Switch Apps, Stream Web Audio and Video–Stream Web Audio and Video, Stream Web Audio and Video, Stream Web Audio and Video, Stream and Mirror Files with AirPlay–Video Mirroring, Stream and Mirror Files with AirPlay, Video Mirroring, Video Mirroring, Get Video Onto Your iPad apps and websites, Get Video Onto Your iPad audio and video, Stream Web Audio and Video–Stream Web Audio and Video, Stream Web Audio and Video, Stream Web Audio and Video mirroring files and, Stream and Mirror Files with AirPlay subscriptions, Subscribe to ePublications switching between open apps, Use Multitasking Gestures on the iPad syncing, Sync Your iPad with iTunes, Sync Your iPad with iTunes–USB or Wi-Fi Sync?

The Choice Factory: 25 Behavioural Biases That Influence What We Buy
by Richard Shotton
Published 12 Feb 2018

Just as browser choice gave Housman a clue about job performance, it can identify brand preference for marketers. Since ads can be targeted by browser type you can easily put this information to profitable use: mainstream brands should target default browsers, such as Internet Explorer, and less orthodox choices should target non-default browsers, like Google Chrome. Crucially, it’s a signal that is rarely used by brands so it helps avoid the winner’s curse. When it comes to identifying target audiences, brands need to remember the words of legendary creative director, John Hegarty: When the world zigs, zag. 2. Identify the moment when a target audience becomes valuable Advertisers target ABC1s because they have a high disposable income.

Virtual Competition
by Ariel Ezrachi and Maurice E. Stucke
Published 30 Nov 2016

Basically, when the gazelles are visiting the super-platform’s own apps and websites, the super-platforms can continue to track them and collect data on them, but third parties, like the smaller apps, cannot. So when a user activates the Do Not Track signal, “if he or she enters a query into the Google search engine, signs onto . . . Gmail, or uses Google Chrome or Android, he or she will still be allowing Google to gather information and use it to deliver targeted ads.”64 Here the Frenemy relationship is tilting toward capture. The proposed Do Not Track standard doesn’t really prevent tracking. Instead, the main function of the proposed standard “will be to limit the ability of any potential rivals to collect comparable data.”65 This is key as users spend more time on mobile phones, whose operating systems the super-platforms control, and on the super-platforms’ own apps and ser vices.

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We take that information, add our analysis, and sell it to companies to help them audit and manage their relationships with these marketing tools. None of the information we share is about our users, nor is it stored in a way that could be used to trace back to our users”; https://www.ghostery.com/support/faq /ghostery-add-on/how-does-ghostery-make-money-from-the-add-on/. 41. Google Chrome., Turn “Do Not Track” On or Off, https://support.google.com /chrome/answer/2790761?hl= en. 42. You can control your settings for ads served by Google that you see within a browser by visiting the Ads Settings page in that browser. Some apps may allow you to view web pages without launching your mobile device’s default web browser.

Competition Overdose: How Free Market Mythology Transformed Us From Citizen Kings to Market Servants
by Maurice E. Stucke and Ariel Ezrachi
Published 14 May 2020

To target us with behavioral ads, the advertisers bid against each other on the Gamemaker’s advanced real-time automated bidding platform.88 For an example of how this works, let’s focus on display ads auctioned through Google’s Display Network, which, according to the company, “reaches 90% of Internet users worldwide, across millions of websites, news pages, blogs, and Google sites like Gmail and YouTube.”89 Suppose you want to make an Adirondack chair. In googling for free woodworking plans, you choose, from among the links, the website BuildEazy.90 As your web browser, say Safari or Google Chrome, opens the BuildEazy website, for an infinitesimal fraction of a second the opening page has an empty space marked for a display ad. Your browser sends a request to BuildEazy’s ad server to see if the ad space is already committed. Probably not—if BuildEazy’s New Zealand owner is like many small and mid-sized publishers.

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George Cox, “Researchers Find Google Collects More Data than Users Think,” The Spectrum, September 3, 2018, https://www.thespectrum.com/story/news/local/mesquite/2018/09/03/p-c-periodicals-google-collects-more-data-than-users-think/1161460002/; Geoffrey A. Fowler, “Goodbye, Chrome: Google’s Web Browser Has Become Spy Software,” Washington Post, June 21, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/06/21/google-chrome-has-become-surveillance-software-its-time-switch/?utm_term=.25cc4b42cd7b (privacy experiment found Chrome ushered more than 11,000 tracker cookies into the tested browser—in a single week). 77.Autorité Report, 57; ACCC Preliminary Report, 48. 78.ACCC Preliminary Report, 48; Autorité Report, 57: “Google and Facebook also collect massive volumes of data generated on third-party sites that can also be used for advertising campaigns.” 79.Autorité Report, 38 (discussing how Google and Facebook can negotiate with ad blocker publishers to receive special treatment and not have their ads blocked [this is the case for Google, which negotiated with Adblock (Eyeo) to be put on a list of authorized ads] and have the technological and human resources to find ways around ad-blocking technologies [this is the case for Facebook, which has developed techniques for rendering ad blockers ineffective]). 80.Bundeskartellamt, “Bundeskartellamt Prohibits Facebook” (noting how Facebook can collect “an almost unlimited amount of any type of user data from third-party sources, allocate these to the users’ Facebook accounts, and use them for numerous data processing processes.

AngularJS
by Brad Green and Shyam Seshadri
Published 15 Mar 2013

“Pause on all exceptions” is a very useful option that is built in to most developer tools nowadays. The debugger will halt when an exception occurs, and highlight the line causing it. Batarang And then, of course, we have Batarang. Batarang is a Chrome extension that adds AngularJS knowledge to the built-in Developer Tools suite in Google Chrome. Once installed (you can get it from http://bit.ly/batarangjs), it adds another tab to the Developer Tools panel of Chrome called AngularJS. Have you ever wondered what the current state of your AngularJS application is? What each model, each scope, and each variable currently contains? How is the performance of your application?

Terms of Service: Social Media and the Price of Constant Connection
by Jacob Silverman
Published 17 Mar 2015

(Imagine the backlash if the U.S. Postal Service started opening every letter, reading its contents, and inserting a contextually relevant advertisement. On the other hand, they do already scan the address information—the metadata—of every letter, cataloguing it for America’s intelligence services.) Some browsers, such as Google Chrome and Mozilla’s Firefox, have installed Do Not Track features, which are supposed to stymie the ability of advertisers, targeters, and ad networks to track browsing habits. But users must activate this capability in the browser’s settings, and as of March 2013, only 11.4 percent of desktop Firefox users had activated Do Not Track.

…

May 3, 2013. bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/do-not-track-talks-could-be-running-off-the-rails. 296 Web sites ignoring Do Not Track: David Goldman. “Turning on Do Not Track in Chrome.” “CNNMoney Tech Tumblr.” Nov. 29, 2012. cnnmoneytech.tumblr.com/post/36831929685/turning-on-do-not-trackin-google-chrome. 296 “on life support”: David Goldman. “Do Not Track Is Dying.” CNNMoney. Nov. 30, 2012. money.cnn.com/2012/11/30/technology/do-not-track/index.html. 296 “permit data collection”: Natasha Singer. “Do Not Track? Advertisers Say ‘Don’t Tread on Us.” New York Times. Oct. 13, 2012. nytimes.com/2012/10/14/technology/do-not-track-movement-is-drawing-advertisers-fire.html. 296 Internet Explorer criticism: ibid. 296 “Consumers have a right”: Office of the Press Secretary, White House.

Android 3. 0 Application Development Cookbook
by Kyle Merrifield Mew
Published 3 Aug 2011

With this done, run the code on a handset or emulator, select a hyperlink, and then press the button to return to the previous page: 226 Chapter 10 How it works... We have introduced two new classes here: The WebView, which is an extension of View, and the WebViewClient, which belongs to the android.webkit package. The WebView acts like a canvas and is powered by Webkit which is the layout engine behind Google's Chrome and Apple's Safari browsers. It is not within the scope of this book to cover Webkit in any detail but the android.webkit package offers numerous ways to access and control web content from within an application and is well worth exploring. We created just a single button to go back one page with goBack() but WebView has many such functions and we could have buttons calling goForward() and reload() easily.

The Debian Administrator's Handbook, Debian Wheezy From Discovery to Mastery
by Raphaal Hertzog and Roland Mas
Published 24 Dec 2013

Clients trying to access another virtual host would then display warnings, since the certificate they received didn't match the website they were trying to access. Fortunately, most browsers now work with SNI; this includes Microsoft Internet Explorer starting with version 7.0 (starting on Vista), Mozilla Firefox starting with version 2.0, Apple Safari since version 3.2.1, and all versions of Google Chrome. The Apache package provided in Debian is built with support for SNI; no particular configuration is therefore needed, apart from enabling name-based virtual hosting on port 443 (SSL) as well as the usual port 80. This is a simple matter of editing /etc/apache2/ports.conf so it includes the following: <IfModule mod_ssl.c> NameVirtualHost *:443 Listen 443 </IfModule> Care should also be taken to ensure that the configuration for the first virtual host (the one used by default) does enable TLSv1, since Apache uses the parameters of this first virtual host to establish secure connections, and they had better allow them!

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This browser is developed by Google at such a fast pace that maintaining a single version of it across the whole lifespan of Debian Wheezy is unlikely to be possible. Its clear purpose is to make web services more attractive, both by optimizing the browser for performance and by increasing the user's security. The free code that powers Chromium is also used by its proprietary version called Google Chrome. 13.6. Development 13.6.1. Tools for GTK+ on GNOME Anjuta (in the anjuta package) is a development environment optimized for creating GTK+ applications for GNOME. Glade (in the glade package) is an application designed to create GTK+ graphical interfaces for GNOME and save them in an XML file.

Travel While You Work: The Ultimate Guide to Running a Business From Anywhere
by Mish Slade
Published 13 Aug 2015

Gett currently operates in the USA, UK, Israel and Russia – but many other countries are coming on board soon. There are also city-specific taxi apps; have a search for "taxi app [city]" and see what comes up (or ask a local). You might find yourself on a lot of foreign websites throughout all this. They'll almost always have an English language option, but if they don't you can use Google Chrome's built-in website translator or go to the Google Translate website (www.worktravel.co/gtranslate): copy and paste the URL of that website into the box. Money In Chapter 2: Get To Grips With Money And Taxes, there's more information about bank accounts, credit cards, debit cards, alternative forms of payment, and ATMs.

Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That's OK: How to Survive the Economic Collapse and Be Happy
by Pistono, Federico
Published 14 Oct 2012

The development of ‘Robots will steal your job, but that is OK: how to survive the economic collapse and be happy’ was possible thanks to a crowdfunding campaign that I lunched on a website. The software used to write the book was mostly Free and Open Source (FOSS), running on an operating system which heavily relies on FOSS to work.220 The very browser you used to find my book is probably FOSS, too. Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, they are all FOSS. But also Wikipedia, Creative Commons, many Flickr photos and videos on YouTube and Vimeo are released under some sort of free/open licenses. More recently, there has been a wave of Open Source projects throughout the whole spectrum, even physical objects such as flashlights, sensors, bicycles, solar panels, and 3D printers.

The Ethical Algorithm: The Science of Socially Aware Algorithm Design
by Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth
Published 3 Oct 2019

Differential privacy is a case in point. Over the past fifteen years, differential privacy has transitioned from a purely academic curiosity among theoretical computer scientists to a maturing technology trusted with protecting the statistical disclosures for the 2020 US Census and deployed at a large scale on iPhones and Google Chrome web browsers. Differential privacy offered a change from its predecessors in its precise definition of what it was supposed to guarantee, and this greatly aided its development. Of course, differential privacy does not promise us everything that we might mean when we use the English word privacy; no single definition could.

Always Day One: How the Tech Titans Plan to Stay on Top Forever
by Alex Kantrowitz
Published 6 Apr 2020

Official Google Blog, April 13, 2006. https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/04/its-about-time.html. it introduced Google Spreadsheets: Rochelle, Jonathan. “It’s Nice to Share.” Official Google Blog, June 6, 2006. https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2006/06/its-nice-to-share.html. Pichai said as he introduced Chrome: “Sundar Pichai Launching Google Chrome.” YouTube, February 19, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_Ye38fBQMo. Chrome debuted in 2008: Doerr, John E. Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and the Gates Foundation Rock the World with OKRs. New York: Portfolio, 2018. ceased developing Internet Explorer: Newcomb, Alyssa. “Microsoft: Drag Internet Explorer to the Trash.

Kill It With Fire: Manage Aging Computer Systems
by Marianne Bellotti
Published 17 Mar 2021

“You could hear a pin drop in the room when people were watching how stunningly slow things were, like Gmail in India,” says Gabriel Stricker, a Google PR director.1 In 2010, another Code Yellow was called to deal with the aftermath of Operation Aurora, a Chinese government cyberattack that rooted Google’s corporate network and allowed Chinese intelligence to steal information. In 2015, the Chromium team (the open source project that backs Google Chrome) called a Developer Productivity Code Yellow to improve performance so that it would be easier to attract and retain contributors. All of these are critical issues, but they all look different. They have different scopes. Only one presented itself as a traditional crisis. But in each case, the problem would have been difficult for a single team or solitary division to solve.

Shipping Greatness
by Chris Vander Mey
Published 23 Aug 2012

And because the users’ computers weren’t updated, users had slow systems and security vulnerabilities, and were generally hassling their kids during holiday breaks. Rather than trying to optimize each complicated user experience around updates, we built a system, subsequently used by Google Toolbar and Google Chrome, that enabled us to update all software, including third-party applications, without bothering users. This was a much harder problem to solve, especially in light of the myriad installation processes that third-party software requires. But because we built this software, we were able to reach and help hundreds of millions of users.

Ctrl Alt Delete: Reboot Your Business. Reboot Your Life. Your Future Depends on It.
by Mitch Joel
Published 20 May 2013

Instagram started out as a very derivative copy of foursquare before switching its focus to mobile photos with a social edge. Google continues to fascinate as the search engine expands into areas like online video (YouTube), mobile (Android and the Nexus line of devices), email services (Gmail), Web browsers (Google Chrome), online social networking (Google+), and beyond (self-driving cars and Google Glasses). Amazon continues to squiggle by pushing beyond selling books online into e-readers (Kindle), selling shoes (Zappos), offering cloud computing technology (Amazon Web Services), and beyond. When you actually start digging down deep into how these companies have evolved and stayed relevant, you won’t see business models that look like anything from the playbooks of Kodak or RIM.

Nginx HTTP Server Second Edition
by Clement Nedelcu
Published 18 Jul 2013

It turns out to be particularly useful in situations resembling the following: server { […] server_name website.com; location /documents/ { type { } default_type text/plain; } } By default, if the client attempts to access http://website.com//documents/ (note the // in the middle of the URI), Nginx will return a 404 Not found HTTP error. If you enable this directive, the two slashes will be merged into one and the location pattern will be matched. Syntax: on or off Default value: off msie_padding Context: http, server, location This directive functions with the Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE) and Google Chrome browser families. In the case of error pages (with error code 400 or higher), if the length of the response body is less than 512 bytes, these browsers will display their own error page, sometimes at the expense of a more informative page provided by the server. If you enable this option, the body of responses with a status code of 400 or higher will be padded to 512 bytes.

A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life
by Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman
Published 6 Apr 2014

And what has now become an influential example of online design usability was so baffling when it was first unveiled that people couldn’t figure out how to use it. But the home page isn’t really Google at all. Google is the vast array of computer code and algorithms that allow the company to search the web and present those results. There are millions of lines of code behind a Google search—and millions more behind Google mail, Google Chrome, Google ads. If we can envision dozens, hundreds of ways of designing a search page, imagine for a moment the ways that all that computer code could be written. It’s like imagining the ways a book can be written, like imagining the ways a story could be told on screen. For Google, it is a story, just written in zeroes and ones.

Developing Backbone.js Applications
by Addy Osmani
Published 21 Jul 2012

If there was no error we return the array of objects to the client using the send function of the response object, otherwise we log the error to the console. To test our API we need to do a little typing in a JavaScript console. Restart node and go to localhost:4711 in your browser. Open up the JavaScript console. If you are using Google Chrome, go to View->Developer->JavaScript Console. If you are using Firefox, install Firebug and go to View->Firebug. Most other browsers will have a similar console. In the console type the following: jQuery.get( '/api/books/', function( data, textStatus, jqXHR ) { console.log( 'Get response:' ); console.dir( data ); console.log( textStatus ); console.dir( jqXHR ); }); …and press enter and you should get something like this: Here I used jQuery to make the call to our REST API, since it was already loaded on the page.

The Smartphone Society
by Nicole Aschoff

“Abrams, Jenna,” 109 ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), 21, 22, 96, 148–49, 153, 176n28 Acxiom, 72, 77 addiction to social media, 65–69 Admiral, 78, 79 Adolfsson, Martin, 84 AdSense, 52 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), 80 advertising: data collection and, 76–77, 83–84; on Facebook, 47–48; on Google, 52; political, 149 AdWords, 52 Afghanistan, politics in, 95–96 age discrimination, 149 AI Now, 129, 157 Airbnb, 42, 119, 120, 148 al-Abed, Bana, 90 al-Abed, Fatemah, 90 Aldridge, Rasheen, 91 algorithm(s): for consumer categories, 77; in dystopian future, 129–30, 131; in politics, 109–10; recommender, 67; search, 51–52, 53 algorithmic accountability, 151, 157–59 “algorithmic management,” 32–34 Alibaba, 4, 42 Allard, LaDonna Brave Bull, 104 aloneness, 7 Alphabet, 41, 55, 76, 122, 150 Alpha Go Zero program, 122 alter-globalization activists, 91 Amazon: acquisitions by, 41; and CIA, 81; in Europe, 150; marketplace model of, 150; as monopoly, 53–54; and new capitalism, 118–19; as new titan, 38–41, 44, 45; power of, 54–55; Rekognition software of, 149; tax evasion by, 49; warehouse workers at, 31–32, 33, 34; working conditions at, 46 Amazon Shopping, 30 Amazon Web Services (AWS), 41 American Academy of Pediatrics, 9 American Association of People with Disabilities, 55 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 21, 22, 96, 148–49, 153, 176n28 American Dream, 120–21 American Library Association, 55 amplification, 91 analog networks, in cognitive mapping, 143 Android operating system, 39, 41, 53, 69, 70–71, 72 “angel investor,” 120 Ant Financial, 42 antidiscrimination laws, 149 antitrust laws and practices, 43–44, 52–53, 55, 150 AOL, data collection from, 81 app(s): top ten, 38 “app dashboard,” 69 app jobs, 30–34, 35, 137 Apple: data collection from, 81; in Europe, 150; low-paid workers at, 147; as new titan, 42; refusal of “right to repair” by, 155; supply chain of, 28–29; tax evasion by, 49–50; working conditions at, 46 appropriation, frontiers of, 73–76 appwashing, 34, 35, 146 “Arab Spring,” 97 Ardern, Jacinda, 93 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), 80 artificial intelligence, 121–22, 123, 130 aspirational story, 120 assembly workers, 28–29 Athena, 42 AT&T, 29, 42, 43, 71 attention, 7 Audible, 41 Australia, justice in, 21 automation, 128, 131 automobiles, analogy between smartphones and, 2–3, 161, 162 autonomy, 117, 124 AWS (Amazon Web Services), 41 bad behavior, 138–39 Baidu, 42 Bannon, Steve, 105 Barlow, John Perry, 124 Bellini, Eevie, 24 Berners-Lee, Tim, 40 Beyoncé, 61, 107 Bezos, Jeff, 38, 44, 49, 54, 118–19 Bharatiya Janata Party (India), 93 big data, 76, 83–84, 145 Binh, Huang Duc, 95 black(s): police violence against, 17–23, 35, 169n6, 169n13 Blackberry, 6 “black-box algorithms,” 151 Black Lives Matter (BLM), 89–90, 100–102, 104, 107, 111 Blades, Joan, 91 blockchains, 124 body cameras worn by police, 22 book publishers, 172n40 boredom, 11 bots, 109 Boyd, Wes, 91 boyfriend, invisible, 24 Boyle, Susan, 63 Brazil, politics in, 97 Brin, Sergei, 38, 41, 54, 119, 148 Brown, Michael, Jr., 22, 89–90, 91, 101–2 Buffett, Warren, 41 Bumble, 23, 91 Bumblehive, 81 Burke, Tarana, 108 Bush, George W., 99 Calico, 41 California Consumer Privacy Act, 150 “CamperForce,” 31–32 Canales, Christian, 21 cancer, 7 candidates, social media use by, 103–5 Capital G, 41 capitalism: chameleonesque quality of, 116–17; crony, 105; and frontiers, 72–79; maps of, 143–44; neoliberal, 69, 102, 112–13, 117–18, 144–45; smartphones as embodiment of, 161–62; spirit of, 115–18; surveillance, 8 capitalist frontiers, government and, 80–81 carbon footprint, 82, 175n77 Carnegie, Andrew, 37, 54, 57 Castile, Philando, 20, 35 CatchLA, 62 caveats, 14–15 celebrities, in digital movements, 91 celebrity culture, 64–65 censorship, 95 Center for American Progress, 55 Center for Responsive Politics, 56 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 81, 95, 96, 138, 175n74 centrism, 112 Chadaga, Smitha, 89 change agent, 12 Chan, Priscilla, 56 Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI), 56 Charles, Ashley “Dotty,” 109 Charlottesville, Virginia, 106–7, 111 Chesky, Brian, 120 children, 8, 9, 11–12, 84 China, 4, 42, 94–95 Chronicle, 41 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 81, 95, 96, 138, 175n74 Cienfuegos, Joaquin, 20–21 City of the Future, 124 Clinton, Bill, 43, 91, 99 Clinton, Hillary, 50, 107 Clooney, George, 91 “the cloud,” 82 cloud storage facility, 81 coercive relationships, 137–38, 152–54 cognitive maps and mapping, 143–59; algorithmic accountability in, 151; antidiscrimination laws in, 149; coercive and unjust relationships in, 152–54; defined, 143; digital and analog networks in, 143; digital commons in, 156–59; ecological externalities in, 145; economic implications in, 151–52; internet access for poor and rural communities in, 149–50; lacunae in, 145; low-paying jobs in, 146–49, 153–54; monopoly in, 150; political advertising in, 149; power in, 145; and principles of smartphone use, 152–59; privacy in, 150–51; selfish or immoral behavior in, 154–56; sociotechnical layers of, 145 collateral damage, 96 collective action, 155–56 Comcast, 29, 71 comic books, 11 commodification of private sphere, 144 Communications and Decency Act, 51 communities, on-line, 64 community broadband initiative, 149–50 Community Legal Services, 171–72n32 Compass Transportation, 147 Computer and Communications Industry Association, 55 “connected presence,” 6 connection, 44, 63–64, 143, 162 connectivity, 122 Connolly, Mike, 94 consumer(s): vs. producers, 28–29 consumer categories, 77 consumer scores, 77–78 consumption, 83, 138–39 content algorithms, 51–52 content creation, 74–79 contingent workers, 30 convenience, 29–30, 35 Cooperation Jackson, 155 cop-watch groups, 20–21 “The Counted,” 19, 169n6 “creative monopoly,” 44 creativity, 117 credit scores, 78–79 creepin”, 65 critiques, 7–8 crony capitalism, 105 CrushTime, 24 Cruz, Ted, 92 “Cuban Twitter,” 95 Cucalon, Celia, 48 Cullors, Patrisse, 100–102 cultural capital, 62 “custom breathers,” 69 “customer lifetime value score,” 78 “cyberspace,” 82 CZI (Chan Zuckerberg Initiative), 56 Dakota Access Pipeline Protests, 103–4, 110 dashboard apps, 132 data brokers, 72, 77 data centers, energy use by, 82 data collection, 70–72, 83–84, 137, 150–51, 156–59 data mining, 76–79 data ownership, 135–36 “data smog,” 72 Data & Society, 151, 179n20 data vendors, 76 datification, 156–57, 161 dating apps, 23–27, 35 decentralization, 101–2, 120 decommodification, 156–57 DeepMind, 41, 79, 122, 157 Deliveroo, 32–33, 153 Department of Homeland Security, 149 Desai, Bhairavi, 146 Descartes, René, 67 Diallo, Amadou, 19 Diapers.com, 41 dick pics, 25 Dick’s Sporting Goods, 91 digital-analog political model, 104, 110–12, 145, 162 digital commons, 139–41, 156–59 digital divide, 28–29, 35 “digital exclusion,” 29 digital frontier, limits of, 82 digital justice, 17–23, 152, 157, 169n6, 169n13 digital networks, 143 digital platforms, 44 “digital redlining,” 29 “digital well-being,” 69 disconnection, 132–33 discrimination in housing, 47–48 divides, 17–36; built-in, 28–34, 35; related to justice, 17–23, 169n6, 169n13; related to sexuality, 23–27, 35 division of labor, 74–75 Dobbs, Tammy, 129 documentation, 62 domestic violence, 25 DoorDash, 33–34, 146–47 dopamine driven feedback loops, 67 double standard, 25–27, 35 drone warfare, 95 “dual economy,” 12–13 dumbness, 7, 9 “dumb phone,” 1, 8, 132, 167n15 dystopian future, 125–26, 128–30, 131 eBay, 147, 148 Echo Look device, 84 ecological externalities, 145 ecological limit of digital frontier, 82–83, 175n77 economic crisis (2008), 98–100, 117–18 economic divide, 13–14 economic implications, in cognitive mapping, 151–52 economic nationalism, 105 “ecosystems,” 40 Eddystone, 78 education, 13 Edwards, Jordan, 18 Egypt, 92, 97 elderly Americans, 63–64, 84 Electronic Frontier Foundation, 55, 124 Elliot, Umaara, 90 Ellison, Keith, 45 emails: vs. phone calls, 6; scanning of, 70–71 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 133 employment relationships, 137 encryption, 81, 175n74 energy consumption, 151–52, 154–55; by physical elements of digital life, 82, 175n77 entrepreneurship, 120–21 environmental justice, 154–55 Epsilon, 72 Equal Credit Opportunity Act, 78 Estrada, Joseph, 90–91 Europe, American tech titans in, 150 European Union (EU), 49, 52–53, 150–51 experience economy, 62, 83 exploitation of labor, 75 externalization of work and workers, 31 Facebook: acquisitions by, 41; addiction to, 66–67, 69; and antidiscrimination laws, 149; credit ratings by, 79; data collection by, 71–72, 76, 81, 84; demographics of, 84; discrimination in advertising by, 47–48; employees organizing at, 148; in Europe, 150; Free Basics by, 41–42, 50; low-paid workers at, 147; managing impressions on, 63; as monopoly, 53–54, 172n46; and new capitalism, 124, 136; as news source, 50–51; as new titan, 38–39, 40, 41–42, 44–45; power and influence of, 56; tax evasion by, 49; time spent on, 60 Facebook Live, 84 Facebook Pixel, 72 “Facebook Revolution,” 97 facial recognition software, 129, 149 Fair Housing Act, 48 fake news, 50–51, 56 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 149 feedback loop, 66–67 “Feminist Five,” 108 feminist movement, 107–8 Ferguson, Missouri, 89–90, 101–2 Fields, James Alex, Jr., 106 filter bubbles, 53, 109–10 financial crisis (2008), 98–100, 117–18 fintech companies, 78–79 flexibility, 117 FlexiSpy, 25 FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) requests, 149 food delivery apps, 32–33 food pictures, 62 forced arbitration, 148 Ford, Henry, 37, 124 Fordlandia, 124 Ford Motor Company, 37, 38, 44 Fowler, Susan, 126–27 FoxConn, 28 framing of analysis of cell phones, 12–14 Free Basics, 41–42, 50 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, 149 “free market” competition, 98 free speech, 138 Friedman, Patri, 124 frontier of social media, 59–86; addiction to, and fears about, 65–69; and big data, 82–86; characteristics of, 59–65; and government, 80–81; and privacy, 69–72; and profit, 72–79 Fuller, Margaret, 133 Galston, Bill, 45 gamification, 23–24, 146 Garza, Alicia, 100–102 Gassama, Mamoudou, 115 Gates, Bill, 56, 130 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), 150–51, 156 Geofeedia, 96 geopolitics, 95–96, 144 Germany, 3 Ghostbot, 24 gig economy, 137 Gilded Age, 1–2, 11, 54 global divides, 28–29 globalization, 98 Global Positioning System (GPS), 5 Gmail, 38, 71 Goodman, Amy, 104 Google: addiction to, 69; advertising on, 76; companies owned by, 41; data collection by, 70–71, 76, 81, 150; employees organizing at, 147–48; in Europe, 150; immoral projects at, 154; and intelligence agencies, 81; lobbying by, 55; low-paid workers at, 147; molding of public opinion by, 55; as monopoly, 52–54; and new capitalism, 119–20, 123, 136; as new titan, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43–45, 56; for online search, 52; power and influence of, 55–56; research funding by, 55; “summer camp” of, 55; tax evasion by, 49, 50; use by children, 84; working conditions at, 47 Google Calendar, 71 Google Chrome browser, 53 Google Drive, 71 Google Earth, 123 Google Fiber, 41 Google Images, 131 Google News, 50 Google Play, 72 Google Search, 38, 41, 53 Google Shopping Case, 52–53 Google Translate, 10 government: and capitalist frontiers, 80–81; and Silicon Valley, 124; surveillance by, 137–38, 144, 148–49 government tracking, 94–95 GPS (Global Positioning System), 5 Grant, Oscar, III, 18 Gray, Freddie, 22, 96 Great Pessimism, 118, 119 Great Recession, 118 Greece, 97 greenhouse emissions, 82 Green New Deal, 103, 151–52, 154, 179n22 Greenpeace, 157 Grindr, 23 gun violence, 90, 91, 110, 111 GV, 41 habitus, 62 Happn, 23, 24 Harari, Yuval Noah, 129–30, 132 Hearst, William Randolph, 50 Herndon, Chris, 56 Heyer, Heather, 106 Hirschman, Albert, 133 household expenses, 13 housing, discrimination in, 47–48 human, fear of becoming less, 67–68 iBeacon, 78 IBM, 149 ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), 21, 148 ICT (information and communication technologies) sector, energy used by, 82 ideals, 120 “identity resolution services,” 77 ILSR (Institute for Local Self-Reliance), 149–50, 153 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), 21, 148 immoral behavior, 138–39, 154–56 impressions, management of, 62–63 income discrepancy, 12–13 independent contractors, 33–34, 137, 153 India, 4, 42, 60, 93 individualism, 117, 118 information and communication technologies (ICT) sector, energy used by, 82 injustice, 17–23, 169n6, 169n13 In-Q-Tel, 96 insta-bae principles, 61–62 Instacart, 30, 146 Instagram: addiction to, 69; content on, 60, 61, 62; creepin’ on, 65; data collection from, 72; demographics of, 61; microcelebrities on, 60; as new titan, 38, 41; time spent on, 60; value of, 74 Institute for Local Self-Reliance (ILSR), 149–50, 153 insurance companies, data mining by, 79 intelligence agencies, and capitalist frontiers, 81 internet: access for poor and rural communities to, 149–50; access to high-speed, 5, 29; creation of, 80; early days of, 40; government shutdown of, 94; smartphone connection to, 10 Internet Association, 45 Internet Broken Brain, 66 Internet.org, 41 Internet Research Agency, 109 internet service providers, and privacy, 71–72 inventions, new, 11 investors, 120–21 invisible boyfriend, 24 iPhone, 6, 42 Iron Eyes, Tokata, 104 Jacob’s letter, 127 Jacobs, Ric, 127 Jaffe, Sarah, 91 James, LeBron, 92 Jenner, Kris, 59 Jigsaw, 41 Jobs, Steve, 2, 6, 42 Joint Special Operations Command, 95 Jones, Alex, 111 Jones, Keaton, 109 justice, 17–23, 152, 157, 169n6, 169n13 Kalanick, Travis, 126, 127 Kardashian, Kim, 59 Kardashian, Kylie, 59 Kasky, Cameron, 90 Kattan, Huda, 60 Kellaway, Lucy, 1 Kennedy, John F., 88 Kerry, John, 56 Keynes, John Maynard, 117 Khosla, Sadhavi, 93 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 97 King, Rodney, 19 Klein, Naomi, 104 Knight First Amendment Institute, 93, 175n14 Knoll, Jessica, 108 Kreditech, 78–79 Kristol, Bill, 45 Kurzweil, Ray, 123 Lanier, Jaron, 67, 70, 135 Lantern, 95 law enforcement, surveillance by, 96–97, 137–38, 176n28 “leaners,” 29 Lean In (Sandberg), 107 Lehman Brothers, 98 Levandowski, Anthony, 123 LGBTQ community, 10, 64 “lifestyle politics,” 133 “like” button, 66 Lind, William, 105 “listening tour,” 56 Liu Hu, 94 live chats, 5 livestreaming of police violence, 20–21 lobbying, 55, 56 location data, 71 logistics workers, 31 Loon, 41 Loop Transportation, 147 Losse, Katherine, 124 love, 23–27, 35 low-income households, access to high-speed internet by, 29 low-paying jobs, 146–49, 153–54 Luxy, 23 Lyft 30, 31, 33, 146, 153 Lynd, Helen, 2, 3 Lynd, Robert, 2, 3 Lynn, Barry, 56 machine learning, 76, 121–22, 174n52 “machine zone,” 8 Macron, Emmanuel, 93 mainstream media, bypassing of, 91 Ma, Jack, 42 Makani, 41 mamasphere, 64 March for Our Lives, 104 March of the Margaridas, 108 Marjorie Stoneman Douglas (MSD) High School, 90 marketification, 161 Markey, Ed, 152, 179n22 marriage, expectations and norms about, 24–25 Marshall, James, 17–19 Marshall, Tanya, 17–19 Martin, Trayvon, 22, 100 Marx, Karl, 67 mass shootings, 90, 91, 110, 111 Match.com, 23, 24 Match Group, 24 Matsuhisa, Nobu, 62 Maven, 147–48 McDonald, Laquan, 18 McInnes, Gavin, 106, 107, 111 McSpadden, Lezley, 101 meaning, sense of, 64–65, 162 Medbase200, 77 men’s work, 75 mental health of children, 8 meritocracy, 121 Messenger: data collection from, 72 Messenger Kids, 84 metadata, 72 #MeToo movement, 108 microcelebrities, 60 microchoices, 69 Microsoft: and City of the Future, 124; data collection from, 81; employees organizing at, 148; in Europe, 150; immoral projects at, 154; as new titan, 42, 43, 55, 56 Middleton, Daniel, 60 “Middletown,” 2–3 Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (Lynd and Lynd), 2–3 military, 80–81, 95 mind-body divide, 67–68 miners, 28 Minutiae, 84 misogyny, 25 Mobile Devices Branch of CIA, 81, 95 Mobile Justice MI app, 21, 169n13 Modi, Narendra, 93 Mondragon, Elena, 22–23 monetization, 59, 79 money accounts, mobile, 10 monopolies, 43–46, 52–53, 150 Morgan, J.

Building Secure and Reliable Systems: Best Practices for Designing, Implementing, and Maintaining Systems
by Heather Adkins , Betsy Beyer , Paul Blankinship , Ana Oprea , Piotr Lewandowski and Adam Stubblefield
Published 29 Mar 2020

If a change is not required (by regulation, or for other reasons), achieving 80% or 90% adoption can have a measurable impact on reducing security risk, and should therefore be considered a success. Example: Increasing HTTPS usage HTTPS adoption on the web has increased dramatically in the last decade, driven by the concerted efforts of the Google Chrome team, Let’s Encrypt, and other organizations. HTTPS provides important confidentiality and integrity guarantees for users and websites, and is critical to the web ecosystem’s success—it’s now required as part of HTTP/2. To promote HTTPS use across the web, we conducted extensive research to build a strategy, contacted site owners using a variety of outreach channels, and set up powerful incentives for them to migrate.

…

Client-side and Windows software were different from most of Google’s existing product and system offerings at the time, so limited transferable security expertise was available within Google’s central security team. Since the project intended to begin and remain predominantly open source, it had unique development and operational requirements and could not rely on Google’s corporate security practices or solutions. This browser project ultimately launched as Google Chrome in 2008. Since then, Chrome has been credited as redefining the standard for online security and has become one of the world’s most popular browsers. Over the past decade, Chrome’s security-focused organization has gone through four rough stages of evolution: Team v0.1 Chrome did not formally establish a security team before its official launch in 2008, but relied on expertise distributed within the engineering team, along with consulting from Google’s central security team and third-party security vendors.

The Dark Net
by Jamie Bartlett
Published 20 Aug 2014

Langford tells me of a ‘revenge porn’ website that is hosted in Germany, where he estimates at least half the videos and images are of people – mostly British girls – under the age of eighteen. He’s been trying to get the German internet service provider to act for weeks, but to no avail. The overwhelming majority of the material investigated by the IWF is on the surface web, accessible with a normal browser like Google Chrome, usually hosted in countries where domestic police are uninterested, incapable or under-resourced. Often, a link will take users to a ‘cyber-locker’, a hacked website where files are stored without the owner realising. Around a quarter of all referrals received by the IWF are from commercial sites, which ask for credit card payment for access and are advertised through spam mail.

Professional Node.js: Building Javascript Based Scalable Software
by Pedro Teixeira
Published 30 Sep 2012

Now that you know what you did wrong, you can exit the debugger by hitting Ctrl-D and fix the problem by removing the var keyword from line 8: var a = 0; function init() { a = 1; } function incr() { a = a + 1; } init(); console.log('a before: %d', a); incr(); console.log('a after: %d', a); Run the application again: $ node my_app.js a before: 1 a after: 2 Now the output is what you expected; the bug is fixed. USING NODE INSPECTOR Another debugging tool you might find helpful is Node Inspector. Instead of using a text-only debugger, this one provides a graphical interface by bringing the full-fledged Google Chrome inspector to your Node app using a web browser. You can install Node Inspector globally like this: $ npm install -g node-inspector Node Inspector runs as a daemon by default on port 8080. You can launch it like this: $ node-inspector & This sends the node-inspector process to the background.

Dogfight: How Apple and Google Went to War and Started a Revolution
by Fred Vogelstein
Published 12 Nov 2013

Without Google apps on Samsung phones—which are now half of all Android sales—half of Google’s mobile advertising base disappears. Andy Rubin is no longer the Google executive to query about Android’s future. In early 2013 he handed Android’s reigns to Sundar Pichai, who had also been running Google Chrome. Pichai has long been a favorite of Page’s and is well regarded as a seasoned manager. That is something Android needs now that it has grown to include hundreds of Googlers worldwide. Such leadership is something Rubin, more of an entrepreneur than an executive, didn’t enjoy providing, according to friends.

The End of Big: How the Internet Makes David the New Goliath
by Nicco Mele
Published 14 Apr 2013

On December 16, 2005, the New York Times included a two-page spread advertising the Firefox browser—with the name of every single one of the 10,000 donors who funded the ad in tiny type.27 Internet Explorer lost dramatic market share to Firefox, and eventually lost market dominance to Firefox and a host of other browsers like Google Chrome.28 Think of how incredible it is: One of the largest—and wealthiest—companies in the world (Microsoft) lost its market dominance to a free product made by a bunch of volunteers, led by a nineteen-year-old with a marketing budget funded by a large number of other volunteers. Firefox is only the tip of the iceberg; almost every major software product out there has a significant open-source competitor, with lots of small firms—like mine—helping to implement and maintain that software for other companies.

The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age
by Astra Taylor
Published 4 Mar 2014

Understanding what sites people visit, what content they view, what products they buy and even their geographic coordinates will allow advertisers to better target individual consumers. And more of that knowledge will reside with technology companies than with content producers. Google, for instance, will know much more about each user than will the proprietor of any one news site. It can track users’ online behavior through its Droid software on mobile phones, its Google Chrome Web browser, its search engine and its new tablet software. The ability to target users is why Apple wants to control the audience data that goes through the iPad. And the company that may come to know the most about you is Facebook, with which users freely share what they like, where they go and who their friends are.5 For those who desire to create art and culture—or “content,” to use that horrible, flattening word—the shift is significant.

The Twittering Machine
by Richard Seymour
Published 20 Aug 2019

Attention is organised by far more exact demographics, indexed to clicks, searches, shares, messages, views, reacts, scrolls, pauses: the complete digital package. Google has an even more comprehensive set of tools. It is not just the search engine which allows Google to see what people are up to online. They have the Google Chrome browser, their Gmail service, their DNS server, YouTube, website analytics, Google Translate, Google Reader, Google Maps and Google Earth. They can analyse messages, contacts, travel routes and the shops visited by users. They have a deal with Twitter, giving them access to all tweets. Users hand over immense amounts of raw material to the platforms every time they access the app.

Talk on the Wild Side
by Lane Greene
Published 15 Dec 2018

On Twitter, the sidebar to the left of the screen offers a list of other users that you might be interested in, under the banner “Who to follow”. For those who feel that keeping whom is critical to keeping English expressive and clear, this is a travesty. And such people are nothing if not motivated: there is an extension for Google Chrome that will, for anyone who installs it, turn “Who to follow” into “Whom to follow”. The extension has 575 users and a nearly perfect user rating. Its creator is Thomas Steiner, a German systems analyst at Google. Steiner explained to me via Twitter that his English teachers worked hard to drill whom into him, and that it seemed a crime to replace a “historically grown” bit of English grammar with a “miserable who”.

Cult of the Dead Cow: How the Original Hacking Supergroup Might Just Save the World
by Joseph Menn
Published 3 Jun 2019

In 2018, Flash is nearing end of life. “Gallagher gave him a shout-out”:Hugh Gallagher, “White Boy Rocks Harlem,” posted by zpin, YouTube video, 2:40, June 28, 2006, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1ihFI5iKI. “In four years, the group found 1,400 vulnerabilities”: Figures disclosed by Project Zero and Google Chrome overseer Parisa Tabriz at her Black Hat keynote in 2018, covered here: Seth Rosenblatt, “Google’s ‘Security Princess’ Calls for Stronger Collaboration,” Parallax, August 8, 2018, www.the-parallax.com/2018/08/08/google-security-princess-parisa-tabriz-black-hat/. Chapter 13: The Congressman and the Trolls “a punk band, Foss”: The band also featured Cedric Bixler-Zavala, later lead singer of Grammy Award–winning the Mars Volta.

The Book of CSS3
by Peter Gasston
Published 14 Apr 2011

Back in 2006, I started CSS3.info, and Peter joined me in writing posts about the development of the standard and real-life examples of what it looked like in browsers. Although I started the site, Peter was always the most prolific writer, and it’s only fitting that while I wrote this foreword, he wrote the book. CSS3 has finally gone mainstream. With the new age of browsers (such as Firefox 4, Google Chrome, and Internet Explorer 9), we as a web design community are finally getting the power and flexibility we’ve been waiting for. We can now manage media queries for different browsers, have smarter background images, and handle fonts in a way that doesn’t drive us nuts. If you plan on using CSS3, this book is the most hands-on guide you’ll find.

AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order
by Kai-Fu Lee
Published 14 Sep 2018

Finally, Tencent took the nuclear option: on November 3, 2010, Tencent announced that it would block the use of QQ messaging on any computer that had Qihoo 360, forcing users to choose between the two products. It was the equivalent of Facebook telling users it would block Facebook access for anyone using Google Chrome. The companies were waging total war against each other, with Chinese users’ computers as the battleground. Qihoo appealed to users for a three-day “QQ strike,” and the government finally stepped in to separate the bloodied combatants. Within a week both QQ and Qihoo 360 had returned to normal functioning, but the scars from these kinds of battles lingered with the entrepreneurs and companies.

Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work
by Alex Rosenblat
Published 22 Oct 2018

They have learned that what passengers are typically willing to pay is related to the computer they have (Mac users get higher prices than non-Mac users), the type of web browser they use, and their physical location when they sign in.10 (Incidentally, Orbitz is owned by Expedia, and the former CEO of Expedia became the new CEO of Uber in August 2017;11 the former CEO of Orbitz, Barney Harford, was hired by Uber to be the chief operating officer a few months later.)12 Although some argue that users should have a vested privacy interest in their phone’s battery data or their geolocation, these variables are absorbed into pricing calculations by many software services. Data-driven sorting and customer segmentation are used across a variety of industries. For example, research by Evolv, a workplace data company, suggests that applicants who installed new web browsers onto their computers, like Google Chrome, rather than using the default, like Safari, were 15 percent more likely to stay at their jobs.13 We can imagine that all sorts of personal data could be used to signal to platforms how we might perform as workers or what we’re willing to pay as customers. How information is represented to us is a source of great tension in technology culture beyond Uber.

Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life
by Rory Sutherland
Published 6 May 2019

Another company using a big data approach discovered a variable that was vastly more predictive of a good employee than any other: it wasn’t their level of educational attainment or a variable on a personality test – no, it turned out that the best employees had overwhelmingly made their online application using either Google Chrome or Firefox as their browser, rather than the standard one supplied on their computers. While I can see that replacing a browser on a laptop may be indicative of certain qualities – conscientiousness, technological competence and the willingness to defer gratification, to name just three – is it acceptable to use this information to discriminate between employees?

App Kid: How a Child of Immigrants Grabbed a Piece of the American Dream
by Michael Sayman
Published 20 Sep 2021

Absorbing that truth has turned out to be incredibly valuable for me, making me a better programmer and even, believe it or not, a decent manager. These days at Google, I’m working mostly virtually but spending less time alone and more time with my team of ten designers and engineers, developing new features for Google Chrome. It took me forever to figure this out, but one excellent benefit of working with a team if you’re instinctually a lone wolf is that you can’t spend unhealthy amounts of time in your own head. With more feedback, you’re not working in a vacuum, so you’re probably going to come up with a product that resonates with more people—a better product.

Code Dependent: Living in the Shadow of AI
by Madhumita Murgia
Published 20 Mar 2024

After analysing his own receipts, Armin found several discrepancies – a 7.6-mile journey according to Google Maps, which increased to 9.2 miles because of road blocks, became a six-mile trip according to Uber’s payment algorithm. Other receipts showed Uber paying him for 1.5 miles instead of 1.9 miles, 6 miles instead of 7.5 miles, and so on. He published the app on Google Chrome for anyone else to use, and almost immediately Armin heard from dozens of UberEats workers from around the world, from across the US, Japan, Brazil and Australia, to India and Taiwan. About 6,000 trips were logged on UberCheats in total, of which 17 per cent were underpaid. Whichever city they were in, the company was, on average, seemingly underpaying drivers using UberCheats by 1.35 miles per trip.2 One email Armin received said: ‘I just used your extension and found that 8.31 per cent of my deliveries were affected . . . at least one every day.

The Seventh Sense: Power, Fortune, and Survival in the Age of Networks
by Joshua Cooper Ramo
Published 16 May 2016

In the years after Arthur’s paper was published, billions of us ran madly along a course he had anticipated: We crashed our way as fast as possible into those single, winning businesses, rewarding them with near-monopoly positions in exchange for the benefits of being “inside.” In the twenty years since Arthur spotted increasing returns in software, nine-billion-user worlds have emerged—and others are not far behind. Microsoft Office and Windows, Google Search, Google Maps, Facebook, WhatsApp, Google Chrome, YouTube, and Android all have more than a billion users, and each exhibits that appealing “If you use it, I’ll use it!” logic. Profits and power, just as Arthur would have expected, followed right along. It was just as Arthur predicted: If ten people use WhatsApp or Facebook or YouTube, it’s hard for the eleventh to do something different.

The Myth of Capitalism: Monopolies and the Death of Competition
by Jonathan Tepper
Published 20 Nov 2018

Its Android mobile operating system powers most smartphones in the world with a whopping 85% market share.7 It has tied the Android operating system to its own search engine, and it has tied Android to its own app store, effectively becoming the gatekeeper to what apps and companies consumers can access. It uses its dominance in browsers to its own advantage as well. Its Chrome browser has 60% market share globally.8 Google's Chrome browser will block certain types of online advertisements. It is also now effectively the gatekeeper to what kind of ads consumers can see. Mysteriously, the ads that are blocked are the kinds its competitors use, but not its own. Google argues its new ad blocking is the work of a collective, industry-wide effort to get rid of annoying ads.

We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves
by John Cheney-Lippold
Published 1 May 2017

See also Immersion Goffman, Ervin, 47, 51, 206–7 Golumbia, David, 258 Google, 11, 86, 89–92, 108, 147, 154–56, 167, 182, 197, 231, 259; algorithms, ix–xiii, 5–10, 27, 29–32, 58–66, 73, 76, 98, 108, 137, 157, 166, 186, 192, 195, 226, 241, 253–54, 257; Data Wars and, 19–26; making data useful, 46, 81, 88, 153, 229–30; in PRISM, 289n12; privacy, 207, 222–23, 238. See also GChat; Gmail; “Who Does Google Think You Are?” Google Ads, 6 Google Alerts, 58 Google Chrome, 179 google.com, ix, 6, 230, 238 google.com/ads/preferences, 6 google.co.uk, ix–x Google Earth, 90 Google Flu Trends, 100, 121–29, 126, 131–32, 136, 148 Google Maps, 136 Google Translate, 35, 159, 175–80, 178, 193–94, 196, 292n68, 292n73, 292n74 Gordon, Avery, 259 Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ, UK), 74, 186 GPS, 9, 19, 25, 123, 153, 156, 262 Graham, Stephen, 132 Gramsci, Antonio, 52 graph matching, 43–44 Gray, Herman, 67 Grudin, Jonathan, 227 Guattari, Félix, 77, 105, 164, 171–72, 190 hackers, 155, 208, 228, 240 Hacking, Ian, 8, 61–62 Halberstam, J., 25, 60–61, 191 Hall, Stuart, 63, 185 Hansen, Mark B.

Who Owns This Sentence?: A History of Copyrights and Wrongs
by David Bellos and Alexandre Montagu
Published 23 Jan 2024

Arguments over models and approaches raged in the global community of hackers, inventors and computer scientists, but the broad idea of free software gained further traction in 1999 when Netscape Communications Corporation decided to release its Communicator search engine as “open source”, free for all to use. Others followed, and today the vast majority of programming languages in use have free software implementations available, and Google Chrome, one of the most widely used search engines on desktops and laptops, is built on open-source software too. One major exception is the Java programming language, now owned by Oracle. One possible response to this surprising about-turn is to welcome it as the moment when a community of creators at last had the courage to say to the law: enough is enough.

The Art of SEO
by Eric Enge , Stephan Spencer , Jessie Stricchiola and Rand Fishkin
Published 7 Mar 2012

Most popular Google properties, July 2011 Rank Name Number of searches % of total 1 Google (http://www.google.com) 6,243,892,993 60.35% 2 YouTube (http://www.youtube.com) 2,672,070,772 25.83% 3 Gmail (http://www.gmail.com) 874,662,958 8.45% 4 Google Maps (http://maps.google.com) 229,291,754 2.22% 5 Google News (http://news.google.com) 61,541,405 0.59% 6 Google Docs (http://docs.google.com) 48,207,545 0.47% 7 Google Translate (http://translate.google.com) 37,175,399 0.36% 8 Picnik.com 31,166,949 0.30% 9 Google Video (http://video.google.com) 26,162,413 0.25% 10 Google Chrome (http://www.google.com/chrome) 24,137,868 0.23% 11 Blogger (http://www.blogger.com) 19,787,485 0.19% 12 Google Images (http://images.google.com) 14,517,225 0.14% 13 Orkut (http://www.orkut.com) 10,666,820 0.10% 14 Google Books (http://books.google.com) 10,279,082 0.10% 15 Google Earth (http://earth.google.com) 6,706,180 0.06% 16 Google+ (http://plus.google.com) 6,006,650 0.06% 17 Google Groups (http://groups.google.com) 4,606,855 0.04% 18 Google Finance (http://www.google.com/finance) 3,805,910 0.04% 19 Google Buzz (http://www.google.com/buzz) 3,317,955 0.03% 20 Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) 2,809,831 0.03% This drop is most likely driven by the fact that image results get returned within regular web search, and savvy searchers are entering specific queries that append leading words such as photos, images, and pictures to their search phrases when that is what they want.

…

They’re going to be rating them, they’re going to be reviewing them. They’re going to be marking them up... Indeed, Google already offers the ability to block certain results, and to vote for a page with the +1 button. The separate mention of “web pages” may be another reason why the release of Google Chrome (http://www.google.com/chrome) was so important. Tapping into the web browser market might lead to that ability to annotate and rate those pages and further help Google identify what content interests the user. As of October 2011, StatCounter showed that Chrome’s market share had risen to 25% (http://www.tomshardware.com/news/browser-wars-chrome-firefox-ie-market-share,13875.html).

Exploring ES6 - Upgrade to the next version of JavaScript
by Axel Rauschmayer
Published 3 Oct 2015

That means that the code looks synchronous while performing asynchronous operations. ⁹http://reactive-extensions.github.io/RxJS/ ¹⁰https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/ ¹¹https://github.com/kriskowal/q#progress-notification ¹²https://github.com/promises-aplus ¹³https://github.com/tj/co Promises for asynchronous programming 460 co(function* () { try { let [croftStr, bondStr] = yield Promise.all([ // (A) getFile('http://localhost:8000/croft.json'), getFile('http://localhost:8000/bond.json'), ]); let croftJson = JSON.parse(croftStr); let bondJson = JSON.parse(bondStr); console.log(croftJson); console.log(bondJson); } catch (e) { console.log('Failure to read: ' + e); } }); Details are explained in the chapter on generators. 25.12 Debugging Promises Tools for debugging Promises are slowly appearing in browsers. Let’s take a quick look at what the latest version of Google Chrome has to offer. The following is part of an HTML file that demonstrates two common problems with Promises: <body> <script> // Unhandled rejection Promise.reject(new Error()) .then(function (x) { return 'a'}) .then(function (x) { return 'b'}) // Unsettled Promise new Promise(function () {}); </script> </body> First, a rejection isn’t handled.

Zero to Sold: How to Start, Run, and Sell a Bootstrapped Business
by Arvid Kahl
Published 24 Jun 2020

The security implications of this decision reached far and wide. Before the end of 2020, all major browsers would have to phase out their Flash support, as integrating software that is not receiving security updates is a great risk for browsers, which are used by millions of people every single day. So, the team at Chromium, the technology behind Google Chrome, set a roadmap to phase out Flash support over several years. One particular step along the way was disabling the flash plugin by default by July 2019. After that point, the user of Chrome would have to reactivate Flash every single time they started the browser. When this change was a few months away, the developer community started talking about it.

Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup
by John Carreyrou
Published 20 May 2018

Instead, they were told to write that they worked for a “private biotechnology company.” Some former employees received cease-and-desist letters from Theranos lawyers for posting descriptions of their jobs at the company that were deemed too detailed. Balwani routinely monitored employees’ emails and internet browser history. He also prohibited the use of Google Chrome on the theory that Google could use the web browser to spy on Theranos’s R&D. Employees who worked at the office complex in Newark were discouraged from using the gym there because it might lead them to mingle with workers from other companies that leased space at the site. In the part of the clinical lab dubbed “Normandy,” partitions were erected around the Edisons so that Siemens technicians wouldn’t be able to see them when they came to service the German manufacturer’s machines.

Number Go Up: Inside Crypto's Wild Rise and Staggering Fall
by Zeke Faux
Published 11 Sep 2023

Despite the soothing electronic music that played in the background, all this talk about losing passwords and scams and stealing did not feel good at all. I imagined myself telling Nikki I’d lost my ape, or checking my phone only to see that it had disappeared somehow. I felt even worse when I realized that MetaMask was a browser extension, one of those little programs inside Google Chrome that do things like block ads or remember passwords. Instead of being safely inside Bank of America, watched over by a massive antifraud department with supercomputers and thousands of friendly representatives like Oyet, my $20,000 would be held inside a tiny cartoon fox icon next to the box where you type URLs.

AI in Museums: Reflections, Perspectives and Applications
by Sonja Thiel and Johannes C. Bernhardt
Published 31 Dec 2023

We have defined this in greater detail in our previous publications (Zaman/Schaffer/Scheffler 2021a; 2021b; Schaffer/Ruß/ Gustke 2023), but we mainly used a RASA3 model for content type recognition and question-and-answer matching, a document and content type-based matching using models like ELECTRA4 and BERT5 (Devlin/Chang/Lee et al. 2019), and cosinebased similarity matching. 2 3 4 5 https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/de (all URLs here accessed in June 2023). https://rasa.com/docs/. https://github.com/google-research/electra. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model). 259 260 Part 3: Applications The first iteration of CHIM was the question harvester developed as a website. As a second iteration of CHIM, we developed an Android app (by using Cordova for app building and MMIR for speech input and output) as well as a Google Chrome extension, which was used solely as a test app. The Android app was installed on (roughly) 15 Android smartphones (Pixel 6, Asus Zenfone 8), along with a customized Android launcher to ensure that testers could see and use solely the CHIM test app. With this test app we conducted a field test at the Städel Museum in Frankfurt am Main from 26 April to 1 May 2022.

Culture & Empire: Digital Revolution
by Pieter Hintjens
Published 11 Mar 2013

I've said before that conflicting missions can be a problem. The best answer I know is to turn the conflict into competition. In software, we do this by making standards that teams can build on. Take for example the HTTP standard that powers the web. Any team can build a web server or a web browser. This lets teams compete. So Google's Chrome browser emerged as a lightweight, faster alternative to Firefox, which was getting bloated and slow. Then, the Firefox team took performance seriously, and now Firefox is faster than Chrome. TIP: When there is an interesting problem, try to get multiple teams competing to solve it. Competition is great fun and can produce better answers than monopolized problems.

The Perfect Weapon: War, Sabotage, and Fear in the Cyber Age
by David E. Sanger
Published 18 Jun 2018

“Fuck these guys”: Brandon Downey, “This Is the Big Story in Tech Today,” Google+ (blog), October 30, 2013, plus.google.com/+BrandonDowney/posts/SfYy8xbDWGG. Google soon added a new email-encryption feature: Ian Paul, “Google’s Chrome Gmail Encryption Extension Hides NSA-Jabbing Easter Egg,” PC World, June 5, 2014, www.pcworld.com/article/2360441/googles-chrome-email-encryption-extension-includes-jab-at-nsa.html. the existence of the NSA program: Barton Gellman and Laura Poitras, “U.S., British Intelligence Mining Data from Nine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret Program,” Washington Post, June 7, 2016, www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html.

New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI
by Frank Pasquale
Published 14 May 2020

The promise of machine learning is to find characteristics of good risks, as identified by past lending, that might be shared by people now locked out of lending. For example, it may turn out that good credit risks tend to get at least seven hours of sleep a night (as roughly measured by phone inactivity), use Google Chrome as their web browser, and buy organic food. Individually, none of these correlations may be strong. Once they reach a certain critical mass, a new and dynamic big data–driven profile of the good credit risk may emerge. Micro-lenders are already using traits like internet activity to decide on loan applications.

The Metaverse: And How It Will Revolutionize Everything
by Matthew Ball
Published 18 Jul 2022

See ownership Epic Games lawsuit against Apple, 14n, 22–23, 32n, 134, 186, 284 lawsuit against Google, 22–23 Live Link Face app, 159 “Llama-Rama” cross-over events, 137 Psyonix acquisition, 137 Quixel “MegaScans,” 156 Rocket League, 137 vision of the Metaverse, 19 see also Fortnite; Sweeney, Tim; Unreal game engine Epic Games Store (EGS), 180–82, 184, 201, 234–35 Epic Online Services, 114, 137–38 Ethereum, 210–12, 217, 222–23, 227–28, 230, 233, 293 European Union, xiv, 137, 184, 296, 306 Evans, Don, 65 EVE Online, 45–46, 55–56, 90 Exxon Mobil, 166 eye tracking, 156, 162, 252 Faber, David, 20–21 Facebook, xi–xii, xiv, 18–19, 20–21 brain-to-computer interfaces (BCIs), 155 competing with Snapchat, 115–16 criticism of the Apple App Store, 198–99 Instagram acquisition, 276 integration with other apps, 215 investment in AR/VR hardware, xi, 139, 143, 150, 204–5, 287 investments in wearables, 153, 162 iOS app development, 25–26, 193–94 market capitalization of, 166 Metaverse according to, xi–xii, 18–19, 20–21, 239, 245, 274, 276–77, 286–91, 298–99, 308 monthly users, 13 pre-Metaverse analogy for “metagalaxies” on, 43–44 2012 Metaverse keynote, 57, 286–87 Unity and, 276–77 user authentication and, 138–39 WhatsApp, 26, 61, 79, 274, 276 see also Instagram; Oculus VR; Zuckerberg, Mark Facebook Connect authentication APIs, 138 Facebook Dating, 116 Facebook Gaming, 116 Facebook News Feed, 49, 194 Facebook Pages, 43 Facebook Reality Labs, xi Facebook Watch, 260 Faceshift, 144 FaceTime, 65, 83 facial scanning, 157, 258 Fall Guys, 137 Far Cry, 278 Farmville, 222–23 Favreau, Jon, 257–58 Fedwire (Federal Reserve Wire Network), 168–70 fiber optic networks, 27, 84, 87, 128 field of view, 97, 145–47, 162 FIFA, 37, 139, 176 file formats, 39, 41, 121–24, 123, 136, 299 Financial Times, 228 Firefly, 143 “first sale doctrine,” 165–66 Fitbit, 153 5G networks, 87, 243 “force field,” 152 Ford, Henry, 241–42 Fortnite, 11–12, 40, 74–78, 82, 86, 90–95, 117n, 133–34, 268 branded experiences in, 139, 264 economics of, 181–82, 246–47 in Epic’s fight with Apple, 32 the lack of persistence of, 44, 45 “Llama-Rama” cross-over events, 137 on the Nintendo Switch, 133, 134–35 Peely skin, 40, 127 split-screen feature, 97 Travis Scott concert on, 12, 54–55, 77, 139, 280, 54 Fortnite: Battle Royale, 54 Fortnite Creative Mode (FNC), 11, 108–9, 111, 114–16, 259, 264 4G networks, 81, 87, 244, 245, 249 4K, 93, 100, 145 frame rate, 91, 98, 100, 145, 147, 161–62 France, 84, 130, 136 Free Fire, 44, 91–92, 114, 116, 147, 303 free speech, 11 free-to-play game monetization, 137, 139–40, 179, 279, 281, 286 Friends with Benefits (FWB), 228–29 Funimation, 280 GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft), 273–83 game development for Android, 131 cross-platform game engines, 109, 131–32, 175–77 as driver of the next internet, 64–68 independent game engines, 107, 108, 278, 297 interoperability among, 107, 122n, 136 live services suites, 107–9, 117, 133, 176, 188, 286 “netcode” solutions in, 81–82 proprietary game engines, 106–7, 117–18, 136, 279 software development kits (SDKs), 142, 175, 203, 309 virtual worlds and game engines, 105–8 see also application programming interfaces (APIs); Unity game engine; Unreal game engine game engines, 105–8, 109, 122n, 131–32, 136, 175–77, 278, 297, 299 games and gaming AAA games, 114, 133 Amazon and, 178–79, 278, 281n on Android, 32, 92, 133 on the blockchain, 222–25 casual gaming, 80, 255 in China, xiii–xiv, 115 cloud streaming, 77–78, 82, 195–96, 198 cross-platform gaming (cross-play), 132–35, 137–38, 176, 177, 179, 245–46 free-to-play game monetization, 137, 139–40, 179, 279, 281, 286 “games-as-a-service” model, 178 interoperability among game platforms, 37, 132–35, 175, 299–300 sustainability and monetization, 125, 182 virtual gambling, 218, 259–60, 271, 292 see also cloud game streaming; multi­player games; popular gaming platforms and games GameSparks (Amazon), 107–8, 117 GameStop, 28, 177, 178 Garena, 44 “gas” fees, 209, 227 gatekeepers, 206, 213–14, 234 Gates, Bill, 25, 239, 271, 279 General Electric, 60, 166 Genvid Technologies, 260 GeoCities, 14 gestures, 152–53, 156, 244 Gibson, William, 5–8, 14, 289 GIF file format, 41 globalization, 136–37, 222 God of War, 139, 280 “God on Earth,” 14, 119–20, 289 Goldman Sachs, 145 Google Ad Words, 263 Google, xiv, 4, 9 Android-based phones, 25, 61, 214 Daydream VR platform, 142 dominance of, 189 Dropcam acquisition, 148 Fitbit acquisition, 153 Gmail, 124, 227, 275, 299 in-house incubator, 143 investments in AR/VR hardware, 141–44, 150–51 investments in virtual worlds and 3D tech, 9, 155–58 investments in wearables, 153–55 lawsuit from Epic Games, 22–23 market capitalization of, 166 Motorola acquisition, 213 Nest Labs acquisition, 158 North AR glasses acquisition, 141 see also Android Google Cardboard, 141–42 Google Chrome, 15, 184, 194, 275 Google Contact Lens, 154 Google Drive, 39 Google Earth, 4 Google Expeditions, 142 Google Glass, 141, 154 Google Jump, 142 Google Labs, 143 Google Meet, 51 Google Play Store, 184, 213 Google Project Starline, 155–56, 157 Google Stadia, 96, 100, 131, 196–98, 275, 277, 282, 286 Google Street View, 37 governance, 33, 58, 211, 214, 222 over cryptocurrency, 301 the future of integrated virtual world platforms (IVWPs), 297–300 KYC (Know Your Customer) regulations, 301 of the Metaverse, 33, 58–59, 211, 214, 222, 295–302 Grand Theft Auto V, 80, 112, 114–15, 181, 259–60 graphics processing units (GPUs), 36–37, 65, 89, 97–101, 103, 105, 107n, 131 in consoles, 174–75 required by the Metaverse, 174, 223 in smartphones, 148, 159, 243–45 Griffin, Ken, 227 Gruber, John, 194 GSM Association, 243 Guinness World Records, 73 Guitar Hero, 160n Habitat, 8 Halo, 18, 139 hardware, 141–63 battery power, 146–47, 149, 161, 200–201, 271 beyond headsets, 151–55 as gateway to the Metaverse, 162–63 haptic feedback/interfaces, 151–52, 252, 261, 291–92 hardest challenge of our time, 146–51 near-field communication (NFC), 142, 189, 199–200, 203 personal “edge computers” or “edge servers,” 161 proprietary, 144 rise of personal computers, xiv, 22, 60, 64–65, 158–59 tenacity of the smartphone, 158–62 ubiquitousness of, 155–58 see also specific device models and manufacturers Hasbro, 139, 233 HBO, 50, 142 Headspace, 256 Hearthstone, 82 Helios rendering engine, 119, 136 Helium hotspots, 224 Hinge, 19, 261 HoloLens, 18, 141, 144–46, 147, 267–68, 279 Hong Kong International Airport “digital twin,” 31, 118 Honour of Kings, 82 Horizon Worlds, 115, 204, 277 Horizon Zero Dawn, 117, 139, 280 Hotmail, 275 HTML5, 26 Huang, Jensen, xii, 20, 66, 93, 231, 239, 245, 293 Huawei, 61, 213 Hulu, 142 “hyper-digital reality,” xii, 7n, 239, 307n “hyperreality,” 6–7 HyperText Markup Language (HTML), x, 26 hypertext, x, 24 Hypixel Studios, 115 IBM, 25, 28, 60, 62, 274 “IBM and the Seven Dwarfs,” 60 ICANN, 108 ICQ, 13, 61, 114, 273 identity, 127 as continuity of memory, 48 the individual presence of unlimited users, 54–58 loss of presence, 252 use of facial recognition in authentication, xiii, 159 see also avatars Imagination Technologies, 148 IMAX, 36, 90, 256 immersion, 18–19n, 190, 252, 256, 268 independent game engines, 107, 108, 278, 297 India, 84, 296, 302 Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), 118–19, 136, 258–59 Infineon, 243 “Information Superhighway, The,” 22 initial public offerings (IPOs), xii Instagram, 26, 116, 216 Facebook acquisition, 276 integration with other apps, 287–88, 300 “instant messaging” applications, 49, 61, 242, 249.

The Equality Machine: Harnessing Digital Technology for a Brighter, More Inclusive Future
by Orly Lobel
Published 17 Oct 2022

The first generation of screening algorithms was primitive, merely searching résumés for particular keywords; these keywords could range from skill sets like Microsoft Excel proficiency to prestigious markers like names of Ivy League schools or distinctions such as summa cum laude. Because inequality is so entrenched in our society, every data point about a job candidate risks being tainted. Technology can move us toward equality by masking data that may contribute most immediately to biased hiring. The Google Chrome extension Unbias, for example, removes faces and names from LinkedIn profiles, and software from companies like Interviewing.io, Ideal, and Entelo anonymizes applicants’ names and identities.20 But there is an inherent limit to what can be removed. Ideal boasts that it can help companies screen thousands of candidates in seconds while removing “every trace of subconscious bias from that initial screening process,” thereby ensuring that companies start with the most diverse candidate pool possible to give them the best possible chances of hiring the most diverse workforce.21 Once its algorithm strips the applicant’s gender, age, and even name, Ideal standardizes its matching between candidates’ experience, knowledge, and skills and the requirements of the job for which they’re applying.

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power
by Jacob Helberg
Published 11 Oct 2021

Synthetic media will also make it harder to prove that those spreading this propaganda are trolls and not your next-door neighbor. Since lazy front-end foes often pull their Twitter avatars or Facebook photos from photos of celebrities and other publicly available images, one easy trick used to expose trolls is a “reverse image search”—essentially googling the web for other occurrences of that photo. Web browsers like Google Chrome even allow you to perform these reverse image searches with the simple right-click of a mouse. Astute social media users have outed trolls posing as Israeli supermodel Bar Refaeli, for instance.38 But what happens when the trolls’ profile pictures are deepfakes, and those reverse image searches come up empty?

Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps
by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood Ph. D.
Published 23 Dec 2018

Do not send money to any of the addresses shown in this book. The private keys are listed in the book and someone will immediately take that money. Now that we’ve covered some basic best practices for key management and security, let’s get to work using MetaMask! Getting Started with MetaMask Open the Google Chrome browser and navigate to https://chrome.google.com/webstore/category/extensions. Search for “MetaMask” and click on the logo of a fox. You should see something like the result shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1. The detail page of the MetaMask Chrome extension It’s important to verify that you are downloading the real MetaMask extension, as sometimes people are able to sneak malicious extensions past Google’s filters.

Androids: The Team That Built the Android Operating System
by Chet Haase
Published 12 Aug 2021

The fear of developers at that time was that web apps written for IE would run only on Windows, since there was functionality for IE that differed from that on Netscape’s browser. His response, somewhat tongue-in-cheek (but somewhat not) was that cross platform wouldn’t be a concern when everyone ran IE and Windows. 244 There’s a video on YouTube that the Chrome team posted in 2010, “Google Chrome Speed Tests” that proves the point by comparing website loading speed to a potato gun, sound waves, and lightning. It’s not clear how websites or browsers relate to any of these things, but it’s pretty funny and gets the point across. 245 Headless essentially means a computer without a display.

Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer
by Michael Swaine and Paul Freiberger
Published 19 Oct 2014

Google’s mobile operating system, Android, was in use in phones and tablets from many companies, and the Android slice of the tablet market soon surpassed Apple’s. With Android, developers saw the re-emergence of an open platform. The idea of browser as operating system came to fruition when Google released its Chrome OS in 2009. Built on top of a Linux kernel, its user interface was initially little more than the Google Chrome web browser. Chrome OS was the commercial version of an open source project, Chromium, which opened the source code for others to build on. Laptop computers were soon being built to run Chrome OS natively. Although Apple was setting the bar in each of these new product categories and profiting greatly from them, it wasn’t necessarily leading in sales.

Python for Data Analysis
by Wes McKinney
Published 30 Dec 2011

In [1]: import pandas In [2]: plot(arange(10)) If successful, there should be no error messages and a plot window will appear. You can also check that the IPython HTML notebook can be successfully run by typing: $ ipython notebook --pylab=inline Caution If you use the IPython notebook application on Windows and normally use Internet Explorer, you will likely need to install and run Mozilla Firefox or Google Chrome instead. EPDFree on Windows contains only 32-bit executables. If you want or need a 64-bit setup on Windows, using EPD Full is the most painless way to accomplish that. If you would rather install from scratch and not pay for an EPD subscription, Christoph Gohlke at the University of California, Irvine, publishes unofficial binary installers for all of the book’s necessary packages (http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/) for 32- and 64-bit Windows.

Surveillance Valley: The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex
by Yasha Levine
Published 6 Feb 2018

It went beyond search and email, broadened into word processing, databases, blogging, social media networks, cloud hosting, mobile platforms, browsers, navigation aids, cloud-based laptops, and a whole range of office and productivity applications. It could be hard to keep track of them all: Gmail, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Maps, Android, Google Play, Google Cloud, YouTube, Google Translate, Google Hangouts, Google Chrome, Google+, Google Sites, Google Developer, Google Voice, Google Analytics, Android TV. It blasted beyond pure Internet services and delved into fiber-optic telecommunication systems, tablets, laptops, home security cameras, self-driving cars, shopping delivery, robots, electric power plants, life extension technology, cyber security, and biotech.

Python for Data Analysis: Data Wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and IPython
by Wes McKinney
Published 25 Sep 2017

Created new window in existing browser session. On many platforms, Jupyter will automatically open up in your default web browser (unless you start it with --no-browser). Otherwise, you can navigate to the HTTP address printed when you started the notebook, here http://localhost:8888/. See Figure 2-1 for what this looks like in Google Chrome. Note Many people use Jupyter as a local computing environment, but it can also be deployed on servers and accessed remotely. I won’t cover those details here, but encourage you to explore this topic on the internet if it’s relevant to your needs. Figure 2-1. Jupyter notebook landing page To create a new notebook, click the New button and select the “Python 3” or “conda [default]” option.

Essential TypeScript 4: From Beginner to Pro
by Adam Freeman

Enter the command shown in Listing 6-7 at the debug prompt.exec("message") Listing 6-7.Evaluating an Expression in the Node.js Debugger Press Return, and the debugger will display the value of the message variable, producing the following output:'Hello, TypeScript' Type help and press Return to see a list of commands. Press Control+C twice to end the debugging session and return to the regular command prompt. Using the Remote Node.js Debugging Feature The integrated Node.js debugger is useful but awkward to use. The same features can be used remotely using the Google Chrome developer tools feature. First, start Node.js by running the command shown in Listing 6-8 in the tools folder. node --inspect-brk dist/index.js Listing 6-8.Starting Node.js in Remote Debugger Mode The inspect-brk argument starts the debugger and halts execution immediately. This is required for the example application because it runs and then exits.

Makers at Work: Folks Reinventing the World One Object or Idea at a Time
by Steven Osborn
Published 17 Sep 2013

Osborn: There do seem to be a lot of people in this community that are feverishly passionate about open-source hardware, and I personally really hope to see it proliferate. Petrone: Well, I hope Tindie can play a small part in making that happen. It’s an exciting time to be part of it. 1www.reddit.com/r/arduino/ 2http://dangerousprototypes.com/tag/pick-and-place/ 3 WebKit is the rendering engine that Safari and Google Chrome use. 4www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1562wk/iama_founder_of_tindiecom_etsy_for_tech_that/ CHAPTER 7 bunnie Huang Founder bunnie studios Well known for several of his projects, Andrew “bunnie” Huang is one of the people who define maker culture. Driven solely by natural curiosity, he reverse-engineered a key portion of the original Xbox security.

Data Wrangling With Python: Tips and Tools to Make Your Life Easier
by Jacqueline Kazil
Published 4 Feb 2016

We’ve identified a few with impressive datasets and some regional data from organi‐ zations: • Open Cities Project • Open Nepal • National Bureau of Statistics of China • Open Data Hong Kong • Indonesian Government Open Data Non-EU Europe, Central Asia, India, the Middle East, and Russia Many Central Asian, Central European, and Middle Eastern countries outside of the EU have their own government open data sites. We have highlighted a few, but your linguistic skills will be paramount if you know what regions and countries you’d like to target and want to access data in the native tongue (although Google Chrome will attempt to translate web pages automatically, so you may still be able to find useful data even if you don’t speak the language): • Russian Government Data Website • PakReport—Pakistan Open Data and Maps • Open Data India • Turkey Open Statistics South America and Canada Many South American nations have their own open data sites, found easily by search.

Data and Goliath: The Hidden Battles to Collect Your Data and Control Your World
by Bruce Schneier
Published 2 Mar 2015

Verizon, Microsoft, and others are working on a set-top box that can monitor what’s going on in the room, and serve ads based on that information. It’s less Big Brother, and more hundreds of tattletale little brothers. Today, Internet surveillance is far more insistent than cookies. In fact, there’s a minor arms race going on. Your browser—yes, even Google Chrome—has extensive controls to block or delete cookies, and many people enable those features. DoNotTrackMe is one of the most popular browser plug-ins. The Internet surveillance industry has responded with “flash cookies”—basically, cookie-like files that are stored with Adobe’s Flash player and remain when browsers delete their cookies.

Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions
by Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths
Published 4 Apr 2016

weighs in at about seventy-seven characters: Kelvin Tan, “Average Length of a URL (Part 2),” August 16, 2010, http://www.supermind.org/blog/740/average-length-of-a-url-part-2. the URL is entered into a set of equations: Bloom, “Space/Time Trade-offs in Hash Coding with Allowable Errors.” shipped with a number of recent web browsers: Google Chrome until at least 2012 used a Bloom filter: see http://blog.alexyakunin.com/2010/03/nice-bloom-filter-application.html and https://chromiumcodereview.appspot.com/10896048/. part of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin: Gavin Andresen, “Core Development Status Report #1,” November 1, 2012, https://bitcoinfoundation.org/2012/11/core-development-status-report-1/.

The TypeScript Workshop: A Practical Guide to Confident, Effective TypeScript Programming
by Ben Grynhaus , Jordan Hudgens , Rayon Hunte , Matthew Thomas Morgan and Wekoslav Stefanovski
Published 28 Jul 2021

Hardware Requirements For an optimal experience, we recommend the following hardware configuration: Processor: Intel Core i5 or equivalent Memory: 4 GB RAM Storage: 35 GB available space Software Requirements You'll also need the following software installed in advance: OS: Windows 7 SP1 64-bit, Windows 8.1 64-bit, or Windows 10 64-bit, Ubuntu Linux, or the latest version of macOS Browser: The latest version of either Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox Installation and Setup VS Code This book uses VS Code as the IDE to save and run TypeScript and JavaScript files. You can download VS Code from the following website: https://code.visualstudio.com/download. Scroll to the bottom of the page and click on the download button relevant to your system.

The Alignment Problem: Machine Learning and Human Values
by Brian Christian
Published 5 Oct 2020

A better verbal translation of this quantity would involve reversing ProPublica’s syntax: defendants “who did not re-offend but were rated as higher risk.” For some discussion on this point, see https://twitter.com/scorbettdavies/status/842885585240956928. 33. See Dwork et al., “Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis.” Google Chrome began using differential privacy in 2014, Apple deployed it in its macOS Sierra and iOS 10 operating systems in 2016, and other tech companies have followed suit with many related ideas and implementations. In 2017, Dwork and her colleagues from the 2006 paper would share the Gödel Prize for their work. 34.

Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems
by Betsy Beyer , Chris Jones , Jennifer Petoff and Niall Richard Murphy
Published 15 Apr 2016

This is a high-stakes, high-reliability field, in which many lessons relevant to reliability in the face of government regulations and human risk were learned as the technology received FDA approval, gradually improved, and finally became ubiquitous. Gus Hartmann and Kevin Greer have experience in the telecommunications industry, including maintaining the E911 emergency response system.1 Kevin is currently a software engineer on the Google Chrome team and Gus is a systems engineer for Google’s Corporate Engineering team. User expectations of the telecom industry demand high reliability. Implications of a lapse of service range from user inconvenience due to a system outage to fatalities if E911 goes down. Ron Heiby is a Technical Program Manager for Site Reliability Engineering at Google.

Future Crimes: Everything Is Connected, Everyone Is Vulnerable and What We Can Do About It
by Marc Goodman
Published 24 Feb 2015

As the young organization hit its stride, other fantastic products emerged, and eventually we were introduced to Google Calendar, Google Contacts, Google Maps, Google Earth, Google Voice, Google Docs, Google Street View, Google Translate, Google Drive, Google Photos (Picasa), Google Video (YouTube), Google Chrome, Google+, and Google Android, to name but a few. One by one, services such as phone calls, translation, maps, and word processing—services for which we would previously have paid hundreds of dollars (think Microsoft’s Office)—were now suddenly free. The most benevolent interpretation of this bounty would be that Google was merely providing products the public wanted, satisfying our ever-growing technological needs (and those of advertisers).

Architecting Modern Data Platforms: A Guide to Enterprise Hadoop at Scale
by Jan Kunigk , Ian Buss , Paul Wilkinson and Lars George
Published 8 Jan 2019

To use Kerberos-protected web interfaces, users must present a valid ticket for the service. For Windows users, this can work out of the box for services within the same login domain as the user, since Microsoft Active Directory automatically obtains a TGT on login, which can be used to obtain a service ticket. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome can use this ticket automatically and Mozilla Firefox can be easily configured to do the same. For Windows users who are not in a realm trusted by the cluster KDC, MIT Kerberos provides an installable utility (MIT Kerberos for Windows) that allows users to obtain new tickets alongside their default tickets for the cluster realm.

Programming Python
by Mark Lutz
Published 5 Jan 2011

To access this system, start your locally running web server as described in the preceding section and then point your browser to the following URL (or do the right thing for whatever other web server you may be using): http://localhost:8000/pymailcgi.html If you do, the server will ship back a page such as that captured in Figure 16-2, shown rendered in the Google Chrome web browser client on Windows 7. I’m using Chrome instead of Internet Explorer throughout this chapter for variety, and because it tends to yield a concise page which shows more details legibly. Open this in your own browser to see it live—this system is as portable as the Web, HTML, and Python-coded CGI scripts.