John Markoff

The Fugitive Game: Online With Kevin Mitnick

by Jonathan Littman  · 1 Jan 1996

the FBI informant sent to develop a case against Mitnick in 1992., the Assistant U.S. Attorney in charge, fellow hackers, a phone security officer, John Markoff of the New York Times, and numerous minor characters, including a pimp and an exotic dancer. In the next few months I interviewed cellular phone

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alleged dangers to the public and national security. The chance to capture Kevin Mitnick. ■ ■ ■ My wife cups her hand over the portable phone. "It's John Markoff of the New York Times." The call was bound to come sooner or later. Though I've been researching my book about Poulsen for months

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book. I offered my suggestions, and in the book's preface the couple thanked me for my assistance. ■ ■ ■ It's a Saturday afternoon, June 1994. John Markoff launches into conversation with no mention of the four and a half years that have elapsed since we last spoke. He's all business. Markoff

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Agent Steal, working undercover for the FBI at a 1992 hacker conference. Shimomura in North Carolina Shimomura's equipment Shimomura in the Media Tsutomu Shimomura, John Markoff of the New York Times, former San Francisco Assistant U.S. Attorney Kent Walker, and Joe Orsak and Jim Murphy of Sprint Cellular. Kent Walker

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Late the morning of Tuesday, January 17, I drive over the Golden Gate Bridge toward the beautiful pastel houses of San Francisco. I've invited John Markoff to lunch to thank him for recommending me for the Playboy magazine article. I meet him at his choice high-rise office. From his desk

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Time magazine reporter. He did, and he hated it. "He's a phony," Markoff dismisses the featured hacker, and then lashes into the book. For John Markoff, there's only one hacker story worth telling. Markoff eagerly recounts a few of Mitnick's exploits, chuckling at his most outrageous hacks. We agree

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shiny blue plastic bag. Here it is, on the front page of the New York Times. DATA NETWORK IS FOUND OPEN TO NEW THREAT By John Markoff San Francisco, Jan. 22 — A Federal computer security agency has discovered that unknown intruders have developed a new way to break into computer systems,

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, you know. They're bringing up cellular involved in it. Who knows? "I know you can find out the inference here by calling your friend John Markoff because Markoff is friends with Shimomura. Why don't you just dial Markoff up and say, 'Hey, Markoff, what's the scoop?' " A couple of minutes

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a blowup of that picture and make it a Tsutomu dartboard. Yeah, hitting the sword will be the bull's-eye," Mitnick chuckles. ■ ■ ■ So far, John Markoff is my only source that Shimomura has recently been compromised at least twice to the dismay of his NSA handlers. But without any prompting, Mitnick

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s software with which he could avoid cellular charges. He says Shimomura was hacked last year and the military was angry. And that last claim John Markoff has confirmed. But the most fascinating thing was Mitnick's declaration that Shimomura was "working for the Air Force, working on a design to do

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strategic attacks on enemy foreign computer systems." An outlandish claim coming from a hacker, but John Markoff had said that Shimomura produced software for the Air Force. Perhaps the untold story is as Kevin Mitnick hypothesized, that the "government uses this code

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the New York Times reporter needs me to call him back on a Saturday, the phone rings. It's Kevin Mitnick, talking about his nemesis, John Markoff. Mitnick says his "grapevine" has been telling him that Markoff has been busily interviewing people over the weekend. "The people I talked to that he

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arrest. The writing is polished, especially Markoff's detailed profile of Shimomura's deft detective work. HOW A COMPUTER SLEUTH TRACED A DIGITAL TRAIL By John Markoff Raleigh, N.C., Feb. 15 — It takes a computer hacker to catch one. Mr. Shimomura, who is 30, is a computational physicist with a

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what about citizens becoming part of a federal investigation? "There's no legal barrier for citizens helping law enforcement," Bowler replies cheerfully. "Did you know John Markoff was present during part of the stakeout?" His face clouds. "I didn't know he was there." Bowler suddenly grimaces. "Let's go off the

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gone. The Evening News Tsutomu Shimomura and Kevin Mitnick aren't the only ones to get their fifteen minutes of fame. On Thursday, February 16, John Markoff's cyberspace reporting thrusts him into the public light. He's Noah Adams's featured guest on the National Public Radio show All Things Considered

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trying to get himself captured. "I could see he was doing things that were going to get him in trouble ..." volunteers the reporter. How did John Markoff "see" things Mitnick was doing? The legend of Kevin Mitnick is about to go global. Kevin Mitnick is the prime subject on the February 16

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uploaded to the thread, and like his Mitnick story, it too delivers a frightening conclusion, sort of like a tsunami following an earthquake. According to John Markoff and the New York Times, Mitnick didn't just steal billions of dollars of trade secrets. He also nearly destroyed the Well. HACKER CASE UNDERSCORES

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INTERNET'S VULNERABILITY By John Markoff San Francisco, Feb. 16 — In his final weeks of freedom, Kevin D. Mitnick .. . had been putting severe strains on the Well... investigators say. And

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the reporter. "John wrote the book on Kevin," Shimomura informs the crowd of journalists and network TV scouts. "The third member of our team was John Markoff," volunteers Julia Menapace, the woman who accompanied Shimomura into the courtroom. She's casually dressed in jeans, taller than Shimomura, with long brown hair. She

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Los Angeles Times asks Shimomura's girlfriend more about Markoff's assistance in the criminal investigation. "Did you [Shimomura and Menapace] have an agreement with John Markoff?" asks the reporter. "I'm not sure what was agreed," Julia Menapace says. "Markoff and Tsutomu are old friends." The slender woman smiles knowingly and

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tracking abilities. "Do you want to start?" prods another reporter. "All of you basically know the story at this point," Shimomura says into the microphone. "John Markoff, an excellent writer for the New York Times ..." "Right," a few reporters respond in unison. "Correct," says Shimomura. "Thank you very much," a local

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past Friday, we were monitoring his activities. We managed to hear an exchange between Kevin and one of his cohorts, where he was complaining about John Markoff having put his picture on the front page of the New York Times.. .. That was sort of a giveaway." A giveaway to what? That

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have technical expertise, what's his technique?" I ask. "Persistence. A lot of persistence. We didn't really study Kevin very much. You should ask John Markoff for details since he wrote the book on Kevin...." ■ ■ ■ A local reporter is puzzled by how little evidence the government seems to have of Mitnick

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other words, neither the Well, the FBI, nor their agents can disclose information about Mitnick's communications. But the Well is busy with another issue: John Markoff's published claim that the Well was "nearly destroyed" by a single hacker. Just after 3 p.m., The Well uploads its official response to

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To Markoff, it's yet another opportunity to praise his friend, Tsutomu Shimomura. CAUGHT BY THE KEYBOARD: HACKER AND GRIFTER DUEL ON THE NET By John Markoff My first inkling that Kevin Mitnick might be reading my electronic mail came more than a year ago. ... Last month ... I was less tolerant than

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Shimomura's team: A CYBERSPACE DRAGNET SNARED FUGITIVE HACKER By John Johnson The group tracking Mitnick had now grown to include New York Times reporter John Markoff.. . . "John was our Kevin expert," Shimomura said. For instance, [Julia] Menapace said, if Mitnick's signal went silent, they would turn to Markoff and

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new Times story is what's raising eyebrows on the Well. Kevin Kelly, executive editor of red-hot Wired magazine, a respected author, friend of John Markoff, and Well board member, begins posting some intriguing questions about Shimomura and the image created by the New York Times. #621 Having had "inside"

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early Monday morning, February zo, a transformation takes place. What began as a thread about the network security break-ins has become a dialogue about John Markoff. Mike Jennings (#660) comments on a post in which someone asks, "When did John cross over from Joe Journalist to Cybercop." Jennings responds, If

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agents arrested fugitive cyberthief Kevin Mitnick in Raleigh, N.C., last week, it came as no surprise to computer buffs that New York Times reporter John Markoff was there. . .. Markoff's diligence may have paid off big time. His agent reached an agreement in principle with Hyperion yesterday for Markoff for

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line and become part of the news. cyberscoop! Andrew L. Shapiro Timesman cashing in on hype? Hackers are flaming the messenger. The Establishment's Story. John Markoff earned the Mitnick scoop. He's one of the best of the new breed of journalists bringing cyberspace to the uninitiated. He deserved to be

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Along with movie deals (sources say Spielberg is interested), Markoff could make millions. Is he worth it? You bet he is. The Critic's Version. John Markoff is cashing in. He's getting rich on unethical journalistic practices and on unwarranted hysteria about the danger of computer crime — at the expense of

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in short. There was plenty of room. So then what was the real reason why the Times didn't reveal Markoff's personal involvement? a ■ ■ John Markoff goes online with his side of the story. He promptly dismisses the usefulness of the online dialogue, and then issues a statement. First, Markoff criticizes

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and says goodbye. "He was called, he participated," said John Mendez, the former U.S. Attorney in San Francisco. ■ ■ ■ The next afternoon, Wednesday, February 8, John Markoff arrives at the Well at about two o'clock. He won't leave for two hours. Shimomura is talking excitedly about how someone left him

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it," insists Shimomura to the agent from Quantico. "He's cleared through Kent." But Kent Walker later denied ever giving Shimomura such approval or knowing John Markoff was in Raleigh. Shimomura later disputed Murphy's account and said he "never told anyone from law enforcement that anyone had authorized Markoff's presence

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in Raleigh." Probable Cause John Markoff leaves the search team Monday night. The air's getting a little thick anyway, and it's not as if Markoff doesn't have plenty

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suggested I ask Shimomura for the answer. The response reminded me of what John Bowler, the Raleigh prosecutor, had said when I asked him how John Markoff came to be in Raleigh. He, too, had suggested I ask Shimomura. Shimomura seemed to be operating independently, outside of the Justice Department's

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show? ■ • ■ The media appeared captivated by Shimomura's spell. Except for the Washington Post and The Nation, most major publications and the television networks accepted John Markoff's and Tsutomu Shimomura's story at face value. Kevin Mitnick's capture made for great entertainment. Not one reporter exposed the extraordinary relationship between

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on printing any "critical" remarks I should contact him and Shimomura might respond. I sent four pages of detailed questions to Shimomura. Five weeks later, John Markoff sent me two copies of what he called their joint response, a letter bearing no signature or letterhead but with a San Francisco postmark, and

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OF INCRIMINATING OTHER INDIVIDUALS?" ■ ■ ■ When Kevin Mitnick was arrested there were two heroes, Tsutomu Shimomura, the honorable samurai, and the chronicler of Mitnick's deeds, John Markoff. Shimomura was technically superior to Kevin Mitnick, but this wasn't merely a question of computer expertise. It was a contest between two sets of

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Daily News; Spectacular Computer Crimes, by Jay Bloombecker; Adam Mitnick's death certificate; Los Angeles criminal and civil court files; Cyberpunk, by Katie Hafner and John Markoff; Joseph Wernle's Sprint and MCI phone bills; a copy of Chris Goggans's videotape of Petersen at Summer Con '92.; Lewis De Payne's

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, Social Security Administration; Kevin Mitnick; Lewis De Payne; David Schindler, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Los Angeles; Bonnie Vitello; Richard Sherman, Lewis De Payne's attorney; John Markoff of the New York Times; Kevin Pazaski of CellularOne; a Well technical support person; Brent Schroeder; Neil Clift, English security expert; Todd Young of the

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Lottor's altered Oki scanner software/interface; Young affidavit; Graystone Electronics interview; Seattle court documents. Part III Based on interviews with: Kevin Mitnick, Ron Austin, John Markoff, Neil Clift, Lewis De Payne, Mark Lottor, Kevin Poulsen, Tsutomu Shimomura, Peter Moore of Playboy magazine. Source material included: Internet "copies" of Shimomura's voice

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prosecuting attorney; David Schindler; U.S. Marshal William Berryhill Jr., Raleigh, North Carolina; Bruce Katz, Well Chief Executive Officer; Hua-Pei Chen, Well technical manager; John Markoff and the New York Times, San Francisco bureau; the Player's Club apartment manager and staff; Special Agent John Vasquez; John Bowler, Assistant U.S

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; U.S. Magistrate Wallace Dixon; John Yzurdiaga, Mitnick's attorney; David Schindler; Kevin Mitnick; anonymous deputy U.S. Marshal in Raleigh; Ivan Orton; Todd Young; John Markoff; Emmanuel Goldstein; anonymous hackers; Mark Lottor. Source material included: Well intrusion records; Rockport Company, Inc.; The Hacker Crackdown; FBI affidavit; government court filings; Mitnick Sprint

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letter of October 13, 1995; Mark Lottor; De Payne fax to the author. Following is the unsigned October 8, 1995, letter to the author from John Markoff and Tsutomu Shimomura: October 8, 1995 Jonathan Littman 38 Miller Avenue Suite 1 zz Mill Valley, California 94941 Dear Jonathan, This is in response to

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of our publisher we have decided not to participate in other books on the same subject. First, in response to your September 7 request to John Markoff, for permission to reprint his March 14 Well posting, he is not willing to give permission. However, we do think it is appropriate to

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in response to requests for assistance from both The Well and Netcom to deal with extensive and persistent break-ins. Tsutomu's decision to tell John Markoff that he was travelling to Raleigh on Sunday morning was done without contact with any law enforcement agency. Markoff flew to Raleigh independently six hours

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owners. The first discussion of the possibility of a book on the subject of Kevin Mitnick's arrest took place on Thursday February 16, when John Markoff received a telephone call from John Brockman, a New York City literary agent, proposing a collaboration between Markoff and Shimomura. You will remember, we

Fancy Bear Goes Phishing: The Dark History of the Information Age, in Five Extraordinary Hacks

by Scott J. Shapiro  · 523pp  · 154,042 words

obsessed with cybersecurity, especially with finding holes in seemingly secure software, and they would talk about the subject often. As the New York Times reporter John Markoff put it, “The case, with all its bizarre twists, illuminates the cerebral world of a father and son—and indeed a whole modern subculture— obsessed

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will wait until the next chapter. But in short the worm attacked Finger, the same UNIX service that betrayed Robert Morris Jr.’s identity to John Markoff. To send a Finger request, you would type, say, “finger rtm”—rtm being Robert Tappan Morris’s username. Finger would then look up rtm and

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pale complexion, thin frame, hangdog posture, ill-fitting suit, and utter lack of guile might sway the jury to show him mercy. The plan failed. John Markoff, who attended the trial for The New York Times, described Robert as “slightly aloof, less endearing than he might have been.” His earnestness was his

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Tour of the Worm,” 2. “machines were crashing”: Testimony of Dean Krafft, Morris transcript, 132. disconnect the department computers: Krafft, Morris transcript, 134. Bell Labs: John Markoff, “How a Need for Challenge Seduced Computer Expert,” The New York Times, November 6, 1988. “under attack”: Email, The “Security Digest” Archives, https://web.archive

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M. Fisher, “On the Front Lines in Battling Electronic Invader,” The New York Times, November 5, 1988. shy and awkward young man: See, e.g., John Markoff, “Author of Computer ‘Virus’ Is Son of N.S.A. Expert on Data Security,” The New York Times, November 5, 1988. installed a remote terminal

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: Katie Hafner and John Markoff, Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 265. sold by Radio Shack: Lily Rothman, “The Personal Computer That

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Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin’s Most Dangerous Hackers (New York: Doubleday, 2019). 1. The Great Worm “There is not one”: John Markoff, “‘Virus’ in Military Computers Disrupts Systems Nationwide,” The New York Times, November 4, 1988. Andy sent out: Email, The “Security Digest” Archives, https://web.archive

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Tweezers: The Worm from MIT’s Perspective,” Communications of the ACM 32, no. 6 (1989): 690–91. “Can I talk to Dad?”: Katie Hafner and John Markoff, Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontiers (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 311. Atlantic City … unironically: Papers were presented at the Spring Joint

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McIlroy, “A Research UNIX Reader: Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer’s Manual, 1971–1986,” https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~doug/reader.pdf. long, graying beard: John Markoff, “Robert Morris, Pioneer in Computer Security, Dies at 78,” The New York Times, June 29, 2011. “For a cryptographer”: Michael Wines, “A Youth’s Passion

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York Times, November 11, 1988. “not a career plus”: Wines, “A Youth’s Passion for Computers, Gone Sour.” “The case, with all its bizarre twists”: John Markoff, “How a Need for Challenge Seduced Computer Expert,” The New York Times, November 6, 1988. Through Finger, a now-defunct: It was Cliff Stoll’s

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over time is a mosaic of hundreds of independently operating CERTs across the world,” 92. 2. How the Tortoise Hacked Achilles “That attitude is completely”: John Markoff, “Living with the Computer Whiz Kids,” The New York Times, November 8, 1988. See also “Hacker’s Fate Hangs in the Balance,” Syracuse Herald-Journal

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, February 1, 1989, A4. permitted to reapply: John Markoff, “Cornell Suspends Computer Student,” The New York Times, May 25, 1989. Some observed that Morris was using the very skills that made him attractive to

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being a good hacker, and we certainly need that in the department and that’s why he was admitted.” “When all is said and done”: John Markoff, “How a Need for Challenge Seduced Computer Expert,” The New York Times, November 8, 1988. calling it a “virus”: Mark W. Eichin and Jon A

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x14481910.c (removes bootstrap source code and compiled binary when finished); quit (quit from SMTP). how he would ever explain data decryption: Katie Hafner and John Markoff, Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), 333. invaded their systems: These administrators worked at University of California

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a service process that usually runs in the background. “Mr. Morris, would it be fair”: Morris, Morris transcript, 1184. “It’s perfectly honest to say”: John Markoff, “Computer Intruder Is Found Guilty,” The New York Times, January 23, 1990. “an aggravating or mitigating circumstance”: 18 USC §3553 b(1). “Although in and

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of itself”: Morris, “Judgment Including Sentence under the Sentencing Reform Act,” addendum, 6. “I still don’t feel”: John Markoff, “Computer Intruder Is Put on Probation and Fined $10,000,” The New York Times, May 5, 1990. Legal fees came close to $150,000: Robert

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not depend on other people’s opinions. hunter-gatherer societies: See Azar Gat, War in Human Civilization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). countercultural outsiders: See John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Viking, 2005). Congress updated FISA: The Protect America Act of

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Sidekick Hack,” SC Media, February 22, 2005, https://www.scmagazine.com/home/security-news/t-mobile-reacts-to-hiltons-sidekick-hack/. an attack called Bluesnarfing: John Markoff and Laura Holson, “An Oscar Surprise: Vulnerable Phones,” The New York Times, March 2, 2005. Bluetooth technology: “Danger Hiptop 2 / Sidekick II,” Phone Scoop, https

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Word; as national security threat; pay-per-install; selling and acquisition of; viruses contrasted with; X-Agent Russian; see also botnets; viruses; vorms; wiruses; worms Markoff, John Marquardt, David Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): Corbató CTSS invention at; IBM early computers and; Morris as professor at; worm released at Mateev, Lubomir Matrix

The Best of 2600: A Hacker Odyssey

by Emmanuel Goldstein  · 28 Jul 2008  · 889pp  · 433,897 words

our own film.... When Hackers Ride Horses: A Review of Cyberpunk (Summer, 1991) Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier By Katie Hafner and John Markoff $22.95, Simon and Schuster, 354 pages Review by The Devil’s Advocate The exploits of Kevin Mitnick, Pengo, and Robert Morris have become legendary

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Mitnick into “the most wanted computer hacker in the world.” Readers will remember Mitnick as the spiteful and vindictive teenager featured in Katie Hafner and John Markoff’s Cyberpunk: Computers and Outlaws on the Electronic Frontier. At the time of its release, Cyberpunk’s portrayal of Mitnick was thought to be biased

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praiseworthy for an investigative work, in this case, the kudos are indeed appropriate because Littman seems to be the only one doing the questioning. Certainly John Markoff, despite Cyberpunk and all of his New York Times pieces, has never bothered to scratch below the surface of Mitnick or acquire the true facts

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themselves, can make a point, and good questions can make for a fine piece of journalistic work. Fugitive, then, is as much a story about John Markoff as it is about Mitnick. Here we learn that Markoff has been obsessed with Mitnick for years. And Markoff had everything he needed to fulfill

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writing, although we could certainly go on at length about the self-centered, egotistical prattling of Tsutomu Shimomura. Rather, it was his and co-writer John Markoff’s questionable motives in bringing this story to the American public that have made an increasing number of people take notice. Consider the facts. Markoff

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bending the truth while using real names. But, as indicated above, the only reason Mitnick is a public figure is because of the antics of John Markoff and Tsutomu Shimomura. Without the two Markoff books and all of those front page articles that wound up feeding hundreds of other newspapers and magazines

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subscribers entitled, “Netcom Helps Protect The Internet.” Nearly every story ever written about Kevin Mitnick can be traced to one source: New York Times reporter John Markoff. Markoff was also the co-author of 1991’s Cyberpunk, a book that focused on Kevin Mitnick (among others) and which was described by Mitnick (2600

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law enforcement agencies, 620–623 marine telephone fraud, 423–424 Market Navigation, 81 MARK-facer canceler, USPS, 373–374, 376–377 marking methods, viruses, 291 Markoff, John lies of, 249–250, 252 as portrayed in The Fugitive Game, 246–247 stories about Kevin Mitnick, 529 Marshall, General, 4–5 MasterCard, 113 Masters

Valley of Genius: The Uncensored History of Silicon Valley (As Told by the Hackers, Founders, and Freaks Who Made It Boom)

by Adam Fisher  · 9 Jul 2018  · 611pp  · 188,732 words

I was most impressed about was that Stewart Brand, of the Whole Earth Catalog, was our photographer. Talk about somebody to loosen up the atmosphere! John Markoff: Stewart was really the person who, more than anybody, shepherded psychedelic drugs from the spiritual and the therapeutic to the recreational. He was the vector

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line with the romantic fantasies of the forefathers of the science… These are heads, most of them. Half or more of computer science is heads. John Markoff: One of the terms of art then was head, meaning “acid head.” Alvy Ray Smith: Corporate Xerox was three-piece button-down suits—businessmen in

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month. Trip Hawkins: VisiCalc was the number one driver. Word processing was the number two driver. And that was a pretty potent one-two punch. John Markoff: The Apple II was about getting out of the hobbyist ghetto and making personal computing accessible to the broader world. At its peak the Apple

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on De Anza Junior College campus in Cupertino. Jobs is the emcee. But before the big reveal, he delivers a short Valley-centric history lesson. John Markoff: There had been leaks ahead of the Macintosh for years—literally—and so there had been tremendous buildup. There was the failure of the Lisa

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bag, plugs it in, turns it on—and walks away so that Macintosh can “introduce itself” while sitting unattended on the podium at center stage. John Markoff: Macintosh spoke when it came out of that bag. The Macintosh computer (from the stage): Hello, I’m Macintosh. It sure is great to get

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: It was a hugely successful launch: I think it got more publicity than any launch that has occurred before or since, so it obviously worked. John Markoff: Macintosh was Steve’s marketing sensibilities coming into full flower. It was orchestrated in a way that he would later routinize—the onstage presentation format

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lot of the BASIC people from Homebrew were there. A lot of the founding fathers were there, definitely: a lot of the old-school hackers. John Markoff: I was there, hanging out. Fabrice Florin: You really had all the players all in one place. It was a big deal. Michael Naimark: I

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said, “Well, software—this kind of information—wants to be expensive, but it also wants to be free because it’s so easy to copy.” John Markoff: It was a dialectic, right? Stewart is not a Marxist, but it was a very Marxist view of the information economy. Steven Levy: It was

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every technology that defines today’s online experience. Alan Kay: A lot of people think the internet appeared in the nineties. It started in 1969. John Markoff: Today’s internet started with the ARPANET, and the ARPANET started with two nodes, and one of them was in Southern California and the other

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and put together this network, and I volunteered to start a Network Information Center and that’s sort of why they put me on early. John Markoff: The NLS system was supposed to be the first killer app for ARPANET, which became the internet. Bob Taylor: But the ARPANET was not an

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wasn’t even on the radar. Scott Hassan: So at the time he started doing this, there were already a few search engines out there. John Markoff: The Yahoo model was actually to try to structure the information on the internet by sorting it—by hand—into categories. Then people created search

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.” At Stanford you had to do something fundamentally new, so you couldn’t do something that’s already done, because that’s not cool, right? John Markoff: There were so many search engines at the time. They were all over the place. Building the crawler and downloading the web was not Google

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web page has a number. Larry Page: Then we were like, “Wow, this is really good. It ranks things in the order you expect them!” John Markoff: It’s a very simple idea: You saw the most popular things first. PageRank was an algorithm that looked at what other humans thought was

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were like, “HTML? It’s not like you can build a company on that!” And so they were like, “They’re not that hard-core.” John Markoff: The San Francisco scene really emerged with the web. Tiffany Shlain: At the time there were only sixteen million people online—and a lot of

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the company based on margins and return. That stuff doesn’t apply anymore.” I think the people saying those things believed them, I really do. John Markoff: Silicon Valley began to move north. It began to be about software instead of hardware. It began to be about commercializing and disrupting normal business

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Amazon. They were very basic ideas, and some of them were completely inconsequential like the Spot, and some of them more world-defining like Amazon. John Markoff: Silicon Valley had been an insular world dominated by engineers, and now it was touching the mainstream. Tiffany Shlain: The first Webby awards were in

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working on them the year before. I wanted to create something that was just as edgy and crazy as the web was at that time. John Markoff: The Webbys was doing something that was an imitation of Hollywood in Silicon Valley. Tiffany Shlain: That first year I brought in Cintra Wilson as

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, “That’s a friggin’ brilliant idea!” She came out in a dominatrix outfit, and if anyone went over the five words, she would whip them. John Markoff: It was just so odd and off-putting to me—even though I am a judge. Joey Anuff: From 1997 to 1998, it got to

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went. Pets.com—whoever thought that was a good idea?—went. The Globe had the highest run-up and then a year later was bankrupt. John Markoff: Pets.com and Webvan—nobody believed in those. They had the air of excess right from the start. Andy Grignon: We were doing stupid stuff

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company went bankrupt, but it certainly doesn’t now. Chewy.com was just sold to Petsmart. It was the biggest e-commerce sale in history! John Markoff: So was Webvan ahead of its time? Well, there’s this experiment called Instacart which seems to be working. Brad Stone: They weren’t bad

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, and we’ll just keep making money and doing whatever.” But when we came back he could not get a job to save his life. John Markoff: It was like a neutron bomb went off. It all happened incredibly quickly. One day the sky was the limit, and then the sky wasn

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kind of our exit from San Francisco. Yves Béhar: People had to go home. One hundred thousand people left the Bay Area at that time. John Markoff: It really cleared out. Patty Beron: The world was a changed place. The mood was totally different. It was very somber, very quiet: no e

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the site was basically about parties, and the mood was not the mood to be throwing parties of any kind. It had run its cycle. John Markoff: The best thing about the collapse was all of a sudden you could drive on 101 and 280. Yves Béhar: Traffic went from being absolutely

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big cost. Jobs betrayed the power-to-the-people ideals that had animated his youth, early Apple, and the personal computer movement as a whole. John Markoff: I was super disappointed. For me iTunes meant that the PC was becoming an entertainment device. I was still back in the bicycle-of-the

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. And you know I would try to get him back interested in wheels for the mind—“Remember that, Steve?”—instead of dumbed-down user interfaces. John Markoff: Steve didn’t look backward very much. NeXT and the Mac were really targeted at this notion of augmentation that Engelbart had thought up years

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he’d sit down on the chair, rest, turn around, and walk back again. He counted his steps and each day pressed a little farther. John Markoff: I remember him coming back from one of his sabbaticals and seeing him at the Stanford Apple Store. He was much thinner, but he looked

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always was very kind of imperious: “No! We’re not doing that!” But then after he got sick he started articulating his thinking behind things. John Markoff: He came back to Apple for the last time in the spring of 2011 and we knew he was in bad shape. I just sent

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of his life he seemed very changed and he really, he was going back in his mind thinking about those early times, before Apple even. John Markoff: Jobs would get sentimental. Somehow that led into a discussion of how significant an event taking LSD had been for him. He said it was

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to get out of there like a thief in the night. It’s better to earn your way in, and then you can stay forever. John Markoff: What I found most striking was that he said that it was something that his wife didn’t share with him and it was something

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1800s—was the single best piece of architecture in California. And it’s in his backyard. Andy Hertzfeld: It’s walking distance. A long walk. John Markoff: What I remember in walking up with Steven Levy was that the security was so intense that it felt like a presidential event. It wasn

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Obama was coming, but he didn’t. Rahm Emanuel came, but no Obama. Jon Rubinstein: Clinton was there—lots of billionaires, lots of famous people. John Markoff: Joan Baez and George Lucas and Larry Ellison and Bill Gates and John Warnock, and, and, and… John Couch: Everyone was there! There were competitors

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butted heads with. They were there. Dan Kottke: I was not invited. Alvy Ray Smith: I wasn’t invited. Steve Wozniak: I did not go. John Markoff: The crowd was really kind of stunning. It was sort of an affair of state, a Silicon Valley affair of state. Wayne Goodrich: Everything was

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respect and a sense of mortality for all of us. Mike Slade: So anyway, we get escorted into the church: five hundred, seven hundred people? John Markoff: They don’t fill Memorial Chapel completely. Jon Rubinstein: It was a beautiful service. Clearly it had been stage-managed by Steve from beyond the

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grave. John Markoff: Yo-Yo Ma played first and wonderfully. Andy Hertzfeld: It was really deep, just heartbreakingly beautiful, one of the most emotional pieces of music I

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’ve ever heard. John Markoff: Afterward he briefly introduced the event and told a short, funny story about how Steve had wanted him to play at his funeral and how

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that’s not what she did. So it was wonderful—really brilliant, and I actually learned a lot from it—but it was surprising, right? John Markoff: Reed followed her and spoke about his dad. He told a sweet story about being a young child and sleeping in a crib in a

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in time, knowing that they would never really know or interact with their father as true adults… I felt very bad, very bad, very empathic. John Markoff: Evie read “The Crazy Ones” in a clear voice. Eve Jobs (from the stage): “Here’s to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The

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the crazy ones, we see genius. Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.” John Markoff: I cried. Wayne Goodrich: The wave of emotion in the church was such that it was a conscious effort to even keep my perception about

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me, instead of just breaking down in a pool of my own tears. John Markoff: Mona Simpson spoke and told of how she met her brother and about their relationship. It was much closer than I realized. She, too, talked

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he met Laurene: “There’s this beautiful woman and she’s really smart and she has this dog and I’m going to marry her.” John Markoff: Joan Baez stood, and her guitar was brought out and she sang “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.” Mike Slade: She sat down with the guitar and

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played it. She hit the high note and my spine shivered. I was just blown away. John Markoff: Her voice is all still there. Mike Slade: She was seventy and it just blew everybody’s doors off. John Markoff: Bono and Slash sang. First Dylan’s “Every Grain of Sand” and then a U2

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, “One.” Mike Slade: Dylan was supposed to play the first song and he blew them off. They asked him to play and he said no. John Markoff: To sing Dylan, Bono placed an iPad on a music stand to remember the words with. Bono (singing Bob Dylan’s song): “I hear the

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other about Larry because it had a lot of the pronoun I in it—shall we say—for a eulogy. But anyway, he meant well. John Markoff: After the service everyone filed out and walked across the oval to the Rodin Sculpture Garden. Ron Johnson: We get out of the church and

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Macintosh, which wasn’t really a computer, just a program that looked like a computer and led to big problems later on; and the NeXT. John Markoff: Still, Steve was emblematic of the Valley, rising to represent how it touched the popular culture. He is the vector for Alan Kay’s insight

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Brooklyn. Alvy Ray Smith: In San Francisco, I’ve never seen skyscrapers go up so fast. It’s completely changing the nature of San Francisco! John Markoff: The Salesforce Tower—this vertical campus that they are building—has surpassed the Transamerica building, surpassed the Bank of America Center. It dominates the skyline

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” that young Woz and Jobs needed at the beginning. After Jobs had returned as CEO to the company that he founded in 1996, Markkula retired. John Markoff was the New York Times’s Silicon Valley expert for almost thirty years. His book What the Dormouse Said is the definitive look at the

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, but there were some who showed a generosity of spirit that was humbling. In no particular order, they are: Alissa Bushnell, Clive Thompson, Steve Coast, John Markoff, Vanessa Grigoriadis, Christina Engelbart, Bruce Damer, the guys from the RetroGaming Roundup podcast (Mike Kennedy, Mike James, and Scott Schreiber), Leonard Herman, Zak Penn, Alex

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: New Pathways to the Library of Congress by Michael Lawrence and Julian Krainen. Ken Kesey’s “next thing after acid” quote can be found in John Markoff’s excellent history, What the Dormouse Said. Ready Player One Ted Dabney’s quotes are taken from the RetroGaming Roundup podcast #24, October 2010, conducted

Ghost in the Wires: My Adventures as the World's Most Wanted Hacker

by Kevin Mitnick  · 14 Aug 2011

’t disclose to me that he was writing a book about my life until after I was arrested in Raleigh. Earlier I had turned down John Markoff and his wife, Katie Hafner, about cooperating on a book, and I would have never agreed to speak to Littman if he had told me

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article and can’t believe my eyes. Only the first phrase of the story is pleasing to me, crediting me with “technical wizardry.” From there, John Markoff, the Times reporter who has written the article, goes on to say that “law-enforcement officials cannot seem to catch up with him,” which is

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hackers, because they wanted to make money from my story while I myself would make no money from it. It also brought back memories of John Markoff telling me in a phone call that if I didn’t agree to an interview, anything anyone else said about me would be considered truthful

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enough that the system admins wouldn’t notice them. In fact, I had been spending lots of time on the site. A few days after John Markoff’s front-page New York Times story appeared, I discovered he had an account on the Well. An easy target: I had been reading his

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had overlooked. Sifting through Shimmy’s old emails, I came across messages back and forth between him and my nemesis, New York Times technology scribe John Markoff. The two of them had been exchanging emails going back to early 1991 about me—trading bits of information on what I was up to

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. That night Koball looked at his next-day edition of the New York Times and saw a page-one story in the Business section by John Markoff, under the headline “Taking a Computer Crime to Heart.” The story included this: It was as if the thieves, to prove their prowess, had burglarized

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on at this early-morning hour. A while later they got a lucky break. The Sprint technician running the surveillance equipment picked up a conversation. John Markoff, who had just arrived in Raleigh to join the chase, recognized one of the voices. It was the well-known founder of the magazine 2600

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else and lead the parade to find me. He glares at me. He and his girlfriend are giving me the eagle eye, especially the lady. John Markoff starts scribbling. The hearing lasts only a few minutes, ending with an order from the Magistrate that I be held without bail. And once again

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, the documentary about the “Free Kevin” movement. It went a long way toward counteracting the gross inaccuracies of Takedown. It even contained footage in which John Markoff admitted that his single source for claiming I’d hacked into NORAD was a convicted phone phreak known for spreading false rumors. When it came

Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots

by John Markoff  · 24 Aug 2015  · 413pp  · 119,587 words

| Walking Away 6 | Collaboration 7 | To the Rescue 8 | “One Last Thing” 9 | Masters, Slaves, or Partners? Acknowledgments Notes Index About the Author Also by John Markoff Credits Copyright About the Publisher PREFACE In the spring of 2014 I parked in front of the small café adjacent to the Stanford Golf Course

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live a good life with the aid of the machines,” he wrote, “or we can be arrogant and die.” It is still a fair warning. John Markoff San Francisco, California January 2015 1|BETWEEN HUMAN AND MACHINE Bill Duvall was already a computer hacker when he dropped out of college. Not long

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distinction was famously made by Richard Stallman, an iconoclastic software developer who pioneered the concept of freely shared software. 1|BETWEEN HUMAN AND MACHINE 1.John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Viking, 2005), 282. 2.Moshe Y. Vardi, “The Consequences of

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Symbiosis,” IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE-1 (March 1960): 4–11, http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html. 5.John Markoff, “Can Machines Think? Humans Match Wits,” New York Times, November 9, 1991, http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/09/us/can-machines-think-humans-match

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.James R. Hagerty, “A Roboticist’s Trip from Mines to the Moon,” Wall Street Journal, July 2, 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304569504576405671616928518. 4.John Markoff, “The Creature That Lives in Pittsburgh,” New York Times, April 21, 1991, http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/21/business/the-creature-that-lives-in

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-pittsburgh.html. 5.John Markoff, “Google Cars Drive Themselves, in Traffic,” New York Times, October 9, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/science/10google.html?pagewanted=all. 6

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.“Electronic Stability Control Systems for Heavy Vehicles,” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012, http://www.nhtsa.gov/Laws+&+Regulations/Electronic+Stability+Control+(ESC). 7.John Markoff, “Police, Pedestrians and the Social Ballet of Merging: The Real Challenges for Self-Driving Cars,” New York Times, May 29, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes

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/303881. 12.Peter Norvig, keynote address, NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Conference, Stanford, California, February 5, 2014. 3|A TOUGH YEAR FOR THE HUMAN RACE 1.John Markoff, “Skilled Work, without the Worker,” New York Times, August 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/19/business/new-wave-of-adept-robots-is

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Rebuffs Bid to Harvard Symposium of Calculating Machinery,” New York Times, January 9, 1947. 10.Norbert Wiener, “A Scientist Rebels,” Atlantic Monthly, January 1947. 11.John Markoff, “In 1949, He Imagined an Age of Robots,” New York Times, May 20, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/science/mit-scholars-1949

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, The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era (New York: Putnam, 1995), xvii. 23.John Markoff, “Armies of Expensive Lawyers, Replaced by Cheaper Software,” New York Times, March 4, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/05/science/05legal.html?pagewanted

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, no. 4 (2012), http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.756236#.VQTPKCbHi_A. 3.Ibid. 4.John Markoff, “Robotic Vehicles Race, but Innovation Wins,” New York Times, September 14, 2005. 5.John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Viking, 2005). 6

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. 28.Robert Geraci, Apocalyptic AI: Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality, reprint edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 2. 29.John Markoff, “John McCarthy, 84, Dies; Computer Design Pioneer,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/26/science/26mccarthy.html?pagewanted=all. 30.Hans Moravec

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Science, September 1982, 58. 41.Ibid. 42.Ibid. 43.United Press International, “New Navy Device Learns by Doing,” New York Times, July 7, 1958. 44.John Markoff, “Researchers Announce Breakthrough in Content Recognition Software,” New York Times, November 17, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/science/researchers-announce-breakthrough-in

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_Human_Computer_Interaction_-_an_interview_with_Terry_Winograd. 7.Terry Winograd lecture, “Filling in the ‘H’ in HCI,” mediaX 2013 Conference, January 8, 2013. 8.John Markoff, “Joseph Weizenbaum, Famed Programmer, Is Dead at 85,” New York Times, March 13, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/13/world/europe/13weizenbaum.html

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, “Radioactive Robot: The Machines That Cleaned Up Three Mile Island,” Scientific American, March 27, 2009, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/three-mile-island-robots. 5.John Markoff, “The Creature That Lives in Pittsburgh,” New York Times, April 21, 1991, http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/21/business/the-creature-that-lives-in

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. 16.“The Hopkins Beast,” Field Robotics Center, 1960, http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/1960.html. 8|“ONE LAST THING” 1.John Markoff, “A Free and Simple Computer Link,” New York Times, December 8, 1993, http://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/08/business/business-technology-a-free-and

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Board, “The Role of Autonomy in DoD Systems,” U.S. Department of Defense, July 2012, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/AutonomyReport.pdf. 8.John Markoff, “Already Anticipating ‘Terminator’ Ethics,” New York Times, November 24, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/24/science/already-anticipating-terminator-ethics.html. 9.Bill

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–275 magnetometers, 125–127 Maker Movement, 213–214 Mako Surgical, 271–272 “Man-Computer Symbiosis” (Licklider), 24, 163 Marcuse, Herbert, 173–174 Markel, Lester, 71 Markoff, John, xi Markram, Henry, 144, 155 Marr, David, 46, 145 Massie, Thomas, 258 McAfee, Andrew, 79, 82–83, 86–87 McCarthy, John AI terminology coined by

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, 255–256 Winograd and, 178–179 Yahoo!, 259 Yale University, 180–181 Yaskawa (robot), 243 Zakos, John, 222, 223 Zuckerberg, Mark, 157 ABOUT THE AUTHOR JOHN MARKOFF has been a technology and science reporter at the New York Times since 1988. He was part of the team of Times reporters that won

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Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. He lives in San Francisco, California. Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com. ALSO BY JOHN MARKOFF What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America’s Most Wanted

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. Copyright © 1967 by Richard Brautigan. Reprinted with the permission of the Estate of Richard Brautigan; all rights reserved. MACHINES OF LOVING GRACE. Copyright © 2015 by John Markoff. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to

The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution

by Walter Isaacson  · 6 Oct 2014  · 720pp  · 197,129 words

began to change. “Computing went from being dismissed as a tool of bureaucratic control to being embraced as a symbol of individual expression and liberation,” John Markoff wrote in his history of the period, What the Dormouse Said.8 In The Greening of America, which served as a manifesto for the new

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competing session was being presented by Les Earnest, who had cofounded, with the MIT refugee John McCarthy, the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab. As reported by John Markoff in What the Dormouse Said, their session featured a film about a robot that acted as if it could hear and see things. The two

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College in December 1993, Justin Hall picked up a stray copy of the New York Times in the student lounge and read a story by John Markoff about the Mosaic browser. “Think of it as a map to the buried treasures of the Information Age,” it began. “A new software program available

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Wozniak. I’m also grateful to people who gave useful advice along the way, including Ken Auletta, Larry Cohen, David Derbes, John Doerr, John Hollar, John Markoff, Lynda Resnick, Joe Zeff, and Michael Moritz. Rahul Mehta at the University of Chicago and Danny Z. Wilson at Harvard read an early draft to

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, Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari (McGraw-Hill, 1984); Henry Lowood, “Videogames in Computer Space: The Complex History of Pong,” IEEE Annals, July 2009; John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said (Viking, 2005, locations refer to the Kindle edition); Al Alcorn interview, Retro Gaming Roundup, May 2011; Al Alcorn interview, conducted by

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(Anchor/Doubleday, 1984; locations refer to the twenty-fifth anniversary reissue, O’Reilly, 2010); Paul Freiberger and Michael Swaine, Fire in the Valley (Osborne, 1984); John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said (Viking, 2005, locations refer to the Kindle edition); Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture (University of Chicago, 2006); Theodore Roszak, From

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, Tools for Thought, 190. 41. Author’s interview with Stewart Brand; video of the Mother of All Demos. 42. Markoff, What the Dormouse Said, 2734. John Markoff found the reports of the Les Earnest demonstration in the Stanford microfilm archives. Markoff’s book provides a good analysis of the distinction between augmented

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. Alan Kay interview, conducted by Kate Kane, Perspectives on Business Innovation, May 2002. 73. Bob Taylor discussion, University of Texas, Sept. 17, 2009, conducted by John Markoff, http://transcriptvids.com/v/jvbGAPJSDJI.html. 74. Author’s interview with Bob Taylor; Hiltzik, Dealers of Lightning, 4834. 75. Fred Moore’s tale is detailed

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’s interview with Bill Gates. 73. Allen, Idea Man, 1376. 74. Fred Moore, “It’s a Hobby,” Homebrew Computer Club newsletter, June 7, 1975. 75. John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said (Viking, 2005; locations refer to the Kindle edition), 4633; Steven Levy, Hackers (Anchor/Doubleday, 1984; locations refer to the twenty-fifth

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.org/riptide/. 51. Author’s interview with Marc Andreessen. 52. Author’s interview with Tim Berners-Lee. 53. Author’s interview with Marc Andreessen. 54. John Markoff, “A Free and Simple Computer Link,” New York Times, Dec. 8, 1993. 55. This section is primarily based on my interviews with Justin Hall and

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; “The Connectome of a Decision-Making Neural Network,” Science, July 27, 2012; The Dana Foundation, https://www.dana.org/News/Details.aspx?id=43512. 16. John Markoff, “Brainlike Computers, Learning from Experience,” New York Times, Dec. 28, 2013. Markoff, who has long done thoughtful reporting on this field, is writing a book

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, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5 bomb calculations done on, ref1 Hopper’s history of, ref1, ref2 operation of, ref1 speed of, ref1, ref2 Mark II, ref1 Markoff, John, ref1, ref2, ref3n, ref4 Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, The (von Neumann), ref1 Matsumoto, Craig, ref1 Mauchly, Jimmy, ref1 Mauchly, John, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

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version of this book online, Steve Wozniak said that Dan Sokol made only eight copies, because they were hard and time-consuming to make. But John Markoff, who reported this incident in What the Dormouse Said, shared with me (and Woz and Felsenstein) the transcript of his interview with Dan Sokol, who

The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America

by Margaret O'Mara  · 8 Jul 2019

up the software engineering staff, and building a volleyball court out back. And it all happened mind-blowingly fast. The New York Times’ technology reporter John Markoff filed his very first story about the World Wide Web in early December 1993. “In the next four years,” he remembered, “I was run over

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Lissa Morgenthaler-Jones for critical vetting of key passages. Several very busy people generously agreed to read in full: Tom Alberg, Phil Deutch, Marne Levine, John Markoff, Brad Smith, Mark Vadon, and Ed Zschau. Their seasoned perspectives made this book better, and any remaining errors of fact or interpretation are mine alone

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) traces the intellectual lineage from cybernetics to personal computing to early online communities such as the WELL. On this generational and cultural confluence, also see John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said (2007), and David Kaiser, How the Hippies Saved Physics (2011). Michael A. Hiltzik tells the history of Xerox PARC in Dealers

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Alex Roland with Philip Shiman, Strategic Computing (2002). The environmental and social costs of the era’s tech boom are explored in Lenny Siegel and John Markoff, The High Cost of High Tech (1985). On the culture wars on campus and beyond, see Andrew Hartman, A War for the Soul of America

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, or, Machines That Think (1949), remain fascinating and revealing reads. Secondary works that helped inform this part of the story include Daniel Crevier, AI (1993); John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace (2015); and Thomas Rid, Rise of the Machines (2016). The impact of automation and robotics on work is a deservedly hot

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Fred Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006); John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Penguin, 2005); David Kaiser, How the Hippies Saved Physics: Science

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, archived at https://perma.cc/X96L-UZAK. 15. Lawrence E. Davies, “De Gaulle Hailed by San Francisco,” The New York Times, April 28, 1960, 2; John Markoff, correspondence with the author, September 21, 2018; audience conversation with the author, Stanford Historical Society, Stanford, Calif., January 22, 2004. Waverly Street, already famous for

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33, no. 4 (October–December 2011): 84–85; Daniel Crevier, AI: The Tumultuous History of the Search for Artificial Intelligence (New York: Basic Books, 1993); John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots (New York: HarperCollins, 2015). 4. McCarthy, “Memorandum to P. M. Morse Proposing

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, “Meet Shaky, the First Electronic Person—The Fearsome Reality of a Machine with a Mind of Its Own,” Life Magazine, November 20, 1970, 58B–68; John Markoff, Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots (New York: HarperCollins, 2015), 7–8, 95–131. ACT TWO 1. Floyd

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Times, September 7, 1986, 1. 2. Regis McKenna, interview with the author, May 31, 2016, Menlo Park, Calif.; “CHM Revolutionaries: Regis McKenna in Conversation with John Markoff,” video, The Computer History Museum, February 6, 2014; Jaime González-Arintero, “Digital? Every Idiot Can Count to One,” Elektor, May 27, 2015; Harry McCracken, “Regis

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. Daryl E. Lembke, “Police Wield Clubs in Oakland to Quell War Demonstrators,” The Los Angeles Times, October 18, 1967, 1; Felsenstein, oral history interview 9; John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Penguin, 2005), 268–69. 7. “Alumnae,” Helen Temple Cooke Library

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, D.C.: Government Printing Office, April 1980). 15. Southern California Computer Society, Interface 1, no. 1 (September 1975), Box 1, Liza Loop Papers M1141, SU; John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Penguin, 2005), 273–75. 16. Liza Loop, “Inside the ‘Technical

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://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-homebrew-computer-club-2013-reunion/, archived at https://perma.cc/RZ9J-M6ZN. 2. On the activism of Fred Moore, see John Markoff, What the Dormouse Said:: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry (New York: Penguin, 2005), 31–40, 186–96; Lee Felsenstein, oral history

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–1997, M1007, Series 7, Box 15, FF 3, SU. 9. McKenna, correspondence with the author, September 6, 2018; “CHM Revolutionaries: Regis McKenna in Conversation with John Markoff,” video, The Computer History Museum, February 6, 2014; Memorandum, June 22, 1976, Regis McKenna Inc. Advertising, reproduced in McCracken, “Regis McKenna’s 1976 Notebook.” 10

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(Dec. 26, 1983, 142) and Jobs (WSJ, Oct, 4, 1983, 1) both quoted in Thomas & Company, “Competitive Dynamics in the Microcomputer Industry,” 24, 26. 21. John Markoff, “Adam Osborne, Pioneer of the Portable PC, Dies at 64,” The New York Times, March 26, 2003, C13; Daniel Akst, “The Rise and Decline of

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Future City is Here, ed. Jeffrey Hou, Ben Spencer, Thaisa Way, and Ken Yocom (Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge, 2015), 26–42. 6. Lenny Siegel and John Markoff, The High Cost of High Tech: The Dark Side of the Chip (New York: Harper & Row, 1985); Glenna Matthews, Silicon Valley, Women, and the California

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Jose Mercury News, May 9, 1990, A1. 2. Neil Steinberg, “Hacker Sting Nets Arrests in 14 Cities,” Chicago Sun-Times, May 11, 1990, 16. 3. John Markoff, “Drive to Counter Computer Crime Aims at Invaders,” The New York Times, June 3, 1990, 1. 4. Mitch Kapor, interview with the author, September 19

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, see Juan D. Rogers, “Internetworking and the Politics of Science: NSFNET in Internet History,” The Information Society 14, no. 3 (2006): 213–28. Also see John Markoff, “The Team That Put the Net in Orbit,” The New York Times, December 9, 2007, B5. 9. Testimony of Mitchell Kapor, Management of NSFNET: Hearing

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,” San Jose Mercury News, February 23, 1993, A1. 35. Lee Gomes, “Silicon Graphics Staff Impressed by Visitors,” San Jose Mercury News, February 23, 1993, A1; John Markoff, “Conversations/T. J. Rodgers: Not Everyone in the Valley Loves Silicon-Friendly Government,” The New York Times, March 7, 1993, E7; “William J. Clinton: Remarks

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. John Doerr, “The Coach,” interview by John Brockman, 1996, Edge.org, https://www.edge.org/digerati/doerr/, archived at https://perma.cc/9KWX-GLWK. 2. John Markoff, interview with Kara Swisher, Recode: Decode podcast, February 17, 2017, https://www.recode.net/2017/2/17/14652832/full-transcript-tech-reporter

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-john-markoff-silicon-valley-recode-decode-podcast, archived at https://perma.cc/XE3U-FCPC. 3. Michael Schrage, “Nation’s High-Tech Engine Fueled by Venture Capital,” The

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:80/. 14. Jared Sandberg, “Group of Major Companies is Expected to Offer Goods, Services on the Internet,” The Wall Street Journal, April 8, 1994, B2; John Markoff, “Commerce Comes to the Internet,” The New York Times, April 13, 1994, D5. 15. Elizabeth Perez, “Store on Internet is Open Book,” The Seattle Times

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Security on Securities Suits,” The Washington Post, December 7, 1995, B11; Mark Simon, “Even Republicans Endorse Clinton,” San Francisco Chronicle, August 21, 1996, C1. 22. John Markoff, “A Political Fight Marks a Coming of Age for a Silicon Valley Titan,” The New York Times, October 21, 1996, D1. 23. John Doerr, “The

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Project, 20, 22, 37, 46, 122, 396, 403 Manhattan Project (IBM), 227, 232, 242 Markey, Ed, 291, 347 Markkula, Mike, 149, 150, 181, 188, 233 Markoff, John, 303 Marquardt, David, 230, 232 Marriott, Pat, 234 Marsh, Bob, 144 Marshall Plan, 71, 88, 396 Martin, Hélène, 408–10 Marxism, 35, 121, 133 Massachusetts

From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism

by Fred Turner  · 31 Aug 2006  · 339pp  · 57,031 words

, Lee Felsenstein, Cliff Figallo, David Frohman, Asha Greer (formerly Barbara Durkee), Katie Hafner, Paul Hawken, Alan Kay, Kevin Kelly, Art Kleiner, Butler Lampson, Liza Loop, John Markoff, Jane Metcalfe, David Millen, Nancy Murphy, Richard Raymond, Danica Remy, Howard Rheingold, Louis Rossetto, Peter Schwartz, Mark Stahlman, Gerd Stern, Shirley Streshinsky, Larry Tesler, Paul

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the Bay area in the late 1960s and early 1970s reveals that both of these accounts are true but that neither is complete. As journalist John Markoff has shown, industry engineers and hobbyists lived and worked side-by-side in this period, and both were surrounded by countercultural activities and institutions.7

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Whole Earth people and the Whole Earth ethos to the world of computing. Virtually all of the journalistic reports that came from the Conference echoed John Markoff ’s comments in Byte magazine: “Anyone attending would instantly have realized that the stereotype of computer hackers as isolated individuals is nowhere near accurate.”67

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, Harper’s, and the Wall Street Journal, as well as numerous freelancers. Some of these journalists, such as the then husband-and-wife team of John Markoff and Katie Hafner, or the Chronicle’s Jon Carroll, were already well known in the Bay area and the Whole Earth community. Others heard about

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not only hosted these multiple rings of activity, but also gave voice and meaning to the circus as a whole. While professional journalists such as John Markoff or Katie Hafner were transforming bits and pieces of the circuses into traditional newspaper and magazine accounts, Brand was working to create new forums in

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the “cultural revolution of the 1960s.” Fire in the Valley, 111. In his foreword to Freiberger and Swaine’s book, New York Times technology correspondent John Markoff explains that “it was a particular chemistry—not just greed and not just engineering, but also a strain of passionate political purity . . . that gave rise

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, 2003). ———. The Well: A Story of Love, Death, and Real Life in the Seminal Online Community. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2001. Hafner, Katie, and John Markoff. Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991. Hagel, John, and Arthur Armstrong. Net Gain: Expanding Markets through Virtual

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, 1984. Marchand, Philip. Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989. Markoff, John. What the Dormouse Said . . . How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York: Viking Penguin, 2005. Markoff, John, Phillip Robinson, and Ezra Shapiro. “Up to Date.” Byte, March 1985. Marvin, Carolyn. When Old Technologies

…

Weaver. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949. Shiller, Robert J. Irrational Exuberance. New York: Broadway Books, 2001. Siegel, Lenny, and John Markoff. The High Cost of High Tech: The Dark Side of the Chip. New York: Harper and Row, 1985. Slack, Jennifer Daryl. “The Theory and Method

…

the Knowledge Age,” 222, 228 –30, 232 mainframes, 105 Malone, John, 208 Manhattan Project, 16 Marcuse, Herbert, 29, 32 Margulis Lynn, 189 “market populism,” 215 Markoff, John, 106, 137, 143, 252, 274n1 mass media, 179 Mathematical Theory of Communication, The (Shannon and Weaver), 23 Mauceli, Robert, 193 Mauss, Marcel, The Gift, 157

This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends: The Cyberweapons Arms Race

by Nicole Perlroth  · 9 Feb 2021  · 651pp  · 186,130 words

a highly profitable industry that was supposed to make us safer but has ended up bringing us to the brink of the next world war.” —John Markoff, former New York Times cybersecurity reporter “A whirlwind global tour that introduces us to the crazy characters and bizarre stories behind the struggle to control

…

enrichment facility, operators bundled centrifuges into cascades in groups of 164. Bingo! Back at the New York Times, my colleagues David Sanger, William Broad, and John Markoff were starting to piece together the mystery of the Stuxnet code as well. In January 2011 the three published a lengthy account of the worm

…

and the encouragement I needed to stay the course, even when I was on the brink of mental and physical exhaustion. A special thanks to John Markoff, for patiently listening to my (many) questions, offering sources and advice when I took over his beat, and being such an inspiring role-model for

…

apologize. Some of the best cybersecurity reporting over the past decade—I am proud to say—belongs to my colleagues at the New York Times. John Markoff, my predecessor at the Times, has been generous with time and source material and collaborated with me on a number of articles that are mentioned

…

is available via the Black Hat podcast here: podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/charlie-miller-hacking-leopard-tools-techniques-for/id271135268?i=1000021627342. My colleague John Markoff covered Miller’s Android exploit for the Times in October 2008, “Security Flaw Is Revealed in T-Mobile’s Google Phone.” I relied on contemporary

…

Craig Whitlock and Missy Ryan, “U.S. Suspects Russia in Hack of Pentagon Computer Network,” Washington Post, August 6, 2015, and Choe Sang-Hun and John Markoff, “Cyberattacks Jam Government and Commercial Web Sites in U.S. and South Korea,” New York Times, July 8, 2009. The text of Obama’s remarks

…

/2009/05/29/us/politics/29obama.text.html. I also relied on the contemporary accounts of Stuxnet written by my Times colleagues, including that of John Markoff, my predecessor at the Times: “A Silent Attack, but Not a Subtle One,” September 27, 2010, as well as Broad, Markoff, and Sanger’s 2011

…

extradited. Previously my colleagues and I had reported on the students at Chinese universities that were digitally linked to China’s hacks on foreign targets: John Markoff and David Barboza, “2 China Schools Said To Be Tied To Online Attacks,” New York Times, February 18, 2010; Barboza, “Inquiry Puts China’s Elite

…

In New Light,” New York Times, February 22, 2010; James Glanz and John Markoff, “State’s Secrets: Day 7; Vast Hacking by a China Fearful of the Web,” New York Times, December 5, 2010; and Perlroth, “Case Based in

…

(And China’s Google Problem),” April 23, 2006. The reference to Chinese officials calling Google “an illegal site” can be found here: James Glanz and John Markoff, “Vast Hacking by a China Fearful of the Web,” New York Times, December 4, 2010, and American lawmakers’ criticism of Google, including a Republican congressman

…

, here man-in-the-middle attacks, here Manso, Juana, here Mansoor, Ahmed, here, here, here, here Mao Tse Tung, here, here Marczak, Bill, here, here Markoff, John, here Marquis-Boire, Morgan, here, here Martin, Harold “Hal” III, here Maryland Five, here Masterson, Matt, here Maven (Google), here McCain, John, here, here McChrystal

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Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life

by Adam Greenfield  · 29 May 2017  · 410pp  · 119,823 words

I Live in the Future & Here's How It Works: Why Your World, Work, and Brain Are Being Creatively Disrupted

by Nick Bilton  · 13 Sep 2010  · 236pp  · 77,098 words

Hello World: Being Human in the Age of Algorithms

by Hannah Fry  · 17 Sep 2018  · 296pp  · 78,631 words

Fully Automated Luxury Communism

by Aaron Bastani  · 10 Jun 2019  · 280pp  · 74,559 words

The Secret War Between Downloading and Uploading: Tales of the Computer as Culture Machine

by Peter Lunenfeld  · 31 Mar 2011  · 239pp  · 56,531 words

The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age

by Astra Taylor  · 4 Mar 2014  · 283pp  · 85,824 words

The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon

by Brad Stone  · 14 Oct 2013  · 380pp  · 118,675 words

The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America

by Timothy Snyder  · 2 Apr 2018

Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

by Jerry Kaplan  · 3 Aug 2015  · 237pp  · 64,411 words

Only Humans Need Apply: Winners and Losers in the Age of Smart Machines

by Thomas H. Davenport and Julia Kirby  · 23 May 2016  · 347pp  · 97,721 words

Radicals Chasing Utopia: Inside the Rogue Movements Trying to Change the World

by Jamie Bartlett  · 12 Jun 2017  · 390pp  · 109,870 words

Making Globalization Work

by Joseph E. Stiglitz  · 16 Sep 2006

Dataclysm: Who We Are (When We Think No One's Looking)

by Christian Rudder  · 8 Sep 2014  · 366pp  · 76,476 words

Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World

by Christopher Steiner  · 29 Aug 2012  · 317pp  · 84,400 words

Data-Ism: The Revolution Transforming Decision Making, Consumer Behavior, and Almost Everything Else

by Steve Lohr  · 10 Mar 2015  · 239pp  · 70,206 words

Reset

by Ronald J. Deibert  · 14 Aug 2020

Augmented: Life in the Smart Lane

by Brett King  · 5 May 2016  · 385pp  · 111,113 words

The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot

by Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy  · 14 Apr 2020

The Age of Extraction: How Tech Platforms Conquered the Economy and Threaten Our Future Prosperity

by Tim Wu  · 4 Nov 2025  · 246pp  · 65,143 words

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power

by Jacob Helberg  · 11 Oct 2021  · 521pp  · 118,183 words

The End of College: Creating the Future of Learning and the University of Everywhere

by Kevin Carey  · 3 Mar 2015  · 319pp  · 90,965 words

The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future

by Joseph E. Stiglitz  · 10 Jun 2012  · 580pp  · 168,476 words

Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software

by Scott Rosenberg  · 2 Jan 2006  · 394pp  · 118,929 words

Protocol: how control exists after decentralization

by Alexander R. Galloway  · 1 Apr 2004  · 287pp  · 86,919 words

Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100

by Michio Kaku  · 15 Mar 2011  · 523pp  · 148,929 words

Amazon Unbound: Jeff Bezos and the Invention of a Global Empire

by Brad Stone  · 10 May 2021  · 569pp  · 156,139 words

The Job: The Future of Work in the Modern Era

by Ellen Ruppel Shell  · 22 Oct 2018  · 402pp  · 126,835 words

The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World

by Pedro Domingos  · 21 Sep 2015  · 396pp  · 117,149 words

Utopia for Realists: The Case for a Universal Basic Income, Open Borders, and a 15-Hour Workweek

by Rutger Bregman  · 13 Sep 2014  · 235pp  · 62,862 words

The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty

by Benjamin H. Bratton  · 19 Feb 2016  · 903pp  · 235,753 words

The Connected Company

by Dave Gray and Thomas Vander Wal  · 2 Dec 2014  · 372pp  · 89,876 words

Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future

by Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson  · 26 Jun 2017  · 472pp  · 117,093 words

The Formula: How Algorithms Solve All Our Problems-And Create More

by Luke Dormehl  · 4 Nov 2014  · 268pp  · 75,850 words

The New Rules of War: Victory in the Age of Durable Disorder

by Sean McFate  · 22 Jan 2019  · 330pp  · 83,319 words

Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything

by Steven Levy  · 2 Feb 1994  · 244pp  · 66,599 words

Calling Bullshit: The Art of Scepticism in a Data-Driven World

by Jevin D. West and Carl T. Bergstrom  · 3 Aug 2020

Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action

by Simon Sinek  · 29 Oct 2009  · 261pp  · 79,883 words

Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together

by Thomas W. Malone  · 14 May 2018  · 344pp  · 104,077 words

Super Continent: The Logic of Eurasian Integration

by Kent E. Calder  · 28 Apr 2019

The Outlaw Ocean: Journeys Across the Last Untamed Frontier

by Ian Urbina  · 19 Aug 2019

The Great Wave: The Era of Radical Disruption and the Rise of the Outsider

by Michiko Kakutani  · 20 Feb 2024  · 262pp  · 69,328 words

Empire of the Sum: The Rise and Reign of the Pocket Calculator

by Keith Houston  · 22 Aug 2023  · 405pp  · 105,395 words

The Age of Entitlement: America Since the Sixties

by Christopher Caldwell  · 21 Jan 2020  · 450pp  · 113,173 words

The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley

by Leslie Berlin  · 9 Jun 2005

Plutocrats: The Rise of the New Global Super-Rich and the Fall of Everyone Else

by Chrystia Freeland  · 11 Oct 2012  · 481pp  · 120,693 words

Tripping on Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Cold War, and the Troubled Birth of Psychedelic Science

by Benjamin Breen  · 16 Jan 2024  · 384pp  · 118,573 words

The Doomsday Calculation: How an Equation That Predicts the Future Is Transforming Everything We Know About Life and the Universe

by William Poundstone  · 3 Jun 2019  · 283pp  · 81,376 words

The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes' Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant From Two Centuries of Controversy

by Sharon Bertsch McGrayne  · 16 May 2011  · 561pp  · 120,899 words

The Founders: The Story of Paypal and the Entrepreneurs Who Shaped Silicon Valley

by Jimmy Soni  · 22 Feb 2022  · 505pp  · 161,581 words

Conspiracy of Fools: A True Story

by Kurt Eichenwald  · 14 Mar 2005  · 992pp  · 292,389 words

Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow

by Yuval Noah Harari  · 1 Mar 2015  · 479pp  · 144,453 words

The Transparent Society: Will Technology Force Us to Choose Between Privacy and Freedom?

by David Brin  · 1 Jan 1998  · 205pp  · 18,208 words

Makers and Takers: The Rise of Finance and the Fall of American Business

by Rana Foroohar  · 16 May 2016  · 515pp  · 132,295 words

Tools of Titans: The Tactics, Routines, and Habits of Billionaires, Icons, and World-Class Performers

by Timothy Ferriss  · 6 Dec 2016  · 669pp  · 210,153 words

Click Here to Kill Everybody: Security and Survival in a Hyper-Connected World

by Bruce Schneier  · 3 Sep 2018  · 448pp  · 117,325 words

Revolution in the Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made

by Andy Hertzfeld  · 19 Nov 2011

Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM

by Paul Carroll  · 19 Sep 1994

Dragnet Nation: A Quest for Privacy, Security, and Freedom in a World of Relentless Surveillance

by Julia Angwin  · 25 Feb 2014  · 422pp  · 104,457 words

Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare

by Thomas Rid

The Idealist: Aaron Swartz and the Rise of Free Culture on the Internet

by Justin Peters  · 11 Feb 2013  · 397pp  · 102,910 words

A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond

by Daniel Susskind  · 14 Jan 2020  · 419pp  · 109,241 words

Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy

by Robert W. McChesney  · 5 Mar 2013  · 476pp  · 125,219 words

Thinking Machines: The Inside Story of Artificial Intelligence and Our Race to Build the Future

by Luke Dormehl  · 10 Aug 2016  · 252pp  · 74,167 words

The Future of War

by Lawrence Freedman  · 9 Oct 2017  · 592pp  · 161,798 words

Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks

by Keith Houston  · 23 Sep 2013

Spies, Lies, and Algorithms: The History and Future of American Intelligence

by Amy B. Zegart  · 6 Nov 2021

Binge Times: Inside Hollywood's Furious Billion-Dollar Battle to Take Down Netflix

by Dade Hayes and Dawn Chmielewski  · 18 Apr 2022  · 414pp  · 117,581 words

The Friendly Orange Glow: The Untold Story of the PLATO System and the Dawn of Cyberculture

by Brian Dear  · 14 Jun 2017  · 708pp  · 223,211 words

Dealers of Lightning

by Michael A. Hiltzik  · 27 Apr 2000  · 559pp  · 157,112 words

How Everything Became War and the Military Became Everything: Tales From the Pentagon

by Rosa Brooks  · 8 Aug 2016  · 548pp  · 147,919 words

The Greatest Capitalist Who Ever Lived: Tom Watson Jr. And the Epic Story of How IBM Created the Digital Age

by Ralph Watson McElvenny and Marc Wortman  · 14 Oct 2023  · 567pp  · 171,072 words

Stealth

by Peter Westwick  · 22 Nov 2019  · 474pp  · 87,687 words

Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution - 25th Anniversary Edition

by Steven Levy  · 18 May 2010  · 598pp  · 183,531 words

The Economists' Hour: How the False Prophets of Free Markets Fractured Our Society

by Binyamin Appelbaum  · 4 Sep 2019  · 614pp  · 174,226 words

All the Money in the World

by Peter W. Bernstein  · 17 Dec 2008  · 538pp  · 147,612 words

City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco

by Chester W. Hartman and Sarah Carnochan  · 15 Feb 2002  · 518pp  · 170,126 words

Track Changes

by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum  · 1 May 2016  · 519pp  · 142,646 words

Circle of Greed: The Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Lawyer Who Brought Corporate America to Its Knees

by Patrick Dillon and Carl M. Cannon  · 2 Mar 2010  · 613pp  · 181,605 words

What Went Wrong: How the 1% Hijacked the American Middle Class . . . And What Other Countries Got Right

by George R. Tyler  · 15 Jul 2013  · 772pp  · 203,182 words

Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup

by John Carreyrou  · 20 May 2018  · 359pp  · 110,488 words

Engineering Security

by Peter Gutmann