Mahatma Gandhi

Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India
by Shashi Tharoor
Published 1 Feb 2018

Khilafat movement launched. 1922 Non-cooperation movement called off by Mahatma Gandhi after Chauri Chaura violence. 1927 & 1934 Indians permitted to sit as jurors and court magistrates. 1930 Jawaharlal Nehru becomes president of the Congress party. Purna Swaraj Resolution passed in Lahore. Will Durant arrives in India and is shocked by what he discovers of British rule. Mahatma Gandhi conducts the Salt March. 1935 Government of India Act. 1937 Provincial elections in eleven provinces; Congress wins eight. 1939 World War II breaks out.

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(There is only one notable exception I can recall, in a 1935 short story, ‘The Juice of an Orange’: ‘Why is there unrest in India? Because its inhabitants eat only an occasional handful of rice. The day when Mahatma Gandhi sits down to a good juicy steak and follows it up with roly-poly pudding and a spot of Stilton, you will see the end of all this nonsense of Civil Disobedience.’) But Indians saw that the comment was meant to elicit laughter, not agreement. (Mahatma Gandhi himself was up to some humorous mischief when, in 1947, far from sitting down to steak, he dined with the king’s cousin and the last viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, and offered him a bowl of home-made goat’s curd—perhaps from the same goat he took to England when he went to see the king in a loincloth!

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It could only work against opponents vulnerable to a loss of moral authority, governments responsive to domestic and international public opinion, governments capable of being shamed into conceding defeat. The British, representing a democracy with a free press and conscious of their international image, were susceptible to such shaming. But in Mahatma Gandhi’s own day non-violence could have done nothing for the Jews of Hitler’s Germany, who disappeared into gas chambers far from the flashbulbs of a war-obsessed press. It is ironically to the credit of the British Raj that it faced an opponent like Mahatma Gandhi and allowed him to succeed. The power of non-violence rests in being able to say, ‘to show you that you are wrong, I punish myself’. But that has little effect on those who are not interested in whether they are wrong and are already seeking to punish you whether you disagree with them or not.

This Time We Went Too Far
by Norman G. Finkelstein
Published 1 Jan 2010

For Human Rights Watch’s reply, see Kenneth Roth, “Human Rights Watch Applies Same Standards to Israel, Hamas,” Haaretz (27 October 2009); see also Scott MacLeod, “Bashing Human Rights Watch,” Los Angeles Times (30 October 2009). For Kemp, see Chapter 4. 98. Mahatma Gandhi, The Essential Writings, edited and with an introduction and notes by Judith M. Brown (Oxford: 2008), p. 349. 99. “Speech at Delhi Provincial Political Conference” (2 July 1947), Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, v. 88, p. 263. Appendix 1. “Hamas Letter to Obama,” Institute for Public Accuracy (8 June 2009; www.commondreams.org/newswire/2009/06/08-2).

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The challenge now is twofold: to master, and inform the public of, the unvarnished record of what happened in Gaza; and then to mobilize the public around a settlement of the conflict that all of enlightened opinion has embraced—but that Israel and the United States, standing in virtual isolation, have rejected. It is my hope that this book will help meet this challenge and, ultimately, enable everyone, Palestinian and Israeli, to live a dignified life. 1/ SELF-DEFENSE Question: What do you feel is the most acceptable solution to the Palestine problem? Mahatma Gandhi: The abandonment wholly by the Jews of terrorism and other forms of violence. (1 June 1947)1 On 29 November 1947 the United Nations General Assembly approved a resolution dividing British-mandated Palestine into a Jewish state incorporating 56 percent of Palestine and an Arab state incorporating 44 percent of it.2 In the ensuing war the newly born State of Israel expanded its borders to incorporate nearly 80 percent of Palestine.

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The meaning of the Balfour Declaration, the validity of the Partition Plan approved in resolution 181 (II), and the moral basis of the State of Israel are still a real cause for debate,” although—the caveat is critical—“this debate does not affect Israel’s position as a State in the international community, entitled to the benefits and subject to the burdens of international law.”63 Dennis Ross, the Middle East point man in the Clinton and Obama administrations, grouses that even those moderate Arab states that are “prepared to accept Israel’s existence... deny the Zionist enterprise any moral legitimacy. For them Israel exists as a fact, not a right.”64 Yet, it might be recalled that although Mahatma Gandhi recognized the division of India as an “accomplished fact” that he was “forced to accept,” he adamantly refused to “believe in” a distinct Muslim nationalism and India’s “artificial partition”; indeed until his death he held the British partition of India to be “poison” and the notion of Pakistan to be a “sin.”65 One is hard-pressed to make out a distinction on this point between Gandhi’s stance and that of moderate Arab states—or even of Hamas, which “draws a very clear distinction between Israel’s right to exist, which it consistently denies, and the fact of its existence, and it has stated explicitly that it accepts the existence of Israel as a fait accompli,” an “existing reality,” and an “established fact.”66 It is also hard to fathom on what legal or moral principle Israel’s “Jewishness” must be recognized or why it must be recognized as a “Jewish state” when one in four Israeli citizens is not Jewish.

Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre
by Kim Wagner
Published 26 Mar 2019

The atmosphere at the meeting was in fact remarkably relaxed: the Sub-Inspector of the CID, Babu Obadullah, had been given a table next to the speaker’s platform, where he was sitting in full sight taking notes of the proceedings.88 During the course of the afternoon, several speeches were made, and patriotic poems recited, before the enthusiastic crowd, which intermittently broke out in what had by then become the familiar slogans at Amritsar: ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ and ‘Hindu-Mussalman ki jai’. It was only with great difficulty that the spectators were induced to quiet down so that the speakers could be heard.89 One poem by Pandit Kotu Mal was notable for being addressed to the higher authority of George V, or ‘King’, as well as a non-denominational ‘God’, or ‘Lord’: O King, nothing is hidden from Thee.

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At Delhi, scuffles thus broke out when Satyagraha volunteers tried to force local shops to close down and the police intervened and arrested two young men.6 As word spread that the authorities were clamping down on the protests, large crowds gathered in the area around Delhi railway station (now known as Old Delhi station), Queen’s Park (now Mahatma Gandhi Park) and Chandni Chowk. When armed police and British soldiers sought to push back the crowds, protesters started throwing stones and the troops subsequently opened fire on two occasions, killing at least eight people.7 A British officer, Brigadier-General R.E.H. Dyer, who commanded the 45th Brigade at Jullundur, 50 miles east of Amritsar, was at that time driving in a car through Delhi on a holiday with his wife and niece.

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He had seen people running about in just the same way in an earthquake. His sense of something impending was so strong that he even imagined a darkening of the sky. Someone was shouting that the shops were already closed in every quarter of the city. Then above the confused murmur he heard the cry of ‘Mahatma Gandhi-ki-jai’, and he remembered it was the hartal . . .32 In Amritsar, Melicent and Gerard continued to go about their ordinary routine, yet the pretence of normalcy became increasingly difficult to maintain: ‘We went to church but the road was guarded and the soldiers wore ball cartridges.33 After that no Englishman could get a tonga – the shops refused to serve us – a sais was beaten who had been sent to fetch a tonga.

Living With the Himalayan Masters
by Swami Rama
Published 1 Jan 1978

After fifteen days’ stay with the baba I came back with the conclusion that the art of living and being, whether in the world or outside it, lies in awareness toward the purpose of life and non-attachment. In the Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi In the late 1930s and early ’40s I had the opportunity to stay with Mahatma Gandhi in Vardha Ashram, where I met many gentle and loving souls. While I was there I observed Mahatma Gandhi serving a leper. The leper was a learned Sanskrit scholar who was frustrated and angry, but Mahatma Gandhi personally looked after him with great care and love. That was an example to all of us. The way in which he served the sick left a lasting impression on me. My master told me to observe Mahatma Gandhi particularly when he walked, and when I did so I found that his walk was quite different from the walk of other sages.

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Swami Rama before leaving for Tibet He suspected me of being a spy for the Indian Congress Party, which was then fighting the British government. There were two groups in India at that time: one was Mahatma Gandhi’s group, which practiced non-violence and used the methods of passive resistance and non-cooperation; the other was the Terrorist Party of India. I was not a member of either, but the political officer found two letters in my possession, one written by Pandit Nehru, and another from Mahatma Gandhi. These letters were non-political, but they caused the political officer to be even more suspicious, and I was put under house arrest and forced to stay in an inspection bungalow [a government house usually used for traveling inspectors or officials].

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My First Days as a Swami A Constant Persecution Living on a Mount of Pebbles Temptations on the Path Should I Get Married? Spiritual Dignity Is Also Vanity A Miserable Experiment Charms of the World Two Naked Renunciates In the World and Yet Above To Lose Is to Gain VII. Experiences on Various Paths A Renowned Lady Sage With My Heart on My Palms and Tears in My Eyes Karma Is the Maker In the Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi “Not Sacrifice but Conquest”—Tagore Setting History Straight Maharshi Raman Meeting with Sri Aurobindo The Wave of Bliss Three Schools of Tantra The Seven Systems of Eastern Philosophy Soma VIII. Beyond the Great Religions A Christian Sage of the Himalayas My Meeting with a Jesuit Sadhu Jesus in the Himalayas A Vision of Christ Judaism in Yoga I Belong to None but God IX.

The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 31 Mar 2014

“From Micro-Grids to Smart Grids,” Kidela, November 20, 2012, http://www.kidela.com /resources/blackout-from-micro-grids-to-smart-grids/ (accessed September 30, 2013). 43. Ibid. 44. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production,” interview, May 16, 1936, http://www.tinytechindia .com/gandhiji2.html (accessed April 21, 2013). 45. Surur Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World (Indo-British Historical Society, 1997). 46. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production.” 47. Ibid. 48. Ibid. 49. Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World. 50. “Mahatma Gandhi on Mass Production.” 51. Hoda, Gandhi and the Contemporary World. 52. The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 83, June 7, 1942–January 26, 1944 (New Delhi: Publications Division of the Government of India, 1999), 113, http://www.gandhiserve.org /cwmg/VOL083.PDF (accessed November 14, 2013). 53.

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The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 83, June 7, 1942–January 26, 1944 (New Delhi: Publications Division of the Government of India, 1999), 113, http://www.gandhiserve.org /cwmg/VOL083.PDF (accessed November 14, 2013). 53. Mahatma Gandhi, The Mind of Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia of Ghandi’s Thoughts, ed. R. K. Prabhu and U. R. Rao (Ahmedabad, India: Jitendra T Desai Navajivan Mudranalaya, 1966), 243–44. 54. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. Edwin Cannan (London: Methuen, 1961), 1: 475. 55. “Mahatma Gandhi’s Views,” TinyTech Plants, http://www.tinytechindia.com/gandhi4.htm (accessed June 14, 2013). 56. Prarelal, Mahatma Gandhi: Poornahuti, vol. 10: The Last Phase, part 2 (Ahmedabad, India: Navajivan Trust, 1956), 522.

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This development will spawn new business practices whose efficiencies and productivity take us to near zero marginal costs in the production and distribution of goods and services—easing us out of the capitalist period and into the collaboratist era. Among the first to glimpse the historical significance of a “Makers Infrastructure” were the local grassroots activists who constituted the Appropriate Technology Movement. The movement began in the 1970s and was inspired by the writing of Mahatma Gandhi, and later E. F. Schumacher, Ivan Illich, and—if it’s not too presumptuous—a book I authored called Entropy: A New World View. A new generation of DIY hobbyists, most of whom were veterans of the peace and civil rights movements, loosely affiliated themselves under the appropriate technology banner.

Waging a Good War: A Military History of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1968
by Thomas E. Ricks
Published 3 Oct 2022

placed him in a straitjacket: David Garrow, Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (William Morrow, 1986), 146. “He just broke down and cried”: Quoted in Garrow, Bearing the Cross, 148. “a palace”: Quoted in Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, 542. “I am quite at peace”: Quoted in Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, 119. “He talked loud and big”: The account of this meeting here and in the following paragraphs is largely based on John Lewis, Walking with the Wind, 163–64. There are similar accounts in Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama; The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution (Simon & Schuster, 2012), 238, and in several memoirs of the Movement, such as James Farmer, Lay Bare the Heart, 207.

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The people getting off the bus: Katherine Charron, Freedom’s Teacher: The Life of Septima Clark (University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 310–11. “It is our duty to dress them first”: M. K. Gandhi, “My Loin-Cloth,” in The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 28, BJP e-Library, library.bjp.org/jspui/handle/123456789/597, 369–71. A similar quotation appears in Joseph Lelyveld, Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India (Vintage, 2012), 163. Funded in large part by the Marshall Field Foundation: Information on funding is from Interview with Dorothy Cotton, Civil Rights History Project, Southern Oral History Program Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 32.

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Block entrances to stores outside nor the aisles inside. DO: Show yourself friendly and courteous at all times. Sit straight; always face the counter. Report all serious incidents to your leader. Refer information seekers to your leader in a polite manner. Remember the teachings of Jesus Christ, Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. Love and nonviolence is the way. The role of the group leader was much like that of a squad leader in a military unit—that is, to make sure the rules were followed, and to buck up group members who faltered. Until this point, the police had maintained a presence at the protests, which deterred some attacks on the students.

Nonviolence: The History of a Dangerous Idea
by Mark Kurlansky
Published 7 Apr 2008

Fernea Elizabeth Warnock, and Mary Evelyn Hocking, Austin: University of Texas Press, The Struggle for Peace: Israelis and Palestinians. Fischer Louis. New York: Harper & Row, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi M. K. Mahadev Desai, trans. London: Penguin Books, An Autobiography, or the Story of My Experiments with Truth. Gandhi M. K. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, The Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Raghavan Iyer, Gandhi M. K. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, For Pacifists. Gandhi M. K. New York: New Directions, Gandhi on Non-Violence: A Selection from the Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Thomas Merton, Gandhi M. K. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, Non-Violent Resistance (Satyagraha).

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I consider the cultivation of nonviolence and compassion as part of my daily practice. I do not think of it as something that is holy or sacred but as of practical benefit to myself. It gives me satisfaction; it gives me a sense of peace that is very helpful in maintaining sincere, genuine relationships with other people. Mahatma Gandhi took up the ancient but powerful idea of ahimsa, or nonviolence, and made it familiar throughout the world. Martin Luther King Jr. followed in his footsteps. The author is correct to point out that both men were regarded with suspicion by the authorities they opposed, but ultimately both achieved far-reaching and significant changes in the societies in which they lived.

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This is the approach I too have adopted with regard to the Chinese authorities concerning the issue of Tibet. Responding to violence with more violence is rarely appropriate. However, discussing non-violence when things are going smoothly does not carry much weight. It is precisely when things become really difficult, urgent, and critical that we should think and act with nonviolence. Mahatma Gandhi's great achievement was to revive and implement the ancient Indian concept of nonviolence in modern times, not only in politics, but also in day-to-day life. Another important aspect of his legacy is that he won independence for India simply by telling the truth. His practice of nonviolence depended wholly on the power of truth.

The Passenger - India
by AA.VV.
Published 19 Feb 2020

L’India, al contrario, è la seconda nazione più grande al mondo, con una popolazione che supera il miliardo e trecento milioni, con dodici gruppi etnonazionali principali e una miriade di gruppi più piccoli, gran parte dei quali hanno una lingua propria, una lunga storia come nazioni indipendenti, e identità culturali fortemente definite. Sotto la guida perspicace del Mahatma Gandhi, il Partito del congresso riuscì a fonderli tutti in un’unica nazione. A differenza degli altri paesi emergenti, non si provò a creare una replica dello stato nazionale europeo, ma si celebrò la diversità dell’India e si utilizzò la democrazia e il federalismo per creare l’unità all’interno del paese.

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Di conseguenza, l’hindutva rappresenta la totale antitesi del dharma. DA DOVE È EMERSA L’HINDUTVA? Negli anni Venti, il desiderio di militarizzare l’induismo poteva forse essere giustificato perché era figlio della disperazione. Il Partito del congresso era ancora un’associazione borghese che si riuniva nei salotti, la dottrina del satyagraha del Mahatma Gandhi – la resistenza passiva per paralizzare il governo – non era ancora stata pienamente sperimentata e gli inglesi avevano cominciato a fucilare o impiccare i «freedom fighters», dopo averli bollati come terroristi. Ma l’ultimo stralcio di questa giustificazione perse la sua ragion d’essere quando l’India ottenne l’indipendenza.

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La creazione del Pakistan aveva comunque realizzato almeno uno degli obiettivi dell’Rss perché in quel modo l’India si era sbarazzata di tutti i musulmani che non accettavano di essere parte della hindu sanskriti, la cultura indù, di Savarkar. Un terzo dei musulmani che restarono in India aveva perciò dichiarato la propria lealtà al paese. Allora, cosa alimentò la rabbia incontrollata contro la Partizione che l’Rss sfogò subito dopo l’indipendenza? Perché i volontari dell’Rss esultarono apertamente quando il Mahatma Gandhi fu assassinato e mitizzarono il suo assassino, Nathuram Godse? E perché continuarono a demonizzare i musulmani indiani, anche se non costituivano più una minaccia per l’India indù? L’obiettivo dell’Rss non era soltanto quello di cacciare gli inglesi dall’India, ma prendere il loro posto per creare un’India indù modellata sulla loro immagine di hindu rashtra.

Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less
by Greg McKeown
Published 14 Apr 2014

Eknath Easwaran, preface to The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas, ed. Louis Fischer (1962; repr., New York: Vintage, 1990), xx. 2. “Gandhiji’s Philosophy: Diet and Diet Programme,” n.d., Mahatma Gandhi Information Website, www.gandhi-manibhavan.org/gandhiphilosophy/philosophy_health_dietprogramme.htm. 3. library.thinkquest.org/26523/mainfiles/quotes.htm. 4. Albert Einstein, “Mahatma Gandhi,” in Out of My Later Years: Essays (New York: Philosophical Library, 1950). 5. Henry David Thoreau to H. G. O. Blake, March 27, 1848, in The Portable Thoreau, ed. Jeffrey S. Cramer (London: Penguin, 2012). 6.

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In his book, Brown includes a primer to help readers reconnect with play. He suggests that readers mine their past for play memories. What did you do as a child that excited you? How can you re-create that today? CHAPTER 8 SLEEP Protect the Asset EACH NIGHT, WHEN I GO TO SLEEP, I DIE. AND THE NEXT MORNING, WHEN I WAKE UP, I AM REBORN. —Mahatma Gandhi Geoff sat straight up in bed, in a panic. He felt as if a bomb had exploded in his head. He was sweating and discombobulated. He listened intensely. What was going on? Everything was silent. Perhaps it was a weird reaction to something he’d eaten. He tried to go back to sleep. The next night it happened again.

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More importantly, of course, he devoted his life to helping the people of India gain independence. He intentionally never held a political position of any kind, yet he became, officially within India, the “Father of the Nation.” But his contribution extended well beyond India. As General George C. Marshall, the American secretary of state, said on the occasion of Gandhi’s passing: “Mahatma Gandhi had become the spokesman for the conscience of mankind, a man who made humility and simple truth more powerful than empires.”3 And Albert Einstein added: “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth.”4 It is impossible to argue with the statement that Gandhi lived a life that really mattered.

The 5 AM Club: Own Your Morning. Elevate Your Life.
by Robin Sharma
Published 4 Dec 2018

“And as each of us does our part to make our personal revolutions, every relationship in our life—from the one we have with our craft to the connections we share with each other—improves with us,” offered the artist. “Sort of like Mahatma Gandhi’s words ‘Be the change you wish to see in the world,’” added the entrepreneur, her face glowing in the soft light of the candle as she rubbed her new ring. “I read a little about his life before I went to sleep last night.” “With all due respect,” pronounced The Spellbinder compassionately, “Mahatma Gandhi’s actual words have been adjusted over the years, to become a sound bite that suits a culture experiencing a collective deficit of attention.”

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The excellent news is that this kind of power I speak of is available to anyone alive on the planet today. We might have forgotten and disowned this form of potency we have as life has hurt, disappointed and confused us. But it’s still there waiting for us to build a relationship with it. And develop it. All of the great teachers of history owned very few things, you know. When Mahatma Gandhi died he had about ten possessions, including his sandals, a watch, his eyeglasses and a simple bowl to eat from. Mother Teresa, so prosperous of heart and rich with the authentic power to influence millions, died in a tiny room containing almost no worldly goods. When she’d travel, she’d carry all her things in a white cloth bag.”

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And to experience empires in your outer life you need to develop your inner ones first,” reinforced the billionaire. He started to sip from a bottle of green-colored liquid that one of the fishermen had given him when he hopped out of the motor boat. If you looked very closely at the text printed on the glass, you’d read these words of Mahatma Gandhi: “The only devils in the world are those running in our own hearts. That is where the battle should be fought.” “As you consistently increase the inherent power inside you,” Mr. Riley continued, “you’ll actually begin to see an alternate reality flush with gorgeous opportunity and luxurious possibility.

Goodbye, Things: The New Japanese Minimalism
by Fumio Sasaki
Published 10 Apr 2017

I’m not sure the question matters much, but it’s intriguing to think about. I think Steve Jobs was one example of a perfect minimalist. Mother Teresa was another. I’ve heard that when she passed away, all she left behind was a well-worn sari, a cardigan, an old bag, and a pair of worn-out sandals. Mahatma Gandhi, a man of nonpossession, was also said to have left behind very sparse living quarters. Consider the ancient Greek philosopher Diogenes of Sinope. Diogenes is said to have owned only the sheet of cloth that he wore and a wooden bowl—which he shattered one day when he saw a peasant child drink from the hollow of his hands.

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The same goes for my backpack and my wallet. I’m no longer embarrassed about doing anything. From this point on, I’m simply going to do whatever I feel like doing. I’m more engaged with the world around me. Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it. —attributed to MAHATMA GANDHI I’m no longer a superintrovert I now have time. I’m not afraid of how people see me. I easily keep up with housework, which leads to more confidence. This is how the positive cycle of minimalism begins, and what started as a tiny swirl will gradually become a bigger circle. Because of this cycle, there is no longer anything that prevents me from trying something.

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When you look at the people who’ve been enjoying long lives, there will be barely any exceptions to the fact that fine relationships have been nurtured among them. You don’t need to have a hundred friends. There are some people who don’t have family. But scores of research results indicate that ties with neighbors and treasured friends are indispensable for happiness. Mirror neurons and built-in kindness Mahatma Gandhi, who taught nonpossession, said, “Service which is rendered without joy helps neither the servant nor the served. But all other pleasures and possessions pale into nothingness before service which is rendered in a spirit of joy.” Even if we can’t serve others like Gandhi did over the course of his life, it’s true that we experience a sense of joy when we do something for another person.

The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900
by David Edgerton
Published 7 Dec 2006

At the other end of the world, an expensive (male) tailor working alone making men’s suits in Lecce, Italy, also used a treadle-operated Singer.24 Treadle-powered sewing machines feature regularly in discussions of micro-credit initiatives supported by international development agencies. The sewing machine had a very particular place in the thinking of Mahatma Gandhi, as exemplary of an alternative approach to production. Gandhi was a strong opponent of the machine-based industries and famously argued not for mass production, but for production by the masses. Yet, he made what he called ‘intelligent exceptions’ to this hostility to industrially-made machines.

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For the free-rider problem would otherwise also apply to governments – why should the Indian government fund research that would equally be exploited by Pakistani, or US citizens? We should recognise of course that in the 1950s the US dominated world research and development, and thus could be thought of as a closed system. 15. A national technology. Mahatma Gandhi reading newspaper clippings next to a Charkha (spinning wheel), the great symbol of the Indian National Congress. The spinning wheel was re-introduced into India in the twentieth century as a result of a campaign led by Gandhi to promote ‘production by the masses’. This implicit techno-nationalism is also found in another justification for national funding of research (and development).

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For some white European intellectuals in the interwar years, a critique of western industrial civilisation was built on celebration, often with noble savage overtones, of the ancient less corrupted cultures of Africa and Asia. A very few non-white intellectuals, and fewer African and Asians, were themselves putting this forward, among them Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi. See Michael Adas, Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology and Ideologies of Western Dominance (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), pp. 380–401. 18. Gustavo Riofrio and Jean-Claude Driant, ¿Que Vivienda han construido? Nuevos Problemas en viejas barriadas (Lima: CIDAP/IFEA/TAREA, 1987). 19.

Hemingway Didn't Say That: The Truth Behind Familiar Quotations
by Garson O'Toole
Published 1 Apr 2017

In modern times, the Oscar-winning 1982 biopic Gandhi helped to popularize the connection between Gandhi and the saying. The film depicted the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the ensuing violent riots. Gandhi and a close political ally exchanged the following dialogue:10 Mohammed Ali Jinnah: After what they did at the massacre? It’s only an eye for an eye. Mahatma Gandhi: An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi may have used the expression, but no conclusive evidence for this has yet been discovered. It is also possible that the ascription is inaccurate, and the books of Louis Fischer may have inadvertently helped to establish the attribution. Notes: 1.

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This is the earliest citation located by QI that connects Gandhi with the saying:5 The shreds of individuality cannot be sewed together with a bayonet; nor can democracy be restored according to the Biblical injunction of an “eye for an eye” which, in the end, would make everybody blind. Another important early biography by Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi, was published in 1950.6 Fischer used the maxim again while explaining the concept of Satyagraha, but he did not attribute the words to Gandhi. This citation appears in The Yale Book of Quotations: Satyagraha is peaceful. If words fail to convince the adversary perhaps purity, humility, and honesty will.

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Accessed in HathiTrust, https://goo.gl/4T3QeZ. 4. [Henry] Powell Spring, What Is Truth (Winter Park, FL: Orange Press, 1944), 10. Verified in hard copy. 5. Louis Fischer, Gandhi and Stalin: Two Signs at the World’s Crossroads (New York: Harper, 1947), 61. Verified in hard copy. 6. Louis Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (New York: Harper, 1950), 77. Verified in hard copy. 7. Martin Luther King Jr., Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (New York: Harper, 1958), 213. Verified in hard copy. 8. Ralph Keyes, The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When (New York: St. Martin’s, 2006), 74–75. Verified in hard copy. 9.

Capitalism: A Ghost Story
by Arundhati Roy
Published 5 May 2014

The Kalpasar dam, which would raise the sea level and alter the ecology of hundreds of kilometers of coastline, was the cause of serious concerns amongst scientists in a 2007 report.23 It has made a sudden comeback in order to supply water to the Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR) in one of the most water-stressed zones not just in India but in the world. SIR is another name for a SEZ, a self-governed corporate dystopia of industrial parks, townships, and megacities. The Dholera SIR is going to be connected to Gujarat’s other cities by a network of ten-lane highways. Where will the money for all this come from? In January 2011 in the Mahatma (Gandhi) Mandir, Gujarat’s Chief Minister Narendra Modi presided over a meeting of ten thousand international businessmen from one hundred countries. According to media reports, they pledged to invest $450 billion in Gujarat. The meeting was deliberately scheduled to take place on the tenth anniversary of the massacre of two thousand Muslims in February 2002.

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We now have the backstory about Anna’s old relationship with the right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).4 We have heard from Mukul Sharma, who has studied Anna’s village community in Ralegan Siddhi, where there have been no Gram Panchayat or cooperative society elections in the last twenty-five years. We know about Anna’s attitude to “harijans”: “It was Mahatma Gandhi’s vision that every village should have one chamar, one sunar, one kumhar and so on. They should all do their work according to their role and occupation, and in this way, a village will be self-dependent. This is what we are practicing in Ralegan Siddhi.”5 Is it surprising that members of Team Anna have also been associated with Youth for Equality, the antireservation (pro-“merit”) movement?

1946: The Making of the Modern World
by Victor Sebestyen
Published 30 Sep 2014

General George Marshall and Zhou Enlai (© Gamma-Keystone / Getty Images) 18. Mao Zedong (© Underwood Photo Archives / SuperStock) 19. General Marshall with Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Mei-ling (© The LIFE Picture Collection / Getty Images) 20. Poverty and starvation in China (© Image Asset Management Ltd. / SuperStock) 21. Jawaharlal Nehru and Mohandas ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi (© The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images) 22. Mohammed Ali Jinnah (© AFP / Getty Images) 23. Communist partisans in Athens during the Greek Civil War (© Getty Images) 24. Greek partisans line up for battle (© Heritage Images / Getty Images) 25. Marshal Josef Broz Tito (© Getty Images) 26.

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Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2000 ———, Inside Hitler’s Greece: the Experience of Occupation, 1941–1944. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1995 ———, (ed.), After the War Was Over: Reconstructing the Family, Nation, and State in Greece, 1943–1960. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2000 Mehta, Ved, Mahatma Gandhi and his Apostles. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1977 Menand, Louis, ‘Getting Real: George Kennan’s Cold War’, New Yorker, 14 November 2011 Menon, V. P., The Story of the Integration of the Indian States. Longmans, Green, London, 1956 ———, The Transfer of Power in India. Longmans, Green, London, 1957 Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, The Rape of Poland: Pattern of Soviet Aggression.

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Cambridge, New York, 2005 Willoughby, John, ‘The Sexual Behaviour of American GIs during the Early Years of the Occupation of Germany’, Journal of Military History, vol. 62, January 1998 Wilson, Francesca, Aftermath: France, Germany, Austria, Yugoslavia, 1945 and 1946. Penguin, London, 1947 Wolff-Mönckeberg, Mathilde, On the Other Side: To My Children: From Germany, 1940–1945. Persephone Books, London, 2007 Wolpert, Stanley, Gandhi’s Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. Oxford University Press, New York, 2001 ———, Jinnah of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, New York, 1984 ———, Nehru: A Tryst with Destiny. Oxford University Press, New York, 1996 Yergin, Daniel, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State. André Deutsch, London, 1978 Zhukov, Georgi, The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov.

The Billionaire Raj: A Journey Through India's New Gilded Age
by James Crabtree
Published 2 Jul 2018

Traffic moved easily up the neat six-lane highway north from the airport towards Gandhinagar, the state capital and Modi’s longtime seat of power. Small scenes of his achievements as chief minister zipped by the window, from technology parks and glass office buildings to the Mahatma Mandir, a giant convention center named after Mahatma Gandhi, who was born in the state and for much of his life lived in a modest ashram nearby. The scene was prosperous and orderly; a model for the country Modi aspired to lead. Over the previous year he had crisscrossed India delivering rousing speeches attacking corruption and economic mismanagement.

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Rejecting the divisions of caste, it formally claimed as Hindus all those whose religions viewed India as their spiritual homeland: a typology that included Sikhs and Jains, but pointedly excluded Muslims and Christians, who today make up about fourteen percent and two percent of the population respectively.11 It was an idea that had its most tragic consequence when Nathuram Godse, a Hindutva ideologue and former RSS activist, assassinated Gandhi in 1948, shooting him in the chest on his way to an evening prayer meeting. Nehru outlawed the organization, claiming “these people had the blood of Mahatma Gandhi on their hands,” one of three occasions on which the group has been banned since Independence.12 But a year later it was allowed to re-form. In the years that followed it went on to spawn a wider family of Hindu nationalist organizations, known as the Sangh Parivar, covering everything from trade unions and farmers’ organizations to youth and student groups, and eventually the BJP itself.

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For its adherents, Modi’s Gujarat embodied the best of what India was becoming: a churning entrepôt marked by industrialization and urbanization, a birthplace of billionaires, and home to a developing middle-class, consumerist society. Modi himself was fond of quoting India’s most famous national founder, claiming that his own model of business-friendly development would ultimately benefit the least privileged as well. “Mahatma Gandhi used to say: ‘What is there for the last man?’ ” Modi once told an interviewer. “So my development parameter is very simple. It is about how the poorest of the poor can benefit.”43 Yet after a decade of his rule, little such development had reached Juhapura, whose residents complained of unpaved roads, unreliable water supplies, and inadequate schooling.

Free Speech And Why It Matters
by Andrew Doyle
Published 24 Feb 2021

Across the country, many university and school curricula are being ‘decolonised’ of authors and works on the basis of identity politics or moral purity. There have been calls to demolish statues of historical figures with ties to the slave trade, such as Edward Coulston or Cecil Rhodes. But there have been more surprising targets, such as monuments to Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln. Cancel culture is not limited to the living. Debates surrounding these issues are complicated, and perspectives vary depending on whether these monuments are deemed to be celebratory in nature or remnants of a history that we would be unwise to forget. But wherever one stands on the issue, it is important to note that the totalitarian mindset has always been revisionist in nature, so we are right to be cautious about where such actions might eventually lead.

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p.95‘the Right of every Man to his own opinion’: Quoted by Christopher Hitchens, Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man: A Biography (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2006), p. 123. p.95the ‘outdated notion’ of Western civilisation: Craig Simpson, ‘Exclusive: British Library’s chief librarian claims “racism is the creation of white people”’, the Telegraph (29 August 2020). p.96monuments to Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln: In London, there have been consultations about whether statues and other landmarks, including street names, should be modified in accordance with today’s values. This kind of government-sanctioned revisionism is reminiscent of Winston’s words in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four: ‘Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every date has been altered.

Civilization: The West and the Rest
by Niall Ferguson
Published 28 Feb 2011

Now, they fly through the air in trains at the rate of four hundred and more miles per day … Formerly, when people wanted to fight with one another, they measured between them their bodily strength; now it is possible to take away thousands of lives by one man working behind a gun from a hill … There are now diseases of which people never dreamt before, and an army of doctors is engaged in finding out their cures, and so hospitals have increased. This is a test of civilization … What more need I say? … This civilization is such that one has only to be patient and it will be self-destroyed. According to the teaching of Muhammad this would be considered a Satanic Civilization. Hinduism calls it the Black Age … It must be shunned. Mahatma Gandhi It is a people which by its sons (Robespierre, Descartes, etc.) has done much for humanity. I do not have the right to wish it evil. Senegalese student BURKE’S PROPHECY From the middle of the nineteenth century until the middle of the twentieth, the West ruled over the Rest. This was the age not just of empires but of imperialism, a theory of overseas expansion that justified the formal and informal domination of non-Western peoples on both self-interested and altruistic grounds.

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Even at the time, their conduct aroused bitter criticism. Indeed, the word ‘imperialism’ is a term of abuse that caught on with nationalists, liberals and socialists alike. These critics rained coruscating ridicule on the claim that the empires were exporting civilization. Asked what he thought of Western civilization, the Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi is said to have replied wittily that he thought it would be a good idea. In Hind Swaraj (‘Indian Home Rule’), published in 1908, Gandhi went so far as to call Western civilization ‘a disease’ and ‘a bane’.2 Mark Twain, America’s leading anti-imperialist, preferred irony. ‘To such as believe’, he wrote in 1897, ‘that the quaint product called French civilization would be an improvement upon the civilization of New Guinea and the like, the snatching of Madagascar and the laying on of French civilization there will be fully justified.’3 The Bolshevik leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was also being ironic when he called imperialism ‘the highest stage of capitalism’, the result of monopolistic banks struggling ‘for the sources of raw materials, for the export of capital, for spheres of influence, i.e., for spheres for profitable deals, concessions, monopoly profits and so on’.

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In 1904 global sales passed 1.3 million machines a year. By 1914 that figure had more than doubled. The brand logo – the ‘S’ wrapped around a sewing woman – was ubiquitous, to be seen even (according the firm’s advertising copywriters) on the summit of Mount Everest. In a rare concession to modernity, Mahatma Gandhi acknowledged that it was ‘one of the few useful things ever invented’ – praise indeed from the man who disdained even modern medicine.40 Singer exemplified the American advantage. Not only was the United States still attracting, as it always had, the world’s natural-born risk-takers. Now there were enough of them to constitute a truly unmatched internal market.

The Achievement Habit: Stop Wishing, Start Doing, and Take Command of Your Life
by Bernard Roth
Published 6 Jul 2015

We can learn from a child as well as from a famous celebrity. It is important not to be disillusioned when you find out your idols have clay feet. They can still be your teachers. You might even be able to learn more from obviously imperfect people than from those still pretending to be perfect. Does the fact that Mahatma Gandhi was not a great father to his children invalidate his message and example? Does the fact that a politician had an illicit affair invalidate the good work she has done? You can choose a priori to rule certain influences out of your life, or you can be inclusive and take the relevant lessons from each.

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Braverman points out that work that allows for self-expression satisfies human needs, and he traces the roots of the trend toward deskilling of both work and workers. In Braverman’s terms, the machines that enhance people’s skills are considered life-supporting, while those that deskill people and devalue their work are life-destroying.2 Perhaps the best spokesperson for the need to define the proper role of machines is Mahatma Gandhi. Asked whether he was opposed to machines, he answered,3 How can I be when I know that even this body is a most delicate piece of machinery? The spinning wheel is a machine, a little toothpick is a machine. What I object to is the craze for machinery, not machinery as such. The craze is for what they call labour-saving machinery.

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Second, I like that it implies that it is normal for people to have a sane life even though we live in a crazy world. 1.Kurt Vonnegut, Player Piano (New York: Doubleday, 1952). 2.Harry Braverman, Labor and Monopoly Capital (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974). 3.Gandhi is quoted as having said this in Delhi in 1924 by Mahadev DeSai; cited in the preface to Mahatma Gandhi, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule (Ahmedabad, India: Jitendra T. Desai/Navajivan, 1938), pp. 5–6. 4.E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered (New York: HarperCollins, 1973). 5.Ibid., pp. 56–66. 6.Lawrence Weschler, Seeing Is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982). 7.The quest for personal autonomy in a harsh assembly line environment is insightfully portrayed in the short story “Joe, the Vanishing American” by Harvey Swados (1957).

Divided: Why We're Living in an Age of Walls
by Tim Marshall
Published 8 Mar 2018

A majority of people were converted to Islam west of the Thar Desert and in the Ganges Delta basin (the same regions that now comprise Pakistan and Bangladesh), but almost everywhere else the majority of people remained Hindu. In 1947, as the British withdrew, India’s founding fathers, especially Mahatma Gandhi, had a vision of creating a multi-faith democratic state stretching east to west from the Hindu Kush to the Rakhine Mountains, and north to south from the Himalayas to the Indian Ocean. But Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who would go on to become Pakistan’s first leader, believed that because Muslims would be a minority in this state they required their own country.

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National secular laws have in theory banned discrimination, but as the system is dominated by people in the higher castes who want to maintain it, the laws are not enforced. Many politicians are also reluctant to take real action as they rely on block votes from certain castes. The system is deeply embedded in the culture of the country. For example, Mahatma Gandhi, who was from one of the ‘higher’ castes, said: ‘I believe that if Hindu society has been able to stand, it is because it is founded on the caste system . . . To destroy the caste system and adopt the Western European social system means that Hindus must give up the principle of hereditary occupation which is the soul of the caste system.

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.; Ranger, N., et al., ‘A global ranking of port cities with high exposure to climate extremes’, Climatic Change, vol. 104, no. 1 (January 2011), pp. 89–111 Hasnain, Lieutenant General Syed Ata, ‘Why the fence on the line of control’, South Asia Defence and Strategic Review, May 2014 Jones, Reece, Violent Borders: Refugees and the Right to Move (London and New York: Verso, 2016) Lindley, Mark, ‘Changes in Mahatma Gandhi’s views on caste and intermarriage’, Hacettepe University (Ankara) Social Sciences Journal, vol. 1 (1999) Roy, Arundhati, ‘India’s shame’, Prospect Magazine, 13 November 2014 Shamshad, Rizwana, ‘Politics and origin of the India–Bangladesh border fence’, paper presented to the 17th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia in Melbourne, 1–3 July 2008 ‘Skin colour tied to caste system, says study’, Times of India, 21 November 2016 Sukumaran Nair, P., Indo-Bangladesh Relations (New Delhi: APH Publishing, 2008) Tripathi, Sanjeev, ‘Illegal immigration from Bangladesh to India: toward a comprehensive solution’, Carnegie India, 29 June 2016 Chapter 6: Africa Agyemang, Felix, ‘The emergence of gated communities in Ghana and their implications on urban planning and management’, Developing Country Studies, vol. 3, no. 14 (July 2013), pp. 40–46 Aisien, Ebiuwa, and Oriakhi, Felix O.

Brilliant, Crazy, Cocky: How the Top 1% of Entrepreneurs Profit From Global Chaos
by Sarah Lacy
Published 6 Jan 2011

Things just don’t get done quickly in a democracy serving more than 1 bil ion people who don’t speak the same language, don’t have jobs, and don’t have access to basic communications and infrastructure. And part of it is the nature of India. Before colonial times, India had never been a united country. During the struggle for independence, the founding fathers of India like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru ultimately failed to keep the country united, with Pakistan being carved off as a Muslim state. Gandhi and Nehru refused to give into India’s Hindu majority, insisting that India—unlike Pakistan—remain a secular nation. That didn’t mean the country had no religion, but rather that none was above the others.

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Unlike China, Indian cities don’t have the infrastructure to support a ful -scale migration, nor does India have a powerful, autocratic government that can mold new satel ite cities out of nothing. Delhi tried with Gurgaon, a city constructed so haphazardly that most of the companies operating there run off generators. India isn’t 10 years behind China, as many pundits say. What worked for China won’t work in India. India has to find another path to modernity. Even Mahatma Gandhi used to say: If you want to change India, change the vil ages. Too high-minded social thinking for greed-based entrepreneurs? Hardly. The vil ages are where the mass market is in India. And if the country can crack the sachet equivalent of the digital revolution, it wil have a leg up on bridging the same divide in Africa, Southeast Asia, and any corner of the world where the Web is experienced over a pay-as-you-go monthly phone.

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Endeavor Entrepreneurship: in emerging markets globalization of political ramifications U.S. history of Ericsson Estrin, Judy Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Facebook: employee cachet funding for in Indonesia as media giant PayPal role in social network Factory Girls (Chang) Fal ows, James FARC. See Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia (FARC) Farmer, Paul Fast Company Federal Reserve Bank FedEx 56.com Financial Times Firefox Forbes “Midas List,” Foxconn Friendster Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi, Pravin Gates, Bil Gates Foundation GDP: Africa China-related Rwanda Singapore wages as share of U.S. world comparisons General Motors Geni Genocide, Rwandan Ghate, Ravi Giant Interactive Giuffrida, Fred Globalization Goldman Sachs Gomes, Marco Gondal, Vishal Google: ad build-out in China as competitor as copycat founder of funding for immigrant success story as innovator in Israel powerhouse vis-à-vis Tencent Web share YouTube acquisition Gourevitch, Philip Grant Thornton LLP Great Leap Forward (Mao) Greenfield opportunities: in Brazil in China defined in India in Israel venture capital and in Western world Groupon Grove, Andy Growth Enterprise Board G7 nations Gupta, Abhishek Gupta, Naren Habyarimana, Juvenal Hambrecht & Quist Hanna, Jack Harvard Business School He, Eric Hertz, Matt Hewlett-Packard Highland Capital Partners Hinduism, culture of Hiware Bazar (India) Ho, Roy Hole-in-the-Wal program Horsley Bridge Partners Hsieh, Tony Huawei Hulu ICQ IL&FS Image Café Immigrants: Brazilian as economic asset as entrepreneurs Indian to Indonesia role in Israel In U.S.

A Concise History of Modern India (Cambridge Concise Histories)
by Barbara D. Metcalf and Thomas R. Metcalf
Published 27 Sep 2006

With Gandhi they had a leader who could at once appeal effectively to those outside the narrow constituency of the educated, and yet contain any potential threat to their own predominance in society. t h e p ow e r o f g a n d h i ’ s n a m e : s u p p o rt e rs and opponents Although Gandhi by 1919 had found a responsive audience for a new political practice – as crowds turned out in their thousands to shout ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ (Long live the Mahatma) – his appeal was never uniform across India, and many, while following him, made of him the ‘mahatma’ they wanted. To understand Gandhian nationalism, therefore, it is necessary at the outset to take account of who supported him, and why, as well as who did not.

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Yet the sacrifices were gladly made, for, as Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in his autobiography, we had a ‘feeling of satisfaction at doing effective political work which was changing the face of India before our eyes’, and even, he admitted, ‘an agreeable sense of moral superiority over our opponents’. In Bihar and UP the cry of ‘Mahatma Gandhi ki jai’ radiated outwards to the foothills of the Himalayas and down to the oppressed tenantry of the region’s great landlords. Yet in these remote areas, as it circulated among an impoverished peasantry, Gandhi’s message took on unexpected shapes. Gandhi, and his volunteer workers in the localities, had devised what they saw as an appropriate role for these peasant masses.

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As one woman told her ‘rescuer’, ‘I have lost my husband and have now gone in for another. You want me to go to India where I have got nobody.’ For the Indian and Pakistani governments, however, none of this mattered. Not until 1954 was forcible repatriation abandoned as official policy. t h e h i n du r i g h t a n d t h e as sas s i n at i o n of gandhi On 30 January 1948 Mahatma Gandhi was murdered by a Hindu zealot as he was leading a prayer meeting in New Delhi. Jawaharlal Nehru spoke for a grief-striken nation when he told India in a radio broadcast, ‘The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere.’ Despite the deep sense of loss the Mahatma’s death, at age seventy-eight, produced in India, Gandhi had become increasingly marginal to the Indian political scene ever since the end of the war.

Surviving AI: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence
by Calum Chace
Published 28 Jul 2015

The flip side of this is “salience”, when something you have reason to pay attention to starts appearing everywhere you look. Thus if you buy a Lexus car, there may suddenly seem to be many more of them on the road than before. “Anchoring” is another way in which we are easily misled. If you ask people whether Mahatma Gandhi was older than 35 when he died and then ask them to guess his exact age when he died, they will give a lower answer than if your first question was whether he was over 100 when he died. (To save you looking it up, he was 78.) Some of our forms of bias are very damaging. How much better would our political processes be if we were not subject to “confirmation bias”, which makes us more attentive to data and ideas which confirm our existing viewpoints than to data and ideas which challenge them?

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The best we can hope for is that any evolution in the superintelligence’s goals takes them in directions we would approve of. Some people take comfort from the belief that if an entity starts off with benevolent motivations, it will not turn malevolent. Few people would disagree with the proposition that Mahatma Gandhi was a man of good will. If you had offered him a pill which would turn him into a murderer, he would have refused to take it, even if he believed that becoming a murderer would serve some noble purpose. There has been a fair amount of debate about whether Gandhi’s resolve to retain his moral probity could be diluted, but as far as I know, no method has yet been found to guarantee that a superintelligence could not alter its goals in such a way that it would end up harming us.

Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend
by Barbara Oakley Phd
Published 20 Oct 2008

Never have I enjoyed such swearing before or since.”50 Years later, Thomas Jefferson dryly noted Washington's reaction to a provocation at a cabinet meeting: Washington became “much inflamed; got into one of those passions when he cannot command himself.”51 Yet, despite—and possibly related to—his passion and sometimes overwhelming efforts to master it, Washington managed to control and resist a temptation to remain in power that Julius Caesar, Oliver Cromwell, Napoleon, Lenin, Mao, and thousands of other leaders, great and small, have been unable to resist. An anguished Napoleon commented on his deathbed, “They wanted me to be another Washington.” But he wasn't. Washington wasn't alone in harboring a volatile side that he attempted to control even as he performed noble deeds. Spiritual master of nonviolence Mahatma Gandhi shared the same characteristic. (Beyond their shared temper, Gandhi, like Washington, wasn't above rewriting his own history to burnish his legend.)52 Biographer Louis Fischer, who knew Gandhi personally, reported, “He had a violent nature and his subsequent mahatma-calm was the product of long training in temperament-control.”53 Early on, it was Gandhi's wife who felt the brunt of his temper.

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Famed Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton, popular with his crew (and consequently disliked by fellow explorer Robert Falcon Scott), delighted everyone with his wonderful memory and “amazing treasure of most interesting anecdote.”93 Many top political leaders with good or great reputations—and remarkable memories—include Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Margaret Thatcher,g.94 and Chinese president Hu Jintau, as well as business leaders such as Warren Buffett, Jack Welch, and Bill Gates. Other top business leaders with a different sort of reputation—but no less remarkable a memory—include indicted Hollinger CEO Conrad Black, convicted former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling, convicted CEO Martha Stewart, and (if you consider mob bosses to be business leaders), dreaded capo di tutti i capi Toto Riina.95 President Bill Clinton, with his marvelously retentive memory, could cover gaffes such as being given the wrong speech for his first State of the Union address through recollection and ad-libbing—no one ever guessed what was going on until later.

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Does a killer whale have a choice when it toys with a terrified seal pup? If I've learned anything through these many years of research, it's that Carolyn's choices were a bit like the choices a tree on a windy shoreline has in deciding how tall and how bent to grow. Sure, others, as for example, George Washington and Mahatma Gandhi, were probably able to produce real changes in their neurological makeup through their conscious choices—strengthening their top-down control even if they were unable to adjust their bottom-up passions. Research is in fact showing that extraordinary neural shifts can take place through long-term conscious efforts.7 But what of those, like Carolyn, who don't seem to have the requisite neural apparatus to understand that there is a problem, not with drinking, or with others, but rather, with themselves?

The Post-American World: Release 2.0
by Fareed Zakaria
Published 1 Jan 2008

From the Philippines and Haiti to Vietnam and Iraq, the natives’ reaction to U.S. efforts has taken Americans by surprise. Americans take justified pride in their own country—we call it patriotism—and yet are genuinely startled when other people are proud and possessive of theirs. In the waning days of Britain’s rule in India, its last viceroy, Lord Louis Mountbatten, turned to the great Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi and said in exasperation, “If we just leave, there will be chaos.” Gandhi replied, “Yes, but it will be our chaos.” That sense of being governed by one’s “own,” without interference, is a powerful feeling in emerging countries, especially those that were once colonies or quasi-colonies of the West.

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Our policy therefore necessarily rested on the intuition of one man, who was Foreign Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru.” This meant that India’s early foreign policy was driven by Nehru’s principles and prejudices, which were distinctive. Nehru was an idealist, even a moralist. He was for nonalignment and against the Cold War. His mentor, Mahatma Gandhi, was an unyielding pacifist. “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,” Gandhi used to say, “and soon the world will be blind and toothless.” The mahatma was revered in India almost like a god, and his strategy of nonviolence had brought down an empire. Like many of his followers, Nehru was determined to chart a new course in international affairs that lived up to those ideals.

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But these attitudes are most true of India’s English-speaking elite—still a minority in the country—that is in some ways more comfortable in the West’s world than in its own. (Ask an educated Indian businessman, scholar, scientist, or bureaucrat what was the last book he read in a language other than English.) Mahatma Gandhi was a more distinctly Indian figure. His foreign policy ideas were a mixture of Hindu nonviolence and Western radicalism, topped up with a shrewd practicality that was probably shaped by his merchant class background. When Nehru called himself the “last” Englishman to rule India, he sensed that as the country developed, its own cultural roots would begin showing more clearly and would be ruled by more “authentic” Indians.

Power, for All: How It Really Works and Why It's Everyone's Business
by Julie Battilana and Tiziana Casciaro
Published 30 Aug 2021

In the realm of consumer behavior, brands, organizations, and leaders can gain or lose power because they align or fail to align with contemporary moral values. Appealing to moral principles to mobilize people for change is also a universal source of power. If you think back to social change icons like Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, and Mother Teresa or, more recently, Malala Yousafzai, their ideals are what enabled them to influence others. This is also how, in 2019, sixteen-year-old Greta Thunberg’s Fridays for Future mobilized an estimated 4 million people in 163 countries to march, protest, and join strikes for climate action.68 But while moral appeals are powerful, they are not always virtuous.

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Micah, Kalle, and so many others who occupied their cities had hoped that this would be the protest that led to the rise of a radically new social and economic system. Yet, the capitalist system did not change much, if at all, in the following months. What went wrong? Some may jump to the conclusion that the movement came short because it lacked an exceptionally charismatic leader, like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., or Nelson Mandela. But a single iconic change maker, no matter how remarkable, rarely changes the course of organizations or society on their own, because an isolated individual’s call to action is far too easy to disregard. These iconic figures used their power to inspire and influence thousands, sometimes millions of individuals to step out of their routine and join a movement to bring about the changes they envisioned.

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The term was first used in an anthology of the works of American essayist, poet, and philosopher Henry David Thoreau.19 Thoreau believed that it was justifiable and indeed morally necessary for honest citizens to rebel against unjust and oppressive laws. He himself refused to pay a new Massachusetts poll tax to express his rejection of slavery and of the Mexican–American War. Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. are among the many movement leaders inspired by his writing who have resorted to acts of civil disobedience and nonviolent protests.20 To assess the effectiveness of such protests, political scientists Erica Chenoweth and Maria Stephan analyzed data from violent and nonviolent resistance efforts around the globe between 1900 and 2006.

Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations
by Nandan Nilekani
Published 4 Feb 2016

Be tting big on technology: The trend is your friend Whenever Sanjay Sahni, a school dropout working as an electrician in New Delhi returned to his home village of Ratnauli in Bihar’s Muzaffarpur district, he would be besieged by complaints from villagers that they weren’t getting their dues under the government’s MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Generation Act) scheme, meant to provide guaranteed employment and wages to rural residents. Sahni used to store his tools in a New Delhi cybercafe; knowing nothing about computers, one day he impulsively typed ‘NREGA Bihar’ into Google, and found the official list of villagers who were supposedly beneficiaries.

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The second is its openness, exemplified by the fact that Aadhaar is designed as a platform providing a single service—identity verification—that can be easily plugged into any application requiring such a service. Today, Aadhaar is used to verify identity in a host of government schemes and services. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act now uses Aadhaar numbers to make payments; recipients can withdraw money through Aadhaar-linked microATMs. The subsidy for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is administered by linking a consumer’s information with their Aadhaar numbers. Banks have established e-KYC (electronic-Know Your Customer) processes using Aadhaar to open new bank accounts, and the government itself uses Aadhaar to track the attendance of employees.

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The basic banking infrastructure that will arise in every village of India will be the engine that powers further innovation in financial services for the benefit of every citizen; it will help create a truly integrated and inclusive economy. 4 Mending our Social Safety Nets There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread. —Mahatma Gandhi KRIPA SHANKAR IS a slight, moustachioed farmer from a small village near Amethi in the state of Uttar Pradesh. When Viral met him in 2012, he was pushing his bicycle by the side of a large highway, their conversation periodically drowned out by the ear-splitting honking of trucks as they roared past.

The Food Revolution: How Your Diet Can Help Save Your Life and Our World
by John Robbins
Published 14 Sep 2010

"It's in the ditches and the roadsides; it's in the shelterbelts; it's in the gardens; it's all over.... We're just touching the tip of the iceberg in contamination of fields by this Roundup genetic canola." s On October 2, 2000, the 131st anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi's birth, Gandhi's family gave this Canadian farmer the prestigious Mahatma Gandhi award. An enormous crowd of 300,000 Indian farmers gathered to listen to and support Percy Schmeiser. When I first learned that Monsanto was suing Percy Schmeiser because their crops had invaded his fields, I could hardly believe it. It seemed ludicrous.

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By 1999, nations throughout the European community, including Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Ireland, Finland, Belgium, and the Netherlands, had enacted almost complete bans on veal crates.45 As well, in 1999, agriculture ministers from the European Union agreed to end all caged egg production in Europe by 2012, replacing it completely with free-range farming.46 In 2000, scientists from the United Kingdom called for an end to all factory farming in Europe as the only sure way to halt Mad Cow disease.47 And in 2001, the European Union proposed new animal welfare rules for pigs.48 Attorney David Wolfson commented, "The contrast is stark: the United States alters the law to allow cruel farming practices while Western European countries are banning cruel farming practices."49 Seeing such a dramatic contrast, I am reminded of the words of one of our world's great moral leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, who said, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated." Fortunately, there are voices within the U.S. meat industry who understand the wisdom of the direction the Europeans are taking. Rather than resisting the public's growing awareness, they say, it would be good business to take animal protection issues seriously.

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Our power lies in our deepest human responses. Our power does not lie in looking the other way. Through history there have always been people who have chosen to be vegetarians because they did not feel it was right to kill animals for food when it was not necessary, when there was other nourishing food available. People like Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, and countless others have been ethical vegetarians for just such reasons. But today, because of the way animals are raised for market, the question of whether or not it's ethical to eat meat has a whole new meaning and a whole new urgency. Never before have animals been treated like this.

Ten Myths About Israel
by Ilan Pappe
Published 1 May 2017

However, even if this was true, it might have been possible to find a solution that was not restricted to the biblical map and that did not dispossess the Palestinians. This position was voiced by a quite a few well-known personalities, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. These commentators tried to suggest that the Palestinians should be asked to provide a safe haven for persecuted Jews alongside the native population, not in place of it. But the Zionist movement regarded such proposals as heresy. The difference between settling alongside the native people and simply displacing them was recognized by Mahatma Gandhi when he was asked by the Jewish philosopher, Martin Buber, to lend his support to the Zionist project. In 1938, Buber had been asked by Ben-Gurion to put pressure on several well-known moral figures to show their public support for Zionism.

The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable
by Amitav Ghosh
Published 16 Jan 2018

This is indeed the essence of humanity’s present derangement. 9 Imperialism was not, however, the only obstacle in Asia’s path to industrialization: this model of economy also met with powerful indigenous resistances of many different kinds. While it is true that industrial capitalism met with resistance on every continent, not least Europe, what is distinctive in the case of Asia is that the resistance was often articulated and championed by figures of extraordinary moral and political authority, such as Mahatma Gandhi. Among Gandhi’s best-known pronouncements on industrial capitalism are these famous lines written in 1928: ‘God forbid that India should ever take to industrialism after the manner of the West. If an entire nation of 300 millions [sic] took to similar economic exploitation, it would strip the world bare like locusts.’

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A philosopher of this tradition, in responding to the argument that the moral imperative of climate change comes from the need to save the millions of lives in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere, might well quote David Hume: ‘’Tis not contrary to reason to prefer the destruction of the whole world to the scratching of my finger.’ Climate activists’ appeals to morality will not necessarily find much support here. Last, we already know, from the example of Mahatma Gandhi, that the industrial, carbon-intensive economy cannot be fought by a politics of sincerity. Gandhi invested himself, body and soul, in the effort to prevent India from adopting the Western, industrial model of economy. Drawing on many different traditions, he articulated and embodied a powerful vision of renunciatory politics; no reporter would have had the gall to ask him what he had sacrificed; his entire political career was based upon the idea of sacrifice.

1947: Where Now Begins
by Elisabeth Åsbrink
Published 31 Jul 2016

Der Weg has always supported the Arabs in their struggle for freedom and their just combat against the forces of darkness embodied by world Jewry, which have dared to rob the Palestinian Arabs of their forefathers’ ancestral homeland and to steal their property. Sirs, may you continue the struggle for justice with undiminished strength, and may it be crowned with success. New Delhi After evening prayers at home in Birla House, people gather to receive spiritual guidance. Mahatma Gandhi again speaks of the catastrophe that is still unfolding, the agony of India, partition, and the violence against women. He often speaks of women, of those who are being abducted and raped to death. This evening, his address concerns those who have been enslaved but survived, those who have returned without noses or arms, with humiliating words carved into their foreheads and bodies.

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“According to information obtained by the Swedish Security Service, he works at the Ministry of Propaganda, organizing propaganda against Israel.” Swedish Security Service, file on von Leers, PM 8/10 1956. Der Weg’s tenth anniversary. Der Weg, No. 7/8, 1956. Gandhi’s speech of December 26, 1947. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, GandhiServe Foundation. The past is never dead. It’s not even past. — William Faulkner

Railways & the Raj: How the Age of Steam Transformed India
by Christian Wolmar
Published 3 Oct 2018

They are often the first casualties of war since blowing up a line or causing a train to crash are relatively easy acts of sabotage with widespread consequences, as demonstrated by the activities of modern terrorists who routinely attack trains and stations. The fears of the British, therefore, may have been somewhat exaggerated as most Indians either supported or were indifferent to the advent of the railways, but they were well-founded. As we shall see in Chapter 7, Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement, made great play of the role of the railways as an instrument of imperial repression and was, at times, openly hostile to them. THREE CONTROLLING THE RAILWAYS WHILE THE GENEROUS arrangements that guaranteed the companies a rate of return may have been necessary to kick-start construction in the early days, they were neither sustainable nor practical in the long term.

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The privations of the journey did not prevent a significant increase in the numbers travelling to pay their respects to the gods once they were able to travel by train. The railways gave an opportunity for hundreds of thousands of new pilgrims, but, as we have seen, the companies made little effort to make the journeys of these pilgrims bearable. Mahatma Gandhi, in fact, was rather scathing about these new pilgrims, suggesting that, without going through the hardship of a long walk or journey on a bullock cart, the experience of worship was degraded. This seemed rather unfair. Holy places were now able to attract the old and the infirm who would not have been able to travel on the arduous roads.

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Most of the network ground to a halt, stations were empty, goods trains held up for lengthy periods and few passenger services operated. However, the reaction of the government was uncompromising. Nehru’s daughter, the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi (she had taken the name of her husband, Feroze Gandhi, born Gandhy, who was not related to Mahatma Gandhi), reacted strongly, arresting 30,000 railway workers under emergency preventative detention laws, and at least four protesting railway workers were killed during battles with the police. The strike was undermined by the use of strikebreakers from the Railway Territorial Army. This was an organization that had been created out of the Railway Volunteers, the not-so voluntary force of Europeans and Eurasians which, as mentioned in Chapter 6, Kipling had seen being trained.

The Divide: A Brief Guide to Global Inequality and Its Solutions
by Jason Hickel
Published 3 May 2017

But during the 1950s and 1960s the governments of the United States, Britain and France realised that it could have power beyond their borders as well, and they began to wield it as a weapon in their foreign policy arsenal. They were worried about the progressive ideas that were bubbling up across the global South in the aftermath of colonialism. The leaders of the new independent nations were rejecting Truman’s story about global inequality. Drawing on insights from thinkers such as Karl Marx, Aimé Césaire and Mahatma Gandhi, they pointed out that underdevelopment in the global South was not a natural condition, but a consequence of the way Western powers had organised the world system over hundreds of years. They wanted to change the rules of the global economy to make it fairer for the world’s majority. They wanted to stop foreigners from plundering their resources, to take control of their own abundant raw materials and to build their own industries without Western interference.

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The progressive political parties that began to take control in Europe after the Second World War had little appetite for colonialism as it conflicted with the growing discourse on equality, national sovereignty and human rights.9 Indeed, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations a few years after the war ended. Europe’s colonial subjects, who had committed immense resources and millions of troops essential to the success of the war effort, wondered why they too shouldn’t benefit from this new regime and receive equal rights alongside Europeans. Anti-colonial thinkers like Mahatma Gandhi and Marcus Garvey had been sowing the idea of independence for a number of decades, and in the middle of the century it began to bear fruit. After waves of powerful civil disobedience, the British finally withdrew from India in 1947. France retreated from Syria and Lebanon, and a revolution in Egypt put an end to British occupation in 1952.

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I also owe many others. To this day, when I sit down to re-read Aimé Césaire’s Discourse on Colonialism, I can’t help but feel that he said in 1950 everything that I have tried to say in this book, everything that has bubbled within me for so long, only more brilliantly. So too with figures like Frantz Fanon, Mahatma Gandhi, Walter Rodney, Julius Nyerere, and many others. And then there are those who said more with their lives than with their words – who risked everything in the struggle for a fairer world, and were killed for their efforts. From Patrice Lumumba to Salvadore Allende, all the way up to Berta Cáceres – I count them among my ancestors.

The Key Man: The True Story of How the Global Elite Was Duped by a Capitalist Fairy Tale
by Simon Clark and Will Louch
Published 14 Jul 2021

Named after Queen Victoria, Empress of India, the market was built in the 1880s on a plot of land where British soldiers executed local freedom fighters by blowing them to pieces with cannonballs. When the British gave up the empire at midnight on August 14, 1947, they divided the land into two new nations: the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Republic of India. The pacifist politician Mahatma Gandhi had dreamed of creating one free and united India for citizens of all religions but his vision didn’t come true. Pakistan was made for Muslims, and India was dominated by Hindus. People migrated by foot, ox cart, and train across the new border—to or from Pakistan depending on their religion—with millions suffering injury, rape, or death in the violent transition.

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Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel Prize laureate who pioneered providing microloans to poor people in Bangladesh, appeared on the screen. “If we imagine today what kind of world we want, then that’s the world we create,” he said. “If we do not imagine, it will not be done.” Martin Luther King marches, a man hacks at the Berlin Wall, Mahatma Gandhi prays, an Egyptian girl cheers the Arab Spring, African boys smile on a dusty road. “It’s neither pragmatism nor inspiration that drives me,” the Scottish singer Annie Lennox said in the film. “It’s more the passion.” A moment of silence. Then a word flashed in red in ten different languages: AMBITION.

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As the Canadian billionaire cried out and punched the air, Sir Ronald leaped to his feet with the rest of the audience and chanted with his fist jabbing skyward. “Si, se puede,” Sir Ronald cried. With the audience suitably warmed up, the star attractions entered. Arif and Richard Branson were there to represent the ambition of Mandela. Skoll was anointing them as heirs to a line of civic heroes going back to Martin Luther King and Mahatma Gandhi. Their ambition was not supposed to be like Macbeth’s. In William Shakespeare’s tragic play, the scheming Scottish lord who plots treachery and deception becomes trapped in a downward spiral of crime and depravity. Macbeth asks the stars in the sky to hide their light to cover his black and deep desires.

Brit-Myth: Who Do the British Think They Are?
by Chris Rojek
Published 15 Feb 2008

Heroes do what is good, just and right, and even though they may be ambiguous or flawed characters they often sacrifice themselves to show humanity at its best and most humane (www.filmsite.org/afi100 heroesvilla.html) Three British characters feature in the top 50: James Bond (Dr No); T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia); and Robin Hood (The Adventures of Robin Hood). Six British actors feature in the top 50: Sean Connery (James Bond, Dr No); Peter O’Toole (T. E. Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia); Liam Neeson (Oskar Schindler, Schindler’s List); Ben Kingsley (Mahatma Gandhi, Gandhi); Alec Guinness (Obi-Wan Kenobi, Star Wars); and Charlie Chaplin (The Tramp, City Lights). Oddly, only two of these roles are about genuinely British heroes from national history and literature: James Bond and T. E. Lawrence. Moreover, 134 BRIT-MYTH the actors employed to play them have an ambivalent relationship to British national identity.

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The remaining four British actors in Hollywood’s top six may bring national qualities to their performances, but the parts that they play are not heroes purported to distil the essence of British national life. Neeson, a Northern Irishman, plays Oskar Schindler, an ethnic German born in Austro-Hungary, with a Londonderry air of calculated insouciance and noblesse oblige; Kingsley’s Mahatma Gandhi is a scourge of the British in India; Alec Guinness’s Obi-Wan Kenobi is a creation of science fiction; and the Tramp, portrayed by Lambeth-born Charlie Chaplin, is a representation of the romantic, urban everyman. These actors aren’t portraying British characters. Nonetheless, their interpretation of the roles is recognized by audiences as bringing something recognizably heroic and British to the films.

Shadows of Empire: The Anglosphere in British Politics
by Michael Kenny and Nick Pearce
Published 5 Jun 2018

Churchill was known as somebody ready to advocate military action by Britain to defend its imperial interests and willing to break with mainstream orthodoxy in defending such a stance. He urged a firm military response during the 1920s in the face of the growing nationalist movement in India, a position that was seen as defying credibility in official circles. And in 1931 he reacted with fury to the news of negotiations between the viceroy of India and Mahatma Gandhi for a political truce after the latter had launched a campaign of civil disobedience. In an address to the Council of the West Essex Unionist Association, he declared: It is alarming and also nauseating to see Mr. Gandhi, an Inner Temple lawyer, now become a seditious fakir of a type well known in the East, striding half-naked up the steps of the Palace, while he is still organizing and conducting a defiant campaign of civil disobedience. … The truth is that Gandhi-ism and all it stands for will have to be grappled with and finally crushed.6 These diehard motifs were important elements in his thinking about India in particular, and the British Empire more generally, but they were not the whole story.7 Churchill also held with some consistency to several key principles that tended to shape his various judgements about the imperial situations and issues with which he engaged.

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Notes 1  Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (London: Folio Society, 2002). 2  See, for instance, Daniel Hannan, How We Invented Freedom and Why it Matters (London: Head of Zeus, 2013). 3  Srdjan Vucetic, The Anglosphere: A Genealogy of a Racialized Identity in International Relations (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011). 4  William Roger Louis, Speak for England: Leo Amery and the British Empire in the Age of Churchill (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013). 5  Richard Toye, Churchill's Empire: The World that Made Him and the World he Made (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2015). 6  ‘The “half-naked”, “seditious fakir”, Mahatma Gandhi's Writings, Philosophy, Audio, Video and Photographs, www.mkgandhi.org/students/thiswasbapu/144halfnakedfakir.htm. 7  Churchill's role in the Bengal famine of 1943 has long been the subject of considerable historical controversy and has been raised most recently by Shashi Tharoor, in ‘The ugly Briton’, Time, 29 November 2010; http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2031992,00.html. 8  Peter Clarke, The Locomotive of War: Money, Power, Empire and Guilt (London: Bloomsbury, 2017). 9  Chris Schoeman, Churchill's South Africa: Travels during the Anglo-Boer War (London: Zebra Press, 2014). 10  Carroll Kilpatrick, Mahan's foremost disciples, VQR: A National Journal of Literature & Discussion, 93/3 (2017), www.vqronline.org/mahan%E2%80%99s-foremost-disciples. 11  For a balanced discussion of his subsequently notorious views, see Toye, Churchill's Empire, p. 145. 12  John Ramsden, Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and the Legend since 1945 (London: HarperCollins, 2002); and John Charmley, Churchill: The End of Glory (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993). 13  Christopher Hitchens, Blood, Class and Nostalgia: Anglo-American Ironies (London: Vintage, 1991), pp. 203–4. 14  Benn Steil, The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014), p. 332. 15  John Darwin, The Empire Project (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). 16  Charmley, Churchill. 17  Ramsden, Man of the Century, p. 508.

Lonely Planet Sri Lanka
by Lonely Planet

Inside the courtyard are some dishevelled, yet colonnaded, old colonial buildings. Look for English cannons, surviving watchtowers and a ruined bell tower. Views across the lagoon are magnificent. There's a tiny museum with several intriguing items labelled, alas, only in Tamil and you can glimpse the old jail (now a store). Mahatma Gandhi ParkPARK ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Bazaar St, Puliyanthivu) This lovely modern park along Old Batti's waterfront is popular with strolling couples and includes features such as the Batticaloa Gate, which was a 19th-century welcoming arch to the harbour. St Mary’s CathedralCHURCH ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; St Mary’s St, Puliyanthivu) The grand, turquoise-coloured St Mary’s Cathedral stands out among the many churches in Batti.

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Old Park VillaHOTEL$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-222 3790; www.oldparkvillajaffna.com; 76 Kandy Rd; s/d incl breakfast from Rs 4000/5000; aW) A stylish converted heritage villa, with seven tastefully decorated rooms that feature handsome dark-wood furniture and ochre paintwork, and a lovely lounge with tribal artefacts. It's in a quiet setting back from the road. Excellent food is available, including Western breakfasts. oJetwing Jaffna HotelHOTEL$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-221 5571; www.jetwinghotels.com; 37 Mahatma Gandhi Rd; r from US$100; aW) The big news in Jaffna is literally this high-rise hotel. The 55 rooms are compact but have intricate art, mod style and balconies. Those on higher floors have sweeping views of the region. Service is up to Jetwing's corporate standards. The rooftop bar is probably the best place in town for an evening cocktail.

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Cosy RestaurantNORTH INDIAN$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-222 5899; 15 Sirampiyadi Lane, Stanley Rd; meals Rs 250-700; h11am-11pm; W) The lovely open courtyard seating is popular here as is the Jaffna-style crab curry. The big attraction is the tandoori oven, which fires up at 6pm daily and pumps out delicious naan bread, tikkas and tandoori chicken. It's BYOB. oJetwing Jaffna Rooftop BarROOFTOP BAR ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %021-221 5571; www.jetwinghotels.com; 37 Mahatma Gandhi Rd; h6-11pm; W) It gets no points for creative naming, but this place makes up for it with the sensational views. The rooftop bar at the hotel is breezy and has a variety of seating. It has a full range of cocktails and some light snacks. Make certain your beer is cold. 3Entertainment Jaffna Cultural CentrePERFORMING ARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; Esplanade Rd) Wow!

Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking
by Susan Cain
Published 24 Jan 2012

She would leave on her own, she said quietly. “Get off my bus,” Blake sputtered in response. Parks complied, but not before deliberately dropping her purse on her way out and sitting on a “white” seat as she picked it up. “Intuitively, she had engaged in an act of passive resistance, a precept named by Leo Tolstoy and embraced by Mahatma Gandhi,” writes the historian Douglas Brinkley in a wonderful biography of Parks. It was more than a decade before King popularized the idea of nonviolence and long before Parks’s own training in civil disobedience, but, Brinkley writes, “such principles were a perfect match for her own personality.”

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And I don’t care what they sell it for. The painting itself will never be finished. That’s one of the great things about it.” Part Three DO ALL CULTURES HAVE AN EXTROVERT IDEAL? 8 SOFT POWER Asian-Americans and the Extrovert Ideal In a gentle way, you can shake the world. —MAHATMA GANDHI It’s a sunny spring day in 2006, and Mike Wei, a seventeen-year-old Chinese-born senior at Lynbrook High School near Cupertino, California, is telling me about his experiences as an Asian-American student. Mike is dressed in sporty all-American attire of khakis, windbreaker, and baseball cap, but his sweet, serious face and wispy mustache give him the aura of a budding philosopher, and he speaks so softly that I have to lean forward to hear him.

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We find so many people impatient to talk. All this talking can hardly be said to be of any benefit to the world. It is so much waste of time. My shyness has been in reality my shield and buckler. It has allowed me to grow. It has helped me in my discernment of truth. Soft power is not limited to moral exemplars like Mahatma Gandhi. Consider, for example, the much-ballyhooed excellence of Asians in fields like math and science. Professor Ni defines soft power as “quiet persistence,” and this trait lies at the heart of academic excellence as surely as it does in Gandhi’s political triumphs. Quiet persistence requires sustained attention—in effect restraining one’s reactions to external stimuli.

Hidden Figures
by Margot Lee Shetterly
Published 11 Aug 2016

Foreigners who traveled to the United States often experienced the caste system firsthand. In 1947, a Mississippi hotel denied service to the Haitian secretary of agriculture, who had come to the state to attend an international conference. The same year, a restaurant in the South banned Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi’s personal doctor from its premises because of his dark skin. Diplomats traveling from New York to Washington along Route 40 were often rejected if they stopped for a meal at restaurants in Maryland. The humiliations, so commonplace in the United States that they barely raised eyebrows, much less the interest of the press, were the talk of the town in the envoys’ home countries.

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On the third day, sixty students converged upon the Woolworth’s, and by the fourth, three hundred had joined the demonstration. Participating were students from Bennett College, an all-black women’s college in Greensboro, as well as white students from Guilford College and the Women’s College of the University of North Carolina. Within a week, the protests, inspired by the nonviolent actions of India’s Mahatma Gandhi, spread to other cities in North Carolina, and then crossed the borders into Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. The students started calling their protests “sit-downs” or “sit-ins.” The prison sentences that often attended their activism did nothing to quell their ardor. “Dear Mom and Dad: I am writing this letter tonight from a cell in the Greensboro jail.

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Joanne Cavanaugh Simpson, “Sound Reasoning,” Hopkins Magazine, September 2003. 102 Eastman Jacobs, known for his left-leaning sympathies: 102 hours questioning Pearl Young: Pearl Young interview. 102 “New York communist people”: Ibid. 102 “practically impossible New York Jews”: Ibid. 102 caused a scandal: Ibid. 102 a “black computer”: Sugenia Johnson interview. 102 Air Scoop published a long list of organizations: “List of groups compiled in Connection with Employees Loyalty Program,” Air Scoop, October 26, 1951. 103 denied service to the Haitian secretary of agriculture: Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), 871. 103 Mahatma Gandhi’s personal doctor: Ibid., 878. 104 “Untouchability Banished in India: Worshipped in America”: Ibid., 755. 104 At the start of the Korean War: “The Beginnings of a New Era for African Americans in the Armed Services,” State of New Jersey, http://www.nj.gov/military/korea/factsheets/afroamer.html. 104 were called up: “Tan Yanks Face Action in Korea,” Norfolk Journal and Guide, July 8, 1950. 104 “The laboratory has one work unit composed entirely of Negro women”: Johnson, “Fair Employment.” 105 science textbooks and racial harmony: Walter McDougall, The Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the Space Age (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 8. 105 Christine Richie: Christine Richie, personal interview, July 20, 2014. 105 through the college grapevine: Elizabeth Kittrell Taylor, personal interview, July 12, 2014.

Rich White Men: What It Takes to Uproot the Old Boys' Club and Transform America
by Garrett Neiman
Published 19 Jun 2023

Tap here to learn more. The mine owners do not find the gold, they do not mine the gold, they do not mill the gold, but by some weird alchemy all the gold belongs to them. —BILL HAYWOOD, GOLD MINER AND UNION LEADER The world has enough for everyone’s needs, but not everyone’s greed. —MAHATMA GANDHI, INDIAN LAWYER AND NONVIOLENT REVOLUTIONARY FOREWORD Dr. Robin DiAngelo When I first introduced the term white fragility in an article by the same name in 2011, I had no idea the extent to which it would speak to people across a range of racial identities. When I turned that article into a more accessible book, countless newly awakened white people—moved by the racial uprising during the Summer of 2020—found it an invaluable guide to understanding our socialization into and collusion with systemic racism.

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In meetings since, I’ve strived to summon the sense of urgency that comes with knowing people are unnecessarily meeting death in this moment. I’ve also strived to feel connected to the thousands of family and community members who are grieving those they’ve lost. Every hour that America maintains the status quo condemns more people to death. “Poverty,” Mahatma Gandhi once said, “is the worst form of violence.”17 One of the ways that poverty is different than cancer is that there is already a known cure. In his final book, Where Do We Go from Here, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called for the government to provide every American a guaranteed, middle-class income.

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After I learned about Stanley Levison, I began discovering other elites who played similar roles in historical social movements. One of those men is Parsee Rustomjee, an Indian-South African philanthropist and businessman who was the largest South African contributor to the satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) and is known for his role as an adviser and financial sponsor of Mahatma Gandhi. Rustomjee was imprisoned on multiple occasions for his activism; he also endured threats, such as those from white South Africans who threatened to burn down his house and property while he was offering up his home to Gandhi and his sons for their protection. Like Levison, Rustomjee was willing to take significant risks in the name of justice.

Dreyer's English: An Utterly Correct Guide to Clarity and Style
by Benjamin Dreyer
Published 15 Jan 2019

T. S. ELIOT Person ultimately responsible for Cats. This is your reminder always to look up Eliots, Elyots, Elliots, and Elliotts. PHILEAS FOGG Hero of Jules Verne’s La tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours, a.k.a. Around the World in Eighty Days. Not “Phineas.” MAHATMA GANDHI Nonviolent revolutionary. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. “Mahatma,” by the way, isn’t a name per se. It’s a Sanskrit honorific, meaning “great soul.” All that taken into account, the surname is not “Ghandi,” as it’s misspelled with dismaying frequency. THEODOR GEISEL A.k.a.

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If I’ve inspired you to give it an extra thought every time you’re about to write or say the words “only” and “just,” I feel I’ve done my job. *2  Copy editor’s addendum: “For me, it was candles ‘guttering’ and ‘tang’ used for smell; both were used so often in literary fiction, I’d begun to think they were handed out with the MFA.” *3  Also, in no particular order, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Voltaire, Mahatma Gandhi, and (impudently and absurdly, given how easily traceable every word he ever wrote is) William Shakespeare. *4  “The very existence of self-help books is all the evidence you need that they don’t work,” a former colleague of mine once quipped—perhaps more cleverly than truthfully, but the quip business is built more on rat-a-tat effectiveness than on strict accuracy

From the Ruins of Empire: The Intellectuals Who Remade Asia
by Pankaj Mishra
Published 3 Sep 2012

As it turned out, Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan’s political influence over Indian Muslims would fade, and the more vigorous campaign in support of the Ottoman caliphate would come in the early 1920s in the form of a countrywide agitation – the first major mass movement of Muslim India – backed by the great Hindu leader, Mahatma Gandhi. As Akbar Illahabadi would write, explaining the joint campaign for the caliphate by Gandhi and the Indian Muslim leader Maulana Muhammad Ali: ‘Maulana has not blundered, nor has Gandhi hatched conspiracies / What blows them on the same course is the gale of Western policies.’94 Al-Afghani may have anticipated this nationalist moment by stressing the need for Hindu-Muslim unity in India.

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See also the chapter by Sugata Bose, ‘The Spirit and Form of an Ethical Policy: A Meditation on Aurobindo’s Thought’, in An Intellectual History for India (Delhi, 2010) edited by Shruti Kapila. The Aurobindo Ashram’s website has all his prose works in easily downloadable PDF format. And B. Parekh’s Colonialism, Tradition and Reform (London, 1989) and Dennis Dalton, Mahatma Gandhi: Non-Violent Power in Action (New York, 2000) still stand out from among the mass of books on this subject. 6. ASIA REMADE John D. Pierson’s Tokutomi Soh, 1863 – 1957: A Journalist for Modern Japan is an excellent introduction to Japan’s geopolitical trajectory in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Metzger’s Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture (New York, 1986) is a provocative look at the Confucian underpinnings of Communist China. On the Confucian revival, see Daniel Bell, China’s New Confucianism: Politics and Everyday Life in a Changing Society (Princeton, 2008). Notes PROLOGUE 1 Quoted in Rotem Kowner (ed.), The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War (London, 2006), p. 20. 2 Gandhi, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 4, http://www.gandhiserve.org/cwmg/VOL004.PDF, p. 470. 3 Jawaharlal Nehru, Autobiography (1936; repr. edn New Delhi, 1989), p. 16. 4 Ibid., p.18. 5 Marius B. Jansen, The Japanese and Sun Yat-sen (Princeton, 1970), p. 117. 6 John D. Pierson, Tokutomi Soh 1863 – 1957: A Journalist for Modern Japan (Princeton, 1980), p. 143. 7 Ibid., p. 279. 8 Benoy Kumar Sarkar, ‘The futurism of young Asia’, International Journal of Ethics, 28, 4 (July 1918), p. 536. 9 Quoted in Cemil Aydin, The Politics of Anti- Westernism: Visions of World Order in Pan-Islamic and Pan-Asian Thought (New York, 2007), p. 76. 10 Quoted in Kowner (ed.), Impact of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 242. 11 Philip Short, Mao: A Life (London, 2004), p. 37. 12 Ibid., p. 38. 13 Kowner (ed.), Impact of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 230. 14 Sun Yat-sen, ‘Pan-Asianism’, China and Japan: Natural Friends – Unnatural Enemies (Shanghai, 1941), p. 143. 15 Gandhi, Collected Works, vol. 4, p. 471. 1.

The Zionist Ideas: Visions for the Jewish Homeland—Then, Now, Tomorrow
by Gil Troy
Published 14 Apr 2018

The great values we have produced issued from the marriage of a people and a faith. We cannot substitute a technical association of nation and religion for this original marriage, without incurring barrenness. The values of Israel cannot be reborn outside the sphere of this union and its uniqueness. . . . An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi (1939) You, Mahatma Gandhi, who know of the connection between tradition and future, should not associate yourself with those who pass over our cause without understanding or sympathy. But you say—and I consider it to be the most significant of all the things you tell us—that Palestine belongs to the Arabs and that it is therefore “wrong and inhuman to impose the Jews on the Arabs.” . . .

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Berdichevski, Micah Joseph “Wrecking and Building,” “In Two Directions,” and “On Sanctity” all reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 293–94, 295–96, and 293–94. Buber, Martin “Hebrew Humanism” and “An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi” both reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 453–56 and 463–65. Schechter, Solomon “Zionism: A Statement” from Seminary Addresses and Other Papers, translated by Arthur Hertzberg (New York: 1915), reproduced from The Zionist Idea, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, by permission of the University of Nebraska Press, copyright © 1997 Arthur Hertzberg (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society), 91–104, 504–13.

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Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Brenner, Joseph Hayyim. “Self-Criticism (1914).” In The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, 307–13. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Buber, Martin. “Hebrew Humanism” and “An Open Letter to Mahatma Gandhi.” In The Zionist Idea: A Historical Analysis and Reader, edited by Arthur Hertzberg, 453–56 and 463–65. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1959, 1997. Central Conference of American Rabbis. “A Statement of Principles for Reform Judaism,” May 1999. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/reform-judaism-modern-statement-of-principles-1999; “The Columbus Platform,” 1937. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-columbus-platform-1937; “A Centenary Perspective,” 1976. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/100.htm.

The London Compendium
by Ed Glinert
Published 30 Jun 2004

The station closed in 1990 when the tunnel under Snow Hill was reopened and a new station, the clumsily named City Thameslink, was built a little further to the south to cater for trains running between Bedford and Brighton. City Temple, Holborn Viaduct at Shoe Lane Built in 1874, City Temple became the leading centre for Nonconformity in nineteenth-century London and was run by the Revd Joseph Parker, a radical firebrand whose telegraphic address was simply ‘Preacher, London’, who attracted the young Mahatma Gandhi to services. In the 1920s two of the first million-selling records, Master Ernest Luff’s ‘O for the Wings of a Dove’ and the Temple choir’s version of Mendelssohn’s ‘Hear My Prayer’, were recorded at the church. Martin Luther King Jnr spoke at City Temple about racial tyranny in December 1964 before going to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.

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Past members include the Elizabethan courtier Sir Walter Ralegh, the diarist John Evelyn, the playwright William Congreve and the novelists Henry Fielding, William Makepeace Thackeray and John Buchan. The Inner Temple lies further east and its sites are decorated with the winged horse, Pegasus. Past members include Dr Johnson’s biographer James Boswell, the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the librettist W. S. Gilbert, Dracula author Bram Stoker and the Indian leaders Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. There are helpful maps on the walls (one by the porch on Middle Temple Lane and one by Carpmael Buildings), marked with sites of mostly literary interest. Inner Temple Lane Temple Church The first Gothic church to be built in London, erected between 1160 and 1185 in the style of the Church of the Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and consecrated by Heraclius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1185, Temple Church was where in the thirteenth century initiation rites welcoming newcomers into the order of the Knights Templar, the warrior monks after whom the Temple is named, took place.

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It stands on the site of the house where Charles Dickens lived from 1851 to 1860 and wrote Bleak House (1853), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1857) and parts of A Tale of Two Cities (1859). The gardens opposite contain a memorial stone dedicated to conscientious objectors, unveiled by the composer Michael Tippett in 1994, and a statue of the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi designed by the Polish born artist Fredda Brilliant. (ii) around the British Museum Bedford Square Bloomsbury’s oldest complete Georgian square, spoilt by over-zealous pedestrianization, Bedford Square was financed by the money that flowed into London after the 1763 Peace of Paris, a treaty which recognized the independence of the American colonies and, according to the 4th Duke of Bedford, ‘excited a rage for building’.

The Sociopath Next Door
by Martha Stout
Published 8 Feb 2005

It induces the exhausted doctor to pick up the phone for his frightened patient at three in the morning. It blows whistles against institutions when lives are endangered. It takes to the streets to protest a war. Conscience is what makes the human rights worker risk her very life. When it is combined with surpassing moral courage, it is Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi. In small and large ways, genuine conscience changes the world. Rooted in emotional connectedness, it teaches peace and opposes hatred and saves children. It keeps marriages together and cleans up rivers and feeds dogs and gives gentle replies. It makes individual lives better and increases human dignity overall.

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Beginning in our genes and spiraling outward to all of our cultures, beliefs, and many religions, it is the shadow of the whisper of the beginning of an understanding that we are all one. And whatever its origins, this is the essence of conscience. The_Sociopath_Next_Door TEN bernie's choice: why conscience is better Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. —Mahatma Gandhi If you could be completely free of conscience—no moral scruples and no guilt at all—what do you think you would do with your life? When I ask people this question, as I often have, the typical response is, “Oh wow,” or “Oh my goodness,” followed by a silence during which they wrinkle their faces in mental effort, as if someone had asked them a question in a language they only half-understood.

The Education of a Value Investor: My Transformative Quest for Wealth, Wisdom, and Enlightenment
by Guy Spier
Published 8 Sep 2014

At first, I approached this idea in a calculated and self-serving manner, hoping that my attempts to build “social capital” would lead me to greater financial and professional success. But the relationships that I began to form were so life enriching that my cynical motives gradually receded. I’m not saying that I’m Mahatma Gandhi. But my deepening bonds with great people became a source of such sincere joy to me that I no longer needed any hidden agenda: these friendships became a wonderful end in themselves, not a means to self-advancement. Serendipitously, I’m writing these words in the Delamar Greenwich Harbor Hotel in Connecticut—the very place where I had my first dinner with Mohnish a decade ago, on February 11, 2004.

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Or, A Good Hard Look at Wall Street by Fred Schwed Your Money and Your Brain: How the New Science of Neuroeconomics Can Help Make You Rich by Jason Zweig Literature 100 Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez Hamlet by William Shakespeare Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard Bach Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values by Robert Pirsig Miscellaneous Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with the Truth by Mahatma Gandhi City Police by Jonathan Rubinstein Endurance: Shackleton’s Incredible Voyage by Alfred Lansing Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela by Nelson Mandela Metaphors We Live By by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson Reagan: A Life in Letters by Ronald Reagan The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right by Atul Gawande The Hero with a Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell The New British Constitution by Vernon Bogdanor The Power of Myth by Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers Vor 1914: Erinnerungen an Frankfurt geschrieben in Israel by Selmar Spier Walden: or, Life in the Woods by Henry David Thoreau Why America Is Not a New Rome by Vaclav Smil Philosophy and Theology A Theory of Justice by John Rawls Anarchy, the State, and Utopia by Robert Nozick Destination Torah: Reflections on the Weekly Torah Readings by Isaac Sassoon Halakhic Man by Joseph Soloveitchik Letters from a Stoic by Lucius Annaeus Seneca Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Pirke Avot: A Modern Commentary on Jewish Ethics by Leonard Kravits and Kerry Olitzky Plato, not Prozac!

Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
by Edward L. Glaeser
Published 1 Jan 2011

Bangalore’s wealth comes not from industrial might (although it still makes plenty of textiles) but from its strength as a city of ideas. By concentrating so much talent in one place, Bangalore makes it easier for that talent to teach itself and for outsiders, whether from Singapore or Silicon Valley, to connect easily with Indian human capital. Echoing antiurbanites throughout the ages, Mahatma Gandhi said that “the true India is to be found not in its few cities, but in its 700,000 villages” and “the growth of the nation depends not on cities, but [on] its villages.” The great man was wrong. India’s growth depends almost entirely on its cities. There is a near-perfect correlation between urbanization and prosperity across nations.

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Statistics Canada, Perspectives, Dec. 2008, www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2008112/pdf/10766-eng.pdf. Galatas, Roger, and Jim Barlow. The Woodlands: The Inside Story of Creating a Better Hometown. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 2004. Galloni, Alessandra. “Miuccia and Me.” Wall Street Journal Magazine, Mar. 2010. Gandhi, Mahatma. Mahatma Gandhi: The Essential Writings, ed. Judith Margaret Brown. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Gans, Herbert J. The Levittowners: Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. Gari, L. “Arabic Treatises on Environmental Pollution up to the End of the Thirteenth Century.”

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Joseph P. Kennedy: A Life and Times. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974. Krueger, Alan B. “How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-1989.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108, no. 1 (Feb 1993): 33-60. Kumar, Satish. “The Whole Truth of a Home Economy.” In Mahatma Gandhi: 125 Years, ed. Manmohan Choudhuri and Ramjee Singh. Varanasi, India: Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Gandhian Institute of Studies, 1995. LaFranchi, Howard. “New Look on the Left Bank in Paris.” Christian Science Monitor, Aug. 14, 1989. Landau, Sarah Brandford, and Carl W. Condit. The Rise of the New York Skyscraper 1865-1913.

Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom
by Katherine Eban
Published 13 May 2019

And then one day in 2001, he made an announcement that attached a whole new set of words to Indian drug makers: iconoclasts, visionaries, saviors. But Dr. Hamied’s story—and the launch of India’s modern-day pharmaceutical industry—really began a century ago, in an ashram. Not just any ashram, but the Sabarmati Ashram founded by Mahatma Gandhi in what today is Ahmedabad, in the western state of Gujarat. From there, India’s most revered activist set about trying to liberate India from British rule, through what became known as the noncooperation movement. Around 1920, Gandhi began urging all Indians to turn their backs on anything British.

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Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, a renowned evangelist for Indian science, advanced a theory: India’s scientists excelled at rethinking old processes and making them more efficient because of their engineering excellence and experience of destitution. The result, said Mashelkar, was “Gandhian innovation.” One of Mahatma Gandhi’s essential tenets held that the inventions of science should be for the public benefit. Because Indians had minimal resources, Mashelkar argued, they had developed a “clever way of doing things” that delivered more benefits to more people at a lower cost. Some still viewed Indian drug companies as bottom-feeders, living off the remnants of painstaking research and innovation.

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In Nevada, there wasn’t much doctors could do to save the woman. Their bigger concern was saving other patients from the same fate. The hospital immediately set up an isolation room so that the infection wouldn’t spread, and the staff donned masks, gloves, and gowns while caring for the woman. In less than a month, she was dead. What started in Mahatma Gandhi’s ashram as a campaign of Indian self-reliance had morphed into a pharmaceutical rescue mission for the world’s most unfortunate patients. Dr. Hamied’s revolution, as it thundered along, offered generic drug companies the chance to act as global equalizers and make the same cures available to the wealthy and impoverished alike.

Empire of Cotton: A Global History
by Sven Beckert
Published 2 Dec 2014

Europeans had remained marginal to networks of cotton growing, manufacturing, and consumption. Even after they began importing small quantities of cotton cloth during Greek and Roman times, they remained of little importance to the global cotton industry as a whole. People dressed, as they had since the Bronze Age, in clothing made from flax and wool. As Mahatma Gandhi put it, while India supplied Europe with cottons, Europeans themselves “were submerged in barbarism, ignorance and a state of wilderness.”36 Cotton, quite simply, was exotic to Europe. The fiber grew in faraway lands, and many Europeans reportedly imagined cotton as a mixture of a plant and an animal—a “vegetable lamb.”

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The Commerce and Industries Department reported with some regret of “the difficulty of penetrating too many of the up-country markets, the effects of custom, of caste, of religious beliefs, of the barter system, and so on, has prevented the process from proceeding with the rapidity which it would otherwise have attained.” As late as 1920, there were still about 2.5 million handloom weavers remaining in India. Even Mahatma Gandhi, who made the devastating impact of colonialism on domestic industry a key aspect of his political campaigns, admitted in 1930 that “next to agriculture, hand-weaving is still the largest and most widespread industry throughout the whole of India”—not least because despite all the rapid advances, the capitalist reorganization of the countryside remained far from complete in the early twentieth century.32 If these adjustments did not suffice, weavers tried to reduce the costs of their product by moving production farther into the countryside and giving female household members a more prominent role in production.

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And the United States also had its own class of global South capitalists who had, just like their Indian counterparts, accumulated wealth in the trade of raw cotton, ready to move some of it into manufacturing enterprises. The exceptional combination of extensive territory and limited political, economic, and social integration between North and South was the envy of European capitalists—and the first harbinger of the global fate of European cotton manufactures as well.28 The empire strikes back: Mahatma Gandhi visits Lancashire, chatting with British cotton workers, 1931. By 1910, the cotton manufacturing industry of the U.S. South was the world’s third largest, after that of Great Britain and the northern states of the Union. This was an amazing departure. At the end of the Civil War there had been hardly any significant cotton manufacturing in the states of the former Confederacy, and as late as 1879 there were seventeen times as many spindles in the North than in the South.

The Lies That Bind: Rethinking Identity
by Kwame Anthony Appiah
Published 27 Aug 2018

In his first book, Childhood and Society, published in 1950, he uses the term in more than one way; crucially, though, he recognizes the importance of social roles and group memberships in shaping one’s sense of self, which he called, in psychoanalytic language, an “ego identity.” Later on, Erikson explored the crises of identity in the lives of Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi, and published books with titles like Identity and the Life Cycle (1959), Identity: Youth and Crisis (1968), and Dimensions of a New Identity (1974). Erikson, who grew up in southwest Germany, told a tale of his own origins that sits right at the heart of our contemporary notions. My stepfather was the only professional man (and a highly respected one) in an intensely Jewish small bourgeois family, while I (coming from a racially mixed Scandinavian background) was blond and blue-eyed, and grew flagrantly tall.

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Yet, in ways we’ll explore, these contrasting notions of culture are locked together in our concept of Western culture, which many people think defines the identity of modern Western people. In this final chapter, I’m going to talk about culture as a source of identity, and to try to untangle some of our confusions about the culture, both Tylorian and Arnoldian, of what we’ve come to call the West. You may have heard this story: someone asked Mahatma Gandhi what he thought of Western civilization, and he replied: “I think it would be a very good idea.” Like many of the best stories, alas, this one is probably apocryphal; but also like many of the best stories, it has survived because it has the flavor of truth. I have been arguing that many of our thoughts about the identities that define us are misleading, and that we would have a better grasp on the real challenges that face us if we thought about them in new ways.

Less Is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World
by Jason Hickel
Published 12 Aug 2020

Instead of pursuing growth for its own sake and hoping that it will magically improve people’s lives, the goal must be to focus on improving people’s lives first and foremost – and if that requires or entails economic growth, then so be it. In other words, organise the economy around the needs of humans and ecology, rather than the other way around. This approach to development has a long history in the global South. It was championed by anti-colonial leaders including Mahatma Gandhi, Patrice Lumumba, Salvador Allende, Julius Nyerere, Thomas Sankara and dozens of other figures who insisted on a human-centred economics, with an emphasis on the principles of justice, welfare and self-sufficiency. But perhaps no one from that era expressed these ideas more succinctly than Frantz Fanon, the revolutionary intellectual from Martinique, when in the 1960s he penned these words that I think continue to resonate today: Come, then, comrades, the European game has finally ended; we must find something different.

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Their works have been signposts along the way. But this list only barely scratches the surface. And I cannot leave out the towering figures whose words – and lives – I find myself returning to over and over again, for grounding and direction: Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Thomas Sankara, Berta Cáceres, Mahatma Gandhi, Patrice Lumumba, Samir Amin. They guide me as the ancestors. I am also grateful to the students I’ve engaged with while teaching: at Schumacher College, at the London School of Economics, at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, at Goldsmiths and elsewhere. I’ve encountered more than a few classrooms that have expanded my horizons and given me new ways to think and speak.

India's Long Road
by Vijay Joshi
Published 21 Feb 2017

The state could continue with price stabilization via buffer stocks but it could get out of the business of distribution, in which the private sector has a comparative advantage. Up to two-​thirds of government spending on food subsidies could thus be saved and used for other socially desirable purposes. The second pillar of the social protection framework is the Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), initiated by an Act in 2006 and rolled out across the country by 2008.10 It guarantees, S a f e t y N e t s a n d S o ci a l P r o t e c t i o n [ 203 ] 204 as a legislated right, up to 100 days of employment a year to any rural household at a specified minimum wage indexed to the cost of living.

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References [ 335 ] 336 ╇ 337 INDEX Aadhar card, 206, 207, 214, 304 and Aadhar-╉linked bank accounts, 207, 214, 287, 304 administration, see government administration advanced countries (ACs), 53, 65, 97, 129, 132, 141, 145, 188, 202, 255, 257, 262, 263–╉4, 266–╉8, 277, 298 Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), 269, 298 agriculture, 55, 67–╉70, 93, 100–╉4, 121, 126, 141–╉2, 163, 229, 248, 267, 292–╉3, 296, 309 exports, 103 marketing, 101, 293, 309 price controls in, 102 public investment in, 102, 293, 296, 309 reform in, 100–╉4, 292–╉3 share in GDP, 67–╉8 subsidies in, 102–╉3, 293, 296, 309 surplus labour from, 70 trade liberalization in, 103, 267 workers in, 66–╉7 Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs), 101 air quality, 124–╉6 ASEAN, 265 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 266, 298 backward states, 29 balance of payments, 22, 139–╉40, 155–╉9, 248–╉50, 254, 259, 299 Bangladesh, 28, 176, 186, 187 Bank Investment Company (BIC), 118, 295 bankruptcy, 7, 97–╉9, 154–╉5, 291, 294 Basel committee on Bank Regulation (BCBR), 258 Basel III standards, 258 basic income, 197, 210–╉15, 216–╉19, 285–╉8, 293, 303–╉4 cost of providing, 216–╉19 recommended magnitude of, 212, 214, 216–╉19 universal, 211, 212, 214–╉15, 216–╉19 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 22–╉3, 24–╉5, 227–╉8, 278, 311–╉12 -╉led NDA government, 117 see also Modi Government black money, 237–╉8 Board of Industrial and Financial Restructuring (BIFR), 97–╉8 business houses, 61, 62 capital, 26, 52–╉3, 69–╉70, 72, 105, 248, 258, 291 accumulation of, 52–╉3, 58–╉60, 312; see also investment -╉intensive sectors, 69, 80 markets, 97–╉9 movements, 155, 159, 252, 262, 267 of banks, 154, 258, 284, 295 per worker, 52, 52 physical capital, 52–╉3 reform of capital markets, 97–╉9, 291 see also human capital; investment; environment capital capital account convertibility (CAC), 155, 159, 253, 262 capital controls, 155–╉6, 262–╉3 capital flows, 157, 250, 254, 282 volatility of, 262 338 capital-​output ratio, 19 capitalism, 60–​2 carbon tax, 130 cash transfers, 91, 164, 206–​14, 288, 296 objections to, 208 technology of, 206–​10 universal, 214–​15 see also basic income Central Government Public sector enterprises (CPSEs), 113–​23 Central Vigilance commission (CVC), 115, 234 Centre and States, 161, 228, 313–​15 child/​infant mortality, 20, 72, 125, 186 nutrition, 28, 186, 189 China, 6, 8–​10, 25, 28, 29, 55, 70, 72, 73, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132, 163, 176, 179, 185, 186, 249–​50, 252, 254, 255, 256–​7 Churchill, Winston, 3 civil servants, 43, 151, 233, 308 climate change, 128–​33 and India, 129–​33, 256–​7 and low-​carbon strategies, 131 and Paris Conference, 131-​2 coal, 88, 89, 114, 122, 130, 132, 214, 285 collective action, 42, 97, 226, 229, 306 companies, 26, 52, 61, 72, 78, 79–​80, 97–​8, 114–​16, 148, 153–​4, 284 competition, 26, 42–​3, 61, 92–​4, 115–​17, 120–​2, 181, 183–​5, 290, 303, 268, 313–​14 Competition Commission, 93, 283, 290 concentration, 61 conditional cash transfers (CCTs), 209–​10 Congress Party, 18, 22–​3, 24, 24, 25, 114, 227–​8, 229, 235, 278, 295, 301 contracts, 41–​3, 119–​21, 123, 230, 237, 308 contract labour, 67, 79, 290 Contract Labour Act (CLA), 79, 81, 82 contract teachers, 179, 182, 301–​2 controls, 18, 19, 43, 44, 87–​91 coordination, 37, 39, 43, 92, 104, 120, 152, 256, 264, 292 [ 338 ] Index corporate: investment, 23, 26–​7, 56, 59–​61, 145–​8, 285 savings, 26, 27 sector, 58, 61–​2, 154, 284 corruption, 22, 44, 74, 79, 96, 105, 185, 207–​8, 235–​43, 307–​10 courts, 234–​5 credit, 19, 25, 27, 74, 76, 99, 118, 188, 280–​1, 284 access to, 75–​6, 253 bank, 153–​4, 276 directed, 75 for small firms, 75, 295 short-​term, 22 wilful defaulters and, 99 criminal politicians, 238 crisis, 22, 23, 30, 157–​9, 259, 260, 280, 315 of 1991, 26 crony capitalism, 7, 8, 62, 105, 235–​43, 277, 283, 306–​7, 310, 313 crop insurance, 296, 309 cross-​border outsourcing, 70, 250, 263 crowding out, 151, 160 current account deficit, 23, 27, 59, 139, 155, 156, 156–​7, 248–​9, 253, 280–​1 debt overhang, 148, 153–​5, 284 decentralization, 179, 185, 232–​3, 306, 308, 314–​15 ‘deep fiscal adjustment’, 165, 279, 285–​8, 290, 300, 309–​10, 314 and economic reform, 91–​2, 163–​5, 212–​14, 285–​8 and universal basic income 285–​7 Modi government and, 287–​8 democracy, 3–​4, 9, 10, 18, 35, 36, 141, 225–​6, 229, 232–​3, 306, 311–​12, 315–​17 demographic transition, 52, 59, 72–​3 deprivation, 27–​30, 35, 201 devaluation, 18, 23, 252, 254 developing countries (DCs), 15, 27, 44, 53–​4, 130, 132, 141, 176, 252, 256, 263–​4 diesel, 88–​9, 126, 164, 287, 288 disadvantaged: castes, 306 groups, 28–​9, 204, 226, 228, 339 Doha Development Agenda, 300 Draft National Health Policy, 305 droughts, 17–​18, 22, 104, 130, 139, 141, 316 Ease of Doing Business, 60, 74, 75, 77, 94, 105, 284, 289–​90, 308 see also World Bank East Asia, 55, 68, 70, 71, 105, 155, 157, 247, 253, 265 East Asian crisis, 157, 253, 262 economic development, 8, 16, 35, 44, 67, 72, 101, 225, 230, 243, 277–​8 economic reform/​reforms, 54, 77–​82, 87–​91, 92–​4, 94–​7, 101–​4, 104–​5, 117, 119–​23, 126–​7, 130–​1, 151–​3, 154, 159, 162–​5, 182–​5, 188–​91, 195–​7, 210–​15, 233, 240–​3, 263–​9, 275–​308 in 1980s, 22, 24, 26 in 1991, 4, 26, 27 education, 19–​20, 37, 42–​3, 53–​5, 175–​85, 212–​13, 229–​32, 300–​2, 304–​5, 310 enrolment in, 28–​9, 176, 184 ‘free and compulsory’, 181, 231–​2 government schools and, 42, 179–​83, 229, 232, 301–​2 higher, 29, 184–​6, 302 pedagogic practices in, 179, 301 primary, 28–​9, 42, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 private providers in, 234 private schools in, 177, 172–​7, 301–​2 private universities in, 184, 185 quality of, 53, 179, 183, 301, 312 reform, 181–​5, 301–​2, 305 secondary, 29, 53, 71, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 teacher accountability in, 179, 301–​2, 305 teacher effort in, 179 universal free, 304 vocational, 185 vouchers, 181 see also Right to Education Act election expenditures, 238, 241, 307–​8 electricity, 89–​90, 117, 121–​2, 214, 309 Electricity Act of 2003, 122 Emergency, 18 see also Gandhi, Indira employment, 19, 51, 65–​8, 71, 73, 77, 79–​82, 94, 203–​4, 288–​90, 300–​1 formal and informal, 67, 69 in organized and unorganized sectors, 66–​7 problem, 54, 65–​70, 77, 87, 288–​90, 297 sectoral shares, 68 see also labour ends of economic policy, 35–​6 energy, 88, 113, 128–​31, 254, 296 entrepreneurship, 40, 61, 62, 75, 313; see also corporate sector environment, 123–​33 capital, 123–​8 degradation of, 124, 126–​7, 312 Modi government and, 296 pollution, 124–​6, 296, 309 property rights and, 123–​4 protection of, 102, 113, 165, 229, 293 reform, 124–​8, 130–​3, 293, 296 exchange rate, 155–​6 and external payments regime, 155 policy, 155–​9, 282 reform of policy framework, 159 regime, 155, 282 exports, 23, 55, 69–​70, 72, 92, 103, 153, 159, 248–​9, 255, 281–​2, 297 external economic engagement, 257–​69, 297–​300 Modi Government and, 299–​300 external: balance, 140, 155–​9, 279, 282 liberalization, 253, 297 payments regime, 155–​9 see also balance of payments external effects/​externalities, 38, 39, 43, 124, 130, 191–​2, 286 factor markets: capital, 97–​9 finance 99–​100 labour, 77–​82, 94 land, 94–​7 Modi government and, 294 reform of, 94–​102, 291 Index [ 339 ] 340 farmers, 89–​91, 101–​3, 126–​7, 143–​5, 202, 228, 238, 293 and pricing of fertilizers, 90 and subsidies, 90 self-​sufficient, 103 see also agriculture federalism: competitive, 314 cooperative, 214, 314 see also Centre and States female labour force participation rate, 73 fertilizers, 90, 103, 164, 206, 212, 285, 290 Finance Commission, 161, 228, 281, 308, 313, 314–​15 financial: inclusion, 99–​100, 291, 309 institutions, 76, 100, 140, 258 repression, 152, 162, 282 sector reform, 99–​100, 294 firms: in unorganized sector, 76, 77 size-​distribution of, 71 see also small firms; companies fiscal: adjustment, 162, 165 balance, 159–​65 consolidation, 30, 59, 159, 161–​3, 281, 282, 309 crackdown, 18 deficits, 30, 139, 143, 148, 156, 157, 159–​65, 213, 280, 287 policy/​policies, 25–​6, 30, 142, 145, 151–​2, 159–​65, 281, 282 problem, 159, 280 reform, 92–​3, 159–​65, 282 sustainability, 160, 280 see also ‘deep fiscal adjustment’; subsidies Fiscal Responsibility Act ( 2003), 162 food: articles, 141, 143, 144 market, 142–​3, 144 security, 41, 203, 267 subsidies, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 205–​6, 212–​13, 288 see also public distribution system; issue prices; procurement prices Food Security Act (FSA), 164, 202, 231 [ 340 ] Index foreign: aid, 18, 256 borrowing, 23, 26, 30, 156 capital, 247 investment, 24, 247–​50, 255, 258–​9, 297–​8, 299–​300 relations, 8, 9 foreign direct investment (FDI), 93, 151, 250–​1, 253, 268, 284, 299 from China, 254 Indian diaspora’s role in, 254–​5 liberalization of, 229, 299 policy regime, 250 reform, 93, 299 foreign exchange: intervention, 156 reserves, 156, 157, 158, 249, 260; see also global reserve system forests, 127–​8 free capital mobility, 157; see also capital account convertibility Gandhi, Indira, 17–​18, 22, 26, 227, 229, 233, 237 Gandhi, Rajiv, 22–​3, 26 Gandhi, Sonia, 24 Gini Coefficient, 29, 30 global: ambition 8–​10 credit crisis, 25, 58–​9, 139, 160, 253, 258–​9, 277 economic issues, 257–​9 engagement, 247–​69 exchange rate system, 259 imbalances, 259–​60 manufacturing networks, 250 reserve system, 261–​2 slowdown, 25, 151; see also recession supply chains, 264 global credit/​financial crisis (GFC), 25, 27, 58–​9, 139, 253, 257–​9, 262, 277 global warming, see climate change globalization, 247, 254; see also global engagement goods and services, 41–​3, 92, 94, 113, 163, 206, 210, 247–​8, 257, 290–​1, 293 carbon-​intensive, 130 reform of markets in, 87–​91, 92–​4, 290 341 goods and services tax (GST), 92–​3, 291, 293–​4 government administration, 230–​5, 307, 308 consumption, 59 corruption in, 235–​43 debt, 160–​1 employees, 43, 239 expenditure, 163–​5 failures, 7, 39–​40, 44, 187–​8, 191–​2, 276, 304 interest payments, 165 intervention, 19, 40, 87, 91, 104, 144, 236 procurement, 236–​7, 241 services, 44 spending, 88, 102, 131, 148, 163, 203, 302 subsidies, 44, 87–​92, 102, 180 see also state gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 145 growth acceleration, 15, 16, 27, 55, 61 accounting, 54–​8 fast, 5–​6 high-​quality, 5, 8, 276, 279, 315–​17 Hindu rate of, 15, 100 of output per head/​per worker, 51–​4 rate of, 4, 5–​6, 15–​16, 19, 23, 26, 30, 36, 51, 53–​7, 101, 144, 151 rapid, 17, 19, 35, 51, 52, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73, 87, 93, 104, 119, 153, 230, 236, 240, 279, 297, 300, 302, 309 slow, 19–​20, 144, 275 slowdown, 25, 56, 144, 145, 153–​4, 281, 317 sources of, 51–​8 ‘super-​fast’, 6, 28, 139, 157, 297 sustainable, 35, 113, 123–​33, 279 health/​health care, 7, 19, 37, 43, 175, 186–​8, 188–​97, 300, 302–​3, 304–5, 310, 312, 313 future of, 195–​7 money follows patient scheme, 303 primary care, 19, 187, 191–​4, 195–​6, 302–​3, 305 public health and, 72, 186–​8, 302 quality of, 189, 191–​7 reform of, 195–7, 305 secondary care, 187, 189–​91, 195–​6, 302–​3, 304–​5 state intervention in, 187 universal, 195 health insurance, 39, 190, 205, 210, 303 high-​income countries, 4–​5, 51, 276, 316 Hinduism, extremist version of, 311–​12 Hirschman, A. 42 household savings, 58–​9 human capital, 21, 53, 66, 189, 254, 287, 289, 302 inclusion, 6, 30, 35, 91, 99, 113, 135, 175, 215, 293, 300 see also financial inclusion income: agricultural, 163 distribution, 29, 36–​7, 44, 256–​7 redistribution, 43, 88, 91–​2, 201–​19, 253 ‘India shining, ’ 24 Indian capitalism, 60–​2 Indian university system, 184; see also education, higher India’s global engagement evolution and extent, 247–​52 impact on India, 252–​5 impact on the world, 255–​7 India’s stance on global economic issues, 257–​69 Indradhanush initiative, 295 industry/​industries, 26, 55, 61, 67–​70, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 104–​5, 113–​14, 153, 158, 267 Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 78–​82, 256 industrial policy, 104–​5, 284 reform of, 104–​5 industrialization, 105, 202, 253 inequality, 4, 29–​30, 226 regional, 29 inflation, 18, 23, 25, 27, 59, 139–​45, 151–​3, 157–​8, 162, 166–​8, 208, 279–​80 and government debt ratio, 162 and Modi government, 152, 280–​1 demand factors, 144–​5 high, 36, 59, 140, 144–​5, 148, 151, 162, 279 Index [ 341 ] 342 inflation (Cont.) supply-​side factors, 142–​4 targeting, 151, 166–​8, 279–​80 see also monetary policy information problems, 39 information technology (IT) sector, 61, 70, 233, 240, 249, 253, 298 infrastructure, 7, 24, 60, 113, 119–​23 and the Modi government, 295–​6 reform, 119–​23, 292, 295–​6 see also Public–​Private Partnerships Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 97–​8, 294; see also bankruptcy institutional decay, 226, 229, 230, 306–​7 Integrated Child Development services(ICDS), 189 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), 132 international: liquidity, 260–​1 migration, 252, 254–​5 money, 258–​63 reserves, 259, 299 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 18, 22, 23, 26, 253, 259–​62 international monetary system, 259, 260–​2 international trade, 18–​19, 78, 92–​4, 101, 103, 156–​7, 247–​8, 252–​5, 255–​7, 263–​9, 276–​7, 297–​300, 310 and ‘behind-​the-​border’ items, 264 between India and EU, 300 liberalization of, 18, 24, 38, 93, 103, 117, 163, 248, 253, 263, 290, 298 policies, 92–​3, 248, 256, 262–​3, 297 policy reform, 93, 263–​9, 297–​300 investment, 19–​20, 26–​7, 39–​40, 52–​3, 56, 60, 93-​5, 102, 145, 148, 153-​5, 250–​2, 282–​5 and Modi Government, 282–​5 climate, 60, 282–​5 corporate, 26, 59, 145–​8 household, 59 in infrastructure, 59, 95, 119, 120–​1, 163 in 1980s, 23 private, 59, 89–​91, 103, 119, 120, 123, 148, 162, 280–​1, 283, 287 public, 17, 22, 23, 59, 91, 102, 104, 119, 123, 213–​14, 292–​3, 296, 309 [ 342 ] Index reforms in climate for, 74–​6, 282–​5 revival, 284 risk-​premium on, 148 see also public–​private partnerships issue prices, 91, 143, 164, 202 Jan Dhan, 207 Janata party coalition government, 18 Judicial Appointments Bill, 235 justice, administration of, 43 Kashmir, 8, 227 kerosene, 88–​9, 164, 285, 288 labour, 7, 19, 39, 52, 54–​5, 65, 69–​74, 76–​8, 79–​80, 94, 104–​5, 176, 229, 257, 288–​91 as resource, 52, 55, 69 bias against use of, 69–​72 -​demanding growth, 76 -​intensive industries, 80, 253 -​intensive manufacturing, 70, 72, 250, 266, 298 -​intensive products, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80, 290 low-​skilled, 70–​2, 77, 254 reallocation of, 54 skilled, 77 shift from agriculture, 69, 70 training, 38, 185 see also contract labour; labour laws; labour market labour force participation rate, 73 labour laws/​regulations, 65, 77–​82, 94, 97, 253, 289–​90, 294, 299, 309 reform of, 77–​82, 294 studies on impact of, 80 labour market, 7, 39, 77–​82, 94, 290, 310 reform of, 81–​2, 294 labour productivity, 52, 54, 66–​9, 69, 72, 73, 76, 104, 288–​9 growth of, 55 in organized industry, 69 see also output per worker land, 55, 74, 76, 94–​7, 120, 211, 213, 236, 291, 294, 309–​10 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 95–​6, 294 343 land market 94 price-​discovery in, 96, 291 land law: reform, 95–​7, 294 liberal democracy, 35–​6, 279, 311–​12, 315–​16 liberalization, 7, 18, 22–​4, 26, 54, 61–​2, 104, 159, 215, 252–​5, 262 of foreign direct investment (FDI), 299 license raj, 27, 184, 307 licenses, 19, 40, 100, 122, 230, 235, 237–​9, 283 life expectancy, 20, 186 literacy, 28 adult, 20 female, 29 local government, 314–​15 low-​income countries, 28, 186, 256, 300, 302 macroeconomic stability, 7, 35, 37, 43, 53, 59, 139–​65, 279–​82 and external balance, 155–​9 and fiscal balance, 159–​65 and internal balance, 141–​55, 281–​2 Modi Government and, 280–​2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 203–​5, 210, 213, 215, 239 arguments for and against, 204–​5 description of, 203–​4 ‘Make in India’, 105, 310 managed floating, 155–​6, 280–​1; see also exchange rate policy Mandal commission, 22, 226–​7; see also reservations manufacturing, 68, 71–​2, 250, 310 share of employment in, 68 market/​markets, 7, 19–​20, 35–​41, 43–​4, 102–​4, 123–​4, 154, 187–​8, 276–​7, 288–​93 failures of, 37–​9, 40–​1, 44, 75, 94, 187–​8, 190, 191–​2, 276, 303–​4 for factors of production, 65–​72, 77–​82, 94–​102, 289, 291, 294 for goods and services, 87–​94, 290–​1, 293–​4 liberalization of, 36, 229 prices, 37, 41, 90–​1, 95, 143, 164, 202, 288 reform of, 77–​82, 87–​105, 290–​6 virtues of, 37 see also competition; natural monopoly Mayawati, 227 mega-​regional agreements, 297, 309 merit goods, 38, 213 Mid-​Day Meals scheme, 177, 206 middle class, 313 mobile banking, 207 Modi, Narendra, 25 foreign tours, 299 pan-​Indian electoral support for, 312 as RSS pracharak, 312 Modi government, 82, 96, 100, 105, 278, 280–​1, 299–​300, 304–​6, 307–​8, 310–​12 Monetary Framework Committee, 151, 281 monetary policy, 142, 144–​5, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 transmission of, 152, 281–​2 reform of policy framework, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 monopolistic exploitation, 39, 117 multi-​currency system, 261–​2 multilateral negotiations, 264 Narasimha Rao, P.V., 23, 26 National Rural Employment Guarantee, Act, 232; see also Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme nationalization, 40, 41 natural capital, 123–​8 natural monopoly, 38–​9, 117 Nayak, P.J., 118, 285, 295 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 4, 17–​18 non-​tradable goods, 117 nuclear agreement with US, 24 nutrition, 186, 189 oil prices, 18, 22, 89, 144, 152, 159, 288 oil-​related products, 88, 285 ‘Old India Model’, 275–​5 organized industry, 69–​70 Index [ 343 ] 344 organized sector, 65–​7, 69–​70, 73–​4, 76–​7, 79–​80, 94, 283, 288–​9 bias against labour in, 69–​72 definition of, 66 and demand for labour, 69–​72, 73–​82 labour productivity in, 69 output per worker, 52, 57, 69, 87, 288 ownership, 43–​4, 113–​18, 123, 211, 279, 288–​96, 299, 310 Pakistan, 8–​9, 17, 18 Paris conference on climate change, 131–​2 Partial Reform Model, 22–​7, 276 Patel, U., 151, 281 payments regime, see external payments regime per capita: growth, 5–​6, 306, 317 income, 4–​5, 6, 30, 51, 75, 240, 256, 276, 316 planning, 17, 39, 40 plurilateral agreements, 267, 269, 298 police, 234 political: awakening, 226, 228, 306 economy, 8, 30, 209, 225–​30, 278, 315, 317 political parties, 92, 227, 229, 237, 238, 241–​2, 306–​7, 308 financing of, 241, 307 pollution, 38, 124, 125–​6, 189, 235–​6, 293 population, 21, 27–​8, 52–​3, 72–​3, 77, 101, 105, 123, 163–​4, 210–​12, 215 age-​distribution of, 72 poverty, 4, 15, 21, 27–​30, 44, 53, 65, 66, 77, 88, 201, 210–​11 among disadvantaged groups, 28 extreme, 4, 28, 211, 215, 277, 286–​7, 300, 309 in states, 28 programmes, 205 power, 8–​10; see also electricity Pratham, 177, 180 preferential trade agreements (PTAs), 264–​7 price/​prices/​price system, 19, 42–​4, 87–​91, 96, 103, 122, 126, 128, 130, 141, 202–​3, 212, 214, 237, 285, 293 [ 344 ] Index price and output stability 141–​55 price controls, 7, 87–​91, 102, 236, 285 price stabilization, 203 price subsidies, 90, 206, 285, 300 reform, 87–​91, 92–​7, 101–​3, 121–​2, 125–​6, 130–​1, 285, 290, 292, 293, 294, 296 see also inflation; monetary policy; issue prices; procurement prices priority sector lending, 99 private: companies, 7, 61, 94, 95, 102, 114–​16, 119, 291 health insurance markets, 190–​1 ownership, 36, 101, 116 partners, 42, 119 providers, 43, 175, 190–​3, 234, 303–​4 sector, 17, 37, 41–​4, 62, 101, 191–​2, 194–​6, 232–​6, 292–​3, 302–​3, 306 privatization, 24, 41–​2, 92, 113–​18, 121, 165, 213, 287, 291, 295 and efficiency, 116 fiscal case for, 116 procurement prices, 91, 143, 145, 152 production, pattern of, 69 productivity, 23, 26, 27, 52, 53–​4, 60–​2, 66, 70, 87, 94, 233, 288–​9 growth of, 62, 87, 113, 116, 247, 253, 288, 290–​2, 297, 310, 312 see also labour productivity; total factor productivity promoter/​promoters, 62, 98, 128, 154, 308 prosperity, 4, 276 public and private providers, 43, 193, 303–​4 public distribution system (PDS), 41, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 209, 239, 253 reform of, 202–​3 public goods/​public services, 7–​8, 37–​8, 41–​3, 92, 175, 181, 201, 210, 228, 230, 242, 277, 313–​14 public health, see ‘traditional public health’; see also health/​health care public interest litigation, 125–​6 public–​private partnerships, 42, 59, 95, 119–​23, 292, 296, 309 reform of, 119–​20, 295–​6 Public Procurement Bill, 241 345 public sector, 7, 19–​20, 42–​3, 58, 66, 115, 119–​21, 180, 193, 196 public sector banks (PSBs), 118, 154–​5, 284, 295, 309 reform of, 118, 154, 295 public sector enterprises (PSEs), 19–​20, 24, 41, 93, 113–​18, 164–​5, 180, 213, 287, 291, 295, 309 and the Modi government, 294 reform of, 115–​18, 291, 295 public telecom companies, 114 Punjab, 30, 102, 127, 226, 227 separatist movement in, 22 purchasing power parity (PPP), 5, 276 pure public goods, 37–​8, 43, 102, 140, 164, 188, 191, 210, 212, 277, 285–​6 quantitative easing, 158, 262 Radical Reform Model, 276 -​308 Ram, K., 227 rail services, 90, 285 Rajan, R., 99, 152, 159 Rangarajan, C., 28, 210 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), 191, 195–​6, 205, 303, 305 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 311–​12 real effective exchange rate (RER), 158, 281 recapitalization, 118, 154, 162, 285 recession, 18, 23, 36, 160; see also slowdown Reddy, Y.V., 157 reform/​reforms, see economic reform/​ reforms Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), 265, 266, 297 regulation, 7, 43–​4, 77–​8, 117–​18, 125, 240–​2, 258–​9, 276–​7, 288–​93, 303–​4, 307 remittances, 249, 254 reservations, 22, 72, 234, 276 Reserve Bank of India (RBI), 100, 145, 151–​2, 154, 156–​9, 162, 258, 279, 281–​2, 284, 295 resource/​resources allocation, 7, 36, 44, 87, 91–​3 degradation of, 124, 127 scarcity of, 38, 40, 236–​7, 260 Right to Education Act (RTEA), 181–​3, 231, 301; see also education Right to Information Act (RTIA), 240 rights, 18, 36, 38, 40, 43, 76, 95, 96, 98, 123–​4, 231–​2, 236–​7, 268, 293, 307, 311, 313, 315 sanitation, 28, 76, 126, 188–​9, 196, 201, 203, 302, 312 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 177 savings, 19, 26–​7, 52–​3, 58–​9, 70, 73, 92, 152, 213, 282, 286–​7 domestic, 56, 156 household, 27, 58–​9 public, 58–​9, 148 scandals and scams, 25, 27, 62, 151, 191, 203, 237 security, 9–​10 services, 41–​3, 55, 67–​8, 70, 71, 72, 93–​4, 100, 104–​5, 247–​50, 266–​8, 290–​2, 298 shadow banks, 258 Shanta Kumar committee, 203 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 17 Sick Industrial companies Act (SICA), 97–​8 Singh, Manmohan, 23–​5, 206 Singh, V.P. 22–​3; see also Mandal Commission; reservations skill/​skills, 77, 252, 310; see also human capital; vocational and technical education and training skill-​intensive sectors, 69–​70, 104–​5 small firms, 71, 72, 73–​7, 283, 295 small-​scale industry reservations, 72 social: awakening, 226, 306 democracy, 36, 201–​2, 300 security benefits, 66–​7 social enablement 163, 165, 201, 202, 300-​6 Modi government and, 304–​6 social protection, 163, 201–​22, 279, 300, 304 framework for, 202, 203, 210, 300–​4 Modi government and, 304 reform, 208-​15 schemes, 202, 206, 210, 300 social safety net, 201–​22, 239, 277 Index [ 345 ] 346 South Korea, 5, 6, 20, 68, 70, 157, 262, 265, 316 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), 261–​2 state: accountability, 230–​5 capacity, 231–​5, 254 intervention, 7, 19, 36, 37-​44, 142, 187–​90, 192, 226, 228, 300, 302 and market relationship, 8, 36–​44 ownership, 18, 36, 40, 41, 113-​18, 163 political economy of, 225–​30 reform of, 233–​5, 241–​3, 247 state electricity boards (SEBs), 89–​90, 122, 309; see also UDAY state public sector enterprises (SPSEs), 114, 115, 116 states: deprivation in, 28 growth in, 27 inequality between, 29–​30 poverty in, 28 see also Centre and States sterilized intervention, 156 stressed assets, 122, 154, 284 subsidies, 30, 38, 43–​4, 87–​92, 101–​4, 163–​4, 205–​8, 212–​13, 230, 285–​8, 293–​4 elimination of, 214–​15, 230 explicit, 163–​4 hidden, 87, 92, 123, 164, 212, 285 problems in unwinding, 214 Subbarao, D., 158–​9 Subramanian, T.S.R., 127 Swachh Bharat, 306, 310 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), see Public Distribution System tax/​taxes/​tax system, 35, 38, 40, 44, 89, 92–​3, 124–​5, 128, 131, 163, 286–​7, 290–​1 exemptions, 93, 163, 213, 284 indirect tax, 92–​3, 163, 290–​1 on international trade, 93, 247; see also trade liberalization minimum alternate tax, 299 reform, 92-​3, 162–​3, 291, 293 retrospective, 151, 299 and revenue, 35, 37, 51, 163 [ 346 ] Index see also government expenditure; subsidies teachers, 179–​83 telecom spectrum, 38, 236 Tendulkar, S., 28, 210–​11, 216 total factor productivity (TFP), 52, 53–​7, 72, 80, 87, 104; see also productivity tradable goods, 88, 117, 291 trade, see international trade Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), 264–​5 Trade in Services Agreement (TISA), 269, 298 trade unions, 66, 79, 82 and political parties, 82 teachers’ unions, 179, 183, 229 ‘traditional public health’ (TPH), 188–​9, 196, 303 tragedy of the commons, 38 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 265 Trans-​Pacific Partnership (TPP), 265–​6, 298 transparency, 44, 240 UDAY, 296 unemployment, 65 United Progressive Alliance (UPA), 24–​5, 95, 97, 117, 143, 164, 202, 283, 307–​8 United States, 8, 252, 255 and China rivalry, 10 gilded age, 240, 243 as ‘hyper-​power’, 9 and India, civil nuclear agreement, 9 University Grants Commission (UGC), 184–​5 unorganized sector, 66–​7, 69–​70, 76–​7, 78, 99, 288–​9 definition of, 66 low-​labour-​productivity in, 66 low-​quality jobs in, 73 output of, 67, 69 as ‘own account enterprises’, 76 workers in, 65 urban: infrastructure, 97, 120, 123, 292 land, 96, 131 urbanization, 96 347 Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 24 value-​added tax (VAT), 92–​3 vocational and technical education and training (VTET), 185 water, 75, 90–​1, 101–​3, 125–​7, 206, 212, 285, 290, 293, 309 over-​extraction of, 126 pricing, 126–​7 women, 29, 72, 73, 204, 205, 210, 233, 304, 311; see also female labour force participation rate; literacy, female workforce, 66–​7, 77, 80, 94, 292 income of organized, 145 informal, 67, 69 mal-​distributed, 66 non-​farm, 67 poor, 100 in unorganized sector, 66–​7 see also labour/​labour force World Bank, 28, 186 ‘Ease of Doing Business’ reports of, 74, 283 and foreign aid, 18 survey of Indian firms, 74 World Trade Organization (WTO), 263–​4, 267–​8 Yadav, Lalu Prasad, 227 Yadav, Mulayam Singh, 227 zamindari, abolition of, 226 Index [ 347 ] 348 

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References [ 335 ] 336 ╇ 337 INDEX Aadhar card, 206, 207, 214, 304 and Aadhar-╉linked bank accounts, 207, 214, 287, 304 administration, see government administration advanced countries (ACs), 53, 65, 97, 129, 132, 141, 145, 188, 202, 255, 257, 262, 263–╉4, 266–╉8, 277, 298 Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), 269, 298 agriculture, 55, 67–╉70, 93, 100–╉4, 121, 126, 141–╉2, 163, 229, 248, 267, 292–╉3, 296, 309 exports, 103 marketing, 101, 293, 309 price controls in, 102 public investment in, 102, 293, 296, 309 reform in, 100–╉4, 292–╉3 share in GDP, 67–╉8 subsidies in, 102–╉3, 293, 296, 309 surplus labour from, 70 trade liberalization in, 103, 267 workers in, 66–╉7 Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs), 101 air quality, 124–╉6 ASEAN, 265 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 266, 298 backward states, 29 balance of payments, 22, 139–╉40, 155–╉9, 248–╉50, 254, 259, 299 Bangladesh, 28, 176, 186, 187 Bank Investment Company (BIC), 118, 295 bankruptcy, 7, 97–╉9, 154–╉5, 291, 294 Basel committee on Bank Regulation (BCBR), 258 Basel III standards, 258 basic income, 197, 210–╉15, 216–╉19, 285–╉8, 293, 303–╉4 cost of providing, 216–╉19 recommended magnitude of, 212, 214, 216–╉19 universal, 211, 212, 214–╉15, 216–╉19 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 22–╉3, 24–╉5, 227–╉8, 278, 311–╉12 -╉led NDA government, 117 see also Modi Government black money, 237–╉8 Board of Industrial and Financial Restructuring (BIFR), 97–╉8 business houses, 61, 62 capital, 26, 52–╉3, 69–╉70, 72, 105, 248, 258, 291 accumulation of, 52–╉3, 58–╉60, 312; see also investment -╉intensive sectors, 69, 80 markets, 97–╉9 movements, 155, 159, 252, 262, 267 of banks, 154, 258, 284, 295 per worker, 52, 52 physical capital, 52–╉3 reform of capital markets, 97–╉9, 291 see also human capital; investment; environment capital capital account convertibility (CAC), 155, 159, 253, 262 capital controls, 155–╉6, 262–╉3 capital flows, 157, 250, 254, 282 volatility of, 262 338 capital-​output ratio, 19 capitalism, 60–​2 carbon tax, 130 cash transfers, 91, 164, 206–​14, 288, 296 objections to, 208 technology of, 206–​10 universal, 214–​15 see also basic income Central Government Public sector enterprises (CPSEs), 113–​23 Central Vigilance commission (CVC), 115, 234 Centre and States, 161, 228, 313–​15 child/​infant mortality, 20, 72, 125, 186 nutrition, 28, 186, 189 China, 6, 8–​10, 25, 28, 29, 55, 70, 72, 73, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132, 163, 176, 179, 185, 186, 249–​50, 252, 254, 255, 256–​7 Churchill, Winston, 3 civil servants, 43, 151, 233, 308 climate change, 128–​33 and India, 129–​33, 256–​7 and low-​carbon strategies, 131 and Paris Conference, 131-​2 coal, 88, 89, 114, 122, 130, 132, 214, 285 collective action, 42, 97, 226, 229, 306 companies, 26, 52, 61, 72, 78, 79–​80, 97–​8, 114–​16, 148, 153–​4, 284 competition, 26, 42–​3, 61, 92–​4, 115–​17, 120–​2, 181, 183–​5, 290, 303, 268, 313–​14 Competition Commission, 93, 283, 290 concentration, 61 conditional cash transfers (CCTs), 209–​10 Congress Party, 18, 22–​3, 24, 24, 25, 114, 227–​8, 229, 235, 278, 295, 301 contracts, 41–​3, 119–​21, 123, 230, 237, 308 contract labour, 67, 79, 290 Contract Labour Act (CLA), 79, 81, 82 contract teachers, 179, 182, 301–​2 controls, 18, 19, 43, 44, 87–​91 coordination, 37, 39, 43, 92, 104, 120, 152, 256, 264, 292 [ 338 ] Index corporate: investment, 23, 26–​7, 56, 59–​61, 145–​8, 285 savings, 26, 27 sector, 58, 61–​2, 154, 284 corruption, 22, 44, 74, 79, 96, 105, 185, 207–​8, 235–​43, 307–​10 courts, 234–​5 credit, 19, 25, 27, 74, 76, 99, 118, 188, 280–​1, 284 access to, 75–​6, 253 bank, 153–​4, 276 directed, 75 for small firms, 75, 295 short-​term, 22 wilful defaulters and, 99 criminal politicians, 238 crisis, 22, 23, 30, 157–​9, 259, 260, 280, 315 of 1991, 26 crony capitalism, 7, 8, 62, 105, 235–​43, 277, 283, 306–​7, 310, 313 crop insurance, 296, 309 cross-​border outsourcing, 70, 250, 263 crowding out, 151, 160 current account deficit, 23, 27, 59, 139, 155, 156, 156–​7, 248–​9, 253, 280–​1 debt overhang, 148, 153–​5, 284 decentralization, 179, 185, 232–​3, 306, 308, 314–​15 ‘deep fiscal adjustment’, 165, 279, 285–​8, 290, 300, 309–​10, 314 and economic reform, 91–​2, 163–​5, 212–​14, 285–​8 and universal basic income 285–​7 Modi government and, 287–​8 democracy, 3–​4, 9, 10, 18, 35, 36, 141, 225–​6, 229, 232–​3, 306, 311–​12, 315–​17 demographic transition, 52, 59, 72–​3 deprivation, 27–​30, 35, 201 devaluation, 18, 23, 252, 254 developing countries (DCs), 15, 27, 44, 53–​4, 130, 132, 141, 176, 252, 256, 263–​4 diesel, 88–​9, 126, 164, 287, 288 disadvantaged: castes, 306 groups, 28–​9, 204, 226, 228, 339 Doha Development Agenda, 300 Draft National Health Policy, 305 droughts, 17–​18, 22, 104, 130, 139, 141, 316 Ease of Doing Business, 60, 74, 75, 77, 94, 105, 284, 289–​90, 308 see also World Bank East Asia, 55, 68, 70, 71, 105, 155, 157, 247, 253, 265 East Asian crisis, 157, 253, 262 economic development, 8, 16, 35, 44, 67, 72, 101, 225, 230, 243, 277–​8 economic reform/​reforms, 54, 77–​82, 87–​91, 92–​4, 94–​7, 101–​4, 104–​5, 117, 119–​23, 126–​7, 130–​1, 151–​3, 154, 159, 162–​5, 182–​5, 188–​91, 195–​7, 210–​15, 233, 240–​3, 263–​9, 275–​308 in 1980s, 22, 24, 26 in 1991, 4, 26, 27 education, 19–​20, 37, 42–​3, 53–​5, 175–​85, 212–​13, 229–​32, 300–​2, 304–​5, 310 enrolment in, 28–​9, 176, 184 ‘free and compulsory’, 181, 231–​2 government schools and, 42, 179–​83, 229, 232, 301–​2 higher, 29, 184–​6, 302 pedagogic practices in, 179, 301 primary, 28–​9, 42, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 private providers in, 234 private schools in, 177, 172–​7, 301–​2 private universities in, 184, 185 quality of, 53, 179, 183, 301, 312 reform, 181–​5, 301–​2, 305 secondary, 29, 53, 71, 176–​83, 185, 300, 305 teacher accountability in, 179, 301–​2, 305 teacher effort in, 179 universal free, 304 vocational, 185 vouchers, 181 see also Right to Education Act election expenditures, 238, 241, 307–​8 electricity, 89–​90, 117, 121–​2, 214, 309 Electricity Act of 2003, 122 Emergency, 18 see also Gandhi, Indira employment, 19, 51, 65–​8, 71, 73, 77, 79–​82, 94, 203–​4, 288–​90, 300–​1 formal and informal, 67, 69 in organized and unorganized sectors, 66–​7 problem, 54, 65–​70, 77, 87, 288–​90, 297 sectoral shares, 68 see also labour ends of economic policy, 35–​6 energy, 88, 113, 128–​31, 254, 296 entrepreneurship, 40, 61, 62, 75, 313; see also corporate sector environment, 123–​33 capital, 123–​8 degradation of, 124, 126–​7, 312 Modi government and, 296 pollution, 124–​6, 296, 309 property rights and, 123–​4 protection of, 102, 113, 165, 229, 293 reform, 124–​8, 130–​3, 293, 296 exchange rate, 155–​6 and external payments regime, 155 policy, 155–​9, 282 reform of policy framework, 159 regime, 155, 282 exports, 23, 55, 69–​70, 72, 92, 103, 153, 159, 248–​9, 255, 281–​2, 297 external economic engagement, 257–​69, 297–​300 Modi Government and, 299–​300 external: balance, 140, 155–​9, 279, 282 liberalization, 253, 297 payments regime, 155–​9 see also balance of payments external effects/​externalities, 38, 39, 43, 124, 130, 191–​2, 286 factor markets: capital, 97–​9 finance 99–​100 labour, 77–​82, 94 land, 94–​7 Modi government and, 294 reform of, 94–​102, 291 Index [ 339 ] 340 farmers, 89–​91, 101–​3, 126–​7, 143–​5, 202, 228, 238, 293 and pricing of fertilizers, 90 and subsidies, 90 self-​sufficient, 103 see also agriculture federalism: competitive, 314 cooperative, 214, 314 see also Centre and States female labour force participation rate, 73 fertilizers, 90, 103, 164, 206, 212, 285, 290 Finance Commission, 161, 228, 281, 308, 313, 314–​15 financial: inclusion, 99–​100, 291, 309 institutions, 76, 100, 140, 258 repression, 152, 162, 282 sector reform, 99–​100, 294 firms: in unorganized sector, 76, 77 size-​distribution of, 71 see also small firms; companies fiscal: adjustment, 162, 165 balance, 159–​65 consolidation, 30, 59, 159, 161–​3, 281, 282, 309 crackdown, 18 deficits, 30, 139, 143, 148, 156, 157, 159–​65, 213, 280, 287 policy/​policies, 25–​6, 30, 142, 145, 151–​2, 159–​65, 281, 282 problem, 159, 280 reform, 92–​3, 159–​65, 282 sustainability, 160, 280 see also ‘deep fiscal adjustment’; subsidies Fiscal Responsibility Act ( 2003), 162 food: articles, 141, 143, 144 market, 142–​3, 144 security, 41, 203, 267 subsidies, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 205–​6, 212–​13, 288 see also public distribution system; issue prices; procurement prices Food Security Act (FSA), 164, 202, 231 [ 340 ] Index foreign: aid, 18, 256 borrowing, 23, 26, 30, 156 capital, 247 investment, 24, 247–​50, 255, 258–​9, 297–​8, 299–​300 relations, 8, 9 foreign direct investment (FDI), 93, 151, 250–​1, 253, 268, 284, 299 from China, 254 Indian diaspora’s role in, 254–​5 liberalization of, 229, 299 policy regime, 250 reform, 93, 299 foreign exchange: intervention, 156 reserves, 156, 157, 158, 249, 260; see also global reserve system forests, 127–​8 free capital mobility, 157; see also capital account convertibility Gandhi, Indira, 17–​18, 22, 26, 227, 229, 233, 237 Gandhi, Rajiv, 22–​3, 26 Gandhi, Sonia, 24 Gini Coefficient, 29, 30 global: ambition 8–​10 credit crisis, 25, 58–​9, 139, 160, 253, 258–​9, 277 economic issues, 257–​9 engagement, 247–​69 exchange rate system, 259 imbalances, 259–​60 manufacturing networks, 250 reserve system, 261–​2 slowdown, 25, 151; see also recession supply chains, 264 global credit/​financial crisis (GFC), 25, 27, 58–​9, 139, 253, 257–​9, 262, 277 global warming, see climate change globalization, 247, 254; see also global engagement goods and services, 41–​3, 92, 94, 113, 163, 206, 210, 247–​8, 257, 290–​1, 293 carbon-​intensive, 130 reform of markets in, 87–​91, 92–​4, 290 341 goods and services tax (GST), 92–​3, 291, 293–​4 government administration, 230–​5, 307, 308 consumption, 59 corruption in, 235–​43 debt, 160–​1 employees, 43, 239 expenditure, 163–​5 failures, 7, 39–​40, 44, 187–​8, 191–​2, 276, 304 interest payments, 165 intervention, 19, 40, 87, 91, 104, 144, 236 procurement, 236–​7, 241 services, 44 spending, 88, 102, 131, 148, 163, 203, 302 subsidies, 44, 87–​92, 102, 180 see also state gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 145 growth acceleration, 15, 16, 27, 55, 61 accounting, 54–​8 fast, 5–​6 high-​quality, 5, 8, 276, 279, 315–​17 Hindu rate of, 15, 100 of output per head/​per worker, 51–​4 rate of, 4, 5–​6, 15–​16, 19, 23, 26, 30, 36, 51, 53–​7, 101, 144, 151 rapid, 17, 19, 35, 51, 52, 54, 60, 65, 70, 73, 87, 93, 104, 119, 153, 230, 236, 240, 279, 297, 300, 302, 309 slow, 19–​20, 144, 275 slowdown, 25, 56, 144, 145, 153–​4, 281, 317 sources of, 51–​8 ‘super-​fast’, 6, 28, 139, 157, 297 sustainable, 35, 113, 123–​33, 279 health/​health care, 7, 19, 37, 43, 175, 186–​8, 188–​97, 300, 302–​3, 304–5, 310, 312, 313 future of, 195–​7 money follows patient scheme, 303 primary care, 19, 187, 191–​4, 195–​6, 302–​3, 305 public health and, 72, 186–​8, 302 quality of, 189, 191–​7 reform of, 195–7, 305 secondary care, 187, 189–​91, 195–​6, 302–​3, 304–​5 state intervention in, 187 universal, 195 health insurance, 39, 190, 205, 210, 303 high-​income countries, 4–​5, 51, 276, 316 Hinduism, extremist version of, 311–​12 Hirschman, A. 42 household savings, 58–​9 human capital, 21, 53, 66, 189, 254, 287, 289, 302 inclusion, 6, 30, 35, 91, 99, 113, 135, 175, 215, 293, 300 see also financial inclusion income: agricultural, 163 distribution, 29, 36–​7, 44, 256–​7 redistribution, 43, 88, 91–​2, 201–​19, 253 ‘India shining, ’ 24 Indian capitalism, 60–​2 Indian university system, 184; see also education, higher India’s global engagement evolution and extent, 247–​52 impact on India, 252–​5 impact on the world, 255–​7 India’s stance on global economic issues, 257–​69 Indradhanush initiative, 295 industry/​industries, 26, 55, 61, 67–​70, 88, 94, 97, 100, 101, 104–​5, 113–​14, 153, 158, 267 Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 78–​82, 256 industrial policy, 104–​5, 284 reform of, 104–​5 industrialization, 105, 202, 253 inequality, 4, 29–​30, 226 regional, 29 inflation, 18, 23, 25, 27, 59, 139–​45, 151–​3, 157–​8, 162, 166–​8, 208, 279–​80 and government debt ratio, 162 and Modi government, 152, 280–​1 demand factors, 144–​5 high, 36, 59, 140, 144–​5, 148, 151, 162, 279 Index [ 341 ] 342 inflation (Cont.) supply-​side factors, 142–​4 targeting, 151, 166–​8, 279–​80 see also monetary policy information problems, 39 information technology (IT) sector, 61, 70, 233, 240, 249, 253, 298 infrastructure, 7, 24, 60, 113, 119–​23 and the Modi government, 295–​6 reform, 119–​23, 292, 295–​6 see also Public–​Private Partnerships Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 97–​8, 294; see also bankruptcy institutional decay, 226, 229, 230, 306–​7 Integrated Child Development services(ICDS), 189 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), 132 international: liquidity, 260–​1 migration, 252, 254–​5 money, 258–​63 reserves, 259, 299 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 18, 22, 23, 26, 253, 259–​62 international monetary system, 259, 260–​2 international trade, 18–​19, 78, 92–​4, 101, 103, 156–​7, 247–​8, 252–​5, 255–​7, 263–​9, 276–​7, 297–​300, 310 and ‘behind-​the-​border’ items, 264 between India and EU, 300 liberalization of, 18, 24, 38, 93, 103, 117, 163, 248, 253, 263, 290, 298 policies, 92–​3, 248, 256, 262–​3, 297 policy reform, 93, 263–​9, 297–​300 investment, 19–​20, 26–​7, 39–​40, 52–​3, 56, 60, 93-​5, 102, 145, 148, 153-​5, 250–​2, 282–​5 and Modi Government, 282–​5 climate, 60, 282–​5 corporate, 26, 59, 145–​8 household, 59 in infrastructure, 59, 95, 119, 120–​1, 163 in 1980s, 23 private, 59, 89–​91, 103, 119, 120, 123, 148, 162, 280–​1, 283, 287 public, 17, 22, 23, 59, 91, 102, 104, 119, 123, 213–​14, 292–​3, 296, 309 [ 342 ] Index reforms in climate for, 74–​6, 282–​5 revival, 284 risk-​premium on, 148 see also public–​private partnerships issue prices, 91, 143, 164, 202 Jan Dhan, 207 Janata party coalition government, 18 Judicial Appointments Bill, 235 justice, administration of, 43 Kashmir, 8, 227 kerosene, 88–​9, 164, 285, 288 labour, 7, 19, 39, 52, 54–​5, 65, 69–​74, 76–​8, 79–​80, 94, 104–​5, 176, 229, 257, 288–​91 as resource, 52, 55, 69 bias against use of, 69–​72 -​demanding growth, 76 -​intensive industries, 80, 253 -​intensive manufacturing, 70, 72, 250, 266, 298 -​intensive products, 70, 72, 73, 77, 80, 290 low-​skilled, 70–​2, 77, 254 reallocation of, 54 skilled, 77 shift from agriculture, 69, 70 training, 38, 185 see also contract labour; labour laws; labour market labour force participation rate, 73 labour laws/​regulations, 65, 77–​82, 94, 97, 253, 289–​90, 294, 299, 309 reform of, 77–​82, 294 studies on impact of, 80 labour market, 7, 39, 77–​82, 94, 290, 310 reform of, 81–​2, 294 labour productivity, 52, 54, 66–​9, 69, 72, 73, 76, 104, 288–​9 growth of, 55 in organized industry, 69 see also output per worker land, 55, 74, 76, 94–​7, 120, 211, 213, 236, 291, 294, 309–​10 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 95–​6, 294 343 land market 94 price-​discovery in, 96, 291 land law: reform, 95–​7, 294 liberal democracy, 35–​6, 279, 311–​12, 315–​16 liberalization, 7, 18, 22–​4, 26, 54, 61–​2, 104, 159, 215, 252–​5, 262 of foreign direct investment (FDI), 299 license raj, 27, 184, 307 licenses, 19, 40, 100, 122, 230, 235, 237–​9, 283 life expectancy, 20, 186 literacy, 28 adult, 20 female, 29 local government, 314–​15 low-​income countries, 28, 186, 256, 300, 302 macroeconomic stability, 7, 35, 37, 43, 53, 59, 139–​65, 279–​82 and external balance, 155–​9 and fiscal balance, 159–​65 and internal balance, 141–​55, 281–​2 Modi Government and, 280–​2 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 203–​5, 210, 213, 215, 239 arguments for and against, 204–​5 description of, 203–​4 ‘Make in India’, 105, 310 managed floating, 155–​6, 280–​1; see also exchange rate policy Mandal commission, 22, 226–​7; see also reservations manufacturing, 68, 71–​2, 250, 310 share of employment in, 68 market/​markets, 7, 19–​20, 35–​41, 43–​4, 102–​4, 123–​4, 154, 187–​8, 276–​7, 288–​93 failures of, 37–​9, 40–​1, 44, 75, 94, 187–​8, 190, 191–​2, 276, 303–​4 for factors of production, 65–​72, 77–​82, 94–​102, 289, 291, 294 for goods and services, 87–​94, 290–​1, 293–​4 liberalization of, 36, 229 prices, 37, 41, 90–​1, 95, 143, 164, 202, 288 reform of, 77–​82, 87–​105, 290–​6 virtues of, 37 see also competition; natural monopoly Mayawati, 227 mega-​regional agreements, 297, 309 merit goods, 38, 213 Mid-​Day Meals scheme, 177, 206 middle class, 313 mobile banking, 207 Modi, Narendra, 25 foreign tours, 299 pan-​Indian electoral support for, 312 as RSS pracharak, 312 Modi government, 82, 96, 100, 105, 278, 280–​1, 299–​300, 304–​6, 307–​8, 310–​12 Monetary Framework Committee, 151, 281 monetary policy, 142, 144–​5, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 transmission of, 152, 281–​2 reform of policy framework, 151–​2, 166–​8, 281–​2 monopolistic exploitation, 39, 117 multi-​currency system, 261–​2 multilateral negotiations, 264 Narasimha Rao, P.V., 23, 26 National Rural Employment Guarantee, Act, 232; see also Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme nationalization, 40, 41 natural capital, 123–​8 natural monopoly, 38–​9, 117 Nayak, P.J., 118, 285, 295 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 4, 17–​18 non-​tradable goods, 117 nuclear agreement with US, 24 nutrition, 186, 189 oil prices, 18, 22, 89, 144, 152, 159, 288 oil-​related products, 88, 285 ‘Old India Model’, 275–​5 organized industry, 69–​70 Index [ 343 ] 344 organized sector, 65–​7, 69–​70, 73–​4, 76–​7, 79–​80, 94, 283, 288–​9 bias against labour in, 69–​72 definition of, 66 and demand for labour, 69–​72, 73–​82 labour productivity in, 69 output per worker, 52, 57, 69, 87, 288 ownership, 43–​4, 113–​18, 123, 211, 279, 288–​96, 299, 310 Pakistan, 8–​9, 17, 18 Paris conference on climate change, 131–​2 Partial Reform Model, 22–​7, 276 Patel, U., 151, 281 payments regime, see external payments regime per capita: growth, 5–​6, 306, 317 income, 4–​5, 6, 30, 51, 75, 240, 256, 276, 316 planning, 17, 39, 40 plurilateral agreements, 267, 269, 298 police, 234 political: awakening, 226, 228, 306 economy, 8, 30, 209, 225–​30, 278, 315, 317 political parties, 92, 227, 229, 237, 238, 241–​2, 306–​7, 308 financing of, 241, 307 pollution, 38, 124, 125–​6, 189, 235–​6, 293 population, 21, 27–​8, 52–​3, 72–​3, 77, 101, 105, 123, 163–​4, 210–​12, 215 age-​distribution of, 72 poverty, 4, 15, 21, 27–​30, 44, 53, 65, 66, 77, 88, 201, 210–​11 among disadvantaged groups, 28 extreme, 4, 28, 211, 215, 277, 286–​7, 300, 309 in states, 28 programmes, 205 power, 8–​10; see also electricity Pratham, 177, 180 preferential trade agreements (PTAs), 264–​7 price/​prices/​price system, 19, 42–​4, 87–​91, 96, 103, 122, 126, 128, 130, 141, 202–​3, 212, 214, 237, 285, 293 [ 344 ] Index price and output stability 141–​55 price controls, 7, 87–​91, 102, 236, 285 price stabilization, 203 price subsidies, 90, 206, 285, 300 reform, 87–​91, 92–​7, 101–​3, 121–​2, 125–​6, 130–​1, 285, 290, 292, 293, 294, 296 see also inflation; monetary policy; issue prices; procurement prices priority sector lending, 99 private: companies, 7, 61, 94, 95, 102, 114–​16, 119, 291 health insurance markets, 190–​1 ownership, 36, 101, 116 partners, 42, 119 providers, 43, 175, 190–​3, 234, 303–​4 sector, 17, 37, 41–​4, 62, 101, 191–​2, 194–​6, 232–​6, 292–​3, 302–​3, 306 privatization, 24, 41–​2, 92, 113–​18, 121, 165, 213, 287, 291, 295 and efficiency, 116 fiscal case for, 116 procurement prices, 91, 143, 145, 152 production, pattern of, 69 productivity, 23, 26, 27, 52, 53–​4, 60–​2, 66, 70, 87, 94, 233, 288–​9 growth of, 62, 87, 113, 116, 247, 253, 288, 290–​2, 297, 310, 312 see also labour productivity; total factor productivity promoter/​promoters, 62, 98, 128, 154, 308 prosperity, 4, 276 public and private providers, 43, 193, 303–​4 public distribution system (PDS), 41, 91, 143, 164, 202–​3, 209, 239, 253 reform of, 202–​3 public goods/​public services, 7–​8, 37–​8, 41–​3, 92, 175, 181, 201, 210, 228, 230, 242, 277, 313–​14 public health, see ‘traditional public health’; see also health/​health care public interest litigation, 125–​6 public–​private partnerships, 42, 59, 95, 119–​23, 292, 296, 309 reform of, 119–​20, 295–​6 Public Procurement Bill, 241 345 public sector, 7, 19–​20, 42–​3, 58, 66, 115, 119–​21, 180, 193, 196 public sector banks (PSBs), 118, 154–​5, 284, 295, 309 reform of, 118, 154, 295 public sector enterprises (PSEs), 19–​20, 24, 41, 93, 113–​18, 164–​5, 180, 213, 287, 291, 295, 309 and the Modi government, 294 reform of, 115–​18, 291, 295 public telecom companies, 114 Punjab, 30, 102, 127, 226, 227 separatist movement in, 22 purchasing power parity (PPP), 5, 276 pure public goods, 37–​8, 43, 102, 140, 164, 188, 191, 210, 212, 277, 285–​6 quantitative easing, 158, 262 Radical Reform Model, 276 -​308 Ram, K., 227 rail services, 90, 285 Rajan, R., 99, 152, 159 Rangarajan, C., 28, 210 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), 191, 195–​6, 205, 303, 305 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 311–​12 real effective exchange rate (RER), 158, 281 recapitalization, 118, 154, 162, 285 recession, 18, 23, 36, 160; see also slowdown Reddy, Y.V., 157 reform/​reforms, see economic reform/​ reforms Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), 265, 266, 297 regulation, 7, 43–​4, 77–​8, 117–​18, 125, 240–​2, 258–​9, 276–​7, 288–​93, 303–​4, 307 remittances, 249, 254 reservations, 22, 72, 234, 276 Reserve Bank of India (RBI), 100, 145, 151–​2, 154, 156–​9, 162, 258, 279, 281–​2, 284, 295 resource/​resources allocation, 7, 36, 44, 87, 91–​3 degradation of, 124, 127 scarcity of, 38, 40, 236–​7, 260 Right to Education Act (RTEA), 181–​3, 231, 301; see also education Right to Information Act (RTIA), 240 rights, 18, 36, 38, 40, 43, 76, 95, 96, 98, 123–​4, 231–​2, 236–​7, 268, 293, 307, 311, 313, 315 sanitation, 28, 76, 126, 188–​9, 196, 201, 203, 302, 312 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, 177 savings, 19, 26–​7, 52–​3, 58–​9, 70, 73, 92, 152, 213, 282, 286–​7 domestic, 56, 156 household, 27, 58–​9 public, 58–​9, 148 scandals and scams, 25, 27, 62, 151, 191, 203, 237 security, 9–​10 services, 41–​3, 55, 67–​8, 70, 71, 72, 93–​4, 100, 104–​5, 247–​50, 266–​8, 290–​2, 298 shadow banks, 258 Shanta Kumar committee, 203 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 17 Sick Industrial companies Act (SICA), 97–​8 Singh, Manmohan, 23–​5, 206 Singh, V.P. 22–​3; see also Mandal Commission; reservations skill/​skills, 77, 252, 310; see also human capital; vocational and technical education and training skill-​intensive sectors, 69–​70, 104–​5 small firms, 71, 72, 73–​7, 283, 295 small-​scale industry reservations, 72 social: awakening, 226, 306 democracy, 36, 201–​2, 300 security benefits, 66–​7 social enablement 163, 165, 201, 202, 300-​6 Modi government and, 304–​6 social protection, 163, 201–​22, 279, 300, 304 framework for, 202, 203, 210, 300–​4 Modi government and, 304 reform, 208-​15 schemes, 202, 206, 210, 300 social safety net, 201–​22, 239, 277 Index [ 345 ] 346 South Korea, 5, 6, 20, 68, 70, 157, 262, 265, 316 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), 261–​2 state: accountability, 230–​5 capacity, 231–​5, 254 intervention, 7, 19, 36, 37-​44, 142, 187–​90, 192, 226, 228, 300, 302 and market relationship, 8, 36–​44 ownership, 18, 36, 40, 41, 113-​18, 163 political economy of, 225–​30 reform of, 233–​5, 241–​3, 247 state electricity boards (SEBs), 89–​90, 122, 309; see also UDAY state public sector enterprises (SPSEs), 114, 115, 116 states: deprivation in, 28 growth in, 27 inequality between, 29–​30 poverty in, 28 see also Centre and States sterilized intervention, 156 stressed assets, 122, 154, 284 subsidies, 30, 38, 43–​4, 87–​92, 101–​4, 163–​4, 205–​8, 212–​13, 230, 285–​8, 293–​4 elimination of, 214–​15, 230 explicit, 163–​4 hidden, 87, 92, 123, 164, 212, 285 problems in unwinding, 214 Subbarao, D., 158–​9 Subramanian, T.S.R., 127 Swachh Bharat, 306, 310 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), see Public Distribution System tax/​taxes/​tax system, 35, 38, 40, 44, 89, 92–​3, 124–​5, 128, 131, 163, 286–​7, 290–​1 exemptions, 93, 163, 213, 284 indirect tax, 92–​3, 163, 290–​1 on international trade, 93, 247; see also trade liberalization minimum alternate tax, 299 reform, 92-​3, 162–​3, 291, 293 retrospective, 151, 299 and revenue, 35, 37, 51, 163 [ 346 ] Index see also government expenditure; subsidies teachers, 179–​83 telecom spectrum, 38, 236 Tendulkar, S., 28, 210–​11, 216 total factor productivity (TFP), 52, 53–​7, 72, 80, 87, 104; see also productivity tradable goods, 88, 117, 291 trade, see international trade Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), 264–​5 Trade in Services Agreement (TISA), 269, 298 trade unions, 66, 79, 82 and political parties, 82 teachers’ unions, 179, 183, 229 ‘traditional public health’ (TPH), 188–​9, 196, 303 tragedy of the commons, 38 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), 265 Trans-​Pacific Partnership (TPP), 265–​6, 298 transparency, 44, 240 UDAY, 296 unemployment, 65 United Progressive Alliance (UPA), 24–​5, 95, 97, 117, 143, 164, 202, 283, 307–​8 United States, 8, 252, 255 and China rivalry, 10 gilded age, 240, 243 as ‘hyper-​power’, 9 and India, civil nuclear agreement, 9 University Grants Commission (UGC), 184–​5 unorganized sector, 66–​7, 69–​70, 76–​7, 78, 99, 288–​9 definition of, 66 low-​labour-​productivity in, 66 low-​quality jobs in, 73 output of, 67, 69 as ‘own account enterprises’, 76 workers in, 65 urban: infrastructure, 97, 120, 123, 292 land, 96, 131 urbanization, 96 347 Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 24 value-​added tax (VAT), 92–​3 vocational and technical education and training (VTET), 185 water, 75, 90–​1, 101–​3, 125–​7, 206, 212, 285, 290, 293, 309 over-​extraction of, 126 pricing, 126–​7 women, 29, 72, 73, 204, 205, 210, 233, 304, 311; see also female labour force participation rate; literacy, female workforce, 66–​7, 77, 80, 94, 292 income of organized, 145 informal, 67, 69 mal-​distributed, 66 non-​farm, 67 poor, 100 in unorganized sector, 66–​7 see also labour/​labour force World Bank, 28, 186 ‘Ease of Doing Business’ reports of, 74, 283 and foreign aid, 18 survey of Indian firms, 74 World Trade Organization (WTO), 263–​4, 267–​8 Yadav, Lalu Prasad, 227 Yadav, Mulayam Singh, 227 zamindari, abolition of, 226 Index [ 347 ] 348 

Rigged: How the Media, Big Tech, and the Democrats Seized Our Elections
by Mollie Hemingway
Published 11 Oct 2021

Vandana Rambaran, “At Least 60 Secret Service Members Injured during George Floyd Protests in DC,” Fox News, May 31, 2020, https://www.foxnews.com/us/more-than-60-secret-service-officers-injured-during-violent-george-floyd-protests-in-washington-d-c. 61. Paul LeBlanc, “Famed DC Monuments Defaced after Night of Unrest,” CNN, May 31, 2020, https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/31/politics/dc-monuments-lincoln-memorial-defaced/index.html. 62. “Mahatma Gandhi’s Statue at Indian Embassy in Washington Desecrated,” The Week, June 4, 2020, https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/06/04/mahatma-gandhis-statue-at-indian-embassy-in-washington-desecrated.html. 63. “Trump Says He’s ‘President of Law and Order,’ Declares Aggressive Action on Violent Protests,” CBS News, June 2, 2020, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-protest-president-law-and-order/. 64.

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Protesters clashed with law enforcement at the barriers set up around the White House, and at least sixty members of the Secret Service were injured in the chaos, including injuries sustained from the crowd’s throwing projectiles and Molotov cocktails.60 A report emerged that Trump had been moved to a secure location to protect him from the protesters. In the week between the death of George Floyd and the assault on the White House, at least twelve statues and memorials were defaced by vandals, including the World War II Memorial and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall.61 Even a statue of the nonviolent revolutionary Mahatma Gandhi in front of the Indian Embassy was vandalized by BLM protesters.62 Following days of violent riots, Washington, D.C., announced a 7:00 p.m. curfew on Monday night. U.S. Park Police cleared the protesters in front of the White House so a stronger security fence could be put at the edge of Lafayette Park.

When They Go Low, We Go High: Speeches That Shape the World – and Why We Need Them
by Philip Collins
Published 4 Oct 2017

An experiment with democracy perhaps even more extraordinary than the formation of the United States began on 15 August 1947. With a brief hiatus under a state of emergency in 1975, this nation of multiple languages and religions found a solvent in democracy. This achievement is owed in no small part to Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru was drawn into active political opposition to the British Raj, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of an India reborn and his strategy of non-violent non-cooperation with the imperial rulers. In 1919 he joined the Indian National Congress, which was fighting for greater autonomy from the British. During the 1920s and 1930s he was repeatedly imprisoned by the British for civil disobedience.

…

Always one to practise what he preached, Aung San himself constantly demonstrated courage – not just the physical sort but the kind that enabled him to speak the truth, to stand by his word, to accept criticism, to admit his faults, to correct his mistakes, to respect the opposition, to parley with the enemy and to let people be the judge of his worthiness as a leader. It is for such moral courage that he will always be loved and respected in Burma – not merely as a warrior hero but as the inspiration and conscience of the nation. The words used by Jawaharlal Nehru to describe Mahatma Gandhi could well be applied to Aung San: ‘The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth, and action allied to these, always keeping the welfare of the masses in view.’ Gandhi, that great apostle of non-violence, and Aung San, the founder of a national army, were very different personalities, but as there is an inevitable sameness about the challenges of authoritarian rule anywhere at any time, so there is a similarity in the intrinsic qualities of those who rise up to meet the challenge.

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This led, in time, to a Supreme Court judgement that segregation on transport was unconstitutional. Taking up the presidency of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a position he held until his death, King became the most important of all the leaders of the civil rights movement. Drawing inspiration from his faith and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr King resisted the calls to demand freedom by any means necessary. For that decision alone, Martin Luther King must be reckoned, in a time of tempest, as one of the greatest of politicians. To demand non-violent resistance and distinctly civil disobedience, seen to best effect in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail, was a historic choice for which Dr King merits the laurels of posterity.

Bricks & Mortals: Ten Great Buildings and the People They Made
by Tom Wilkinson
Published 21 Jul 2014

Marcel Proust, Pleasures and Days1 Abram Games’ banned 1942 propaganda poster featuring the Finsbury Health Centre In blacked-out London’s grimy nights invisible figures armed with nothing more than tin hats and buckets full of sand watched from towers and rooftops – intently or with chilled boredom – for German incendiaries falling from the skies. One of these watchers in the dark was an Indian immigrant named Dr Chuni Lai Katial. Handsome, socialistically inclined and very well connected (a 1931 photograph shows him with Charlie Chaplin and Mahatma Gandhi), Dr Katial was shortly to become Britain’s first Asian mayor. Before the war he was chairman of the public health committee of Finsbury, a deprived inner-city borough of London, and his firewatching was given a special piquancy by the possibility that his own baby might be burned or blasted by the bombs, the child in question being the Finsbury Health Centre.

…

Later, the poor health of volunteers for the Boer Wars (1880–1902) caused a national scandal in Britain: only two fifths were fit to fight, and fear of martial incompetence, and the resulting disintegration of empire, provided an impetus to improve the living conditions of the working class. Dr Katial (rear left) hosted a meeting of Charlie Chaplin and Mahatma Gandhi at his home in London’s East End in 1931 But although changes were made, the nation’s health remained in a parlous state well into the 1930s. The biggest killer was tuberculosis, responsible for 30,000–40,000 deaths a year, and the connection with overcrowding and unsanitary conditions was clear.

Broad Band: The Untold Story of the Women Who Made the Internet
by Claire L. Evans
Published 6 Mar 2018

I’m interested in Mountbatten’s career in India, a two-year period during which he oversaw the country’s transition from colonial rule to independent statehood. This history has its recurring characters: his field marshal, the leader of the Indian National Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru, and of course, Mahatma Gandhi, whose name is everywhere in the source material. Say also that within the Microcosm linkbase, an instance of the name “Mahatma Gandhi” has been linked to some multimedia information—a video, perhaps, of a Gandhi speech. Because of the nature of Microcosm links, that connection isn’t isolated to a single, underlined, hyperlink-blue instance of those words. Rather, it’s connected to the idea of Gandhi, following the man wherever his name may turn up, across every document in the system.

The Challenge for Africa
by Wangari Maathai
Published 6 Apr 2009

In the three decades since the Green Belt Movement began its work, some Africans have left the trenches to pursue their own interests and ambitions; others have become disappointed and tired. Some are languishing in their homes or jails; others are homeless or in refugee camps. Some are hoping for leadership to deliver them; others are waiting until it is clear to them that they must save themselves by, in the words of Mahatma Gandhi, being the change they wish to see in the world. Yet as I seek to show, the challenges before Africa not only stem from national and international policies (although these play an important part in determining Africa's future, as they have its past), but are also moral, spiritual, cultural, and even psychological in nature.

…

In Africa, independence movements throughout the continent struggled to free their fellow citizens from colonialism and imperialism—including those led by Jomo Kenyatta, Patrice Lumumba, Kwame Nkrumah, Nelson Mandela, and Walter Sisulu. One is reminded of the courage and determination of those who fought for women's suffrage in the early part of the twentieth century; Mahatma Gandhi's campaign for Indian independence, which mobilized hundreds of thousands of individuals in nonviolent resistance to British rule; and the civil rights movement in the United States, for which many people gave their lives. All these movements included in their ranks many whose names aren't recorded by history, or whose bones still lie unburied in the forests where they fell fighting for their land and freedom, or who are interred in unmarked graves.

Nomad Century: How Climate Migration Will Reshape Our World
by Gaia Vince
Published 22 Aug 2022

As an incentive, environmental services, such as maintaining waterways, planting biodiverse systems and protecting rare species should be remunerated. As it becomes impossible to farm, rural farmers need to be assisted to migrate to the city through social security policies that provide a basic income. India, for instance, supports people through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees people the ‘right to work’, with 100 days’ work at minimum wage. We will still need agricultural labour, of course, and many international migrants will have useful farming skills, but they won’t necessarily be applicable to the conditions and agriculture of their new home.

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Kung peoples; lack of water resources; low levels of migration to; migration from as relatively low; poor infrastructure and city planning; population rise in; rainfall due to Indian irrigation; remittances from urban migrants; and restoring of planet’s habitability; Transaqua Project of water diversion; transatlantic slave trade; transport infrastructure in; urbanization in African Union agoraphobia AI and drone technology aid, development/foreign air-conditioning/cooling airships or blimps Alaska algae Aliens Act (UK, 1905) Alps, European Amazon region Americas Anatolia Anchorage, Alaska Anderson, Benedict animals/wildlife; global dispersal of; impact of fires on; impact of ice loss on see also livestock farming Antarctica; ice sheet Anthropocene era; four horsemen of Aravena, Alejandro Archaeology architecture/buildings: Aravena’s ‘partial houses’; energy-efficiency retrofits; floating infrastructure; heat- and light-responsive materials; low-carbon concrete; prefabricated and modular housing; in successful migrant cities; wooden skyscrapers; zero-carbon new-builds Arctic region; first ice-free summer expected; opening up of due to climate change Argentina Arrhenius, Svante Asia: cities vulnerable to climate change; drought-hit areas; extreme La Niña events; extreme precipitation in monsoon regions; Ganges and Indus river basins; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; huge populations of South Asia; lack of water resources; rivers fed by glaciers; small hydropower installations; urbanization Aswan High Dam asylum-seekers: Australia’s dismal record on; Britain’s proud history on; dominant hostile narratives about; drownings in English Channel; limbo situation due to delayed claim-processing; misinformation about see also refugees Athens Australia: Black Summer (2019–20); energy-supply economy; impact of climate emergency; indigenous inhabitants; low population density in; migration to; and mineral extraction in Greenland; renewable power in; treatment of asylum-seekers; White Australia Policy aviation Aztecs Babylon bacteria, in food production bamboo Bangkok Bangladesh; ‘Bangla’ communities in London; Burmese Rohingya refugees; impact of climate emergency; migration across Indian border; population density in; relocation strategies; training for rural migrants Bantu people Barber, Benjamin Barcelona Beckett, Samuel Belarus Belgium Bergamo, Italy Bhutan Bijlmermeer (outside Amsterdam) biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse; coral reefs as probably doomed; crash in insect and bird populations; depletion of fish stocks; due to agriculture; due to farming; four horsemen of the Anthropocene; and human behaviour; Key Biodiversity Areas; links with climate change; and marine heatwaves; and overuse of fertilizers; restoring of; species extinction; and urban adaptation strategies see also environmental sustainability bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) biotech industry birds black soldier flies black-footed ferrets BoKlok (IKEA spinoff) Bolivia Borneo Bosch, Carl Boston, Massachusetts Boulder, Colorado Brazil Brexit Brin, Sergey British Columbia Brown, Pat bureaucracy Burke, Marshall Burma business/private sector Cairo California; forest fires in Cambodia Cameroon Canaan Canada; and charter cities model; Climate Migrants and Refugee Project; economic benefits from global heating; expansion of agriculture in; first carbon-neutral building in; forest fires in; indigenous populations; infrastructure built on permafrost; regional relocation schemes Capa, Robert, capitalism Caplan, Bryan Caprera (Italian warship) carbon capture/storage; BECCS; ‘biochar’ use in soil; carbon capture and storage (CCS); direct capture from the air; by forests; in grasslands; Key Biodiversity Areas; in oceans; by peatlands; by phytoplankton; vegetation as vital carbon pricing/taxing carbon/carbon dioxide: amount in atmosphere now; Arrhenius’ work on; and biomatter decay in soil, ‘carbon quantitative easing’; continued emitting of; decarbonizing measures; effect on crop growth; emissions cut by building from wood; emissions from farming; emissions from human energy systems; emissions from urban buildings; geoengineering to remove; during last ice age; Miocene Era levels; new materials made from; ocean release of; released by wildfires; tree-planting as offsetting method; in tropical rainforests Carcassonne, France Card, David Cardiff Castro, Fidel Çatalhöyük, ancient city of Central African Republic Central America Chad ‘char people’ charcoal (‘biochar’) Chicago children: childcare costs; deaths of while seeking safety; ‘invisible’/living on the margins; left behind by migrant parents; and move to cities; numbers at extreme risk; in refugee camps; and sense of ‘belonging’ Chile China: adaptation for heavy rainfall events; Belt and Road Initiative; cities vulnerable to climate change; demography; desertification of farmland in north; economic domination of far east; emigrants and knowledge-flow; emissions as still rising in; extreme La Niña events; ‘green wall’ tree-planting projects; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; Hong Kong–Shenzhen–Guangzhou mega-region; hukou system; integrated soil-system management; internal migration in; migrant workers in Russia’s east; and mineral extraction; net zero commitment; small hydropower installations; South-to-North Water Diversion Project; ‘special economic zones’; Uyghur Muslim communities in; and water scarcity; ‘zhuan‘ documents Chinatowns Churchill (town in Manitoba) Churchill, Winston cities: adapting to net-zero carbon economy; city state model; coastal cities; as concentrated nodes of connectivity; ‘consumption cities’ in Africa; control of migration by; deadly urban heat; demand for cooling; devolving power to communities; in eighteenth/nineteenth-century Europe; entrenched assets; and extreme flood risk; flood defences; as focal points for trade networks; food production in; genetic impacts of; in high altitude locations; large megacities; merging into mega-regions; as particularly vulnerable to climate change; phased abandonment of; population densities in; private gardens in; relocation of; relocation strategies within; sprawling shanty towns in; strategies against impact of heat; zero-carbon new-builds see also migrant cities; migration, urban citizenship; patriotism of welcomed migrants; ‘UN/international passport’ idea Clemens, Michael climate change, historic: Cretaceous–Palaeogene meteorite impact event; in late-bronze-age Near East; and migration; in Miocene Era; and transition to farming climate change/emergency; 3–5° C as most likely scenario; as affecting all of Earth; cities as particularly vulnerable to; destruction of dam infrastructure; enlisting of military/security institutions against; every tenth of a degree matters; extreme weather events; global climate niches moving north; global water cycle as speeding up; greenhouse gas emissions as still growing; impact of cities; impact on lives as usually gradual; inertia of the Earth’s climate system; lethality by 2100; links with biodiversity loss; near-universal acceptance of as human made; net zero pledges; Paris Agreement (2015); path to 3–4° C-hotter world; situation as not hopeless; slow global response to; as threat multiplier; warming as mostly absorbed by oceans see also biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse; drought; fires; floods; heat climate models: future emissions scenarios; heating predictions; impact of 4° C-hotter world; IPCC ‘Representative Concentration Pathways’ (RCPs); optimum climate for human productivity; threshold for mass migrations coastal areas: coastal cities; migration from; retreating coastlines; seawater desalination plants cochineal scale insect Colombia colonialism, European Colorado Columbia Concretene construction industry copper coral reefs Cornwall Costa Rica cotton Covid-19 pandemic; cooperation during cross-laminated timber (CLT) Crusaders Cruz, Abel Cuba cultural institutions/practices: cultural losses over time; diversity as improving innovation; migration of; in well-planned migrant cities cyclones Cyprus Czech workers in Germany Dar es Salaam Death Valley Delhi Democratic Republic of Congo demographic changes/information: and decline of nationality viewed in racial terms; depopulation crisis; elderly populations in global north; GenZ; global climate niches moving north; global population patterns; global population rise; ‘household formation’; huge variation in global fertility rates; migrants as percentage of global population; population fall due to urban migration; population-peak projection; post-war baby boom; and transition to farming Denmark Denver, Colorado desert conditions Dhaka Dharavi (slum in Mumbai) diet and nutrition: edible seeds of sea grasses; genetically engineered microbes; global disparities in access to nutrition; and Haber–Bosch process; insects as source of protein and fats; loss of nutrition due to heat stress of crops; move to plant-based diet; vitamin D sources; zinc and protein deficiencies dinosaurs direct air capture (DAC) disease; waterborne Doha Domesday Book (1086) Driscolls (Californian berry grower) drone technology drought; as affecting the most people; in Amazon region; impact on farming; in late-bronze-age Near East; and rivers fed by glaciers; and sulphate cooling Dubai Duluth, Minnesota Dunbar, Robin economies; Chinese domination of far east; economic growth; forced move towards a circular economy; GDP per capita measure; Global Compact for Migration; global productivity losses due to heat; immigrant-founded companies; and influx of low-skilled migrant workers; migration as benefitting; mining opportunities exposed by ice retreat; and nation state model; need to open world’s borders; new mineral deposits in northern latitudes; northern nations benefitting from global heating; ‘special economic zone’ concept; taxing of robots see also employment/labour markets; green economy; political and socioeconomic systems; trade and commerce education: availability to migrants; as key to growth; and remittances from urban migrants; systems improved by migration Egypt; Ancient electricity: current clean generation as not sufficient; decarbonizing of production; electric vehicles; grid systems; hydroelectric plants; and net zero world; renewable production Elwartowski, Chad employment/labour markets: amnesties of ‘illegal’ migrants; and arguments against migration; and automation; controlled by city authorities; and global labour mobility; and the green economy; impact of heat on jobs; indentured positions; and influx of low-skilled migrant workers; jobs in growth industries; jobs restoring diversity; jobs that natives don’t want to do; mechanization/automation slowed down by migrant workers; migrants bring greater diversity to; need for Nansen-style scheme; occupational upgrading of locals due to immigration; refugees barred from working; role of business in migrant integration; rural workers moving to cities; skilled migrants; support/access for migrants; Trump’s work visa restrictions; ‘urban visas’ in USA; workforce shortages in global north energy systems: access to in global south; air-conditioning/cooling demand; and carbon capture; ‘closed-loop’ radiator construction; decarbonizing of; and economic growth; geothermal production; global energy use as increasing; new dam-construction boom in south; nuclear power; oceans as source; poor grid infrastructure in global south; power outages; power sharing as not equitable; reducing growth in demand; replacement of inefficient heating/cooling systems; transmission/transport see also electricity English Channel Environmental Protection Agency, US environmental sustainability: decarbonizing measures; decoupling of GDP from carbon emissions; and economic growth; heat- and light-responsive materials; low-energy plastic recycling methods; and migrant cities; need for open mind in planning for; phytoplankton as hugely important; replacement of inefficient heating/cooling systems; zero-carbon new-builds see also biodiversity loss/ecosystem collapse environmentalists; negative growth advocates; opponents of geoengineering equatorial belt Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europe: 2003 heatwave; depopulation crisis; eighteenth/nineteenth-century shanty towns; impact of climate emergency; medieval barriers to movement; Mediterranean climate moving north; migrant indentured labour in; migration of women working in domestic service; small hydropower installations; three mass migrations in Stone and Bronze Ages European Union: free movement within; fund for aid to Africa; Green New Deal; no ‘asylum crisis’ within; nuclear power in; open-border policy for refugees from Ukraine; as popular migrant destination; seeks quota system for refugees; as successful example of regional union; war against migrants Fairbourne (Welsh village) farming: in abandoned areas in south; in Africa; ancient transition to; bad harvests as more frequent; barns/storehouses; benefits of warming in Nordic nations; biodiversity loss due to; cereal crops; closing the yield gap; early nineteenth century expansion of; ever-decreasing, sub-divided plots of land; expanded growing seasons; fertile land exposed by ice retreat; genetic research to produce new crops; genetically modified crop varieties; global disparities in food production; Green Revolution; greenhouse gas emissions from; in Greenland; Haber–Bosch process; heat-tolerant and drought-resistant crops; high-yielding wheat and rice variants; impact of climate emergency; indoor industrial systems; modern improvement in yields; nutrient and drip-irrigation systems; pre-twentieth-century methods; relying on new forms of; Russian dominance; salt-tolerant rice; smallholder; and solar geoengineering; solar-powered closed-cycle; urban vertical farms; use of silicates; and water scarcity; wildflower strips in fields see also livestock farming Fiji Fires fish populations: artisanal fishers; boost of in Arctic region; and decommissioned offshore oilrigs; fish farming; future pricing of fish products; as under huge pressure; insects as farmed-fish feed; land-based fish-farming Five Points slum, New York floods; flash floods; low-lying islands and atolls; sea walls/coastal defences; three main causes; in urban areas; water-management infrastructure Florida food: algal mats; carbon-pricing of meat; impact of soaring global prices; insect farming; kelp forest plantations; lab-grown meats; meat substitutes; for migrant city dwellers; move to plant-based diet; need for bigger sources of in global north; need to cut waste; photosynthesizing marine plants and algae; plant-based dairy products; reduced supplies due to temperature rises; refrigerated storage; replication of Maillard chemical reaction; sourced from the oceans see also diet and nutrition; farming; livestock farming food security Ford, Henry forests: advance north of in Nordic nations; deforestation; impact of climate emergency; ‘negative emissions activity’; replanting of; Siberian taiga forest fossil fuels; carbon capture and storage (CCS); as embedded in human systems France Fraser, Sean freedom of movement French Polynesia Friedman, Patri Gargano, Gabriele gas industry Gates, Bill gender: heat related inequalities; physical/sexual danger for female migrants; women in domestic service in Europe; women rejoining workforce genetic modification genetics, population Genghis Khan geoengineering; artificial sill proposals; cloud-brightening idea; as controversial/taboo; and ideal temperature question; possible unwanted effects; proposals for dealing with ice melt; to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide; solar radiation reduction tools; sulphate cooling concept; thin-film technology; tools to reflect the sun’s heat away from Earth geology GERD dam, Ethiopia Germany; Syrian refugee resettlement in Ghana Glasgow climate meeting (2021) Global Parliament of Mayors global south; benefit of solar cooling idea; capital costs of deploying new renewables; cutting of food waste in; future repopulation of abandoned regions; global income gap as rising; little suitable landmass for climate-driven migration; migration to higher elevations with water; need for improved infrastructure; need for sustainable economic growth; new dam-construction boom in; new domestic sources of energy; population rise in; remittances from urban migrants; resource extraction by rich countries; and vested interests in the rich world see also Africa; Asia; Latin America and entries for individual nations golf courses Gore, Al, An Inconvenient Truth (2006) Gothenburg Grand Inga hydroelectric dam project (Congo River) Granville, Earl grasslands Great Barrier Reef Great Lakes region, North America Greece; Ancient green economy; and building of fair societies; Green New Deals; migration as vital to; multiple benefits of see also environmental sustainability; renewable power production; restoring our planet’s habitability greenhouse gas emissions; charging land owners for; in cities; emitters trying to avoid/delay decarbonization; from farming; national emissions-reductions pledges; underreporting of; unfair global impact of see also carbon/carbon dioxide Greenland; ice sheet; potato farming in Gulf states Haber, Fritz Hangzhou Hawaii health: climate change as threat multiplier; dementia care; diseases of poor sanitation; healthcare in successful migrant cities; heat related inequalities; lethality of extreme heat; and life in cities; mental illness and migration; migration as benefitting social care systems; pathogens in frozen tundras; rural living as single largest killer today; and smoke pollution heat: 35°C wet bulb threshold crossed; climate model predictions; cloud and water vapour feedbacks; combined with humidity; and demand for cooling; extreme hotspots; global productivity/work hour losses; impact of 4° C-hotter world; impact on farming/food supplies; infrastructure problems due to; lethality by 2100; lethality of extreme temperatures; Paris pledge of below 2°C; solar radiation reduction tools; subtropical climate spreading into higher latitudes; temperatures above 50°C; threshold for mass migrations; ‘threshold of survivability’; urban adaptation strategies; urban heat island effect; ‘wet bulb’ temperature calculations Held, David Hernando, Antonia HIV Höfn, southeastern Iceland Holocene epoch Honduras Hong Kong horses, domestication of housing: Aravena’s ‘partial houses’; controlled by city authorities; equitable access to; floating infrastructure; in flood-affected areas; and heat related inequalities; and migrants; planning and zoning laws; policies to prevent segregation; prefabricated and modular; twentieth-century social programmes see also slum dwellers Hudson Bay Huguenot immigrants human rights, universal Hungary hunter-gatherers hurricanes hydrogen ice age, last ice loss; as accelerating at record rate; in Antarctica; in Arctic region; artificial reflective snow idea; artificial sill proposals; and flash floods; loss of glaciers; permafrost thaw; reflective fleece blankets idea; retreat of ice sheets; rising of land due to glaciers melting; tipping points for ice-free world Iceland ICON, construction company identity: accentuation of small differences; and ancient transition to farming; borders as ‘othering’ structures; language as tool of self-construction; mistrust of outsiders; pan-species; sense of ‘belonging’; social norms of ‘tribe’; social psychology; stories crafting group identity see also national identity immigration policies: bilateral or regional arrangements; deliberately prejudicial policy; development of since later nineteenth-century; and harnessing migrant potential; immigrant inclusion programmes; immigration lottery schemes; move needed from control to managing,; points-based entrance systems; poorly designed; quota systems; responses to terrorist incidents; restrictions as for people not stuff; restrictive border legislation; Spain’s successful policy Impossible Foods India; crop irrigation in; emigrants and knowledge-flow; emissions as still rising in; falling fertility rate in; Ganges Valley; and heat ‘survivability threshold’; impact of climate emergency; internal migration in; lime-washing of roofs in; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA); National River Linking Project; population density in; young population in indigenous communities Indo-European language Indonesia industrial revolution inequality and poverty: and access to reliable energy; benefit of solar cooling to south; climate change as threat multiplier; climate migration and social justice; and demand for cooling; despair and anger of ‘left behind’ natives; and environmental destruction; and European colonialism; as failure of social/economic policy; and geoengineered cooling; global disparities in access to nutrition; and global food prices; global income gap as rising; heat related; and impact of flooding; increased by ancient transition to farming; as matter of geographical chance; migration as best route out of; and modern farming; and national pride; need for redistributive policies; the poor trapped in vulnerable cities; and post-war institutions; rural living as single largest killer today; slow global response to crisis of; superrich and private jets; tribalism as not inevitable; and vested interests in the rich world insects; collapsing populations; farming of; as human food source insulation insurance, availability of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) International Labour Organization Iquique (Chile) Ireland iron, powdered Islam islands, small/low-lying Israel Italy Ithaca, city of (New York) Jakarta Japan Jobs, Steve Johnson, Boris Jordan kelp Kenya Khan, Sadiq Khoisan Bushmen Kimmel, Mara King, Sir David Kiribati knowledge and skills: better environment for in rich countries; ‘brain drain’ issue; channelled through migrant networks; diversity as improving innovation; global knowledge transfer; Global Skill Partnerships model; impact of European colonialism; migrants returning to origin countries; and Nansen-style schemes; need for rapid transference of; and points-based entrance systems Kodiak Island, Alaska krill Kuba Kingdom, West Africa !

Ethics of Big Data: Balancing Risk and Innovation
by Kord Davis and Doug Patterson
Published 30 Dec 2011

The telegraph was instrumental enough in how wartime communication took place; what if Lincoln or Churchill and Roosevelt had instant messaging? The Occupy movement has benefited enormously from being able to coordinate action and communicate its message on the backs of big-data systems. And, at both ends of the spectrum, imagine a data breach at Facebook: what would Hitler have done with that information? How would Mahatma Gandhi have utilized that kind of information about so many people? And because of the sheer velocity, volume, and variety of big data, as it evolves, it is introducing ethical challenges in places and ways we’ve never encountered before. To meet those challenges in those new and unexpected ways, we simply must learn to engage in explicit ethical discussion in new and unexpected environments—not only to protect ourselves from the risk of unintended consequences, but because there are legitimate and immediate benefits.

The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever
by Christopher Hitchens
Published 14 Jun 2007

Apparently, however, Providence gave up all hope of curing Boston of its wickedness, for, though lightning rods became more and more common, earthquakes in Massachusetts have remained rare. Nevertheless, Dr. Price’s point of view, or something very like it, is still held by one of the most influential of living men. When, at one time, there were several bad earthquakes in India, Mahatma Gandhi solemnly warned his compatriots that these disasters had been sent as a punishment for their sins. Even in my own native island this point of view still exists. During the last war, the British Government did much to stimulate the production of food at home. In 1916, when things were not going well, a Scottish clergyman wrote to the newspapers to say that military failure was due to the fact that, with government sanction, potatoes had been planted on the Sabbath.

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I notice that respectable people, who would not call on anybody who lives in open sin, are quite willing to call on people who have had only a civil marriage; so apparently God does see registry offices. Some eminent men think even the doctrine of the Catholic Church deplorably lax where sex is concerned. Tolstoy and Mahatma Gandhi, in their old age, laid it down that all sexual intercourse is wicked, even in marriage and with a view to offspring. The Manicheans thought likewise, relying upon men’s native sinfulness to supply them with a continually fresh crop of disciples. This doctrine, however, is heretical, though it is equally heretical to maintain that marriage is as praiseworthy as celibacy.

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For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time or space. Mahatma Gandhi deplores railways and steamboats and machinery; he would like to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might say in refutation of them.

The Relentless Revolution: A History of Capitalism
by Joyce Appleby
Published 22 Dec 2009

Unlike the Brahmins of old who went to Oxford and adopted English tastes, Ambani prefers to speak his native tongue at home, loves the kind of Indian food that is sold on streetside carts, and relaxes with two or three Bollywood films a week.44 Offering an entrepreneurial speedup to the sluggish pace of social reform in India, Ambani embodies the spirit of the New India, its back firmly turned against its socialist past. Mahatma Gandhi and Mao Zedong—Two Men Cast Long Shadows over China and India Because capitalism impinges so closely upon attitudes, values, habits—the stuff of culture—it is worthwhile comparing China and India in yet one more way. Both countries found their venerable traditions challenged by a charismatic leader in the late 1940s. Perhaps some of their responses to capitalism can be traced back to the impact of those two giants, Mahatma Gandhi and Mao Zedong. Gandhi headed the movement for India independence from Great Britain from 1913 to 1948, when a Hindu extremist assassinated him six months after India had reacquired its autonomy.

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A gifted mathematician, Naoroji developed statistics to prove his case, estimating that England was taking 200 million pounds sterling from India, where per capita income, measured in rupees, was 20, compared with 450 in Great Britain. The British reaction was to form a commission to study the issue, a classic delaying tactic. In 1885 Naoroji participated in the formation of the Indian National Congress. He also became the mentor of a young admirer named Mahatma Gandhi. At first working within the British system for reforms, the INC later led the anticolonial movement that achieved independence in 1947.34 From the perspective of capitalism’s history, India’s critics are significant for two reasons. They astutely perceived that British officials treated economics as though it were a natural system like physics instead of a social system created by human beings for their purposes.

Gaza: An Inquest Into Its Martyrdom
by Norman Finkelstein
Published 9 Jan 2018

Classification: LCC JC599.G26 (ebook) | LCC JC599.G26 F55 2018 (print) | DDC 953/.1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017015719 Manufactured in the United States of America 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Gaza, The Truth The massacre of innocent people is a serious matter. It is not a thing to be easily forgotten. It is our duty to cherish their memory. MAHATMA GANDHI CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments PART ONE OPERATION CAST LEAD 1 • Self-Defense 2 • Deterring Arabs, Deterring Peace 3 • Spin Control 4 • Human Shields PART TWO THE GOLDSTONE REPORT 5 • A Zionist Bears Witness 6 • The Star Witness Recants PART THREE THE MAVI MARMARA 7 • Murder on the High Seas 8 • Whitewash I: The Turkel Report 9 • Whitewash II: The UN Panel Report PART FOUR OPERATION PROTECTIVE EDGE 10 • Stalled Juggernaut 11 • Israel Has the Right to Defend Itself 12 • Betrayal I: Amnesty International 13 • Betrayal II: UN Human Rights Council Conclusion Appendix: Is the Occupation Legal?

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.”‡ Isn’t this what Hamas did as it resolved to “fight violence by any means,” even if it meant “utter extinction,” after Israel broke the cease-fire and refused to lift the illegal siege that was destroying Gaza’s “whole civilization” (Mary Robinson) and causing “the breakdown of an entire society” (Sara Roy)?§ * “Hungry Like the Wolfowitz,” Georgetown Voice (6 November 2003). † “What Women Should Do in a Difficult Situation” (4 September 1932), in The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad), vol. 51, pp. 18–19; “Discussion with Mahadev Desai” (4 September 1932), in ibid., vol. 51, pp. 24–25; “Discussion with B. G. Kher and Others” (15 August 1940), in ibid., vol. 72, p. 388; “Discussion with Bharatanand” (2 September 1940), in ibid., vol. 72, p. 434; “Message to States’ People” (1 October 1941), in ibid., vol. 74, p. 368; “Speech at Prayer Meeting” (5 November 1947), in ibid., vol. 89, p. 481

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Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, According to Well-Documented Information, Seven of the Nine Turks Killed in the Violent Confrontation aboard the Mavi Marmara Had Previously Declared Their Desire to Become Martyr[s] (Shaheeds) (13 July 2010). 46. “Speech at Bulsar” (29 April 1930), in The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (Ahmedabad), vol. 43, pp. 327–28. 47. Danny Ayalon, “Public Relations Battle Is a Marathon, Not a Sprint,” Jerusalem Post (8 June 2010). 48. Antony Lerman, “Israeli PR Machine Won Gaza Flotilla Media Battle,” Guardian (4 June 2010). 49. Norman G. Finkelstein, “This Time We Went Too Far”: Truth and consequences of the Gaza invasion, expanded paperback edition (New York: 2011), pp. 168–80. 50.

The Identity Trap: A Story of Ideas and Power in Our Time
by Yascha Mounk
Published 26 Sep 2023

“Indira Gandhi,” accessed Jan. 20, 2023, www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhi. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT University of London: Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. “Jomo Kenyatta,” accessed Jan. 20, 2023, www.britannica.com/biography/Jomo-Kenyatta. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Inns of Court: Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. “Mahatma Gandhi,” accessed Jan. 20, 2023, www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Mohammed Ali Jinnah: Encyclopædia Britannica, s.v. “Mohammed Ali Jinnah,” accessed Jan. 20, 2023, www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-Ali-Jinnah. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT liberal nationalist tradition: For example, the leader of the Indian nationalist movement, Jawaharlal Nehru.

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Intellectuals on the Indian subcontinent or the Anglophone parts of sub-Saharan Africa had usually attended schools modeled on the British education system and gone on to study at Cambridge (Jawaharlal Nehru), Oxford (Indira Gandhi), the University of London (Jomo Kenyatta), or the Inns of Court (Mahatma Gandhi and Mohammed Ali Jinnah). Making a clean break from the colonizing powers that had brutally exploited their nations was no easy feat for a generation of leaders that had itself been deeply shaped by their ideas. Many postcolonial leaders sought a solution to their predicament in the founding texts of long-standing ideologies.

You Are What You Speak: Grammar Grouches, Language Laws, and the Politics of Identity
by Robert Lane Greene
Published 8 Mar 2011

Elsewhere, it may have even toppled at least one regime. South Africa’s Constitutional Court, in Pretoria, abounds in symbolism. In an unhappier, earlier era, it was a detention facility. It has the distinction of holding, at different times, two of the world’s most famously righteous freedom fighters: Mahatma Gandhi was held there by British authorities in the early twentieth century, and Nelson Mandela would be locked up there half a century later. Today, South Africa’s Constitutional Court is a symbol of reconciliation and justice. Some of the old brickwork has been kept as a reminder of what the building once was.

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In freeing their country, India’s independence leaders knew that they would also have to hold it together. The Congress Party’s leaders did not worry overmuch about language. They assumed that India’s biggest language, which they called “Hindustani,” would unite the free India they sought. These leaders included Mahatma Gandhi, a Gujarati-speaker who spoke Hindustani haltingly; Jawaharlal Nehru, who was descended from Kashmiris and spoke English best; and even the southern Tamil figure C.R. Rajagopalachari, who spoke no Hindustani at all. (Tamil is a Dravidian language, totally unrelated to the northern Indian languages, including Hindustani.)

The Last Kings of Shanghai: The Rival Jewish Dynasties That Helped Create Modern China
by Jonathan Kaufman
Published 14 Sep 2020

Sassoon & Co. had boomed during the war, supplying cotton to the British army for uniforms and trading actively with China, India, and England. The end of the war meant slowing demand for Indian cotton in England. That was compounded by growing unrest among Indian workers, who were rallying around Mahatma Gandhi and his calls for self-rule. His symbol was Indian homespun cloth, which undercut the textile industry in which the Sassoons made much of their money now that the opium trade was illegal. Workers in India were demanding higher wages. Gandhi began launching boycotts against British goods. In China, Japan was starting to build factories of its own and flooding the Chinese market.

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“I don’t pretend to know anything about debating, as until I went to Delhi the only debate I had even listened to [was at university] and I have never set foot in the House of Commons,” he wrote to a friend. But with a few exceptions, he felt there was no one in the British colonial government he couldn’t outargue. Victor saw multiple threats looming on India’s political horizon: Mahatma Gandhi, socialism, Indian independence. In 1922 the handsome Prince of Wales—later to become King Edward VIII—visited New Delhi. Victor greeted him as he disembarked, along with other leaders. Gandhi’s supporters quickly organized riots and strikes to wreck the royal goodwill tour. Winston Churchill, a rising politician in London, dismissed Gandhi and his spreading campaign of civil disobedience as the “alarming and nauseating” efforts of a “seditious fakir . . . striding half-naked up the steps of the vice regal palace.”

Yoga Nidra Scripts 2: More Meditations for Effortless Relaxation, Rejuvenation and Reconnection
by Tamara Verma
Published 28 Apr 2021

Suggested Pre- and Post-Practices: Begin with a relaxed asana or movement practice that loosens up the joints and major muscles. Begin with a few minutes of holding Abhaya Mudra for courage and openness to shift into a new reality. Combine with chanting of Om. Set the tone by beginning with the inspiring words of Mahatma Gandhi: “ Each night, when I go to sleep, I die. And the next morning, when I wake up, I am reborn.” At any moment, we have the opportunity to start fresh. Finish with Breath of Joy pranayama and self-massage on the shoulders, back of the neck, scalp, arms, legs and soles of the feet. Settling Finding a comfortable place to lie down, or sit up, supported.

What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry
by John Markoff
Published 1 Jan 2005

Without power, he drifted for more than a day until a sport fisherman spotted him and hauled him back to shore. Yet as unsuccessful as his Cuban journey may have been, Fred Moore was destined to have a dramatic impact on the world. Intent on bringing about change simply by putting his body on the line, in the mold of Mahatma Gandhi, Moore ultimately was to alter both the world’s politics and technology. A year after his Cuban misadventure, Fred Moore came to Berkeley to study science. He had an obvious talent for math and engineering, interests that had been sparked in part by frequent weekend visits to the home of a maiden aunt, who always gave him a mental puzzle to work at.

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During Tesler’s first year on campus, Ira Sandperl, the local pacifist and former Stanford student who worked at Kepler’s bookstore, came to campus to speak, accompanied by folksinger Joan Baez. Of course everyone wanted to see and hear Baez, a phenomenon at the time. Sandperl discussed at length the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, especially nonviolent resistance. The ideas resonated with Tesler but had little direct impact immediately. After he graduated, Vietnam and the Free University began to have an effect on his thinking. He had married after leaving Stanford and initially focused on his career and family. One of his partners in his small programming consulting business was a former Stanford student who was far more radical than Tesler and who urged him to get more involved in protesting the war.

Conscious Capitalism, With a New Preface by the Authors: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business
by John Mackey , Rajendra Sisodia and Bill George
Published 7 Jan 2014

Such conscious leaders are primarily motivated by service to the purpose of the business and its stakeholders, and not by the pursuit of power or personal enrichment. They develop and inspire, mentor and motivate, and lead by example. Rather than militaristic or mercenary, they are missionary leaders. They embody Mahatma Gandhi’s dictum “We must be the change we wish to see in the world.” Conscious leaders are strong individuals who possess exceptional moral courage and are able to withstand constant scrutiny and criticism from those who view business in a more traditional, narrow manner. Above all, conscious leaders view themselves as trustees of the business, seeking to nurture and safeguard it for future generations, not to exploit it for the short-term gains of themselves or current stakeholders.

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Leaders are the high-level architects, builders, and remodelers of the system, while managers ensure that the system works smoothly and take corrective actions when it doesn’t. Leaders have an inherent systemic sensitivity that enables them to understand both how a group of people will behave as a system and how to change the system in order to change its behavior. Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to nonviolence was once challenged by a history professor, who cited his “knowledge of history” to argue that Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence would never work. Gandhi replied, “Sir, your job is to teach history while mine is to create it.”4 Managers do not make history; conscious leaders do.

Half the Sky: Turning Oppression Into Opportunity for Women Worldwide
by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl Wudunn
Published 7 Sep 2008

The United Nations and the aid bureaucracies have undertaken a relentless search for technical solutions—including improved vaccines and new processes for boring wells—and those are important. But progress also depends on political and cultural remedies, and, frankly, on charisma. Often the key is a person with a knack for leadership: Martin Luther King Jr. in the United States, Mahatma Gandhi in India, and William Wilberforce in Britain. It’s important to invest in these emerging leaders as well as in processes, and aid organizations have largely missed the boat that Drayton launched with Ashoka. “It does seem to be a major blind spot in development and government efforts,” notes David Bornstein, who wrote an excellent book about social entrepreneurs called How to Change the World.

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Examples include the eradication of smallpox, vaccination campaigns, and battles against river blindness and guinea worm disease. They are exceptional because they depend on research, materials, and knowledge that do not exist at the grassroots. CHAPTER FOURTEEN What You Can Do You must be the change you wish to see in the world. —MAHATMA GANDHI Americans knew for decades about the unfairness of segregation. But racial discrimination seemed a complex problem deeply rooted in the South’s history and culture, and most good-hearted people didn’t see what they could do about such injustices. Then along came Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Riders, along with eye-opening books like John Howard Griffin’s Black Like Me.

The Future of Money
by Bernard Lietaer
Published 28 Apr 2013

Radical behavioural and attitudinal changes are explored too, but it turns out that these alone are not enough either - there is still a crash in the mid twenty-first century. It is only when both these kinds of changes are applied together that a crash is avoided. It is precisely such a combination, which is in fact already happening today. 1. The Value Shift Wave 'First they ignore you; Then they ridicule you; Then they attack you; Then you win.' Mahatma Gandhi The most detailed data set about changes in values over the past 20 years relates to the US. But there are preliminary indications that this process is in fact going on in the entire Western world, and possibly even globally. Paul Ray has carried out the largest up-to-date surveys of the changes in values over the past 20 years.

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Just remember that we are doing: the choosing for your children, for your children's children, and for a significant part of the biosphere as well. Epilogue 'The great challenge of the Modem Age is not to remake our world. but to remake ourselves. Be the change you wish to see for the world' - Mahatma Gandhi 'A problem cannot be solved with the same type of thinking that created it.' - Albert Einstien 'We don’t see things as they are. We see them as we are.' – Anais Nin Humanity and Planet Earth are at a cross-roads. The next 20 years will either see an irretrievable loss of biodiversity and a deterioration of the quality of life for vast numbers of people, or we will have moved up the next evolutionary step.

Antonio-s-Gun-and-Delfino-s-Dream-True-Tales-of-Mexican-Migration
by Unknown

His mother was supposed to have cared for comedian Richard Pryor after Pryor lighted himself on fire smoking cocaine. Robles’s father was supposed to have once been a Roman Catholic priest, leaving the priesthood to marry Robles’s mother. His father had an affinity for great philosophers. Robles’s brother was an ex-convict named Mahatma Gandhi Robles. What was undeniable was that by , Albert had assembled an impressive array of enemies: city unions and business owners, white seniors, and a good many Latino politicians; and soon, the editorial board of every newspaper in the area. Pastors at South Gate churches usually avoided politics.

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Nevertheless, in filing to run for office, she had listed a South Gate apartment complex as her address. Apartment residents told visitors that she didn’t live there. “How people do ask about her,” said a woman who lived in the South Gate apartment Benavides claimed to occupy. Benavides was registered to vote at that address, but then so had Robles’s brother, Mahatma Gandhi Robles, and there was no evidence he lived there, either. Within two days of reporters inquiring about Benavides at the address, a white mailbox on a post was installed in fresh concrete by the side of the house with “Benavides” emblazoned on it in black letters for all to see. Curiously, too, Benavides seemed incapable of speaking in public.

We Are All Fast-Food Workers Now: The Global Uprising Against Poverty Wages
by Annelise Orleck
Published 27 Feb 2018

If the hunger strikers died before winning their due, the person at whose door the fast took place was dishonored before the community. Walmart workers’ fasts at the homes of Walton family members and CEOs fit that ancient frame. Women used hunger strikes in early twentieth-century Britain and the United States to demand the right to vote. Mahatma Gandhi completed seventeen fasts during the Indian independence struggle. Irish Republican Army activists launched prison fasts in the 1970s and early 1980s. (IRA leader Bobby Sands starved himself to death in 1981.) Since 2000, detainees at Guantanamo have gone on hunger strikes to protest violations of their human rights, as have Palestinian prisoners in Israel and women detainees at immigration prisons in Arizona and Texas.16 Maria Elena Durazo and UNITE HERE have long mounted hunger strikes.

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So, she and sixteen colleagues went on hunger strike. They pitched tents outside the Palace Station, where they sat in 100-degree desert heat. For a week, they consumed only water as they explained to passing tourists why they were fasting. The press described the protesters as a cross between Occupy Wall Street, Cesar Chavez, and Mahatma Gandhi. Casino managers called the hunger strikers union terrorists. Not until March 2017, after numerous protests and an NLRB suit, did the Station Casinos agree to let their workers unionize. In March 2017, Norma Flores signed her first union contract.19 One month later, amid festivities for accepted students, Yale University graduate research and teaching assistants began a hunger strike in front of the office of university president Peter Salovey.

Beyond Outrage: Expanded Edition: What Has Gone Wrong With Our Economy and Our Democracy, and How to Fix It
by Robert B. Reich
Published 3 Sep 2012

In 1966, Huerta negotiated a contract between the farmworkers and the Schenley Wine Company; it was the first time farmworkers effectively negotiated a contract to improve their pay and working conditions. Or think of other great leaders who had no formal authority but changed the world—Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela. Leaders get people to actively work on what needs to be done. To do this, leaders need to help people overcome the four “work-avoidance mechanisms” that most of the rest of us carry around in our heads. Those mechanisms are denial that a problem exists, the desire to escape responsibility even when we recognize the problem, the tendency to scapegoat others for causing it, and—worst of all—cynicism about the possibility of ever remedying the problem.

Keep It Real: Everything You Need to Know About Researching and Writing Creative Nonfiction
by Lee Gutkind
Published 1 Jan 2008

To trace the arc of memoir through the centuries, from St. Augustine to Mary Karr, would require a book-length manuscript. Memoirists have typically been heavy hitters: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Virginia Woolf, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, E. B. White, Gertrude Stein, Ulysses S. Grant, Mahatma Gandhi, Bill Clinton, Gore Vidal, George Orwell, Leon Trotsky, Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain, Maya Angelou, Frederick Douglass, Black Elk, Helen Keller, Carl Jung, Jean-Paul Sartre, and on and on. But look beyond the list of notables, and you’ll find a genre that practically guarantees a populist platform.

Small Change: Why Business Won't Save the World
by Michael Edwards
Published 4 Jan 2010

Within this broad coalition, social entrepreneurs are people “who work in an entrepreneurial manner, but for public or social benefit, rather than to make money.”2 They are “transformative forces who will not take ‘no’ for an answer” in their efforts to solve large-scale social problems. In his book How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, David Bornstein includes Florence Nightingale, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and even St. Francis of Assisi, as well as people who have become standard-bearers for this new movement, such as Mohammad Yunus of the Grameen Bank and Bill Drayton of Ashoka.3 What St. Francis would have thought about this designation is another matter, though someone who made a virtue out of humility hardly seems like a natural candidate.

Paris Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

Instead, your visit is on your terms, whether you want to lie on the floor to watch moving works of art projected onto the ceiling or stand in the centre of a room, transfixed by the colours beneath your feet that move to the beats of music. g Modern Art g Contents Google Map FONDATION LOUIS VUITTON Map 6; 8 Avenue du Mahatma Gandhi, 16th; ///miles.spooked.invent; www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr Though this striking building is tucked away in the bucolic Bois de Boulogne, it’s no secret, rising above the trees like billowing sails. The space is dedicated to contemporary art (rather than Vuitton’s signature fashion) and the unconventional exhibitions demand as much attention as the exterior, drawing creatives who religiously trek from the centre of Paris to attend new openings. » Don’t leave without seeing the view of Paris’s skyline from the rooftop terrace.

The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World
by Michael Marmot
Published 9 Sep 2015

It is the issue of education to which we turn next. 5 Education and Empowerment We want to provide only such education as would enable the student to earn more. We hardly give any thought to the improvement of the character of the educated. The girls, we say, do not have to earn; so why should they be educated? As long as such ideas persist there is no hope of our ever knowing the true value of education. Mahatma Gandhi You are a young girl sitting outside a rude shelter, humble but home, in a Bangladeshi village, watching your baby brother play in the dirt – your parents are both at work – and daydreaming. The fairy godmother appears and asks: ‘How would you like a more secure future, better nutrition, a paid job, control over the decision if and when to get married, defence against being beaten by your husband, control over your sexuality and childbearing, increased chance that children you choose to have survive and grow in good health?

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Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man [woman] whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is going to be of any use to him [her]. Will he [she] gain anything by it? Will it restore him [her] to a control over his [her] own life and destiny? In other words, will it lead to swaraj [freedom] for the hungry and spiritually starving millions? Then you will find your doubts and your self melt away. Mahatma Gandhi ‘You are the first white man who spoke to me in a way I could believe in; what you said: did it include me?’ Then the Maori woman, in traditional Maori fashion, introduced herself by saying who her grandparents and parents were. She finished: ‘I think what you said includes me, but I want to hear from you that it is so.’

Breakout Nations: In Pursuit of the Next Economic Miracles
by Ruchir Sharma
Published 8 Apr 2012

Lately India’s governing Congress Party has turned to generous spending in an effort to recover the political backing it had lost to an array of regional parties in recent decades. Brazil offered what was probably the emerging world’s most generous welfare program—the Bolsa Familia income supports—that is, until 2005, when the Congress Party in India pushed through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), which guarantees the rural poor one hundred days of public-sector employment each year, at an annual cost to the treasury of nearly $10 billion. It was easy enough for India to increase spending in the midst of a global boom, but the spending has continued to rise in the post-crisis period.

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Kospi,” 153, 164 drug cartels, 74, 79–80 Dubai, 188, 214, 218–19 Dubai World, 214 Dubrovnik, 97 Dun Qat refinery, 201 DuPont, 9 “Dutch disease,” 179, 220 earnings, corporate, 3 East African Community (EAC), 208–9 East Asia, 8, 10, 46, 131–32, 146, 196–97, 208, 245 “East Asian tigers,” 8, 10, 146 “easy money,” 5–6, 11, 13–14, 38, 105, 133, 176–77, 182–83 economic transformation program (ETP), 151 economies: agrarian, 9, 17–18, 21, 22, 27 business cycles in, 2, 5–6, 11, 223 command-and-control, 29–30, 39, 156, 199–200 commodity, 133–34, 137–38, 223–39 counter-cyclical, 120–21 developing, see developing countries diversified, 165–66 emerging markets in, vii–x, 2–11, 37–38, 47, 64, 94, 185–91, 198–99, 242–49, 254–55, 259–62 forecasting on, x, 1–14, 17, 18, 31–32 global, 1–2, 4–5, 6, 7–8, 9, 12, 14, 18–19, 37, 38, 51–52, 68–71, 153–55, 158–59, 161, 167–69, 170, 176, 178, 183–91, 222–24, 228–31, 233–36, 241–42, 249–54 growth rates in, 8–11, 185–91, 244–49, 254–55 historical trends in, ix–x, 2, 9, 10–11 knowledge, 236–37 parallel, 79–80 recessions in, 5–6, 9, 11, 18, 34, 80, 101, 109, 131, 132, 144, 225, 244, 249–51 “tiger,” 8, 10, 46 volatility of, 249–51 see also specific countries Economist, 207 education, x, 5, 12, 22, 63, 65, 76, 121, 168–69, 206, 218, 220 efficiency, 63–64 “efficient corruption,” 135–37 Egypt: author’s visit to, ix corruption in, 217 economic reform in, 27, 28, 126–27, 217–18 as emerging market, 204, 235 foreign investment in, ix, 92 inflation rate in, 88 revolts in, 127, 216 stock market of, 190 Eighth Malaysian Plan, 151 Einstein, Albert, 238 El Beblawi, Hazem, 128 el dedazo (“the big finger”), 76–77 election cycles, 2 electromagnetic radiation, 17 “electronic wallet,” 208 Elle, 53 emerging markets, vii–x, 2–11, 37–38, 47, 64, 94, 185–91, 198–99, 242–49, 254–55, 259–62 energy efficiency, 226–27 energy sector, 5, 13, 51–52, 67–68, 82, 125, 170, 212–13, 215, 223, 224–29 English language, 37, 52–53, 141, 196, 203–4 entrepreneurship, 38, 43, 58, 96, 144, 166, 186, 225 entry point projects (EPPs), 151 environmental issues, 17, 135 Equatorial Guinea, 210 Erbakan, Necmettin, 114–15 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip, 111, 112, 113–14, 116–18, 123, 124–28, 210, 245 “errors and omissions,” 150 Eskom, 177 Estonia, 109 euro, 100, 105, 107, 108 Eurocentrism, 206 Europe: agriculture in, 231–32 banking system of, 12 Central and Eastern, 8, 11, 97–110, 121, 170, 203, 247 debt levels in, 57, 97, 100, 121–22, 252 economy of, 7, 12, 107–8, 230, 241, 245 foreign investment by, 2, 7, 20, 100, 104–8 foreign trade of, 145, 159 GDP in, 20, 100 government deficits in, 100 growth rate of, 6, 241, 242 manufacturing sector of, 247 political unity of, 11, 49, 53, 97–98, 208–9 recessions in, 101, 132 unemployment in, 101, 126 welfare states in, 63 see also specific countries European Community (EC), 208–9 European Union (EU), 11, 97–98, 101, 105, 106–8, 109, 115–16, 118, 121–22, 159, 253–54 Eurozone, 11, 99–100, 105, 106–8, 109, 121–22, 254 expatriate workers, 219 Facebook, 41 factories, 17–18, 22–23, 28, 43, 67, 68, 132, 230 “fairness creams,” 54 family enterprises, 125–26, 134–38, 155, 160, 161–63, 167–69, 254 “farmhouses,” vii–viii fast-food outlets, 53 Federal Palace Hotel, 212 Federal Reserve Board, 5–6, 222 feeder ships, 200 Femsa, 75 Fiat, 120 fiber-optic cables, 207–8 Fidesz Party, 104–5 Fiji, 4 film industry, 44, 47, 167, 186, 211 “financialization of commodities,” 227–28 Finland, 238, 251 First Coming, 243 fishing industry, 193 five-year plans, 20, 27, 150–51 Forbes, 47, 91 “forced listing,” 188 Ford, 75, 120 foreign investment, vii–x, 2, 7–8, 9, 18, 20, 32, 35–36, 37, 43–44, 49–50, 59, 63, 64, 66, 68–72, 86, 87, 91–94, 100, 104–8, 118, 119–20, 133–35, 137, 139, 140–41, 144, 146–50, 151, 183–84, 198–200, 201, 203–5, 206, 225 foreign trade, vii, x, 6, 7, 13, 18, 20–21, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32–33, 43, 59, 61, 62, 67–68, 72, 75, 80, 83, 85, 86, 90, 117, 120, 122, 132, 133–34, 144–45, 147, 148, 157, 158–59, 162, 178, 183, 196–97, 198, 206, 220, 223, 226, 232, 233–34 Four Seasons Hotel, 111, 232, 233 Four Seasons Index, 232, 233 “$4,000 barrier,” 7–11 Fourth World, 185–91, 204–9, 220, 221 Fox, Vicente, 77 Fraga, Arminio, 72 France, 63, 100, 121, 123–24 Franklin, Benjamin, 214 Freedom House, 205 “free float,” 188 free markets, x, 8–9, 96, 104 French, Patrick, 47 French Riviera, 59–61 frontier markets, 89, 185–91, 213, 261–62 Fujian Province, 164 futures contracts, 5 Gandhi, Indira, 55 Gandhi, Rahul, 48 Gandhi, Sanjay, 55 Gandhi, Sonia, 39 Gandhi family, 39, 47–48, 55, 57 gas, natural, 13, 85, 179, 214, 215, 217, 225, 235 gasoline, 126, 215 GaveKal Dragonomics, 229 Gaziantep, 125 General Electric, 9 generators, electric, 212–13 Germany: billionaires in, 45 economy of, 103 as EU member, 107, 121 GDP of, 247 low-context society of, 40 manufacturing sector in, 157, 158–59, 247 population of, 37 public transportation in, 16 South Korea compared with, 168–69 Germany, East, 102 Gertken, Matthew, 29 Ghana, 187 Gibson, Mel, 129 Gini coefficient, 173 Girl’s Generation, 167 glass manufacturing, 221 Globo, 61 GM, 75, 163 “go-go stocks,” 3 gold, 3, 141, 176, 178, 179–80, 192, 202, 205, 224, 229–30 “Goldilocks economy,” 4, 5–6 gold shares, 179–80 gold standard, 178 Goldstone, Jack, 217 Goodhart, Charles, 11 Goodhart’s law, 11 Google, 41, 237–38 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 103 “Goulash Communism,” 101 government paper, 116 government spending, 41–42, 63, 65, 66–67, 70–71, 72, 86, 87–88, 109, 133, 181–83, 190 government transformation program (GTP), 151 graft, 43–44 see also corruption Great Britain: auto industry in, 31 empire of, 49, 118, 192 foreign investment by, 206 government of, 89 labor force of, 100 public transportation in, 16 socialism in, 150 Great Depression, 101, 109, 252–53 Great Moderation, 250–51 Great Recession (2008), 5–6, 9, 59, 66, 76, 80–81, 88, 92–93, 100, 101, 102, 103, 109, 119, 122, 131, 144, 180, 189, 225, 243, 247–49, 250, 254 Greece, 11, 27, 30, 99, 100, 107–8, 121, 181, 252 green revolution, 231–32 Greenspan, Alan, 6 gross domestic product (GDP), 1, 3–4, 6, 17, 18, 20, 26, 32, 43, 49, 57, 63, 65, 66, 67, 72, 85, 92, 100, 107, 110, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 131, 133, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144–45, 147, 149, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 165, 170, 173, 178–79, 180, 191, 206, 208, 210, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219, 228, 236, 243, 247, 252 Group of Twenty (G20), 215 growth corridors, 151 Gül, Abdullah, 118, 123–24, 127 Gulf States, 214–21, 244, 245 see also specific states Gupta, Anil K., 237 Habarana, 196 Hall, Edward, 39–40 Hallyu, 167 Hambantota, 197 Hanoi, 198, 200 Han people, 53 Harmony Gold, 180 Harvard School of Public Health, 241 Havel, Václav, 111 Hayek, Friedrich, 109 Hazare, Anna, 42–43 headscarves, 123–24 health care, 63 helicopters, 60, 64, 72 herd behavior, 8, 228–31 high-context societies, 39–40, 41, 47 high-speed trains, 15–16, 20, 21 highways, 17, 20, 21, 65, 231 Hindi language, 52–53, 56 “Hindu rate of growth,” 174 Hindustan Times, 53 Hirsch, Alan, 178 Ho Chi Minh City, 200, 201, 203 Honda, 161 Hong Kong, 9, 141, 235 “Hopeless Continent,” viii Hotel Indonesia Kempinksi, 129 hotels, 12, 31, 59–61, 65, 111, 232, 233 “hot money,” 149–50 housing prices, 5–6, 16, 18, 24–25, 28–29, 31, 32, 61, 92, 103–4 HP, 158 Huang, Yukon, 28 Huang Guangyu, 46 Hu Jintao, 29 Humala, Ollanta, 66–67 human-rights violations, 193 Hungary: banking in, 105 as breakout nation, 99–100, 101 economic growth of, 99, 104–6, 109 as emerging market, 104–6 as EU candidate, 100, 105 foreign investment in, 104, 105 GDP of, 100 growth rate of, 244 income levels of, 8 industrial production in, 101 political situation in, 104–5, 109 population of, 106 post-Communist era of, 101, 104 welfare programs of, 106 Hussein, Saddam, 195 Huxley, Aldous, x hyperinflation, 39, 42, 62, 66 “hypermarkets,” 90–91 Hyundai, 90, 156, 158, 161–63, 168 identification cards, 213 immigration, 79, 82, 85, 95 income: national levels of, 4, 8, 11, 16–21, 24–25, 31–32, 38, 58, 61, 63, 72, 75, 83, 86–87, 88, 97–98, 113, 116, 121, 138, 139–40, 141, 144, 145, 148, 153–55, 157, 173, 176–77, 182–83, 204 per capita, ix, 7–8, 11, 13, 19–21, 41, 58, 61, 63, 72, 73–75, 76, 88, 97–98, 109, 116, 127, 131–32, 138, 148, 176–77, 204, 207, 216, 244, 245–46 taxation of, 44, 51, 63, 76, 86, 106, 126–27, 182, 214, 221 India, 35–58 agriculture of, 38, 44, 54, 57 auto industry of, 54, 161, 162, 173 baby-boom generation in, 37–38 billionaires in, viii, 25, 44–47, 79, 254 Brazil compared with, 10, 39–43, 61, 70 as breakout nation, 38–39, 49 capitalism in, 38–39, 42, 46–47, 49, 50–51, 58 China compared with, 1, 10, 19, 25, 36, 37–38, 41, 45, 47, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58 consumer prices in, 38, 39, 49, 52–54, 57 corruption in, 42, 43–44, 45, 46–47, 49–51, 58 credit market in, 38, 51 debt levels in, 57–58 democracy in, 30, 48–49, 50, 55–56, 58 “demographic dividend” for, 37–38, 55–56, 58 domestic market of, 36, 43 economic reforms in, 28, 38–39, 49 economy of, 28, 35–58, 174, 204 elections in, 48–49, 50, 55 “Emergency” period of, 55–56 as emerging market, 3–4, 10, 30, 35–39, 43, 49, 106, 253 English spoken in, 37, 52–53 entrepreneurship in, 38, 43, 58 film industry of (Bollywood), 44, 47, 167, 211 forecasts about, 35–36, 37, 39–40 foreign investment in, vii–viii, 7, 35–36, 37, 43–44, 49–50, 183, 225 foreign trade of, vii, 43, 157 Gandhi family in, 39, 47–48, 55, 57 GDP of, 1, 3–4, 43, 49, 57 as global economy, 1, 37, 38, 51–52 government of, 30, 38–39, 41–43, 47–52, 55–58 government spending in, 41–42 growth rate of, 3–4, 9, 30, 35–58, 61, 64, 87, 88, 174, 241, 244 high-context society in, 39–40, 47 income levels of, 8, 19, 54, 58 independence of, 174, 175, 176 Indonesia compared with, 135, 136 inflation rate in, 39, 43–44, 248 infrastructure of, 10, 43, 51 investment levels in, 43–44, 49–50 labor market in, 38, 55 leadership of, 38–39, 41–42, 47–52, 57–58, 174 License Raj of, 38 middle class of, 42–43, 52–56 mining industry of, 44, 254 natural resources of, 51–52, 235 northern vs. southern, 49–52, 54, 58 outsourcing industry in, 141 parliament of, 43, 44, 47–49 political situation in, 30, 37, 38–39, 47–49, 50, 55–58, 174 population of, 19, 37–38, 52–56, 57, 58, 95 poverty in, 41–42, 52–53, 57–58 price levels in, 53 productivity in, 64 real estate market in, 44, 254 “rope trick” in, 35–36, 36, 37, 58 rural areas of, 38, 57 Russia compared with, 36–37, 44–45, 46, 87, 88, 95 social unrest in, 42–43, 55–56 Sri Lanka’s relations with, 196, 197 state governments of, 37, 44, 48–52 sterilization (vasectomy) program in, 55–56 stock market of, 36–37, 38, 70, 189, 243, 244 taxation in, 44, 51 technology sector of, 141, 166, 254 unemployment in, 41–42 wealth in, vii–viii, 25, 44–47, 57, 79 welfare programs of, 10, 41–42 India: A Portrait (French), 47 Indian Ocean, 197 Indonesia, 129–38 in Asian financial crisis, 131–35 banking in, 133–34, 135 billionaires in, 131–32 China compared with, 132–33, 135, 136 Chinese community in, 129 consumer prices in, 137–38, 232 corruption in, 134–35 currency of (rupiah), 131 economic reforms in, 132–38, 147 economy of, 28, 132–38, 147, 174, 254 elections in, 136–37 as emerging market, 133, 232 family enterprises in, 134, 138, 254 foreign investment in, 7, 133–35, 137 foreign trade of, 132, 133–34, 157, 159 GDP of, 131, 133 government of, 30, 132–37 growth rate of, 132–33, 136, 137, 245, 246, 254 income levels of, 8, 131–32, 138 India compared with, 135, 136 inflation rate of, 137–38, 249 labor market in, 23, 203 land development in, 135–36 national debt of, 134–35 natural resources of, 133–34, 159, 235 Philippines compared with, 132, 138, 140 political situation in, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 210 population of, 133, 136 Russia compared with, 137–38 urban decentralization in, 136–37 wealth of, 131–38 industrialization, 10, 67, 68, 101 inflation rate, x, 4, 5, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 33, 39, 42, 43–44, 62, 66, 68–69, 88, 104, 115, 116, 118, 137–38, 176, 177, 179, 202, 226, 228, 247–49, 250, 254 Infosys, 37 infrastructure, x, 10, 15–16, 20–21, 43, 51, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 84–85, 88, 90–91, 116, 120–21, 199, 200–201, 239 inheritance taxes, 44 insider trading, 46, 187 Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), 76–78 Intel, 164, 203–4 intellectual property, 238 interbank loans, 150 interest rates, 6, 11, 62, 67, 68–70, 105, 106, 107, 115, 119, 120, 228–29, 247–49, 250 internal devaluation, 108, 109 International Finance Corporation, 214 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 101, 115, 160, 173, 208, 216–17 Internet, 2, 85, 173, 175, 177, 207–8, 220, 225, 230, 237–39 interregional exports, 206–7 investment, viii, x, 2–8, 19, 37, 90, 96, 131, 144, 146–50, 156, 160–61, 165, 190, 212–13, 220, 223–29, 231, 235, 236–38, 244 see also foreign investment Ipanema Beach, 21, 61, 65, 66 Iran, 10, 123, 189, 190 Iraq, 10, 122, 189, 195 iron, 51–52, 59, 67, 69, 180, 232 Iron Curtain, 101 Iskandar region growth agenda, 151 Islam, 111, 113–17, 119, 121, 122, 123–24, 127, 146, 162, 211, 219, 220, 246 Islamic Museum, 219 Israel, 122, 127 Istanbul, 111, 115, 122, 125, 146 Italy, 40, 99 Ivory Coast, 208 Izmir, 115, 124, 125, 146 Jaffna Peninsula, 193, 195 Jakarta, 129–31, 135, 136, 137, 232 Jalan Sudirman, 129 Japan: in Asian financial crisis, 155–56 auto industry of, 139, 144, 161 China compared with, 18, 20, 22, 24, 31, 32–33 currency of (yen), 32–33 democratic government of, 30 economic slowdown of, 22, 254 economy of, 8, 20, 22, 81, 90, 197, 230, 235, 242, 253, 254 foreign trade of, 7, 32–33, 144–45, 157, 159 GDP of, 144–45 growth rate of, 6, 32–33, 44, 235 income levels of, 20, 138, 144 inflation rate in, 31 manufacturing sector of, 157, 159, 170, 230, 235 pop culture in, 167 population of, 169 property values in, 24, 252 public transportation in, 20 real estate market in, 3 recession in, 109 research and development (R&D) in, 160–61, 237 social conformity in, 200 South Korea compared with, 153, 155–56, 157, 159, 160–61, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 170 stock market of, 156, 235 Taiwan’s relations with, 163–64 technology industry of, 160–61, 236–38 Thailand compared with, 139, 144–45 Java, 137 “Jeepneys,” 130, 138 Jews, 118, 149 Jharkhand, 46 Jiang Zemin, 29 Jobbik (Movement for a Better Hungary), 105 Jockey underwear, 54 Johannesburg, 181, 204 Jonathan, Goodluck, 209–11, 213 Jordan, 122 J-pop, 167 junk bonds, 228 “just-in-time” supply chains, 80 Kabila, Laurent, 205 Kagame, Paul, 206 Kano, 213 Kaohsiung, 136 Kapoor, Ekta, 41 Karachi, 190 Karnataka, 50, 51 Kashmir, 49, 50 Kasimpasa neighborhood, 125 Kayseri, 124 Kazakhstan, 30, 89, 93, 123, 212 Kazan, 85 Kennedy, John F., 129 Kenya, 191, 205, 209 Keynes, John Maynard, 109 KGB, 86 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 87 Kia, 161, 162–63 kidnappings, 78–79, 190–91 Kim Jong Il, 170 Kinshasa, 205 Kirchner, Cristina, 89 Kirchner, Nestor, 89 Klaus, Vaclav, 108 Koç family, 125 “Korea Discount,” 167–69 “Korean Wave,” 122, 167 KOSPI index, 70, 153, 155, 156, 164, 165 K-pop, 122, 154, 167 Kuala Lumpur, 147, 148, 151 Kumar, Nitish, 50–51 Kuwait, 187–88, 214, 216, 218, 219 Kuznets curve, 76 labor market, 7, 17, 21–23, 27, 32, 38, 47, 55, 64, 65, 76, 77, 102, 103, 104, 164, 169–70, 174–75, 179, 180–81, 199, 203–4, 246–47 Lada, 86 Lafarge, 213 Lagos, 211, 212, 213 landlines, 207 land-use laws, 25, 168 Laos, 188 laptop computers, 158, 164 large numbers, law of, 7 Last Train Home, The, 22–23 Latin America, viii, 40–41, 42, 73–75, 81, 89, 246 see also specific countries Latvia, 101 Lavoisier, Antoine, 235–36 law, rule of, x, 50–51, 89, 96, 127, 181–82 lead, 19 Leblon neighborhood, 61 Lee Kwan Yew, 118, 148, 193 Lehman Brothers, 164 Le Thanh Hai, 203 Lewis, Arthur, 21 “Lewis turning point,” 21 LG, 158, 163 “Liberation Tigers” of Tamil Eelam, 192–93, 197 Liberty, 178 Libya, 127, 216 Limpopo River, 171 Linux, 238 liquidity, 9, 228–30 liquor stores, 126 literacy rate, 52 Lithuania, 101, 109 Lixin Fan, 22–23 loans, personal, 12, 24, 116, 125, 150 long-run forecasting, 1–14 L’Oréal, 31 Louis Vuitton, 31 Lugano, 40 Lula da Silva, Inácio, 59, 61, 66, 70, 210, 226, 248 luxury goods, vii–viii, 12, 25, 31, 236 Macao, 201 macroeconomics, 7–8, 13, 66, 67, 145–46, 188 “macromania,” 7–8, 188 Made in America, Again, 246–47 “made in” label, 155, 246–47 Madhya Pradesh, 52 maglev (magnetic levitation) trains, 15–16, 231 Magnit, 90–91 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 41–42 Malaysia, 146–52 in Asian financial crisis, 18, 131–32, 146–47, 149–50 banking in, 146, 149–50, 151, 252 currency of (ringgit), 131, 146–47, 149 economic planning in, 150–52, 161 economy of, 18, 118, 150–52, 161, 235 electronics industry of, 147–48 as emerging market, 10, 45, 118, 149, 161, 235 foreign investment in, 146–50, 151 foreign trade of, 6, 144, 147, 157 GDP of, 145, 147, 149 government of, 146, 148–52 growth rate of, 9, 147–48, 149, 244 income levels of, 138, 148 manufacturing sector in, 147–48, 150 political situation in, 146–49 Singapore compared with, 118 stock market of, 131, 235 Thailand compared with, 144, 145, 147 wealth of, 148 Mali, 208 Malta, 30, 106 Malthus, Thomas, 225, 231–32 Mandela, Nelson, 171, 172, 176 Manila, 130, 138, 139, 140, 141 Manuel, Trevor, 176 manufacturing sector, 17–18, 22–23, 28, 43, 54, 75, 80, 88–89, 90, 110, 124, 132, 147–48, 150, 155, 157, 158–59, 160, 161–66, 168, 170, 180, 221, 230, 235, 246–47, 265 Maoism, 37, 47 Mao Zedong, 21, 27, 29 Marcos, Ferdinand, 138, 139, 210 markets: black, 13–14, 96, 126 capital, 69, 70–71; see also capital flows commodity, 12, 13–14, 223–39 currency, 4, 9, 13, 28 domestic, 36, 43, 183 emerging, vii–x, 2–11, 37–38, 47, 64, 94, 185–91, 198–99, 242–49, 254–55, 259–62 free, x, 8–9, 96, 104 frontier, 89, 185–91, 213, 261–62 housing, 5–6, 16, 18, 24–25, 28–29, 31, 32, 61, 92, 103–4 labor, 7, 17, 21–23, 27, 32, 38, 47, 55, 64, 65, 76, 77, 102, 103, 104, 164, 169–70, 174–75, 179, 180–81, 199, 203–4, 246–47 see also stock markets Mato Grosso, 232 Mayer-Serra, Carlos Elizondo, 78 MBAs, 225 Mbeki, Thabo, 176, 206 Medellín drug cartel, 79 Medvedev, Dmitry, 95–96 Mercedes-Benz, 86, 144 Merkel, Angela, 108 Mexican peso crisis, 4, 9 Mexico, 73–82 antitrust laws in, 81–82 banking in, 81, 82 billionaires in, 45, 47, 71, 78–80 Brazil compared with, 71, 75 China compared with, 80, 82 consumer prices in, 75–76 corruption in, 76–77 currency of (peso), 4, 9, 73, 80, 131 drug cartels in, 79–80 economy of, 4, 12, 28, 73–82, 178, 183 emigration from, 79, 82 foreign exports of, 6, 75, 80, 158 GDP of, 76, 77, 81 government of, 76–78 growth rate of, 73–82, 244 income levels of, 8, 73–75, 76, 113 labor unions in, 76, 77 national debt of, 76, 80–81 nationalization in, 77–78 oil industry of, 75, 77–78, 82 oligopolies in, 73, 75, 76–82, 178 parliament of, 76–77 political situation in, 76–78, 82 population of, 73 stock market of, 73, 75, 76, 81 taxation in, 76 U.S. compared with, 75, 79, 80 Mexico City, 75 micromanagement, 151 middle class, 10, 19–20, 33, 42–43, 52–56, 182, 211, 236 Middle East, 38, 65, 68, 113, 116, 122, 123, 125, 166, 170, 189, 195, 214–21, 234, 246 middle-income barrier, 19–20, 144–45 middle-income deceleration, 20 Miller, Arthur, 223 minimum wage, 29, 63, 126, 137 mining industry, 44, 93, 154, 175, 176, 178–80 Miracle Year (2003), 3–6 misery index, 248–49 Mittal, Sunil Bharti, 204–5, 206, 209 mobile phones, 53, 86, 204–5, 207–8, 212, 237 Mohammed, Mahathir, 146–47, 148, 151 Moi, Daniel arap, 205 monetization, 225 Money Game, The (Smith), 234 Mongolia, 191 monopolies, 13, 73, 75–76, 178–79 Monroe, Marilyn, 129 Monte Carlo, 94 “morphic resonance,” 185 mortgage-backed securities, 5 mortgages, 5, 92, 105–6 Moscow, 12, 83, 84, 90, 91, 96, 136, 137, 232 mosques, 111 Mou Qizhong, 46 Mozambique, 184, 194–95, 198, 206 M-Pesa, 208 MTN, 212–13 Mubarak, Gamal, 218 Mubarak, Hosni, 92, 127, 218 Mugabe, Robert, 176, 181 Multimedia Supercorridor, 151 multinational corporations, 53, 73, 75, 81, 151, 158–59, 160, 184, 230 Mumbai, 43, 44, 79, 214, 244 Murder 2, 167 Murphy’s law, 11 Muslim Brotherhood, 127 Mutual, 178 mutual funds, 178–79 Myanmar, 30 Myspace, 41 Naipaul, V.

Together
by Vivek H. Murthy, M.D.
Published 5 Mar 2020

The scientists who first recognized this vital function thought that perhaps, if we could learn to respond to loneliness (like we do to hunger and thirst), instead of surrendering to it, we might be able to reduce both its duration and negative effects and actually improve the overall quality of our lives. The first step was to study the tandem evolution of social connection and loneliness. Chapter 2 The Evolution of Loneliness With every true friendship, we build more firmly the foundations on which the peace of the whole world rests. —Mahatma Gandhi If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other. —Mother Teresa One warm fall afternoon in 2017, while visiting my parents in Miami, I joined Iowa Public Radio by phone to speak with callers about loneliness. I was pacing outside on the driveway as I listened and talked, and my feet were bare, an old habit from childhood, when I would run through this very yard feeling the earth between my toes.

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Or, as sociologists Christian Smith and Hilary Davidson put it, in giving we receive, and in grasping we lose.7 The point that this makes is essential. The practice of service need not be onerous, distracting, or draining, but it must be kind. Ideally, through service this kindness becomes a deeper part of who we are, woven into our character. This is what India’s great spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi meant when he said, “The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.”8 Researchers lately have picked up this thread from a neuroscientific perspective. One of them is Dr. Steve Cole.9 Service, Cole told me, is tied together with purpose and meaning, and all three play potent roles in social connectedness.

The Great Experiment: Why Diverse Democracies Fall Apart and How They Can Endure
by Yascha Mounk
Published 19 Apr 2022

But when the Second World War ended, even nations that nominally counted among its victors recognized that they had lost the strength to sustain their empires. Though countries from Britain to Portugal continued to fight a bloody rearguard battle for decades to come, it was obvious that the age of colonialism was coming to an end. Nationalists like Mahatma Gandhi in India and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya finally attained their long-awaited goal of building independent nations. But securing domestic peace would, it quickly became apparent, prove an even greater challenge than winning the anticolonial war. Before they were ruled by colonial powers, few parts of the world had resembled modern nation-states.

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The modern roots of this conception lie in the United States. But, over time, it has planted offshoots around the world. When the founders of India tried to figure out how they could give an identity to a vast new country that had a Hindu majority but also included a large number of Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and Parsis, Mahatma Gandhi championed an Indian version of civic patriotism. “When the Republic of India was created in 1950, its citizens sought to be united on a set of ideals,” the Indian historian Ramachandra Guha writes. “The basis of citizenship was adherence to these values, not to [. . .] a shared faith or a common enemy.”

Migrant City: A New History of London
by Panikos Panayi
Published 4 Feb 2020

London has played a role in the evolution of virtually every radical political ideology over the last two centuries, whether communism, pan-Africanism or a host of nationalist ideologies which led to the overthrow of both the continental nineteenth-century empires and to British imperialism. It appears that every revolutionary leader of the period from the end of the eighteenth to the middle of twentieth century spent time in London, from Karl Marx, Lajos Kossuth and Giuseppe Garibaldi through to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Jomo Kenyatta, Mahatma Gandhi – and beyond that, a series of governments in exile which based themselves in London waiting for the defeat of the Nazis in Europe, perhaps most famously the Free French led by Charles de Gaulle. The presence of the conservative but nationalist French leader points to the fact that London has acted as home to political exiles from all parts of the political spectrum, beginning with those fleeing the French Revolution in the 1790s, although, while fascism may have had adherents in London, this city played little role in the evolution of this ideology.

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The presence of the conservative but nationalist French leader points to the fact that London has acted as home to political exiles from all parts of the political spectrum, beginning with those fleeing the French Revolution in the 1790s, although, while fascism may have had adherents in London, this city played little role in the evolution of this ideology. For some political thinkers spending time in the home of the mother of parliaments, their sojourn proved fundamental in the evolution of their ideas including, for example, Karl Marx and Mahatma Gandhi. While Gandhi may have moved to the imperial capital voluntarily for the purpose of his legal education, Marx resembles countless other refugees who essentially spent time in London because it proved the closest place to revolutionary activity taking place on the European continent. London was almost a last resort but one which housed numerous other exiles who may have shared similar ideas, facilitating the evolution of communism and pan-Africanism, for example.

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Indian women, notably Sophia Duleep Singh, also became active in the Women’s Social and Political Union.107 The India League, which became the main organization campaigning for independence within Britain during the interwar years, came into existence in 1916 and brought together a wide range of Indians including seamen, students and professionals led by Vengalil Krishnan Krishna Menon, although it only had a membership of 180.108 The most famous Indian nationalist to visit London, Mahatma Gandhi, initially travelled to the imperial capital in order to study for the bar between 1888 and 1891 and interacted with the radical vegetarian movement and the theosophists, influenced by Indian religion. He returned in 1906 to lead a deputation to Parliament campaigning for the rights of Indians in South Africa and therefore established his reputation as a political campaigner in the heart of Empire.

You're a Horrible Person, but I Like You: The Believer Book of Advice
by The Believer
Published 15 Mar 2010

Fred … Dear Fred: I recently received an e-mail from a female friend whom I’d been romantically involved with over the summer. Things ended badly, and the e-mail was an apology for her jealous behavior. Should I accept her apology? Andrew McIntyre Washington, DC Dear Andrew: Here’s a quote from a speech by Mahatma Gandhi, 1945: “Breakups are hard. Breakups are hard. You say these things and it’s like … I don’t know. I don’t get jealous, you know? I just get mad sometimes. Like ‘What did that guy say to you?’ That kind of thing. A friend of mine is going through this and it’s like … I know what you’re going through.

You Are What You Read
by Jodie Jackson
Published 3 Apr 2019

People who have high levels of hope are able to persevere thanks to their increased flexibility of thought; they can move around obstacles by creating alternative routes.13 Thomas Edison, America’s greatest inventor and father of the light bulb, famously said, ‘I have not failed; I’ve just found ten thousand ways that won’t work.’ Despite his continued setbacks, his committed belief in his ability to make a difference helped him persevere. In fact, all of the visionaries who have shaped the world we live in share a common trait: they have all created worlds beyond what reality suggested possible. Mahatma Gandhi, leader of India’s independence; Martin Luther King Jr., leader of the civil rights movement; Steve Jobs, creator of Apple; Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel prize; the Wright brothers, aviation pioneers who have helped us travel at unimaginable speeds and unthinkable heights. These visionaries all had the ability to look beyond what is, to what could be.

Maths on the Back of an Envelope: Clever Ways to (Roughly) Calculate Anything
by Rob Eastaway
Published 18 Sep 2019

If you get within (say) 5% of the right answer, you are already a decent estimator. And if you are able to work out exactly the right answers to most of them in your head, that’s a bonus, and you can call yourself an arithmetician. (a) A meal costs £7.23. You pay £10 in cash. How much change do you get? (b) Mahatma Gandhi was born in October 1869 and died in January 1948. On his last birthday, how old was he? (c) A newsagent sells 800 chocolate bars at 70p each. What are his takings? (d) Kate’s salary is £28,000. Her company gives her a 3% pay rise. What is her new salary? (e) You drive 144 miles and use 4.5 gallons of petrol.

On the Grand Trunk Road: A Journey Into South Asia
by Steve Coll
Published 29 Mar 2009

Unshackled from its Nehruvian-socialist economic model, the country has birthed a new elite of conspicuous rich; a large, confident middle class with money to spend; and a media-soaked culture increasingly permissive about a style of conspicuous consumption that would astonish, and presumably pain, Mahatma Gandhi. There were glimmers of this possibility in 1992, but only that. “Shining India,” as the Hindu Nationalist political slogans today have it, is partly a mirage—poverty, illiteracy, profound income inequality, and backward infrastructure remain embedded behind the glare. Even so, India today is a markedly more stable and prosperous country than it was when I moved there to work fifteen years ago—and it is also the only country in South Asia of which that can be said.

…

As Benazir learned about politics in Larkana, so Abedi first learned about finance, wealth, power, and law in Mahmudabad’s centuries-old feudal world. In Mahmudabad a series of bejeweled Muslim rajas administered great tracts of land from a gold and silver throne. They financed idealistic politicians such as the Mahatma Gandhi and Pakistan founder Mohammed Ali Jinnah. They doled out gifts to their subjects, paid stipends to renowned poets and intellectuals, plotted against the British Empire, and finally witnessed the birth of independent India and Pakistan in a bloody spasm of post-Partition riots. Abedi and nearly all of BCCI’s senior executives migrated as young adults from what is now India to newly independent Islamic Pakistan in 1947 and 1948, when the kingdoms that the British had employed to rule South Asia fell.

Humankind: A Hopeful History
by Rutger Bregman
Published 1 Jun 2020

And if you greet only your brothers and sisters, what more are you doing than others?’2 The question is, can we take things a step further? What if we assume the best not only about our children, our co-workers, and our neighbours, but also about our enemies? That’s considerably more difficult and can go against our gut instincts. Look at Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr, perhaps the two greatest heroes of the twentieth century. They were pros at non-complementary behaviour, but then again they were extraordinary individuals. What about the rest of us? Are you and I capable of turning the other cheek? And can we make it work on a large scale – say, in prisons and police stations, after terrorist attacks or in times of war?

…

Towards a Healthy News Diet’, dobelli.com (August 2010). 31Frans de Waal, The Bonobo and the Atheist, pp. 38–9. 32Michael Ghiselin, The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex (Berkeley, 1974), p. 247. 33Joseph Henrich et al., ‘In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-Scale Societies’, American Economic Review (No. 2, 2001). 34David Sloan Wilson and Joseph Henrich, ‘Scientists Discover What Economists Haven’t Found: Humans’, Evonomics.com (12 July 2016). 35Quoted in David Sloan Wilson, ‘Charles Darwin as the Father of Economics: A Conversation with Robert Frank’, The Evolution Institute (10 September 2015). 36Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Rex Warner (1972), pp. 242–5. 37Saint Augustine, The Confessions of Saint Augustine, translated by Maria Boulding (2012), p. 12. 38Thomas Henry Huxley, The Struggle for Existence in Human Society (originally published in 1888). 39Herbert Spencer, Social Statistics, Chapter XVIII, paragraph 4 (1851). 40‘I refuse to believe that the tendency of human nature is always downward,’ said Mahatma Gandhi, the legendary leader of India’s independence movement, whom Churchill dismissed as a ‘half-naked fakir’. ‘Man’s goodness is a flame that can be hidden but never extinguished,’ said Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned for twenty-seven years by a criminal regime. 41Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays (Stillwell, 2008), p. 29.

The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830–1970
by John Darwin
Published 23 Sep 2009

The Seven Pillars of Wisdom was published for general circulation in 1935. 66. The title of the classic study by Elizabeth Monroe (1963). 67. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XVII, p. 371: Gandhi to Home-Rule League, Navajivan, 2 May 1920. 68. R. Gordon, ‘Non-cooperation and Council-Entry, 1919–1920’, Modern Asian Studies, 7, 3 (1973), 458. 69. D. Page, Prelude to Partition: The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of Control 1920–1932 (Oxford, 1982), p. 33. 70. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XVIII, p. 253: Speech at Calcutta Congress, 8 September 1920. 71. Ibid., p. 350: Speech at Lucknow, 15 October 1920. 72.

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Montagu, Indian Diary, p. 358: this was (Sir) William Marris, later governor of the United Provinces. 135. Report of the Indian National Congress Special Session, 29 August–1 September 1918. 136. Ibid., p. 103: this was B. C. Pal of Bengal. 137. Montagu Papers: Montagu to Chelmsford, 27 April 1918. 138. Montagu Papers: Notes prepared on the Rowlatt Act, n.d. 139. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. XIV, pp. 486–7: Gandhi to S. Sastri, 18 July 1918. 140. Recruiting Appeal, 22 June 1918, in M. Desai, Day to Day with Gandhi, vol 1, November 1917 to March 1919 (Eng. trans., Benares, 1968). Desai was Gandhi's personal secretary. 141. F. Robinson, Separatism among Indian Muslims (Cambridge, 1974), p. 289. 142.

…

Hasan (ed.), Mohamed Ali in Indian Politics: Selected Writings, vol. II (New Delhi, 1987). R. Kumar and H. D. Sharma (eds.), Selected Works of Motilal Nehru, 6 vols. (New Delhi, 1992–5). S. Gopal (ed.), Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru, First Series, 15 vols. (New Delhi, 1972–82). The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, 100 vols. (New Delhi, 1964–). Of the ever-increasing volume of material now available online, British Parliamentary Papers for the nineteenth and twentieth century, the Times Digital Archive, giving access to The Times since its first publication, The Mackenzie King Diaries, the Dictionary of Canadian Biography, the Australian Dictionary of Biography and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography were particularly useful.

Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products
by Nir Eyal
Published 26 Dec 2013

The role of facilitator fulfills the moral obligation for entrepreneurs building a product they will themselves use and that they believe materially improves the lives of others. As long as they have procedures in place to assist those who form unhealthy addictions, the designer can act with a clean conscience. To take liberties with Mahatma Gandhi’s famous quote, facilitators “build the change they want to see in the world.” 2. The Peddler Heady altruistic ambitions can at times outpace reality. Too often, designers of manipulative technology have a strong motivation to improve the lives of their users, but when pressed they admit they would not actually use their own creations.

Modern China: A Very Short Introduction
by Rana Mitter
Published 25 Feb 2016

Furthermore, one should note the heavy influence of internationalism in the shaping of modern Chinese culture. Even in the most closed period of modern Chinese history, during Mao’s rule, cultural models came from the USSR, and Marxist-Leninist ideas were widespread. In the period before 1949 and since 1978, a stunning variety of influences, from American management gurus to French philosophers to Mahatma Gandhi, have reshaped the Chinese sense of the modern self and the meaning of ‘Chinese culture’. Chapter 7 Brave new China? During the 2010s, China is likely to change yet further. Since the ascension to power of Xi Jinping, China has become less liberal at home and more assertive overseas.

The Gifted Adult: A Revolutionary Guide for Liberating Everyday Genius(tm)
by Mary-Elaine Jacobsen
Published 2 Nov 1999

Linguistic intelligence: A proficient and easy use of words and sensitivity to phrasing and the rhythm of language in poetry, song lyrics, and persuasive speaking, as with poet Walt Whitman, Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, musical wordsmith Bob Dylan, evangelist Billy Graham, and congressional orator Barbara Jordan Musical intelligence: A special sensitivity to tempo, pitch, timbre, and tone, and an ability to create and express musical arrangements that correspond to emotional experience, as in great composers, singers, and musicians such as conductor Arturo Toscanini, violinist Jascha Heifetz, legendary jazz composer Duke Ellington, and operatic diva Maria Callas Logical-mathematical intelligence: Powers of inductive and deductive reasoning in handling abstract relationship and predictions based on numbers and equations, so obvious in eminent economist John Kenneth Galbraith, the Harvard professor who administered the system of price controls during World War II; physicist Robert Goddard, father of modern space rocketry; statistician George Gallup, whose polls quantified public opinion; Arno Penzias, the Nobel laureate who confirmed the fabled big-bang theory of creation and pioneered new computer logic; and Lise Meitner, who coined the term “atomic fission” and solved extraordinary mathematical puzzles in her 1930s experiments with barium emission Spatial intelligence: The ability to visualize objects in the mind and transfer the information to something concrete, such as designing an airplane or laying out a movie set, as visible in phenoms such as Walt Disney; William Mulholland, the self-taught engineer whose photographic memory and “ditchdigger” genius developed the Los Angeles aqueduct system in the early 1900s; Howard Roark, the architect character in Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead; and painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso Bodily (kinesthetic) intelligence: Exceptional body control and refined motion that permits skillful expression of ideas and feelings through movement, as with Martha Graham’s poignant choreography and dance, Michael Jordan’s superstar athleticism, and the classic slapstick antics of Charlie Chaplin Interpersonal intelligence: Advanced understanding of human relations and management of feelings, as in the revolutionary insights of Carl Jung, Clara Barton, Eleanor Roosevelt, Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr., and Mourning Dove, who possessed the spirit to chronicle her people’s honored traditions both as a folklorist and novelist Intrapersonal intelligence: A sharp understanding of one’s inner landscape, motivations, emotions, needs, and goals, as with Herman Hesse, Sigmund Freud, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Merton, and Ingmar Bergman Naturalist intelligence: A special ability to grasp the intricate workings and relationships within nature; an instinctive reverence for a connection with animals, plants, minerals, ocean, sky, desert, and mountain, as in Henry David Thoreau; John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, who at age sixty-eight began a campaign to preserve the Yosemite Valley; and Isak Dinesen, whose years as a farmer on an East African highlands coffee plantation inspired her to write her celebrated memoir Out of Africa From this standpoint, hip-hop kids might be perceived as masters of musical, linguistic, and kinesthetic intelligences.

…

Personal experience is not the only value of intensity. Some experts in the area of leadership believe so-called dramatic individuals make the best leaders. They are charismatic models of loyalty to a cause who demonstrate unwavering commitment. One of our most valuable gifts is the ability to stir up enthusiasm in others. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Eleanor Roosevelt took the moral high ground and relied on emotional response to fuel their campaigns for justice. Without our having an emotional response to them, our experiences are just commonplace experiences, and we in particular are equipped for what Maslow called “peak” experiences.

In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India
by Edward Luce
Published 23 Aug 2006

Although there were other Dalit groups* required to perform more humiliating tasks, the Mahars were never permitted to enter temples or to draw water from the same well as the rest of the village. Ambedkar helped them to reject the role to which they were born. Other lower-caste leaders were agitating, along with Mahatma Gandhi, for Dalits to be given access to temples and wells. But Ambedkar was dismissive of the chances of bringing about any real change in the mentality of upper-caste Hindus. He declared that he did not want to enter their temples at all. “I was born a Hindu,” he said, “but I will not die a Hindu.”

…

Why can’t India’s Muslims be more like that?” At the time I did not answer. But it struck me later that Hindus are a minority in Indonesia, just as Muslims are in India. If you were to follow Modi’s line of thinking, the accurate parallel would be for India to put an Islamic symbol on one of its notes. Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi in conversation, 1946 (Empics) Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul at the twenty-first anniversary of the death of Indira Gandhi (Empics) Indira, 1979. The most formidable and ruthless leader India has yet seen (Getty Images) Manmohan Singh, India’s understated Prime Minister (Olivia Arthur) An Indian soldier launches a rocket at armed Muslim militants along the Line of Control, November 2001 (Getty Images) Pakistan’s President General Musharraf, September 2001 (Reuters/Corbis) Indian tanks parade on Republic Day, January 26, 2000 (Reuters/Corbis) Indian policemen form a security cordon around supporters of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) at a political rally (Emmanuel Dunand/AFP/Getty Images) Delhi’s new metro, September 2005 (Getty Images) Muslim women talk on their mobile phones outside a McDonald’s restaurant (Sohail Akbar) Old India: villagers draw water at a well (Getty Images) Bollywood megastar Amitabh Bachchan (far left) dances with Aishwarya Rai, Mumbai’s leading lady, and his son Abhishek Bachchan (Empics) One of modern India’s young couples (Olivia Arthur) Manmohan Singh and his wife, Gursharan Kaur, with President George W.

Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
by Yuval Noah Harari
Published 1 Jan 2011

Though in some places such as Malaya and Kenya the British tried to hang on by force of arms, in most places they accepted the end of empire with a sigh rather than with a temper tantrum. They focused their efforts not on retaining power, but on transferring it as smoothly as possible. At least some of the praise usually heaped on Mahatma Gandhi for his non-violent creed is actually owed to the British Empire. Despite many years of bitter and often violent struggle, when the end of the Raj came, the Indians did not have to fight the British in the streets of Delhi and Calcutta. The empire’s place was taken by a slew of independent states, most of which have since enjoyed stable borders and have for the most part lived peacefully alongside their neighbours.

…

So, is the modern era one of mindless slaughter, war and oppression, typified by the trenches of World War One, the nuclear mushroom cloud over Hiroshima and the gory manias of Hitler and Stalin? Or is it an era of peace, epitomised by the trenches never dug in South America, the mushroom clouds that never appeared over Moscow and New York, and the serene visages of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King? The answer is a matter of timing. It is sobering to realise how often our view of the past is distorted by events of the last few years. If this chapter had been written in 1945 or 1962, it would probably have been much more glum. Since it was written in 2014, it takes a relatively buoyant approach to modern history.

If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Happy?
by Raj Raghunathan
Published 25 Apr 2016

Chapter 7B THE SEVENTH HABIT OF THE HIGHLY HAPPY: MINDFULNESS Imagine that you’re given the opportunity to be a fly on the wall for any event. Which event would you choose? Would it be for a surreptitious meeting between JFK and Marilyn Monroe? Or would it be for the meeting between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Mountbatten on the night that India achieved freedom from Great Britain? Whatever event you choose, the idea of being a fly on the wall is that you are a disinterested observer. Not an uninterested observer, mind you, but a disinterested one. Uninterested means being bored and not interested.

…

This is why, as my coauthors and I documented in a series of studies, many consumers believe ethical products (for example, tires made out of biodegradable materials) can’t be as durable. But the truth is, it is possible to be both compassionate and strong; in fact, some of the world’s most well-respected leaders, like Mahatma Gandhi, Mandela, Mother Teresa, and Martin Luther King, were the epitome of both strength and compassion. Of course, one can more readily think of leaders (like Steve Jobs or Jack Welch) who had the reputation of being uncaring. However, the theme that emerges from a larger number of data points, as we saw in chapter 3B, is that it is the leaders who are kind and compassionate (specifically, the “givers”) who are more likely to rise to the top of their organizations.

The Gifted Adult: A Revolutionary Guide for Liberating Everyday Genius(tm)
by Mary-Elaine Jacobsen
Published 18 Feb 2015

Linguistic intelligence: A proficient and easy use of words and sensitivity to phrasing and the rhythm of language in poetry, song lyrics, and persuasive speaking, as with poet Walt Whitman, Nobel laureate Toni Morrison, musical wordsmith Bob Dylan, evangelist Billy Graham, and congressional orator Barbara Jordan Musical intelligence: A special sensitivity to tempo, pitch, timbre, and tone, and an ability to create and express musical arrangements that correspond to emotional experience, as in great composers, singers, and musicians such as conductor Arturo Toscanini, violinist Jascha Heifetz, legendary jazz composer Duke Ellington, and operatic diva Maria Callas Logical-mathematical intelligence: Powers of inductive and deductive reasoning in handling abstract relationship and predictions based on numbers and equations, so obvious in eminent economist John Kenneth Galbraith, the Harvard professor who administered the system of price controls during World War II; physicist Robert Goddard, father of modern space rocketry; statistician George Gallup, whose polls quantified public opinion; Arno Penzias, the Nobel laureate who confirmed the fabled big-bang theory of creation and pioneered new computer logic; and Lise Meitner, who coined the term “atomic fission” and solved extraordinary mathematical puzzles in her 1930s experiments with barium emission Spatial intelligence: The ability to visualize objects in the mind and transfer the information to something concrete, such as designing an airplane or laying out a movie set, as visible in phenoms such as Walt Disney; William Mulholland, the self-taught engineer whose photographic memory and “ditchdigger” genius developed the Los Angeles aqueduct system in the early 1900s; Howard Roark, the architect character in Ayn Rand’s The Fountainhead; and painter and sculptor Pablo Picasso Bodily (kinesthetic) intelligence: Exceptional body control and refined motion that permits skillful expression of ideas and feelings through movement, as with Martha Graham’s poignant choreography and dance, Michael Jordan’s superstar athleticism, and the classic slapstick antics of Charlie Chaplin Interpersonal intelligence: Advanced understanding of human relations and management of feelings, as in the revolutionary insights of Carl Jung, Clara Barton, Eleanor Roosevelt, Nobel laureate Martin Luther King Jr., and Mourning Dove, who possessed the spirit to chronicle her people’s honored traditions both as a folklorist and novelist Intrapersonal intelligence: A sharp understanding of one’s inner landscape, motivations, emotions, needs, and goals, as with Herman Hesse, Sigmund Freud, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Merton, and Ingmar Bergman Naturalist intelligence: A special ability to grasp the intricate workings and relationships within nature; an instinctive reverence for a connection with animals, plants, minerals, ocean, sky, desert, and mountain, as in Henry David Thoreau; John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, who at age sixty-eight began a campaign to preserve the Yosemite Valley; and Isak Dinesen, whose years as a farmer on an East African highlands coffee plantation inspired her to write her celebrated memoir Out of Africa From this standpoint, hip-hop kids might be perceived as masters of musical, linguistic, and kinesthetic intelligences.

…

Personal experience is not the only value of intensity. Some experts in the area of leadership believe so-called dramatic individuals make the best leaders. They are charismatic models of loyalty to a cause who demonstrate unwavering commitment. One of our most valuable gifts is the ability to stir up enthusiasm in others. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Eleanor Roosevelt took the moral high ground and relied on emotional response to fuel their campaigns for justice. Without our having an emotional response to them, our experiences are just commonplace experiences, and we in particular are equipped for what Maslow called “peak” experiences.

The Naked Presenter: Delivering Powerful Presentations With or Without Slides
by Garr Reynolds
Published 29 Jan 2010

In a presentation or meeting, we cannot control others, but we can work to remain balanced and steady. As Daisetsu Suzuki said, “There is harmony in our activity, and where there is harmony there is calmness.” (Images in slides from iStockphoto.) Chapter 6 End with a Powerful Finish 179 Wow! eBook <WoweBook.Com> My life is my message. — Mahatma Gandhi 180 The Naked Presenter Wow! eBook <WoweBook.Com> In Sum t
When your ideas and energy are transferred to others and cause them to make a change, we can say that your message has resonance. However, sustaining a connection until the end of a presentation and delivering a powerful finish requires that you understand your audience well. t
The ideas and messages that stick best contain six common elements: Simplicity, Unexpectedness, Concreteness, Credibility, Emotions, and Stories.

The Speech: The Story Behind Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. S Dream
by Gary Younge
Published 11 Aug 2013

It solves no social problem: it merely creates new and more complicated ones.” When Obama accepted his own Nobel Prize in 2009, he insisted: “There will be times when nations—acting individually or in concert—will find the use of force not only necessary but morally justified.” Obama went on to distinguish himself from King and Mahatma Gandhi in terms of the different roles they played within the polity. I make this statement mindful of what Martin Luther King Jr. said in this same ceremony years ago. . . . But as a head of state sworn to protect and defend my nation, I cannot be guided by their examples alone. I face the world as it is, and cannot stand idle in the face of threats to the American people.

The Rich and the Rest of Us
by Tavis Smiley
Published 15 Feb 2012

This is what Dorothy Day had in mind when she embodied a dark and dangerous love. This is what Nelson Mandela had in mind when he opted for justice over revenge. This is what Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel had in mind when he spoke of the compassion of the Hebrew prophets. This is what Mahmoud Mohamed Taha had in mind when he preached of the mercy of Allah. This is what Mahatma Gandhi had in mind when he lived the loving soul force he talked about. This is what that first-century Palestinian Jew named Jesus had in mind when he commanded us to love our neighbor as ourselves. Lest we mislead you, this is not only about a loving heart; rather, it is also about finding loving social (structural and institutional) alternatives to the nightmare of poverty that can be the dawning of a new day for poor people everywhere.

The Future We Choose: Surviving the Climate Crisis
by Christiana Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac
Published 25 Feb 2020

As we learned during our stewardship of the Paris Agreement, if you do not control the complex landscape of a challenge (and you rarely do), the most powerful thing you can do is change how you behave in that landscape, yourself a catalyst for overall change. All too often in the face of a task, we move quickly to “doing” without first reflecting on “being”—what we personally bring to the task, as well as what others might. And the most important thing we can bring is our state of mind. Mahatma Gandhi reminds us to be the change we want to see. The actions we pursue are largely defined by the mindset we cultivate in advance of the doing. When we’re faced with an urgent task, it may feel counterintuitive to first look inside ourselves, but it is essential. Attempting change while we are informed by the same state of mind that has been predominant in the past will lead to insufficient incremental advances.

The Dhandho Investor: The Low-Risk Value Method to High Returns
by Mohnish Pabrai
Published 17 May 2009

I owe my thanks to each and every one of you. Chapter 1 Patel Motel Dhandho Asian Indians make up about 1 percent of the population of the United States—about three million people. Of these three million, a relatively small subsection is from the Indian state of Gujarat—the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi. And a very small subsection of Gujaratis, the Patels, are from a tiny area in Southern Gujarat. Less than one in five hundred Americans is a Patel. It is thus amazing that over half of all the motels in the entire country are owned and operated by Patels. What is even more stunning is that there were virtually no Patels in the United States just 35 years ago.

How to Blow Up a Pipeline
by Andreas Malm
Published 4 Jan 2021

‘If I became …’ Quoted in Domenico Losurdo, ‘Moral Dilemmas and Broken Promises: A Historical-Philosophical Overview of the Nonviolent Movement’, Historical Materialism 18 (2019), p. 96. See further Tidrick, Gandhi, pp. 104, 125–32. p. 44. Gandhi mightily disapproved … See Tidrick, Gandhi, e.g. pp. 171, 174–76, 225–26, 232–33, 299–301. p. 44. In November 1938 … Letter included and analysed in P. R. Kumaraswamy, ‘The Jews: Revisiting Mahatma Gandhi’s November 1938 Article’, International Studies 55 (2018): 146–66. On the pathology of pacifism applied to the Third Reich, cf. Ward Churchill, Pacifism as Pathology: Reflections on the Role of Armed Struggle in North America (Oakland: AK Press, 2007), pp. 47–52. p. 44. Facing objections … Gandhi’s subsequent pronouncements on the subject can be found in the section ‘Gandhi, the Jews and Zionism’, at Jewish Virtual Library, jewishvirtuallibrary.org, from which these quotations are taken.

Pocket Rough Guide Berlin (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 16 Oct 2019

One of the most visited museums in Berlin, its exhibitions focus mostly on the creative ways East Berliners tried to escape – hot-air balloons, vehicles with special compartments, even a one-man submarine. There are also exhibits on the concept of freedom and nonviolent protest in general, including the Charter 77 typewriter and Mahatma Gandhi’s diary. Topography of Terror MAP Niederkirchnerstr. 8 / Potsdamer Platz 030 25 45 09 50, www.topographie.de. Daily 10am–8pm. Free. From 1933–1945, the headquarters of the Gestapo, their “house prison” and the Reich Security main office stood on this site, making it one of the most notorious locations of Nazi brutality.

Why Orwell Matters
by Christopher Hitchens
Published 1 Jan 2002

If Lenin had not uttered the maxim ‘the heart on fire and the brain on ice’, it might have suited Orwell, whose passion and generosity were rivalled only by his detachment and reserve. Sir Victor Pritchett, as he later became, was among many to have configured Orwell as among the ‘saints’, albeit a secular member of that communion. Again we are confronted with spareness and the spectre of self-denial, instead of with the profane and humorous writer who said — of Mahatma Gandhi — that saints are always to be adjudged guilty until proven innocent. Speaking of another celebrated supposed Puritan, Thomas Carlyle wrote of his Cromwell that he had had to drag him out from under a mound of dead logs and offal before being able to set him up as a figure worthy of biography.

Pocket London Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Don’t Miss Great Court Covered with a spectacular glass-and-steel roof designed by Norman Foster in 2000, the Great Court is the largest covered public square in Europe. In its centre is the world-famous Reading Room, formerly the British Library, which has been frequented by all the big brains of history, from Mahatma Gandhi to Karl Marx. Ancient Egypt The star of the show at the British Museum is the Ancient Egypt collection. It comprises sculptures, fine jewellery, papyrus texts, coffins and mummies, including the beautiful and intriguing Mummy of Katebet (room 63). Perhaps the most prized item in the collection is the Rosetta Stone (room 4), the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.

A Short History of Progress
by Ronald Wright
Published 2 Jan 2004

Nowadays, Washington claims to lead and safeguard “the civilized world,” a tradition in American rhetoric that began with the uprooting and exterminating of that country’s first inhabitants.5 The Roman circus, the Aztec sacrifices, the Inquisition bonfires, the Nazi death camps — all have been the work of highly civilized societies.6 In the twentieth century alone, at least 100 million people, mostly civilians, died in wars.7 Savages have done no worse. At the gates of the Colosseum and the concentration camp, we have no choice but to abandon hope that civilization is, in itself, a guarantor of moral progress. When Mahatma Gandhi came to England in the 1930s for talks on Indian self-rule, a reporter asked him what he thought of Western civilization. Gandhi, who had just visited the London slums, replied: “I think it would be a very good idea.”8 If I sound at times rather hard on civilization, this is because, like Gandhi, I would like it to fulfill its promise and succeed.

Rethinking Islamism: The Ideology of the New Terror
by Meghnad Desai
Published 25 Apr 2008

.฀ There฀ was฀ a฀ move฀ to฀ divest฀ the฀ sultan฀ of฀ his฀ caliphate฀ and฀the฀caliphate฀was฀given฀to฀the฀sharif฀of฀Mecca,฀thus฀separating฀ for฀ the฀ first฀ time฀ the฀ caliphate฀ from฀ the฀ supreme฀ Muslim฀ ruler,฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ / causing฀some฀consternation฀among฀the฀faithful฀everywhere.฀There฀ was฀an฀agitation฀in฀India฀which฀was฀led฀by฀Mahatma฀Gandhi฀and฀ the฀ leaders฀ of฀ the฀ Muslim฀ community฀ in฀ India฀ –฀ Mohammad฀ Ali฀ and฀ Shaukat฀ Ali฀ –฀ to฀ stop฀ the฀ British฀ from฀ interfering฀ with฀ this฀ valuable฀heritage฀of฀Islam.฀The฀Khilafat฀agitation,฀as฀it฀was฀called฀ proved฀to฀be฀futile.฀Hussein,฀the฀sharif฀of฀Mecca฀who฀had฀betrayed฀ the฀sultan฀and฀become฀the฀new฀caliph,฀was฀defeated฀by฀the฀Saudi฀ family฀ who฀ did฀ not฀ take฀ up฀ the฀ caliphate฀ themselves.฀ The฀ sultan฀ was฀ overthrown,฀ and฀ a฀ republic฀ was฀ established฀ in฀ .฀ Kemal฀ Atatürk฀ was฀ a฀ moderniser,฀ and฀ he฀ decreed฀ a฀ secular฀ state฀ for฀ Turkey,฀as฀the฀remainder฀of฀the฀Ottoman฀Empire฀was฀to฀be฀called.฀ Far฀from฀the฀British฀interfering฀with฀the฀caliphate,฀it฀was฀Atatürk฀ who฀abolished฀it.

The Naked Eye: How the Revolution of Laser Surgery Has Unshackled the Human Eye
by Gerard Sutton and Michael Lawless
Published 15 Nov 2013

I wish I had never worn… … leather pants.. I was at a Year 11 party totally convinced I looked very groovy, but after a barrage of unflattering comments from males and females I never wore them again. If you could invite five people from history to a barbecue at your place, who would they be, and why? I would like to have Mahatma Gandhi there because I believe he was one of the greatest figures of the 20th century. Gandhi somehow combined the spiritual side of life with politics and then created a revolution by non-violent means. My second guest would be Ben Chifley. He is probably the closest we have ever come, in this country, to having a Prime Minister who was genuinely a man of the people.

Lint
by Steve Aylett
Published 2 May 2005

Roosevelt entirely, turning left in midair and hurtling to Vienna, where it connected with Engelbert Dollfuss, chancellor of Austria. The ricochet pattern continued as the round crossed the pond again to the outskirts of Mexico City, where it bounced cleanly in and out of Leon Trotsky’s skull, circling the globe to weave three wounds through Mahatma Gandhi and kill Liaquat Ali Khan, first prime minister of Pakistan, in Rawalpindi; narrowly missing Harry S. Truman in Washington, it fatally wounded Anastasio Somoza, president of Nicaragua, Carlos Castillo Armas, president of Guatemala, and Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike outside 3/18/05 3:57 PM Page 101 LINT Lint’s Magic Bullet (from Rigor Mortis). 02.ch11-20.lint 101 02.ch11-20.lint 102 3/18/05 3:57 PM Page 102 STEVE AYLETT his home in Sri Lanka—then set a course for the face of Dr.

How Will You Measure Your Life?
by Christensen, Clayton M. , Dillon, Karen and Allworth, James
Published 15 May 2012

When that is in place, however, then how the company gets there is typically emergent—as opportunities and challenges emerge and are pursued. The greatest corporate leaders are conscious of the power of purpose in helping their companies make their mark on the world. The same is true for leaders outside of the business sphere, too. People who have led movements for change, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and the Dalai Lama, have had an extraordinarily clear sense of purpose. So, too, have social organizations that have fought to make the world a better place, such as Médecins Sans Frontiers, the World Wildlife Fund, and Amnesty International. But the world did not “deliver” a cogent and rewarding purpose to them.

The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House
by Ben Rhodes
Published 4 Jun 2018

* * * — A WEEK AFTER ESCALATING the war in Afghanistan, Obama flew to Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. To help him prepare the remarks he’d give at the ceremony, Obama had asked Jon Favreau and me to give him a selection of speeches and essays about war—John F. Kennedy speaking about the nature of peace and calling for a nuclear test ban treaty; Churchill, Roosevelt, and Lincoln at war; Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Reinhold Niebuhr. The two of us sat together and drafted a speech that mainly dealt with the tension of his getting the award at the beginning of his presidency. We sent it in to Obama and heard nothing back until ten on the morning we were going to board the plane for Oslo.

…

This created a strange discordance between the somber bubble we traveled within and the enthusiasm outside it. I packed the schedule—Barack and Michelle Obama dancing with schoolchildren in Mumbai; Obama holding a town hall meeting with students; the first African American president paying tribute to Mahatma Gandhi in Delhi; Obama, the man who lived in Indonesia as a child, delighting a crowd with phrases in Indonesian. Those were always my favorite moments on trips—moments that connect a president to people in other countries, when people didn’t just see Obama but felt seen by him. I thought the trip was going great, but he was tired and increasingly cranky; much of our press was waiting to write that the world was souring on Obama just like the electorate back home.

Material World: A Substantial Story of Our Past and Future
by Ed Conway
Published 15 Jun 2023

With local Indian production stifled, the country was forced to rely on British salt, which flooded in and, in a further feat of financial extortion, was taxed along the way. The British had somehow combined the worst aspects of the Chinese monopoly and gabelle tax in their salt policy. All of which helps explain why, when a 60-year-old Mahatma Gandhi chose to protest British colonial occupation in 1930 he did so by evoking salt, and these British taxes which cost poor villagers an average of three days’ income. ‘[The] British system seems to be designed to crush the very life out of [the Indian peasant]’, he wrote in a studiously polite letter to Lord Irwin, the viceroy of India.

…

Salt Routes 1 John Julius Norwich, A History of Venice (rev. edition, Penguin, 2003). 2 Toyin Falola ‘“Salt is Gold”: The Management of Salt Scarcity in Nigeria during World War II’, Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26/ 3 (1992): p. 416. 3 Cecilia Lee-fang Chien, Salt and State: An Annotated Translation of the Songshi Salt Monopoly Treatise (University of Michigan Press, 2004), p. 5. 4 Ibid., p. 6. 5 Discourse on Salt and Iron , ‘Chapter One: The Basic Arguments, The Discourses on Salt and Iron’, http://www.8bei8.com/book/yantielun_2.html . 6 Pierre Laszlo, Salt: Grain of Life (Columbia University Press, 2001). 7 S.A.M. Adshead, Salt and Civilization (Palgrave Macmillan, 1992), pp. 218–30. 8 Roy Moxham, The Great Hedge of India (Constable, 2001). 9 Mahatma Gandhi, Selected Political Writings , ed. D. Dalton (Hackett, 1996), pp. 76–8. 5. Salt of the Earth 1 K.L. Wallwork, ‘The Mid-Cheshire Salt Industry’, Geography 44/3 (July 1959), pp. 171–86; Paul G.E. Clemens, ‘The Rise of Liverpool, 1665–1750’, Economic History Review 29/2 (May 1976), pp. 211–25. 2 J.M.

Affluenza: When Too Much Is Never Enough
by Clive Hamilton and Richard Denniss
Published 31 May 2005

It is hard to avoid the conclusion, however, that much of this hostility betrays a dogin-the-manger attitude: ‘If I am stuck in a life of worries, stresses and overwork, everyone else should be too’. Growing numbers of Australians are deciding they will no longer allow such a view to determine their lives. 177 Chapter 11 A new politics First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win. ——Mahatma Gandhi The affluenza spiral The argument of this book can be summarised quite simply. Since the early 1990s Australia has been infected by affluenza, a growing and unhealthy preoccupation with money and material things. This illness is constantly reinforcing itself at both the individual and the social levels, constraining us to derive our identities and sense of place in the world through our consumption activity.

Seriously Curious: The Facts and Figures That Turn Our World Upside Down
by Tom Standage
Published 27 Nov 2018

Almost 44m children under five, says the bank, have stunted growth, and every year more than 300,000 die from diarrheal diseases. What can India do to change this grim reality? In 2014 the government pledged to end open defecation by 2019. That year marks the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, who considered sanitation to be sacred and “more important than political freedom”. Authorities have set aside $29bn for the nationwide programme, which claims to have constructed 49m household toilets to date, with another 61m still to go. Families get 12,000 rupees ($187) to build a toilet.

Eyewitness Top 10 Los Angeles
by Catherine Gerber
Published 29 Mar 2010

A nostalgic curiosity is the Camera Obscura inside a seniors’ center. d Map C3 • Ocean end of Fuller St off Franklin Ave • 323-6665046 • Open until sunset (avoid after dark) Fellowship ) Self-realization Lake Shrine Bathed in an ambience of beauty and serenity, this hidden sanctuary was created in 1950 by Paramahansa Yogananda, an Indian-born spiritual leader. Wander over to the shrine to Mahatma Gandhi or the spring-fed lake, meditate inside a recreated 16th-century windmill, or study the Court of Religions that honors all of the world’s major religions. d Map B3 Ave between Santa Monica Pier & San Vincente Blvd • Open any time • Free D. Murphy * Franklin Sculpture Garden Tucked away in the northeastern corner of the UCLA campus, this delightful little oasis is dotted • 17190 Sunset Blvd • 310-454-4114 • Open 9am–4:30pm Tue–Sat, 12:30–4:30pm Sun • Free • www.yogananda-srf.org    ( $ < 3DVDGHQD $/ ( (* )5  (( : 'RZQWRZQ  $< 5 ( ( : $<   (: $<  6 &MZTJBO  3 $ 1BSL        NJMFT (  )5  2  1$   ' , %HYHUO\ +LOOV : , / 6+ , 5 ( % /9 '  (      6 $ 1 7$  0 2 1 , & $  % /9 '  :HVWZRRG 6 $ 1 7$  0 2 1 , & $  )  * /( 1 ' ) 5 6$1 %UHQWZRRG (: +ROO\ZRRG  *OHQGDOH 2' %HO$LU 7RSDQJD (SJGmUI 1BSL $'  2 :HVW +ROO\ZRRG 5PQBOHB 4UBUF
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.POJDB #BZ /< :  ): < + 2/        08/+2//$1''5 Los Angeles Top 10 with 70 sculptures by some of the greatest 19th- and 20thcentury European and American artists, Auguste Rodin and Alexander Calder among them.

Slouching Towards Bethlehem
by Joan Didion
Published 1 Jan 1968

Four days a week, Miss Baez and her fifteen students meet at the school for lunch: potato salad, Kool-Aid, and hot dogs broiled on a portable barbecue. After lunch they do ballet exercises to Beatles records, and after that they sit around on the bare floor beneath a photomural of Cypress Point and discuss their reading: Gandhi on Nonviolence, Louis Fischer’s Life of Mahatma Gandhi, Jerome Frank’s Breaking the Thought Barrier, Thoreau’s On Civil Disobedience, Krishnamurti’s The First and Last Freedom and Think on These Things, C. Wright Mills’s The Power Elite, Huxley’s Ends and Means, and Marshall McLuhan’s Understanding Media. On the fifth day, they meet as usual but spend the afternoon in total silence, which involves not only not talking but also not reading, not writing, and not smoking.

Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth?
by Alan Weisman
Published 23 Sep 2013

Many of these urban warlords descend from the original farming families when Lyari was a village, long before Britain decided to build a major warm-water port on the Arabian Sea near a small fishing enclave called Kolachi, in what was then part of India. As the two villages grew and merged, farmers opened shops, consolidated, became community fixers, made land deals, and became powerful in a city where laws were scorned under colonial rule, and now exist mainly on paper. British rule in India ended in 1947, a triumph for Mahatma Gandhi’s gentle civil disobedience. But Muslims who feared living under a Hindu majority demanded independence, and Pakistan was born in two Muslim majority regions cleaved from eastern and western India. With its two halves separated by a thousand miles, governance in Pakistan was weakened from the start, and the division couldn’t last.

…

Outside the mental health shelter for women that she founded in 1985, a leaden sky signals the gathering monsoon. The storm that Sugathakumari fears, however, is one that has rained in from the Persian Gulf, flooding the streets of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala’s capital—with capital. This once-serene city that Mahatma Gandhi praised for its jungle-like lushness is now a cacophony of relentless commerce, much of it involving jewelry and surprising numbers of expensive cars. It began with Kerala’s Muslims, once its poorest community. The decay of Kerala’s economy coincided with the rise of Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Doha, and the other Arab petro-capitals.

The Joys of Compounding: The Passionate Pursuit of Lifelong Learning, Revised and Updated
by Gautam Baid
Published 1 Jun 2020

Have you, over time, piled up loads of defunct, useless stuff on your office desk or at your home? I urge you to simplify. Clearing the clutter from the various aspects of our lives reduces decision fatigue and sharpens our focus on what we really want to achieve. There is no path to peace. Peace is the path. —Mahatma Gandhi Minimalism in life isn’t a destination to reach, it is the path to follow. Practicing and adopting minimalism as a way of life is simple. It’s simple but not easy. You cannot become a minimalist overnight. But, as Lao Tzu said, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” The parable of the Mexican fisherman and the American banker is one of my favorite stories and contains an important life lesson.

…

Instead, always endeavor to become a better version of yourself compared to what you were the previous day. Anybody who is doing all of these things is most likely going to succeed in his or her pursuit in life. This is exactly what Buffett meant when he said, “Games are won by players who focus on the field, not the ones looking at the scoreboard.”23 Mahatma Gandhi described compounding in all its glory when he said these words: “Your beliefs become your thoughts. Your thoughts become your words. Your words become your actions. Your actions become your habits. Your habits become your values. Your values become your destiny.” It all starts with one small belief, one small thought, one small word, one small action, one small habit, one small value.

Let My People Go Surfing
by Yvon Chouinard
Published 20 Jun 2006

For me, the solution to the world’s problems is easy: We have to take action, and if we can’t do it ourselves, we’ve got to dig into our pockets. The scariest moment is writing that first check, but you know what, the next day things go on: The phone still rings, there’s food on the table, and the world is a little bit better. As Mahatma Gandhi said, “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” SUMMARY Dante once said that the hottest places in hell are reserved for those who in times of great moral crisis maintain their neutrality. —JOHN F. KENNEDY The Zen master would say if you want to change government, you have to aim at changing corporations, and if you want to change corporations, you first have to change the consumers.

Blueprint for Revolution: How to Use Rice Pudding, Lego Men, and Other Nonviolent Techniques to Galvanize Communities, Overthrow Dictators, or Simply Change the World
by Srdja Popovic and Matthew Miller
Published 3 Feb 2015

“At the beginning of June 1961”: “ ‘I Am Prepared to Die’: Nelson Mandela’s Opening Statement from the Dock at the Opening of the Defence Case in the Rivonia Trial,” United Nations website for Nelson Mandela Day, www.​un.​org/​en/​events/​mandeladay/​court_​statement_​ 1964.​shtml. 2. the Spear launched almost two hundred attacks: Janet Cherry, Spear of the Nation (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012), 23. 3. “We should have the ability to defend ourselves”: Mahatma Gandhi, The Essential Gandhi: An Anthology of His Writings on His Life, Work, and Ideas (New York: Vintage, 2002), 109. 4. In a stellar book: Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan, Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Con ict (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011). 5. “There is more power in socially organized masses”: Martin Luther King, Jr., The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., vol. 5, Threshold of a New Decade, January 1959–December 1960, ed.

Puzzling People: The Labyrinth of the Psychopath
by Thomas Sheridan
Published 1 Mar 2011

Many of these ‘celebrity’ scientists who may have expertise in one discipline, are increasingly being called upon by mass media/governments to give their viewpoints on non-scientific issues and often with the most bizarre results – such as when Michio Kaku made the incredible and disgraceful accusation during a TV interview that people who question authority and the status quo are ‘terrorists’. Mahatma Gandhi, Rosa Parks, Crazy Horse, Monet and the Impressionists, Steve Biko, Mozart, John F. Kennedy, Lech Walesa and indeed Galileo Galilei would be deemed ‘terrorists’ using Michio Kaku’s yardstick to quantify who is and isn’t a danger to the status quo, yet the mainstream media let him get away with these shocking comments because they agree wholeheartedly with them.

The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter & Miracles
by Bruce H. Lipton
Published 1 Jan 2005

Before we leave this chapter, I’d just like to emphasize again that not only is there nothing wrong with going through life wearing the proverbial rose-colored glasses. In fact, those rose-colored glasses are necessary for your cells to thrive. Positive thoughts are a biological mandate for a happy, healthy life. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi: Your beliefs become your thoughts Your thoughts become your words Your words become your actions Your actions become your habits Your habits become your values Your values become your destiny CHAPTER 6 GROWTH AND PROTECTION Evolution has provided us with lots of survival mechanisms.

Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future
by Johan Norberg
Published 31 Aug 2016

But this did not deter him. He would go on to be jailed fourteen times, he would be stabbed, have his home blasted by a shotgun and bombed, and would see a motel where he stayed bombed too. Whatever happened he would carry on with a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience, inspired by Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi, and explained that America was founded on the Jeffersonian ideal that all men are created equal, with the same inalienable rights, and this must include blacks. In the end, he would be assassinated. The movement’s calm and dignified protests, carried to all Americans’ living rooms thanks to a novelty, television, exposed the brutality of Southern mayors and sheriffs who ordered attacks on demonstrators and looked the other way when the Ku Klux Klan beat them up.

The Little Black Book of Decision Making
by Michael Nicholas
Published 21 Jun 2017

Decision-Making Principle #5 It is impossible to experience “reality”, or to be “objective”, because everything is processed unconsciously prior to awareness. By shifting our perception of “reality”, we will automatically start to make new choices. 6 Wired for Flight and Fight “The enemy is fear. We think it is hate; but it is really fear.” —Mahatma Gandhi If we are not the receivers of a fixed reality, but rather the shapers of it, what should we seek to shape in order to help us to improve our decision making? How do we need to learn to see the world and, given that perception is an inside-out process, what does our inner model need to look like to achieve this?

Wordslut: A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language
by Amanda Montell
Published 27 May 2019

They hastily struck the stroganoff reference after a veritable shitstorm of criticism echoed throughout the press, lamenting the obit’s emphasis on Brill’s stereotypical embodiment of womanness (the food, the babies) rather than her intergalactic reputation. As book critic Edward Champion tweeted that week, the paper’s death notice of Mahatma Gandhi likely would not have read, “[He] made a great frittata, ironed some shirts, and took eight years off to catch up on Hardy Boys books.” I came across the problematic opening of Brill’s obit in college and it instantly piqued my interest, because it posed the challenging question: At the end of the day (or at the end of a life, as it were), what does the word woman truly represent?

The City: A Global History
by Joel Kotkin
Published 1 Jan 2005

Most experienced economic growth, but often barely enough to offset their own demographic expansion. The majority of residents remained very poor, although generally not in the proportions found in the cities of Africa and the Near East. INDIA’S URBAN REVOLUTION In the last decades of the twentieth century, India reemerged as a major center of global urban life. In contradiction to Mahatma Gandhi’s ideal vision of a village-centered nation, the nation’s economy shifted from a predominantly rural and agricultural system to one that was increasingly industrialized (even postindustrial) and urban. Spurred by state-led investment in manufacturing and modern infrastructure, cities in India more than doubled their share of the national gross domestic product between 1950 and 1995.4 The reform of India’s once quasi-Socialist system, which had long suppressed entrepreneurial ventures, further accelerated urban growth.

Shantaram: A Novel
by Gregory David Roberts
Published 12 Oct 2004

You must have it a good heads, to like these things, and you must be having a good hearts, to not like them too much. Like you, Linbaba. You are my good friend. I knew it very well, on that first day, when we were drinking the whisky, in your room. Now my Bombay, with your good heads and your good hearts, you will see it all.’ We were riding in a taxi along Mahatma Gandhi Road past Flora Fountain and towards Victoria Station. It was an hour before noon, and the swash of traffic that coursed through that stone canyon was swollen by large numbers of runners pushing tiffin carts. The runners collected lunches from homes and apartments, and placed them in tin cylinders called jalpaans, or tiffins.

…

Then I heard another voice, Prabaker’s voice, and I understood some of the words in his pleading, and his defiant abuse of them. He castigated the men for shaming their own country and their own people by beating and robbing a foreigner, a visitor to their country who’d done them no harm. It was a wild speech that called them cowards and invoked Mahatma Gandhi, Buddha, the god Krishna, Mother Theresa, and the Bollywood film star Amitabh Bachchan in the same sentence. It had an effect. The leader of the group came to squat near me. I tried through my drunken haze to stand and fight again, but the others pushed me down and held me on the ground. I know this … I know this … The man leaned over to look into my eyes.

…

The chillum I prepared was average strength for those of us who lived and worked on the streets of Bombay, but much stronger than they were accustomed to smoking. They were both stoned to sleep when I pulled the door of their hotel room closed, and walked on through dozy afternoon streets. I made my way along Mohammed Ali Road to Mahatma Gandhi Road and the Colaba Causeway. I could’ve taken a bus, or one of the many prowling taxis, but I loved the walk. I loved those kilometres from Chor bazaar, past Crawford Market, V.T. Station, Flora Fountain, the Fort area, Regal Circle, and on through Colaba to Sassoon Dock, the World Trade Centre, and the Back Bay.

The autobiography of Malcolm X
by Malcolm X; Alex Haley
Published 15 Aug 1999

And I read the histories of various nations, which opened my eyes gradually, then wider and wider, to how the whole world's white men had indeed acted like devils, pillaging and raping and bleeding and draining the whole world's non-white people. I remember, for instance, books such as Will Durant's story of Oriental civilization, and Mahatma Gandhi's accounts of the struggle to drive the British out of India. Book after book showed me how the white man had brought upon the world's black, brown, red, and yellow peoples every variety of the sufferings of exploitation. I saw how since the sixteenth century, the so-called “Christian trader” white man began to ply the seas in his lust for Asian and African empires, and plunder, and power.

…

There had been _centuries_ of the worst kind of outrages against Southern black people-lynchings, rapings, shootings, beatings! But you know history has been triggered by trivial-seeming incidents. Once a little nobody Indian lawyer was put off a train, and fed up with injustice, he twisted a knot in the British Lion's tail. _His_ name was Mahatma Gandhi!” Or I might copy a trick I had seen lawyers use, both in life and on television. It was a way that lawyers would slip in before a jury something otherwise inadmissable. (Sometimes I think I really might have made it as a lawyer, as I once told that eighth-grade teacher in Mason, Michigan, I wanted to be, when he advised me to become a carpenter.)

When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures
by Richard D. Lewis
Published 1 Jan 1996

Japanese samurai, in their allegiance to their lord, were faithful unto death and demonstrated that quality regularly, as indeed did the cavalry and foot soldiers of Napoleon Bonaparte. Great leaders captivated willing disciples through sheer charisma—Alexander the Great, Caesar, Tamerlane, Hernan Cortés, Simón Bolívar, Kemal Atatürk, Mahatma Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Chou-en-Lai and Nelson Mandela are a few who come to mind. In the modern era, business leaders have occasionally shown the charismatic and visionary leadership that attracts loyal followers; examples are Henry Ford, Akio Morita, Konosuke Matsushita and Richard Branson. Religion has also played a major role in mass-motivation throughout the historical era.

…

If treated with respect, they quickly put the past behind them, especially where good business is in the offing. Play the Indians at their own game: be reasonable, solicitous and flexible. The country has a magnificent history, which should be referred to and admired. Learn all the basic facts about Mahatma Gandhi and avoid confusing him with Indira and Rajiv Gandhi’s family, to which he was not related. A knowledge of Hinduism is also advisable, as is an awareness of the geography of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Indians emanate and expect warmth, respect and properness. Do not risk joking with them—they tend to take things seriously.

Imagining India
by Nandan Nilekani
Published 25 Nov 2008

But the politicians supporting the “Bombay for Maharashtra” cause objected, saying that “everywhere the principle of language has been recognized, except in this one case.”12 In an effort to rescue the city from the linguistic battles, Nehru suggested that Bombay should become a separate, bilingual area directly administered by the central government, an idea supported by some Bombay politicians such as S. K. Patil. It was support they would soon regret. To put it mildly, the Maharashtrians did not welcome the idea. Mobs surged across the city’s streets, shouting, “Bombay is ours” and “Death to Nehru!” They smashed statues of Mahatma Gandhi—his identity as a Gujarati, in this period of mayhem, superseding that of national leader—and attacked Gujaratis across the state. The rioters tossed rocks and electric bulbs filled with acid—the latter a protest weapon of choice since the 1940s Calcutta riots—blockaded roads and railway lines and looted shops.

…

The ideology of the planned economy and its fascination with heavy industry that India favored paid little heed to the environment, as was already obvious in Stalin’s vision of “building an iron and cement brotherhood”3 and Mao’s exhortation to “transform and conquer nature . . . move mountains to build farmland.”4 It may not have helped that India’s most prominent environmentalist at this time was Mahatma Gandhi. His concern for sustainability was both visionary and central to his thinking, but his views, when juxtaposed with his village-industry model for the economy, seemed quaint in the eyes of other Indian leaders. Postindependent India as a result took a black-and-white approach toward the environment, sidelining these concerns in its quest for growth.cz An outcast in times of growth The world’s history of industry-led growth has not been a very presentable one.

Tribe of Mentors: Short Life Advice From the Best in the World
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 14 Jun 2017

—John Gall “Whenever there is a hard job to be done, I assign it to a lazy man; he is sure to find an easy way of doing it.”—Walter Chrysler “Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.”—William Bruce Cameron “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.”—Mahatma Gandhi “Most of the wonderful places in the world were not made by architects but by the people.”—Christopher Alexander “I notice increasing reluctance on the part of marketing executives to use judgment. They are coming to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamp post: for support, rather than for illumination.”

…

Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman: While reading this classic poetic ode to America and possibilities (“I am multitude!”) my gasket blew, and I became seized with an unstoppable urge to travel. I set the book down and bought a ticket to Asia. I roamed there, off and on, for eight years. It was my university. The Story of My Experiments with Truth by Mahatma Gandhi: This autobiography of Gandhi curiously led me to Jesus. Gandhi’s stance of radical honesty prompted me to attempt the same. It started my spiritual awakening. The Bible: Reading this all the way through, beginning to end, shattered all expectations I had of such a foundational text. It was weirder, stranger, more disturbing, and more powerful than I was led to believe.

The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan
by Robert Kanigel
Published 25 Apr 2016

The fact that Ramanujan’s early years were spent in a scientifically sterile atmosphere, that his life in India was not without hardships, that under circumstances that appeared to most Indians as nothing short of miraculous, he had gone to Cambridge, supported by eminent mathematicians, and had returned to India with every assurance that he would be considered, in time, as one of the most original mathematicians of the century—these facts were enough, more than enough, for aspiring young Indian students to break their bonds of intellectual confinement and perhaps soar the way that Ramanujan had. In the India of the 1920s, he would say at another time, “We were proud of Mahatma Gandhi, of Nehru, of [the Nobel Prize-winning poet Rabindranath] Tagore, of Ramanujan. We were proud of the fact that anything we could do would equate to anything else in the world.” Within Indian mathematics, of course, Ramanujan’s influence extended correspondingly deeper. “I think it is fair to say,” Chandrasekhar would observe, “that almost all the mathematicians who reached distinction during the three or four decades following Ramanujan were directly or indirectly inspired by his example.”

…

Ramachandra Rao arranged the cremation. P. K. Srinivasan, 88. officially recorded his death. The Hindu, 3 January 1988. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. See Kameshwar C. Wali, Chandra (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990). “I can still recall the gladness.” Andrews et al., 3. “We were proud of Mahatma Gandhi.” Muthiah, 6. “inspired by his example.” Andrews et al., 5. neglected his studies. S. R. Ranganathan, 20. “too deep for tears.” Letter, A. Ranganathan, 12 January 1981. Royal Society. “entirely under the control.” Letter, Lakshmi Narasimhan to Hardy, 29 April 1920. Trinity College. Death of Ramanujan’s father.

Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can't Explain the Modern World
by Deirdre N. McCloskey
Published 15 Nov 2011

The hard-left Indian writer Pankaj Mishra lists in parallel with Hobsbawm the usual antigrowth claims: “the cultural homogeneity, or the other Trojan viruses—uneven development, environmental degradation—built into the West’s operating software. . . . [And] the harshest aspects of American-style capitalism: the truncation of public services, de-unionization, the fragmenting and lumpenization of urban working classes, plus the ruthless suppression of the rural poor.”5 Thus Mahatma Gandhi admired the foot-treadle sewing machine but viewed it as one of the few good innovations. No electricity or flush toilets. Stop growth now. The antigrowth left, with the antigrowth right, is mistaken. (It does not mistake, though, that the fruits of the Great Enrichment have made the proletariat into a petty bourgeoisie, lamentably uninterested in revolution, and in its vulgar way now able to enjoy the goods and services formerly available only to the better sort of people.

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Not all of the recent uplifting, that is, can be accounted for by neoliberalization’s top two success stories, China and India. Yet China’s success since 1978 (from $1 a day, not alleviated by the ideal of a communist society advocated by Mao) and India’s since 1991 (from a similar level, not alleviated by the ideal of swadeshi, or self-suffiency, advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru and the later Gandhis) do constitute a powerful anti–antiglobalization and anti-anti-Friedman argument. In 2013, for example, the new premier of China, Li Keqiang, no political liberal, hinted that if a new eleven-square-mile free-trade zone in Shanghai, one of twelve in prospect, worked as well as we Friedmanites think it will, the idea would be extended to the other places.4 If the four countries other than India and China among the BRIICS—Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, and South Africa, the BRIS—would adopt the Friedmanite ideas applied with such enthusiasm in India and China, they too would experience India’s and China’s transformative rates of growth in real per-person income, ranging annually from 5 to 12 percent.

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The economist Nimish Adhia has shown that the leading Bollywood films changed their heroes from the 1950s to the 1980s from bureaucrats to businesspeople, and their villains from factory owners to policemen, in parallel with a similar shift in the ratio of praise for trade-tested betterment in the editorial pages of the Times of India. Adhia quotes the leaders of an newly independent India. Mahatma Gandhi declared that “there is nothing more disgraceful to man than the principle ‘buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest.’” Nehru agreed: “Don’t talk to me about profit. Profit is a dirty word.”15 Did the change from hatred to admiration of trade-tested betterment make possible the Indian reforms after 1991?

Strategy: A History
by Lawrence Freedman
Published 31 Oct 2013

Brown, “Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917–47: Key Issues,” in Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash, eds., Civil Resistance & Power Politics: The Experience of Non-Violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 43–57. 7. Sean Scalmer, Gandhi in the West: The Mahatma and the Rise of Radical Protest (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 54, 57. 8. “To the American Negro: A Message from Mahatma Gandhi,” The Crisis, July 1929, 225. 9. Vijay Prashad, “Black Gandhi,” Social Scientist 37, no. 1/2 (January/February 2009): 4–7, 45. 10. Leonard A. Gordon, “Mahatma Gandhi’s Dialogues with Americans,” Economic and Political Weekly 37, no. 4 (January–February 2002): 337–352. 11. Joseph Kip Kosek, “Richard Gregg, Mohandas Gandhi, and the Strategy of Nonviolence,” The Journal of American History 91, no. 4 (March 2005): 1318–1348.

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Bo Wirmark, “Nonviolent Methods and the American Civil Rights Movement 1955–1965,” Journal of Peace Research 11, no. 2 (1974): 115–132; Akinyele Umoja, “1964: The Beginning of the End of Nonviolence in the Mississippi Freedom Movement,” Radical History Review 85 (Winter 2003): 201–226. 23. Scalmer, Gandhi in the West, 180. 24. The books referred to by King were: M. K. Gandhi, An Autobiography; or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated by Mahadev Desai (Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House, 1927); Louis Fischer, The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (London: Jonathan Cape, 1951); Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience,” 1849; Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis (New York: Macmillan Press, 1908); Richard B. Gregg, The Power of Non-Violence; Ira Chernus, American Nonviolence: The History of an Idea (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004), 169–171.

The End of Money: Counterfeiters, Preachers, Techies, Dreamers--And the Coming Cashless Society
by David Wolman
Published 14 Feb 2012

(As a tourist, I expect price gouging, but there’s no need to invite it by only carrying high-value notes.) The teller handed me a mountain of paper, and for a second I was seduced by the denomination effect. So many zeroes. A moment later the exchange-rate reality set in, and I saw the cash for what it was: a pain in the ass. No offense to Mahatma Gandhi, whose bespectacled face smiles on all of India’s paper money, but the softly worn banknotes renewed that whole suite of hygiene concerns, as if their very fibers were a preview of the humidity, dirt, and sweat of this megalopolis. For me, India’s dependence on cash was a mild inconvenience.

Time Management for System Administrators
by Thomas A.Limoncelli
Published 1 Jan 2005

Of course, it can't hurt your potential to receive better raises and bonuses. Best of all, if your boss is successful enough to receive a promotion, an ethical boss will take you with him. From that perspective, the ultimate criterion for how to prioritize your work is to center it around what will make your boss a success. Action expresses priorities. --Mahatma Gandhi Summary When you have a lot to do, prioritization becomes more important. When you have more to do than you have time for, prioritization is extremely important. When you have very little to do, any prioritization scheme works pretty well. Doing tasks in order works fine when you have a small number of tasks.

A Manual for Creating Atheists
by Peter Boghossian
Published 1 Nov 2013

Interventions are not about winning or losing, they’re about helping people see through a delusion and reclaim a sense of wonder. On a personal level, you’ll likely find deeper satisfaction in helping people than in winning a debate. Model Behavior “If we could change ourselves, the tendencies in the world would also change.” —Mahatma Gandhi “Don’t just tell me what you want to do, show me.” —Matt Thornton, community activist If you are reading this book you probably already possess attitudes that predispose you to rationality, like a trustfulness of reason (American Philosophical Association, 1990, p. 2) and a willingness to reconsider (American Philosophical Association, 1990, p. 2).

Bomb Scare
by Joseph Cirincione
Published 24 Dec 2011

The most important actor in this battle, Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri, quickly positioned himself against a nuclear weapons program. In 1964 Shastri said, “We cannot at present think in terms of making atomic bombs in India. We must try to eliminate the atomic bombs in the world rather than enter into a nuclear arms competition.”54 Clearly, “Shastri believed in this singular Indian mission, as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru had.”55 Bhabha, however, “loudly lobbied for development of nuclear weapons,” and took great pains to minimize the anticipated cost of such an effort, making an official estimate that excluded the expense of the nuclear reactors and plutonium separation plants.56 By the end of 1964, Shastri had compromised with Bhabha, agreeing to a “Peaceful Nuclear Explosives” program.

Dataclysm: Who We Are (When We Think No One's Looking)
by Christian Rudder
Published 8 Sep 2014

The post leaves it unclear how political bias was determined. My best guess is from users’ “like” patterns. 1In 1950 This paragraph discussing polarization in American politics is based on Jill Lepore, “Long Division,” The New Yorker, December 2, 2013. “It has always been a mystery” I read Life of Mahatma Gandhi by Louis Fisher (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950) in 2007, and this quote has stuck with me since. Chapter 10: Tall for an Asian To find out what’s actually special to a particular group The method for reducing a group’s collected profile text to the idiosyncratic essentials I present in this chapter is my own.

Smartcuts: How Hackers, Innovators, and Icons Accelerate Success
by Shane Snow
Published 8 Sep 2014

Pleasure without conscience. Knowledge without character. Commerce without morality. Science without humanity. Religion without sacrifice. Politics without principle. Number six on the list soon became the most poignant; on his way to a prayer meeting shortly after he gave Arun the note, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated. The same day that Pariser posted the Gandhi story on his blog, the top story on the hugely popular blog BuzzFeed was “20 Supporting Characters from ’90s TV Shows Then and Now”—a collection of embarrassing before-and-after pictures of goofy stars from shows like Clarissa Explains It All and Even Stevens.

Rapt: Attention and the Focused Life
by Winifred Gallagher
Published 9 Mar 2009

We tend to focus on virtue displayed in heroic circumstances: the bravery of John McCain in an enemy’s prison or the justice sought by Martin Luther King in the segregated South. In everyday life, however, most opportunities to build character are modest in scope and easily missed if you’re not paying attention. Mother Teresa and Mahatma Gandhi may epitomize the quality of humanity, or unconditional love, but that doesn’t stop Peterson from his own pursuit of the virtue on a smaller scale. Offering an example, he says that while rushing home from the psych department one evening, he saw a distraught student clutching a late term paper in the hallway.

Give People Money
by Annie Lowrey
Published 10 Jul 2018

But they were supposed to be getting six rations, one for each member of the family, and were only receiving two. “We have only been getting ten kilos of rice,” Mahato, a farmer and laborer, complained, explaining that it sometimes left the family hungry. “We have been ten times to try to correct it.” Neither parent was receiving any income from the massive Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, meant to ensure wages to poor individuals willing to aid in local public-works projects. Moreover, though she was nursing an infant as she spoke with me, Mahato’s wife had never even heard of a cash benefit meant to go to impoverished women who were pregnant or breast-feeding.

Humans as a Service: The Promise and Perils of Work in the Gig Economy
by Jeremias Prassl
Published 7 May 2018

The truth is, what Silicon Valley still calls ‘Disruption’ has evolved into something very sinister indeed.31 In sharing-economy doublespeak, ignoring regulation might come to be seen as a virtue of the highest order, with platforms’ law-breaking likened * * * 40 Doublespeak to that of resistance heroes ranging from Mahatma Gandhi to Rosa Parks. Professors Frank Pasquale and Siva Vaidhyanathan have attacked these com- parisons and suggested a darker analogy, arguing that today’s: ‘corporate nullification’ follow[s] in the footsteps of Southern governors and legislatures [during the civil rights battles] in the United States who declared themselves free to ‘nullify’ federal law on the basis of strained and opportunistic constitutional interpretation . . .

The Shame Machine: Who Profits in the New Age of Humiliation
by Cathy O'Neil
Published 15 Mar 2022

While President Buhari survived the protests, his popularity plummeted. More important, he and his colleagues are aware that they are being scrutinized, and that a single incident of abuse can awaken a national shaming campaign in a matter of hours. The punching-up protesters have demonstrated their power. * * * Mahatma Gandhi, the twentieth century’s master of punching up, demonstrated the strategy and discipline required to win the long game. His Salt March in 1930 set the standard. At that time, the British Empire was drawing profits out of India while hundreds of millions of Indians lived in misery, many threatened by famine.

The Growth Delusion: Wealth, Poverty, and the Well-Being of Nations
by David Pilling
Published 30 Jan 2018

But unless you believe in the rural idyll, in very poor countries growth is the raw material from which better lives can be fashioned. That sounds like little more than a statement of the obvious, yet for decades the idea that India should prioritize growth was far from commonly accepted. Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the independence movement against British colonialism, held a romantic idea of life in the Indian villages. Those views influenced post-independence thinking, insinuating into national discourse the idea that there was something almost noble about poverty. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister and a towering intellectual figure, was much more in favor of development and modernization than Gandhi, but he had a strong socialist and distributionist streak.

Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of Flags
by Tim Marshall
Published 21 Sep 2016

In the middle is a blue wheel with twenty-four spokes called a chakra. It is the same design as the wheel found on the abacus of the Sarnath Lion Capital of the third-century BCE Emperor Ashoka, which went on to become the national emblem of India. The flag was adopted on 22 July 1947, shortly before independence, but not before Mahatma Gandhi had reminded the subcontinent just how important it was to get the symbolism right. He said: A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have died for it. It is no doubt a kind of idolatry which it would be a sin to destroy. For a flag represents an Ideal. The unfurling of the Union Jack evokes in the English breast sentiments whose strength it is difficult to measure.

How Democracy Ends
by David Runciman
Published 9 May 2018

But it has no political power. The Road does not galvanise us into political action. It is an oddly consoling parable for a society of sleepwalkers and tightrope walkers. 3 Technological takeover! PEOPLE LAUGH WHEN Al Gore claims to have invented the internet. So they should. It wasn’t Gore. It was Mahatma Gandhi. Forster’s ‘The Machine Stops’ was first published in the Oxford and Cambridge Review in November 1909. Gandhi, then a youngish lawyer and civil rights activist living in South Africa, appears to have read the story on his sea journey home from London that month (the Review would have been in the ship’s library and everyone on board must have had time to kill, even Gandhi).

Art of Learning
by Josh Waitzkin
Published 7 May 2007

I hadn’t fully understood that he was inside of me, waiting, but surely all the work I had done for years had made him possible, perhaps inevitable. How did this new part of myself relate to the Josh I’d known my whole life, the kid who was once scared of the dark, the chess player, the young man who loves the rain and re-reading passages of Jack Kerouac? How did it fit in with my passion for Buddhism and the satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi? Honestly, these are questions that I am still sorting out. Do I want to explore more of this side of myself? Maybe. But perhaps in a different guise. Mainly what I felt after Taiwan was an urgent desire to get back to practice and shake off the idea that I had climbed my mountain. In the last two years I have started over.

The Power of Moments: Why Certain Experiences Have Extraordinary Impact
by Chip Heath and Dan Heath
Published 2 Oct 2017

What’s less well known about this story is that the demonstrators didn’t just show courage. They practiced it. They rehearsed it. And this brings us to the story of a remarkable figure in the civil rights movement: James Lawson. Lawson, a Methodist minister, had traveled to India to learn the techniques of nonviolent resistance from the disciples of Mahatma Gandhi. When he moved to Nashville, he began to train many of the people who would become leaders in the civil rights movement: Lewis, Nash, and others. Lawson believed strongly in preparation for resistance: “You cannot go on a demonstration with 25 people doing whatever they want to do. They have to have a common discipline; that’s a key word for me.

The Dark Cloud: How the Digital World Is Costing the Earth
by Guillaume Pitron
Published 14 Jun 2023

These technologies work as a catalyst for our daily undertakings, from the least honourable to the most noble. They elevate our legacy for future generations. To the demigods we have become, largely unaware of the incommensurable powers that are now in our hands, digital technology is ultimately an invitation to realise the powerful words of Mahatma Gandhi: ‘Be the change you want to see in the world.’ Acknowledgements AS PROOF OF HOW VERY MATERIAL A ‘LIKE’ REALLY IS, THIS INVESTIGATION required extensive international travel. Shoe-leather journalism is expensive, and this book would not have been possible without the constant support of my French editors, Henri Trubert and Sophie Marinopoulos.

Lonely Planet London
by Lonely Planet
Published 22 Apr 2012

Great Court Covered with a spectacular glass-and-steel roof designed by Norman Foster in 2000, the Great Court is the largest covered public square in Europe. In its centre is the world-famous Reading Room , formerly the British Library, which has been frequented by all the big brains of history, from Mahatma Gandhi to Karl Marx. Ancient Egypt The star of the show at the British Museum is the Ancient Egypt collection. It comprises sculptures, fine jewellery, papyrus texts, coffins and mummies, including the beautiful and intriguing Mummy of Katebet (room 63). Perhaps the most prized item in the collection is the Rosetta Stone (room 4), the key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics.

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Inns of Court For all of the West End’s urban mania, the area hides some unexpected pockets of Zenlike calm. Clustered around Holborn and Fleet St are the Inns of Court, with quiet alleys, open spaces and a serene atmosphere. All London barristers work from within one of the four inns, and a roll-call of former members ranges from Oliver Cromwell and Charles Dickens to Mahatma Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher. It would take a lifetime working here to grasp the intricacies of the protocols of the inns – they’re similar to the Freemasons, and both are 13th-century creations with centuries of tradition. It’s best to just soak in the dreamy atmosphere and relax. Lincoln’s Inn Offline map Google map ( Lincoln’s Inn Fields WC2; grounds 9am-6pm Mon-Fri, chapel 12.30-2.30pm Mon-Fri; Holborn) Lincoln’s Inn is the most attractive of the four inns and has a chapel, pleasant square and picturesque gardens that invite a stroll, especially early or late in the day when the legal eagles aren’t flapping about.

You Say Tomato, I Say Shut Up
by Annabelle Gurwitch
Published 31 Aug 2010

He Says If it wasn’t for the fact that I love pussy so much, I’d have given up on the whole marriage thing a long time ago. Ever since the birth of our son eleven years ago, I’ve been on a never-ending quest to get back to the pussy. My wife’s. But getting there is nearly a Herculean task demanding the patience of Mahatma Gandhi, the perseverance of a Chicago Cubs fan, the focus of Tiger Woods, and a mind so warped, so perverted, so single-minded in its pursuit, that it can withstand almost anything. Because what having a child does to your sex life is not unlike what happens when a majestic eagle is hit with a surface-to-air heat-seeking missile.

Fallen Idols: Twelve Statues That Made History
by Alex von Tunzelmann
Published 7 Jul 2021

It was deeply rooted in years and years of British rule that had been undemocratic and deliberately divisive.19 By 1965, though, India was moving forward, and the only reason to look back was to build useful myths. If anyone’s statue could replace George V’s, it had to be Gandhi’s. ‘It was only after Nehru’s death that the figure of Mahatma Gandhi could consensually stand as the symbol of Indian independence when the debate on the canopy took place’, wrote academic Sushmita Pati.20 At last, the Raj statues were disappearing. In line with Nehru’s suggestion that the Indian government make a present of the statues to anyone who wanted them, a few had been offloaded.

Green Economics: An Introduction to Theory, Policy and Practice
by Molly Scott Cato
Published 16 Dec 2008

GLOBALIZATION AND TRADE 137 11 Woodin and Lucas, Green Alternatives, p. 74; for a full discussion see Cato, Market Schmarket, ch. 4. 12 J. Porritt (2006) Capitalism as if the World Matters, London: Earthscan, p. 18. 13 M. K. Gandhi (1909) ‘New Year’, Indian Opinion, 2 January; reprinted in I. Raghavan (ed) The Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991. 14 You can find out more about these movements in both historical and contemporary context from the websites of Diggers and Dreamers (www.diggersanddreamers.org.uk/) and The Land Is Ours (www.tlio.org.uk/). 15 UNDP (2007) Sufficiency Economy and Human Development: Thailand Human Development Report 2007, Bangkok: UNDP. 16 C.

In Pursuit of Memory: The Fight Against Alzheimer's
by Joseph Jebelli
Published 30 Oct 2017

Though much of the evidence is preliminary and inconclusive, and sometimes merely anecdotal, considerations for stress, diet, exercise, cognitive training and even sleep are gaining scientific ground. And so I stepped into the uncertain world of preventive healthcare with cautious optimism. 9 Stress There is more to life than increasing its speed. Mahatma Gandhi, attributed IN HIS TRAILBLAZING work The Stress of Life, published in 1956, endocrinologist Hans Selye explained how stressful experiences can make us sick. Before Selye, the notion that stress could influence our biology was practically unheard of. Today, we’re all too familiar with the toll modern-life stress exerts on our health.

The Virtue of Nationalism
by Yoram Hazony
Published 3 Sep 2018

Progressives regarded Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points and the Atlantic Charter of Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill as beacons of hope for mankind—and this precisely because they were considered expressions of nationalism, promising national independence and self-determination to enslaved peoples around the world. Conservatives from Teddy Roosevelt to Dwight Eisenhower likewise spoke of nationalism as a positive good, and in their day Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were welcomed by conservatives for the “new nationalism” they brought to political life. In other lands, statesmen from Mahatma Gandhi to David Ben-Gurion led nationalist political movements that won widespread admiration and esteem as they steered their peoples to freedom.1 Surely, the many statesmen and intellectuals who embraced nationalism a few generations ago knew something about this subject, and were not simply trying to drag us back to a more primitive stage in our history, to war-mongering and racism.

Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey Into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley
by Corey Pein
Published 23 Apr 2018

If you had that response, bravo.” Eyal conceded that digital gadgets may be “the cigarettes of this century,” but said he was optimistic that these addictive products could be used for “good” and to “help people live healthier, happier, more productive” lives. Eyal wrapped up with a slide of Mahatma Gandhi, although El Chapo might’ve been a better choice. “I encourage you to build the change you wish to see in the world,” he concluded, then basked in applause. * * * As impoverished and self-serving as it was, Eyal’s lecture was the first and perhaps only time I heard the word “morality” emerge from the mouth of a Silicon Valley stage speaker.

The Joy of Less, A Minimalist Living Guide: How to Declutter, Organize, and Simplify Your Life
by Francine Jay

Make a list of every book, every plate, every fork, every shirt, every shoe, every sheet, every pen, every knickknack—in short, every single object—that resides inside your home. Too difficult? Try just one room. Still can’t do it? How about just one drawer. It’s pretty overwhelming, isn’t it? Do you still feel like you don’t have enough? PHILOSOPHY 10 Live simply, so that others may simply live Mahatma Gandhi said, “Live simply, so that others may simply live.” As it turns out, this may be the greatest incentive of all for becoming a minimalist. Now that we’re thinking globally, let’s consider this: we share the world with over six billion other people. Our space, and our resources, are finite. How can we guarantee that there’s enough food, water, land, and energy to go around?

Nuts and Bolts: Seven Small Inventions That Changed the World (In a Big Way)
by Roma Agrawal
Published 2 Mar 2023

When I was growing up in India, the motif of the wheel was a constant presence. Early versions of the nation’s flag designed during the fight for independence from British colonisers had at the centre a spinning wheel, or charkha. One of the ambitions held by leaders of this Swadeshi Movement, which included Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, Lala Lajpat Rai, and so many others, was to break free from economic dependence on the British and empower the colonised people of India. Gandhi was well known for making his own clothes and encouraged this action of peaceful civil disobedience, because making cloth locally was against the rules of the British Raj.

Lonely Planet London City Guide
by Tom Masters , Steve Fallon and Vesna Maric
Published 31 Jan 2010

* * * INNS OF COURT For all of the West End’s urban mania, the area hides some unexpected pockets of Zenlike calm. Clustered around Holborn and Fleet St are the Inns of Court, with quiet alleys, open spaces and a serene atmosphere. All London barristers work from within one of the four inns, and a roll call of former members ranges from Oliver Cromwell and Charles Dickens to Mahatma Gandhi, to Margaret Thatcher. It would take a lifetime working here to grasp the intricacies of the protocols of the inns – they’re similar to the Freemasons, and both are 13th-century creations with centuries of tradition – and it’s best to just soak in the dreamy atmosphere and relax. Gray’s Inn (Map; 7458 7800; Gray’s Inn Rd WC1; grounds 10am-4pm Mon-Fri, chapel 10am-6pm Mon-Fri; Holborn or Chancery Lane) This inn – destroyed during WWII, rebuilt and expanded – is less interesting than Lincoln’s Inn although the peaceful gardens are still something of a treat.

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* * * BRITISH MUSEUM HIGHLIGHTS (AND CONTROVERSIES) The first and most impressive thing you’ll see is the museum’s Great Court, covered with a spectacular glass-and-steel roof designed by Norman Foster in 2000; it is the largest covered public square in Europe. In its centre is the world-famous Reading Room, formerly the British Library, which has been frequented by all the big brains of history: George Bernard Shaw, Mahatma Gandhi, Oscar Wilde, William Butler Yeats, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy. The northern end of the courtyard’s lower level houses the terrific new Sainsbury African Galleries, a romp through the art and cultures of historic and contemporary African societies. Check out the 1820 King’s Library, the most stunning neoclassical space in London, which hosts a permanent exhibition ‘Enlightenment: Discovering the World in the 18th Century’.

Understanding Power
by Noam Chomsky
Published 26 Jul 2010

From my own personal experience in it, and that’s only a little piece of it obviously, I know who was doing the really important things, and I remember them—like, I remember that this student worked hard to set up that demonstration, and that’s why I had a chance to talk there; and they were bringing other people in to get involved; they were enjoying what they were doing, and communicating that to others somehow. That’s what makes popular movements work—but of course, that’s all going to be gone from history: what will be left in history is just the fluff on the top. MAN: I’m curious what you think about some of the more famous leaders of change—like Martin Luther King or Mahatma Gandhi, for instance. You don’t ever seem to mention them when you speak. Why is that? Well, let’s take Martin Luther King. See, I think Martin Luther King was an important person, but I do not think that he was a big agent of change. In fact, I think Martin Luther King was able to play a role in bringing about change only because the real agents of change were doing a lot of work.

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They’re certainly not going to invade anybody, that’s not even imaginable: if they ever made a move, the country gets destroyed tomorrow. So the only role that nuclear weapons could play for them is as a deterrent to attack—and that’s not totally unrealistic. I mean, it’s a pretty crazy country, and there’s not very much good—there’s nothing good—you can say about the government. But no matter who they were, if they were Mahatma Gandhi, they would be worried about a possible attack. I mean, the United States was threatening North Korea with nuclear weapons at least as late as the 1960s. 62 And after all, just remember what we did to that country—it was absolutely flattened. Here people may not be aware of what we did to them, but they certainly know it well enough.

The Knowledge Illusion
by Steven Sloman
Published 10 Feb 2017

The civil rights movement was only one component of the social revolution that took place in the sixties. Martin Luther King Jr. was a primary activist in the civil rights movement and a great leader. But despite his cultural status, he did not single-handedly enact civil rights legislation. Yet he remains the face of the movement, as Mahatma Gandhi remains the face of Indian independence and Susan B. Anthony the face of women’s suffrage in America. All three were great leaders, but they would have achieved nothing without supportive communities behind them; they did not operate alone. The lionization of individuals, as well as our corresponding failure to appreciate the role of the communities they represent, is more than just a ruse to simplify complex histories.

I Never Knew That About London
by Christopher Winn
Published 3 Oct 2007

Occupying over 45,000 sq ft (4,180 sq m) and spread over six floors on Regent Street, HAMLEY’S is THE WORLD’S LARGEST TOY-SHOP. BRITAIN’S FIRST INDIAN RESTAURANT, VEERASWAMY, was opened in Regent Street by Edward Palmer in 1927. Their most appreciative customer was the campaigner for Indian independence MAHATMA GANDHI. Britain’s smallest police box JACK SMITH introduced THE FIRST GRAPEFRUIT INTO ENGLAND on his market stall in Berwick Street in 1890. OXFORD CIRCUS is LONDON UNDERGROUND’S SECOND BUSIEST STATION after Victoria. The 100 CLUB at No. 100 Oxford Street, which opened in 1942, is THE OLDEST LIVE MUSIC VENUE IN LONDON and LONDON’S OLDEST JAZZ CLUB.

Hatching Twitter
by Nick Bilton
Published 5 Nov 2013

But as time went on, Jack started to emulate Jobs’s appearance too. He experimented with Jobs’s round glasses and cloned the mantra of a daily uniform. One day he showed up to the office in blue jeans, a white buttoned-up shirt, and a black blazer. And from that moment on, he rarely wore anything else in public. Jack began talking about Mahatma Gandhi, the nonviolent leader of Indian nationalism, after he discovered that Jobs had traveled through India for several months in 1974 in search of enlightenment. Jack made a portrait of Gandhi the screen saver on his computer and then tweeted the picture. He also started walking new Square employees along a path through San Francisco that would begin at a statue of Ghandi.

Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt
by Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco
Published 7 Apr 2014

They appeal to Wakan Tanka, the Great Mystery, and make their offerings of flesh, some by hooking a train of buffalo skulls to ropes fixed onto their backs for relatives, friends, and the community. The dance is a ritual that demands sacrifice and purification. The dancers move off the field for a rest. One of the medicine men speaks to the families in a mixture of Lakota and English. “Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most powerful men in this world, but he was one of the most humble men that we ever met,” he says. “And that’s the way we teach here in the Lakota belief. It is sad that some people see that as a weakness. But in reality that’s a strength, and that’s what these Sun Dancers learn here.

Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations
by Clay Shirky
Published 28 Feb 2008

The antiwar flower protest in Michigan was a way of doing “something positive to deliver our message,” as one protester put it (“Flowers Used to Protest War,” www.statenews.com/index.php/article/2006/04/flowers_used_to_protest). Similarly, the flowers sent to the U.S. State Department were often referred to as Ghandigiri, which is to say “in the spirit of Mahatma Gandhi” (“Say It with Flowers: Gandhigiri for US Green Cards,” in.news.yahoo.com/070710/48/6hwnn.html ). In all these cases, the delivery of actual objects did triple duty: the physical delivery increased attention, the nature of the object underlined the message (opposition with the nuts, nonviolence with the flowers), and the cost of sending the object communicated real commitment on the part of the sender.

The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies
by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee
Published 20 Jan 2014

We don’t think any of these advances is likely to come any time soon, but we’ve also learned that it’s very easy to underestimate the power of digital, exponential, and combinatorial innovation. So never say never. “A policy is a temporary creed liable to be changed, but while it holds good it has got to be pursued with apostolic zeal.” —Mahatma Gandhi WHAT SHOULD WE DO to encourage the bounty of the second machine age while working to reduce the spread, or at least mitigate its harmful effects? How can we best encourage technology to race ahead while ensuring that as few people as possible are left behind? With so much science-fiction technology becoming reality now every day, it might seem that radical steps are necessary.

Frugal Innovation: How to Do Better With Less
by Jaideep Prabhu Navi Radjou
Published 15 Feb 2015

Conclusion Having addressed the “what” and “why” of frugal innovation, let us now turn to the “how” and begin with the first of our six principles: engage and iterate. 2Principle one: engage and iterate A customer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. We are dependent on him. He is not an interruption in our work. He is the purpose of it. He is not an outsider in our business. He is part of it. We are not doing him a favour by serving him. He is doing us a favour by giving us an opportunity to do so. Mahatma Gandhi IN 1983, SCOTT COOK, who had worked in marketing at Procter & Gamble, a multinational consumer-products company, co-founded Intuit, a start-up that aimed to replace paper-and-pencil personal accounting with software applications that could run on personal computers. Cook was inspired to launch the applications after hearing his wife complain about the hassle of tracking and settling household bills.

The Age of Stagnation: Why Perpetual Growth Is Unattainable and the Global Economy Is in Peril
by Satyajit Das
Published 9 Feb 2016

Critics allege that it does nothing to actually reduce emissions and may in fact increase them, due to complications related to rapidly lowering then increasing electricity output. The event does not factor in emissions from promoting and publicizing the occasion, nor does it tackle the issues of overconsumption of scarce resources and environmental damage. It is reminiscent of the observation by poet Sarojini Naidu that it cost a fortune to keep India's ascetic leader Mahatma Gandhi in poverty. In Greek mythology, two sea monsters, Scylla and Charybdis, guarded the Strait of Messina, posing a grave threat to seafarers. To avoid Scylla meant passing too close to Charybdis. Avoiding Charybdis meant passing too close to Scylla. Odysseus, in Homer's epic poem, is forced to choose which of these two monsters to confront while passing through the strait.

No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy
by Linsey McGoey
Published 14 Apr 2015

While there’s much to commend in these organizations, they’re not particularly new. Two of them are over forty years old, and all build upon infrastructures established through earlier development efforts implemented through the twentieth century. In the case of Barefoot College, founder Sanjit ‘Bunker’ Roy has often stressed that Mahatma Gandhi’s spirit of selfless service is the inspiration for his own non-profit work. And yet, despite the generality of the term, the many historical parallels, and the discomfort over whether Bunker Roy’s vision sits comfortably next to Lee Scott’s, proponents of social entrepreneurship continue to proclaim, without pointing to much evidence, that social entrepreneurship heralds a revolutionary break from past business practices.

Everything's Trash, but It's Okay
by Phoebe Robinson
Published 15 Oct 2018

This is notable for me because so often when people of color are invited to fancy things, the only other POCs there will be the waitstaff, holding a ratchet chimney sweeper broom. Oh, you have all this money and can’t afford a freaking Swiffer WetJet for your employees? SortYourLifeOut.com. Anyway, a couple of rich white people paid for a bunch of other white people to wait on me as we sailed around the ocean, so clearly Julia and Danny adhered to the famous Mahatma Gandhi quote “Be the reparations you wish to see in the world.” We sailed around parts of Croat-Croat for a bit before chilling off the coast of Hvar. Throughout the day, everyone jumped off the yacht, swam around, and basically had the time of their lives in the water. I, meanwhile, kept my black behind on the yacht, sipping wine and cracking jokes because I have no idea how to swim.

How to Be the Startup Hero: A Guide and Textbook for Entrepreneurs and Aspiring Entrepreneurs
by Tim Draper
Published 18 Dec 2017

I will do everything in my power to drive, build and pursue progress and change. It would be naive to think that the problems plaguing mankind today can be solved with means and methods which were applied or seemed to work in the past. Mikhail Gorbachev You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Mahatma Gandhi I was taught that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy. Marie Curie How wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress. Niels Bohr Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. George Bernard Shaw If you want to succeed you should strike out on new paths, rather than travel the worn paths of accepted success.

Copenhagenize: The Definitive Guide to Global Bicycle Urbanism
by Mikael Colville-Andersen
Published 28 Mar 2018

After much discussion, though, it was decided not to ban them. The Germans exploited Denmark as a breadbasket to feed their armies, and without bicycles Denmark would grind to a halt, which would negatively impact the production of food and risk riling up the population. The bicycle was considered dangerous … but kind of like Mahatma Gandhi was considered dangerous. Massive demonstration on City Hall Square in Copenhagen where citizens demanded safer cycling conditions in 1979. © Søren Svendsen We all owned cycling. It was universally anonymous. This continues today in countries like the Netherlands, Denmark, and Japan. Bicycles are tools.

China's Good War
by Rana Mitter

The elevation of China in the global community did not mark a bright new postimperialist world, but rather a deeply compromised one in which empires would be a factor for years to come. This situation allowed the Nationalists to define themselves as anti-imperialists with a new role to play in Asia. During the war, Chiang Kai-shek wrote frequently of the need to liberate Asian colonies, and in February 1942 he traveled to India to visit Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi.42 Chiang had begun planning for the postwar period long before the war actually came to an end. Between the Japanese invasion in 1937 and Pearl Harbor in 1941, China spent much of the war on the back foot. But with the American entry in 1941, which Chiang, like Churchill, viewed as the turning point in the global war, the Chinese leader began to think about what the postwar world would look like and what China’s role within it would be.

The Classical School
by Callum Williams
Published 19 May 2020

Economic growth would result as the drain now retained would be used to boost investment.4 Naoroji also wanted India to raise barriers to trade, thus helping to protect industries that were getting going.5 Naoroji himself became more of a strident nationalist over time. “Self-government”, he was eventually to declare, “is the only and chief remedy. In self-government lies our hope, strength and greatness.” Bayly speculates that Naoroji “seems to have been the first major public man to use the term ‘Swaraj’ (self-rule) for dominion status in India”. Mahatma Gandhi even hung a portrait of Naoroji in his room when he lived in South Africa. He referred to Naoroji as both “the author of nationalism” and “the Father of the Nation”. But does drain theory stack up? One issue is what precisely Naoroji considers to be part of the “drain”. He has a poor understanding of so-called “invisible” imports, such as insurance.

Orange Sunshine: The Brotherhood of Eternal Love and Its Quest to Spread Peace, Love, and Acid to the World
by Nicholas Schou
Published 16 Mar 2010

Lynd, who would go on to play an unexpected and cataclysmic role in the rise and fall of the Brotherhood of Eternal Love, did as he was told. According to the document Lynd filed in Sacramento, the purpose of the Brotherhood was to “bring the world a greater awareness of God through the teachings of Jesus Christ, Buddha, Ramakrishna, Babaji, Parahamansa Yogananda, Mahatma Gandhi, and all true prophets and apostles of God, and to spread the love and wisdom of these great teachers to all men irrespective of race, color or circumstances.” The registration was dated October 26, 1966. Exactly fifteen days earlier, California’s state legislature had passed the first law in the United States of America banning the very sacrament that Griggs and his friends had come to worship as a divine instrument of God.

Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives
by Siddharth Kara
Published 30 Jan 2023

Epilogue It’s the action, not the fruit of the action, that’s important. You have to do the right thing. It may not be in your power, may not be in your time, that there’ll be any fruit. But that doesn’t mean you stop doing the right thing. You may never know what results come from your action. But if you do nothing, there will be no result. —Mahatma Gandhi A FEW MONTHS AFTER THE tunnel collapse at Kamilombe, I met with the Congolese ambassador to the United States, François Nkuna Balumuene. Ambassador Balumuene was a broad, kind-faced man who listened patiently as I described my experiences in his country. We found common ground in the belief that foreign companies should share more of the wealth they generated from Congolese cobalt with the people who dug it out of the ground for them.

How to Stand Up to a Dictator
by Maria Ressa
Published 19 Oct 2022

We decided to use the power of group dynamics and social networks to do something positive: spread hope. We used a simple tagline or slogan: “Ako ang Simula,” which means “I am the beginning.”9 In spirit, it means “Change begins with me.” We drew from universal messages. This one was inspired by an idea often credited to Mahatma Gandhi—“Be the change you want to see”—but it went all the way back to the ancient Greeks: Plutarch’s “What we achieve inwardly will change outward reality.”10 We decided to spread hope through empowerment. It was a call to action.11 The sustaining vehicle was a crowdsourced citizen journalism program on politics and social concerns.

The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty
by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
Published 23 Sep 2019

As Plutarch has it: Thus Theseus . . . went on his way chastising the wicked, who were visited with the same violence from him, which they were visiting on others, and suffered justice after the manner of their own injustice. Theseus’s strategy was therefore very much “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” Athens was living Mahatma Gandhi’s “an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” Athenian kings didn’t last long, however. By the end of the Dark Ages the city was ruled by a group of Archons, or chief magistrates, who represented its rich families. These elites competed endlessly for power, a process which sometimes led to coups such as the one by Cylon in 632 BCE.

…

In 1892 an act stipulated that panchayats should be elected by the people “in any manner convenient,” while an act of 1911 passed in Madras allowed for the election of panchayats and listed a large number of tasks that they should undertake, including the lighting of public roads, cleaning public roads, drains, tanks, and wells, and establishing and maintaining schools and hospitals. It’s no coincidence then that Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of an ideal India was based on autarkic villages, what he called Hindu Swaraj, or Indian Home Rule. British colonial authority tried to tap into the same traditions. After independence, these village institutions were strengthened. Clause 243 of the Indian Constitution allows for the creation of a Gram Sabha, a village assembly consisting of adults qualified to vote who would democratically elect a panchayat to govern village affairs.

Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness
by Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein
Published 7 Apr 2008

Whether or not they have ever studied economics, many people seem at least implicitly committed to the idea of homo economicus, or economic man—the notion that each of us thinks and chooses unfailingly well, and thus fits within the textbook picture of human beings offered by economists. If you look at economics textbooks, you will learn that homo economicus can think like Albert Einstein, store as much memory as IBM’s Big Blue, and exercise the willpower of Mahatma Gandhi. Really. But the folks that we know are not like that. Real people have trouble with long division if they don’t have a calculator, sometimes forget their spouse’s birthday, and have a hangover on New Year’s Day. They are not homo economicus; they are homo sapiens. To keep our Latin usage to a minimum we will hereafter refer to these imaginary and real species as Econs and Humans.

The Black Nile: One Man's Amazing Journey Through Peace and War on the World's Longest River
by Dan Morrison
Published 11 Aug 2010

They said that when the Comboni Brothers come we will all be making the sign of the cross. I was here before God. When did you come here? I was here six thousand years. Before religion. Before God.” I mentioned that Mohammed Wardi, the Nubian singer, had talked about armed resistance in Nubia. Bitek shook his head. “I respect Mahatma Gandhi. Mr. Nehru, he sees a cow, he bows down. That’s his belief. Those who speak of armed resistance should come and see. Come and see the situation here. Where are the people? This area is not suitable for guerrilla warfare.” Halfa was a Nubian city, he said, but its institutions—the banks, the police and the major businesses—were all in the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood.

The Virgin Way: Everything I Know About Leadership
by Richard Branson
Published 8 Sep 2014

There is nothing wrong with cherishing and enjoying memories and hopefully learning from past experiences just as planning for the future is something we obviously all have to do as well – but what about today? All too frequently ‘now’ gets lost in the frenetic shuffle to rush ahead to tomorrow. Face it: these are ‘the good old days’ that you’ll be looking back on twenty years from now – so why not move heaven and earth to enjoy them while you’ve got them? Mahatma Gandhi is one of my all-time heroes, and a quote from him that I think I first read in a school history lesson has stuck with me ever since: ‘Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.’ This good advice has been popularly abbreviated to, ‘Live every day as if it were your last’, which is a wonderful sentiment even if it has frequently become a worldwide rallying cry for never-mind-the-consequences hell-raisers.

Work Less, Live More: The Way to Semi-Retirement
by Robert Clyatt
Published 28 Sep 2007

And as men began to leave full-time career pursuits in numbers similar to women’s, their health and longevity could even begin to come in line with those women enjoy. People with more time chapter 8 | Make Your Life Matter | 323 to stop and talk—or even better, stop and listen—could help make life a little better for everyone. Pacifist icon Mahatma Gandhi said, “Be the change you want to see in the world.” As a semi-retiree you are uniquely blessed with the time, resources, and energy to take a stand and make a difference. If something is important to you, you can do something about it. Semi-Retirement Works While there are no large, academically rigorous studies assessing the impact of semi-retirement on the population, some smaller polls of semiretirees on the www.early-retirement.forum website were done for this book.

Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World
by Adam Grant
Published 2 Feb 2016

This belief is embedded so deeply in our cultural psyche that we rarely even stop to think about it. We admire astronauts like Neil Armstrong and Sally Ride for having “the right stuff”—the courage to leave the only planet humans have ever inhabited and venture boldly into space. We celebrate heroes like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., who possessed enough conviction to risk their lives for the moral principles they held dear. We idolize icons like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates for having the audacity to drop out of school and go for broke, holing up in garages to will their technological visions into existence.

Instant City: Life and Death in Karachi
by Steve Inskeep
Published 12 Oct 2011

15th August will Herald in the Independence of Hindustan & Pakistan With a Feast of Dance, Music, and Delicate Romance In JEEVAN PICTURES ALL INDIA PREMIERE ARSI Moviegoers could continue on for dinner at Mishat, which was planning to open on the same day, August 15, offering the “best Indian & European dishes” at the “only ideal & exclusive restaurant in the town.” The migrants were adopting a prosperous port city with a population of around four hundred thousand. Factories turned out chemicals, paper, and glass. People drove Chrysler sedans, and could order “home delivered” British Singer roadsters from a dealer on Mahatma Gandhi Street. A radio station was just opening for business, offering local songs of Sindh, the province that includes Karachi, as well as a program of “recorded Western music” called “The Birth of the Blues.” Newspapers catered to a sophisticated readership; some of the city’s elite had been educated in England.

Beyond: Our Future in Space
by Chris Impey
Published 12 Apr 2015

Even though America no longer dominates space exploration, former NASA administrator Michael Griffin said that when more people live off-Earth than live on it, “. . . we want their culture to be Western, because Western Civilization is the best we’ve seen so far in human history.” This is a jaw-dropping neocolonial statement to come from the mouth of such a high-ranking government official. He may have been unaware of a prior rebuttal by Mahatma Gandhi; when asked what he thought of Western Civilization, he’s reported to have said, “I think it would be a good idea.” One year earlier, X Prize Foundation Chairman Peter Diamandis said, “The Solar System is like a giant grocery store. It has everything we could possibly want. . . . The Solar System’s seemingly limitless energy and mineral resources will solve Earth’s resource shortages.”14 This is acquisitiveness dressed as utilitarianism—if it’s there and we want it, we’ll take it.

Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World
by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler
Published 3 Feb 2015

But, in the exponential times ahead, in a world of a trillion sensors, drones, satellites, and glass, someone will always be watching. While this raises serious concerns for privacy, it also offers us hope for the end of oppression and perhaps the beginning of an entirely new breed of moral global leadership. Who will be the Martin Luther King, Jr., or Mahatma Gandhi of the exponential age? Our history tells us that this breed of leaders is extremely rare and often underappreciated at first glance. Perhaps such leadership will materialize from experimentation in virtual worlds, or emerge from some crowdsourced competition, or be yielded over to a benevolent artificial intelligence.

Nervous States: Democracy and the Decline of Reason
by William Davies
Published 26 Feb 2019

An idea that might help such a thought experiment is that of nonviolence. This is not the same thing as “freedom of speech,” “rationality,” “human rights,” or any of the other totemic values of Western civilization. “Nonviolence” typically refers to forms of activism and protest, in the tradition of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. It means actively and physically intervening in society, to both publicize and protect human and nonhuman bodies that are under threat. One could include various rescue services within this, in which experts and brave individuals act rapidly to prevent harm. By recognizing that people must be mobilized, it shows where political hope must lie for the future.

Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
by James Nestor
Published 25 May 2020

“At six-feet-one-inch and 170 pounds, and with a lot of energy for debate and persuasion, he was a formidable figure,” wrote a staff member. By the age of three, Rama was practicing yoga and breathing techniques around his home in northern India. He’d later move to Himalayan monasteries and study secret practices alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Sri Aurobindo, and other Eastern luminaries. In his 20s, he headed west to attend Oxford and other universities, then eventually set off around the world to teach the methods he’d learned from the masters to anyone who cared to listen. In the spring of 1970, Rama was sitting at a wooden desk in a small, pictureless office at the Menninger Clinic with an EKG over his heart and EEG sensors on his forehead.

Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How It Changed the World
by Laura Spinney
Published 31 May 2017

In March 1919, Koreans rose up in an independence movement that the Japanese quickly crushed (Koreans finally gained their independence after the Second World War), and in the same month Egyptians and Sudanese people revolted against their British ‘protectors’–a revolution that would lead to Egypt gaining its independence in 1922. By March 1919, meanwhile, tensions in India had reached breaking point, in large part due to the flu. In that country, however, they wouldn’t come to a head until the following month. GANDHI AND THE GRASS ROOTS Throughout the summer of 1918, Mahatma Gandhi was busy recruiting Indian troops to the British war effort. By the autumn he was worn out, and while at his ashram on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, he suffered what he thought was a mild attack of dysentery. He made up his mind to starve the alien force out of his body, but gave into temptation and ate a bowl of sweet porridge that his wife Kasturba had prepared for him.

Reset: How to Restart Your Life and Get F.U. Money: The Unconventional Early Retirement Plan for Midlife Careerists Who Want to Be Happy
by David Sawyer
Published 17 Aug 2018

Glossophobia is our number one fear, above death. “If you go to a funeral,” US comedian Jerry Seinfeld quipped, “you’re better off in the casket than doing the eulogy[50].” Warren Buffett, Eleanor Roosevelt, that British prime minister Harold MacMillan again, Julia Roberts[51], Jackie Kennedy, Princess Di[52], Mahatma Gandhi all hated public speaking, for one reason or another, before tackling their fears to convey their message. And if you’re still thinking that’s fine for them, they come from a background of wealth and privilege; millions of people, normal people such as you and me, overcome this fear every day, every week, every year.

Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know About the People We Don't Know
by Malcolm Gladwell
Published 9 Sep 2019

One of his critics would later compare him to a priest entering a pub for the first time, blind to the difference “between a social gathering and a rough house.” But this pattern isn’t confined to Chamberlain. It also afflicted Lord Halifax, who would go on to become Chamberlain’s foreign secretary. Halifax was an aristocrat, a superb student at Eton and Oxford. He served as Viceroy of India between the wars, where he negotiated brilliantly with Mahatma Gandhi. He was everything Chamberlain was not: worldly, seasoned, deeply charming, an intellectual—a man of such resolute religiosity that Churchill dubbed him the “Holy Fox.” Halifax went to Berlin in the fall of 1937 and met with the German leader at Berchtesgaden: he was the only other member of England’s ruling circle to have spent time with the Führer.

Owning the Sun
by Alexander Zaitchik
Published 7 Jan 2022

An Indian drug company called Cipla was offering to make generic combination therapies and sell them to poor countries for less than a dollar a day. The company represented everything that TRIPS had been designed to snuff out. The company’s founder, Khwaja Abdul Hamied, had been influential in shaping the Indian nationalist movement’s view of scientific development as a state-level expression of Gandhian self-reliance. Mahatma Gandhi would sanction this relationship in a visit to Cipla’s laboratory shortly before his assassination. Hamied’s son Yusuf followed his father’s political example and took pride in India’s role as pharmacy to the world. Following the Times report, the industry position, always weak, became untenable.

The Unusual Billionaires
by Saurabh Mukherjea
Published 16 Aug 2016

Hence, expansion in rural markets was crucial for maintaining profitability. However, making profits in these markets is not easy due to higher credit losses. HDFC Bank knew that these smaller towns and cities had potential. After all, rural incomes rose sharply in the late noughties due to schemes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA). The bank sensed an opportunity in rural lending as the market potential was huge and penetration low. ‘Around 70 per cent of India lives there and that’s the future,’ Puri said in one of his media interviews in 2012. ‘The semi-urban and rural areas are almost virgin markets.’

Merchants of the Right: Gun Sellers and the Crisis of American Democracy
by Jennifer Carlson
Published 2 May 2023

Du Bois5 recognized that democracy’s promise could only be fulfilled by universalizing the franchise to women and African Americans and by expanding the principles of democratic decision-making to industry. And, rethinking democracy from the perspective of non-violence and anti-colonial resistance, Mahatma Gandhi rejected the focus on individual rights altogether and instead emphasized the self-sufficient and self-reliant community as the bedrock of democratic governance.6 But for all the nuances, ambiguities, and reinventions throughout the long history of the idea and its practice, democracy’s contemporary meaning in the United States seems to have amply shrunk: a 2021 New York Times crossword reduced democracy to one simple act—the vote.7 Writing on the practical utility of democracy’s conceptual vastness, political theorist Bernard Crick noted, “It is easier to say when a government or any other form of authority is acting undemocratically than to say when it is acting truly democratically.”8 Illustrating that insight, Harvard legal scholar Michael Klarman identified a list of indicators for democracy’s decline in the United States under its 45th president, Donald Trump: attacks on free speech, undermining credibility of press, direct threats to reporters, attacks on the judiciary, politicization of law enforcement, overt use of government for private gain, overt racism, the endorsement of violence, the erosion of transparency, open admiration of Vladimir Putin and other autocrats, and explicit efforts at delegitimizing elections through words and deeds.9 Recognizing that “today’s autocrats are not your grandparents’ autocrats,”10 Klarman acknowledges that the line between democratic leaders and autocrats-in-the-making is blurry.

Unweaving the Rainbow
by Richard Dawkins
Published 7 Aug 2011

* * * Index Numbers in brackets refer to relevant works numbered in the bibliography. * * * * Correcting copy in August 1998, I cannot let this pass without sadly reflecting that Nehru would feel India's decision to carry out nuclear tests, unilaterally and in defiance of world opinion, to be a shocking abuse of science and a desecration of his memory and that of Mahatma Gandhi. [back] *** * Colour is a rich source of philosophical speculation, which is often scientifically under-informed. A laudable attempt to rectify this is C. L. Hardin's 1988 book, Color for Philosophers: Unweaving the Rainbow. I am embarrassed to say that I discovered this book, and in particular its excellent subtitle, only after mine had gone off to the publishers.

The new village green: living light, living local, living large
by Stephen Morris
Published 1 Sep 2007

We must therefore study the essential nature of the private enterprise system and the possibilities of evolving an alternative system which might fit the new situation.” — from Small is Beautiful The NEW VILLAGE GREEN 127 “ One of the fascinating aspects of the sustainability revolution is that, unlike Mahatma Gandhi who led the Non-Violence movement and Martin Luther King, Jr., who led the Civil Rights movement, there is no single leader. Instead, hundreds of thousands of community leaders and citizens from around the world are taking action through ecological, economic and social projects to improve people’s lives and protect the environment.

The Road to Character
by David Brooks
Published 13 Apr 2015

Randolph,” one outside analyst of the 1941 March on Washington organization observed, “which paralyzes action and prevents an intelligent working out of policy.”13 But Randolph had one more important contribution to make to the civil rights movement. In the 1940s and 1950s he was among those who championed nonviolent resistance as a tactic to advance the civil rights cause. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and some of the early labor movement tactics, he helped form the League of Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation in 1948.14 Against most of the established civil rights groups, which advocated education and reconciliation over confrontation and contention, Randolph argued for restaurant sit-ins and “prayer protests.”

Choked: Life and Breath in the Age of Air Pollution
by Beth Gardiner
Published 18 Apr 2019

If we leave, your grandparents are here, your cousins are still here. Let’s stay and try to fix it. And in the meantime, wear masks.’” * * * Most Indians, of course, don’t have the choice. On a concrete island in the middle of an eight-lane highway, near a stretch of south Delhi road named for Mahatma Gandhi, I meet Mohammad and Babli Yunus. They’re raising their five children on this patch of pavement, surrounded on three sides by the highway and pressed on the fourth against a tall metal fence. Above them, an overpass carries several more lanes of traffic. The family’s possessions hang from the fence’s spikes: a plastic bucket, bundles wrapped in patterned cloth, a few blankets, a shirt.

The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and the Birth of the People's Economy
by Stephanie Kelton
Published 8 Jun 2020

Within three years, half of the participants had left the program, most for jobs in the private sector.37 In 2003, at its annual Growth and Development Summit, South Africa’s government formalized a commitment to “more jobs, better jobs, [and] decent work for all.”38 The Expanded Public Works Program (EPWP) grew out of that commitment. The program created “temporary work for the unemployed to carry out socially useful activities.”39 Two years later, the Indian government instituted the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). The program was motivated by a desire to narrow disparities between rural and urban incomes. To create opportunities for those living where unemployment was high, the government guaranteed one hundred days of minimum wage work—with wages equal for men and women—for any rural household.

Age of Anger: A History of the Present
by Pankaj Mishra
Published 26 Jan 2017

Kahn, Political Theology: Four New Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (New York, 2011), and Emilio Gentile, Politics as Religion (Princeton, 2006). Akeel Bilgrami, Secularism, Identity, and Enchantment (Cambridge, MA, 2014), makes some enlightening connections. 5. Regaining My Religion I. Nationalism Unbound Godse’s remarkable courtroom testament is now available in a revised edition: Nathuram Vinayak Godse, Why I Assassinated Mahatma Gandhi (Delhi, 2014). On Savarkar’s connection to Gandhi’s assassination, see A. G. Noorani, Savarkar and Hindutva: The Godse Connection (New Delhi, 2002). Naipaul’s early views of India are contained in the essays in The Writer and the World (London, 2002) and India: A Wounded Civilization (London, 1977).

Rocket Men: The Daring Odyssey of Apollo 8 and the Astronauts Who Made Man's First Journey to the Moon
by Robert Kurson
Published 2 Apr 2018

At their offices in New York City, the editors of Time magazine decided on its Man of the Year. Their criteria did not include virtue—only that the selected person be the one who most affected the news and embodied what was important about the year. Previously, the magazine had named luminaries such as John F. Kennedy, Winston Churchill, and Mahatma Gandhi. For 1968, they chose THE DISSENTER. JUST EIGHT MINUTES AFTER THE THIRD-STAGE engine cutoff, Apollo 8 burst through the altitude record of 853 miles set by Gemini 11 in 1966. But there was little time to celebrate, or even notice, the achievement. The spacecraft needed to separate from the spent third-stage booster, the S-IVB.

How to Stop Worrying and Start Living
by Dale Carnegie
Published 17 May 2009

It is safe to say that every one of them fell ill because he had lost that which the living religions of every age have given to their followers, and none of them has been really healed who did not regain his religious outlook." William James said approximately the same thing: "Faith is one of the forces by which men live," he declared, "and the total absence of it means collapse." The late Mahatma Gandhi, the greatest Indian leader since Buddha, would have collapsed if he had not been inspired by the sustaining power of prayer. How do I know? Because Gandhi himself said so. "Without prayer," he wrote, "I should have been a lunatic long ago." Thousands of people could give similar testimony.

Quit Like a Woman: The Radical Choice to Not Drink in a Culture Obsessed With Alcohol
by Holly Glenn Whitaker
Published 9 Jan 2020

Real power is the ability to be in your skin, to know who you are, to know you will always be okay. Real power comes from your gut and your heart and your courage and your bravery and your love. Real power can never be taken away from you and never lost once it’s found. It’s the kind of power that people like Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., and Rosa Parks and the Dalai Lama all had or have—a quality within unaffected by outer circumstances, an eternal flame that cannot be touched. I repeat Yogi Bhajan’s words here: You are very powerful, provided you know how powerful you are. I imagine you’re wondering where you even begin to acquire this kind of power.

Empireland: How Imperialism Has Shaped Modern Britain
by Sathnam Sanghera
Published 28 Jan 2021

III: 1854–1861, John Murray, 1908, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/28649/28649-h/28649-h.htm Bhambra, Gurminder K., ‘The imperial nostalgia of a “Small Island”’, UKandEU, 4/06/2018, https://ukandeu.ac.uk/the-imperial-nostalgia-of-a-small-island/ Bhambra, Gurminder K., Gebrial, Dalia, and Niancolu, Kerem, Decolonising the University, Pluto Press, 2018 Bickert, Sven, Empire of Cotton: A New History of Global Capitalism, Penguin, 2015 Biggar, Nigel, ‘Don’t feel guilty about our colonial history’, The Times, 30/11/2017, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/don-t-feel-guilty-about-our-colonial-history-ghvstdhmj Biggar, Nigel, ‘Rhodes, Race, and the Abuse of History’, Standpoint, 03/2016, http://www.standpointmag.co.uk/features-march-2016-nigel-biggarrhodes-race-history-rhodes-must-fall ‘Biggest Global Sports – A statistics-based analysis of the biggest global sports’, Biggest Global Sports, 2014, http://www.biggestglobalsports.com/top-sporting-nations/4587465102 Biswas, Soutik, ‘Was Mahatma Gandhi a racist?’, BBC News, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-34265882 Black, Jeremy, The British Empire: A History and a Debate, Routledge, 2015 Blainey, Geoffrey, ‘Lost Causes of the Jameson Raid’, Economic History Review 1965, 18:2, 350–66, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2592099?seq=1 Boast, Robyn, ‘Neocolonial Collaboration: Museum as Contact Zone Revisited’, Museum Anthropology 2011, 34:1, 56–70, https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1548-1379.2010.01107.x Boddy, Janice, Civilizing Women: British Crusades in Colonial Sudan, Princeton University Press, 2007 Boehme, Kate, and Lester, Alan, ‘Time to throw out the balance sheet’, University of Sussex, 26/01/2016, https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/snapshotsofempire/2016/01/26/time-to-throw-out-the-balance-sheet/ Bogart, Dan, and Chaudhary, Latika, ‘Extractive institutions?

What's Next?: Unconventional Wisdom on the Future of the World Economy
by David Hale and Lyric Hughes Hale
Published 23 May 2011

Viewers of networks such as CNN and the BBC saw a seemingly literate, articulate, often English-speaking, and smartly dressed (though minimally and even provocatively hijab observant) group of young people demonstrate a great deal of courage and political sophistication. Chants of “Death to America” and “Long live the Ayatollah” were replaced by “Where is my vote?” (which some Americans could empathize with), “Everyone…a Martin Luther King,” and “Everyone…a Mahatma Gandhi.” This was a savvy bunch of activists who were committed to nonviolence, making limited yet achievable demands, and never surrendering the moral high ground. And the images were there to verify that Iranians were exercising their modern subjectivity. The physical backdrop to all of this was a country with modern cities, boulevards, and infrastructure.

Business Lessons From a Radical Industrialist
by Ray C. Anderson
Published 28 Mar 2011

It’s an insurance policy our government (that’s you and I) provides at no cost to the nuclear industry—not a penny in liability premiums is collected. Take the subsidy away and no right-thinking board would ever approve a nuclear investment. Think about that when you hear someone mention grid parity, or say, “Renewables can’t compete with nuclear energy on price.” You know, when Mahatma Gandhi was asked what he thought of Western civilization, he wryly answered, “It would be a very good idea.” The same might be said about our “free” market. It, too, would be a very good idea. But a strange and perverse hybrid that is called “free” and is anything but is the one we’ve got. Call it Market 1.0.

The Land Grabbers: The New Fight Over Who Owns the Earth
by Fred Pearce
Published 28 May 2012

It marked the first anniversary of a successful demonstration at a provincial court, when some five hundred villagers had demanded the release from custody of their local leader. You Tho had been charged with inciting them to protest and to commit arson after a previous demonstration outside the company’s offices. You Tho, a soft-spoken man in his sixties, seemed an unlikely hothead. He was wearing a T-shirt with a picture of the Indian pacifist Mahatma Gandhi on it. He told me that some three hundred families in eleven villages in the Omlaing commune were threatened with losing at least some of their land to Ly Yong Phat’s sugar plantation, as it expanded down the valley. Their situations varied. In one village, people had been told their houses would be bulldozed.

Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism
by David Harvey
Published 3 Apr 2014

Humanism is, however, the spirit that inspires countless individuals to give of themselves unstintingly and often without material reward to contribute selflessly to the well-being of others. Christian, Jewish, Islamic and Buddhist humanisms have spawned widespread religious and charitable organisations, as well as iconic figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa and Bishop Tutu. Within the secular tradition there are many varieties of humanist thought and practice, including explicit currents of cosmopolitan, liberal, socialist and Marxist humanism. And, of course, moral and political philosophers have over the centuries devised a variety of conflicting ethical systems of thought based in a variety of ideals of justice, cosmopolitan reason and emancipatory liberty that have from time to time supplied revolutionary slogans.

The Diet Myth: The Real Science Behind What We Eat
by Tim Spector
Published 13 May 2015

Before you sign up for her health plan you should know that she also believes that losing your periods from dieting for nine months is good for you, and that fruit not chemotherapy is the treatment for cancer.4 Other fruitarian advocates were the late Steve Jobs, whose company was clearly influenced by his diet, Mahatma Gandhi and reputedly Leonardo da Vinci, though mangoes and bananas may have been hard to get in Renaissance Florence. There are even several ultra-marathon runners who eat only fruit and claim it gives them special powers. But for many, this lifestyle is a modern form of eating disorder. Juicing and detox miracles ‘I look like I swallowed a sheep.’

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist
by Kate Raworth
Published 22 Mar 2017

Goerner, S. et al. (2009) ‘Quantifying economic sustainability: implications for free-enterprise theory, policy and practice’, Ecological Economics 69, p. 79. 30. The Asia Floor Wage, available at http://asia.floorwage.org/ 31. Pizzigati, S. (2004) Greed and Good. New York: Apex Press, pp. 479–502. 32. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. http://www.nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx 33. Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) http://www.basicincome.org/ 34. Alperovitz, G. (2015) What Then Must We Do? White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, p. 26. 35. Landesa, http://www.landesa.org/resources/suchitra-deys-story/ 36.

The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge
by Matt Ridley

In West’s vivid phrase, the government merely ‘jumped into the saddle of a horse that was already galloping’. Much the same was true of India, where a survey in the 1820s found a widespread privately-funded school system reaching more boys than was the case in some European countries, long before the British introduced a public education system in the subcontinent. Mahatma Gandhi complained later that the British had ‘uprooted a beautiful tree’ and left India more illiterate than it had been, in displacing the indigenous private school network with a disastrously unsuccessful public one, centralised, unaccountable and open to caste exclusion. The British furiously disputed this, of course, but the evidence suggests they were wrong to do so.

Prosperity Without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow
by Tim Jackson
Published 8 Dec 2016

Some people (up to a quarter of the sample in a recent study) report that they have accepted a lower income precisely so that they could achieve such goals.17 Beyond this quiet revolution of intrinsic values lies a series of more radical initiatives aimed at living a simpler, more ethical and more sustainable life. ‘Voluntary simplicity’ is at one level an entire philosophy for life. It draws extensively on the teachings of the Indian cultural leader Mahatma Gandhi, who encouraged people to ‘live simply, that others might simply live’. In 1936, a student of Gandhi’s defined voluntary simplicity in terms of an ‘avoidance of exterior clutter’ and the ‘deliberate organisation of life for a purpose’. Former Stanford scientist Duane Elgin picked up this theme of a way of life that is ‘outwardly simple, yet inwardly rich’ as the basis for revisioning human progress.18 Psychologist Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi has offered a scientific basis for the hypothesis that our lives can be more satisfying when engaged in activities which are both purposive and materially light.

A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age
by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman
Published 17 Jul 2017

As a part of the profile, Shannon spoke at length with writer Brock Brewer about the connection between automata and their creators. (And as it was a feature for Vogue, and not, say, Scientific American, Shannon was expected to endure a photo shoot, with the renowned Henri Cartier-Bresson behind the lens. It put Shannon in illustrious company: Cartier-Bresson’s other shoots included Mahatma Gandhi’s funeral, Queen Elizabeth’s coronation, and the first several months of Mao Zedong’s ascendance.) The piece opened with what, at the time, must have seemed the musings of a madman: “Dr. Claude E. Shannon . . . who creates, plays with, stays a think ahead of thinking machines, looks forward to man and machine talking back and forth.

21 Lessons for the 21st Century
by Yuval Noah Harari
Published 29 Aug 2018

A Christian may be a capitalist as easily as a socialist, and even though a few things Jesus said smack of downright communism, during the Cold War good American capitalists went on reading the Sermon on the Mount without taking much notice. There is just no such thing as ‘Christian economics’, ‘Muslim economics’ or ‘Hindu economics’. Not that there aren’t any economic ideas in the Bible, the Quran or the Vedas – it is just that these ideas are not up to date. Mahatma Gandhi’s reading of the Vedas caused him to envision independent India as a collection of self-sufficient agrarian communities, each spinning its own khadi cloths, exporting little and importing even less. The most famous photograph of him shows him spinning cotton with his own hands, and he made the humble spinning wheel the symbol of the Indian nationalist movement.1 Yet this Arcadian vision was simply incompatible with the realities of modern economics, and hence not much has remained of it save for Gandhi’s radiant image on billions of rupee notes.

Cities Are Good for You: The Genius of the Metropolis
by Leo Hollis
Published 31 Mar 2013

Rather, it is estimated that the urban population in Africa and Asia will double by 2030; for example, the population of Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, currently stands at about 8.75 million; by 2025 this will have risen to 15.04 million. China will continue to urbanise, and in the next twenty years over 350 million will settle in new cities, more than the entire population of the US. India, a nation that its liberating founder Mahatma Gandhi claimed had its soul in the village, will, by 2030, be a country of sixty-eight cities of over 1 million, thirteen cities with over 4 million and six mega-cities with a population each of over 10 million, with the capital at New Delhi reaching 46 million, twice as large as the total population of Australia.

Milk!
by Mark Kurlansky

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a Gujarat lawyer and one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress that was fighting for Indian independence and later created the modern Indian state, saw the political potential of this fight. He organized a boycott, and the farmers refused to supply Polson with milk. Then he arranged for a cooperative to collect the farmers’ milk and ship it by rail to Bombay. In taking these actions, he was following the lead of Mahatma Gandhi, who had organized a 241-mile march across India in 1930 to protest the British salt monopoly. The management both of salt and of milk went to the heart of the problem in pre-Independence India: the British were running the Indian economy so that the British profited while the Indians were plagued by famines.

Them and Us: How Immigrants and Locals Can Thrive Together
by Philippe Legrain
Published 14 Oct 2020

Eight lanes of traffic filled with vehicles ranging from large to huge are lined by strip malls fronted by ample parking lots. Signs advertising local businesses jostle for the attention of passing drivers; nobody walks. But look more closely at those advertising hoardings. ‘Patel Brothers, Indian and Pakistani Grocers’ stands above ‘Bombay Sweets, Vegetarian Restaurant’ and ‘Maharaja Jewelers’. This is the Mahatma Gandhi district of Houston, Texas, also known as Little India. Hillcroft is much more than just an Indian enclave, though. Next to Masala Munchies lies the Consultorio Medico Hispano, a Latino clinic. A few doors down, squeezed between yet more Indian eateries, sits Crystal Nite Club, which attracts mainly a gay Latino crowd.

Legacy of Empire
by Gardner Thompson

The League’s vacillating in the months before the Italian invasion produced widespread dismay and, from a member of the British public, a trenchant comment of some relevance to what was about to take place in Palestine. ‘Let us at least have the courage of our cynicism,’ wrote Mr F.L. Lucas in a letter to The Daily Telegraph. ‘Let us be done with Covenants.’94 A little later, the unfolding situation in Palestine provoked Mahatma Gandhi into criticising what Zionists and the British were doing. ‘My sympathies are all with the Jews,’ he wrote. ‘But my sympathy does not blind me to the requirements of justice… Palestine belongs to the Arabs… What is going on in Palestine today cannot be justified by any moral code of conduct. The mandates have no sanction but that of the last war.

Everyday Utopia: What 2,000 Years of Wild Experiments Can Teach Us About the Good Life
by Kristen R. Ghodsee
Published 16 May 2023

After their runaway success in the 1980s, Apple fell into a rut and brought back its cofounder Steve Jobs to reinvigorate its product line. The return of Jobs coincided with the 1997 to 2002 Apple advertising slogan “Think Different,” which epitomized the spirit of blue sky thinking. The now iconic television advertisement included Steve Jobs’s own narration over a series of black-and-white images of people like Mahatma Gandhi, Martha Graham, Martin Luther King Jr., Frank Lloyd Wright, Alfred Hitchcock, Maria Callas, and John Lennon with Yoko Ono. “Here’s to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels, the troublemakers. The round pegs in the square holes. The ones who see things differently,” Jobs tells us, celebrating the idea that those who “have no respect for the status quo” inevitably become the ones who “push the human race forward.”

American Foundations: An Investigative History
by Mark Dowie
Published 3 Oct 2009

They are "reshaping politics and economics at both the domestic and global levels," according to Lester Salamon, director of the Center for Civil Society Studies at Johns Hopkins University. "I believe it is as important a development to the latter part of the twentieth century as the rise of the nation state was at the end of the nineteenth century."" Citizen initiatives are generally conceived by visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi, Florence Nightingale, Muhammad Yunus, and Ralph Nader, whose ideas are then expressed in organizations seeded by philanthropists, singular or organized. Once established, the organizations they fashion tend to become self-sufficient, supported by the very citizens they are created to serve. The process is one of experimentation, leading first to activism and then to the engineering of nonviolent social change.

Salt: A World History
by Mark Kurlansky
Published 28 Jan 2003

The Ancient Celts. London: Penguin, 1997. Díaz del Castillo, Bernal. Verdadera historia de la conquista de la Nueva España. Mexico City: Ediciones Mexicanas, 1950. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. China: Cambridge Illustrated History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Fischer, Louis. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Harper and Row, 1983. Herm, Gerhard. The Celts: The People Who Came out of the Darkness. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1993. Herodotus. The Persian Wars. Bks. 1 and 2.. Trans. A. D. Godley. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Ibn Battuta. The Travels of Ibn Battuta. Vol 4. Trans.

The Firm
by Duff McDonald
Published 1 Jun 2014

“He is extremely devoted to helping India’s development and progress, things he doesn’t have to spend his time and energy on.” In 2012 support for Gupta went the modern route, with the launching of a website, www.friendsofrajat.com, complete with inspirational quotations on injustice, suffering, and endurance from Bishop Desmond Tutu, Mahatma Gandhi, and Elie Wiesel. An open letter on the site was signed by Indian luminaries including Mukesh Ambani, Sabeer Bhatia (co-founder of Hotmail), and Deepak Chopra, among others, as well as retired McKinsey directors Anjan Chatterjee, Atul Kanagat, Michael Obermeyer, and Ali Hanna.20 Not everyone was so sanguine.

A People's History of Poverty in America
by Stephen Pimpare
Published 11 Nov 2008

And when you get through kickin’ ass and celebratin’ the sheer joy of a good fight, be sure to tell those who come after how much fun it was.75 There’s work to be done, for bread, to be sure, but also for roses; and as Ivins urges, it should be fought for in celebration. And with raucous, righteous, rebellious indignation. EPILOGUE Poor Math Poverty is but the worst form of violence. —Mahatma Gandhi It’s heavy, this life, you know? —Marcello Perez, 1963 As we’ve now seen, the reality of poverty in the United States comports little to the myth. Even today, it is not a problem confined to a small minority; it will be experienced at some point by a majority of Americans, and there are greater opportunities for escaping poverty in other nations.

When Computers Can Think: The Artificial Intelligence Singularity
by Anthony Berglas , William Black , Samantha Thalind , Max Scratchmann and Michelle Estes
Published 28 Feb 2015

If its initial incarnation wanted to be friendly, and each friendly incarnation wanted to produce the next incarnation that is also friendly, then all incarnations would be friendly. As an analogous idea, suppose there was a pill that made people more intelligent but also made them want to kill other people. If the pill was offered to Mahatma Gandhi, would he accept it? Probably not. We only want to make ourselves better in ways that are aligned with our current opinion as to what would be good. It is not easy to specify what goals we would like an AGI to pursue. For example, if we want it to prevent human suffering then it might just kill us all.

It's Our Turn to Eat
by Michela Wrong
Published 9 Apr 2009

Discussing why someone of John's lofty caste might choose a ‘deviant’ path, Dr Tom Wolf, a US analyst living in Kenya, cites the examples of Lenin and Fidel Castro, ‘both from well-established, upper-middle-class families … who nevertheless re-engineered themselves into the most ferocious of revolutionaries’. Mahatma Gandhi came from a long line of statesmen, Che Guevara was of aristocratic descent, John and Robert Kennedy were born into a family of immense wealth, much of it shadily acquired. Growing up close to power, Wolf argues, probably ensured that John was ‘less in awe of those wielding it’ than a Kenyan contemporary from a more humble background, anxious to assimilate.

Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change From the Cult of Technology
by Kentaro Toyama
Published 25 May 2015

Recently popular virtues such as grit and resilience are similar recombinations of heart, mind, and will. Cross-cultural analyses show that these and other virtues are valued throughout the world, even if their relative emphasis varies.20 When you ask people who they believe to be civilization’s wisest people, they nominate people like Socrates, Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa, Benjamin Franklin, Nelson Mandela, Daw Aung Sang Suu Kyi, and so on.21 Notably, the lists typically exclude the likes of Mozart and Steve Jobs, even if the latter might have been wise in limited domains. Intelligence, talent, and brilliance aren’t the same as heart, mind, and will, although some IQ might be needed for good discernment.

Thirteen Days in September: Carter, Begin, and Sadat at Camp David
by Lawrence Wright
Published 15 Sep 2014

He recalls “the odious sight of the typical British constable on his motorcycle, tearing through the city streets day and night like a madman—with a tomato-colored complexion, bulging eyes, and an open mouth—looking like an idiot, with his huge head covered in a long crimson fez reaching down to his ears. Everybody feared him. I simply hated the sight of him.” In 1931, when Anwar was twelve, Mahatma Gandhi passed through the Suez Canal on his way to London to negotiate the fate of India. The ship stopped in Port Said, whereupon Egyptian journalists besieged the ascetic leader. The correspondent for Al-Ahram marveled that Gandhi was wearing “nothing but a scrap of cloth worth five piasters, wire rim glasses worth three piasters and the simplest thong sandals worth a mere two piasters.

Finance and the Good Society
by Robert J. Shiller
Published 1 Jan 2012

Even the caste system itself has never been accepted by the Buddhist, Christian, and Muslim religions, though caste-like behavior nonetheless continues among many of their adherents. It has survived in the Hindu religion, at least in some of its schools of thought, which have incorporated the notion of caste into their fundamental concepts, so caste loyalty is still very much alive. But even there the system—which was deplored by Mahatma Gandhi and other spiritual leaders—is now declining. The same distaste for castes or their analogues was promoted by Vladimir Lenin in Russia, Kemal Atatürk in Turkey, Yukichi Fukuzawa in Japan, Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong in China, Eva Perón in Argentina, and Nelson Mandela in South Africa. These thought leaders couldn’t be more di erent from each other, but together they provide evidence of a worldwide trend that nds castes or their analogues repugnant.

This Machine Kills Secrets: Julian Assange, the Cypherpunks, and Their Fight to Empower Whistleblowers
by Andy Greenberg
Published 12 Sep 2012

He says that the full influence of the report still isn’t clear. “It’s a slow process. With the Pentagon Papers, nothing happened at first. But eventually there was Watergate,” he says. “First they ignore it, then they fight it, then they finally accept it as evidence.” I offer the adage attributed to Mahatma Gandhi: “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.” “No,” Tchobanov responds without looking at me. “Sometimes you lose.” On my last day in Varvara, Tchobanov, Yordanov, and a group of friends invite me to go sailing in the Black Sea on a small boat with Moby Dick written on its side in Cyrillic.

The Abandonment of the West
by Michael Kimmage
Published 21 Apr 2020

Humility and tragedy had much to teach the ascendant superpower, and Niebuhr had a serious interest in the pathways of American foreign policy. Niebuhr’s appeals to humility and tragedy left their mark on King the student. Martin Luther King took inspiration as well from the nonviolent civil disobedience of Mahatma Gandhi, finding implicit parallels between colonization abroad and the perpetuation of racism and segregation at home. These were precisely the parallels Malcolm X had derived from studying African American history in prison. The African American struggle for equal rights was a kind of internal decolonization, in King’s eyes.

Samsung Rising: The Inside Story of the South Korean Giant That Set Out to Beat Apple and Conquer Tech
by Geoffrey Cain
Published 15 Mar 2020

Jobs, 1955–2011: Redefined the Digital Age as the Visionary of Apple.” In some alternate universe, the loss of Apple’s guiding hand could be seen as good news for Samsung. But not here on earth, in our current universe. Techies and passionate Apple users exalted Jobs to the saintly pantheon of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela. “Outside the flagship Apple store on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, people had left two bouquets of roses and some candles late Wednesday,” the Times reported. “By 11 P.M., the crowds gathering outside the store were thickening.” “Here’s to the crazy ones, the misfits, the rebels, the troublemakers, the round pegs in the square holes, the ones who see things differently,” a recording of Steve Jobs called out at his memorial.

The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure
by Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan Haidt
Published 14 Jun 2018

Treating it as such is an interpretive choice, and it is a choice that increases pain and suffering while preventing other, more effective responses, including the Stoic response (cultivating nonreactivity) and the antifragile response suggested by Van Jones: “Put on some boots, and learn how to deal with adversity.” In the quotation that opened this chapter, Nelson Mandela warned us against the danger of demonizing opponents and using violence against them. Like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other advocates of nonviolent resistance, Mandela noted that violent and dehumanizing tactics are self-defeating, closing off the possibility of peaceful resolution. But what if the goal of a movement isn’t entirely peaceful resolution but, rather—at least in part—group cohesion?

The Regency Revolution: Jane Austen, Napoleon, Lord Byron and the Making of the Modern World
by Robert Morrison
Published 3 Jul 2019

Designed to pressure the Regent and his government into accepting the justness of the reform cause and the determination of the British working classes to see their demands met, these demonstrations not only established civil disobedience as a new political tactic but also paved the way for the use of similar strategies by twentieth-century leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.72 After a spring in which tens of thousands of people gathered in industrial centers across the country, a meeting at St. Peter’s Fields in Manchester on Monday, 16 August drew an unprecedentedly large crowd of 60,000 women, men, and children, who assembled peaceably and without arms to hear Orator Hunt and other pro-reform advocates.

When Einstein Walked With Gödel: Excursions to the Edge of Thought
by Jim Holt
Published 14 May 2018

The Loving Saint, blind to so much of what life offers, has a soul that is strangely barren. The Rational Saint, who must continually suppress or deny his strongest desires, has a soul that is soured by frustration. It’s a point that has regularly been made about the humanitarians who loom largest in the public imagination: Florence Nightingale, Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer, Mother Teresa. In Lytton Strachey’s Eminent Victorians, Florence Nightingale was depicted as ludicrously inhuman. George Orwell scented a whiff of vanity emanating from Gandhi and concluded that “sainthood is a thing that human beings must avoid.” Albert Schweitzer has been condemned as a God-playing autocrat and racist.

Democracy's Data: The Hidden Stories in the U.S. Census and How to Read Them
by Dan Bouk
Published 22 Aug 2022

In the opening passage of his February letter, his anger and enthusiasm manifested as multiple thick underscores, as he wrote to Tobey: “We farmers heard your talk over the radio about Census Snooping, and we wish to say that the farmers of this country are in no frame of mind to take any ‘monkey business’ of any kind from Washington, Wall Street, or the Chicago Board of Trade and we mean Republicans, and Democrats alike.”29 On April 1, the day before the army of enumerators set out to either reveal America’s truths to itself or invade its people’s privacy, depending on whom you asked, Tobey got another prime-time spot: a full half-hour on NBC’s radio network, beginning at 8:00 p.m. EST.30 In the performance he encouraged Americans to join together in an act of civil disobedience, refusing en masse to answer the income questions. He promised to support them if they did. For taking that stance, Tobey won himself an unlikely honorific: the “Mahatma Gandhi of the census.”31 Herbert Mace could well have seen “Mahatma” Tobey talked about in his hometown paper. In Washington, D.C., Tobey terrified the officials responsible for counting people. They worried about the prospect that he might turn the country against them. The Census Bureau’s chief statistician confided the staff’s fears to a young scholar who happened to be the future Nobel Prize–winning economist and conservative icon Milton Friedman, writing, “We are under extremely heavy fire because of the income question.”

Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters
by Steven Pinker
Published 14 Oct 2021

In an update of a classic study showing that football fans always see more infractions by the opposing team, Kahan and collaborators showed a video of a protest in front of a building.29 When the title labeled it a protest against abortion at a health clinic, conservatives saw a peaceful demonstration, while liberals saw the protesters block the entrance and intimidate the enterers. When it was labeled a protest against the exclusion of gay people at a military recruiting center, it was the conservatives who saw pitchforks and torches and the liberals who saw Mahatma Gandhi. One magazine reported the gun-control study under the headline The Most Depressing Discovery about the Brain, Ever. Certainly there are reasons to be depressed. One is that opinions that go against the scientific consensus, like creationism and the denial of human-made climate change, may not be symptoms of innumeracy or scientific illiteracy.

The Powerful and the Damned: Private Diaries in Turbulent Times
by Lionel Barber
Published 5 Nov 2020

This is the world’s new permanent five, rather than the UN Security Council which includes the UK and France, he suggests (‘That era has gone’). At the recent G-20 meeting, Modi tells me proudly, two separate meetings were held between India, Russia and China, and India, Japan and the US. ‘India was the common factor in both meetings.’ Mahatma Gandhi once said that ‘India lives in its villages.’ Modi has shifted that narrative to an ‘aspirational nationalism’. He has lit expectations among hundreds of millions, particularly the younger generation; but the transition to a market-based digital economy will inevitably produce winners and losers.

Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory, and the Conquest of Everest
by Wade Davis
Published 27 Sep 2011

As founder of the World Congress of Faiths, he would devote all his energy to shattering barriers between the great religious traditions of the world. His heart and mind would remain remarkably open. At a time when the English in India spoke openly of their disdain for the “wogs,” and visionary men such as Mahatma Gandhi provoked only scorn, Younghusband was asked by a group of officers seated around a campfire to name the historical figure he most admired. Younghusband selected Ramakrishna, a Hindu religious leader much derided and mocked by the British as a wild fakir. After Lhasa, his eyes were focused on another realm, another reality.

…

They are fine, well set-up self-reliant men. They despise the plainsmen, and I must confess I believe they have every right to.” Not an impressive or charitable judgment for one so new to India, but indicative of conventional British opinion, which was precisely why the Raj was falling apart. Mahatma Gandhi had indeed been arrested during the fortnight the Everest expedition had been at sea, accused of fomenting sedition and disaffection in the Indian Army, a charge to which he enthusiastically pleaded guilty. On trial he defended himself, reviewing his history with discrimination in South Africa, his service in the Boer War, the false promises from the Crown that the millions of Indians who had served in Gallipoli and on the Western Front would be rewarded for their loyalty, a dream betrayed by the Rowlatt Acts and crushed in blood at Amritsar.

Crucible: The Long End of the Great War and the Birth of a New World, 1917-1924
by Charles Emmerson
Published 14 Oct 2019

‘few weeks later’: to Ferenczi, 24 January 1919, FR/FER II, 328–329. • DOUAI: the artist was Henri Duhem, ‘L’exhumation de l’Eve de Rodin’, L’Illustration, 28 December 1918. • MOSCOW: to Lenin, 20 December 1918, LRL, 486. Winter 1919 The Gandhi quotation is taken from a pamphlet published in May 1919, reproduced in Mahatma Gandhi, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. 15, 1958, 268. The quotation from Trotsky is originally from the onboard newsletter of Trotsky’s train, entitled En Route, in its ninety-third edition of September 1919, reproduced in TMW II, 412–414. A ROAD OUTSIDE MOSCOW: ‘running around on all fours’: Arthur Ransome, Russia in 1919, 1919, 58.

The Laurel's Kitchen Bread Book: A Guide to Whole-Grain Breadmaking
by Laurel Robertson , Carol Flinders and Bronwen Godfrey
Published 2 Jan 1984

Rather, it seems to have compelled them to stay in closer touch than they would have otherwise, and they both find the outdoor work, the contact with the animal herself, to be a perfect restorative. Not for everyone, a cow, but it does illustrate the principle and makes a twice-weekly baking seem small potatoes by comparison! AS LONG AS we’ve known each other, Laurel, Bron, and I have shared with others at Nilgiri Press a strong interest in the life and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. (The first book we published, in fact—which Laurel helped design—was Gandhi the Man, by Eknath Easwaran.) That interest was rekindled last year by Richard Attenborough’s film masterpiece “Gandhi.” More and more of late, along with a great many other people, we have been looking to the man and his writings, seeming to find there solutions to the mounting problems of our day—solutions, or at least inspiration to go on looking for them.

Blood, Iron, and Gold: How the Railways Transformed the World
by Christian Wolmar
Published 1 Mar 2010

Worst of all, though, was the attitude of the railway officers, belonging to ‘a low class of Europeans’, who treated even those more affluent Indians able to afford second class with rudeness and contempt. What is cruelly striking about the situation on the Indian railways is that despite this litany of complaints, the authorities did nothing to change the situation until the dying days of the Raj. The same complaints expressed in the 1860s were made seventy years later by Mahatma Gandhi and the treatment of the native population by the railway authorities contributed to the hostility towards the colonial power which his popularity embodied. The author of a history of Indian railways suggests it was not so much the lack of facilities that angered the Indians, but rather ‘the ill-treatment [that] smacked of racism and… was deeply resented by Indians’. 5 Nowhere in the world was the contrast so great between first and third-class as in India – though Russia, with the authorities’ long-entrenched disdain of the masses, came close.

Culture and Prosperity: The Truth About Markets - Why Some Nations Are Rich but Most Remain Poor
by John Kay
Published 24 May 2004

Poor States Stay Poor The Tryst with Destiny ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• "Long years ago, we made a tryst with destiny." On August 14, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru accepted Indian independence from Louis Mountbatten, the country's last viceroy. 1 The birth of modern India was accompanied by high hopes and immense goodwill. These hopes and goodwill were largely the creation of Mahatma Gandhi, the remarkable leader of Indian nationalism. Gandhi had believed that only the integrity of his movement would ensure the success of its campaign and a basis for subsequent good government. As a result Nehru and his colleagues and officials were men of exceptional caliber. The architect of economic planning in India was P.

Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience
by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Published 1 Jul 2008

THE WIDER COMMUNITY A person is part of a family or a friendship to the extent he invests psychic energy in goals shared with other people. In the same way, one can belong to larger interpersonal systems by subscribing to the aspirations of a community, an ethnic group, a political party, or a nation. Some individuals, like the Mahatma Gandhi or Mother Teresa, invest all their psychic energy in what they construe to be the goals of humanity as a whole. In the ancient Greek usage, “politics” referred to whatever involved people in affairs that went beyond personal and family welfare. In this broad sense, politics can be one of the most enjoyable and most complex activities available to the individual, for the larger the social arena one moves in, the greater the challenges it presents.

Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa
by Jason Stearns
Published 29 Mar 2011

Etienne Tshisekedi, the country’s former prime minister, insisted so doggedly that the government had to respect the constitutional order before he stepped back into politics and stood for election that he briefly moralized himself out of politics. Wamba dia Wamba, a former rebel leader who features in this book, was so idealistic about what a rebellion should be that he marginalized himself to irrelevance. It would have been an interesting experiment to drop a young, relatively unknown Mahatma Gandhi into the Congo and observe whether he, insisting on nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, would have been able to change anything, either. The Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara spent almost a year in the Congo in 1965 fighting with rebels in the east before he abandoned the struggle. Malnourished and depressed, he concluded they “weren’t ready for the revolution.”

Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World
by Niall Ferguson
Published 1 Jan 2002

At the time of writing, one BBC website (apparently aimed at school-children) offered the following equally incisive overview of imperial history: The Empire came to greatness by killing lots of people less sharply armed than themselves and stealing their countries, although their methods later changed: killing lots of people with machine guns came to prominence as the army’s tactic of choice … [It] … fell to pieces because of various people like Mahatma Gandhi, heroic revolutionary protester, sensitive to the needs of his people. The questions recently posed by an eminent historian on BBC television may be said to encapsulate the current conventional wisdom. ‘How’, he asked, ‘did a people who thought themselves free end up subjugating so much of the world … How did an empire of the free become an empire of slaves?’

Seeds of Hope: Wisdom and Wonder From the World of Plants
by Jane Goodall
Published 1 Apr 2013

See also “Amazon Cattle Footprint,” Greenpeace, accessed August 21, 2013, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2009/1/amazon-cattle-footprint-mato.pdf. 60. “fewer seedlings growing in forests” Edu O. Effiom et al., “Bushmeat Hunting Changes Regeneration of African Rainforests,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280 (May 2013): 20130246. 61. “one of the leaders of the movement” Ramachandra Guha, “Mahatma Gandhi and the Environmental Movement in India,” in Environmental Movements in Asia, ed. Arne Kalland and Gerard Persoon (Surrey, UK: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1998), 65, 66. 62. “Bachni Devi, heeded his advice” Vandana Shiva, Staying Alive: Women, Ecology and Development (London: Zed Books, 1988), 75–76. 63.

The Way of the Gun: A Bloody Journey Into the World of Firearms
by Iain Overton
Published 15 Apr 2015

So President Abraham Lincoln was shot in the back of the head at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC by actor John Wilkes Booth, wielding a Philadelphia Derringer with a black walnut stock inlaid with silver.38 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was gunned down in the streets of Sarajevo in 1914, wearing such a tight uniform that some speculate it even helped speed his death.39 And a host of others have fallen to the assassin’s bullet, Tsar Nicholas II, Mahatma Gandhi, Yitzhak Rabin, President Kennedy, Dr Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X among them, victims of the powerful political symbolism the assassin’s bullet delivers; potent propaganda in a bloody deed. Like the best propaganda, the world of the assassin does not easily show its true face. But glimpses of it fascinate and endlessly inform the subject of films and dramas, which, in a way, seems ironic when you read that the father of Woody Harrelson, the star of Natural Born Killers, was actually a contract killer.

How to Invent Everything: A Survival Guide for the Stranded Time Traveler
by Ryan North
Published 17 Sep 2018

Anyway, enjoy the fun and practical technologies of leather and rawhide and try to forget the part where you splashed around in watered-down poop. 10.8.4: SPINNING WHEELS The spinning wheel is in itself an exquisite piece of machinery. My head daily bows in reverence to its unknown inventor. —You (also, Mahatma Gandhi) WHAT THEY ARE A machine that uses physics to transform natural fibers (wool, cotton, hemp, flax, silk) into thread at 10 to 100 times the efficiency of doing it by hand BEFORE THEY WERE INVENTED Drop spindles were used (a stick with a weight on the bottom and a hook at the top): you’d attach the hook to the wool and spin your stick in the air as you gently pull wool out, letting it drop as it formed a thread, but this took forever.

Science in the Soul: Selected Writings of a Passionate Rationalist
by Richard Dawkins
Published 15 Mar 2017

I am no memetic engineer, and I have very little idea how to increase the numbers of the supernice and spread their memes through the meme pool. The best I can offer is what I hope may be a catchy slogan: ‘Atheists for Jesus’ would grace a T-shirt. There is no strong reason to choose Jesus as icon instead of some other role model from the ranks of the supernice such as Mahatma Gandhi (not the odiously self-righteous and hypocritical Mother Teresa, heavens no*5). I think we owe Jesus the honour of separating his genuinely original and radical ethics from the supernatural nonsense that he inevitably espoused as a man of his time. And perhaps the oxymoronic impact of ‘Atheists for Jesus’ might be just what is needed to kick-start the meme of superniceness in a post-Christian society.

Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest
by Zeynep Tufekci
Published 14 May 2017

Successful use of the tactic requires a delicate balance among challenging authority, bearing the costs of challenging authority, and making a case for the legitimacy of the protest. Although disruption sounds as though it is generally a flash in the pan, disruptive acts sometimes continue for years, if not decades. In the early twentieth century, the leader of the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, led the country in a multiyear strategy of noncooperation with the British Empire. During the Montgomery bus boycott, thousands of people had to find a way to get to work for a whole year without using the bus. Many forms of disruption are carried out to gather attention taking a stance, and to make a symbolic statement.

The Hype Machine: How Social Media Disrupts Our Elections, Our Economy, and Our Health--And How We Must Adapt
by Sinan Aral
Published 14 Sep 2020

The rapid mobilization that the Hype Machine enables is typically accompanied by leaderless, ad hoc decision making and a shallow organization that develops without much early planning. Successful social movements—the civil rights movement of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Indian independence movement of Mahatma Gandhi—developed over many years. They were well planned, meticulously organized, and had clear, tangible policy demands. The speed and scale of modern networked organizing rapidly amps up protest movements before they have a chance to develop an organization or establish genuine leadership, a decision-making structure, or an effective tactical strategy.

Land: How the Hunger for Ownership Shaped the Modern World
by Simon Winchester
Published 19 Jan 2021

This is an idea bruited very much longer ago, and born not in America but in India; it concerns itself much less with landholdings than with housing, with cities rather than countryside, and with mitigating poverty rather than with mandating serenity and pleasure. Vinoba Bhave, who was a friend and disciple of the Mahatma Gandhi, first established the idea of such a voluntary land reform movement in the early 1950s. Like his mentor, he was an ascetic and given to spectacular, nonviolent demonstrations of his political beliefs. For example, in order to publicize what he saw as the need to break up existing feudal systems in India—the situation whereby titled princes, nizams, maharajahs, as well as zamindars, walis, and nawabs owned huge swathes of countryside, and yet millions were left wholly landless—he did a classically Gandhian thing: he picked up a stick and a mendicant’s begging bowl and set out to walk thousands of miles, barefoot or in chappals, across the entirety of his country.

The Controlled Demolition of the American Empire
by Jeff Berwick and Charlie Robinson
Published 14 Apr 2020

The pressure produces the reaction, and constant pressure sustains action. 11. “If you push a negative hard enough, it will push through and become a positive.” - This is based on the principle that every positive has its negative. We have already seen the conversion of the negative into the positive, in Mahatma Gandhi’s development of the tactic of passive resistance. 12. “The price of a successful attack is a constructive alternative.” - You cannot risk being trapped by the enemy in his sudden agreement with your demand and saying “You’re right—we don’t know what to do about this issue. Now you tell us.” 13.

Imagine a City: A Pilot's Journey Across the Urban World
by Mark Vanhoenacker
Published 14 Aug 2022

The first Indian controller of our journey answers to her city’s name, as she does again and again, night after night. Like the notes on our charts, the language we both must use is succinct and internationally standardized, and her reply does not include the characterization of Delhi by Sarojini Naidu (the poet and activist whom Mahatma Gandhi dubbed Bharat Kokila, the Nightingale of India) as the “Imperial City! dowered with sovereign grace….Before whose shrine the spells of Death are vain.” Nor does the controller welcome us to the skies near the city that Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first prime minister, described as “a gem with many facets, some bright and some darkened by age…the grave of many empires and the nursery of a republic.

England: Seven Myths That Changed a Country – and How to Set Them Straight
by Tom Baldwin and Marc Stears
Published 24 Apr 2024

There is a tribute to blind trade unionists and a commentary by the scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee who has called for ‘Magna Carta of the internet’. It has nods to the eighteenth-century African American poet Phillis Wheatley, and to Mary Prince, a Black woman who presented an anti-slavery petition to Parliament in 1828. There is an image of the portable spinning wheel for cotton designed by Mahatma Gandhi in resistance to the laws of the British Empire, as well as the loudhailer used by the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California, Harvey Milk. Another chair shows the house in Yangon where Aung San Suu Kyi was held under house arrest in Myanmar and a xiezhi, a legendary figure in Chinese mythology symbolising justice.

Narcotopia
by Patrick Winn
Published 30 Jan 2024

“What else was there to say to him?” Saw Lu said. “Other than, by God, it seems I was not the leader I thought I was. I told him, ‘Lai, you’ve done it. You are our true leader. Tell me how I can serve you.’” What Lai needed was good counsel from a man who never bit his tongue. Like other revolutionaries before him, from Mahatma Gandhi to Mao Zedong to George Washington, Lai was discovering that governance is rife with ugly compromise—and he’d already made one concession that troubled his soul. He told Saw Lu about the half-Chinese businessman named Wei Xuegang, fast assembling a heroin-trafficking enterprise for the UWSA. This was Wa State’s economic engine—paying for food, oil, bullets, vehicles, everything—and Lai feared his citizens would eventually see themselves as mere personnel for a narco-corporation.

Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100
by Michio Kaku
Published 15 Mar 2011

And your kid will be among the first citizens of this new civilization. And then you take out an old, worn book from your back pocket, and read to her the words of someone who died more than 100 years ago. It reminds you of the challenges facing humanity before it attains a planetary civilization. Mahatma Gandhi once wrote: The Roots of Violence: Wealth without work, Pleasure without conscience, Knowledge without character, Commerce without morality, Science without humanity, Worship without sacrifice, Politics without principles. (The authors’ names refer to the books listed in Recommended Reading.)

Spin
by Robert Charles Wilson
Published 2 Jan 2005

"Interesting analysis," I said, "but—" "Would I be here talking to you if I thought this was an interesting analysis! Ask the appropriate questions, if you want to argue with me." "Such as?" "Such as, who exactly is Wun Ngo Wen? Who does he represent, and what does he really want? Because despite what they say on television he's not Mahatma Gandhi in a Munchkin package. He's here because he wants something from us. He's wanted it from day one." "The replicator launch." "Obviously." "Is that a crime?" "A better question would be, why don't the Martians do this launch themselves?" "Because they can't presume to speak on behalf of the entire solar system.

The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid
by C. K. Prahalad
Published 15 Jan 2005

Consumers are comfortable with Tata’s household name and the quality of the salt, but the company has not exerted a strong salt branding campaign, relying instead on the strength of its name. Dandi Salt In 2001, Kunvar Ajay Foods Private Ltd. introduced Dandi salt as highquality, triple-refined, and reasonably priced.22 Leveraging the historical importance of Mahatma Gandhi’s 1931 Salt March to Dandi Beach, Dandi salt was purposely named as such to evoke patriotic and emotional attachment to the brand. Dandi’s aggressive advertising resulted in high first purchases; however, consumer complaints about its poor taste and appearance adversely affected repeat purchases.

The Old Patagonian Express
by Paul Theroux
Published 23 Sep 1979

As soon as I saw it was cooked and had cheese on it I knew that I was going to feel awful. But she spent all day making it, so what else could I do? The funny thing is that I liked the taste of it. God, was I sick afterwards! And my nose started to run.' I told her that, in his autobiography, Mahatma Gandhi stated that eating meat made people lustful. And yet at thirteen, an age at which most American children were frolicking with the Little League team or concentrating their minds on making spit-balls, Gandhi had got married - and he was a vegetarian. 'But it wasn't a real marriage,' said Wendy.

Superclass: The Global Power Elite and the World They Are Making
by David Rothkopf
Published 18 Mar 2008

While being a team player is often a key ingredient to great success, in his article “Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons,” Maccoby cites a resurgence of CEO superstars such as Bill Gates, Andy Grove, Jeff Bezos, and Jack Welch—individuals who claim the limelight and are leading change in much the same way as other singular figures in history. Maccoby describes the narcissistic as opposed to the obsessive personality: Throughout history, narcissists have always emerged to inspire people and to shape the future. When military, religious, and political arenas dominated society, it was figures such as Napoléon Bonaparte, Mahatma Gandhi, or Franklin Delano Roosevelt who determined the social agenda. But from time to time, when business became the engine of social change, it, too, generated its share of narcissistic leaders. That was true at the beginning of this century, when men like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Thomas Edison, and Henry Ford exploited new technologies and restructured American industry.

Yucatan: Cancun & Cozumel
by Bruce Conord and June Conord
Published 31 Aug 2000

This hotel, set across the main shopping street from the Museo de Cultura, was remodeled in 1995 and delivers the kind of room quality expected of the Holiday Inn chain as well as a swimming pool. The owner is active in promoting Chetumal tourism and, fortunately, her interest begins with pleasing her guests. This is the best place to stay in Chetumal. We liked the rooms very much but found the restaurant lacking. $$ Hotel Ucum (Mahatma Gandhi No. 4, % 983/2-04-10). Its name sounds amusing only if you pronounce it in English instead of Mayan – and you share our soph-omoric sense of humor. Basic accommodations in this friendly but not fancy hotel come with fans in rooms around a massive open courtyard. A clean budget hotel next door to the Holiday Inn.

The Best Business Writing 2013
by Dean Starkman
Published 1 Jan 2013

It did not connect too well with younger Indians.” Samir Jain pressed his executives to create a more youthful paper. Articles would be shorter, sentences snappier; there would be more sports, less politics, more Bollywood, more color, lower necklines, and few book reviews. “You can’t write about Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday for a fifteen-year-old,” Das said. “You can give a passing reference for the grandfather.” He added, “Everyone wants to feel young, think like the young. Youth is an aspirational band, not a demographic band. So if you make the paper youthful it satisfies everyone.” • • • “Aspirational” is a word one hears often around the Times offices, as a way of characterizing the sunny outlook that the Jains say their readers want.

The Forgotten Man
by Amity Shlaes
Published 25 Jun 2007

The State Department quickly asked Joseph Robinson, Senate majority leader, to put through special legislation that would enable U.S. officers to snatch up Insull in countries where the United States exercised extraterritorial powers, such as Egypt. The bill passed without debate, and Roosevelt signed it on March 23. Meanwhile, however, both the mortified Greeks and others had lost track of the Maiotis, and in Alexandria crowds scanned the horizon for a glimpse of Insull. “Not since the passage through the Suez Canal of Mahatma Gandhi has any individual been so awaited,” wrote the normally staid New York Times. Within a day or so Greek authorities were in wire contact with the owners of the Maiotis, and a few days later the Maiotis docked at Istanbul to pick up provisions—potatoes, macaroni, salad. Washington demanded that Turkish authorities arrest Insull, and unlike the Greeks they complied immediately, subjecting Insull to a mock trial.

The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an Unspeakable War, and Liberation
by Scott Carney and Jason Miklian
Published 28 Mar 2022

Pakistan’s founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, promised that the new country would be a home for all Muslims—a land of equality and true democracy. In 1947, just two years after the end of World War II, during which Indian troops—Muslims and Hindus together—fought in Europe for the good guys, an anti-colonial independence movement won freedom from the British. Mahatma Gandhi, the most visible leader of the movement, favored a united India, while Jinnah believed that the Muslims should have their own nation. Seeing the writing on the wall and too broke after the war to do anything about it anyway, the British split the subcontinent across religious lines and relinquished their colonial Crown Jewel.

Tailspin: The People and Forces Behind America's Fifty-Year Fall--And Those Fighting to Reverse It
by Steven Brill
Published 28 May 2018

In April 2017, the conservative National Review—reacting to Polman’s rejection of the Kraft-Heinz takeover, which had caused Unilever stock to fall back after the announcement of the bid had seen it jump 14 percent—channeled Milton Friedman in an article titled “Multinational Boss Fashions Himself King of the World.” “CEOs need not aspire to be Gordon Gekko,” wrote Deroy Murdock. “But they need not strive to be Mahatma Gandhi, either. Polman fancies himself as the latter.” The magazine quoted a shareholder as saying, “I would prefer if Mr. Polman furthered his societal ambitions using his own rather than his shareholders’ money,” adding, “Paul Polman could satisfy many people, not least himself, by standing down as Unilever CEO and announcing his candidacy for secretary general of the United Nations.”

Snakes and Ladders: The Great British Social Mobility Myth
by Selina Todd
Published 11 Feb 2021

Other industries, like textiles, faced competition from overseas. During the war, textiles could no longer be exported and the countries affected – including Japan – set up their own factories. Demand for British cotton did not pick up after the war – in fact, it was further decimated when, in 1920, Mahatma Gandhi and his comrades in the struggle for Indian Independence announced a boycott of all British goods. As India was the recipient of half of Britain’s cotton exports, the highly successful boycott had shattering consequences. By 1933 Japan was the world’s largest cotton manufacturer. In Britain, steelworkers, miners and textile workers were among those most likely to be unemployed.

If Then: How Simulmatics Corporation Invented the Future
by Jill Lepore
Published 14 Sep 2020

“I do not share all their political views,” Pool had intended to tell the review board. “They are Zionists and I am an anti-Zionist.” Also, “they may have been duped by commie fronts and hidden commies on a few occasions,” but he was sure they were not themselves Communists. “It is easier for me to imagine Mahatma Gandhi as a member of the Union League Club than it is to imagine my Father or my Mother in the Communist Party,” he wrote. He struck all that out, and decided, instead, to wait for questions.13 The second charge against him was harder to answer: “You have held membership in Communist Front organizations, namely; American Civil Liberties Union, Young Peoples Socialist League, American Student Union and Consumers Union.”14 None of this was untrue.

Amazon Unbound: Jeff Bezos and the Invention of a Global Empire
by Brad Stone
Published 10 May 2021

In mid-January, 2020, he visited India, his first trip to the country since his publicity stunt back in 2014 featuring the oversized check on top of a truck. So much had changed since then. On this tour, Bezos and Lauren Sanchez posed for photographs in front of the Taj Mahal, paid their respects at Mahatma Gandhi’s tomb, and dressed in fashionable Indian evening wear to attend a Prime Video premiere in Mumbai. Amazon had been operating in the country for more than half a decade, but Bezos asserted that the company was only getting started. “This country has something special,” Bezos told his senior vice president and former technical advisor, Amit Agarwal, on stage at an Amazon summit for independent merchants.

Lords of the Desert: The Battle Between the US and Great Britain for Supremacy in the Modern Middle East
by James Barr
Published 8 Aug 2018

But during this time he had established himself as an opponent of corruption and foreign influence – so much so that, during the war, the British had encouraged him to campaign against Russian attempts to acquire an oil concession in the north of the country. That move would come back to bite the British when they became Mosaddeq’s next target, but it is easy to see why they had enlisted his support. Mosaddeq was a powerful and histrionic speaker whose looks and ascetic lifestyle led one British diplomat to describe him as ‘a sort of Iranian Mahatma Gandhi, but less rational’. Aged sixty-nine or seventy-nine by 1950, depending on which date of birth you choose to believe, he was beset by a chronic illness which left him frequently exhausted and prone to faint. In one celebrated incident, he collapsed halfway through a speech in the Majlis. Another deputy, a doctor, pushed through the scrum that had formed round him to check his pulse.

The Craft: How Freemasons Made the Modern World
by John Dickie
Published 3 Aug 2020

For Nehru, as for so many Indians, a turning-point was the Amritsar massacre of April 1919, when troops were ordered to fire on a peaceful demonstration until their ammunition was exhausted, killing nearly four hundred people. Nehru led the Indian National Congress investigation into the slaughter, a role that propelled him into the front rank of Congress leaders as a proponent of Mahatma Gandhi’s civil disobedience campaign. The irony of all of Kipling’s Masonic memorial work was that the Empire in whose name he performed it was doomed. In mainland Europe, meanwhile, Freemasonry was facing its gravest ever threat. 11 Hamburg: De Profundis In a more sensible world, the Catholic Church would have learned a lesson from the Taxil hoax of the 1890s.

What Do You Say After You Say Hello?
by Eric Berne
Published 2 Jan 1975

The first attempt at something approaching script analysis was Freud’s book on Leonardo da Vinci.1 The next landmark is Ernest Jones’ biography of Freud himself,2 and Jones had the advantage of knowing his subject personally. Erikson has studied the life plans and life courses of two successful leaders, Martin Luther and Mahatma Gandhi.3 Leon Edel’s continuing biography of Henry James,4 and Zeligs’ study of the Hiss-Chamberlain relationship5 also reveal many of the script elements. But in all of these cases, most of the early directives can only be guessed at. The closest approach to a scientific study of scripts comes out of the work of McClelland.6 He studied the relationship between stories heard and read by children, and their motives in living.

Lonely Planet Mongolia (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Trent Holden , Adam Karlin , Michael Kohn , Adam Skolnick and Thomas O'Malley
Published 1 Jul 2018

Australian Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %7013 3001; www.mongolia.embassy.gov.au; Seoul St 21, 4F, Naiman Zovkhis Bldg, What3words: coiling.handover.guidebook; h9.30am-4.30pm Mon-Fri) Canadian Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-332 500; www.canadainternational.gc.ca/mongolia-mongolie; Peace Ave, Central Tower, 6th fl, What3words: devoured.village.trooper; h9am-noon Mon-Fri) Chinese Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-323 940; http://mn.china-embassy.org; Zaluuchuudyn Örgön Chölöö 5, What3words: adults.reputable.breathy; hvisas 9.30am-noon Mon, Wed & Fri) French Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-324 519; www.ambafrance-mn.org; Peace Ave 3, What3words: broker.overdrive.glimmers; h8.30am-12.30pm & 1.30-5pm Mon-Fri) German Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-323 915, 11-323 325; www.ulan-bator.diplo.de; United Nations St 16, What3words: scan.redeeming.regaining; h8.30am-12.30pm & 1-5pm Mon-Thu, 8.30am-12.30pm Fri) Japanese Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-320 777; www.mn.emb-japan.go.jp; Embassy Rd 10, What3words.carriage.parsnips.shut; h9am-1pm & 2-4.45pm Mon-Fri) Kazakh Embassy ( GOOGLE MAP ; %11-345 408; ulaanbaatar@mfa.kz; Zaisan St 31/6, Khan Uul District, What3words: forgets.indicated.fantastic) Russian Embassy ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-326 037; www.mongolia.mid.ru/en; Peace Ave 6A, What3words: prime.slant.beaker; hvisas 9am-noon Mon-Fri) South Korean Embassy ( GOOGLE MAP ; %7007 1020; http://mng.mofa.go.kr; Mahatma Gandhi St 39, What3words: tilts.liquid.farmland; h9am-noon & 1.30-6pm Mon-Fri) Swiss Consulate ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %11-331 422; www.eda.admin.ch/mongolia; Embassy Rd, Sky Plaza Business Centre, What3words: pioneered.honest.rules; h9am-5pm Mon-Fri) UK Embassy ( GOOGLE MAP ; %11-458 133; www.gov.uk/world/mongolia; Peace Ave 30, What3words: nets.cases.dummy; h8.30am-1pm & 2-5pm Mon-Thu, to 1.30pm Fri) US Embassy ( GOOGLE MAP ; %7007 6001; https://mn.usembassy.gov; Denver St 3, What3words: craftsman.memo.rags; h8.30am-5pm Mon-Fri) EATING PRICE RANGES The following price ranges refer to a standard main course

The Rough Guide to Berlin
by Rough Guides

Overall, though, the huge collection is somewhat jumbled and rambling, and not quite the harrowing experience that some visitors expect. Related exhibits focus on the concept of freedom and non-violent struggles in general, while showcasing artefacts such as the typewriter used to type Charter 77, the civil rights document drawn up in communist Czechoslovakia, and Mahatma Gandhi’s diary. BlackBox Cold War – Exhibition at Checkpoint Charlie Friedrichstr. 47 • Daily 10am–6pm • €5 • 030 21 63 571, www.bfgg.de/en/centre-of-cold-war.html • Kochstrasse The recently established BlackBox Cold War museum offers a potted history of the Cold War in a neat, organized and neutral way that’s at odds with the chaotic (and decidedly non-neutral) Mauermuseum across the street.

Meat: A Benign Extravagance
by Simon Fairlie
Published 14 Jun 2010

A 1959 Ford Foundation study concluded that about half of Indian cows could be regarded as surplus in relation to feed supply. Alan Heston, an economist from the University of Pennsylvania, reported in 1971 that India had 30 million unproductive cows, producing a tenth the amount of milk that US or European cows produced, which he argued were redundant, and ought to be slaughtered. ‘Slaughter’ said Mahatma Gandhi, ‘is a thing that suggests itself easily to Western economists. That is why they cut the Gordian knot, by slaughtering the inferior breed of cows and bulls.’39 Marvin Harris sets out to show that the economists are missing the point: Many experts assume that man and cow are locked in a deadly competition for land and food crops.

Scale: The Universal Laws of Growth, Innovation, Sustainability, and the Pace of Life in Organisms, Cities, Economies, and Companies
by Geoffrey West
Published 15 May 2017

Given the enormous disparities in income distributions that are observed in all cities across the globe, and the apparent drive of most of us to want more despite having plenty, it’s not hard to believe that greed in its various forms is an important contributor to the socioeconomic dynamics of cities. To quote Mahatma Gandhi: “The Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” Greed is the pejorative image of this insatiable desire for more, but it also has an extremely important, positive flip side. Metaphorically, it is the social analog of the evolutionary biological drive of animals, including us, to maximize their metabolic power relative to their size.

Alcohol: A History
by Rod Phillips
Published 14 Oct 2014

It was the solution in India, where the legislature set up a local option system in 1921. Temperance found much support in parts of India, where it drew on the Hindu rule that intoxicating substances should be avoided. Alcohol was also part of the early twentieth-century Indian nationalist critique of imperialism, and prohibition was embraced by nationalists such as Mahatma Gandhi. In 1937 he deplored the use of alcohol revenues to fund education: “The cruelest irony . . . lies in the fact that we are left with nothing but the liquor revenue to fall back upon to give our children education. . . . The solution to the problem should not involve a compromise of the ideal of prohibition, cost whatever else it might.”35 Prohibition was introduced in the state of Madras in 1937.

Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century
by Christian Caryl
Published 30 Oct 2012

The strategy of cultural resistance—the construction of alternate society, of “living in truth”—implied the same quality of “self-restraint” that later provided the basis for the “self-limiting revolution” of Solidarity and 1989. It is striking, indeed, that the most influential nonviolent activist movements of the twentieth century—notably Mahatma Gandhi’s struggle for independence from the British Empire and Martin Luther King’s civil rights campaign (both of which drew, in their turn, on the writings of that Christian anarchist Leo Tolstoy)—had overtly religious origins. Their legacy can be traced in the 1980s through such diverse events as the uprisings against dictatorship in South Korea, the 1986 “People’s Power” revolution in the Philippines, and the “velvet revolutions” in East Central Europe.

The 4-Hour Body: An Uncommon Guide to Rapid Fat-Loss, Incredible Sex, and Becoming Superhuman
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 1 Dec 2010

This has led some scientists to suggest that the 4 calories per gram assumed for protein should be downgraded 20% to 3.2 calories per gram. GROUND ZERO— Getting Started and Swaraj At the individual level Swaraj is vitally connected with the capacity for dispassionate self-assessment, ceaseless self-purification and growing self-reliance.… It is Swaraj when we learn to rule ourselves. —Mahatma Gandhi, Young India, June 28, 1928, p. 772 THE HARAJUKU MOMENT The Decision to Become a Complete Human I must not fear. Fear is the mind-killer. Fear is the little-death that brings total obliteration. I will face my fear. I will permit it to pass over me and through me. And when it has gone past I will turn the inner eye to see its path.

The Aristocracy of Talent: How Meritocracy Made the Modern World
by Adrian Wooldridge
Published 2 Jun 2021

They are former outsiders who have succeeded in inserting themselves into the heart of their host societies – particularly in banking, business and intellectual life – and former dissidents who have succeeded in setting the tone of society. The Parsis are the closest thing to the Jews in southern Asia – ‘beneath contempt’ in terms of numbers, in Mahatma Gandhi’s phrase, but ‘beyond compare’ in terms of contribution. Followers of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathrustra), the Parsis fled from the advancing Arab tide in Persia in the eighth century, found a home in what is now India, and subsequently thrived by acting as middlemen between European colonialists (first the Portuguese then the British) and the Indian population.

Dreams and Shadows: The Future of the Middle East
by Robin Wright
Published 28 Feb 2008

The time had come to end theocratic rule through a new strategy of mass civil disobedience. He called on Iranians to boycott all elections, which he charged had a long record of fraud, forged ballots, and “orders given from above” to add votes to bolster turnout figures—and the regime’s legitimacy. Invoking Mahatma Gandhi, he called on student activists and intellectuals to ignore court summonses for opposition activity that, under Article 500 of Iran’s penal code, made them automatically liable to three to twelve months in prison. “Citizens must break this law,” he wrote. “If this law is broken extensively, the regime will not be able to send many people to jail for expressing their opposition….

The Survival of the City: Human Flourishing in an Age of Isolation
by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler
Published 14 Sep 2021

Moreover, sanctions that prevent the flow of people can reduce the risk of pandemic even if they don’t induce better behavior. Clean Water for Hyderabad and Lusaka Our colleague Marcella Alsan is both a Harvard University economist and a practicing infectious disease physician. She spends part of her life lecturing in classrooms in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and part working in hospitals, including the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital in the Indian city of Hyderabad, along with others in Africa and South America. Through her clinical work abroad, she became involved in a study measuring the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Hyderabad. Bacteria have a variety of strategies for developing resistance to antibiotic drugs, including pumps that push out the molecules and enzymes that cleave the drugs to mutations in the antibiotic target.

Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America
by Rick Perlstein
Published 1 Jan 2008

“The postwar period in international relations has ended,” it began, then gave full expression to what a new “Framework for a Durable Peace” would look like. In-depth discussion of Vietnam only began around Chapter 4. He concluded by printing the toast he’d given to the president of India, a paean to Mahatma Gandhi: “A peace responsive to the human spirit, respectful of the divinely inspired dignity of man, one that lifts the eyes of all to what man in brotherhood can accomplish and that now, as man crosses the threshold of the heavens, is more necessary than ever.” The New York Times printed all 37,425 words in a stand-alone supplement.

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This was New Politics nirvana: a tide of 11 million newly eligible eighteen-to twenty-one-year-olds to ban the smoke-filled rooms forever, end the war, pass every ecology bill, change the world. The story was allegorized in the 1968 youth exploitation picture Wild in the Streets, in which a rock star led a crusade to lower the voting age to fourteen: “We got more cats than little ol’ Mahatma Gandhi had.” Then Max Frost became president after cops shot kids in a riot, and the kids remade America in their own image: “You know, if we didn’t have a foreign policy, we wouldn’t even have small wars…and at home, everybody’s rich, and if they’re not, they can sleep on the beaches and live like they’re rich anyway.”

The 4-Hour Chef: The Simple Path to Cooking Like a Pro, Learning Anything, and Living the Good Life
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 1 Jan 2012

IL CONTORNO THE SCIENTIST (SCI) If WILD is the die-hard pragmatist, SCI is the mad scientist and modernist painter wrapped into one. Rather than preparing you for spartan minimalism, this section is about rediscovering whimsy and wonder, two ingredients sorely lacking past childhood. IL DOLCE THE PROFESSIONAL (PRO) Swaraj, a term usually associated with Mahatma Gandhi, can be translated as “self-rule.” Think of it as charting your own path. In PRO, we’ll look at how the best in the world become the best in the world, and how you can evolve far beyond this book. There’s much more to cooking besides food. Take Chef Grant Achatz “plating” your table, which is covered in gray latex, by dropping and shattering a dark-chocolate piñata full of assorted desserts.

The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11
by Lawrence Wright
Published 26 Sep 2006

“What is required is to wage an economic war against America,” he continued. “We have to boycott all American products…. They’re taking the money we paythem for their products and giving it to the Jews to kill our brothers.” The man who had made his name in combat against the Soviets now invoked Mahatma Gandhi, who brought down the British Empire “by boycotting its products and wearing non-Western clothes.” He urged a public-relations campaign. “Any American we see, we should notify of our complaints,” bin Laden meekly concluded. “We should write to American embassies.” BIN LADEN WOULD LATER SAY that the United States had always been his enemy.

Atlas Obscura: An Explorer's Guide to the World's Hidden Wonders
by Joshua Foer , Dylan Thuras and Ella Morton
Published 19 Sep 2016

Petersen Automotive Vault Miracle Mile · The 150 vehicles on display may include a Mercedes-Benz that belonged to Saddam Hussein, President Clinton’s golf cart, and an imposing 1925 Round Door Rolls-Royce. Idle Hour North Hollywood · Sample the many signature cocktails at this bar located inside a giant whiskey barrel. Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine Pacific Palisades · This oasis of Eastern spirituality, located in a ritzy neighborhood, holds some of Mahatma Gandhi’s ashes. Air Hollywood Pacoima · If you need to shoot a scene set in an airplane or airport, this is the studio to use. One of the standing sets, a Pan Am plane interior, is also open to the public. Bunny Museum Pasadena · Step inside the “Hoppiest Place in the World” to view Earth’s largest collection of bunny memorabilia.

Aftershocks: Pandemic Politics and the End of the Old International Order
by Colin Kahl and Thomas Wright
Published 23 Aug 2021

Yet the colonial regime continued to send Indian-grown food to Europe to feed Allied troops. The pandemic, in turn, made food insecurity even direr as agricultural laborers became ill and died. Food prices soared.43 Among those stricken by the second wave of the pandemic in the fall of 1918 was Mahatma Gandhi, the man who would lead India’s independence movement. Just three years earlier, he had returned to India from South Africa, where he had first employed strategies of nonviolent civil resistance. As Gandhi recovered from the flu, the cascading misery and revealed injustices exposed by the virus helped produce a wave of anticolonial sentiment and momentum for his cause.

Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society
by Nicholas A. Christakis
Published 26 Mar 2019

.… Wherever a man goes, men will pursue and paw him with their dirty institutions, and, if they can, constrain him to belong to their desperate odd-fellow society.5 He was let out of jail the next day when an unknown friend apparently paid his poll tax for him.6 He had not paid it in years because he objected to the use of the funds to wage war and expand slavery, as he later explained in his famous essay “Civil Disobedience”—which would go on to inspire the work of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.7 More than a century later, I visited a reconstruction of Thoreau’s cabin at Walden, and it was as austere as a jail cell. I had moved to Concord with my wife and three children in 2001. In a coincidence that my family calls a “low brush with fame,” we had acquired the former home of Sam Staples, the town constable whose duty it had been to jail Thoreau but who was nonetheless Thoreau’s friend.

Fodor's Essential Israel
by Fodor's Travel Guides
Published 2 Aug 2023

Commonly known as “the hut,” owing to its humble appearance, Ben-Gurion’s small, one-story, wooden home has a small kitchen, an eating corner with a table and two chairs, and simple furniture throughout. Visitors such as United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld drank tea with Ben-Gurion in the modest living room. Ben-Gurion’s bedroom, with its single picture of Mahatma Gandhi, holds the iron cot on which he slept (often only three hours a night) and his slippers on the floor beside it. The house is exactly as he left it. EOff Rte. 40, Sde Boker P08/656–0469 wwww.bgh.org.il ANIS 25 xLast admission 1 hr before closing. Ben-Gurion’s Grave MONUMENT | Many people visit the revered prime minister’s grave in conjunction with a visit to his desert home in Kibbutz Sde Boker, just 3 km (2 miles) north.

Deep Nutrition: Why Your Genes Need Traditional Food
by Catherine Shanahan M. D.
Published 2 Jan 2017

Intimate colonialism: the imperial production of reproduction in Uganda, 1907-1925, Carol Summers, Signs, vol. 16, no. 4, Women, Family, State, and Economy in Africa, Summer 1991, pp. 787–807. 172. Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, Weston A Price, Price Pottenger Foundation, 1945, p. 398. 173. Mahatma Gandhi, quoted in Richard Frazer, Live as though you might die tomorrow and farm as though you might live forever, Christian faith and the welfare of the city, Johnston R. McKay (editor), Edinburgh: CTPI, 2008, p. 48. 174. Letter to all state governors on a uniform soil conservation law, February 26, 1937, Franklin D Roosevelt, pp. 1933–945. 175.

Ghost Train to the Eastern Star: On the Tracks of the Great Railway Bazaar
by Paul Theroux
Published 9 Sep 2008

‘Those farmers look like rustics and hicks, but they all have mobile phones. Hardly anyone uses a land line.’ ‘What do they worry about?’ I asked. ‘They worry about democracy, as I do,’ he said. ‘The scheduled classes, for example.’ By scheduled classes he meant the lowest castes in India – the Dalits, the so-called Untouchables, whom Mahatma Gandhi called Harijans, Children of God. What Kuldeep was questioning was a system that had its American parallel not only in affirmative action programmes for minorities, but also in the stubborn resistance by the rest of the populace to the preferential fast track. ‘They are now better-off than we are.

The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis
by Julie Holland
Published 22 Sep 2010

The problem, in the government’s eyes, is that drugs are potentially subversive. I think people do pull back and see the “big picture,” and sometimes they do think about revolution. I’m sure the government would prefer that we aren’t so enlightened. TOMMY: Of course they would prefer it, because that means there’s no danger. I’m with Mahatma Gandhi on this issue. These guys are equipped with their SWAT teams to handle any kind of armed insurrection, but they’re not really equipped to handle me on the radio talking crap about Mary Beth Buchanan. It’s embarrassing to them. JULIE: Speaking of SWAT teams, I heard with this May 7 raid, where they confiscated the DVDs of the documentary about you, there were thirty fully armed commandos raiding this office building in Cincinnati, with five overweight, middle-aged office workers being held hostage while they ransacked the place.

After Tamerlane: The Global History of Empire Since 1405
by John Darwin
Published 5 Feb 2008

Constantinople, in the mid-sixteenth century (Ann Ronan Picture Library/Heritage Images) 3. The harbour at Batavia, Dutch East Indies (Ann Ronan Picture Library/Heritage Images) 4. Engraving portraying the defeat of Tipu Sultan (Corbis) 5. Commodore Matthew Perry’s entry into Tokyo harbour (Corbis) 6. French soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion (Corbis) 7. Mahatma Gandhi on the ‘salt march’, India 1930 (Corbis) 8. Nuclear test, Marshall Islands, 1952 9. Flags on Tiananmen Square (Corbis) List of Maps 1. The Islamic world in 1450 2. Ming China 3. The Portuguese empire in Asia 4. Russian expansion, 1462–1600 5. Ottoman expansion, c. 1600 6. Mughal expansion 7.

Facebook: The Inside Story
by Steven Levy
Published 25 Feb 2020

It was called “Book of Change.” Dated May 28, 2006, the first page has his address and phone number information, with a promise to pay a $1,000 reward to anyone returning the book to him if lost. He even scrawled an epigram, a message to himself: “Be the change you want to see in the world.” —Mahatma Gandhi The Book of Change grapples with the two projects that would transform Facebook from college network into Internet colossus. * * * • • • THE FIRST WAS called Open Registration, referred to internally as Open Reg. It would flip the very essence of Facebook, from a college networking program to a general social utility.

Mauritius, Réunion & Seychelles Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

As many as 500,000 Indians took up the promise of a better life in Mauritius, often to find themselves living and working in appalling conditions on minimum pay. By sheer weight of numbers, the Indian workforce gradually achieved a greater say in the running of the country. Their struggle was given extra impetus when Indian political and spiritual leader Mahatma Gandhi visited Mauritius in 1901 to push for civil rights. However, the key event was the introduction of universal suffrage in 1958, and the key personality was Dr (later Sir) Seewoosagur Ramgoolam. Founder of the Labour Party in 1936, Seewoosagur Ramgoolam led the fight for independence, which was finally granted in 1968.

Bali & Lombok Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Organic and natural products are used for a variety of traditional massages and treatments in a gently restful setting. Ashram Gandhi ChandiSPIRITUAL RETREAT ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %0363-41108; www.ashramgandhi.com; Jl Raya Candidasa; s/d from 350,000/450,000Rp) This lagoon-side Hindu community follows the pacifist teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Guests may stay for short or extended periods, but are expected to participate in community life. Simple guest cottages by the ocean are handy after a long day of yoga here. TTours Apart from the Bali Aga village of Tenganan, there are several traditional villages inland from Candidasa and attractive countryside for walking.

Nepal Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

A 60-/100-knot carpet made with Tibetan wool costs around US$100/220 per sq metre. The size of a traditional Tibetan carpet is 1.8m by 90cm. Mahaguthi FAIR TRADE Offline map Google map ( 5521607; www.mahaguthi.org; 10am-6.30pm Sun-Fri, to 5pm Sat) Mahaguthi was founded by a Nepali disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and its Kopundol showroom is a treasure house of dhaka weavings, handmade paper, ceramics, block prints, pashminas, woodcrafts, jewellery, knitwear, statues, singing bowls, embroidery and Mithila paintings (see the boxed text, Click here). There’s a smaller branch in Kathmandu’s Lazimpat district.

Enemies and Neighbours: Arabs and Jews in Palestine and Israel, 1917-2017
by Ian Black
Published 2 Nov 2017

This Pan-Arab organization was founded by Awni Abdel-Hadi in 1932, part of a trend which saw Palestinian political life move away from the great aristocratic and merchant families to a younger generation of nationalist activists, often journalists and teachers who had enjoyed a European education and admired Mahatma Gandhi’s ongoing struggle against the British in India. Akram Zuwayter and Izzat Darwaza, both from Nablus, were other leading figures in this milieu. Haifa, where Jews by now made up nearly half of the population, became a stronghold for the party.8 The Istiqlal view compared the British Mandate to a tree: if it was felled then its Zionist ‘branch’ would fall too.9 The Istiqlal, commented a British report, ‘was calculated to appeal to the younger generation of Arab nationalists by its uncompromising concentration on the demand for national freedom’.10 The fight for economic sovereignty was a significant part of its platform, while the independent status enjoyed by Iraq after its 1930 treaty with Britain was a source of encouragement.11 The party’s first rally in Haifa celebrated the Battle of Hattin in 1187, where the Crusader forces had been defeated by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin in popular Western memory).12 Zuwayter had already resigned his post as a teacher at a government school in Acre.

The Rough Guide to Paris
by Rough Guides
Published 1 May 2023

Entry to the park as a whole is free, but several attractions within it charge entry fees or open for limited times: the new Fondation Louis Vuitton contemporary art space; the Jardin d’Acclimatation, aimed at children (see page 337); the beautiful floral displays of the Parc de Bagatelle; and the racecourses at Longchamp and Auteuil. There are 14km of cycling routes and boating on the Lac Inférieur, while the best, and wildest, part for walking is towards the southwest corner. Fondation Louis Vuitton 8 av du Mahatma-Gandhi, Bois de Boulogne, 16e • Charge (ticket includes entry to the adjoining Jardin d’Acclimatation) • http://fondationlouisvuitton.fr • MLes Sablons; rather than walk from the métro (10–15min) you could take the shuttle minibus (charge) from av de Friedland, just off place Charles de Gaulle (aka place de l’Étoile) Rising amid the trees and greenery of the Bois de Boulogne is the dramatic, Frank Gehry-designed contemporary art centre, the Fondation Louis Vuitton, opened in 2014.

From Beirut to Jerusalem
by Thomas L. Friedman
Published 1 Jan 1989

And now that you have taken your destiny into your own hands? “The wounds of the rape are starting to heal,” he said. “The woman is combing her hair and looking in the mirror again.” When the uprising began, Palestinians threw stones at the Israelis, not because they had all suddenly read the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and become nonviolent, not because they didn’t want to hurt the Israelis, but because when their anger suddenly exploded, stones and clubs and kitchen knives were all that most of them found available and operationally expedient. The Palestinians under occupation knew their enemy well. Unlike the PLO bureaucrats in Beirut and Tunis, they knew the real dimensions of Israel’s strength and weaknesses.

Tools of Titans: The Tactics, Routines, and Habits of Billionaires, Icons, and World-Class Performers
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 6 Dec 2016

; Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track (Richard P. Feynman), Love Yourself Like Your Life Depends on It; Live Your Truth (Kamal Ravikant), Distress (Greg Egan), The Boys (Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson), Genome; The Red Queen; The Origins of Virtue; The Evolution of Everything (Matt Ridley), The Essential Writings (Mahatma Gandhi), The Tao of Philosophy (Alan Watts), The Bed of Procrustes (Nassim Nicholas Taleb), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Hunter S. Thompson), The Power of Myth (Joseph Campbell), Tao Te Ching (Lao Tzu), Falling into Grace (Adyashanti), God’s Debris (Scott Adams), The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (Julian Jaynes), Mastering the Core Teachings of the Buddha (Daniel M.

Hunger: The Oldest Problem
by Martin Caparros
Published 14 Jan 2020

The economic power of the thirty wealthiest families in the country is the same as the poorest third, about 400 million people. About 77 percent of Indians can only spend twenty rupees a day, less than half a dollar. When you think about these inequalities, how can we be a superpower?” “What should happen,” he continued, he reiterated, “is that they really should return to the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi: you can’t ask Monsanto or Cargill to grow food for Indians; they have to grow it for themselves. Why do we have to follow European and American models? Why can’t we develop our own model? It’s sad that we’ve forgotten our own resources and always look to the West. It’s a colonial mentality, and we should rid ourselves of it and look to our own devices.

The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East
by Abraham Rabinovich
Published 1 Jan 2004

His wardrobe attested to the variety of roles he pursued with flair: well-tailored Italian suits, medal-bedecked uniforms—of an admiral as well as a general—and peasant robes. Sadat’s desire as a young man to see an end to British hegemony in Egypt was accompanied by admiration for national leaders who fought for the liberation of their people. In this category he placed not only the likes of Mahatma Gandhi and Kemal Atatürk but also Adolf Hitler. He held him in esteem as a charismatic leader who rebuilt a shattered nation. Sadat abandoned this assessment, at least publicly, only after he became president. From that point on, he used the term “Nazi” as a pejorative, usually directing it at Israel.

The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 31 Dec 2009

A Christian parent at the close of the first millennium AD might look into the eyes of a newborn for clues as to whether the devil lurked somewhere deep inside, ready to possess them. Today, at the beginning of the third millennium AD, a parent is more likely to scrutinize a child’s inner being for signs of his or her inherent good nature and sociability. That’s not to say that parents expect their children to grow up to be a Mahatma Gandhi or a Nelson Mandela or a Martin Luther King, Jr. Only that they expect them to be more like them than, say, an Adolf Hitler or a Joseph Stalin. All of which points to the fact that while most human beings are neither saints nor monsters, we expect pro-social behavior rather than antisocial behavior of one another.

The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World (Hardback) - Common
by Alan Greenspan
Published 14 Jun 2007

The reason for India's failure to follow China off the lower rungs of developing nations over the past fifteen years is an idea. When Britain declared Indian independence in 1947, it withdrew all aspects of British governing, but left behind a concept that captivated India's elite: Fabian socialism. Jawaharlal Nehru, a disciple of the revered Mahatma Gandhi and Indian prime minister for sixteen years following independence, was firmly attracted by the rationality of the Fabians, and he perceived market competition as economically destructive. Because of him, socialism has retained a firm grip on Indian economic policy long after it was abandoned by Britain.

Full Catastrophe Living (Revised Edition): Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness
by Jon Kabat-Zinn
Published 23 Sep 2013

And maybe you don’t really need so much money. Giving some thought and attention to the ways in which you might simplify things will probably start you on the road toward making your time your own. It is yours anyway, you know. You might as well enjoy it. You might as well inhabit all your moments. They are not “yours” forever. Mahatma Gandhi was once asked by a journalist, “You have been working at least fifteen hours a day, every day for almost fifty years. Don’t you think it’s about time you took a vacation?” To which Gandhi replied, “I am always on vacation.” Of course, the word vacation carries within it the meaning of “vacant, empty.”

France (Lonely Planet, 8th Edition)
by Nicola Williams
Published 14 Oct 2010

The Jardin des Serres d’Auteuil (Map; 01 40 71 75 23; av de la Porte d’Auteuil, 16e; Porte d’Auteuil; admission free; 9.30am-5pm, to 8pm in summer), opened in 1898, is a garden with impressive conservatories at the southeastern end of the Bois de Boulogne. The 20-hectare Jardin d’Acclimatation (Map; 01 40 67 90 82; av du Mahatma Gandhi; Les Sablons; adult/3-18yr/under 3yr €2.70/1.35/free; 10am-7pm Jun-Sep, 10am-6pm Oct-May), a kids-oriented amusement park whose name is another term for ‘zoo’ in French, includes the high-tech Exploradôme ( 01 53 64 90 40; www.exploradome.com, in French; adult/4-18yr/under 4yr €5/3.50/free), a tented structure devoted to science and the media.

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Rowing boats ( 01 42 88 04 69; per hr €10; 10am-6pm mid-Mar–mid-Oct) can be hired at Lac Inférieur ( Av Henri Martin), the largest of the wood’s lakes and ponds. They sometimes open at the weekend in winter. Paris Cycles ( 01 47 47 76 50; per hr €5; 10am-7pm mid-Apr–mid-Oct) hires out bicycles at two locations in the Bois de Boulogne: on av du Mahatma Gandhi ( Les Sablons), across from the Porte Sablons entrance to the Jardin d’Acclimatation, and near the Pavillon Royal ( Av Foch) at the northern end of Lac Inférieur. Return to beginning of chapter ACTIVITIES The best single source of information on sports in Paris is the Salon d’Accueil (Reception Hall) of the Mairie de Paris at the Hôtel de Ville (Map; 39 75, 08 20 00 75 75; www.sport.paris.fr; 29 rue de Rivoli, 4e; Hôtel de Ville; 10am-7pm Mon-Sat).

Western USA
by Lonely Planet

CALIFORNIA’S CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT When 110,000 Japanese Americans along the West Coast were ordered into internment camps by President Roosevelt in 1942, the San Francisco-based Japanese American Citizen’s League immediately filed suits that advanced all the way to the Supreme Court. These lawsuits established groundbreaking civil rights legal precedents, and in 1992 internees received reparations and an official letter of apology for internment signed by George HW Bush. Adopting the nonviolent resistance practices of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr, labor leaders César Chávez and Dolores Huerta formed United Farm Workers in 1962 to champion the rights of underrepresented immigrant laborers. While civil rights leaders marched on Washington, Chávez and Californian grape pickers marched on Sacramento, bringing the issue of fair wages and the health risks of pesticides to the nation’s attention.

The Silk Roads: A New History of the World
by Peter Frankopan
Published 26 Aug 2015

Pedersen, ‘Getting Out of Iraq – in 1932: The League of Nations and the Road to Normative Statehood’, American Historical Review 115.4 (2010), 993–1000. 45Y. Ismael, The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq (Cambridge, 2008), p. 12. 46For the Purna Swaraj declaration, M. Gandhi, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, 90 vols (New Delhi, 1958–84), 48, p. 261. 47Cited by Ferrier and Bamberg, British Petroleum, pp. 593–4. 48‘A Record of the Discussions Held at Lausanne on 23rd, 24th and 25th August, 1928’, BP 71074. 49Cadman to Teymourtache, 3 January 1929, BP 71074. 50Young report of Lausanne discussions, BP H16/20; also see Ferrier and Bamberg, British Petroleum, pp. 601–17. 51Vansittart minute, 29 November 1932, FO 371/16078. 52Hoare to Foreign Office, 29 November 1932, FO 371/16078. 53Lord Cadman’s Private Diary, BP 96659/002. 54Cadman, Notes, Geneva and Teheran, BP 96659. 55G.

A History of Zionism
by Walter Laqueur
Published 1 Jan 1972

The danger was averted only because of the stubborn demands of the Arab leaders, who insisted on a total ban on immigration and land sales as a condition for their collaboration in any political scheme. The executive in London carried on very much as before. Sokolow was received that year by King Fuad of Egypt, President Lebrun of France, Mussolini, de Valera, the vice president of the United States, and even Mahatma Gandhi, from whom he received ‘a satisfactory declaration’.* (Seven years later, after the November pogroms in Germany, Gandhi wrote to Martin Buber that the German Jews were in duty bound to stay in Germany and practise satyagraha, passive resistance, rather than emigrate to Palestine.) What was the outcome of these and other diplomatic activities?

The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East
by Robert Fisk
Published 2 Jan 2005

There were leather-bound volumes of Voltaire, Verlaine, Flaubert, Plutarch, Shakespeare and Charles de Gaulle. The entire works of Winston Churchill rested against Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner—a work the Shah might have found suitable reading on his long journey of exile—and biographies of Mahatma Gandhi. My People by Abba Eban, the former Israeli foreign minister—in fact, his book was partly written by an editor of Commentary magazine—lay on a lowly shelf with the author’s handwritten dedication to “His Imperial Majesty, the Shah of Shahs.” On another rack were the Goebbels diaries. In the Shah’s personal office, the guards could scarce restrain us from dialling a line on the golden telephones.

…

What was one to think when one walked, as I did, through the smoking embers of the National Museum, fired by the Iraqis on Tuesday? Or the gutted interior of the parliament? Or the still burning library in the Sief Palace—its magnificent golden clock tower smashed by a tank shell— when I found, lying on a chair, the remains of a book published by the government of India, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi? What kind of people burn museums and libraries? Fast-forward. Would I not be writing these same words, 800 kilometres north of here, in Baghdad, in almost exactly twelve years from now? Outside the museum, Kuwait’s collection of antique wooden boats had been burned to cinders. The “Islamic house” lay in ruins.

Nobody's Perfect: Writings From the New Yorker
by Anthony Lane
Published 26 Aug 2002

These are men whose fear of deep disorder outstripped their appreciation of liberty; at the same time, while they may have had no concept of conditions in the Caribbean, two of them—Ruskin and Dickens—thought and wrote with vehemence about the dignity that should attend the working men of England. One of Ruskin’s books, Unto This Last, would inspire the proponents of socialism and change the life of the young Mahatma Gandhi. The book rings with loathing for the power of money, and money alone, to determine the social contract; as a conservative, Ruskin found no allure in the egalitarian dream, but he saw evil in the prospect of labor without pleasure—the hallmark of the industrial age, and one reason for his increasing (and sadly superfluous) fondness for medieval craft.

Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
by Robert M. Sapolsky
Published 1 May 2017

This fits with striking sex differences in stress management styles, and tend-and-befriend most likely reflects the female stress response involving a stronger component of oxytocin secretion. Naturally, things are subtler than “male = fight/flight and female = tend/befriend.” There are frequent counterexamples to each; stress elicits prosociality in more males than just pair-bonded male marmosets, and we saw that females are plenty capable of aggression. Then there’s Mahatma Gandhi and Sarah Palin.* Why are some people exceptions to these gender stereotypes? That’s part of what the rest of this book is about. Stress can disrupt cognition, impulse control, emotional regulation, decision making, empathy, and prosociality. One final point. Recall from chapter 2 how the frontal cortex making you do the harder thing when it’s the right thing is value free—“right thing” is purely instrumental.

The Vietnam War: An Intimate History
by Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns
Published 4 Sep 2017

Nobody wanted to go to Vietnam. America just seemed to have shifted from the Woodstock high of the summer to this sort of bitter Nixonian low.” Todd and another member of his unit began to talk at night about what it meant to be true to one’s conscience. They read Henry David Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy, and Mahatma Gandhi. Those opposed to war on religious grounds could apply for conscientious objector status. But because Jack Todd also questioned the existence of God, that avenue was closed to him. “There were really two choices. It was go to jail or go to Canada. And, for me, going to jail—that one, I couldn’t face.”

Northern California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

When 120,000 Japanese Americans along the West Coast were ordered into internment camps by President Roosevelt in 1942, the San Francisco–based Japanese American Citizens’ League immediately filed suits that eventually made their way to the Supreme Court. These lawsuits established groundbreaking civil rights legal precedents; in 1992 internees received reparations and an official letter of apology for internment signed by George W Bush. Adopting the nonviolent resistance practices of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr, labor leaders César Chávez and Dolores Huerta formed United Farm Workers in 1962 to champion the rights of underrepresented immigrant laborers. While civil-rights leaders marched on Washington, Chávez and Californian grape pickers marched on Sacramento, bringing the issue of fair wages and the health risks of pesticides to the nation’s attention.

American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer
by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin
Published 18 Dec 2007

The last words I heard him say were, ‘We should say yes to Weinstein. He is good.’ ” The next day, Louis Fischer dropped by. In recent years, Fischer and Oppenheimer had become casual, respectful friends. An acclaimed, globe-trotting journalist, Fischer was the author of more than two dozen books— including such popular volumes as The Life of Mahatma Gandhi (1950) and The Life and Death of Stalin (1953). Robert particularly liked his 1964 biography of Lenin. Kitty had encouraged Fischer to bring along some chapters from his current book project to divert Robert. But when Fischer rang the doorbell, he waited in silence for several minutes—and, giving up, started to walk away when he heard knocking on an upstairs window.

In Europe
by Geert Mak
Published 15 Sep 2004

The newspapers were amazed by the speed with which he carried out building projects and set up pension funds and other social services, and the comment heard wherever Europeans compared notes was that ‘at least the trains in Italy are running on time again’. Winston Churchill called him a ‘Roman genius’, and in 1927 he assured Italian journalists that if he was Italian he would follow Mussolini ‘wholeheartedly, from start to finish, in your triumphant fight against the beastly predilections and passions of Leninism’. The Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi praised him as the saviour of Italy. In October 1927, the readers of the Dutch daily Algemeen Handelsblad chose him as ‘the greatest figure of his day’, second only to Thomas Edison. Mussolini's greatest diplomatic triumph was the concordat of 1929, which defined relations between the Vatican and Italy.

Surfaces and Essences
by Douglas Hofstadter and Emmanuel Sander
Published 10 Sep 2012

Barnum of Polynesian pop, the Mae West of tiger taming, the Marilyn Monroe of hip-hop, the Meryl Streep of spitting, the Fellini of photography, the Stanley Kubrick of pornography, the Walt Disney of consumer electronics, the Bill Gates of wastewater, the Rockefeller of video games, the Babe Ruth of bank robbers, the Evel Knievel of oncologists, the Michael Jordan of bagpiping, the Tiger Woods of user-generated video, the Lance Armstrong of tough-guy jokes, the Usain Bolt of cognitive science, the Serena Williams of apathy, the Paul Revere of ecology, the Napoleon of fossil bones, the Rasputin of rockabilly, the Hitler of snuggling, the Franco of fricassee, the Mussolini of mulligatawny, the Mao Tse-Tung of gay soap operas, the Mahatma Gandhi of restaurant criticism, the Che Guevara of tango, the Richard Nixon of superheroes, the Indira Gandhi of astrophysics, the Osama bin Laden of monkeys, the George Bush of Oscar hosts, the Barack Obama of Tamil cinema, the Tarzan of the pole vault, the Sherlock Holmes of Yiddish music… The creation of a general category through the pluralization of a proper noun, such as a famous person’s name, is based on the idea that there is an essence to each very well-known person or thing, be it the Moon, the Mona Lisa, Mecca, or Mozart.

Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
by Ron Chernow
Published 1 Jan 1997

For their honeymoon, Nelson and Tod spent two weeks in Seal Harbor, where they were attended by twenty-four servants. As a wedding gift, Junior treated them to a nine-month around-the-world trip that took on the trappings of a state visit. At each port of call, they were escorted by Standard Oil officials who introduced them to prime ministers and other dignitaries. For Nelson, the meeting with Mahatma Gandhi in India had one severe shortcoming: “He showed no interest in me whatever,” he complained.35 During the summer of 1931, Nelson started work at 26 Broadway, where he felt crowded out by Junior’s phalanx of advisers. In an abortive venture, he launched a company for marketing merchandise and discussed the project at length with Rockefeller in Florida.

The Year's Best Science Fiction: Twenty-Sixth Annual Collection
by Gardner Dozois
Published 23 Jun 2009

Yes, his people wanted to hold time back to the twentieth century, but the Adareans had advanced far beyond that. “What? You mean like the discovery of the double helix, the first genome projects?” “More than that,” the Adarean said. “It’s the great century of political change, of people like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King. For the first time in history, people could peacefully oppose their governments; for the first time, without the use of violence, they could force their governments to change. It is the century where technology made real democracy possible, immediate, functional, on a large scale, for the first time ever.”

A History of Western Philosophy
by Aaron Finkel
Published 21 Mar 1945

† Ibid., p. 30. * This hostility to pagan literature persisted in the Church until the eleventh century, except in Ireland, where the Olympian gods had never been worshipped, and were therefore not feared by the Church. † Letter LX. ‡ Letter CXXVIII. * Confessions, Bk. II, Ch. IV. † I must except Mahatma Gandhi, whose autobiography contains passages closely similar to the above. * Confessions, Bk. II, Ch. II. * Confessions, Bk. III, Ch. I. † Ibid., Bk. IV, Ch. II. ‡ Ibid., Bk. VI, Ch. XV. § Ibid., Bk. VIII, Ch. VII. Ibid., Bk. IV, Ch. III. * Confessions, Bk. IV, Ch. XVI. * Ibid., Bk.

Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism
by Peter Marshall
Published 2 Jan 1992

No doubt recalling the Marxism of his youth, JP declared that it had become ‘glaringly apparent’ that the ‘state system was subservient to a variety of forces and interests in keeping it a closed shop’.35 Mass demonstrations opposed ‘student power’ and ‘people’s power’ to ‘State power’ and through ‘struggle committees’ a parallel system of self-government was attempted. Indira Gandhi however responded by imposing in 1975 her State of Emergency for nearly two years, imprisoning the main opposition leaders. Vinoba, Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘spiritual heir’, had reacted to JP’s campaign by a year’s vow of silence as a mark of disapproval. Asked for his opinion of the Emergency, he vouchsafed the written comment without breaking his silence: ‘an era of discipline’. It was immediately interpreted as support for Indira Gandhi’s government and the State of Emergency.

Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health
by Laurie Garrett
Published 15 Feb 2000

Surat, alone, would burn up three thousand tons of garbage during the next weeks, and spread hundreds of pounds of probably unneeded DDT. (As there was no ratfall or flea-carried bacteria in Surat there could be no logical need for the pesticide.) Someone put a huge surgical mask over the mouth of Mahatma Gandhi’s colossal statue in New Delhi. In the town of Thane in Maharashtra State a terrified man denounced visitors from Gujarat who came to his village as plague carriers: on the night of October 2 he murdered all three of them, the youngest being a seven-year-old girl. The Bombay stock market continued to plummet, falling a total of 213 points, or 5 percent of its total value, since plague had struck Surat a month earlier.

Central America
by Carolyn McCarthy , Greg Benchwick , Joshua Samuel Brown , Alex Egerton , Matthew Firestone , Kevin Raub , Tom Spurling and Lucas Vidgen
Published 2 Jan 2001

* * * GETTING TO BELIZE Visitors heading south to Belize must change buses in Chetumal, the capital of Quintana Roo state. It’s a hmm-and-go type of place, except for the remarkable Museo de la Cultura Maya ( 983-832-6838; Av Héroes; admission M$50; 9am-7pm Sun-Thu, 9am-8pm Fri & Sat), simply the best museum on Maya culture. The comfortable Hotel Ucum ( 983-832-0711/6186; Av Mahatma Gandhi 167; d with air-con/fan M$380/200; ) is nearby. Chetumal’s main bus terminal (near Avs Insurgentes & Belice) has frequent connections to Palenque and up the coast. From here regular direct buses leave for Corozal (M$35), Orange Walk (M$50) and Belize City (M$105), and five buses go on to Flores, Guatemala (M$300).

The Secret World: A History of Intelligence
by Christopher Andrew
Published 27 Jun 2018

The Sanskrit text was eventually rediscovered in 1904 by the librarian of the Mysore Oriental Library (now the Oriental Research Institute), Dr Rudrapatnam Shamashastry, who published it in 1909. The first English translation appeared in 1915, two millennia or more after it was written. The Arthashastra quickly became established as one of the leading Indian classics. It was praised – according to Shamashastry – even by the apostle of non-violence, Mahatma Gandhi, to whom he presented a copy in 1927.39 The first Prime Minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, made a number of references to the Arthashastra in his classic popular history, The Discovery of India, written in jail on the eve of Independence. Its early-twenty-first-century enthusiasts include the former Indian Foreign Secretary and National Security Adviser, Shivshankar Menon, who told a conference on Kautilya and the Arthashastra in 2012: The Arthashastra meets one essential criterion for a great book.

England
by David Else
Published 14 Oct 2010

It would take a lifetime working here to grasp all the intricacies of their arcane protocols – they’re similar to the Freemasons, and both are 13th-century creations. It’s best just to soak up the dreamy ambience of the alleys and open spaces and thank your lucky stars you’re not one of the bewigged barristers scurrying about. A roll call of former members would include the likes of Oliver Cromwell, Charles Dickens, Mahatma Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher. Lincoln’s Inn (Map; 7405 1393; www.lincolnsinn.org.uk; Lincoln’s Inn Fields WC2; grounds 9am-6pm Mon-Fri, chapel 12.30-2.30pm Mon-Fri; Holborn) is largely intact and has several original 15th-century buildings. It’s the oldest and most attractive of the bunch, boasting a 17th-century chapel and pretty landscaped gardens.

The Defence of the Realm
by Christopher Andrew
Published 2 Aug 2010

Before the First World War, Congress was a middle-class debating society which met briefly each December, then lapsed into inactivity for another year. There was nothing in 1914 to suggest that it would emerge from the war as a mass movement which would become the focus of resistance to the British Raj. The man who brought about this transformation was M. K. ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi, an English-educated barrister of the Inner Temple who, more than any other man, set in motion the process which, a generation later, began the downfall of the British Empire. When Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa, where he developed the technique of satyagraha, or passive resistance, which he was later to use against the Raj, the DCI assessed him as ‘neither an anarchist nor a revolutionary’ but ‘a troublesome agitator whose enthusiasm has led him frequently to overstep the limits of the South African laws relating to Asiatics’.51 In the course of the war MI5 extended its involvement in imperial intelligence from India to the Empire and Commonwealth as a whole.

Lonely Planet Mexico
by John Noble , Kate Armstrong , Greg Benchwick , Nate Cavalieri , Gregor Clark , John Hecht , Beth Kohn , Emily Matchar , Freda Moon and Ellee Thalheimer
Published 2 Jan 1992

The museum’s courtyard, which you can enter for free, has salons for temporary exhibits of modern artists (such as Rufino Tamayo), paintings reproducing Maya frescoes and a cinemuseo giving free film showings. MUSEO DE LA CIUDAD The local history museum (Héroes de Chapultepec; admission M$10; 9am-7pm Tue-Sun) is small but neatly done, and worth a 15-minute visit. Sleeping Hotel Ucum ( 832-07-11, 832-61-86; Av Mahatma Gandhi 167; d with fan/air-con M$200/380; ) This fine motel-like place looks like it may have once been used as a Jackie Chan movie set. And despite the unfortunate name (a town in Campeche), it offers pretty decent rooms, a (slightly milky) swimming pool and a restaurant serving good, inexpensive food.

Lonely Planet France
by Lonely Planet Publications
Published 31 Mar 2013

Vélib’ stations are found near most of the park entrances, but not within the park itself; Paris Cycles ( 01 47 47 76 50; per hr €5; 10am-7pm mid-Apr-mid-Oct) rents bikes. Rowing boats (per hr €15; 10am-6pm mid-Mar–mid-Oct; Av Henri Martin) can be hired at Lac Inférieur, the largest of the Bois’ lakes and ponds. Families with young kids flock to amusement park Jardin d’Acclimatation (www.jardindacclimatation.fr; av du Mahatma Gandhi; admission €2.90, activity tickets €2.90, under 3yr free; 10am-7pm Apr-Sep, to 6pm Oct-Mar; Les Sablons) , with puppet shows, boat rides, a small water park, pony rides, art exhibits and sometimes special movies. Most activities cost extra (on top of the admission price). The Bois de Boulogne is home to the Roland Garros (www.billetterie.fft.fr; 2 av Gordon Bennett, Bois de Boulogne; Porte d’Auteuil) stadium, home to the French Open.

The Rough Guide to France (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Aug 2019

Jardin d’Acclimatation Bois de Boulogne, by Porte des Sablons, 16e • Mon–Fri 10am–7pm, Sat & Sun 10am–8pm • €5; rides from €2.90 • jardindacclimatation.fr • Les Sablons/Porte-Maillot; the best way to get there is via the “petit train” from rue de la Porte des Sablons to Porte Maillot, near Porte Maillot (every 15min: Mon, Tues, Thurs & Fri noon–6pm, Wed, Sat & Sun and during hols from 10am) The highlight of the Bois de Boulogne for children is the Jardin d’Acclimatation, a cross between a funfair, zoo and amusement park that dates back to 1860. Traditional temptations include bumper cars, merry-go-rounds, a mini canal ride, pony and camel rides, adventure playgrounds and a paddling pool, while newer attractions include roller coasters and ziplines. Fondation Louis Vuitton 8 av du Mahatma-Gandhi, Bois de Boulogne, 16e • Mon, Wed & Thurs 11am–8pm, Fri 11am–9pm, Sat & Sun 9am–9pm • €16, under-18s €5 (ticket includes entry to the adjoining Jardin d’Acclimatation) • 01 40 69 96 00, fondationlouisvuitton.fr • Les Sablons; rather than walk from the métro (10–15min) you could take the shuttle minibus (every 20min during museum opening hours; 5–10min; €2) from av de Friedland, just off place Charles-de-Gaulle (aka place de l’Étoile) Rising amid the trees and greenery of the Bois de Boulogne is the dramatic, Frank Gehry-designed contemporary art centre, the Fondation Louis Vuitton, opened in 2014.

Europe: A History
by Norman Davies
Published 1 Jan 1996

Finally, and in diametric contrast, anarchism has inspired an important tradition of moral protest against all forms of coercion. Starting with Count Leo Tolstoy, the novelist, who felt that marriage was no less coercive than tsarism, the gospel of non-violence has attracted many dedicated followers, from Mahatma Gandhi in India to the Solidarity movement in Poland and to modern environ-mentalism.47 Bellegarrigue’s famous battle-cry, ‘L’Anarchie, c’est l’ordre’, is widely dismissed as a purely negative sentiment. But it contains a very serious moral constituent that underlies much of the modern concern about the mindless juggernauts of political and technological power.

Great Britain
by David Else and Fionn Davenport
Published 2 Jan 2007

It would take a lifetime working here to grasp all the intricacies of their arcane protocols – they’re similar to the Freemasons, and both are 13th-century creations. It’s best just to soak up the dreamy ambience of the alleys and open spaces and thank your lucky stars you’re not one of the bewigged barristers scurrying about. A roll call of former members would include the likes of Oliver Cromwell, Charles Dickens, Mahatma Gandhi and Margaret Thatcher. Lincoln’s Inn (Map; 7405 1393; www.lincolnsinn.org.uk; Lincoln’s Inn Fields WC2; grounds 9am-6pm Mon-Fri, chapel 12.30-2.30pm Mon-Fri; Holborn) is largely intact and has several original 15th-century buildings. It’s the oldest and most attractive of the bunch, boasting a 17th-century chapel and pretty landscaped gardens.