Leonard Kleinrock Concepts

The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution

by Walter Isaacson · 6 Oct 2014 · 720pp · 197,129 words

around Scantlebury to learn more, then moved on to the bar to discuss it late into the night. PACKET SWITCHING: PAUL BARAN, DONALD DAVIES, AND LEONARD KLEINROCK There are many ways of sending data through a network. The simplest, known as circuit switching, is the way a phone system does it: a

…

mounted. With survivable communications systems, nations would not feel the need to adopt a hair-trigger posture. Donald Davies (1924–2000). Paul Baran (1926–2011). Leonard Kleinrock (1934– ). Vint Cerf (1943– ) and Bob Kahn (1938– ). Baran came up with two key ideas, which he began publishing in 1960. His first was that

…

. Larry Roberts not only embraced their ideas; he also adopted the word packet.58 A third and somewhat more controversial contributor in this mix was Leonard Kleinrock, a joyful, affable, and occasionally self-promoting expert on the flow of data in networks, who became close friends with Larry Roberts when they shared

…

or what we were doing.”86 As Crocker finally realized, “You can’t get all the guys involved to agree on why it was built.” Leonard Kleinrock, who had been his supervisor at UCLA, came to the same conclusion: “We will never know if nuclear survivability was the motivation. It was an

…

Paul Baran and Donald Davies, the suggestion for standardized IMPs proposed by Wes Clark, the theoretical insights of J. C. R. Licklider, Les Earnest, and Leonard Kleinrock, and the contributions of many other inventors. Of the 140 companies that received the request, only a dozen decided to submit bids. IBM, for example

…

Cerf, Wes Clark, Steve Crocker, Lee Felsenstein, Bob Frankston, Bob Kahn, Alan Kay, Bill Gates, Al Gore, Andy Grove, Justin Hall, Bill Joy, Jim Kimsey, Leonard Kleinrock, Tracy Licklider, Liza Loop, David McQueeney, Gordon Moore, John Negroponte, Larry Page, Howard Rheingold, Larry Roberts, Arthur Rock, Virginia Rometty, Ben Rosen, Steve Russell, Eric

…

of the Internet? The Case for Donald Davies,” http://www.academia.edu. 59. Author’s interview with Leonard Kleinrock; Leonard Kleinrock oral history, conducted by John Vardalas, IEEE History Center, Feb. 21, 2004. 60. Author’s interview with Leonard Kleinrock. 61. Kleinrock oral history, IEEE. 62. Segaller, Nerds, 34. 63. Author’s interviews with Kleinrock, Roberts

…

; see also Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, 1009; Segaller, Nerds, 53. 64. Leonard Kleinrock, “Information Flow in Large Communications Nets,” proposal for a PhD

…

thesis, MIT, May 31, 1961. See also Leonard Kleinrock, Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Flow and Design (McGraw-Hill, 1964). 65. Leonard Kleinrock personal website, http://www.lk.cs.ucla.edu/index.html. 66

…

. Leonard Kleinrock, “Memoirs of the Sixties,” in Peter Salus, The ARPANET Sourcebook (Peer-to-Peer, 2008

…

), 96. 67. Leonard Kleinrock interview, Computing Now, IEEE Computer Society, 1996. Kleinrock is quoted in Peter Salus

…

Kleinrock. 70. Donald Davies, “A Historical Study of the Beginnings of Packet Switching,” Computer Journal, British Computer Society, 2001. 71. Alex McKenzie, “Comments on Dr. Leonard Kleinrock’s Claim to Be ‘the Father of Modern Data Networking,’ ” Aug. 16, 2009, http://alexmckenzie.weebly.com/comments-on-kleinrocks-claims.html. 72. Katie Hafner

…

, “Birthing the Internet,” New York Times, Nov. 22, 2001. Earnest minimizes the distinction between a “store and forward” system and a “packet switch” one. 73. Leonard Kleinrock, “Principles and Lessons in Packet Communications,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Nov. 1978. 74. Kleinrock oral history, Charles Babbage Institute, Apr. 3, 1990. 75

…

. Leonard Kleinrock, “On Resource Sharing in a Distributed Communication Environment,” IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002. One loyalist did support Kleinrock’s claims: his longtime friend, casino mate,

…

: Final Report,” 1995, http://www.merit.edu/documents/pdf/nsfnet/nsfnet_report.pdf. 86. Author’s interview with Steve Crocker. 87. Author’s interview with Leonard Kleinrock. 88. Author’s interview with Robert Taylor. 89. Author’s interview with Vint Cerf; Radia Joy Perlman, “Network Layer Protocols with Byzantine Robustness,” PhD dissertation

…

. 95. The tale of Steve Crocker’s RFCs has been told in many variations. This account comes from my interviews with Steve Crocker, Vint Cerf, Leonard Kleinrock; Hafner and Lyon, Where Wizards Stay Up Late, 2192 and passim; Abbate, Inventing the Internet, 1330 and passim; Stephen Crocker oral history, conducted by Judy

Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet

by Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon · 1 Jan 1996 · 352pp · 96,532 words

, Roberts’s circle of colleagues was wide. One of his best friends from Lincoln Laboratory, with whom he had worked on the TX-2, was Leonard Kleinrock, a smart and ambitious engineer who had attended MIT on a full scholarship. If anyone influenced Roberts in his earliest thinking about computer networks, it

Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet

by Andrew Blum · 28 May 2012 · 314pp · 83,631 words

machine called an interface message processor, or IMP, was installed at the University of California–Los Angeles, under the supervision of a young professor named Leonard Kleinrock. He’s still there, a little less young, but with a boyish smile and a website that seemed to encourage visitors. “You’ll want to

…

a fit of empire building, shuffling papers on a Saturday afternoon. This I can picture precisely, because when I walked in forty-one years later, Leonard Kleinrock was still sitting there, sprightly at seventy-five, wearing a starched pink shirt, black slacks, and a BlackBerry clipped to a polished leather belt. His

…

supremely tidy suburb in the heart of Silicon Valley. Menlo Park is a place rich in a lot of things, Internet history among them. When Leonard Kleinrock recorded his first “host-to-host” communication—what he likes to call “the first breath of the Internet’s life”—the computer on the other

…

basic building blocks of the Internet. They scaled: the twenty-dollar box I bought at Radio Shack was a kind of router, and so was Leonard Kleinrock’s original IMP. They were and are the Internet’s first physical pieces. But what did I really know about what went on inside? I

…

of Networks A shelfful of books helped me to understand the Internet’s history; I’ve listed them below. At UCLA, I’m grateful to Leonard Kleinrock who gave the better part of an afternoon to sharing stories. My understanding of the murky history of MAE-East was thanks to Steve Feldman

The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal

by M. Mitchell Waldrop · 14 Apr 2001

more to the point, the use of packets in networking had been thoroughly analyzed in the 1962 Ph.D. thesis of Roberts's MIT classmate Leonard Kleinrock/- who was now at UCLA. He and Kleinrock had discussed the issues extensively when he was planning the 1 965 experiment, Roberts said. And the

…

; Frank Heart, OH 186; George H. Hellmeler, OH 226; Charles Herzfeld, OH 208; Cuthbert C. Hurd, OH 261; Robert E. Kahn, OH 158, OH 192; Leonard Kleinrock, OH 190;J. C. R. LICklIder, OH 150; Stephen Lukasik, OH 232; John William Mauchly, OH 26, OH 44; Kathleen Mauchly, OH 11 ;John McCarthy

A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age

by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman · 17 Jul 2017 · 415pp · 114,840 words

the authors, August 8, 2014. “He was really lionized”: Quoted in Chiu et al., “Mathematical Theory of Claude Shannon.” “If I’m going to spend”: Leonard Kleinrock, interviewed by the authors, September 16, 2016. “I can’t be an advisor”: Quoted in Guizzo, “The Essential Message,” 61. “I was in such awe

…

of him”: Robert Gallager, interviewed by the authors, August 8, 2014. “I always felt honored”: Leonard Kleinrock, interviewed by the authors, September 16, 2016. “I was just so impressed”: Quoted in Guizzo, “The Essential Message,” 59. “His classes were like

…

”: Leonard Kleinrock, interviewed by the authors, September 16, 2016. “For some problems”: Quoted in ibid., 60. “He was not the sort of person”: Robert Gallager, interviewed by

…

the authors, August 8, 2014. “We all revered Shannon”: Quoted in Guizzo, “The Essential Message,” 59. “He said, ‘Why don’t you’”: Leonard Kleinrock, interviewed by the authors, September 26, 2016. “Shannon’s favorite thing to do”: Larry Roberts, interviewed by the authors, September 16, 2016. “I had what

…

Your Research,” lecture, Bell Communications Research Colloquium Seminar, March 7, 1986, www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/YouAndYourResearch.html. “When you work with someone like Shannon”: Leonard Kleinrock, interviewed by the authors, September 16, 2016. “I’ve been more interested”: Shannon, interviewed by John Horgan (unpublished). “He was not interested”: Henry Pollak, interviewed

Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins

by Garry Kasparov · 1 May 2017 · 331pp · 104,366 words

Dan David Foundation and Tel Aviv University give out prizes that “recognize and encourage innovative and interdisciplinary research that cuts across traditional boundaries and paradigms.” Leonard Kleinrock of UCLA was there to receive in the category of “The Future—Computers and Telecommunications.” As a slideshow presented the audience with a summary of

…

, I excitedly whispered to my wife, Dasha, “That’s him! That’s the guy who sent the ‘l’ and the ‘o’!” On October 29, 1969, Leonard Kleinrock’s lab sent the very first letters over ARPANET from his computer at UCLA to another machine at Stanford. They attempted to send the word

…

out to be, at least in the eyes of the Defense Department. They wanted expert systems for recognizing bomb targets, not machines that could talk. Leonard Kleinrock was still at UCLA, but he turned out to be our neighbor on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He was gracious enough to share

…

bottom line. Government-backed research tends to favor specific gadgets to fit an existing need, not ambitious, open-ended missions to answer big questions like Leonard Kleinrock’s “How do we get every computer in the world to talk to each other?” The Oxford Martin School at Oxford University has collected quite

Algorithms to Live By: The Computer Science of Human Decisions

by Brian Christian and Tom Griffiths · 4 Apr 2016 · 523pp · 143,139 words

human interaction, but as early as the 1960s it was clear that this paradigm wasn’t going to work for machine communications. As UCLA’s Leonard Kleinrock recalls, I knew that computers, when they talk, they don’t talk the way I am now—continuously. They go blast! and they’re quiet

…

Cell Phone: We Knew Someday Everybody Would Have One,” interview with Tas Anjarwalla, CNN, July 9, 2010. The message was “login”—or would have been: Leonard Kleinrock tells the story in a 2014 video interview conducted by Charles Severence and available at “Len Kleinrock: The First Two Packets on the Internet,” https

…

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uY7dUJT7OsU. portentous and Old Testament despite himself: Says UCLA’s Leonard Kleinrock, “We didn’t plan it, but we couldn’t have come up with a better message: short and prophetic.” The tiles on the floor of

…

the Greek protokollon: See, e.g., the Online Etymology Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=protocol. “They go blast! and they’re quiet”: Leonard Kleinrock, “Computing Conversations: Len Kleinrock on the Theory of Packets,” interview with Charles Severance (2013). See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsgrtrwydjw as well as

The System: Who Owns the Internet, and How It Owns Us

by James Ball · 19 Aug 2020 · 268pp · 76,702 words

They decided the first thing to do was just use the technology as it was intended, to log in to the other computer remotely. Professor Leonard Kleinrock,2 UCLA’s head of the project, later recalled how researchers at both ends of the communication were simply trying to send and receive the

The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation

by Jon Gertner · 15 Mar 2012 · 550pp · 154,725 words

Dick Frenkiel Robert Gallager Ted Geballe Randy Giles Eugene Gordon Robert Gunther-Mohr David Hagelbarger Ira Jacobs Bill Jakes Mary Jakes William Keefauver Jeong Kim Leonard Kleinrock Herwig Kogelnik Henry Landau Arthur Lewbel Tingye Li Sandy Liebsman Bob Lucky John MacChesney Max Mathews John Mayo Brock McMillan Debasis Mitra Cherry Murray Michael

Running Money

by Andy Kessler · 4 Jun 2007 · 323pp · 92,135 words

Mead, Bob Metcalfe and Paul Allen were regulars. “I don’t know what the ﬁrst packet was,” I confessed. My tablemate turned out to be Leonard Kleinrock, a UCLA professor, according to his name tag. It turned out that he had been at the creation. Since the 1978 introduction of the Apple

…

problem is that from the very beginning, the phone network cut corners. Fortunately, the Cold War gave us packets. “It was the fall of 1969,” Leonard Kleinrock started. I think I was watching The Munsters back then. “We had the ﬁrst IMP from BBN. I think it cost ARPA around $10,000