by Sarah Goodyear, Doug Gordon and Aaron Naparstek · 21 Oct 2025 · 330pp · 85,349 words
even forces, the average person to see our car-based reality for the social construct that it is. As the philosopher and noted media theorist Marshall McLuhan wrote in 1968, “One thing about which fish know exactly nothing is water, since they have no anti-environment which would enable them to perceive
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Angeles doesn’t keep us safe”: Crosswalk Collective, accessed March 2, 2025, crosswalksla.org. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “One thing about which fish”: Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore, War and Peace in the Global Village (Bantam, 1968), 175. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT On a crisp fall morning: John
by Paul Kingsnorth · 23 Sep 2025 · 388pp · 110,920 words
? Why are people creating these things, even as they fear them? What do they think they’re doing? Nearly sixty years back, the cultural theorist Marshall McLuhan offered a theory of technology which hinted at an answer. He saw each new invention as an extension of an existing human capability. In this
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within the machines. In sum, the process is rather far along, but is still decades from being complete.’ Today, we can combine this claim with Marshall McLuhan’s notion that digital technology provides the ‘central nervous system’ of some new consciousness, or tech guru Kevin Kelly’s belief in a self-organising
by Alec Nevala-Lee · 1 Aug 2022 · 864pp · 222,565 words
British economist Barbara Ward, and an exceptional figure who connected with Fuller on the first day. Hearing someone call his name, Fuller turned to see Marshall McLuhan, who was brandishing Nine Chains and No More Secondhand God. “I am your disciple,” McLuhan reportedly said. “I’ve joined your conspiracy.” They quickly hit
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buttons printed with a simple question: “Why haven’t we seen a photograph of the whole Earth yet?” He sent them to public intellectuals, including Marshall McLuhan, and the only one to reply was Fuller, who pointed out that it was possible only to see half the earth at once. Brand was
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packager named Jerome Agel, who worked with the graphic designer Quentin Fiore on a series of innovative paperbacks, including The Medium Is the Massage by Marshall McLuhan. Agel had met with Fuller to discuss a potential collaboration, and when the project was abruptly reactivated by Bantam Books, the team had only nine
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Manual for the Entire Universe” and “Utopia Four Comix.” In the latter, Fuller was depicted as part of a team of countercultural superheroes—along with Marshall McLuhan, the feminist Kate Millett, and the academic Charles A. Reich—who turn out to be utterly incapable of dealing with the realities of the inner
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this exchange coincided with the release of the critic Hugh Kenner’s book Bucky: A Guided Tour of Buckminster Fuller. Kenner, a longtime associate of Marshall McLuhan, had befriended Fuller on Ezra Pound’s advice that “one has an obligation to visit the great men of one’s own time,” and he
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speaking schedule, which he doubted he could maintain. The financial pressures made it hard to be selective, and the consequences were sometimes embarrassing. Along with Marshall McLuhan, Jonas Salk, and Norman Cousins, Fuller agreed to participate in the fourth International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences, which was scheduled for New
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. ———. R. Buckminster Fuller. New York: George Braziller, 1962. McKibben, Bill, ed. American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau. New York: Penguin, 2008. McLuhan, Marshall. Letters of Marshall McLuhan. Edited by Matie Molinaro, Corinne McLuhan, and William Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987. Meehan, Patrick J. Frank Lloyd Wright Remembered. Washington, DC: Preservation Press
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: Divine Arts, 2011). Wozniak was echoing a frequent comparison, with the most common version—“the Leonardo da Vinci of the twentieth century”—often attributed to Marshall McLuhan, who actually praised RBF as “the twentieth century Pythagoras” (McLuhan to Bruce Carrick, September 10, 1974, B375-V6). Janek Kaliczak: Itinerary, February 1, 1982. “the
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,” in SD, 10229. Fuller drank copiously: Wigley, Buckminster Fuller Inc., 284. “the glorious Bucky”: From the Library of Buckminster Fuller, 80. industry of the future: Marshall McLuhan to RBF, August 11, 1963, and RBF to McLuhan, August 25, 1963, B122-F6. “technology as creator”: McLuhan to RBF, September 17, 1964, in
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Marshall McLuhan, Letters of Marshall McLuhan, ed. Matie Molinaro, Corinne McLuhan, and William Toye (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987), 309. “a necessity”: Ibid. “McLuhan has never”: RBF, “McLuhan, Marshall,” in SD
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is more than 99 percent invisible” (RBF, Earth, Inc., 62). “He was organizing his present”: Olafur Eliasson, interviewed by author, August 29, 2019. Bill McKibben: “Marshall McLuhan . . . coined the term ‘global village.’ Fuller’s ‘Spaceship Earth’ is the other great description of our planet from the moment of new insight that coincided
by James Gleick · 1 Mar 2011 · 855pp · 178,507 words
retrieval. People began to name a successor to the Iron Age and the Steam Age. “Man the food-gatherer reappears incongruously as information-gatherer,”♦ remarked Marshall McLuhan in 1967.♦ He wrote this an instant too soon, in the first dawn of computation and cyberspace. We can see now that information is what
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quite a bit longer. It covered almost the entire lifetime of the species, writing being a late development, general literacy being almost an afterthought. Like Marshall McLuhan, with whom he was often compared (“the other eminent Catholic-electronic prophet,”♦ said a scornful Frank Kermode), Ong had the misfortune to make his visionary
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orality was not much missed. Not until the twentieth century, amid a burgeoning of new media for communication, did the qualms and the nostalgia resurface. Marshall McLuhan, who became the most famous spokesman for the bygone oral culture, did so in the service of an argument for modernity. He hailed the new
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the field he had founded. His research produced dense, theorem-packed papers, pregnant with possibilities for development, laying foundations for broad fields of study. What Marshall McLuhan later called the “medium” was for Shannon the channel, and the channel was subject to rigorous mathematical treatment. The applications were immediate and the results
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, she began to believe that scholars were too often blinded to the effects of the very medium in which they swam. She gave credit to Marshall McLuhan, whose Gutenberg Galaxy had appeared in 1962, for forcing them to refocus their gaze. In the age of scribes, the culture had only primitive reckonings
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meaning would force its way back in. —Jean-Pierre Dupuy (2000)♦ THE EXHAUSTION, the surfeit, the pressure of information have all been seen before. Credit Marshall McLuhan for this insight—his most essential—in 1962: We are today as far into the electric age as the Elizabethans had advanced into the typographical
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: IEEE Press, 1993), 455. ♦ “NOWE USED FOR AN ELEGANT WORDE”: Thomas Elyot, The Boke Named The Governour (1531), III: xxiv. ♦ “MAN THE FOOD-GATHERER REAPPEARS”: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 302. ♦ “WHAT LIES AT THE HEART OF EVERY LIVING THING”: Richard Dawkins, The Blind
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. 5 (14 March 1968). ♦ “HORSES AS AUTOMOBILES WITHOUT WHEELS”: Walter J. Ong, Orality and Literacy, 12. ♦ “LANGUAGE IN FACT BEARS THE SAME RELATIONSHIP”: Jonathan Miller, Marshall McLuhan (New York: Viking, 1971), 100. ♦ “FOR THIS INVENTION WILL PRODUCE FORGETFULNESS”: Plato, Phaedrus, trans. Benjamin Jowett (Fairfield, Iowa: First World Library, 2008), 275a. ♦ “TWO THOUSAND
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YEARS OF MANUSCRIPT CULTURE”: Marshall McLuhan, “Culture Without Literacy,” in Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingrone, eds., Essential McLuhan (New York: Basic Books, 1996), 305. ♦ “THIS MIRACULOUS REBOUNDING OF THE VOICE”: Pliny
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CANNOT HELP FEELING”: Phaedrus, trans. Benjamin Jowett, 275d. ♦ “WE ARE IN OUR CENTURY ‘WINDING THE TAPE BACKWARD’ ”: Marshall McLuhan, “Media and Cultural Change,” in Essential McLuhan, 92. ♦ “THE LARGER THE NUMBER OF SENSES INVOLVED”: Jonathan Miller, Marshall McLuhan, 3. ♦ “ACOUSTIC SPACE IS ORGANIC”: Playboy interview, March 1969, in Essential McLuhan, 240. ♦ “MEN LIVED UPON
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), 14. ♦ “TO WHICH RESULT THAT HORRIBLE MASS OF BOOKS”: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Leibniz Selections, ed. Philip P. Wiener (New York: Scribner’s, 1951), 29; cf. Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), 254. ♦ “THOSE DAYS, WHEN (AFTER PROVIDENCE”: Alexander Pope, The Dunciad (1729) (London: Methuen, 1943), 41. ♦ “KNOWLEDGE
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, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000), 119. ♦ “WE ARE TODAY AS FAR INTO THE ELECTRIC AGE”: Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), 1. ♦ “TODAY … WE HAVE EXTENDED OUR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS”: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), 3. ♦ “WHAT WHISPERS ARE THESE
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, Netherlands: Kluwer, 2000. Gell-Mann, Murray, and Seth Lloyd. “Information Measures, Effective Complexity, and Total Information.” Complexity 2, no. 1 (1996): 44–52. Genosko, Gary. Marshall McLuhan: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge, 2005. Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. “The Historiographic Conceptualization of Information: A Critical Survey.” Annals of the History
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A. “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information.” Psychological Review 63 (1956): 81–97. Miller, Jonathan. Marshall McLuhan. New York: Viking, 1971. ———. States of Mind. New York: Pantheon, 1983. Millman, S., ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System: Communications
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of Quantum Information Processing.” Computer 33 (2000): 38–45. Stein, Gabriele. The English Dictionary Before Cawdrey. Tübingen, Germany: Max Neimeyer, 1985. Steiner, George. “On Reading Marshall McLuhan.” In Language and Silence: Essays on Language, Literature, and the Inhuman, 251–68. New York: Atheneum, 1967. Stent, Gunther S. “That Was the Molecular Biology
by Fred Turner · 31 Aug 2006 · 339pp · 57,031 words
as a whole, as well as the political process that brought it into being, hippies from Manhattan to HaightAshbury read Norbert Wiener, Buckminster Fuller, and Marshall McLuhan. Introduction [ 5 ] Through their writings, young Americans encountered a cybernetic vision of the world, one in which material reality could be imagined as an information
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Cage and Robert Rauschenberg, embraced the systems orientation and even the engineers of the military-industrial research establishment. Together they read Norbert Wiener and, later, Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller; across the late 1950s and well into the 1960s, they made those writings models for their work. At the same time, both
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a commune, USCO was more than a performance team. It was a social system unto itself. Through it, Brand encountered the works of Norbert Wiener, Marshall McLuhan, and Buckminster Fuller—all of whom would become key influences on the Whole Earth community—and began to imagine a new synthesis of cybernetic theory
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to spiritual meditation.”19 In the final moments, the audience was to experience the mystical unity that ostensibly bound together USCO’s members. Comprehensive Designers: Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller By the mid-1960s, USCO’s performances marked the cutting edge of countercultural art. USCO had built multimedia backdrops for talks by
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Timothy Leary (whose Millbrook, New York, mansion received regular visits from USCO members) and Marshall McLuhan. In 1966 they supplied multimedia designs for Murray the K’s World—a huge discotheque created within an abandoned airplane hangar—that appeared on the
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of everyday life and to new electronic communication technologies. These turns grew in large part out of USCO’s engagement with the technocentric visions of Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller. Each of these theorists depicted technology as a tool for social transformation. At the same time, both turned their backs on the
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Brand both ways of imagining technology as a source of social transformation and living models of how to become a cultural entrepreneur. By the time Marshall McLuhan came to the attention of the artists in USCO, he had been a professor of English literature, primarily at the University of Toronto, for nearly
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Whole Earth network for years after that. But in the early 1960s, the linking of the global and the local helped account for much of Marshall McLuhan’s appeal within the emerging counterculture. McLuhan’s simultaneous celebration of new media and tribal social forms allowed people like Stewart Brand to imagine technology
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ITCHY BOOTS SITTING AROUND IN ONE PLACE VERY LONG.”37 Grafted onto the historical figure of the American cowboy, this new “Cowboy Nomad” is part Marshall McLuhan and part Ken Kesey. He roams, but he takes his electronic (and psychedelic) technology with him. He can’t bear the commercial American landscape or
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offer. Mobile, wealthy, handsome, completely networked in both the technological and the political sense, Negroponte was a new kind of man. As an echo of Marshall McLuhan, though, he was also the reincarnation of an earlier generation of hero. Like the Media Lab he headed, Negroponte was the living bridge between the
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group of like-minded friends into a loose confederation they called the Freedom Conspiracy. He read psychologist Wilhelm Reich’s calls for sexual freedom and Marshall McLuhan’s multimedia collage books, and at the same time discovered Ayn Rand. In his senior year, he wrote a long paper on the libertarian stream
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’s good friends Wyndham Lewis and the anthropologist Edmund Carpenter. For insights into McLuhan’s intellectual biography, see Marchand, Marshall McLuhan; Gordon, Marshall McLuhan; Theall, Virtual Marshall McLuhan; Stamps, Unthinking Modernity; Horrocks, Marshall McLuhan and Virtuality. 22. Theall, Virtual Marshall McLuhan, 30. 23. McLuhan, Gutenberg Galaxy, 252, 31; McLuhan, Understanding Media, 3. 24. At several points in his writing, McLuhan
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the ‘New Economy’ Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 4 (2000): 49 –74. Gordon, W. Terrence. Marshall McLuhan: Escape into Understanding: A Biography. New York: Basic Books, 1997. Gosse, Van. “A Movement of Movements: The Definition and Periodization of the New Left.” In
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Hacking a Crime?” Harper’s Magazine, March 1990. Holloway, Mark. Heavens on Earth: Utopian Communities in America, 1680 –1880. New York: Dover, 1966. Horrocks, Christopher. Marshall McLuhan and Virtuality. Cambridge: Icon Books, 2000. Houriet, Robert. Getting Back Together. New York: Coward McCann and Geoghegan, 1971. Hughes, Thomas Park. Rescuing Prometheus. New York
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: MIT Press, 2001. Marable, Manning. Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945–1982. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1984. Marchand, Philip. Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger. New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989. Markoff, John. What the Dormouse Said . . . How the 60s Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer
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the Information Age. London: Pluto Press, 2004. Tetzeli, Rick. “Managing in a World Out of Control.” Fortune, September 5, 1994. Theall, Donald F. The Virtual Marshall McLuhan. Montreal: McGill–Queen’s University Press, 2001. Thrift, Nigel. “‘It’s the Romance Not the Finance That Makes Business Worth Pursuing’: Disclosing a New Market
by Giles Slade · 14 Apr 2006 · 384pp · 89,250 words
book, The Hidden Persuaders, in 1957, which revealed how advertisers relied on motivational research to manipulate potential buyers. Others, including Norman Cousins, John Kenneth Galbraith, Marshall McLuhan, Archibald MacLeish, and Victor Papanek, would follow Packard’s lead in pointing out how the media create artificia needs within vulnerable consumers.The sheer volume
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, there was renewed determination to create an international forum stronger and more effective than the League of Nations had been between the wars. Decades before Marshall McLuhan coined the phrase “global village,” Cousins clearly understood the planetary implications of the previous years of confli t: “The world has at last become a
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the Soviets. It challenged head-on two of the most basic premises of American ideology: technological superiority and the economic prosperity it supposedly fostered. As Marshall McLuhan would later observe, “The firs sputnik . . . was a witty taunting of the capitalist world by means of a new kind of technological image or icon
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quasi–public intellectual, Packard hastily constructed books that would prefigu e popular works by Rachel Carson, Betty Friedan, John Kenneth Galbraith, Jules Henry, Christopher Lasch, Marshall McLuhan, and Ralph Nader. Packard was the firs writer to catch this wave. In just three years, he produced three nonfi tion bestsellers in a row
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DDB put on psychological obsolescence through their VW ads at the very beginning of the 1960s has been with us ever since. THEODORE LEVITT AND MARSHALL MCLUHAN Bernbach was not the only 1960s marketing genius who was obsessed with obsolescence. Fascinated by the economic theories of Joseph Schumpeter and Peter F. Drucker
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for disassembly” or “green design.” The attraction of obsolescence as a topic of discussion led to one of the oddest phenomena of the 1960s: Herbert Marshall McLuhan. Patience, or impatience, but above all interest on the part of New York’s advertising, artistic, business, educational, electronic, and media leaders turned this Canadian
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Thomas E. Bonsall, Disaster in Dearborn: The Story of the Edsel (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002), esp. chap. 12, “Why the Edsel Failed.” 16. Herbert Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), p. 338. 17. George Nelson, “Obsolescence,” Industrial Design, 3, no. 6 (December 1956): 81
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impetus behind the life cycle examinations of beverage containers in many nations over the next few years. 62. McLuhan, Understanding Media, p. 24. 63. Herbert Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), p. 24. 64. Ibid., pp. 185,42. 65. McLuhan, Understanding Media, p. 230. 66. Ibid., p
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Brenda Laurel, ed., The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design (New York: Addison Wesley, 1990), p. 189. Johnson, Interface Culture, p. 50. 53. Ibid. Herbert Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York: McGraw Hill, 1964), p. 24. 54. Herz, Joystick Nation, pp. 5–8. 55. Scott Cohen, Zap! The
by Manuel Castells · 31 Aug 1996 · 843pp · 223,858 words
dominated by the typographic mind and the phonetic alphabet order.18 For all his critics (generally turned off by the obscurity of his mosaic language), Marshall McLuhan struck a universal chord when, in all simplicity, he declared that the “medium is the message”: The mode of TV image has nothing in common
by Michael Harris · 6 Aug 2014 · 259pp · 73,193 words
to the printing press to Twitter—is as much an opportunity to be drawn away from something as it is to be drawn toward something. Marshall McLuhan wrote in Understanding Media that “a new medium is never an addition to an old one, nor does it leave the old one in peace
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designed to deal with such a profoundly unnatural technology. Our devotion to reading feels wholesome, natural, but is in fact a wonderful kind of brainwashing. Marshall McLuhan, having fewer brain scans in his arsenal than Gopnik, speaks in more obscure terms when analyzing the fallout of the printing press. For him, printed
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earlier conception of reality that had its own value. We see more, yet our vision is blurred; we feel more things, yet we are numbed. Marshall McLuhan argues that whenever we amplify some part of our experience with a given technology, we necessarily distance ourselves from it, too. (A friend of mine
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view of things. They cut away the “haptic” symphony of senses and perceptions that make up real, lived interaction. The smell of fresh soap, say. Marshall McLuhan, in The Gutenberg Galaxy, writes about the garden of senses that we gave up in order to focus on the purely visual business of reading
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massive translation. We are the few translators of Before and After. It’s a privileged thing to be a translator, but not an easy thing. Marshall McLuhan foretold our discomfort: Those who experience the first onset of a new technology, whether it be alphabet or radio, respond most emphatically because the new
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machine itself: Stephan Füssel, “Gutenberg and Today’s Media Change,” Publishing Research Quarterly 16, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 3–10. “a new medium is never”: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (Berkeley, Calif.: Gingko Press, 2003), 237. “I can only describe it personally”: Alberto Manguel, interview with author, April 29
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Way You Think?: The Net’s Impact on Our Minds and Future (New York: Harper Perennial, 2011), 271. “For the most obvious character of print”: Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), 40. “The eye speeded up”: Ibid., 50. “shrill and expansive individualism”: Ibid., 18. On returning to
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-climb. “school was an invention of the printing press”: Neil Postman, Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology (New York: Vintage, 1993), 10. Marshall McLuhan argues that whenever we amplify: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, (Berkeley, Calif.: Ginkgo Press, 2003), 63–70. “Welcome to a world through glass”: “What It Does
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Second Sex (New York: Knopf, 1953), 658. Mobile users check their PlentyofFish: Markus Frind, interview with author, July 31, 2013. Marshall McLuhan, in The Gutenberg Galaxy, writes about the garden of senses: Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), 21. PlentyofFish is especially solicitous: Markus Frind, interview with author, July
by Neil Postman and Jeff Riggenbach Ph. · 1 Apr 2013 · 204pp · 61,491 words
that Postman has laid down and, so far as I can see, an irrefutable one.” —Jonathan Yardley, The Washington Post Book World “He starts where Marshall McLuhan left off, constructing his arguments with the resources of a scholar and the wit of a raconteur.” —The Christian Science Monitor “This comes along at
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else that comprises public business must change and be recast in terms that are most suitable to television. If all of this sounds suspiciously like Marshall McLuhan’s aphorism, the medium is the message, I will not disavow the association (although it is fashionable to do so among respectable scholars who, were
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changes in their cognitive capacities. There are some who make this claim, or come close to it (for example, Jerome Bruner, Jack Goody, Walter Ong, Marshall McLuhan, Julian Jaynes, and Eric Havelock). 7 I am inclined to think they are right, but my argument does not require it. Therefore, I will not
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of television to ridicule the hope harbored by some that television can be used to support the literate tradition. Such a hope represents exactly what Marshall McLuhan used to call “rear-view mirror” thinking: the assumption that a new medium is merely an extension or amplification of an older one; that an
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watching, so it is best not to be wildly offensive. For another, haters with reddened faces and demonic gestures merely look foolish on television, as Marshall McLuhan observed years ago and Senator Joseph McCarthy learned to his dismay. Television favors moods of conciliation and is at its best when substance of any
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is happening now, in America, as a result of the electronic revolution, particularly the invention of television. To understand what this means, we must read Marshall McLuhan. We face the rapid dissolution of the assumptions of an education organized around the slow-moving printed word, and the equally rapid emergence of a
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excessively dangerous if its users understand what its dangers are. It is not important that those who ask the questions arrive at my answers or Marshall McLuhan’s (quite different answers, by the way). This is an instance in which the asking of the questions is sufficient. To ask is to break
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hallucinogenic image, and took up the right hemispheric function of sorting out and fitting together data. Walter Ong, in The Presence of the Word, and Marshall McLuhan, in Understanding Media, stress media’s effects on the variations in the ratio and balance among the senses. One might add that as early as
by Byrne Hobart and Tobias Huber · 29 Oct 2024 · 292pp · 106,826 words
Wilson, CTheory 21 (1994), https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ctheory/article/view/14355/5131. 391 The eminent philosopher of media and self-described “apocalypticist” Marshall McLuhan condemns electronic media as the apotheosis of the Antichrist because it produces a “demonic simulacrum” of the mystical body of Christ. “Electric information environments being
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of absorption in the Logos that could… create a perpetuity of collective harmony and peace.” Letters of Marshall McLuhan, eds. Matie Molinaro, Corinne McLuhan, and William Toye (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987); McLuhan, “The Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan,” Playboy, March 1969. 392 Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, 572. 393 Noble, The Religion
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on the Electronic Frontier: Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace, edited by Peter Ludlow. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992. McLuhan, Marshall. “The Playboy Interview: Marshall McLuhan.” Playboy, March 1969. McLuhan, Marshall. Letters of Marshall McLuhan, edited by Molinaro, Matie, Corinne McLuhan, and William Toye. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Moltmann, Jürgen. The Coming of God: Christian
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