Jones Act

Into the Raging Sea
by Rachel Slade
Published 4 Apr 2018

(Even so, the British managed to burn down the White House in 1814.) As shipping evolved from sail to steam, the federal government further defined and regulated its maritime industry, but it wasn’t until the creation of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (commonly known as the Jones Act) that these laws became fully codified. The Jones Act shaped the modern American sailor and the modern American shipper in profound ways. Rooted in the country’s earliest laws, the Jones Act is unabashedly protectionist. It shelters domestic shipping from the pressures of the global market by upholding an America-first monopoly. To participate in the US trade along its coasts and interior waterways, ships must be owned and crewed by US citizens, and they must be built in domestic shipyards.

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See Hurricane Maria Marine Board hearings, 283–97, 299–309, 319–29 Fisker-Andersen’s testimony, 300–301 Greene’s testimony, 288–94 Hearn’s testimony, 319–21 on hurricane response guidelines, 292–94 Keller’s testimony, 319–20, 323–27 Lawrence’s testimony, 301–9 on liability, 286–88 location of, 283–84 Loftfield’s testimony, 294–97 moment of silence at, 285 Morrell’s testimony, 286–88 Nolan’s testimony, 299–300 report on findings, 356–60 Marine Electric (ship), 260–61, 273, 355, 358, 360 Marine Safety Center, 174 maritime laws, 138–45, 171–76 Marlins, 115–16 Martin, Trayvon, 125 Massachusetts Bay Colony, 136 Massachusetts Maritime Academy, 69 Mathias, Barry, 234 Mathias, Hayden, 233 Mathias, Jeff, 69–71, 73, 131, 149, 187, 190, 191, 347 cranberry farm of, 70, 234 family notified, 232–35 family of, 69, 70 flooding of ship and, 340–41 Mathias, Jenn, 232–35, 346–47 Matthews, Don, 320–21 McCain, John, 141 McCarthy, Dave, 216–18, 220–23, 225–27 McLean, Malcom, 89, 90, 95 media, 267–68 Meklin, Dylan, 180 Melville, Herman, 49, 122 Mendoza, Juan Escalante de, 45–46 Merchant Marine, US, 39, 122, 124, 142 Merchant Marine Act of 1920. See Jones Act Mexico, 53, 144 Miami-Herald, 284 Minouche (ship), 220–27 Mitch, Hurricane, 51 MMA. See Maine Maritime Academy Moby-Dick (Melville), 122, 135 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 138, 139 Morrell, Phil, 118, 119–20, 286–88 Morse code, 257 National Hurricane Center (NHC), 22, 40, 43, 51–53, 69, 72, 99, 101, 102, 153, 156, 160, 161, 181, 185 Davidson’s dismissal of reports, 123, 186 forecasts/advisories of, 19–20, 48, 49–50, 51, 54 on Hurricane Mitch, 51 imprecision in hurricane forecasting, 352–53 inaccuracy of Joaquin forecasts, 106, 107, 166 Randolph’s plotting of forecast, 105–6 self-tracking of errors, 52–53 Tropical Cyclone Discussions, 108 unequivocal reports on Joaquin, 121 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 16, 20, 23, 52, 212, 354 National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 77, 150, 250, 263, 265–66, 268, 269, 275, 285, 313 Edmund Fitzgerald investigation, 272 El Faro investigation (see investigation) Lawrence interviewed by, 307 report of, 356 Roth-Roffy’s resignation from, 328 National Weather Service (NWS), 63, 108, 272–73, 353, 354 Navieras de Puerto Rico Steamship Company, 93–94 NAVTEX, 43 Neeson, Tim, 131, 304 Nelson, Bill, 268 Neubauer, Jason, 170, 259–63, 265, 268, 272, 355–56, 358 background of, 259 Marine Board hearings and, 285, 291, 306, 327 New England, 47, 136–37 New Jersey, 53 New York, 53 New Yorker, 167 New York Maritime College, 313 New York Times, 145 NHC.

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Just before being diagnosed with a brain tumor in the summer of 2017, Senator John McCain introduced legislation for the umpteenth time to repeal the Jones Act, calling it “an archaic and burdensome law that hinders free trade, stifles the economy, and ultimately harms consumers. The protectionist mentality embodied by the Jones Act directly contradicts the lessons we have learned about the benefits of a free and open market.” Defenders of the Jones Act view it as economically and strategically crucial to the American way of life. The Jones Act bolsters the domestic maritime industry by guaranteeing buyers for American-made ships and American-trained sailors. These days, that’s significant: Ships built stateside can cost twice as much as those manufactured abroad. The creators of the Jones Act recognized these discrepancies and created generous federal tax subsidies to soften the blow.

Deep Sea and Foreign Going
by Rose George
Published 4 Sep 2013

Eight per cent of officers are women. Seafarer Statistics 2012, Department for Transport, January 2013. – Fewer than 100 ocean-going US-flagged ships According to the US Maritime Administration, there are 92 foreign-going US ships and 98 operating under the Jones Act. Properly called the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, but named for Senator Wesley Jones, the Jones Act’s main aim was to protect US shipping and ensure that the United States had enough US-flagged ships to call on in an emergency. To protect US interests, it bans foreign-flagged ships from carrying freight between US ports. It is not popular and is expensive.

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A 1999 study by the US International Trade Commission found that ending it would save more than $1.3 billion a year. But there are nearly 40,000 ships with some American ownership, just not American flags. US Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, US Water Transportation Statistical Snapshot, February 2011. $1.3 billion a year, Bloomberg Businessweek, editorial, ‘How the Jones Act blocks natural disaster relief’, 1 January 2013. – US fleet has declined by 82 per cent since 1951 ‘Comparison of US and foreign-flag operating costs’, US Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration, September 2011, p.26. 9 A legal order for the seas and oceans United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Preamble, p.25. 10 Consensual but rough Baroness Jane Campbell has called for an inquiry into Akhona’s death on the grounds that Safmarine Kariba was a UK-flagged ship.

Shorting the Grid: The Hidden Fragility of Our Electric Grid
by Meredith. Angwin
Published 18 Oct 2020

The one “no-problem” scenario (no load shedding, no emergency procedures) is one where everything goes right. It assumed no major pipeline or power-plant outages. It included a large renewable build-out plus greatly increased LNG delivery, despite difficult winter weather. This positive scenario is dependent on increased LNG deliveries from abroad. That’s because the Jones Act, a section of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, prohibits ships built and registered outside the U.S. from delivering goods between American ports. There are no LNG carriers flying an American flag, so New England cannot obtain domestic LNG. It must import foreign LNG, which can be delivered by foreign-flag ships. We could plan to import more electricity from Canada, instead of importing more fuel, but ISO-NE notes that such imports are problematic.

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“Jake,” 84 E economic dispatch, 90–91, 149 EEme, 320 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 36, 39 electric quality, renewables and, 209 electricity, generation in real time, 17–18, 25–26, 50. see also power grid electricity imports, 128, 131, 135–141, 158 electricitymap.org, 309, 324 electromagnetic radiation, line loss and, 23 emissions floor price rules and, 357–358 Ontario, Canada and, 355 Energy Efficiency groups, 119–120 Energy Institute, 83 Energy Star appliances, 321, 322 engineering discipline, lack of, 206–207 Enron, 10, 78 Entergy, 97, 157, 263–264, 328, 331 Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 256 Eppstein, Margaret, 156 Equivalent Peak Period Forced Outage Rate (EFORp), 118 ERCOT, 89 Estonia, flexible pricing and, 316 Evslin, Tom, 319 Exelon Corporation, 127, 130, 330, 331 F “fairness,” RTO required to maintain, 121–123 Falmouth, Massachusetts, removal of wind turbines and, 299 fast-start plants, 200 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Bonneville Power Administration and, 236 citizen influence of, 363–364 Competitive Auctions with Sponsored Policy Resources (CASPR) and, 274–277 fuel neutrality and, 60, 121–123, 143, 226 fuel security ISO-NE ruling, 143–144 ISO-NE MOPR and, 266–269 jump ball filings, 109–113, 115–124 lack of transparency in RTO areas, 105, 107 market manipulation in California and, 78 Minimum Offer Price Rule (MOPR) and, 271–272 Mystic Generating Station and, 96 orders of, 72–73, 183, 227–228 socialization of transmission lines and, 160, 163–168 Winter Reliability Program and, 51, 109 Federal Trade Commission, 245 financial crisis of 2007, 3–4 FirstEnergy, 263–264, 328–329, 331 flexibility, grid, 206–207 “floor price” rules, Ontario’s, 357 Forward Capacity Auctions, 157, 283, 291 forward capacity market (FCM), 117 Forward Capacity Market, New England, 136 fossil fuels, “beating the peak” and, 176–177 fragility, grid, 5, 7, 79, 123, 345, 345–346 France, CO2 emissions, 309–310 fuel neutrality, 60, 103–108, 112–113, 121–123, 183, 226, 284, 330 fuel security, 122–123, 125–131, 136, 140–142, 143–153, 158, 307–308, 323, 333 G Gates, Bill, 340 Gattie, David, 83 generation utilities (merchant generators), 41–43, 77–79 generators, personal, 45–46 George, Ann, 270 Germany, CO2 emissions, 309–310, 324–325 Gheorghiu, Iulia, 276 Gifford, Ray, 75 Girouard, Coley, 282, 283 Glick, Richard, 123, 269 Global Adjustment price, 354–356 Goldstein, Joshua, 310, 311, 313, 353 Grand Coulee Dam, 195 Great Britain, renewables-alone and, 312 Green Mountain Power, 301, 302 Green New Deal movement, 197 Greenpeace, 297–302, 342 Greenpeace, solar project in India, 304–305 Greenstone, Michael, 237–239 greenwashing, 62, 169–174, 178–179, 302 grid, as machine, 281–283 grid governance, choice of, 348–351 grid price, 51, 88, 184, 227, 228, 233 ground faults, 210–211 H Hallquist, Christine, 201, 236 Hargraves, Bob, 339 high-quality grid, components of, 343–346 Hittinger, Eric, 30 hot weather planning, 170–174, 175–179 Human Development Index (HDI), 310 hydro plants cold weather and, 52–53 intermittent or steady power, 194 load-following plants and, 186 Ontario, Canada and, 356–357 responsiveness of, 27 Wind-Water-Solar, 195–197 Hydro-Québec, 137, 158, 240, 244 I Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO), 353, 354, 358 Independent System Operators (ISOs), 34, 72. see also Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) clearing price and, 92 India coal and, 304, 310 failure of solar with battery backup, 304–305, 342 Indian Point, 256, 328 Integrated Resource Plans (IRPs), 282–287 Integrating Markets and Public Policy (IMAPP), 227 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014 report, 258 intermittent power generators, 5, 151, 184, 189, 191, 194–195, 199, 201–202, 206–207, 209, 219, 236, 238, 240, 270, 347, 349 internal combustion plants, 26–27 Inventoried Energy Program, 123 Investment Tax Credit, 223 Iowa, time-of-use pricing and, 316 Ireland, CO2 emissions of, 204 ISO-NE Addendum Report of, 130–131, 141 balancing authority and, 26 Cold Weather Operations report of, 53–56, 145 Competitive Auctions with Sponsored Policy Resources (CASPR) and, 261–262 CONE and, 269–270 Consumer Liaison Group Coordinating Committee, 167, 310 Consumer Liaison Group of, 303–308 fair share of system costs and, 175–176 FERC rulings and, 271–272 fuel neutrality and, 103 fuel security and, 125–131, 143–153 Fuel Security Report of, 333 jump ball filings, 109–113, 115–124 Market Rule proposals approved by NEPOOL, 110 Minimum Offer Price Rule (MOPR) and, 261–262 oil storage program of, 61–62 out-of-market funded plants and, 271 Pay for Performance plan of, 61–63, 262, 330 proposals for new auctions, 146–147, 149, 156, 157 reliability and, 156–158 renewables and, 192–193 socialized transmission lines of, 158–161 state mandates and, 227–228 summer planning and, 172–174 Synapse Report and, 133–141 Winter Reliability Program of, 49–51, 58, 59–63, 145, 322 J Jacobson, Mark Z., 195–196, 216 Jenkins, Jesse, 216 Johnson, Lyndon, 341 Jones, Charles E., 329 Jones Act, 128 journalists, banned from meetings, 104, 107, 283, 363 jump ball filings, 109–113, 115–121 just-in-time, natural gas, 46–47, 74, 122–123, 144, 146, 151, 172, 257, 334, 346–348, 362, 365 K Kavulla, Travis, 348 Kelly, Kristin, 248 Kingdom Community Wind Project, 31–32, 210, 245 Klein, Tony, 235 kludge system, all-renewables system as, 207 Knauer, Tim, 253 Kreis, Don, 107, 128–129 Kuser, Michael, 146 kWh auctions, 59, 228, 229, 233 L Larson, Matthew, 75 line loss, 23 liquified natural gas (LNG), 55–56, 61, 111, 125–126, 128, 131, 137–139, 330. see also natural gas lithium, 20, 218–219 load shedding. see rolling blackouts load-following plants, 186, 194 load-serving entities (LSEs), 41–42, 349 local citizens groups, 362–363 local control of grid, 361 “lost savings,” 84–85 Lovins, Armory, 322 M MacKay, David, 311–312 Maine, smart meters in, 319 maintenance, plant, 78 Malhortra, Ripudaman, 218 Maloney, Tim, 196 Marcus, William B., 83 market-oriented solutions, 39–44, 63, 81–85, 146 Marshall, Jason, 165–166, 167 Mays, Jacob, 264 McKibben, Bill, 301 merit order. see economic dispatch methane, 259 methane digesters. see cow power (methane based) Meyer, Eric, 253, 254 microgrids, 303–305, 341–342 Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO), 276 Minimum Offer Price Rule (MOPR), 99, 100, 222, 261–262, 266–274, 271–273, 273, 283 Mystic Generating Station, 96, 126–127, 130, 134, 143, 330, 331 N N minus 1, 155–157, 159 N minus 2, 156 “name that fuel,” 60–62 nameplate capacity, 265–266, 272 Nath, Ishan, 237–239 National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 199, 201 natural gas backup for renewables, 199–200, 202–204, 214, 286, 346, 347, 362, 365 cold weather and, 49–51, 55–56 combined cycle plants, 203 CONE and, 270 emissions and, 259–260 FERC rulings and, 122 just-in-time, 46–47, 74, 122–123, 144, 146, 151, 172, 257, 334, 346–348, 362, 365 kept onsite, 111 load-following plants and, 186 Ontario, Canada and, 356 pipelines, 9, 46–47, 50, 55–57, 60, 128, 134, 138, 348 profitability of, 4–5, 98–99 protected by RTO rules, 283 renewables and, 152, 199–200, 202–203, 266 rise in price of, 335 summer planning and, 172–174 trend toward increased use, 99–101, 364–366 wind power and, 152 negative energy prices, 208, 357 “negawatts,” 322 net metering, 201–202, 226, 235, 285, 291–295, 293, 295, 300, 302, 305–306, 351, 361 Nevada, net-metering in, 294–295, 351, 361 New England Power Pool (NEPOOL) Addendum Report, 141 first jump ball filing, 108–112 fuel security and, 144, 146 IMAPP process and, 227 lack of transparency in, 104–108 Participants Committee of, 105–108, 111, 130–131, 268 Pay for Performance payments and, 330 reporters banned from meetings, 104, 107, 363 second jump ball filing, 115–121 Synapse Report and, 130 New England States Committee on Electricity (NESCOE), 165–166, 167 New Jersey, smart meters in, 317 New York Clean Energy Standard, rally for, 252–254 New York Independent System Operator, 95 New York Public Utilities Commission, 255 New York, Zero Emission Credits (ZECs) and, 252, 255–258 NextEra Energy, 245 nickel-iron batteries, 219 Nolan, Ken, 235 non-spinning reserve, 27. see also fast-start plants North American Electricity Reliability Council, 217 Northern Pass line, 158 NOX (nitrogen oxide) emissions, 204–205 NOX (nitrogen oxides) emissions, 251–252 nuclear power advantages of, 365 baseload plants, 186 capacity factor of, 194 cold weather and, 52–53 emissions and, 251–252, 258–260 Entergy leaving RTO areas and, 328–329 high-quality grid and, 345–346 increased safety requirements of, 344–345 jump ball filings and, 111 low bidding by renewables and, 265 Ontario, Canada and, 356–357 profitability of, 4, 98–99 renewables and, 311–312 RTO price changes and, 334 subsidies and, 329 ZECs and, 252, 255–258, 262 zero emissions and, 252 NYISO, 354 O Ohio, ZECs and, 257 oil cold weather planning and, 49–55 ISO-NE’s oil storage program, 61–62 kept onsite, 61–62, 111, 145, 284 Ontario, Canada; RTO of, 353–359 Operational Fuel-Security Analysis, ISO-NE Report, 125–131 Order 888, FERC, 72 Order 889, FERC, 72 Order 1000, FERC, 160, 163–168, 183, 227–228 Order 2000, FERC, 72 Oslo, Norway; spot-indexed prices and, 316 Otter Tail Power, 21–22, 163 “out of market” payments, 263 out-of-market compensation, 112, 127, 263–267, 271–272, 275, 290 out-of-market revenue. see out-of-market compensation overbuilding, 36, 42, 216–218, 220, 273, 286, 358–359, 362, 365 oversupply, in California, 350 P Palisades nuclear plant, 328 Participant Committee, RTO, 332, 362–363 Participants Committee, NEPOOL, 105–108, 111, 130–131, 268 Pay as Bid, 94–95 Pay at the Clearing Price, 94 Pay for Performance, 51, 61–63, 115–124, 262, 330 subsidies and, 263 peak usage, 175–179 Pennsylvania, ZECs and, 257 Perry, Rick, 60–61, 122, 126, 365 personal responsibility, vs. civic choices, 308–312 PG&E, 179, 316–317 Pilgrim nuclear plant, 97, 328 pipelines, natural gas, 9, 46–47, 50, 55–57, 60, 128, 134, 138–139, 172, 330, 348 PJM RTO, 266, 268, 276 “Policy Grid,” vs.

Making It in America: The Almost Impossible Quest to Manufacture in the U.S.A. (And How It Got That Way)
by Rachel Slade
Published 9 Jan 2024

Maisel, The (Amazon series), 119 McAlary, Brian, 218 McDonald’s, 206 McGowen, Amy, 221, 223, 252 McNerney, James, 262 McSwane, David, 213 McVeigh, John, 48 Meader, Derek, 201–2, 207–8 Merchant Marine Act of 1920, 204 Merrow company, Fall River, Massachusetts, 244–45, 247 Merrow family, 40, 244 Mestrich, Keith, 287–88 Mexico American oil exported to, 295 American textile and clothing production in, 18, 27, 139, 263, 264 free trade and, 14, 15 NAFTA and, 18, 25–26, 139 USMCA and, 19, 286n Whirlpool production in, 78–79 workers immigrate to the U.S., 121 Miners for Democracy, 65 Monsanto, 154, 155 Moody, Lemuel, 37 Moonrise Kingdom (film), 119 Moran, James, 213 Morello, Tom, 95 Morris, Jeff, 207–8, 210 N NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 15–16 American companies closed, jobs lost, 18 American workers’ income decline after, 19 closing of New England’s textile mills and, 45–46 impact on Mexico, 25–26 killing of garment industry, 118 offshoring and, 260, 261, 263 passage of, 192 replaced by USMCA, 19, 286, 286n National Association of Manufacturers, 4 National Child Labor Committee, 134 National Consumers League, 182, 183 Nearing, Helen and Scott, 33–34 Neel, Alice, 59n Negro Motorist Green Book, The, 207 New Balance, 26, 300n New York Times despair in global garment industry, 25 on Fetterman’s hoodie, 139 NFL (National Football League), 288, 288n NFLPA (NFL Players Association), 288–89 Nguesso, Sassou, 246–47 Niekerk, David, 269 Nike, 24, 25, 26–27, 262, 291 9/11 terrorist attacks, 49, 74, 87, 88 Nixon, Richard, 72–73, 147, 184 NLRB (National Labor Relations Board), 54, 57, 58, 108, 112n, 286 Amazon union votes and, 241–42 Noxubee, Mississippi, 152–53 O Obama, Barack, 74, 76, 78, 94 Olsen, Glenn, 163–64 Opower, Inc., 188–89 OPRRE (Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering), 203 Organized Money (Mestrich), 288 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), 108, 112n, 158, 184 Outside Business Journal, 130 OXO, 270 P Painters District Council 35, 217 Pakistan, 156, 263 Parkdale, North Carolina, 170 Patagonia company, 110, 130 Paton, Elizabeth, 25 Pendleton Woolen Mills, 26–27 Pennsylvania J&L Steel and, 54–55, 58–59 labor movement in, 54–59 loss of manufacturing, 20 opioid epidemic in, 61 presidential race (2004), 61 Waxman organizing in, 52–53, 61–62 Perkins, Frances, 183 Peterson, Gary, 162–64, 165, 171 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 20, 55, 137n, 142, 195, 207, 274, 303 Pilchman, Ned, 166–71 American Fabrics and, 166–70, 235–36 China cornering the cotton market and, 231–32, 234 partner, Gary, 231–35, 237 pessimism about America manufacturing, 170–71 Pinchot, Gifford, 58 Pinochet, Augusto, 72–73 Polartec, 105 Pollock, Jackson, 59n Portland, Maine, 36–39 Brian Boru pub, 90, 96, 98, 104 Covid pandemic and, 221 Falafel Time restaurant, 294 Greater Portland Immigrant Welcome Center, 126–27 New Americans in, 38–39, 122, 126–27 Portland Adult Education, 120 Portland High School, 36 Portland Observatory, 37 public school system, 51 Waxman family in, 35, 100 PPE (personal protective equipment) American manufacturing and, 211–12 American Roots and, 214–19, 224 China-made masks and, 224 Covid pandemic shortages, 211, 212 hospital buying groups, 211–12 shady brokers in, 212–13 Priest, Matt, xii Prison Policy Initiative report (2017), 130, 130n Prohibition, 184 ProPublica, 213 Public Citizen’s Global Trade Watch, 17–18 Public Eye watchdog group, 20–21 pie chart: “What Makes Up the Price of a Zara Hoodie?

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Finally, Hamilton lobbied Congress to sever dependency on foreign shippers. When you control your supply chain and logistics, he argued, you control your economic destiny. Only American-made ships owned by Americans and sailed by an American-majority crew could move goods from American port to American port. (An updated version of this law, commonly called the Jones Act, is still on the books today.) It’s a tactic China would copy two hundred years later. The United States wouldn’t have survived the nineteenth century if it weren’t for the tariffs and shipping laws that Hamilton proposed. Together, they spawned New England’s textile industry, which fueled the early American economy while creating opportunities for America’s best and brightest, such as Eli Whitney.

Hawai'I Becalmed: Economic Lessons of the 1990s
by Christopher Grandy
Published 30 Sep 2002

Senate Concurrent Resolution 214 in the 1995 legislative session created the Hawai‘i Maritime Industry Policy Advisory Task Force, composed of public and private representatives charged with investigating a number of issues. Prominent among these was the effect of federal maritime laws on Hawai‘i. The Passenger Services Act of 1886 and the Jones Act of 1920 limit the types of vessels that can serve U.S. ports—the former applies to passengers and the latter covers cargo. Only U.S. flagged vessels may transport passengers or cargo between U.S. ports. To be U.S. flagged, a vessel must be U.S.-built, U.S.-owned, and largely U.S.-staff. These federal “cabotage” laws have limited the passenger and cargo trade in Hawai‘i.

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See IMF Iraq, 23, 25 Iwase, Randy, 69 Japan, 10, 20, 30, 33n. 18, 73, 112; economic policy, 11–12, 19; economy in 1980s, 2, 9, 12–13, 14; economy in 1990s, 3, 13, 23, 30–32, 54, 56, 59, 99, 105; investment from, 3, 10, 15; visitor arrivals from, see tourism, Japan Japan-America Institute of Management Science, 66 jobs. See economic growth in Hawai‘i Johnson, Lawrence, 65, 68 Jones Act, 50. See also Passenger Services Act
129 Kaua‘i, 15, 23, 24, 87 Keith, Kent, 58n. 13 Kelley, Richard, 65 Kennan, John, 98 Kent, Noel J., 8n. 1 Keynesian fiscal policy, 27, 36–37, 38, 39, 44n. 5 King, Charles, 65 Koki, Stan, 82, 84 Krueger, Alan, 98 Krugman, Paul, 30–31, 33n. 18 Kuwait, 23 La Croix, Sumner, ix, x Laffer curve, 26 Land Use Commission.

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Anderson, 81, 121 medical center, 113 minimum wage, 5, 6, 19, 86, 95–99, 101, 106 Mizuguchi, Norman, 65 130
Index Mortimer, Kenneth, 65 motor carrier regulation, 79, 111 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 97 Naya, Seiji, ix, x Neumark, David, 103n. 15 new growth theory, 93 New Jersey, 98 Norwegian Cruise Lines, 58n. 10 O‘ahu, 87 Office of Space Industry, 19 Office of State Planning. See OSP oil prices, 24 Okata, Russell, 65, 68 OSP (Office of State Planning), 52 Passenger Services Act, 50, 57n. 10. See also Jones Act performance-based budgeting, 70, 77, 79, 117, 120 personal income. See economic growth in Hawai‘i; expenditure ceiling pineapple, 9, 40, 51, 54, 104, 106, 109 Plotts, Diane, 65 port authority, Pratt, Dick, x, 85n. 2 Price of Paradise, 22n. 15 productivity, 31 property tax, 17 property values, 17, 40 public education, 111 public goods, 89, 90, 93–94, 111 public service company tax, 89, 90 Public Utilities Commission.

Making Globalization Work
by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Published 16 Sep 2006

Some forty countries, including the United States, have laws requiring the use of local ships for transporting goods domestically. In the United States, the Jones Act of 1920 requires not only that the ships be owned by Americans but that they be built in American shipyards and manned by Americans. (The history of protectionism goes back much further, to the first session of Congress in 1789.) America does not have a comparative or absolute advantage in shipping—indeed, as long ago as 1986, it was estimated that the Jones Act cost America more than $250,000 for every job it saved.47 Shipping provides a wonderful opportunity for a pro-poor trade agenda that would focus on unskilled-labor-intensive services.

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But even purportedly delinked subsidies can have effects on output, as they provide farmers with more income with which to buy fertilizer, higher quality seeds, and other output increasing inputs. 45.According to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2005), the general tariff on imported oranges is 1.9 cents/kg (0805.10.00); on citrus fruit preserved in sugar, it is 6 cents/kg (2006.00.60); on orange marmalade, 3.5 cents/kg (2007.91.40); on orange pulp, 11.2 cents/kg (2008.30.35); on oranges packed in liquid medium in airtight container, 14.9 cents/kg (2008.92.90.40); and on frozen orange juice, it is 7.85 cents/liter (2009.11). 46.This is called nonagricultural market access, or NAMA, in the technical jargon of the WTO. 47.Sometimes the Jones Act is defended on grounds of national security—America needs its own shipping fleet. The irony was that in America’s most recent emergency, when Hurricane Katrina struck, the Jones Act had to be suspended. (For a slightly more extended discussion of globalization and security, see chapter 10.) 48.It would also benefit the developed countries as a whole, but low-wage workers would lose. The effects are analogous to those discussed earlier for trade liberalization (not surprising, because as we noted, trade in goods is a substitute for the movement of people).

Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government
by Robert Higgs and Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr.
Published 15 Jan 1987

The Shipping Board had been created as a regular governmental agency, so of course it survived the war. The board's biggest postwar problem was the enormous fleet of vessels produced by its Emergency Fleet Corporation, most of which did not reach the water until well after the war had ended. The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 authorized the sale of the ships to American firms on easy terms, including some tax breaks, and provided for subsidies to private operators. It also authorized a governmental Merchant Fleet Corporation to operate shipping lines; hence the EFC lived on under a new name. The shipping business remained depressed during the 1920s, and the government's ventures resulted in chronic losses.

The Wake-Up Call: Why the Pandemic Has Exposed the Weakness of the West, and How to Fix It
by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge
Published 1 Sep 2020

The “carried interest” tax break that gives private equity an advantage over other ways of running a company is always due to be scrapped in each tax reform package, but mysteriously never is. Back in 1920, the US Congress, ruminating on the First World War, passed the Merchant Marine Act, decreeing that all goods being transported from one American port to another must be carried by US ships owned by US citizens and operated by US crews. Known as the Jones Act, this piece of protectionism costs the country anywhere from $656 million a year to $9.8 billion.13 On a bigger scale, the tax break for employer-provided health insurance, which costs Uncle Sam more than $175 billion a year, stemmed from a “temporary” adjustment to Second World War wage controls in order to deal with labor shortages.14 In America this extortion is made easier—enforced almost—by its campaign finance laws.

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Brian Anderson (Boulder: Rowman and Littlefield, 2013), 203–5. 10.Schuck, Why Government Fails So Often, 175. 11.We should confess that one of us comes from a family of British farmers. 12.Selam Gebrekidan, Matt Apuzzo, and Benjamin Novak, “The Money Farmers: How Oligarchs and Populists Milk the EU,” New York Times, November 3, 2019. 13.Colin Grubak, Inu Manak, and Daniel Ikenson, “The Jones Act: A Burden America Can No Longer Bear,” Cato Institute Policy Analysis, June 28, 2018. 14.Schuck, Why Government Fails So Often, 177, 180. 15.We are indebted to Mario Calvo-Platero for this insight. 16.Group of Thirty, Fixing the Pensions Crisis: Ensuring Lifetime Financial Security (Washington, DC, 2019). 17.

The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality
by Brink Lindsey
Published 12 Oct 2017

Further, the regressive distributional effects are relatively easy to trace. Our four case studies by no means exhaust the topic of upward redistribution by rent-seeking. On the contrary, they are only the tip of the iceberg. High trade barriers and price supports for farm products disproportionately benefit large agribusiness. The Jones Act outlaws competition from foreign shipping companies in US waters while similar cabotage restrictions block foreign air carriers from US routes. Ethanol subsidies and the Export-Import Bank are just two of the more egregious examples of corporate welfare business subsidies larding up the federal budget.

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See also copyright/patent law benefits of protecting, 64–65 concentrated benefits and, 131 costs of expansion of, 75–81 digital era and, 70–71 European views on, 65, 76, 195n32 information imbalance and, 139–40 institutional bias and, 149 market failure and, 68–69, 74 monopolies and, 85 morality of, 84–89, 195n32 policy image and, 141–45 rent-seeking and, 64 interest rates, 40, 51–54, 59 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 60 Internet. See digital era/information technology intolerance, 2–3 invisible hand, 6, 18 Islam, Roumeen, 61 Issa, Darrell, 176 IT. See digital era/information technology Jones Act, 33 judicial review, 170–75 Keating, Charles, 54 Kelo v. New London, 135 Kimball, David, 132 Kleiner, Morris, 94–95, 99, 105 “kludgeocracy”, 129 Krueger, Alan, 95 Kwak, James, 142 land-use regulations, 32–33, 109–26, 159, 208n14. See also home ownership/housing; zoning effect on growth, 120–21 effect on inequality, 115–23 housing supply and, 111–113 policy image and, 143 Lee, Tim, 149 Leech, Beth, 132 legal occupational licensing, 106–8 “legislative subsidy” theory of lobbying, 137 Lerner, Josh, 71 Levine, Ross, 166 Levy, Frank, 11 liberalism.

The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger
by Marc Levinson
Published 1 Jan 2006

Pan-Atlantic’s Sea-Land Service, its capacity five times larger than it had been a year earlier, seemed poised for explosive growth.6 Instead, it sailed into trouble. McLean planned to use two of the all-container ships to open service to Puerto Rico in March 1958. Puerto Rico was a potentially lucrative market. As an island, it relied on ships to provide almost all of its consumer goods. As a U.S. commonwealth, it was subject to the Jones Act, a law requiring that cargo moving between U.S. ports use American-built ships with American crews. Limited competition allowed the few carriers serving Puerto Rico to charge very high rates, and McLean figured that Pan-Atlantic’s containers could easily grab market share. He figured without the longshoremen.

…

Marad, as it was known, was an obscure government agency, but it held enormous power over the maritime industry. Marad and a sister agency, the Federal Maritime Board, dispensed subsidies to build ships, administered laws dictating that government freight should travel in U.S.-flag vessels, gave operating subsidies to U.S. ships on international routes, and enforced the Jones Act, the venerable law dictating that only American-built ships, using American crews and owned by American companies, could carry cargo between U.S. ports. The wide variety among containers increased its financial risk: if a ship line took Marad’s money, built a vessel to carry its unique containers, and then ran into financial problems, Marad could end up foreclosing on a ship that no one would want to buy.

…

.; and truck regulation inventories Ireland Irish Shipping Limited Italy Jacksonville, FL Japan; and containerization plan; manufacturing in; and Sea-Land service; and service to Southeast Asia; and trade Japanese National Railway Johns Hopkins University Johnson, Lyndon B. Johnson Line Jones, Thomas Russell Jones Act just-in-time manufacturing Kaohsiung, Taiwan Katims, Ron Kaufman, Herbert Kempton, George Kempton, Murray Kennedy, John E. Kheel, Theodore Kidde (Walter) & Co. Killen, James S. King, A. Lyle Kobe, Japan Kohlhase, Janet E. Kooringa Korea Korea Shipping Company Ky, Nguyen Cao Laem Chabang Laird, Melvin landing ship tank (LST) Latin America leasing Le Havre, France Lesotho Levy, Jean Liberty Ships Life lighterage: in London; in New York Harbor; in Vietnam Lincoln Tunnel Lindsay, John V.

Hedge Fund Market Wizards
by Jack D. Schwager
Published 24 Apr 2012

Can you think of a trade that didn’t work that provided a learning lesson? In late 2006, I bought Horizon Lines, which was a Jones Act container shipping company operating vessels primarily between Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. mainland. Under the Jones Act, all vessels transporting cargo between covered U.S. ports must be built in the U.S., registered under the U.S. flag, manned by predominantly U.S. crews, and owned and operated by U.S.-organized companies that are controlled and 75 percent owned by U.S. citizens. As one can imagine, the Jones Act creates a significant barrier to entry in these shipping lanes, and as a result, Horizon Lines had a substantial share of the market.

Vulture Capitalism: Corporate Crimes, Backdoor Bailouts, and the Death of Freedom
by Grace Blakeley
Published 11 Mar 2024

After all, how could US corporations dominate the rest of the world if whole swathes of it were guarded by imperial powers? But the Philippines still presented some stubborn problems for America’s self-image. It had to be controlled without appearing to be dominated; American rule had to be planned without the appearance of planning. In 1916, Congress passed the Jones Act, promising the Philippines independence whenever the country achieved a “stable government.” Precisely what this phrase meant had been elaborated by General Leonard Wood, former governor-general of the Philippines and military governor of Cuba, who remarked: “When people ask me what I mean by stable government, I tell them ‘money at six percent.’ ”9 This anecdote should give an idea of the US’s true aims in the Philippines.

…

K., 37, 97–98 Gallagher, Kevin, 262 General Electric, 4 General Motors, 27, 29 General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The (Keynes), xi Germany Berlin Wall removal, 200–201 campaign finance by state and, 259 competition policy and, 150 COVID-19 aid to corporations in, 45, 46–47 Ford Motor as supplier to, 23–24 Green Party, 229 labor movement and, 78, 248 Nazi Party/Third Reich, 19, 23–24, 93, 122, 183–84, 226 social market economy (Röpke) and, 203 Vattenfall lawsuit and, 197 Weimar Republic, 121–22 World War II and, 158, 181 GFG Alliance, 153, 156–57 Ghana independence from Britain (1957), 177 Non-Aligned Movement and, 190–91 structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and, 200 gig economy, 92–93, 253, 254 Gindin, Sam, 31, 198, 210 Global Climate Coalition, 139 Global Intangible Low-Tax Income (GILTI), 42 Global North climate breakdown and, 263 exploitation of the Global South by, 190–91, 261, 262 Global South catching up to, 207–8 Global South as challenge to, 182–83, 246 Global South critique of neocolonialism and, 177, 208, 210–11 international debt crisis, 198–202, 262 market power and wage suppression, 93 production by the Global South in, 185 Washington Consensus policies, 200–201, 210 Global South catching up to Global North, 207–8 as challenge to Global North, 182–83, 246 climate breakdown and, 70–71, 263 critique of neocolonialism of the Global North, 177, 208, 210–11 exploitation by the Global North, 190–91, 261, 262 international debt crisis, 198–202, 262 market power and wage suppression by Global North, 93 Non-Aligned Movement and, 190–92, 193 production in the Global North and, 185 solidarity among members of, 184–86, 192 violence of the neoliberal state in, 34 Golding, William, 223–24, 226 Goldman Sachs, 48–49, 53, 54, 60, 123–24, 132–33, 225 Goodrich Corporation, 218 Google (Alphabet), 94, 95, 133 Gould, Matthew, 155 Graeber, David, 35, 125, 224–25, 265–66 Gramsci, Antonio, 20–22, 24, 157–58 Great Depression, 147 Greater London Council (GLC, UK), 219–20, 231 Greater London Enterprise Board (UK), 216–17, 219–20 Great Reversal, The (Philippon), 87–88 Greene, Marjorie Taylor, 43–44 Green New Deal proposal, 69, 248 Green Party (US), 251 Greenpeace, 140 Greensill, Lex, 152–59 Greensill Capital, 153–59 Greenspan, Alan, 127–29 Green Team Landscaping Co-op (Mississippi), 237 Grundrisse (Marx), 264 Guam, US colonialism and, 173, 174 Guatemala, United Fruit Company (UFC, now Chiquita) and, 186–90, 193 Guerra, Antonio, 195 Guevara, Che, 234 Gupta, Rajat, 54 Gupta, Sanjeev, 153, 156 H Haley, Nikki, 8 Halliburton, 178, 193 Hancock, Matt, 154–56 Hancox, Dan, 230 Harding, Dido, 54, 155 Hassan, Maggie, 141 Hawaii, US colonialism and, 173 Hayden, Grant, 254 Hayek, Friedrich A., xvii–xx, 34–36, 89, 100–101, 108, 146–47, 167, 202, 217 critique of centralized planning, x–xii Highway Code, 148–52, 165, 204 Keynes vs., xvi, 268 neoliberalism and, x–xii, xv–xvi The Road to Serfdom, vii, xi, 34, 204 Hearn, Denise, 89 Helleiner, Eric, 51 Higgins, Michael D., 217 Highway Code (Hayek), 148–52, 161, 204 Hilferding, Rudolf, 121–23 Hitler, Adolf, 19, 23 Hobbes, Thomas, 144, 222, 226 homophobic attacks, 103 Hoover, Herbert, 22 housing crisis, viii Cooperation Jackson (Mississippi) affordable housing, 236–37, 247, 251–52, 255 corporate landlords and, 44–45 COVID-19 pandemic and, 43, 44–45 financial crisis of 2008 and, 52 How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Rodney), 185 H&R Block, 106 HSBC, 124 Huffington, Arianna, 38 Humankind (Bregman), 224 I Iceland, Better Reykjavik participatory budgeting program, 235–36, 258–59 ideological state apparatus (ISA), 164–65 Ifans, Rhys, 239 immigrants labor movements and, 263 UK immigrant policies, 163–64, 263 India Bhopal, gas tragedy (2001), 90 East India Company (EIC), 103–4, 183 Kerala, People’s Planning, 233–34 indigenous peoples Australian green bans and, 228 climate breakdown and, 251 critique of European society, 224–25 in Guatemala, 189–90 land/property seizures from, 186–90, 228, 251 Indonesia Jakarta Method and, 190–92 Non-Aligned Movement and, 190–91, 193 industrial system (Galbraith), 97–98 inflation cost-of-living crisis, 48, 58, 63–66, 129 Ever Given crisis (2021) and, 62–63, 64 oil price spikes and, 62, 63 sellers’ inflation, 64–65 Volcker shock and, 198, 205 wage-price spiral argument and, 63–65 InfluenceMap, 140 interest rates inflation and, 65–66, 198, 205 international finance system and, 115 Volcker shock and, 198, 205 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 67–68 international finance system, 109–37 Big Three institutional investors, 133, 135, 137 BlackRock, 69, 132–37, 257 capital flight threat and, 93, 96, 204–5, 208, 246, 262 central banks and, see central banks centralization of global capitalism and, 136–37 confidence in, 116–18 democratic planning and, 255–57 developmentalism and, 137, 170–72, 205–8 dynamics of debt and, 114–18, 168–69, 262 economic nationalism vs., 204–5 financial crisis of 2008 and, see financial crisis of 2008 (subprime bubble) financialization in, 121–24, 199 fractional reserve banking, 114–18 fraud and scandals in, 119–24, 220–21 international debt crisis, 198–202, 262 International Monetary Fund (IMF) and, 53, 114, 176, 198–200, 206–8, 262 manias, panics, and crashes, 125–26 mergers and acquisitions, 133 planning power in, 113–14 private law and, 130–32 regulation of, 32, 113, 116, 130, 148, 150 stakeholder capitalism and, 135–36 structural adjustment programs (SAPs), 198–202 taxes and, see taxes and taxation time lords of capitalism and, 109, 113–14 US dollar and, 178, 209–10 Washington Consensus policies, 200–201, 210 WeWork/SoftBank relationship, 109–13, 117 World Bank in, 176–77, 198–99, 206–8 International Labour Organization (ILO, UK), 60 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 53, 114, 176, 199–200, 206–8, 262 International Trade Union Confederation, 75 Intuit, 106 investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), 194–98 Iraq, 105, 178, 192–93 Israel COVID-19 response, 57 Suez crisis (1956), 61–62 Italy, labor movement and, 78 J Jakarta Method, The (Bevins), 190–92 Jameson, Frederic, xix, 16 Japan developmentalism and steel industry, 172 housing boom, 127 quantitative easing by the Bank of Japan, 127–28 in World War II, 175–76, 190, 191 Jassy, Andrew, 78 Jiayin, Xu, 167–69 Johnson, Boris, 70–71 Johnson, Desmond, 164 Johnson, Lyndon B., 27, 176 Johnson, Trevor, 164 Jones Act (1916, US), 174–75 JPMorgan, 52, 120–21, 123–24 JPMorgan Chase, 119 K Kaleki, Michael, 97 Kao, Martin, 44 Kaplan, Lewis, 195 Kautsky, Karl, 121–23 Keen, Steve, 114–15 Kelly, Mark, 141 Kelly, Petra, 229 Kelly’s Bush (Australia), 227–28 Kennedy, John F., 27, 181 Keynes, John Maynard, xi, xvii, xx, 126, 149, 217, 268, 269 ambivalence toward freedom and autonomy of the masses, xvi centralization of power in capitalism, xvii Hayek vs., xvi, 268 privatized Keynesianism, 117–18 regulated markets and, xvi Keystone XL pipeline, 251 Kicking Away the Ladder (Chang), 146 King, Arthur, 228 Klein, Michael, 124 Klein, Naomi, 38, 193, 198 Kozul-Wright, Richard, 262 KPMG, 193 Kushner, Jared, 33 Kyoto Protocol, 139 L Labor and Monopoly Capital (Braverman), 99–100 labor movements at Amazon, 75, 77–79 in Australia, 227–29 “banana republics” and, 187 conflict with capital, 37, 148, 151, 160 democratic planning and, 247–48, 252–53 electoral systems and, 260–61 employer-employee relationship and, 83–85 at Ford Motor Company, 19–22, 26–29, 31, 75 four-day workweek and, 248, 253 immigrant workers and, 263 Lucas Aerospace Corporation/Lucas Plan and, 216–17 neoliberal resistance to, 15, 31, 33–34, 62, 64–65, 77–78, 148, 160, 216–17, 218, 220, 221, 252–53 in Spain, 78, 229–30 Tripartite Committee, 27–28, 30, 160 UK resistance to, 15, 31, 33–34, 62, 64–65, 77–78, 160, 216–17, 218, 220, 221 at United Fruit Company (UFC, now Chiquita) and, 187 US resistance to, 31, 62 Volcker shock and, 198, 205 wage-price spiral argument and, 63–65 wage suppression, 60, 63, 92–93 worker ownership and, 255 Land Rover, 28 Lansdale, Edward, 175 Lash, Scott, 37 Lazydays Holdings, 42 Lee, Susie, 42 legal issues competition law, 87, 150, 151 corporate crime, 106–7, 119–24, 156–57, 220–21 corporation as legal construct, 105–7 international court system, 178, 194–98, 203–4, 210 investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), 194–98 private law, 130–32 see also taxes and taxation Le Guin, Ursula K., 267 Lehman Brothers, 38, 48 Lenin, Vladimir, 59, 61, 122, 183 Lewis, John, 237 liberalism “blind” justice in, 149 comparative advantage and, 180–81 incomplete liberal revolutions and, 258 links with imperialism, 179–80 Lion Air Flight 610 (2018), 3–4, 7 Liveris, Andrew, 124 Locke, John, 145–47, 165 London School of Economics, 114 Lord of the Flies, The (Golding), 223–24 Lucas Aerospace Corporation/Lucas Plan, xix, 215–22, 226, 229, 231, 247, 248, 266 Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 251 Lumumba, Chokwe, 236, 247 Lumumba, Chokwe Antar, 236 Luxembourg, as tax haven, 79 Lynn, Barry, 21 M Ma, Jack, 171 Madoff, Bernie, 120–21 managerialism, 34–35, 84, 100, 108, 216 Manchin, Joe, 141 Mann, Geoff, 70 Marcos, Ferdinand, 175–76 Marcos, Imelda, 176 Marcos, Mariano, 175–76 market power access to financing and, 96 of Amazon, 75–77, 79–81, 88, 132–34 COVID-19 pandemic and, 59–60, 65 creative destruction (Schumpeter) and, 86, 95, 96 of Ford Motor Company, 28 free markets vs., 13 monopoly and, see monopoly nature of, 16, 76–80 oligopoly and, 94, 95 over suppliers, 95 political power and, 95–96, 104–8 price markups and, 65, 76, 87, 92 Marshall Plan, 263 Marx, Karl, 52–53, 68, 82, 84, 85, 92, 94, 98, 121–25, 182, 264–65 Capital, vii centralization of power in capitalism, xvii–xviii Communist Manifesto, 152 Grundrisse, 264 means of production in capitalism, 12–13, 247, 264 Mateen, Omar, 103 MCAS (Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System), 4, 5–7 McConnell, Mitch, 43 McDonald’s, 81 McDonnell Douglas, 4, 8–9 McKinsey & Company, 53–58, 155 McNamara, Robert, 27, 176 Meagher, Michelle, 88, 107 Meidner Plan (Sweden), 255 Meiksins Wood, Ellen, xviii Mein Kampf (Hitler), 19 mergers and acquisitions in the aerospace industry, 4, 8–9, 218–19 of agrochemical companies, 90–91, 123–24 of Amazon, 80 big tech and, 95 COVID-19 pandemic and, 59–60 of financial institutions, 133 of fossil fuel companies, 194–96 Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, 133 Mesopotamia, 14 Meta/Facebook, vii, 94, 106 Metalclad Corp., 197 Mexico, Metalclad Corp. lawsuit and, 197 Microsoft, 95 middle class, emergence in capitalism, 98 Miliband, Ed, 158 Miliband, Ralph, 158, 159, 247, 260 military-industrial complex (US), 9–10, 23, 25, 191–93, 217–20, 244 Minsky, Hyman, 113, 114 MIO Partners, 54–55 Mirowski, Philip, 36 Mississippi, Cooperation Jackson/Jackson-Kush Plan, 236–37, 247, 251–52, 255 money laundering, 120–21, 156–57 monopoly Amazon and, 75–77, 132–34 limiting investment in, 96–97 market concentration and, 91–92, 95 measuring monopoly power, 87–88 monopoly capitalism, 99–100 prices and, 92, 94–95 problems of monopoly power, 88–89 temporary monopoly power (Schumpeter), 85–88, 96 monopsony, 93, 97 Monsanto, 90, 91, 106, 123–24 Moon, Cary, 79 Morgan Stanley, 123–24, 153 Mottley, Mia, 70–71 Mubenga, Jimmy, 101–2 Muilenburg, Dennis, 7 Mulally, Alan, 29–30 Mundey, Jack, 227–29 Mussolini, Benito, 20, 187 N Nalundasan, Julio, 175 Napoleon Bonaparte, 187 Nasser, Gamal, 61 National Association of Realtors, 106 National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 78 Navatek LLC, 44 neoliberalism bureaucratization and, 34–35, 147 challenge of capitalist state and, 165–66 Chicago school of, 150–51, 199 consumer freedom of choice and, xiv, xv–xvi, 166–67 corporate welfare programs and, 7–8, 25, 29–33, 140–42, see also taxes and taxation crisis of governability and, 30–31 deregulation and, xv–xvi, 7, 31, 32, 51, 170, 206 distinction between capital and labor, 30–39 “double truths” of (Hayek), 36, 152 efficient markets as lie at heart of, 36–39, 146–47, 268 “encasing” democracy around the world, 203 Hayek and, see Hayek, Friedrich A.

Building the Cycling City: The Dutch Blueprint for Urban Vitality
by Melissa Bruntlett and Chris Bruntlett
Published 27 Aug 2018

“And with weather-related disasters on the rise, it’s super-relevant.” The natural next step in Portland’s maturing cargo-bike culture was to start shifting freight via more efficient means, beginning with the formation of B-Line Sustainable Delivery in 2010 by Maine transplants Franklin and Kathryn Jones. Acting as a “viable, alternative, clean-energy” distribution grid, B-Line’s fleet of custom-built, electric-assist tricycles provide a smart “last-mile” solution to businesses across the city. “Their growth and sophistication over the years has been impressive to watch,” asserts Maus, “to the point where now they’ve established themselves, both geographically and strategically, at the center of what I hope is the future of cargo transport.”

Waco Rising: David Koresh, the FBI, and the Birth of America's Modern Militias
by Kevin Cook
Published 30 Jan 2023

Koresh’s mother, who had driven down from Tyler for the dedication, told a TV crew she missed her grandchildren: “Cyrus and Star and Serenity and Chica and Hollywood—all of them.” Bonnie took a seat in a row of folding chairs while Jones and church elder Clive Doyle stood up front, under a chandelier. Jones, acting as host and emcee, got things rolling by commanding the podium. Shaking his fist, he said, “Victory is ours! Against the communists and socialists and the bankers that run the whole filthy show!” When Doyle’s turn came, he read the names of the dead in alphabetical order. “Shari Doyle … Yvette Fagan … Nicole Gent…” A replica of the Liberty Bell rang once for each Davidian who died in the siege and the fire.

Vassal State
by Angus Hanton
Published 25 Mar 2024

That’s the obligation we have to shareholders.’24 GE is a large industrial and leasing business with total assets of $200 billion, and its tax team has been nicknamed the ‘Harvard of tax departments’ because of its skill in minimising tax liabilities by legally arbitraging tax rules in different countries.25 In a rare public challenge by HMRC, it was revealed how GE arranged its affairs without the duty of candour that HMRC claimed was required. Tax officials said that the company moved $4.9 billion between subsidiaries in the UK, Luxembourg, Australia and the US to avoid about $1 billion of tax. The barrister Philip Jones, acting for HMRC, claimed in court that the whole thing was set up to gain a tax advantage.26 Part of the case went on for so long – it began in 2005 – that eventually it was struck out by the Court of Appeal in 2018. Despite much criticism from Parliament and tax lobbying groups, HMRC eventually settled for less than $100 million – less than a tenth of its original assessment of the liability.27 As well as offshoring profits, big US corporations are experts at exploiting any legal loopholes or allowances they can find, and have the resources to do it – in contrast to the cash-strapped HMRC and its civil servants.

A Sea in Flames: The Deepwater Horizon Oil Blowout
by Carl Safina
Published 18 Apr 2011

He joins the Department of Homeland Security and will continue managing the federal oil spill response. Meanwhile, the widows of workers killed in the Deepwater Horizon explosions are being told that Transocean plans to argue that its liability for damages owed is limited by the Death on the High Seas Act and the Jones Act. Shelley Anderson, whose husband, Jason, was a tool pusher on the rig, says, “Why would the damages to a family be different if a death occurs on the ocean as opposed to on land?” Well, Ms. Anderson, it’s not that the damage to your family is different. It’s just that, having caused your husband’s death, the corporation doesn’t want to pay you.

Buy Now, Pay Later: The Extraordinary Story of Afterpay
by Jonathan Shapiro and James Eyers
Published 2 Aug 2021

Touchcorp set up electronic self-service kiosks that could be used to prepay road toll and mobile phone carrier charges. About 30 kiosks had been set up at Coles Express stores, offering about 30 products. Encouraged by this early win, and with the hubris of the prevailing dotcom era, Touchcorp began approaching investors. With Rupert Murdoch’s brother-in-law John Calvert-Jones acting as chairman and Adrian Cleeve as managing director, Touchcorp incorporated as a public company. Blueblood brokerage firm JBWere helped the business raise $14 million with an eye on an ASX listing. But as the dotcom boom turned to bust, investors turned their attention to cash burn. In the case of Touchcorp, the speed with which money was being spent was alarming.

Land: How the Hunger for Ownership Shaped the Modern World
by Simon Winchester
Published 19 Jan 2021

Once Sergei Syrtsov’s message, so similar in sentiment to Lenin’s of a decade before—and perhaps as an apposite memorial to him, now dead for four years—began to echo its way down from corridors of the Kremlin and thence down to the Party apparatchiks on the ground in the Ukraine and beyond, so the plan began to gather muscle and energy, and the misery began to unfold. By the summer of 1930, the first signs were beginning to show themselves. Kulaks were being rounded up and sent away—and the confiscations, the grain hoarding, the executions, and the hunger began. These policies would gather strength in 1932 and by early 1933, when Gareth Jones, acting on a tip that strange and terrible things were happening in the Ukraine and in the countryside south of Moscow, made his first visit and managed to tell the world of an unfolding tragedy of quite dreadful proportions. In essence, what had happened since the start of the attacks on the kulaks and the true beginnings of the famine proper had borne out Syrtsov’s initial apprehensions: the kulaks and the poorer peasantry had indeed rebelled—both at the first attempts to collectivize their farms, and also at the huge amounts of grain that the farmers were being ordered to send out of the region, to feed the immense and growing armies of the newly industrializing country.

Sandy Hook: An American Tragedy and the Battle for Truth
by Elizabeth Williamson
Published 8 Mar 2022

And then, the big fight that I think Alex is gonna want to have, which I don’t think it’s a fight at all, really, is whether they’re public figures or not.” Would Neil and Veronique’s public statements, or Neil’s testimony in Congress, make them public figures? Would the high-profile nature of the crime turn all the victims’ families into “limited purpose” public figures? It wouldn’t matter, Bankston said, if the lawyers could prove that Jones acted with malice: that he knew his charges were false and made them anyway, or that he acted with reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. “The other day I was trying to think of an act of defamation in American history which was more malicious than this,” Bankston said. “His whole schtick is to sell a product,” Farrar said.

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
by Andrés Reséndez
Published 11 Apr 2016

For an excellent discussion of Indian slavery among the Mormons, see Jennifer Lindell, “Mormons and Native Americans in the Antebellum West” (master’s thesis, San Diego State University, 2011). 7. See Acts, Resolutions and Memorials, Passed at the Several Annual Sessions of the Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Utah (Salt Lake City: Joseph Cain, 1855), 173–174. 8. Daniel W. Jones acted as interpreter. The quote is from Jones, Forty Years Among the Indians, 151. On this episode, the best source by far is Jones, The Trial of Don Pedro León Luján, especially chaps. 4 and 5. 9. Jones, The Trial of Don Pedro León Luján, 95. 10. The Frémont quote is from Jones, The Trial of Don Pedro León Luján, 46.

Extreme Money: Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk
by Satyajit Das
Published 14 Oct 2011

Jones also used leverage. If he was long $1.5 million and short $1 million, then the total exposure to stock price movements was around $2.5 million on $0.5 million of net risk. Jones received 20 percent of performance. He invested his own money in the fund. Later, anticipating future developments, Jones acted as an incubator for two employees who left to set up their own funds, and transformed his fund into a fund-of-funds, investing in other hedge funds with different expertise and investment styles. In the late 1960s, Carol Loomis, a Fortune journalist, published an influential article about Jones’ fund.

Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol
by Iain Gately
Published 30 Jun 2008

True to his word, Hoover reformed Prohibition enforcement. Attempts were made to raise the abysmal standards of Prohibition Bureau agents. The entire service was made to sit the civil service exam. Only 41 percent passed after two attempts. Most of those who failed were dismissed and replaced. In 1929 the Jones Act was introduced, which stiffened penalties against violators of the Volstead Act. An amendment to it raising the appropriations of the Prohibition Bureau to the stupendous sum of $256 million (from around $12.5 million) was approved, then dropped—the drys were leery of making an unpopular law an expensive one.

The Outlaw Ocean: Journeys Across the Last Untamed Frontier
by Ian Urbina
Published 19 Aug 2019

,” ABC News, Sept. 22, 2010; John Crace, “Max Hardberger: Repo Man of the Seas,” Guardian, Nov. 14, 2010; “ ‘Repo Man of the Seas’ Shivers Pirates’ Timbers,” interview by Guy Raz, All Things Considered, National Public Radio, Nov. 21, 2010; Marco Giannangeli, “I Am the Man the Killer Pirates Fear,” Sunday Express, Nov. 28, 2010; Aidan Radnedge, “I’m Max and I Steal Ships from Pirates,” Metro (U.K.), April 19, 2011; Richard Grant, “Vigilante of the High Seas,” Daily Telegraph, July 23, 2011; Michael Hansen, “More on the Jones Act Controversy,” Hawaii Reporter, Aug. 13, 2013; Jenny Staletovich, “The Last Voyage of El Faro,” Miami Herald, Oct. 11, 2015. I scoured the court papers: The details of the Maya Express come from interviews with Max Hardberger between 2017 and 2018 as well as court documents that he provided.

This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate
by Naomi Klein
Published 15 Sep 2014

Scott Sinclair, “Negotiating from Weakness,” Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, April 2010, p. 11. 16. Aaron Cosbey, “Renewable Energy Subsidies and the WTO: The Wrong Law and the Wrong Venue,” Subsidy Watch 44 (2011): 1. 17. “Multi-Association Letter Regarding EU Fuel Quality Directive,” Institute for 21st Century Energy, May 20, 2013, http://www.energyxxi.org; “Froman Pledges to Preserve Jones Act, Criticizes EU Clean Fuel Directive,” Inside US Trade, September 20, 2013; “Non-paper on a Chapter on Energy and Raw Materials in TTIP,” Council of the European Union, May 27, 2014, http://www.scribd.com; Lydia DePillis, “A Leaked Document Shows Just How Much the EU Wants a Piece of America’s Fracking Boom,” Washington Post, July 8, 2014. 18.

Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health
by Laurie Garrett
Published 15 Feb 2000

By 1950 insurance would be picking up 14 percent of the tab; in 1960 it would cover 38 percent. And by 1970 fully two-thirds of all personal health dollars would be covered by private insurance. 176. Stevens, R., 1989, op. cit. 177. Jones, L., Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1980. 178. Under the Jones Act of 1917 Puerto Ricans had the right to U.S. citizenship and could freely reside in America. Tuberculosis case rates rose in the city during the 1940s, partly because of this influx of immigrants. Thanks to the department’s dissemination of free antibiotics to indigent TB sufferers, however, death rates in New York fell from 44.8 per 10,000 in 1941 to 35.7 in 1948.

Reamde
by Neal Stephenson
Published 19 Sep 2011

“Does that mean that if you’d been able to get bars, you’d have given the order to kill her?” “There is no fixed plan. We assess our situation from hour to hour.” “Then assess this: we’re sitting in an exposed place up here. Anyone down there in those valleys could see us. What are we waiting for?” Jones acted as if he hadn’t heard this. “Is that Abandon Mountain?” he asked, nodding south. “Yes.” “Roads connect to its opposite side.” “The lower slopes, yes. That’s the way out.” “Let’s go then,” Jones said, rising to his feet and dusting off his bum. Richard had just tasked him: told him that they had to move away from this exposed position.