Wonderland: How Play Made the Modern World
by Steven Johnson · 15 Nov 2016 · 322pp · 88,197 words
an infinite number of patterns. The automated nature of Jacquard’s loom also made it more than twenty times faster than traditional drawlooms. “Using the Jacquard loom,” James Essinger writes, “it was possible for a skilled weaver to produce two feet of stunningly beautiful decorated silk fabric every day compared with the
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one inch of fabric per day that was the best that could be managed with the drawloom.” Joseph-Marie Jacquard displaying his loom The Jacquard loom, patented in 1804, stands today as one of the most significant innovations in the history of textile production. But its most important legacy lies in
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to explain,” the brothers: Imad Samir, Allah’s Automata: Artifacts of the Arab-Islamic Renaissance (800-1200) (Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2015), 68–86. “Using the Jacquard loom”: James Essinger, Jacquard’s Web: How a Hand-Loom Led to the Birth of the Information Age (New York: Oxford University Press, Kindle edition), 38
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, 10, 14 On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, 10 inspired by Merlin’s Mechanical Museum, 9, 184, 284 interest in the technology of the Jacquard loom, 80–82 Baghdad (formerly Madinat al-Salam), 1–3 city design, 1–3 House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma), 3 intellectual culture, 3–5 ball
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probability theory, 207–209 programmability concept of paying for new programming, 94 flute player automaton, 77–79 “Instrument Which Plays by Itself, The,” 75–76 Jacquard loom, 80–83 weaving machine for silk, 79–80 Progress and Poverty (George), 195–96 “Progress City,” 57, 62 Prospect Park (Brooklyn, New York), 274–76
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Company, 28 economic fears regarding the import of, 28–29 French weaving industry, 79–83 inventions to aid in the production of fabric, 29, 30 Jacquard loom, 80–83, 81 vivid colors of chintz and calico, 26–27, 27 theft. See shoplifting theme parks Disneyland, 55–56, 273 fantasy world of, 273
The Internet Is Not What You Think It Is: A History, a Philosophy, a Warning
by Justin E. H. Smith · 22 Mar 2022 · 198pp · 59,351 words
, the most complicated patterns in the fabrication of brocaded stuffs … We may say most aptly that the Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves.”20 Lovelace believes that as a result of the use of the punched cards, the Analytical Engine is of a wholly
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dwell for too long on what the loom and the analytical engine have in common is to begin to make the literal metaphorical again. The Jacquard loom might be literally a kind of computer, but the Analytical Engine is not literally a loom, and it does not literally weave data or algebraic
The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution
by Walter Isaacson · 6 Oct 2014 · 720pp · 197,129 words
generating the next number in the sequence of squares. Replica of the Difference Engine. Replica of the Analytical Engine. The Jacquard loom. Silk portrait of Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752–1834) woven by a Jacquard loom. Babbage devised a way to mechanize this process, and he named it the Difference Engine. It could tabulate any
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carefully. They describe the essence of modern computers. And Ada enlivened the concept with poetic flourishes. “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves,” she wrote. When Babbage read “Note A,” he was thrilled and made no changes. “Pray do not alter it,” he said
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by quoting Ada Lovelace’s seminal insight about how computers could be used for creative tasks: “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves.” In describing how children (of all ages) would use a Dynabook, Kay showed he was in the camp of those who
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Archive/Getty Images Lord Byron: © The Print Collector/Corbis Babbage: Popperfoto/Getty Images Difference Engine: Allan J. Cronin Analytical Engine: Science Photo Library/Getty Images Jacquard loom: David Monniaux Jacquard portrait: © Corbis Bush: © Bettmann/Corbis Turing: Wikimedia Commons/Original at the Archives Centre, King’s College, Cambridge Shannon: Alfred Eisenstaedt/The LIFE
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, ref1 Iowa State, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9 iPad 2, ref1 iPhone, ref1 Jacobi, Werner, ref1 Jacquard, Joseph-Marie, ref1, ref2 Jacquard loom, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Jefferson, Geoffrey, ref1, ref2 Jefferson, Thomas, ref1 Jenkins, Jim, ref1 Jennings, Jean, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Home Comforts: The Art and Science of Keeping House
by Cheryl Mendelson · 4 Nov 1999 · 1,631pp · 468,342 words
is the name of a typical fabric having dobby weave. The jacquard weave creates fabrics with highly intricate designs. Jacquard weaving is done on a jacquard loom, which uses punched cards that control the movements of the warp yarns. This intricate type of weaving is used to make fine linen damasks, upholstery
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). Tending to repel water; unabsorbent (of water). Tweed made in Ireland, usually with white warp and colored filling yarns. Any fabric woven on a jacquard loom. The jacquard loom creates intricate designs woven into the cloth by means of punched cards that enable it to handle far more threads than other looms. Brocades, damasks
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, very light in weight, of cotton, silk, or synthetics. Used for curtains, dressy evening fashion. See illustration on page 199. Double-cloth woven on a jacquard loom to create a quilted or stitched surface. Used for bedspreads and draperies. Originally made of padded silk. A dull, smooth, heavy, very short napped, quite
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, velvety effect. (Plush looks like velvet, but with a longer pile.) Velvet. A woven rug that, unlike Wiltons and Brussels, is woven on ordinary, not Jacquard, looms, so its color design is limited. The pile is woven over wires that are pulled out, cutting the loops and leaving standing tufts. Because the
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now are made in a number of synthetic fibers as well. Unlike Axminsters, they use only three to six colors and are woven on a Jacquard loom using a method that produces a thick cushion of fibers. Worsted Wiltons, considered the best wool carpets made, are extremely durable and tightly woven, with
Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet
by Claire L. Evans · 6 Mar 2018 · 371pp · 93,570 words
their way into the earliest computers. Patterns encoded on paper, which computer scientists later called “programs,” could meaningfully entangle numbers as easily as thread. The Jacquard loom put skilled laborers, male and female, out of work. Some took out their anger on the frames of the new machines, claiming as a folk
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Lord Byron sympathized. In his maiden speech to the House of Lords in 1812, he defended the organized framebreakers by comparing the results of a Jacquard loom’s mechanical weaving to “spider-work.” Privately, he worried that, in his sympathy for the Luddites, he might be taken as “half a frame-breaker
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” himself. He was, of course, not—and he was dead wrong about the spider work, too. Even as Byron made his case, Jacquard looms were producing a quality and volume of textiles unlike anything the world had ever seen. The mathematician Charles Babbage owned a portrait of Joseph-Marie
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, it was the loom itself, and its punch card programs, that really ignited Babbage’s imagination. “It is a known fact,” Babbage proclaimed, “that the Jacquard loom is capable of weaving any design which the imagination of man may conceive.” As long as that imagination could be translated into a pattern, it
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punched-paper program because mathematical formulae work the same way: run them again and again, and they never change. He was so taken with the Jacquard loom, in fact, that he spent the better part of his life designing computing machines fed by punch cards. To describe how these worked, he even
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music—could pass through the machine and do wondrous things. “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns,” she wrote, using a textile metaphor, “just as the Jacquard loom weaves flowers and leaves.” The possibilities were limitless, and hers was just the mind to articulate them: mathematically brilliant and poetically incisive in equal measure
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transferred—literally punched—onto spools of three-inch-wide tape, much like the score sheet for a player piano or the pattern card of a Jacquard loom. The positions of holes in the tape, using a unique eight-bit code, corresponded to the numerals, process, and application of a given calculation. Although
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World Wide Web Internet Explorer, 172 Internet Hall of Fame, 118 Interval Research, 227–29, 231, 235 iVillage, 214, 216–21 Jacquard, Joseph-Marie, 12 Jacquard loom, 12–13, 20 Janowitz, Mary, 104–7 Jargon File, 71–72 Jennings, Betty Jean, 39, 40, 43–52, 45, 53, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62
Hacking Capitalism
by Söderberg, Johan; Söderberg, Johan;
, could arguably be dated to the aftermath of the French Revolution. The embryo of software programs is a system of perforated cards used in the Jacquard loom and first exhibited in 1801. Joseph-Marie Jacquard’s device was the culmination of a series of inventions made during the course of the eighteenth
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had required great skill of the weaver to produce luxury fabric. Not only did the weavers stand to lose their mastery in the craft, the Jacquard loom could be operated by a single weaver without the help from a drawgirl. The prospect of getting rid of the drawgirl was a strong inducement
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of combers, weavers, and artisans in the wool and cotton districts of central England. At the time of their rebellion, culminating in 1811–1813, the Jacquard loom had not yet been diffused to Great Britain.4 Their attacks were mainly directed against the power loom and related, organisational changes in the trade
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the afternoon and hack computers after dinner, without ever becoming fishermen or computer programmers. Notes Note to Introduction 1. For an account of how the Jacquard loom worked, see James Essinger, Jacquard’s Web—How a Hand Loom Led to the Birth of the Information Age (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). 2
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. Concerning the labour issues and the Jacquard loom, see Daryl Hafter “The Programmed Brocade Loom and the Decline of the Drawgirl” in ed. Martha Moore Trescott, Dynamos and Virgins Revisited: Women and Technological
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high costs of the machinery, it took another thirty years till the Jaquard loom was widely used in England. Natalie Rothstein, “The Introduction of the Jacquard Loom to Great Britain, in ed. Veronika Gervers, Studies in Textile History—In Memory of Harold B. Burnham (Toronto: Alger Press, 1977). 5. For a historical
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19, 35, 42, 65, 72–75, 80, 82–85, 111, 113–114, 119, 123, 154, 174 Internet explorer 36–37 Jacquard Joseph-Marie 1, 3 Jacquard loom, 1, 193 n.1, n.2, n.4 Jameson, Fredric 56, 64, 201 n.8, 202 n.17 Jefferson, Thomas 69, 205 n.50 Jenkins
The Trouble With Billionaires
by Linda McQuaig · 1 May 2013 · 261pp · 81,802 words
punched cards. With the insertion of the cards, the loom could effectively be programmed to carry out the complex weaving tasks on its own. The Jacquard loom, notes technology historian James Essinger, ‘was a machine of a caliber and sophistication that had never been seen before. In fact, when it was patented
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acknowledged that his idea was derived from Jacquard, even displaying a magnificent portrait of the French weaver in his home, made of silk using the Jacquard loom. While Babbage developed highly sophisticated portions of his machine, as well as detailed plans and drawings for its completion, he failed to make it actually
How We Got Here: A Slightly Irreverent History of Technology and Markets
by Andy Kessler · 13 Jun 2005 · 218pp · 63,471 words
card, the pin would lift the warp thread. Jacquard even figured out how to create a loop of punched cards so patterns could repeat. A Jacquard loom was destroyed in the public square in Lyon in 1806. It didn’t stop progress - by 1812, there were an amazing 18,000
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France. Fashion anyone? Jacquard was awarded a lifetime pension by Napoleon and unlike anyone else in this story, Jacquard has a pattern named after him. Jacquard looms made their way to England in the 1820’s and by 1833, there were more than 100,000 working Power Looms. Surprise, surprise, not everyone
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was excited about this development. Disgruntled weavers in England burnt many a Jacquard loom. Others learned to shut them down by throwing a wooden shoe, known as a sabot in French, into the loom, and so became known as
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saboteurs. The Jacquard looms were the first mechanical computers used for commerce, as opposed to the Pascaline for finance. The memory was punch card with holes or no holes
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Engine never actually worked. Still, he published many papers describing how the engine POSITIVELY ELECTRIC 41 would operate if he built it. Much like the Jacquard loom, it had punch cards that contained the program and that would be fed into the Engine, which would run the program and spit out a
Fewer, Better Things: The Hidden Wisdom of Objects
by Glenn Adamson · 6 Aug 2018 · 220pp · 64,234 words
about them is the way they act as repositories of accumulated material intelligence. Once you are familiar with a fretsaw, a laser cutter, or a Jacquard loom, you will immediately recognize its effects in a finished piece of work. Furthermore, the more powerful and efficient the tool, the more it tends to
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British mechanical engineer Charles Babbage, employed the same kind of punch cards in his so-called Analytical Engine as those that were used to program Jacquard looms; and second, in the more general sense that a loom, like a computer, is a machine for storing and executing very complex patterns, expressed in
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sheet of graph paper pattern in the design process. As you may appreciate, the possibility for complication becomes enormous rather quickly. This is why the Jacquard loom, named for its French inventor, Joseph Marie Jacquard, and publicly unveiled in 1801, was so important. He devised a means for storing the pattern of
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punch cards meant that every single pick of a textile could be unique, no repetition required. Setting up such a loom required intensive labor. Many Jacquard looms were only ever “programmed” with a stack of cards once and used to make the same textile over and over again. But once it was
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investment, emotional, here Iron Triangle, here Ive, Jonathan, here Jackson, John L., Jr., here Jackson, Maggie, here Jackson, Michael, here Jacquard, Joseph Marie, here, here Jacquard loom, here jail crafts, here Japan chanoyu (tea ceremony), here, here kintsugi method, here, here, here, here living national treasures program, here Onta ceramics, here POW
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the main weaver, configuring things called warp ends and heddles. These fundamentals of yarn work are all bits of arcana now, because variations on the Jacquard loom were adopted internationally, eliminating these last few skilled weaving jobs. The elimination of essentially all high-skilled textile jobs by the eighteenth century meant massive
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.cse.chalmers.se/~coquand/AUTOMATA/mcp.pdf 15D.O. Hebb, 1949, Organization of Behavior. New York: Wiley. 16Ironically, while Babbage’s key innovation of introducing Jacquard loom cards were included in most tabulating machines from the time IBM standardized them in 1928, they only began to be widely used to program general
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