Machynlleth

Lonely Planet Wales (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet
Published 17 Apr 2017

It's an overwhelmingly rural place, ideal for walking and cycling, but this county isn't just green in a literal sense – Machynlleth has become a focal point for the nation's environmentally friendly aspirations, and all over the county efforts to restore the threatened red kite have been met with outstanding success. The bird is now the very symbol of Powys, the county at Wales' green heart. Machynlleth Pop 2235 Little Machynlleth (ma-hun-khleth) punches well above its weight. Saturated in historical significance, it was here that nationalist hero Owain Glyndŵr established the country's first parliament in 1404. But even that legacy is close to being trumped by Machynlleth's reinvention as the green capital of Wales – thanks primarily to the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT), 3 miles north of town.

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But even that legacy is close to being trumped by Machynlleth's reinvention as the green capital of Wales – thanks primarily to the Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT), 3 miles north of town. The centre has given Machynlleth an eco-magneticism that attracts alternative lifestylers from far and wide. If you want to get your runes read, take up yoga or explore holistic dancing, Machynlleth is the ideal place for you. Unfortunately, it hasn't been enough to protect the town from failing fortunes, with some much-loved shops and cafes succumbing to economic pressures in recent years. Still a surprisingly cosmopolitan local town, Machynlleth is surrounded by serene countryside, particularly suited to mountain biking. Machynlleth 1Top Sights 1MOMA MachynllethB1 1Sights 2Owain Glyndŵr CentreC1 4Sleeping 3Wynnstay WalesB2 5Eating 4MarketB2 5Number Twenty OneB1 1Sights oCentre for Alternative TechnologyLANDMARK (CAT; Canolfan y Dechnoleg Amgen; GOOGLE MAP ; %01654-705950; www.cat.org.uk; Pantperthog; adult/child £8.50/4; h10am-5pm; pc)S A small but dedicated band of enthusiasts have spent 40 years practising sustainability at the thought-provoking CAT, set in a beautiful wooded valley 3 miles north of Machynlleth.

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Dyfi Mountain BikingMOUNTAIN BIKING (www.dyfimountainbiking.org.uk) This local collective has waymarked four mountain-bike routes from Machynlleth: the Mach 1, 2, 3 and 4, each longer and more challenging than the last. In the Dyfi Forest, near Corris, is the custom-built, 9-mile, ClimachX loop trail. In May the same crew runs the Dyfi Enduro, a noncompetitive, 37-mile mountain-bike challenge attracting over 1000 riders. zFestivals & Events Machynlleth Comedy FestivalCOMEDY (www.machcomedyfest.co.uk; hApril/May) This long weekend of laughs also involves theatre and kids' shows and is increasingly attracting top-flight UK comics. Gŵyl MachynllethMUSIC (Machynlleth Festival; www.momawales.org.uk; hAug) Takes place in the Tabernacle at MOMA Machynlleth during the third week of August, with music ranging from kids' stuff to cabaret, plus a lively fringe festival. 4Sleeping Downtown Machynlleth has a good number of guesthouses and pubs with rooms, while out of town you'll find a campsite and more glamorous, secluded options.

Great Britain
by David Else and Fionn Davenport
Published 2 Jan 2007

For details of both, contact the Offa’s Dyke Centre ( 01547-528753; www.offasdyke.demon.co.uk/odc.htm; West St, Knighton; 10am-5pm Easter-Oct, 10am-4pm Mon, Wed, Fri & Sat, 10am-5pm Tue & Thu Nov-Easter), part of the tourist office in the border town of Knighton. Return to beginning of chapter MACHYNLLETH pop 2200 Tiny Machynlleth (ma-hun-khleth) punches well above its weight. The town is rich in historical importance as it is here that nationalist hero Owain Glyndŵr defied the English to establish the country’s first parliament in 1404. His legacy still lends Machynlleth a noble air but, more recently, the town has reinvented itself as the green capital of Wales and a centre for alternative communities. See www.ecodyfi.org.uk for more details.

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* * * A combined art gallery and converted chapel, the Museum of Modern Art for Wales (MOMA; 01654-703355; www.momawales.org.uk; Penrallt St; admission free; 10am-4pm Mon-Sat) has two galleries: one for Welsh and one for international works. The 400-seater Tabernacle Chapel is the focus of August’s impressive weeklong Gŵyl Machynlleth Festival of classical music. Activities Machynlleth is a centre for mountain-biking, with the Holey Trail Cycle Hire ( 01654-700411; www.theholeytrail.co.uk; 31 Maengwyn St; bike hire half-/full day £12/18; 10am-6pm Mon-Sat) the hub for repairs and information. The owners can advise on riding the three main trails, the Mach 1, 2 and 3 which, at 10, 14 and 19 miles respectively, are increasingly challenging.

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At the time of writing, CAT was open a new, dedicated study centre, the Wales Institute for Sustainable Education (WISE; www.cat.org.uk/wise), in the summer of 2009 with a 200-seat lecture theatre and 24 en suite study bedrooms. Built according to sustainable principles, it will be a major new facility for CAT’s program of courses. CAT lies 3 miles north of Machynlleth on the A487. Hourly buses (four on Sunday) run from the clock tower in Machynlleth; bus 34 stops directly at the visitor centre, while bus X32 drops off in Pantperthog, five minutes’ walk away. Arrive by train and get a 50% discount on admission, and by bus or bike for a £1 discount. For the ultimate get-away-from-it-all break with a green conscience, Eco Retreats ( 01654-781375; www.ecoretreats.co.uk; per tepee weekend/mid-week high season £329/315, mid-week low season £295; Mar-Oct) comprises four 21ft-diameter North American Indian tepees and one 18ft Mongolian-style yurt in the middle of the Dyfi Forest.

Ye Olde Britain: Best Historical Experiences
by Lonely Planet Publications
Published 3 Mar 2012

Table of Contents Ye Olde Britain: Best Historical Experiences Country Map London The West End & West London The City & East London Roman London South London Southern England Avebury Bath Battle Brighton Bristol Canterbury Chichester Corfe Castle Dorchester Dover Exeter Southern England’s Best Castles Glastonbury Gloucester Isle of Wight Lacock Oxford Penzance Plymouth Portsmouth Rye St Albans Salisbury Shaftesbury Sherborne Southampton Stonehenge Tewkesbury Tintagel Wells Britain’s Best Religious Buildings Winchester Windsor & Eton Woodstock Free Time Travel Central England Bakewell Cambridge Colchester Coventry Derby Ely Hardwick Hall Hereford Holkham Ironbridge Gorge Kenilworth Britain’s Best Stately Homes King’s Lynn Leicester Lichfield Lincoln Ludlow Norwich Nottingham Stamford Stratford-upon-Avon Sutton Hoo Warwick Worcester Best Historical Accommodation England Wales Scotland Northern England Alnwick Northumberland Castles Bamburgh Beverley Carlisle Chester Darlington Durham Hadrian’s Wall Helmsley Hexham Holy Island (Lindisfarne) Hull Keswick Lancaster Leeds Liverpool Manchester Newcastle Richmond Ripon Scarborough Whitby York Wales Blaenavon (Blaenafon) Beaumaris (Biwmares) Caerleon Caernarfon Cardiff Castell Henllys Iron Age Fort Offa’s Dyke Path Chepstow (Cas Gwent) Conwy Harlech Llandeilo Machynlleth Pembroke Raglan Castle St Davids (Tyddewi) Edinburgh & Around Glasgow & Southern Scotland Culzean Castle Glasgow Jedburgh Kelso Kilmarnock Melrose New Lanark Traquair House Central & Northern Scotland Aberdeen Arbroath Balmoral Castle Blair Castle Dunfermline Falkland Glamis Castle Inveraray Inverness Isle of Iona Kilmartin Glen Newtonmore Oban Orkney Perth St Andrews Shetland Stirling Stornoway Ye Olde Britain: Best Historical Experiences Britain’s history can be seen in every corner of the country.

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For peasant labourers that survived, an upside was a rise in wages. 1371 The last of the Bruce dynasty dies, succeeded by the Stewards (Stewarts), who rule Scotland and then Britain for the next three and a half centuries. 1381 Richard II confronted by the Peasants’ Revolt. This attempt by commoners to overthrow the feudal system is brutally suppressed. 1400 Welsh nationalist hero Owain Glyndwr leads the Welsh in rebellion, declaring a parliament in Machynlleth, but his rebellion is short-lived and victory fleeting. 1459–71 The Wars of the Roses – an ongoing conflict between two competing dynasties, the Houses of Lancaster and York. The Yorkists are eventually successful, enabling King Edward IV to gain the throne. 1468–69 Orkney and then Shetland are mortgaged to Scotland as part of a dowry from Danish King Christian I, whose daughter is to marry the future King James III of Scotland. 1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth to become King Henry VII, establishing the Tudor dynasty and ending York-Lancaster rivalry for the throne. 1509–47 The reign of King Henry VIII.

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The current structure was built at the end of the 13th century in the course of Edward I’s conquest of Wales. It was partially dismantled in 1462 during the Wars of the Roses. The most unusual feature is a stone-vaulted passage running along the top of the sheer southern cliff, which leads down to a long, narrow, natural cave; bring a torch, or hire one from the ticket office (£1.50). Machynlleth Owain Glyndwr Centre (www.canolfanglyndwr.org; adult/child £2/free; 10am-4pm Tue-Sat Easter-Sep) Housed in a rare example of a late-medieval Welsh town house, the Owain Glyndwr Centre has somewhat dry displays but nevertheless tells a rip-roaring story of the Welsh hero’s fight for independence.

The World's First Railway System: Enterprise, Competition, and Regulation on the Railway Network in Victorian Britain
by Mark Casson
Published 14 Jul 2009

The landed gentry supported a local railway—the Cambrian—which came under the inXuence of speculators interested in developing the tourist potential of the coast around Barmouth and Aberystwyth. The Cambrian built a line from Whitchurch, on the LNWR line from Crewe to Shrewsbury, through Oswestry, Welshpool, and Machynlleth to Aberystwyth (opened in 1863). A coastal branch was later completed from the Dovey estuary near Machynthlleth to Pwllheli in the Lleyn Peninsular of North Wales. The tourist trade developed only slowly at Aberystwyth, but eventually the GWR decided to compete with its own line from Ruabon, on the Chester to Shrewsbury line, to Dolgellau, where it connected with a Cambrian branch to Barmouth on the Pwllheli line.

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On both the actual and counterfactual systems the two coastal trunk lines are joined up to form a continuous loop by a line from Bangor to Carmarthen. On the actual system this route had four distinct portions, separated by hubs at which trains reverse directions—Afon Wen, near Pwllheli, Dovey Junction near Machynlleth, and Aberystwyth. Three separate companies owned the line: the LNWR, the Cambrian, and the GWR. The sections north and south of Aberystwyth were operated almost entirely independently. On the counterfactual, by contrast, the entire coastal loop, including the trunk line portions, can be operated as an integrated entity.

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Goodall, Stephen P. (1992) The Vale of Clwyd Railway: Rhyl to Denbigh, The author. Jenkins, Stanley C. and John M. Strange (2004) The Wrexham & Ellesmere Railway, Usk: Oakwood. Johnson, Peter (2002) An Illustrated History of the Welsh Highland Railway, Hersham: Oxford Publishing. Jones, G. Briwnant (1990) Railway through Talerddig: The Story of the Newtown and Machynlleth and Associated Railways in the DyW Valley, Llandysul: Gomer. Jones, Ivor Wynne and Gordon Hatherill (1977) Llechwedd and Other Ffestiniog Railways, Blaenau Ffestiniog: Quarry Tours. Lee, Charles E. (1970) The Welsh Highland Railway, Newton Abbot: David and Charles and The Welsh Highland Light Railway.

Feral: Rewilding the Land, the Sea, and Human Life
by George Monbiot
Published 13 May 2013

I leant against the exposed bank of the reservoir, mentally dressing the land, picturing what might once have lived there, what could live there again. Then I rose, stumbled up the hill and ran back along the track. When I returned to the glowing hearth of the ruined wood, with its occasional bird calls, I almost wept with relief. The Cambrian Mountains cover some 460 square miles, from Machynlleth in the north to Llandovery in the south, Tregaron in the west to Rhayader in the east. They are almost uninhabited, almost unvisited: two friends of mine once walked across them for six days without seeing another person. They begin 300 yards from my home. I see them from my kitchen window, rising through fridd*1 and birch woods to a bare skyline.

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‘That was the worst of times in terms of habitat destruction, almost the final nail in the coffin of what John Clare was writing about. He was there at the beginning of the process, I was there at the end. It was a permanent loss. It’s all gone.’ As part of his first degree, Ritchie took a placement at the Centre for Alternative Technology in Machynlleth. ‘It all came together in my head: the care for the land and our impact on it, the importance of minimizing it. After working in London, I moved back to Wales in the early 90s and got a job as a carpenter on the cliff railway at the Centre. I started working as a contractor managing small-scale woods.

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To a lesser extent, the same belief prevails in several other parts of the rich world. Some of our conservation groups appear to be not just zoophobic but also dendrophobic: afraid of trees. They seem afraid of the disorderly, unplanned, unstructured revival of the natural world. On a cool, blustery day in June, I travelled up the mountain road between Machynlleth and Llanidloes to visit the nature reserve that is said to exemplify the delights of the Cambrian Mountains. Glaslyn is described by the group that owns it as ‘Really Wild! . . . not only is this the biggest reserve currently managed by the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, but it is also the wildest and most regionally important site.’1 I expected to find an oasis, a fecund sanctuary in the Desert.

A Book for Her
by Bridget Christie
Published 1 Jul 2015

I don’t know for certain, but I’m pretty sure the Foster’s Award panel judges wouldn’t have chosen a show in which a person just read out some Amazon reviews other people had written, for sixty minutes. Not when there were 500-odd other comedy shows on the Fringe they could’ve chosen. So I had the title and the pen routine. I just needed to get another fifty-five minutes together before August. I remember doing a terrible work-in-progress show at the Machynlleth Comedy Festival. Apart from the pen stuff it was awful. Every year, around April/May, when I’m starting to write a new show for Edinburgh, I look like I’ve never been onstage before. It’s disconcerting but also thrilling. It reminds you of the precariousness of it all and it keeps you grounded.

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She’s only seven, my own son’s age, but her childhood, as she knew it, is over now, gone forever, just because some loser 5,000 years ago lost the plot and blurted out his magic cure for controlling women. My reaction to this photo made me question everything, about myself and about the wider issue. Have we become desensitised to what we consider ‘Third World problems?’ On the May bank holiday weekend, I stopped at a motorway service station on my way to the Machynlleth Comedy Festival in Wales, where I was performing my most recent stand-up show, An Ungrateful Woman. Above the hand dryers in the ladies’ toilets were posters of African girls who were being sold as child brides. The girls were ten. They were being sold to men of fifty or sixty. It’s obviously abhorrent and disgusting, but I watched woman after woman passively consume this information as they dried their hands.

James Acaster's Classic Scrapes - the Hilarious Sunday Times Bestseller
by James Acaster
Published 4 Dec 2018

But even though the Mr Eko situation hadn’t panned out as I’d hoped I was fairly relaxed about it, mainly because it was, by an awfully huge margin, not the worst thing that had happened to me during the tour. Déjà vu, Déjà vu It was about a month before Mr Eko-gate and we had just started the Welsh leg of the tour. We’d done Swansea the previous night and in the morning we drove to Brecon to meet some friends for lunch before setting off to Machynlleth for our next show. The drive from Brecon to Machynlleth was going to be a scenic one, winding through Welsh hillside and through areas of woodland. The promoter had met up with us in Brecon and he was leading the way in his car with us following him in ours. We stopped at a big Tesco early on and I bought CeeLo Green’s album The Lady Killer for £4.99 just so we could listen to the song ‘Fuck You’ in the car.

Architect's Pocket Book of Kitchen Design
by Charlotte Baden-Powell
Published 14 May 2005

Billingham, Stockton-on-Tees TS16 0RW email: enquiries@staron.co.uk www.staron.co.uk Steelplan Kitchens Wealdstone Road, Kimpton Industrial Estate, Sutton SM3 9RW email: sales@steelplan.com www.steelplan.com Stoves Glen Dimplex Cooking Ltd, Stoney La, Prescot L35 2XW www.stoves.co.uk Strand, John (MK) Ltd 12 Herga Road, Wealdstone, Harrow HA3 5AS email: enquiry@johnstrand-mk.co.uk www.johnstrand-mk.co.uk Sylmar Technology Ltd Tickford House, Silver Street, Newport Pagnell MK16 0EX email: nick.butler@sylmar.co.uk THG International Ltd 7 Shepherds Bush Rd, London W6 7NA email: thgint@btinternet.com Traditional Doors Unit 12, Cradle Hill Industrial Estate, Seaford BN25 3JE Tweeny Kingfisher House, Wheel Park, Westfield TN35 4SE email: sales@tweeny.co.uk U-Line Corporation 17 Mill Lane, Woodford Green, London IG8 0UN email: sales@u-line.co.uk www.u-line.co.uk Vectaire Ltd Lincoln Rd, Cressex Business Pk, High Wycombe HP12 3RH email: sales@vectaire.co.uk www.vectaire.co.uk Vent-Axia Ltd 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enquiries@welshslate.com www.welshslate.com Whirlpool UK 209 Purley Way, Croydon CR9 4RY email: whirlpool.uk@whirlpool.com www.whirlpool.com Wicanders Star Road, Partridge Green, Horsham RH13 8RA email: info.ar.uk@amorim.com www.amorim.com Wincilate Ltd Aberllefenni Slate Quarries, Machynlleth SY20 9RU email: slate@wincilate.co.uk www.wincilate.co.uk Woodentops The Barn, Park Farm, Hundred Acre Lane, Wivelfield Green RH17 7RU email: sales@woodentops.co.uk www.woodentops.co.uk Woodfit Kem Mill, Whittle le Woods, Chorley PR6 7EA email: sales@woodfit.com www.woodfit.com World’s End Tiles Ltd 202 Great Portland Street, London W1W 5QQ www.worldsendtiles.co.uk Xpelair Ltd Morley Way, Peterborough PE2 9JJ www.applied-energy.com Zanussi Ltd 55 High Street, Slough SL1 1DZ www.zanussi.co.uk Zehnder Ltd B15 Armstrong Mall, Southwood Business Pk, Farnborough GU14 0NR email: sales@runtal-zehnder.co.uk www.zehnder.co.uk Zip Heaters 14 Bertie Ward Road, Rash’s Green, Dereham NR19 1TE email: sales@zipheaters.co.uk www.zipheaters.co.uk tel: 0845 345 2288 fax: 0845 345 2299 tel: 020 7354 0306 fax: 020 7354 8485 tel: 020 8649 5000 fax: 020 8649 5060 tel: 01403 710001 fax: 01403 710003 tel: 01654 761602 fax: 01654 761418 tel: 01273 891891 fax: 01273 890044 tel: 01257 266421 fax: 01257 264271 tel: 0800 587 118 fax: 020 7291 0741 tel: 01733 456789 fax: 01733 310606 tel: 01753 872500 fax: 01753 538972 tel: 01252 515151 fax: 01252 522528 tel: 0870 608 8888 fax: 020 8870 3720 Directory Cabinets Alno Almilmo Bulthaup Crabtree Crown Imperial Elite Keller Nolte Pogenpohl Siematic Cabinets, steel GEC Anderson M&G Olympic Pland Space Savers Steelplan Cabinets for the disabled AKW Medicare Care Design Jeld-Wen Keep Able N&C Phlexicaire 200 Architect’s Pocket Book of Kitchen Design Cabinet carcases Jeld-Wen Mereway Woodfit Cabinet doors Commonfield Crestwood Excel Mereway Parapan Traditional Doors Woodfit Cabinet fittings and accessories Blum Crestwood Häfele Isaac Lord Woodfit Cold rooms Norcool Cooking appliances AEG Aga-Rayburn Atag Baumatic Belling Bosch Calor Gas Candy Directory Creda De Dietrich Fagor Fisher & Paykel Gaggenau Hotpoint Küppersbusch Maytag Miele Neff New World Redfyre Smeg Stoves Whirlpool Zanussi Cooker hoods AEG Atag Baumatic Bosch Creda De Dietrich Fagor Gaggenau Hotpoint Maytag Miele Neff New World Smeg Stoves Vectaire Whirlpool Zanussi 201 202 Architect’s Pocket Book of Kitchen Design Cooling appliances AEG Amana Atag Baumatic Belling Bosch Corner Fridge Creda De Dietrich Fagor Fisher & Paykel Frigidaire Gaggenau Hotpoint Küppersbusch Lec Maytag Miele Neff New World Norcool Smeg Stoves U-Line Whirlpool Zanussi Dishwashers AEG Atag Baumatic Belling Bosch Candy De Dietrich Directory Fagor Fisher & Paykel Gaggenau Hotpoint Küppersbusch Maytag Miele Neff New World Whirlpool Zanussi Extractor fans Vectaire Vent-Axia Xpelair Floor finishes Armstrong Dennis Ruabon Domus Ecotile Forbo-Nairn Freudenberg Harvey Maria Jaymart Johnson Kirkstone Marley Metex Platt, D Pilkington Quiligotti THG International vinyl quarry tile ceramic vinyl lino rubber stud vinyl rubber stud ceramic slate, limestone vinyl aluminium, SS quarry tile ceramic terrazzo aluminium, SS 203 204 Architect’s Pocket Book of Kitchen Design Welsh Slate Wicanders Wincilate World’s End slate vinyl-cork slate ceramic, stone Freezers, see Cooling appliances Heaters, electric Dimplex Enerfoil Myson Warmup Zip Light fittings Concord Marlin Firstlight Genesis Hettich JCC Lighting John Cullen Light Graphix Mr Resistor Microwave ovens AEG Atag Baumatic Bosch Candy Creda De Dietrich Fagor kickspace, etc. underfloor kickspace underfloor boiling and chilled water Directory Gaggenau Hotpoint Miele Neff Panasonic Smeg Whirlpool Zanussi Mini-kitchens (kitchenettes) Anson Space Savers Steelplan Strand Plastic laminates Deralam Egger Formica Polyrey Spa Laminates Sylmar Range cookers AEG Aga-Rayburn Atag Baumatic Belling Bosch De Dietrich Maytag New World Smeg Stoves 205 206 Architect’s Pocket Book of Kitchen Design Refrigerators, see Cooling appliances Refuse compactors Hardall In-Sink-Erator Sealants British Nova HG Hagesan Ronseal Sinks Armitage Astracast BGL Rieber Blanco Brass & Traditional Carron Czech & Speake Fordham Franke GEC Anderson Ideal Standard Pland Schock Sissons Villeroy & Boch Sink mixers Armitage Astracast Blanco Dornbracht Hangrohe Directory Ideal-Standard Pegler Polished Metal Vola Zip Towel radiators Bisque Myson Zehnder TV, CD and radio Häfele Kitchenvision Wall tiles Domus Johnson Pilkington Waste bins Häfele Isaac Lord Woodfit Waste disposers Anaheim In-Sink-Erator Max Appliances Tweeny Water softeners Eco Water Salamander 207 208 Architect’s Pocket Book of Kitchen Design Worktops Avonite Casdron Cast Advanced Corian Countertops Deralam Eco Impact Egger Formica GEC Anderson Granit-Ops Junckers Kirkstone MG Olympic Pland Schock Second Nature Staron Steelplan Sylmar Woodentops Wine coolers Baumatic Corner Fridge Frigidaire U-Line solid surface stone repairs concrete solid surface plastic laminate plastic laminate bamboo plastic laminate plastic laminate stainless steel granite hardwood slate, limestone stainless steel stainless steel solid surface hardwood solid surface stainless steel solid surface hardwood Bibliography Activities and Spaces: Dimensional Data for Housing Design Noble, J.

Who Owns England?: How We Lost Our Green and Pleasant Land, and How to Take It Back
by Guy Shrubsole
Published 1 May 2019

Initially created as a body covering the whole of Britain, the Commission came to acquire the bulk of its lands in the Scottish Highlands and the mountains of Snowdonia and the Elenydd, with England getting off lightly. In Wales, Forestry Commission plantations came to be resented as an army of occupation. Thousands of acres of once-open hillsides were bought up by the FC and planted with conifers, displacing sheep farmers and in some cases swamping whole settlements. In the hills around Machynlleth in north Wales, where I lived for a few years, I often came across the empty shells of shepherds’ cottages and former mining huts lying in the middle of huge forests, enveloped in the silent gloom and half-buried by pine needles. The Commission’s activities came to symbolise a form of resource colonialism, which – alongside the instances of drowned Welsh valleys converted into reservoirs to supply English cities – spurred the resurgent Welsh nationalism of the 1960s.

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Rider 165, 172 Haldane, Richard 32 Halifax, Charles Wood, 1st Viscount 8 Halvergate Marshes, Norfolk 258, 259 Ham Hill, Somerset 59 Hamilton Palace, Uckfield 134–6 Hamnett, Chris 69, 71, 112 Hampton Court 62 Hansard 142 Hardin, Garrett 216 Harding, Luke 125 Hardstoft, Derbyshire 91 The Hares 81 Harewood, Edwin Lascelles, 1st Baron 78 Harewood, Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl 78 Harewood House, Yorkshire 78 Harlow, Essex 230 Harmondsworth 191 Harrison, Brian 102 Harrowby, John Ryder, 5th Earl 99 Harrying of the North (1069-70) 77 Harvey, David 105 Harworth Estates 180 Hatfield House, Hertfordshire 103 Hattersley, Roy 250 Healey, Denis 102, 104, 105, 124 Healey, John 231 Heathrow 191 Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire 96 Henry II 50 Henry IV (Henry Bolingbroke) 56 Henry VIII 64–5, 83, 93 Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (HMRC) 38–9 Herodsfoot, Cornwall 59 Heronsgate 221 Heseltine, Michael 205, 257 Highclere Castle 9–10 Highgrove Farm, Gloucestershire 59 Highland Clearances 209 Highland Land League 223 Highland Spring 121 Highways Act (1980) 18, 39 Highways Agency 10, 298 Hill, Octavia 215, 232, 238, 240, 243 Hilton, Steve 132 Hindle, Jim 8 Hinduja Brothers 147 Hirst, Damian 132 Historic Houses Association 104 Historic Royal Palaces 62 HMRC see Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs Hodge, Margaret 129 Holderness 53 Holiday Inn, Reading 60 Hollingsworth, Mark 126 Holnicote, Somerset 242 Home Builders Federation 198 Hoo marshes 255 Hoogstraten, Nicholas van 134–6 horse-racing 10–11 horsebreeders 122–3 Horton, Fiona Catherine 248n Houghton Hall, Norfolk 46 House of Lords 29, 48–9, 66, 82, 89, 90, 99, 103–4, 106, 117, 142, 174, 280 housing 2, 3; empty properties 109–12, 276; fixing crisis in 275–7; and land reform 232, 232–4; proposals for 9 Housing Acts 228 Housing White Paper (2017) 42 Howard de Walden, Mary Hazel Caridwen Czernin, 10th Baroness 94 Howard, Greville, Baron Howard of Rising 46 Hudsun Trustees 118 Hunt, Jeremy 132 Hunter, Robert 238 Hussey family 89 ICI 166, 167 Iliffe, Edward, 1st Baron 16, 18, 117 ‘I’m a Rambler’ (folk song) 250 Imber, Wiltshire 158–9, 162, 170 IMF see International Monetary Fund INEOS 91, 130, 134 Insite Development Ltd (Guernsey) 123, 303 Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) 276, 308 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 125 International Union for the Conservation of Nature 250 IPPR see Institute for Public Policy Research Ireland 223 Ireton, General Henry 220 Isle of Eigg 287 Isle of Harris 117 Isle of Lewis 117 Isle of Man 126, 184, 186 Iveagh Bequest 119 Iveagh, Edward Guinness, 1st Earl 118n–19 Iveagh, Edward Guinness, 4th Earl 215 James, Alex 132 James I 82 Javid, Sajid 198, 199 JCDecaux 193 Jenkins, Simon 94 Jersey CI 46, 103, 119, 122 John, King 50 Johnson, Boris 133, 276 Juddmonte Farms stud, Newmarket 123 Kazakhstan 110 Kennet valley 11 Kent 80, 218–19 Kew Palace & Gardens 62, 173 Keynes, John Maynard 92 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 128 Kielder Forest, Northumberland 149, 175 Kielder Water, Northumberland 175 Killerton, Devon 242 Kinder Scout 250, 251, 252 Kindersley, Juliet 12 Kindersley, Peter 12 King, Miles 168, 281 King’s College London 69 Kingsthorpe Field, Northamptonshire 258 Kirby House Estate, Berkshire 118n Knepp Estate, Sussex 260, 280 Knight Frank estate agents 212 Knightley, Phillip 115 Knole Castle, Kent 80, 242 Knowsley Safari Park 101 Kulibayev, Timur 110–11, 134 Labour Party 31, 35, 42–3, 95, 100, 101–2, 104 and note, 105, 106, 177, 178, 227, 229–30, 242–3, 251 Lake District 238, 239, 244–7, 248, 250 Lamb, Robert 255 Lambourn 11 Lambourn Downs 8 Lambton, Lucinda 282 Lammy, David 42 Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke 56 land banking 197–203, 274 Land Compensation Act (1961) 230, 231 Land Enclosure Acts 78 The Land Is Ours group 119 Land Justice Network 307 land ownership: benefits 1–2; companies 299–305; concentration and possession of 21–2; Crown, Church, conservation charities 297–8; dukes 307–8; effect on housing, food and nature 2; investigations into 3–5, 18–22, 263; public discussion on 25; questions concerning 2–3; scale of inequality in 268–9; secrecy concerning 1, 23–5, 34–6, 40–1, 129, 283–4; summary figures 264–7, 298, 299, 300–305, 306–7; surveys 25–33, 40; unequal ownership as a problem 269–71 Land Reform Act (suggested) 272 land reform agenda: abolish last vestiges of feudalism 281–3; complete opening up access to England’s green and pleasant land 288; curb ways that corporate capitalism use to avoid tax 283–4; end secrecy around land ownership 273–4; fix farming system 278; fix housing crisis 275–7; give people stake in country and control of local land 286–8; instigate new land ethic 289; proposals 271–3, 290; restore nature’s abundance 279–81; stop fire sale of public sector land and property 284–6 Land Registration Acts 34, 262 Land Registry 1, 4, 28–9, 32, 33–4, 37, 38, 40, 41–3, 56, 57, 58, 61–2, 63, 66, 87, 141, 181, 187, 188–9, 192, 193, 198, 200–1, 264, 265–7, 273–4; INSPIRE maps 199 land value 2, 272 land value capture 231 land value tax 31–2, 229, 277 Land Workers Alliance 307 landfill sites 193–7 Langford 158 Lascelles family 78 Launceston, Cornwall 59 Law Commission 262 Lawson, Nigel 105 Laxton Estate, Nottinghamshire 54 Le Grand Veneur, Hugh 75 League Against Cruel Sports 249 Lebedev, Evgeny 125 Lee, Jennie, Baroness Lee of Asheridge 104, 228 Lees, Andrew 258 Lees-Milne, James 242 Legal & General 199 Leigh, David 124 Leopold, Aldo 246, 289 Letwin, Sir Oliver 201–2 the Levellers 220 Lever, William, 1st Viscount Leverhulme 117 Liberal Party 2, 24, 30–2, 98–9, 118, 227 Liburn Estate, Northumberland 131 Lincolnshire 53, 130 Linebaugh, Peter 50 Lingiari, Vincent 116 Litvinenko, Alexander 128 Liverpool 78, 115, 183, 184 Liverpool John Lennon Airport 186 Lloyd George, David 2, 31–2, 32, 98–9, 100, 116, 155, 229 ‘Lloyd George’s Domesday’ 31–2 Lloyd, Toby 231–2 Local Government Board 8 Local Plans 202 Localism Act (2011) 287 Locke, John 23–4 Lodge Hill, Kent 171 London 78, 92–5, 114, 133, 268, 270; Angel Centre, Islington 70; Athlone House, Hampstead Heath 126; Banqueting Hall 62; Beechwood House, Hampstead Heath 126; Belgrave Square 100; Bishop’s Avenue, Hampstead 69, 124; Boundary Estate, Bethnal Green 227; Buckingham Palace 55, 61; Cabinet War Rooms 140, 141; Cadogan Estate 94; Canary Wharf 192; Cartwright Estate, Tottenham Court Road 70; Chester Square 127; Clapham Common 215; Clermont Club, Berkeley Square 120; De Beauvoir Town, Hackney 19; Grenfell Tower 94, 111–12; Grosvenor Estate 92–3, 109–11; Guinness Estate, Brixton 119; Hampstead Heath 214; Howard de Walden Estate 93–4; Kennington Common 221; Kennington housing estates 60; Kensington & Chelsea 111–12, 121; Kensington Palace 62; Kensington Palace Gardens 127, 134; Kenwood House, Hampstead 119; Kingsway Tunnels, Holborn 137–9, 140, 141–4; Lambeth Palace 69; Lancaster House 57; Mayfair & Belgravia 93, 109–11, 122, 125, 126, 128, 134, 270; New Era estate, Hoxton 19; Octavia Hill Estates 71; Oval Cricket Ground 60; Paddington estates 69; Palace of Westminster 62–4; Paternoster Square 70; Portman Estate 93; Pure Genius eco-village, Wandsworth 119; Q-Whitehall tunnel 140–3; Red Cross Gardens, Southwark 238; Regent Street & Regent’s Park 53; royal parks 62; St Paul’s Cathedral 70; Savoy Chapel 55–6, 57; Tower of London 62; Whitehall 144–7; Witanhurst, Hampstead Heath 126 London County Councill (LCC) 227 London Stock Exchange 70 Longleat, Wiltshire 101 Longton Freehold Land Society 222 lost villages 156–9, 162, 170 Lothian, Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess 241, 242 Lulworth Ranges, Dorset 157–8 Luxembourg 131, 147 M11 8 McEwen, John 18 Machynlleth, north Wales 175 McKay, George 14 McLynn, Frank 221 Macmillan, Harold 102, 182, 230 Macquarie 181 Maddison, Ronald 166 MAFF see Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Magna Carta (1215) 47, 50 Mainland Nominees Ltd 103 Mais, S.P.B. 251 Major, John 25, 180, 187, 206 Manchester 183, 250 Manchester Ship Canal 183, 184 Manchester University 148 Mandelson, Peter 106 Manor of Inglescombe (nr Bath) 59 ‘Mansion Tax’ 104n Marlborough, Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke 84 Marlston Estate, Berkshire 118n Marr Estate, Northumberland 175 Marren, Peter 255 Marten, Lieutenant-Commander Toby 160–1 Martins, Susanna Wade 225 Marx, Karl 25, 133 Massey, Doreen 1, 86, 179 Massingham, Harold 164 Maude, Francis 146 May, Theresa 42, 207, 276 MediaCityUK, Salford 183 Merchant Ivory Productions 105 Mereworth castle, Kent 121 Mexborough, John Savile, 8th Earl 248n Middle Eastern magnates 119–24 Mill, John Stuart 25, 215 Millennium Trust 11 Miller, General Euan 157 Miller, Robert 131 Milne, Seumas 122 Milton Keynes 230 Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) 34–5, 156 Ministry of Defence (MoD) 13–15, 24, 248 and note, 275, 298; Crichel Down precedent 160–3; disposal of land 170; ecological sites 169–70; effect of First World War 154–5; inter-war acquisitions 155–6; land contamination 167–9; land ownership maps 147–9; Porton Down 163–8; post-war lost villages 156–9; Project Cleansweep (2007) 169; visit to Foulness 149–54 Ministry of Health and Housing 228 Ministry of Justice 181 Ministry of Supply 167 Minsmere, Suffolk 255 Mitchell, Andrew 129 Mjor, John 95 Molesworth 14 Molior 202 Monbiot, George 9, 90, 242, 246 Montagu, Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron 104 Montagu, John Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 2nd Baron 174 Montague, Brendan 91 Monty Python and the Holy Grail (film, 1975) 79 Moorland Association 96, 97 More, Sir Thomas, Utopia 214 Moss, Kate 132 Mossack Fonseca 189 Mount, Harry 71 Moy Park Ltd 192, 203 MRH Minerals 187 Mugabe, Robert 135 Murdoch, Rupert 132 Nancekuke, Cornwall 166, 167 Napoleon Bonaparte 27, 28 Napoleonic Wars 27 National Archives 32, 33, 34, 87, 151, 157 National Audit Office 57 National Crime Agency (NCA) 127 National Farm Survey (1941) 26, 33 National Farmers’ Union (NFU) 13, 260, 270 National Freehold Land Society 222 National Geographic 59 National Health Service (NHS) 100, 177, 182, 228 National Housing Service 228 National Land Fund 243 National Nature Reserves (NNRs) 178, 255–6 National Park Authorities (NPAs) 248–52, 280 National Parks 280–1, 291 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act (1949) 251 National Pinetum, Kent 173 National Trust 101, 170, 173, 178, 235, 248n, 254, 262, 265, 289; acquisitions 239–43; founding of 237–9; and the Lake District 244–7, 250; land law deployed by 239; land ownership 298; tax relief and the aristocracy 240–3 National Trust Acts (1907 & 1937) 239 Natural England 21, 40 Natural Resources Wales 176 Nature Conservancy 255, 258, 259 nature reserves 10, 253–6, 271 Navalny, Alexei 125 NCA see National Crime Agency NEF see New Economic Foundation; New Economics Foundation neonicotinoids 12, 13 Network Rail 180, 298 New Economics Foundation (NEF) 182, 276, 285, 308 New Forest, Hampshire 49, 130, 174, 215 New Labour 106, 180, 251–2 New Liberalism 31 new money 266; acceptance of farm subsidies 132, 135; buccaneering businessmen 114–15, 129–32; definition of 112; Edwardian plutocrats 114, 115–19; emergence of 113–14; empty property investments 109–12, 132; Middle Eastern 119–24; moral aspects 134–6; outward appearance of aristocracy 134–5; Russian Oligarchs 114, 125–9; security issues 133–4; tax avoidance and offshore companies 129–32 New Scientist 169 New Statesman 143 New Yorker 126 Newbury, Berkshire 7–8, 14 Newbury bypass 8–10, 15, 17 Newbury Racecourse 10–11 Newcastle upon Tyne 70 Newmarket, Berkshire 122, 123 NFU see National Farmers’ Union NGOs see non-governmental organisations Nicholson, I.F. 162 NNRs see National Nature Reserves non-governmental organisations (NGOs) 35–6, 129, 201, 257 Norfolk Broads 248 Norfolk, Dukes of 76, 82 Norman Conquest 9, 26, 48, 49, 75, 77, 211 North York Moors 51, 248 and note, 268 Northampton, Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess 102 Northern Ireland 265 Northfield Inquiry into the Acquisition and Occupancy of Agricultural Land (1979) 35 Northrop, W.B. 92 Northumberland, Henry Percy, 9th Duke 174–5 Northumberland National Park 248 Northumberland, Ralph Percy, 12th Duke 76, 90, 106, 215, 248, 254 NPAs see National Park Authorities nuclear weapons 13–15 O’Brien, Neil 231 Observer 121, 162 Occupy movement (2011) 70 O’Connor, Feargus 220–1 Office for National Statistics (ONS) 2, 231 offshore holdings/tax havens 37–8, 109, 119, 121–2, 123, 126, 129–32, 284 Onslow, William, 4th Earl 99 Onward 200, 276 OPEC 119 Open Data Institute 42 Open Data movement 41 Ordnance Survey 27, 31, 40, 42, 43, 148 Orford Ness 170 Ormskirk Estate, Lancashire 72 Osborne, George 41, 54, 130, 181 O’Shea, Dr Francis 197 Ostrom, Elinor 216 Otmoor 9 Otterburn, Northumberland 149, 157, 175 Owen, Wilfred 164 Packham, Chris 170 Padulli, Count 37 Paine, Thomas 107 Panama 38 Parliament 62–4 Parliament Act (1911) 99 Paterson, Owen 107 Peak District 96, 250 Peasants’ Revolt (1381) 26, 51–2, 56, 219 Peel Holdings 183–7, 188, 190, 203, 301 Pen Wood, Berkshire 17 People Need Nature 261 People’s Budget (1909) 31, 98–9 People’s Charter (1838) 220 Percy, William de 76 Perkins, Dr Chris 148 Perren, Dr E.A. 167 Perrott, Roy, The Aristocrats 85–6 Perry, Richard 254 Persimmon Homes Ltd 131, 248, 303 Persons of Significant Control 37 Persson, Stefan 18, 131 pesticides 11–13, 166–7, 169, 249, 256, 260, 279 Petroleum Act (1934) 91 Pettit, Ann 14 PFI see Private Finance Initiative Phibbs, John 89 Philip, Prince 45 PhosAgro 126 Pidd, Helen 110 Piecemaster of Atherstone Common 216 Poll Tax (1381) 51–2, 56 Pomerantsev, Peter 128 Poor Law 29 Poore, Major Robert 165 POPS see Privately Owned Public Spaces Porchester, Lord 10 Portman, Christopher, 10th Viscount 93 Portman, Sir William 93 Porton Down, Wiltshire 163–8 Post Office Works Act (1959) 141 Potter, Beatrix 245 Poundbury, Dorchester 59–60 Powell-Smith, Anna 4, 38, 43, 111, 188, 189, 200, 263 Pratchett, Terry, Discworld series 115 Pretyman, Ernest 154 Private Eye 38, 66, 187, 188, 212 Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 180 Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) 192 Profitable Plots Ltd 198–9 Profumo, John 101, 118 property-owning democracy: allotments and smallholdings 223–7; and the Chartists 220–2; common land 213–17; council acquisition of land 229–31; council housing 227; data on 207–9; death of the dream 233–4; influence of the Diggers 210–13; Kentish custom of gavelkind 218–19; post-war reconstruction 228–9; Thatcher’s vision for 205–7 Protect and Survive (public information series) 143 Prudential 59 Public Accounts Committee 283 Public and Commercial Services (PCS) trade union 42 public institutions see Forestry Commission; Ministry of Defence public sector/state property 35, 36–7, 43; acquisitions 177–8, 276; London above ground 144–6; London defensive tunnel systems 137–44; prevention of fire sales 284–6; sales of 146–7, 178–82 Punch magazine 245 Putin, Vladimir 114, 128 Putney Debates (1647) 220 Pye, Michael 34 Qatari Investment Authority 192 QinetiQ 150 Queen Mary University 195 Raby, Baron 97 Racine Trust 11 Railtrack 180 railways 180–1, 275; Crossrail 181; HS2 181; King’s Cross Central 180 Ramblers 251 Ramsbury Estate, Wiltshire/West Berkshire 131 Ratcliffe, Jim 130, 133–4 Rathbone Trust Company Ltd 102, 118, 301 Rawnsley, Harwicke 238, 245 Reagan, Ronald 13–14 Rebanks, James, The Shepherd’s Life 247 Reform Acts (1867, 1885, 1918) 222 Republic campaign group 57 Restormel, Cornwall 59 Return of Owners of Land (1873) 26, 29–30, 31, 34, 41, 46, 65, 79, 84 Rewilding Britain 247 Ricardo, David 25 Rich, Colonel Nathaniel 220 Richard II 56 Richmond, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke 249 Ridley, Matthew, 5th Viscount 90, 91 Right to Roam 17, 24, 106, 288 The Rime of King William (1087) 49–50 Riseley, Bedfordshire 168 road systems 8–10, 15 The Rock (film, 1996) 166 Romney Marsh 53 Ross, David 131, 248n Rotenberg, Roman 126 Rothman, Benny 250 Rothschild, Charles 253–4, 281 Royal Commission on Coast Erosion and Afforestation (1909) 172 Royal Commission on the Distribution of Income and Wealth (1974) 35 Royal Household Property Section 61–2 Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors 200 Royal Mail 181 royal residences and parks 61–2 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 255, 257, 265, 285, 298 Royal Victorian Order 55 Royals Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 96 RSPB see Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Royals Society for the Protection of Birds Rufus, Alan 77 Ruskin, John 238, 245 Russia, Russians 125–9 Rutland, David Manners, 11th Duke 88 Sackville, Edward Sackville-West, 5th Baron 242 Sackville-West, Vita 80 Safran Holdings Ltd 126 Said, Wafic 124 St George’s Hill, Surrey 131, 209–13, 215 Salisbury 128, 163, 167 Salisbury Plain 149, 158, 169 Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess 20 Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 6th Marquess 103 Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess 129, 215 Samos Investments 103 Samos Investments Ltd 103 Sanctuary 170 Sanders, Adrian 66 Sandford Principle (1974) 252–3 Sandringham Estate, Norfolk 21, 39, 45–7, 51, 60, 298 Sargent, John Singer 115 Saudi Arabia 123–4, 133 Savills Estate Agents 67 Schwarzenbach, Urs 131 Scotland 4, 5, 17, 18, 114, 118n, 121, 171, 175, 217, 265, 287 Scotney Castle, Kent 89 Scottish Community Right to Buy 288 Scottish Land Commission 273 Scottish Land Reform Act (2003) 208 Scout Movement 251 Second World War 101, 137, 140, 155, 157, 168, 177–8, 228, 230, 236, 253 Secret Map of Britain (documentary, 2002) 148 Secrett, Charles 258–9 Section 106 agreements 230 Senny Bridge, Brecon 156 Serious Fraud Office 124 Serrano, Rafael 147 A Shade Greener 190 Shakespeare, William, King Lear 217–18 Shared Assets 307 Shaxson, Nicholas 103 Sheepdrove 12 Shelter 42, 201, 231, 276, 307 Shipbourne, Kent 123 Shoard, Marion 17, 251, 252, 261, 279 Shoreline Management Plan (Essex) 153 Short, Brian 32 Shrewsbury, Earls of 100 Shuvalov, Igor 129 Singapore 198–9 Single Area Payment 11 Sipson 191 Sissinghurst Castle, Kent 81 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) 8, 169, 256–9, 261, 271, 281, 285 Skelton, Noel 206 Skinner, Dennis 176 Skripal, Sergei 128, 163, 166 Sky Limited 132 Smallholdings Acts (1892 & 1908) 225 SMECH Properties Ltd 121 Smith, Adam 25, 92 Smith, Chris 252 Smith, Graham 57 Snelsmore Common, Berkshire 17 Snelsmore reserve, Berkshire 8 Snow, Dan 87, 114 Snow, Peter 87, 90, 114 Soames, Nicholas 39 Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves (SPNR) 254 Somerset Levels 258 South Downs 248, 249 Sovereign Grant 54–5, 57, 60, 283 Spaunton Estate 248n Spectator 35, 97, 161 The Spectator 212 Spelman, Caroline 177 Spencer, Kate 195, 196, 197 SPNR see Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves SSSIs see Sites of Special Scientific Interest Stanford Training Area, Norfolk 149, 157, 158, 159 State of Nature reports 249, 261 state ownership see public sector/state property Stevenage 230 Stewart, Rory 247 Stoke Climsland, Cornwall 59 Stoker, Bram 92 Stolton, Frank 166 Stone, Jean 83 Stone, Lawrence 83 Stowell Park Estate, Gloucestershire 116 Straw, Jack 185 Strickland Estate 248n Sturston 158 Sturt, Mary Anna 160–1, 163 Sulhamstead Estate, Berkshire 118n Sun newspaper 132 Sunday Times 34; Rich List 75, 93, 113, 129–30 Sustrans 179 Sutherland, George Sutherland Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke 222 Sutton Estate, Berkshire 9, 12 Sutton Place, Surrey 127 Sutton, Sir Richard 9, 18 Swanscombe, Kent 218 Syros Investments Ltd 103 Tarrant, Walter George 212 Tata Steel UK Ltd 187, 301 tax: and the aristocracy 98–106, 107–8, 241; avoidance 116–17, 129–32, 188, 274, 282; death duties 84, 98, 100, 114, 119, 174, 240, 241; exemptions 38–9, 219, 282; hand-outs to owners of grouse moors 279; land value 31–2, 229, 277; and the National Trust 240–1; suggested changes 274, 277, 279, 282, 290 Tax Justice Network 38 Tayberry Ltd 121–2 Taylor, A.J.P. 116 Taylor Wimpey UK Ltd 187, 200–1, 301 Tenant Farmers Association 226 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord 88 Tesco Stores Ltd 187, 191, 203, 302 Thames Basin heaths 169 Thatcher, Margaret 8, 35, 68, 70, 105–6, 113, 114, 124, 176, 179, 180, 182, 187, 205–7, 226, 230, 233 Thetford Forest 149 Thomas, Mark 39, 148 Thompson, F.M.L. 87; English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century 84, 85 Thorney Island 62 Thornhill Manor, Wirral 117 Thorold, Peter 94 Thorpe Report (1969) 224 Three Acres and a Cow (travelling show) 251, 307 Thurlow Estate, Suffolk 116 Thurrock Council 196–7 Tilbury 195 Tilbury Contracting and Dredging Company Ltd 196 Tilshead Estate, Wiltshire 159 The Times 30, 90, 230, 239, 258 Tintagel 59 Tithe Commission 27–8 Tithe Commutation Act (1836) 27 Tithe Maps 26 Toon, Donald 127 Tottington 158 Town and Country Planning Acts (1947 & 1959) 229, 230, 261, 278 Trafford Centre 183, 184, 185 Transfer of Woods Act (1924) 174 Transparency International 38, 129 Transport for London (Tfl) 180 Tree, Isabella 260 Trematon, Cornwall 59 trespass 34–5, 90–1, 210, 213, 238, 250–1, 252, 263; aggravated 25; joke concerning 79; laws 1, 15, 24–5, 250, 271 Trevelyan, Sir Charles 242 Trevelyan, George Macaulay 173, 242 Truss, Liz 231 trusts 38, 102, 108, 116–17, 265, 266, 273, 282 Turner, Michael 85 Tusmore Park, Oxfordshire 124 Two Tree Island, Thames Estuary 196 Twyford Down 8 Tyler, Wat 219 Tyneham Action Group 159 Tyneham, Dorset 157–8, 159, 162, 275 UAE see United Arab Emirates UK Coal 180 UK National Ecosystem Assessment 208 UK Overseas Territories 38 UKIP 118 Ulva 217 Underwood, Austin 159 UNESCO 184 Unexplained Wealth Orders (UWOs) 129 Unilever 117 United Arab Emirates (UAE) 121 United Utilities 180 University College London (UCL) 78 Upper Teesdale 97 US Air Force 13–15 US Army 100–1 Usmanov, Alisher 126, 127 Uthwatt Report (1941) 229 UWOs see Unexplained Wealth Orders Valuation Maps (1910-15) 26 Valuation Office 32, 43 Varroa mite 12 Veolia 194 Verderers 216 Verney, Sir Ralph 258 Vestey, Edmund 115, 116–17, 129 Vestey Food Group 116 Vestey, Samuel, 3rd Baron 116 Vestey, William, 1st Baron 115–17, 129 Victoria & Albert Museum (V&A) 104 Victoria, Queen 46, 51, 53, 83, 84, 97, 279 Vote Leave campaign 118 Wainwright, Oliver 184 Waitrose distribution centre, Milton Keynes 60 Wales 4, 5, 17, 30, 40, 43, 80, 84, 171, 175, 200, 203, 252, 264, 265, 288 Wallace Estates 37, 189–90 Wallace Partnership Group Ltd 37 Wallace, William, Lord Wallace of Saltaire 81 Wallington estate, Northumberland 242 Walshaw Moor Estate, West Yorkshire 96, 304 Walshaw Moor (nr Hebden Bridge) 20–1 War Agricultural Committees 33, 156 War Ministry 33 War Office 156, 157, 158, 158–9, 164 Warcop 169 Ward, Colin 224 Wardroper, Catherine Mary 248n Warwick, Hugh 260 Wauth, Evelyn 101 Welby, Justin, Archbishop of Canterbury 68 West Berkshire Council 18 West Tofts 158 Westminster, Dukes of 99–100; see also Grosvenor family Westminster, Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke 75, 81, 95, 106 Westminster, Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke 118, 240 Westminster, Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke 81, 93, 97, 270 White Cliffs of Dover 235–7 Whittaker, John 184, 186 Who Owns Scotland 308 Whose Britain Is It Anyway?

Critical: Science and Stories From the Brink of Human Life
by Matt Morgan
Published 29 May 2019

Admitting to yourself that uncertainty cannot be eliminated takes guts. ‘I don’t know’ is the most honest, and paradoxically wise, summary that I can offer. Two years after I met Gwen and her family, I finally had the answer to her husband’s question. My family and I had travelled to the ancient capital of Wales, now a market town called Machynlleth. Just a short drive from where Gwen lived, it was a perfect location to get away from busy clinical shifts and to spend time with our family’s new puppy. More importantly, it allowed me to visit Gwen’s family in their own home. Were I able to go back in time and answer Gwen’s husband’s question, it would be much easier.

Green Economics: An Introduction to Theory, Policy and Practice
by Molly Scott Cato
Published 16 Dec 2008

The first step in addressing this is for government at national and local level to recognize the value of ecovillages as social and technological pioneers and as catalysts for regeneration.20 LAND AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 195 Dawson emphasizes the regeneration potential of this form of community development; this is particularly important since many of those who live in ecovillages exist within an alternative cultural paradigm.21 In terms of individual dwellings, the broadly defined ‘green movement’ has made considerable contributions to social and technical innovation. In the UK, sustainable construction has largely taken place outside the construction industry, based on the work of committed self-builders working with organizations such as the Centre for Alternative Technology, itself an intentional community based in Machynlleth, Mid Wales. There is evidence of market failure in this sector, with demand outstripping supply and consumers being better informed and more sympathetic to sustainable building than construction ‘experts’. The research makes clear that the initiators of low-energy housing development in the UK have been registered social landlords, self-builders and local authorities, with the private sector accounting for only 6 per cent of such developments.22 The explanation is that the strong values and uniting ideology of the green movement have provided support for sustainable construction developments.

Empire of Guns
by Priya Satia
Published 10 Apr 2018

Hadley’s men threw gunstocks at Bird—the only way guns figured in the whole ugly saga. During the wildly destructive Priestley Riots of 1791, arson and stone throwing were the favored tactics. The rioters wielded crowbars and rails to tear buildings down. I have found but two instances in which rioters used guns before 1795: in Machynlleth, around 1739, one participant in a stone-flinging mob fired a pistol to force the Welsh Methodist Howell Harris to cease preaching in the street, and in Birmingham in 1789, Quaker homes that remained aloof from the illuminations celebrating the king’s recovery from illness were shot at. These are exceptions.

…

The king sent troops to relieve the town. Watt traveled to the next Lunar Society meeting with loaded pistols in coat pockets. P. Jones, Industrial Enlightenment, 201. Birmingham’s riots of 1715 and 1751 also focused on destruction of houses of worship. Showell, Dictionary of Birmingham, 271–72. in Machynlleth around 1739: Guldi, Roads to Power, 162. in Birmingham in 1789: Aris’s Birmingham Gazette, March [?], 1789, 3. One instance of an armed crowd firing on authorities appears in Gilmour, Riot, Risings and Revolution, 135–232. A weaver shot a soldier raiding the Dolphin Ale-House in London in 1769, but this was not part of a riot.

The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths
by Mariana Mazzucato
Published 1 Jan 2011

‘Venture Capital: Now and after the Dotcom Crash’. NESTA research report, July 2010. Available online at http://www.nesta.org.uk/library/documents/Venture_Capital.pdf (accessed 25 January 2013). PIRC (Public Interest Research Centre). 2011. The Green Investment Gap: An Audit of Green Investment in the UK. Machynlleth: Public Interest Research Centre, March. Pisano, G. P. 2006. ‘Can Science be a Business? Lessons from Biotech’. Harvard Business Review 84, no. 10: 114–25. Polanyi, K. 2001 [1944]. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston: Beacon. Politi, J. 2012. ‘The Future of Development Banks’.

Last Trains: Dr Beeching and the Death of Rural England
by Charles Loft
Published 27 Mar 2013

The outcome fell short of her ambition, due to the familiar shortcomings of state machinery – or the unrealistic nature of the aim, if you prefer. Castle had hoped to apply cost–benefit analysis to every unremunerative line, but this proved impossible, not least because the BRB could not produce the data required. A test-case analysis of Machynlleth–Pwllheli produced in 1969 took two years to complete and recommended closure, although there was a great deal of argument over its findings and the line remains open. An attempt to analyse rail services using a computerised survey announced in March 1970 proved so complex that it was abandoned two years later when officials realised the survey would be out of date by the time it was completed.

Moneyland: Why Thieves and Crooks Now Rule the World and How to Take It Back
by Oliver Bullough
Published 5 Sep 2018

London isn’t technically even the capital of England; that is Westminster, a different city just upriver, which has merged with London physically but not philosophically. Westminster obsesses over the minutiae of British life, but London has always had its own politics, dominated by the great finance houses, more interested in Manhattan or Mumbai than in Machynlleth or Maidenhead. It was London companies that first conquered India, and Africa, and North America, not the British state. They funded the railways and the steamships which bound the continents together, and insured the cargoes that travelled on them. And if, under Bretton Woods, the City wasn’t allowed to finance trade, to hustle, to compete for business wherever it wanted – as it wasn’t post-Second World War – then what really was the point of it?

Meat: A Benign Extravagance
by Simon Fairlie
Published 14 Jun 2010

TABLE H: LOW MEAT & BIOENERGY Including extra veg, textiles, tractor power and timber • 10 million hectares arable • 3 million hectares of pasture • 7 million hectares of woodland • 2.2 million spare hectares Population 60.6 million. Total agriculture and forestry land 22.205 million ha. • One hectare of arable, plus 0.3 hectares of pasture supplies 6.6 people Minimal Livestock/Bioenergy After the foregoing projections were published in The Land magazine in 2008, the Centre for Alternative Energy (CAT) at Machynlleth published a first draft of Zero Carbon Britain, an alternative energy strategy for the country, in which they offer a projection for a relocalized rural economy with more emphasis on biofuel crops and greatly reduced numbers of livestock. According to the report’s main author, Peter Harper, this was a first stab at constructing a model, and contains some inconsistencies, but I believe it begins to paint a picture of what a fairly localized biofuel economy might look like.

State of Emergency: The Way We Were
by Dominic Sandbrook
Published 29 Sep 2010

And when Nation’s survivors were shown painstakingly learning crafts from scratch and building up a body of knowledge to pass on to the next generation, they were following all the principles of Seymour’s manifesto, Self-Sufficiency. No doubt they would have benefited from a trip to the Centre for Alternative Technology, which had been founded in a disused slate quarry outside Machynlleth two years previously, opened its doors to the public in 1975 and soon became Europe’s most successful eco-centre. And if only they had had a subscription to the magazine Practical Self-Sufficiency, founded in the same year, then they might have picked up all sorts of useful tips. ‘The country faces grave economic difficulties and the likelihood of severe shortages,’ an editorial in the first issue began ominously.

Europe: A History
by Norman Davies
Published 1 Jan 1996

In 1400–14, at the height of the French Wars, they staged a promising rebellion with links to the King’s other enemies in Northumbria, Ireland, Scotland, and France. Under Owain ap Gruffydd, Lord of Glyndyvrdwy (c.1359–1416), who was known to the English as ‘Owen Glendower’, they revived the vision of a liberated Wales, and briefly reconstituted an independent principality. In 1404–5 a sovereign Welsh parliament was summoned to Machynlleth. Within a decade, however, the enterprise was crumbling. Its fate was sealed by the English victory at Agincourt. After that, the royal castles in Wales were gradually recovered, and Glendower’s son was forced to submit. Henceforth, though culturally and linguistically impervious, Wales was to form an integral part of the English realm.