Mount Scopus

The Battle for Jerusalem, June 5-7, 1967

by Abraham Rabinovich  · 1 Jan 1987

the fence to accept the good wishes of family and friends on the other side.) The greatest anomaly of all was the Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus on the Jordanian side of the city. During mandatory times, the two best-endowed Jewish institutions in Palestine—Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University—had been

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, particularly as they started to climb through the Sheikh Jarrah Quarter, where a convoy of buses and ambulances on its way to Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus in 1948 had been ambushed, resulting in more than seventy dead. The soldiers would have felt somewhat better had they known that under their seats

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new facilities in Jewish Jerusalem.) 䊏 On the entire Israeli Central Front that General Narkiss commanded —an area stretching almost from Haifa to Beersheba—it was Mount Scopus that concerned him most as the post-Independence Day tension mounted. Narkiss was confident that the Jerusalem Brigade could hold off any attack the Arabs

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Jerusalem. Civilian males could be seen in abundance there, in contrast to the Israeli side. Waiters hovering over tables in the dining room of the Mount Scopus Hotel, on the approaches to the hill, seemed to indicate that there was still tourist traffic. At night the lights leading into the Jordanian half

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with a swagger stick under his arm directed the work. Another Jordanian unit was digging trenches on French Hill, which covered the northern approach of Mount Scopus. At Abu Tor, on the southern part of the line, Jordanian soldiers could be heard digging trenches around their blockhouses. From his observation post Private

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Valley of the Cross, Rabin —to the surprise of the Jerusalem artillery commander—asked to see the barrage plans that had been prepared to defend Mount Scopus against attacks from a number of possible directions. The shelling would have to be accurate and precisely timed, since a single three-minute barrage would

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in West Jerusalem a few hours after the shooting started and in Tel Aviv a few hours after that. Those who spoke Arabic in the Mount Scopus garrison could hear preachers exhorting over loudspeakers from nearby mosques to “slaughter and kill.” In quieter moments, however, less sanguine visions sometimes intruded upon the

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which Government House was located. The report was repeated in an English-language broadcast from Cairo, but this time the Jordanians claimed to have captured Mount Scopus. The text of the broadcast was passed on to Narkiss, who was galvanized by its implications. He telephoned Amitai to ask whether there had been

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any move against either Government House Hill or Mount Scopus 4 kilometers away. Amitai checked with the Scopus commander. Major Scharfmann reported being shelled but said there was no sign yet that the Jordanians were

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. If the Arabs had announced the capture of Government House and executed it, then Israel had to assume that the announcement of the capture of Mount Scopus was a statement of intent. If that was the case, the static exchange of fire would shortly give way to a war of movement. The

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. << Chapter >> Home | TOC | Index Armored Attack 141 Narkiss passed on to Dayan Ben-Ari’s request to attack without halting. “If there is danger to Mount Scopus,” said Dayan, “act as you think best.” Conditional though that remark was, Narkiss had his authorization. The shortest route to Scopus was the wadi between

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. Stopping by Central Command headquarters at 3:05 P.M. on his way up to Jerusalem, he learned that his mission would not be defensive. “Mount Scopus is in danger,” Narkiss told him. “Your job is to link up with it. But remember the Old City. You will have to bear right

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been a measured response to military developments—subduing enemy fire, driving an invading force back from Government House, deploying to meet the perceived threat to Mount Scopus. Narkiss’s instinctive reference to the Old City in what had been intended as a briefing on the Scopus mission reflected the enclave’s role

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undertake the northern breakthrough, taking the Police School and Ammunition Hill, then moving on to clear the Sheikh Jarrah residential quarter at the foot of Mount Scopus. Eilam’s battalion, the 71st, would break through the Mandelbaum Gate area and clear Wadi Joz, the central gulley << Chapter >> Home | TOC | Index The Battle

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he had just spelled out to his officers. Only one of his three brigades, the 66th, would execute the “official” mission of linking up with Mount Scopus by breaking through at the Police School. The other two would break through further south and position themselves for a followup attack on the Old

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City. Gur looked at the general for his reaction. “Approved,” said Narkiss. His fellow Jerusalemite had fully understood that Mount Scopus was the route they were taking to the Temple Mount. 䊏 All day Monday two platoons of Jerusalem Brigade tanks had remained immobile in the Jerusalem

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of the battles that had been fought around it in 1948, when the Israelis had failed in their attempt to keep a corridor open to Mount Scopus. Even though it was now an UNWRA << Chapter >> Home | TOC | Index The Battle for Jerusalem 186 headquarters, Jordanian soldiers had taken up positions in it

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the retreat. Israeli jets rocketed them as they descended. Several Pattons did not retreat. They were to be spotted later near French Hill moving toward Mount Scopus. It was more than an hour before Ben-Ari arrived with the rest of the brigade. The brigade commander had remained on the Castel during

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were led to the basement. Upstairs, Captain Ashkenazi’s men exchanged shots from the windows with snipers around the hotel, including some in the nearby Mount Scopus Hotel. One hidden rifleman on the south side of the building wounded several paratroopers, and the company commander told his men to stay away from

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. Major Mor, deputy commander of the 66th Battalion, was quickly located. “We need a security detail,” said Narkiss. “Where are we going?” Mor asked. “To Mount Scopus,” Narkiss said. Mor pointed out that the road to Scopus hadn’t been cleared yet. “You clear it,” replied Narkiss. A kilometer separated the most

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, a substantial part of the brigade’s combat strength. The 66th Battalion, two of its companies ripped on Ammunition Hill, waited on the approaches to Mount Scopus. Gur had decided not to attempt a physical link-up with the Scopus garrison at this stage, since this would have meant leaving the shelter

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the East Bank, but this was without confirmation, he stressed. Gur decided to attack the ridge from the bottom rather than along the ridge from Mount Scopus, which was separated from the Jordanian lines by thick mine fields. The 71st Battalion would assault the heights on foot with the assistance of Yeshaya

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UNWRA building—the so-called Police School—next to Ammunition Hill. As his forces were getting into position, Gur was contacted by Major Scharfmann on Mount Scopus reporting the lights of sixteen vehicles behind Augusta Victoria. “We had not seen them before.” There was no sound of tank treads, and the lights

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battalion of tanks and forces from the 27th Infantry Brigade had been ordered to Jerusalem. The lights of an approaching force had been seen from Mount Scopus and Abu Tor. Gur decided to wait for the Jordanian tanks in the builtup area rather than on the open slope. The battalion commanders were

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that quickly turned oily black. The planes threw themselves flat against the sky and came in again for strafing runs. A soldier looking up at Mount Scopus was surprised to see a lively fire being directed at Augusta Victoria from the enclave by at least two recoilless rifles. He had not imagined

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dead to the ground. Eilat put another shell into the Jordanian firing hole, finally silencing it. 䊏 General Narkiss was with his forward command group atop Mount Scopus when he heard Gur on the radio preparing to enter Lion’s Gate. << Chapter >> Home | TOC | Index The Battle for Jerusalem 370 He ordered his

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on a summer afternoon without anyone intending it to as Israel crossed the border to silence the Jordanian guns and forestall an anticipated attack on Mount Scopus. Now, with the remnants of the Jordanian army pulling back across the Jordan River, the logic of events was inexorably pulling Israel into occupation of

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, 395, 396 in attack on Sur Bahir, 121–127 in capture of Hebron, 401 in counterattack on Government House, 107–121 on link-up with Mount Scopus, 172–173 postwar activities of, 408 plan of, for attack on Old City, 182 to destroy reputation of Jordanian army, 121 Ammunition Hill, 145, 146

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, 111, 138–139 and West Bank occupation, 397–399 appointment of, as defense minister, 55–57 at link-up with Mount Scopus, 297–300 at Western Wall, 389 authorization of, for advance on Mount Scopus, 141 consideration of, as defense minister, 53 first press conference of, 65 in Sinai Campaign, 146 position of, on

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–187, 190 in capture of Augusta Victoria Hospital, 345–346, 352, 354 in capture of Rockefeller Museum, 277, 281–282, 286 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 146–148 in mop-up of Old City, 369, 379 French Hill, 301, 357 Frescht, Monsignor Abrahamo, 395 Friedman, Lt. Morty, 263–264, 268, 270

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Old City, 360–361, 364– 366, 369–370, 377–378 in capture of Police School, 195 Gur, Col. Mordecai (Motta) (continued) in link-up with Mount Scopus, 142– 149, 172–173, 177–180 in Sinai campaign, 332 plan of, for attacks on Old City, 178– 180, 186, 189–190, 191, 330– 331

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, 10 diversity of, 34–35 egalitarian nature of, 34–35, 390 evacuation of headquarters of, 90 final mobilization of, 79–82 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 178–179 in link-up with Southern Command, 401 mobilization of, 17–20, 31–46 postwar activities of, 408–410 reconnaissance company of. See Jerusalem

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. See also Hussein, King. and Jerusalem Corridor, 10–11 and loss of West Bank, 325–327 and momentum toward war, 6–7, 25, 27 and Mount Scopus convoys, 11–13 and neutrality offer, 77 and UN request for cease-fire, 107, 110–111, 138–139 as unready for war, 57, 65 defense

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, 393 Monastery of the Holy Cross, 35, 171 Mor, Maj. Doron, 189, 203,216, 224, 228–229, 351, 358–359, 407 at link-up with Mount Scopus, 298 Motza, 149 Mount of Olives, 242, 246, 333, 352. See also Augusta Victoria Hospital. attack on, preparations for, 300, 331 shelling of, 335, 343

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Mount Scopus, as way station to Temple Mount, 144, 178 as demilitarized zone, 11 convoys to, 11–13, 61 Mount Scopus (continued) Gen. Narkiss prepares for attack on, 13–15 in attack on Augusta Victoria, 357–359 Jordanian

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claims to capture of, 135– 136, 138 link-up with, 297–300 shelling of, 297 strategic importance of, 137–138 Mount Scopus Hotel, 295 Mount Zion, 109, 314, 400 fighting begins at, 87 in War of Independence, 136–137 tactical balance on, prewar, 30 Mualem, Cpl, 270

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Augusta Victoria Hospital, 344–346, 351–360 in capture of Old City, 178–192, 360– 368 mop-up after, 378–389 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 142– 149, 172–173, 177–192, 287– 300 positions after, 317, 328 mobilization of, 18–20, 68–69 postwar activities of, 406–408 preparations of

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– 276 in capture of Old City, 178–192, 360–368, 378–389 in capture of Rockefeller Museum, 262–263, 277–286 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 142– 149, 172–173, 177–192 in mop-up in Jordanian Jerusalem, 317–320 66th Battalion of, 144, 146–148, 238, 240, 257, 317 in

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, 144, 146–148, 317 in attack on Augusta Victoria, 331 in breakthrough to Nablus Road, 231–257, 259–360, 261–262 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 147– 148 Paratroop reconnaissance unit (Kapusta), 155 Paratroopers, background of, 42 Patinkin, Don, 168 Patton tanks, training with, 46 Paz, Cpl. Zvi, 32, 102–104

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on Jericho, 397–398 in attack on Latrun, 134–154, 173– 178, 191 in attack on Tel-el-Foul, 287–291 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 287– 300 mobilization of, 44, 46 postwar activities of, 410–411 Jerusalem, advance of, on Nablus Road, 265–267, 268–270, 273, 275 entering of

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, 340–343, 346–348, 353, 356–360 in attack on Sur Bahir, 121–128 in counterattack on Government House, 107–121 in link-up with Mount Scopus, 287– 300 mobilization of, 7, 21, 37 on Ramallah Road, 291–292 postwar activities of, 409 Jordanian, misuse of, 325–326 Tel Aviv, 9, 107

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, 349 as factor in Jordanian strategy, 327 forces of, withdrawal of from EgyptIsrael border, 6–7 Government House compound of. See Government House. monitoring of Mount Scopus convoys by, 11–13 United Nations Relief and Works Agency, 31 headquarters of. See Police School. Valley of the Cross, 171, 356 Vaux, Père de

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, 55, 129–130, 131, 157–158 Weintraub, Sgt. Zvi, 357 Weiss, Itzak, 387 Weízmann, Gen. Ezer, as replacement for Rabin, 27 at link-up with Mount Scopus, 297–299 on rout of Egyptian air force, 63 West Bank, advance to, 395–399 decision to take, 138–139 Jordanian loss of, causes of

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Harel Brigade tanks speeding from coastal plain toward Jerusalem early on afternoon of June 5. General Uzi Narkiss relied on these outdated Shermans to save Mount Scopus from Jordanian Pattons approaching from Jericho. (Israel Government Press Office) << Chapter >> Home | TOC | Index General Uzi Narkiss. (Israel Government Press Office) Smoke still drifts from

The Intern Blues: The Timeless Classic About the Making of a Doctor

by Robert Marion  · 1 Jan 1989  · 443pp  · 153,085 words

’s sunny, and that’s bad. But probably my single worst night was a Friday in February. I was working on the Infants’ Unit at Mount Scopus, and that morning, a ten-month-old baby came in who we thought might have a septic hip [an infection of the hip joint; a

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of wasted time, that’s pretty sad. And finally, after all these emotions and worries, it started. I was on call on Saturday in the Mount Scopus emergency room. Once the day began, it really wasn’t so bad. There was just a resident and me. My first case was a little

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get really pissed off about working in the West Bronx emergency room [West Bronx, also referred to as WBH, is a municipal hospital adjacent to Mount Scopus]. I was drawing blood today from a four-year-old and I had to stick him three times because he kept pulling his arm away

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feel comfortable, one of the chief residents came up to me and said they’d decided to transfer me to the Children’s ward at Mount Scopus. I told her I didn’t want to go, that I was having a really good time on 6A. She said she was sorry but

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had to move over to a completely different ward in a completely different hospital, pick up a whole new group of patients, learn where the Mount Scopus labs are and where the forms are kept, and I have to meet a whole new group of nurses and probably go through another night

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and started moving toward the elevator. At that point, we all moved in. Someone called security stat [immediately], and within a minute a phalanx of Mount Scopus’s finest emerged from the elevator bank and we had a standoff. The mother held on to the kid tight and shouted, “I don’t

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Westchester County. University Hospital is located about a half mile south of Jonas Bronck. “The west campus” is also made up of two hospitals: the Mount Scopus Medical Center, a huge voluntary hospital that, like University Hospital, serves as a base for subspecialists; and the West Bronx Hospital, sometimes referred to as

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that, like Jonas Bronck, provides all medical services for the indigent families of the western region of the borough. Mount Scopus and West Bronx are literally attached to each other. Although the Mount Scopus–WBH complex is immense, filling four square city blocks, the pediatric services in the two hospitals are adjacent to each

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transplant patients, the craniofacial cases and the weird metabolic diseases, all of the rarer medical and surgical problem patients who wind up being referred to Mount Scopus and University Hospital, the voluntary hospitals in which the subspecialists lurk. So when a resident finishes three years in the Bronx, it can safely be

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a half, and she’d lived for four months right on the edge between life and death. We called a CAC [West Bronx’s and Mount Scopus’s term for cardiac arrest; literally, “clear all corridors”; also called a “code”]. I pumped on her little chest for about half an hour while

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the hours I’ve been able to keep at University Hospital. Mark AUGUST 1985 Sunday, August 4, 1985 I started on Infants’ [a ward at Mount Scopus Hospital] last Monday and so far this place makes Children’s look like an amusement park! I was on yesterday; I worked my ass off

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all his care at another hospital but she doesn’t remember the name of either the hospital or the doctor. She said she came to Mount Scopus this time because that other place had the kid for all those months and they couldn’t do anything to make him better, so she

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, but I just don’t know whether it was worth the price I had to pay. And now I’m on the Adolescent floor at Mount Scopus. I’ve been told it’s easy street, but I don’t totally agree. Life is certainly better, though. The veins of these kids look

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and fifty thousandth time for dinner tonight. Seems that’s all I ever eat around here, pizza. Missed the shuttle [the bus that travels between Mount Scopus, Jonas Bronck, and University Hospital], had to take a cab home, and got a free, unguided tour of the Bronx, because they always take some

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timing because my parents are here this weekend, they came down on Saturday. So it was great. I just came back from medical records at Mount Scopus. I had a lot of charts to complete and I had to go over today because they were threatening to withhold my paycheck if I

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doesn’t look like that’s going to happen. I finally got away from Barry Bresnan, but I wound up on the Adolescents ward at Mount Scopus, and it’s been terrible. I’m tired, and I’m fed up. I need a vacation. I have one coming up at the end

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poor-prognosis group for everything—age, sex, race, you name it. He only stayed at Jonas Bronck overnight. On Tuesday we shipped him over to Mount Scopus, where he’ll get started on a chemotherapy protocol. Next, I admitted this eight-year-old who had had ALL diagnosed six years ago. He

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had developed diarrhea again. I asked his mother why she didn’t bring him back to Mount Scopus since, after all, all his records are there, and she said, “I don’t like those doctors at Mount Scopus. They don’t know nothing. They’re all a pain in the ass.” I guess she

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Jonas Bronck because she wanted a second opinion. Very smart! Anyway, I figured I should try to get some history on his last days at Mount Scopus, so today I got in touch with Jennifer Urzo, the intern who discharged him from Infants’. I said, “I just admitted Hanson,” and I could

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officers who don’t have “significant others.” During the middle of this month, I went to the Recovery Room, a bar across the street from Mount Scopus, with some of the senior residents. Ben King told me he was a little upset because he was planning to go to his ex-girlfriend

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possible. So without losing a minute, I got into my car and headed back to the Bronx. Andy lives on the twentieth floor of the Mount Scopus apartment tower. He has a studio apartment with a terrific view. From the balcony, looking east, you can see parts of the Bronx, City Island

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incredibly stressed out. I’m in OPD [the Outpatient Department] now on the Jonas Bronck side, although I spend two days a week here at Mount Scopus for clinic. I’ve been on call it seems like an inordinate number of times already in the past week; I’ve already done two

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sealed, and that’s it! That’s it; we’re going back. Last Friday was a horrendous day. I started working at my clinic at Mount Scopus at nine o’clock, and I began the day with a child-abuse case. A patient who requested me because they had seen me in

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knew it, it was time to pack up, get on the plane, and come back to work. I’ve been working in the OPD at Mount Scopus. Things have been quiet. I’ve been getting out between twelve and one on the nights I’ve been on call. Things would be perfect

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’t such a good idea. The problem is, I don’t know what I can do about it now. I’m doing Children’s at Mount Scopus this month. It was good to get out of the Jonas Bronck ER. The actual work there isn’t so bad; it’s just that

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the kids who come in, like that sexually abused girl. Seeing kids like that every day gets to be too much pretty quickly. Coming to Mount Scopus isn’t great either. It seems like everybody has an attitude, all the nurses and the clerks. They all seem to resent having us around

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addict. Turn a five-year-old into a drug addict? That’s a lot of nonsense. But that’s the way things are done at Mount Scopus, and there’s nothing you can do to change it. There aren’t a lot of patients on the ward right now, and most of

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the ones who are there are just post-op cleft lips and palates [Mount Scopus has a large craniofacial center]. We do have a couple of fairly sick patients, and one of them is mine. She’s a really sad

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1985 Tuesday, December 3, 1985 Well, I finally figured out how they decide what ward a kid’ll go to when he gets admitted to Mount Scopus. If he still sleeps in a crib, they put him on Infants’; if he’s out of the crib but hasn’t committed any violent

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it myself, and I’ve been doing this for six months now. I got on the elevator in the DTC building [the clinic building at Mount Scopus] the other day and the elevator stopped at one of the adult floors. This middle-aged man came on with these two middle-aged women

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. Nothing seems right. I heard that Angela died a little over a week ago. She spent her last couple of weeks in the ICU at Mount Scopus, comatose. I never thought there’d be so many deaths in a pediatric internship! Anyway, I’ve got to go to sleep. I’m getting

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to the psych emergency room in handcuffs. She was ultimately admitted to Bronx State Psychiatric Hospital. Andy, who was working on the Infants’ ward at Mount Scopus, was relieved to hear this news, to say the least. He went home that night and had his first good night’s sleep in weeks

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and at that point she hated being in the Jonas Bronck ER. And then one day I was seeing a patient in my clinic at Mount Scopus and I walked out of the examining room and there she was, there was Eve, whom everybody else loved and I hated. We were standing

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I’ll ever be in Jonas Bronck.” (My schedule at that time had been set so that I spend the rest of the year at Mount Scopus.) And they said, “What are you talking about? You’ll be back next year.” I said, “No, I won’t.” And they all said how

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much they’ll miss me and stuff. It was very nice. Very nice and very sad. I just finished my month in the ICU at Mount Scopus. It was a terrific month. We had a great team: Alex George was the attending, Diane Rogers was the senior resident, Terry Tanner was the

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. I never really wrote very good notes in the first place; in fact, my progress notes have been voted among the worst ever seen at Mount Scopus Hospital. Recently, no one’s been able to read any of them. But at least they used to be short. Now, because of all the

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afternoon and I didn’t want to have to come back to the unit again after clinic was over. So I got to clinic at Mount Scopus at about two and I got home a little while ago, at about six. A typical thirty-four-hour day; at least I got one

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look ahead. In just a couple of days I’ll be done with the NICU, and then I’ve got a month in OPD at Mount Scopus, two weeks of vacation, and two more weeks of OPD after that. Every month so far there have been a lot of bad memories, but

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ultimately written. Actual orders stating that a specific patient should not be resuscitated in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest are new at Mount Scopus Hospital. Prior to the time that the present interns began their year, plans for patients who had no chance of survival were formulated through conversations

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mental and emotional stress and anxiety. Andy MARCH 1986 Tuesday, March 11, 1986 For the past two weeks I’ve been in the OPD at Mount Scopus and West Bronx. It really hasn’t been too bad. I’ve come to realize that I’ve had to start acting more like a

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at it so far. I guess this is how you learn to become a resident. The other night in the Mount Scopus ER was memorable. It was my last official night in the Mount Scopus ER. I was supposed to have another whole month of OPD on the west campus, but I switched to

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“tight.”] We had to intubate her in the ER. I didn’t get out of there until 3:00 A.M., which is late for Mount Scopus. Karen left a couple of weeks ago after nearly two months of that subinternship she was doing. It was sad taking her to the airport

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die because of it. At this moment, there are currently ten to twenty children with AIDS and the AIDS-related complex hospitalized in Jonas Bronck, Mount Scopus, University, and West Bronx hospitals. These children are in the hospital for one of two reasons. Some are critically ill; these patients have serious infections

Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

by Michael B. Oren  · 2 Jun 2003  · 687pp  · 209,474 words

the Jordanians,” Dayan ordered. “You mustn’t bother the general staff with requests for help.” “And if the Jordanians attack us without provocation and take Mount Scopus?” “In that case, bite your lip and hold the line,” came Dayan’s reply. “Within a week we’ll get to the Canal and to

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in the West Bank. With the opening of battle, a four-pronged assault would be launched on Israeli positions north and south of Jerusalem—on Mount Scopus, Government House ridge, and around the Latrun corridor. Jordanian forces were to “destroy all buildings and kill everyone present” in these areas, including civilians. Jordanian

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-arms fire occasionally burst from Jordanian positions, the Israelis were under strict orders to ignore them. The IDF also cancelled the bi-weekly convoy to Mount Scopus, together with a number of training exercises. “Standing guard, we even took the magazines out of our Uzis,” Yoram Galon, a reservist serving in Jerusalem

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, including the Lakhish settlements and the Jerusalem suburb of Mevasseret Zion. Narkiss’s greatest fear, however, centered on the small (one-mile-square) enclave of Mount Scopus. Dominating Jerusalem’s highest hill, enclosing the buildings of the Hadassah hospital and Hebrew University that had stood dormant since 1948

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, Mount Scopus was defended by a UN-monitored garrison of eighty-five policemen and thirty-three civilians. Though Israel had succeeded in smuggling some heavy arms into

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to attack, both from the Mount of Olives to the east and to the north, from the West Bank city of Ramallah. The fall of Mount Scopus would not only deal a tremendous blow to Israeli prestige—“No conquest in Sinai could make up for it,” Narkiss warned—but would enable the

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were informed that the time had come to fight. “The reserve ammunition was dispersed,” attested Gen. Ma‘an Abu Nawwar, commander of the positions abutting Mount Scopus. “All the machinegun belts were loaded, the shells primed.” King Hussein showed no consternation when, at 8:50, his aide-de-camp, Col. Ghazi, interrupted

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, most vociferously ‘Atif al-Majali, who stressed that neither artillery nor armor was available to support an assault on Government House ridge. Better to take Mount Scopus immediately, he argued, and implement Operation Tariq. Harsh words were exchanged—al-Majali stormed out—but in the end Riyad’s word proved final. Hussein

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couldn’t fire, recoilless rifles couldn’t move around for fear of provoking the Jordanians. We wanted them to be quiet.” Though increasingly anxious about Mount Scopus, Narkiss adhered strictly to Dayan’s instructions to avoid any provocation of Jordan. Even when, at 10:30, Jordan Radio announced that Jordanian forces had

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, that situation changed. Jordanian army howitzers launched the first of 6,000 shells on Jewish Jerusalem, beginning with Kibbutz Ramat Rachel in the south and Mount Scopus in the north, before ranging into the city center and outlying neighborhoods. Military installations were targeted, along with the Knesset and the prime minister’s

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at a slower rate—and there was new need to conserve ammunition. While he rejected repeated requests by Narkiss to mount an infantry breakthrough to Mount Scopus, Dayan sanctioned a number of actions in response to a new eastern threat. The air forces of Jordan, Syria, and Iraq would be neutralized, along

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on the northern slope of the ridge—the so-called isolated house—to provide advance warning of any Jordanian movements there. Yet, in contrast to Mount Scopus and the DZ’s with Syria, the ridge had rarely been a source of Jordan-Israel friction. Minor run-ins did, however, occur between Israel

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we shall take Tel Aviv.” Already alarmed by these events, the Israelis were then dumbfounded when, at 2:00, Amman Radio proclaimed the fall of Mount Scopus. Remembering how the announcement of the seizure of Government House had preceded the actual attack, Narkiss concluded that Israel’s enclave was next. “It was

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their problem was at last solved.” His estimate was that hundreds of Jordan’s Patton tanks would ascend the Jordan Valley to Ramallah, and attack Mount Scopus from the rear. The journey would take eight hours.25 Circumstances, for the Israelis, had turned critical. From Government House ridge, Jordanian forces could fan

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out through Jerusalem’s southern neighborhoods—Talpiot, Katamon, San Simon—and link up with troops and tanks descending Mount Scopus in the north. The entire city could be lost. In the West Bank, meanwhile, Iraq’s 8th Mechanized Brigade, reinforced by a Palestinian battalion, was

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of Jenin, preferably without entering the city itself. The shelling in Jerusalem would also have to be stopped, and any Jordanian advances reversed. Most crucially, Mount Scopus would have to be relieved. In preparation for that effort, Dayan was willing to consider the capture of the Latrun Corridor, but no additional conquests

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along the Jordanian-held ridge that dominated the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway, block any enemy armor descending from the north, and relieve the garrison at Mount Scopus. Simultaneously, infantry would breach the fortified Jordanian positions at the enclave’s southern foot. Government House and its ridge were to be retaken immediately.26

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, he had been born in the Old City and shared Narkiss’s vision of its capture. He promptly positioned his paratroopers to move on both Mount Scopus and the Old City. “We will free Jerusalem!” Gur exclaimed. But the task would not be that simple. Gur and his officers knew little of

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goal was to reach the Ramallah-Jerusalem highway near Beit Hanina, take the Arab neighborhood of Shu‘afat, and link up with the paratroopers at Mount Scopus. By 4:00 P.M., the bulk of the forces were in place. Facing them was Jordan’s al-Hashimi Brigade, infantrymen, and two battalions

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by midnight, the al-Hashimi Brigade was falling back to positions to the north of the road to Ramallah, leaving it open to Israeli tanks. Mount Scopus could be relieved and Arab Jerusalem severed from the northern West Bank, which itself was under attack. As shelling from the Jordanian Long Toms between

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.M., salvos of Israeli mortar and artillery shells saturated the Jordanian positions along the so-called northern line leading from the Mandelbaum Gate up to Mount Scopus. Flares and search beams lit up the night. Israeli infantrymen stationed along that line received their first relief from the Jordanian shell and small-arms

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’s paratroopers, though, the countermeasures were merely preparations for the pending effort to burst through the Arab neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah and link up with Mount Scopus. Resisting that assault was a dense network of obstacles—bunkers, barbed wire, and mines. Rabin tried to persuade Gur to delay his attack until dawn

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forces consolidated in a line extending from Abu Tor in the south and northward to the Old City, Sheikh Jarrah, and Tel al-Ful astride Mount Scopus. At his disposal were 5,000 Jordanian troops and 1,000 Palestinian militiamen, armed with heavy mortars, machine-guns, and howitzers. But he had no

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in view of the worsening situation in Jerusalem itself, the brigade was now to proceed to the city’s Arab suburbs and from there attack Mount Scopus. Inching forward in the dark, the tanks climbed the twenty-mile, 2,700-foot ascent from Jericho. Parallel to them, struggling up a mountain track

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what Israel’s policy would be if they did. In addition to the military requisites of forcing Hussein to stop the shelling and of defending Mount Scopus, the ministers were seized by the millennial vision of a united Jewish capital. “Perhaps the most important Cabinet meeting Jerusalem ever held,” Col. Lior wrote

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tanks aflame. The road was now open to Beit Hanina, a suburb of East Jerusalem situated only 500 meters from the Ramallah-Jerusalem highway.13 Mount Scopus was virtually secured. Gen. Narkiss, however, could not afford to believe that. He was convinced that the 60th Brigade still posed an imminent threat to

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Jewish Jerusalem—soldiers on Mount Scopus reported hearing tanks approaching—and had begged for additional air strikes. Bar-Lev at first declined the request, explaining that Israel’s pilots were exhausted

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Shaker’s tanks, the Central Command chief remained skeptical. Unsure how many enemy vehicles survived, he refused to take any chances with the fate of Mount Scopus. The garrison would be relieved, as planned, by the paratroopers. Blocking that effort were the strongest fortifications in Jerusalem, a ganglia of trenches, bunkers, minefields

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known since World War I, when Gen. Allenby stored his ordnance there, as Ammunition Hill. The Israelis perceived the bastion as a direct threat to Mount Scopus and the western half of the city, while for the Jordanians, it represented a first line defense against any Israeli assault on the east. The

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to reach the Rockefeller Museum, while the third followed the ravine of Wadi Joz up to the Augusta Victoria Hospital, on the ridge midway between Mount Scopus and the Mount of Olives. At battle’s end, it was hoped, Israel would not only be free of any Jordanian threat but also be

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of Death. More fortunate was the 71st Battalion, which succeeded in breaching the wire and minefields and emerged near Wadi Joz at the base of Mount Scopus. Its commander, Maj. Uzi Eilam, a Chicago-trained engineer and another veteran of the retaliation raids, had been disappointed about his unit’s transfer from

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, through the fog of battle and the belief that Jordanian Pattons were still approaching, the assault on Ammunition Hill appeared the best means of rescuing Mount Scopus. The maneuver further established a double encirclement of Jerusalem—infantry on the inside, surrounded by an outer armored ring. By midday on June 6, a

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all, five Israelis were killed and twenty-five wounded, while survivors huddled for cover in the depressed yard of the Virgin’s Tomb. Observers on Mount Scopus, meanwhile, reported sighting a convoy of forty Pattons advancing through al-‘Azariya, en route to the Mount of Olives. Gur, fearing that the entire force

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that Israel capture the Old City. He would reiterate his position that noon when he and Weizman joined Uzi Narkiss in visiting the newly relieved Mount Scopus. “What a divine view!”Dayan exclaimed, enjoying the stunning scene of the Old City with its golden dome and church towers. But Narkiss, anxious to

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had been stockpiled, no bomb shelters built. Since the fighting started, Palestinian officials had persuaded themselves that the planes circling overhead and the tanks on Mount Scopus were Jordanian or even Iraqi. By the morning of the 7th, though, with the Star of David flying over the Rockefeller Museum and ‘Ata ‘Ali

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size of my hand,” claimed company commander Mahmud Abu Faris. The few surviving Jordanians fled, and the paratroopers who soon arrived—the 71st Battalion from Mount Scopus and the 66th from Wadi Joz—found the once-contested ridge deserted. Most of the Israeli casualties were in fact self-inflicted: nine dead and

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one? “A Peace of Honor Between Equals” There had not been just one but several ceremonies held in the newly rededicated Hebrew University amphitheater atop Mount Scopus. Leonard Bernstein had conducted Mahler’s 2nd Symphony—the “Resurrection”—and the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto, with solo performances by virtuoso Isaac Stern. “Jerusalem of Gold

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his conviction, and some went even further, believing that for the first time peace was attainable, if purchased with Arab territories. Ten days before the Mount Scopus ceremony, on June 19, the Cabinet had secretly decided to exchange Sinai and the Golan Heights—some areas would be demilitarized, and free passage through

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to remain Israel’s united and sovereign capital. Prominent among the supporters of the June 19 decision was Abba Eban. He, too, was present at Mount Scopus that day, notwithstanding his reservations about Rabin. The previous week, he had advised his ambassadors: “There is a new reality and it points at talks

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to wait three weeks had won much of world opinion and given his army much-needed time to prepare—that man sat unheralded among the Mount Scopus guests. Eshkol, too, distinguished between Israel’s “security” and “political” interests. The former, he maintained, could be satisfied by creating demilitarized zones and forward IDF

1967: Israel, the War, and the Year That Transformed the Middle East

by Tom Segev  · 2 Jan 2007  · 1,145pp  · 310,655 words

area were much disputed among Israel, Jordan, and the UN. Secrecy also hovered over the abandoned buildings of the Hebrew University and Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus. The mountain was surrounded on all sides by Jordanian territory, but according to the cease-fire agreement it remained an enclave under Israeli control. Once

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every two weeks, an Israeli police motorcade would drive up to Mount Scopus, as permitted by the agreement. The motorcade would leave through the Mandelbaum Gate and cross Jordanian territory, protected by UN forces. In fact, Israel was

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the years, too, the university staff managed to remove most of the books that had remained on the campus after the War of Independence. The Mount Scopus situation led to frequent disagreements between Israel and Jordan, stemming from the claim that Israel was trying to take over territories that did not belong

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occur in a nonpeaceful way,” said Kollek. In April 1967, Kollek dedicated a monument to a convoy that had tried to reach Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus two decades earlier. Several dozen people in the convoy, doctors and nurses among them, had been killed when Arabs attacked it. The memorial was built

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sure these steps do not make headlines.” Rather, things should be done quietly, “by the JNF method, acre by acre.” To the representative, access to Mount Scopus and the holy places was “a vision for the future.” Eshkol devoted a great deal of thought to the situation on

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Mount Scopus. He asked the army for a plan to take East Jerusalem and join up with Israeli forces on the mount, in the event that the

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it. This was considered a strategic objective not only for the sake of national dignity, but also because it was generally held that anyone controlling Mount Scopus was easily in a position to take over the entire West Bank. A few of the generals who believed that Israel should expand its borders

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One day earlier, Colonel Mordechai Gur had been on a tour of Jerusalem, where he had discussed with his colleagues how to break through to Mount Scopus. Gur, whose men were designated to parachute into Al Arish, in the Sinai Peninsula, raised the possibility of seizing the Old City. “Everyone was enthusiastic

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thorn in his side,” he said, and gave them some more news: Hussein was planning to close off the Mandelbaum Gate and thereby access to Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. The members of Mapai told him he had done a great thing and gave him a round of applause. They wanted to applaud

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with Eshkol. He had also ordered the air force to strike at Jordan and Syria and for the IDF to start the operation to seize Mount Scopus. Eshkol authorized Dayan’s orders.11 The meeting involved one of the most important discussions held during the war. On the surface, it was only

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the West Bank and Jerusalem. It would have been sufficient to destroy the Jordanian air force, and perhaps carry out the land “grabs” in Latrun, Mount Scopus, and the Armon Hanatziv area. But Rabin’s reservations about the West Bank and Jerusalem were not shared by everyone on the General Staff. Ezer

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, Gvati noted. “A proposal was made to take the Old City of Jerusalem. Since a force was on its way to secure the road to Mount Scopus anyway, the political implications were quickly analyzed and it was agreed that the General Staff should decide on the basis of the military circumstances.” The

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West Bank; seize the Banias in the Golan Heights, Tel Azaziat, and the demilitarized zones on the Syrian border. The battle for the road to Mount Scopus had already begun.2 General Odd Bull told his superiors in New York about an exchange of fire along the Israeli-Syrian border. He reported

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accomplished, whether by means of a “grab” or otherwise.11 The conquest of Latrun, therefore, had great secular symbolic significance—much like Armon Hanatziv and Mount Scopus. “You stand in this historical silence and pinch yourself—is this not a dream?” wrote Menahem Talmi in Maariv. “Is my mind playing tricks on

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suddenly so large!”12 Fighting in Jerusalem continued; just before noon, Dayan reached Mount Scopus. “No conquest in Sinai would have made up for the loss in prestige had Israel failed to take Mount Scopus,” Uzi Narkis said afterward. Dayan reached Mount Scopus via the Latrun Road. He took note of the date: June 6, D

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-Day.13 Ezer Weizman traveled with him. On the way to Mount Scopus they stopped at a local hotel, the Ambassador. Weizman, somewhat childishly, took a few pieces of the hotel stationery “for history’s sake.” They toured

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thought of her son, David, who was with Sharon’s troops on the way to the Suez Canal. Looking out over the breathtaking view from Mount Scopus, Weizman contemplated his sister and the great family drama she had triggered. Ezer and his sister were the niece and nephew of Chaim Weizmann, the

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links, where is it?” Weizman himself eventually married Moshe Dayan’s wife’s sister. Now he sat with his brother-in-law and Narkis on Mount Scopus, the Old City before them, his head in the clouds.14 BEFORE THE IDF’S ENTRY INTO THE OLD CITY, UZI NARKIS WAS A FRUSTRATED

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first day of the war, at ten minutes past nine. A few hours later, Narkis ordered Mordechai Gur to break through to the route to Mount Scopus, take over the Rockefeller Museum area in East Jerusalem, and prepare to take the Old City. “Today Jerusalem will be liberated,” he announced to his

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of Ramallah’s popular radio station prompted particular excitement in many of the soldiers, symbolizing as it did a secular importance similar to Armon Hanatziv, Mount Scopus, and Latrun. One soldier recalled that while still preparing for the operation, they had been listening to a particularly captivating Jordanian DJ as she accompanied

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of suns shine / Once again we shall go down to the Dead Sea, by way of Jericho.” Haimito Mosowitz described a victory rally at the Mount Scopus amphitheater, where the singer Nehama Handel tried to sing “Jerusalem of Gold” but burst into tears, along with all the soldiers.39 The capture of

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evening before free movement began between the eastern and western parts of Jerusalem, some three thousand guests filled the amphitheater at the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus, where honorary doctorates were being awarded to the president and to a few less significant dignitaries, including a major donor to the university. The highlight

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, Mordechai Bar-On, who wrote the speech, introduced no ideas that were not already acceptable in Israel. But as the chief of staff stood on Mount Scopus, “in this ancient and splendid site that looks over our eternal capital,” he offered not merely self-flattery, but also a basic moral and political

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you are sending young people to face death, for the heavy burden of responsibility on your shoulders, I have reaped it at the stand at Mount Scopus.” His choice of words evoked the familiar Hebrew phrase for the revelation of the Torah to Moses, “the stand at Mount Sinai.” The author Aharon

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.* The book surprised many of its readers. Kibbutzniks were considered introverted people who did not disclose their feelings. Even Yitzhak Rabin, in his speech on Mount Scopus, observed that “Sabra youths, particularly soldiers, tend not to be sentimental and are ashamed to reveal their emotions.” But Soldiers Talk reflected an emotional need

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vision, were not coincidental. Everything was supposed to return to what it had once been; the past became the ideal. Even the bus route to Mount Scopus was ceremoniously reassigned the number 9, with which it had been designated before the city was divided. Maariv reported, “Advertising signs in Hebrew have returned

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September, he approved a plan to settle tens of thousands of Jewish families in Jerusalem. He took part in many discussions about the restoration of Mount Scopus. Soon after the war, the Hebrew University began preparations to renew activities on the site it had been forced to abandon in 1948. The institution

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was soon flooded with donations and began planning the new Mount Scopus campus, one of the largest construction projects ever undertaken in Israel.12 Minister of Justice Shapira and Chief Supreme Court Justice Agranat looked into using

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of forces upset by Israel’s air attack on Egypt. He also explained that it had been important for him to maintain positions in the Mount Scopus area, because it controlled strategically valuable roads. When Herzog asked about the bombing of Jerusalem, Hussein looked stunned and said it had happened in contravention

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Arlozorov, Jerusalem, Chanukah 1954, p. 28, JMA, Container 3127; Yisrael Segal, One of Us Two (in Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Keter, 1995), p. 45. 64. Mordechai Gilat, Mount Scopus (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv: Masada, 1969); Carmit Guy, Bar-Lev (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1998), p. 137; Odd Bull, War and Peace in

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, 94n Hebrew Gymnasium, Jerusalem, 2 Hebrew University, 29, 33, 39, 85, 169, 171, 172, 225–26, 306 “Jewish morality” and, 437–38 Mizrahim attending, 47 Mount Scopus campus, construction of, 488 Rabin’s speech at, 437–39, 443, 444 Six-Day War, 354 Hebron, 179, 503, 504, 541 Israeli visitors to, after

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also Amit, Meir Mount Herzl, 563 Jabotinsky’s burial on, 95, 250, 563 Mount of Olives, 3, 7, 367, 487 Jewish cemetery on, 436, 493 Mount Scopus, 171, 176, 299n, 301, 318 bus route, 487–88 restoration of, 488 Six-Day War, 344, 345, 349, 351, 354, 355, 356, 510 Mount Zion

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go.”12 *Moshe Dayan met with Narkis at Ariana, a Tel Aviv restaurant, and the two agreed that if the Jordanians attacked, Israel should seize Mount Scopus and the Latrun Road and not give them back.23 *In the White House log, Eban is identified as the Israeli prime minister. *The United

The Rough Guide to Jerusalem

by Daniel Jacobs  · 10 Jan 2000

very hard when fallen on. Hadassah University Hospital T02/677 8555, Wwww.hadassah.org.il/English. The Hadassah organization’s hospitals at Ein Kerem and Mount Scopus have such a reputation that rich foreigners even come here from abroad for their private operations. The hospitals also pride themselves on serving all local

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from the Bible, while looming above it is the Mount of Olives, loaded with biblical significance and offering spectacular views across Jerusalem. Another historic hill, Mount Scopus dominates the northwest of the area and offers more wonderful views as well as the refreshing botanical gardens of the Hebrew University. The downtown area

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ADAW IYA Russian monastery AD AL-SHEIKH AL -W DAV ID entrance citadel excavations City of David Hezekiah’s Tunnel SILWAN Metropole Mount of Olives Mount Scopus New Metropole Olive Tree Palm Hostel Ritz Rivoli St George’s Guest House Seven Arches S M B R E K O T H N

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to the tombs of the Sanhedrin (see p.131). Bus #26 runs to Sanhedria and the Egged Central Bus Station, and the other way to Mount Scopus. | The City of David and around Above the Tomb of Simon the Just, on Mount of Olives Road, not far from the

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Mount Scopus Hotel, a black stone monument commemorates the Hadassah convoy massacre, which occurred in April 1948, during Israel’s War of Independence. A ten-vehicle Haganah

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convoy, including two ambulances bringing medical personnel and wounded to the Hadassah Hospital, in the Jewish-held enclave on Mount Scopus, was ambushed by local Arab irregulars, after the convoy’s schedule was leaked to the Arabs by a British officer. Two days after Deir Yassin

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been killed; indeed, some Zionist sources imply that the British deliberately colluded. Despite the massacre, Israeli convoys continued to ply the same route to supply Mount Scopus, even after 1948 (see pp.122–123). E as t J e rus al e m The Hadassah convoy monument The City of David and

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Mary’s tomb. 120  02 Jerusalem Guide 45-160.indd 120 All Nations Church by Antonio Balr 18/06/09 11:36 AM Antonio Barluzzi | Mount Scopus To the right of the twelfth-century flight of marble steps as you descend from the entrance is the tomb of the Crusader Queen Melisande

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panels in the new stone floor. There’s also a fresco and an ancient water cistern later used as a Byzantine burial vault. Mount Scopus East of Sheikh Jarrah, Mount Scopus offers excellent views, clean air and greenery, and houses Israel’s leading university and a botanical garden. The mount has been of vital

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city. The Crusaders camped here in 1099 before taking the city, as did the British after taking it in 1917. Although physically in East Jerusalem, Mount Scopus is spiritually – and in recent history – a part of the west. The northern part 02 Jerusalem Guide 45-160.indd 121 121 18/06/09

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a strip of no-man’s-land between the two halves. The Hebrew University Ea s t J e rus al e m | Mount Scopus The Hebrew University on Mount Scopus gives the impression from afar that, like a SPECTRE complex in a James Bond movie, it could disappear underground at the touch of

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3359 men who had to be buried in the field. Hindu and Muslim soldiers are buried in their own graveyard in Talpiot (see p.156). Mount Scopus can be reached on bus #4a and #19 from King George Street, bus #26 from the Egged Central Bus Station via Sanhedria and Ammunition Hill

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. Augusta Victoria Hospital 122 To the south, on what was Jordan’s half of Mount Scopus, the Augusta Victoria Hospital was built in 1910, named after Kaiser Wilhelm’s wife and used as the British governor general’s residence after World

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Suleiman. 02 Jerusalem Guide 45-160.indd 122 18/06/09 11:36 AM Beit Orot E as t J e rus al e m | Mount Scopus Just south of Augusta Victoria, at the junction of Rabi’a al-Adawiya and Al-Tur Road (aka Shmuel Ben Adaya), Beit Orot (W www

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SH ST REE T ROA D NA B LU S We st J e rus al e m 126 TZ KHEFETZ ERE SA HELENI HAM Mount Scopus Mount of Olives IN D ROA NABLUS ROAD AD RO A ALK HAM N PIR LOD BEN TZVI N KAPLA 38 40 34 43 Z

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/06/09 11:36 AM get to Sanhedrin Street, Hativat Hariel leads eastward toward Ammunition Hill (see p.113), Sheikh Jarrah (see p.112) and Mount Scopus (see p.121). The Street of the Prophets We st J e rus al e m | The Street of the Prophets From the site of

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with a sundial). From 1948 until 1967, the gate was used exclusively by UN personnel, diplomats and convoys to the Israeli Hebrew University enclave on Mount Scopus. We st J e rus al e m The Green Line Musrara During the Mandate, Musrara (or Morasha), the area bounded by Hail HaHandassa, HaNeviim

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1:46–55) in 42 languages. The Chagall Windows 154 About 1km southwest of Ein Karem village, the Hadassah Hospital, founded in 1951 when the Mount Scopus site was abandoned, is famous for the twelve Chagall windows in its synagogue (Sun–Thurs 8am–1.15pm & 2–3.45pm, or 8am–1pm on

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(see p.234), but it is still possible to reach it by going around the wall via Route 1, which passes to the north of Mount Scopus (with great views). Bus #36 from East Jerusalem Central Bus Station on Sultan Suleiman runs this route, but note that some buses only go as

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best views in the city (non-residents can enjoy it for 5NIS), taking in the Dome of the Rock, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Mount Scopus and the Mount of Olives and, less excitingly, the neighbouring Hezekiah’s Pool (now a rubbish dump; see p.50). Dorms 45NIS (plus 10NIS for

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executive rooms can be taken together as a suite. There is a roof garden coffee shop with a view of the Mount of Olives and Mount Scopus, and a spacious, comfortable lobby lounge, as well as a bar and dining room. Breakfast included 6 Mount of Olives 53 Mount of Olives Rd

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the front have Old City views, so you should specify that you want a room at the front when making your reservation. Breakfast included 3 Mount Scopus Nablus Rd, Sheikh Jarrah T 02/582 8891, Emtscopus@netvision.net.il. A quiet hotel, overlooking the city from above East Jerusalem. The rooms are

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good for the price. The rooms are drab but cosy, with a/c and heating, and there’s a roof terrace with good views of Mount Scopus and the Mount of Olives. Breakfast included 4 Ritz 8 Ibn Khaldoun T02/626 9900, Wwww .jerusalemritz.com. Not as ritzy as you might expect

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. Eighteen courts for hire. Jerusalem Sports Club 32 HaTzefira, German Colony T 02/563 2125. Courts for hire. Sir Arthur Gilbert Tennis Club Hebrew University, Mount Scopus T02/588 2796. Ten courts. Open until 10pm (floodlit if necessary) except Fridays and Saturdays. YMCA Nablus Rd, East Jerusalem T02/628 6888, W www

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, 133 Grotto of Gethsemane.... 121 gyms.............................. 207 Gypsy community........... 83 H Haas Promenade........... 156 Hadassah convoy massacre.................... 113 Hadassah Hospital (Ein Karem)................. 154 Hadassah Hospital (Mount Scopus)................39, 122 Hadrian (Emperor)......... 270 haggling......................... 226 Hammam al-‘Ayn............. 80 HaNeviim Street............ 132 Haram al-Sharif (Temple Mount).................. 99–106 Haredi Judaism............. 131 Hasmoneans

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Omar................................... 70 Sidi Umar........................ 95 mosquitoes...................... 38 Mount Herzl...................... 180 Mount of Olives.......117–121 Mount of Olives cemetery ...................................... 119 Mount of Olives viewpoint ...................................... 118 Mount Scopus..........121–123 Mount Zion...............141–143 movie theatres............... 204 Muristan................... 69–71 museums 308 Ammunition Hill................. 113 Armenian History................ 53 Bethlehem......................... 237 Bible Lands....................... 147

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AD RO ZA AD Talbiya BEGIN Yad VaShem FF Givat Ram G Bet Zayit Hadassah Hospital 1 Bus Station Kfar Sha’ul 386 French Hill Mount Scopus Anata Jericho & Amman Motza Motza Illit Shu’afat Shu’afat Camp Anata Ramat Eshkol Mevatzeret Zion 1 Kastel Pisgat OLD CITY al-Tur Silwan Ras

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Mosque Y I T ZHAK HA N AD IV JERIC Chapel of the Ascension RAS AL-AMUD HO R OAD Augusta Victoria Hospital AL-TUR MOUNT SCOPUS Mount of Olives Cemetry All Nations Church Dominus Flevit MOUNT OF OLIVES AL-T UR ROAD WADI AL-JOZ Dome of the Rock East Jerusalem

Frommer's Israel

by Robert Ullian  · 31 Mar 1998

basic shape. Landmarks such as the YMCA, the King David Hotel, the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem, the original Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University on Mount Scopus, the art moderne Central Post Office on Jaffa Road, Saint Andrew’s Church near Abu Tor, and West Jerusalem’s King George Street all stand

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City): 3, 19, 20, 30, 80, 99 Jewish Quarter (Old City): 1, 38 King George V Avenue 4, 7, 8, 9, 14, 31, 38, 48 Mount Scopus: 9, 23, 26, 28 Mount Zion: 38 Yad VaShem: 13, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 27, 39, 40, 99 Zion Square: 6, 13, 15, 18

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of Israel’s foremost architects, the Regency (opened in 1987) was considered one of the city’s finest hotels. Set on the lower slopes of Mount Scopus, the hotel’s seven arcaded courtyards and multilevel atrium lobby settle gracefully across the landscape, with marvelous vistas of the city in the distance. The

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, on the northern part of the Mount of Olives ridge, the small city is the complex of the Hebrew University and Hadassah 189 Hospital on Mount Scopus. To your right (south), inside the walls of the Old City, are the domes of the Armenian Cathedral of Saint James, the roofs of the

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202 10/28/08 9:37 AM Page 202 CHAPTER 6 . EXPLORING JERUSALEM Two Dreams Restored Israel’s earlier branch of Hadassah Hospital is on Mount Scopus, overlooking Jerusalem’s Old City. Opened in 1938, in an ultramodern building designed by Erich Mendelssohn and funded by Hadassah supporters throughout the world, it

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nationality or religion.” But at the time of the cease-fire at the end of Israel’s War of Independence in 1948, Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus found itself a small Israeli-held bastion in middle of Jordanian-controlled East Jerusalem, protected by international agreement but cut off from Israeli-held West

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for the hospital’s synagogue had been damaged, he promised to replace them, making them “more beautiful than ever.” He more than succeeded. Today, Hadassah Mount Scopus is again open, and both Hadassah hospitals serve all the communities of Jerusalem. depicting the blessings that Jacob, on his deathbed, bestowed to each of

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, Hebrew University is one of Israel’s most dramatic accomplishments, with more than 18,000 students spread across this and the Mount Scopus campus. Built to replace the university’s original Mount Scopus campus, which was cut off from West Jerusalem from 1948 to 1967, the Givat Ram Campus now houses the university’s

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science departments and functions in tandem with the Mount Scopus Campus, which was reclaimed in 1967 during the Six-Day War. Take special architectural note of the Belgium House Faculty Club, La Maison de France

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the important Israeli architect, David Reznik; Reznik’s imprint dots the city—he designed Jerusalem’s Hyatt Regency Hotel and codesigned the Mormon Center on Mount Scopus. You can stop for lunch in the cafeteria of the administration building, or in the Jewish National and University Library, which contains a vast stained

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back into the caves and under the Old City. Near the Damascus Gate. Admission NIS 10 ($2.50/£1.25). Daily 10am–4pm. Bus: 27. MOUNT SCOPUS, MOUNT OF OLIVES & VALLEY OF KIDRON You can reach the Mount of Olives Road either by driving north up Saladin Street or by taking a

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left turn at the wall, just past the Rockefeller museum. For Hebrew University Mount Scopus campus, take bus no. 4A, 9, or 28 from downtown West Jerusalem. MOUNT SCOPUS From Sheikh Jarrah (on Nablus Rd.), the road heads past the Mount Scopus Hotel and proceeds, gradually curving, past Shepherds Hotel. At the bend in

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Mount Scopus Road, to your left, you’ll see the Jerusalem War Cemetery, the resting place for British

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World War I dead. You are now on Mount Scopus–Har Hatsofim, which means “Mount of Observation.” It was here that the Roman armies of Titus and Vespasian camped in A.D. 70 and observed

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city under siege as they planned their final attack. About 90m (295 ft.) down the ridge, you’ll find the Mount Scopus Hadassah Hospital on the left. The Hebrew University on Mount Scopus, which opened on April 1, 1925, is now one of the largest institutions of higher learning in the Middle East. It

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of Et-Tur, the Mount of Olives, the Jewish Cemetery, and the Seven Arches Hotel. The best views of Jerusalem are from Hebrew University on Mount Scopus, the Jewish graveyard on the Mount of Olives, and the Seven Arches Hotel. For optimum viewing and photographs, come in the morning, when the sun

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Monday to Saturday 8am to sunset and costs approximately NIS 40 ($10/£5) per hour. Prices are higher on the weekends. The Hebrew University at Mount Scopus (& 02/581-7579) has 10 lighted courts and rents equipment at similar prices. It’s open Sunday to Thursday 7am to 10pm and Friday and

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a Roman/Mediterranean atrium house, the masterpiece of the German refugee architect, Erich Mendelssohn, who also designed the original Hadassah Hospital and Hebrew University on Mount Scopus in Jerusalem. The interior of the house is marked by an airy, sinuous staircase set in a stair tower lit with narrow vertical windows; private

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, 409 Health concerns, 71–73 Health insurance, 504–505 Hebrew terms and expressions, 512–515 Hebrew University, Givat Ram Campus (Jerusalem), 202 Hebrew University on Mount Scopus (Jerusalem), 209 Hebron Road (Jerusalem), restaurants, 161 Hecht Museum (Haifa), 348 Hedya Jewelers and the Sarah Einstein Collection (Jerusalem), 219 Heichal Shlomo (Jerusalem), 203 Helen

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Herzl (Jerusalem), 199 Mount Meiron, 407 Mount of Olives (Jerusalem), 10, 209–211 Mount of Remembrance (Jerusalem), 200 Mount of the Beatitudes (near Tabgha), 387 Mount Scopus (Jerusalem), 209 Mount Sinai, 481–482 Mount Sinai (Sinai Peninsula, Egypt), 10 Mount Tabor, 363–364 Mount Zion (Jerusalem), 184–185 Mount Zion Cultural Center

O Jerusalem

by Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre  · 31 Dec 1970  · 784pp  · 229,648 words

. For most of his manpower he turned to the white stone buildings of Hebrew University, set in a grove of pines on the heights of Mount Scopus dominating the northwestern approaches of the city. That university was a lodestone for some of the most capable youth in Palestine. It had also become

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. When Hazem Nusseibi the young radio editor and his neighbors discovered there was not even a pistol in their dozen villas near the road to Mount Scopus, their reaction was typical. Each rushed to the souks to buy a firearm from the illegal gun merchants flourishing there, driving even higher their already

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the plant, Joseph ordered its supervisor, Alexander Singer, to start building up an emergency fuel supply. Finally, since the city's principal hospital facilities on Mount Scopus might be cut off from the rest of Jerusalem by the Arabs, Joseph prepared a series of emergency operating theaters and clinics inside the Jewish

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over Sheikh Jarrah and secure communications with the Jewish institutions of Hebrew University and Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus. Above all, he was to maintain open communications with the Jewish Quarter of the Old City, Mount Scopus, the Dead Sea Potash Works and the satellite settlements around the city. Ben-Gurion had then reminded

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along after the disappearing vehicles, shrieking, "Wait, wait!" Dr. Moshe Ben-David had played a vital role in the development of the two institutions on Mount Scopus to which they were headed, Hadassah Hospital and the Hebrew University. He was not going to let the convoy leave without him. By a miracle

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Jarrah. As early as December, Arab ambushes had forced the Jewish Agency to resort to a weekly armed convoy to keep the two institutions on Mount Scopus supplied. For the past month a tacit truce had ruled along the road, and the passage of the convoys had been relatively free of incidents

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officer. "The road's clear. We just patrolled it." Hillman waved the line of vehicles off on the two-and-a-half-mile trip to Mount Scopus. An armored car led the way. Behind it came an ambulance bearing the red star of the Magen David Adorn, the Jewish Red Cross, then

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astonishing assembly of professors, doctors, researchers and scholars, the most precious cargo a Haganah convoy could carry through the dangerous curves of Sheikh Jarrah to Mount Scopus. Distinguished products of the most famous faculties of Europe, they had fled the persecutions of the Continent to come here and found a prestigious array

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Jewry, Hadassah had built medical institutions all across Palestine. The most important among them, the temple of Jewish medical science, was the ultramodern hospital on Mount Scopus. The convoy's most prestigious passenger, the director of Hadassah Hospital, the world-renowned ophthalmologist Chaim Yassky, had characteristically taken one of the most exposed

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would not be molested as long as they did not fire on British patrols. His words were an invitation to attack it. To the Arabs, Mount Scopus also represented a Haganah strongpoint from which their foes sometimes launched assaults on their rear. All the next day in the back room of his

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marching from Naples to London playing the bagpipes. The second in command of the Highland, Churchill knew as well as Chaim Yassky the terrain between Mount Scopus and Jerusalem. The road linking them had been his unit's responsibility for months. He leaped into his Dingo armored car and set out for

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. and Mrs. Yassky were among the trapped passengers. Barely a week earlier, Churchill had dined with the doctor and his wife on their flower-covered Mount Scopus terrace. His Dingo armored car in the lead, Churchill moved out to the trapped vehicles. "If the Arabs shoot at me, blow their bloody heads

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to Antonious House. The only serious British effort to save the imperiled Jews had failed. From rooftops, from balconies, from windows, from Government House and Mount Scopus, half of Jerusalem would now witness the dying agony of the convoy. The British remained impassive despite the dozens of beseeching calls pouring down on

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not an Arab. It's Zvi Sinai!" By nightfall it was over. A ghastly silence reigned at last on the bend in the road to Mount Scopus where Mohammed Neggar had detonated his mine. A few ribbons of smoke, the putrid stench of burned flesh, and the carbonized remains of the convoy

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had shelled the city. The second, in the north, called for the capture of the Arab quarter of Sheikh Jarrah to establish a link with Mount Scopus, then as soon as possible to move to the Mount of Olives, clearing the whole northern ridge of the city and cutting the Arab Legion

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equipment, so conspicuous by its absence during the agony of the Hadassah convoy, Yitzhak Sadeh's men took their lone British bazooka and withdrew to Mount Scopus. Jones's reaction prompted Sadeh to revise the aims he had set for Operation Jebussi's third phase and limit his attack to the wealthy

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to south in the major part of the city. In the north, he would capture Sheikh Jarrah and establish a link to the institutions on Mount Scopus. In the south, his men would take Britain's Allenby Barracks and isolate the Arab neighborhoods below Katamon from the rest of the Arab city

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of his headquarters in the Histadrut Building the last British convoys heading for Haifa. As soon as they had disappeared over the ridge line beyond Mount Scopus, he ordered his men, waiting in the streets of Mea Shearim, into action. So swift was their advance that they seized almost without opposition their

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British had driven Yitzak Sadeh's Palmachniks seventeen days earlier. By midmorning, Levi had managed to reestablish communications with the besieged university and hospital on Mount Scopus. In the south, Avram Uzieli had been ordered to take the sprawling grounds of the Allenby Barracks. Its capture would cut the Arab neighborhoods of

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to the city on the line he had established from Sanhedria, the ancient Jewish burial grounds, through the Police Training School barracks, Sheikh Jarrah and Mount Scopus. In defiance of Ben-Gurion's order that no Jewish settlement was to be abandoned, he authorized the isolated settlers of Neve Yaacov north of

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Jerusalem. The emergency clinics and operating theaters established in the New City by the Magen David Adorn were already overflowing. Deprived of their facilities on Mount Scopus, the Jewish medical establishment had converted their neighborhood clinics into military hospitals. They had even rented the classrooms of the St. Joseph Convent School to

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carry his foes inside the city. Hundreds of frightened civilians gathered at St. Stephen's Gate waiting to flee if the wall was breached. From Mount Scopus, Haganah observers caught an occasional glimpse of others who had already begun their flight plodding toward the Mount of Olives. On the other side of

Like Dreamers: The Story of the Israeli Paratroopers Who Reunited Jerusalem and Divided a Nation

by Yossi Klein Halevi  · 4 Nov 2014  · 752pp  · 201,334 words

pact with Nasser, a Jordanian attack on Jewish Jerusalem couldn’t be ruled out. At the general staff there was concern the Jordanians would attack Mount Scopus, the only outpost in East Jerusalem that Israel had managed to retain after the 1948 war. Every two weeks a convoy of Israeli soldiers was

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escorted by the UN through Jordanian lines to Mount Scopus. The soldiers were disguised as police, because the armistice agreement forbade an Israeli military presence there. Motta feared that the Jordanians might try to attack

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side were trenches and concrete bunkers; on the Israeli side, sandbag emplacements. Crouching behind sandbags, Motta devised a plan for defending the IDF convoy to Mount Scopus. He pointed in the direction of a bend in the road sloping up toward the mount: that’s where the convoy is likely to be

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attacked. It was precisely the point where a convoy heading toward Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus had been ambushed by Arab fighters in the 1948 war; seventy-nine people, mostly doctors and nurses, had been massacred. One battalion, said Motta, would

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Motta. Arik drove to the command headquarters in charge of the central front, which included Jerusalem, and asked for intelligence assessments, maps, aerial photographs of Mount Scopus. You’re too late, he was told; intelligence officers from other brigades have taken the best material. Arik, of course, knew someone at headquarters, an

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said to Motta, is to break through the formidable barriers of minefields and trenches separating East and West Jerusalem and reach the Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus. But, he added, “Be prepared to take the Old City. I hope you will erase the shame of 1948.” Arik wasn’t interested in historical

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the enemy, not to regain a stone wall where the pious once prayed. Until explicitly stated otherwise, their mission was to protect the garrison on Mount Scopus, nothing more. Arik’s new assignment was to fine-tune the rough plan that Motta had devised two days earlier during their impulsive trip to

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battalion would cut through Wadi Joz, a valley on the Jordanian side of the line, and head toward Mount Scopus. A second battalion would seize Ammunition Hill, a Jordanian stronghold overlooking the main road to Mount Scopus. Meanwhile a third battalion would conquer the Rockefeller Museum just outside the Old City, and there await

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them what he knew, which wasn’t much: Over there is Ammunition Hill; farther south, Abramov Garden. The goal of the 66th and 71st was Mount Scopus; the goal of the 28th was the Rockefeller Museum. Arik didn’t mention the Old City; it wasn’t on his mind. Then he joined

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the American Colony Hotel. They climbed over walls and fences, cut through gardens of bougainvillea and jasmine, and came to Wadi Joz, the valley between Mount Scopus and the Old City. They found an old man wandering alone. Where is the Rockefeller? Odem asked in Arabic. The old man claimed he didn

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combat with elite Jordanian troops in the trenches of Ammunition Hill. With the conquest of Ammunition Hill, the road to the besieged Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus lay open, and the survivors of the 66th were heading there now. Arik left the Rockefeller, where the 28th Battalion was camped, and began making

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unit. Arik had mapped out an alternative route to Augusta Victoria: through the valley known as Wadi Joz, away from the Old City and toward Mount Scopus, and then a right turn up to the Mount of Olives. Meanwhile, the 71st and the 66th were converging on Augusta Victoria. The puzzled commanders

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to the assistant’s opposition. “I don’t think it’s a good idea,” said Arik, and Goren relented. DEFENSE MINISTER MOSHE DAYAN stood on Mount Scopus and, raising binoculars to his single eye, watched the Temple Mount across the valley. Dayan had lost an eye on a commando raid in 1941

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had veered toward the Jordanian-held building on the border known as the Police School, which fell after a brief battle, and then proceeded toward Mount Scopus. But this morning, only minutes earlier, Hanan’s beloved officer had been killed just beside him, by an unknown attacker. Hanan had stood over the

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. Yoel would have happily shared his plan with the government. But no one was asking his opinion. A HERO OF ISRAEL IN THE AMPHITHEATER on Mount Scopus, weeds grew in the cracked stone benches, and thistles covered the sloping earth. Nearby were the empty buildings of the original Hebrew University campus, abandoned

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. Not even performances by the country’s leading singers could rouse them. One offered an old song of longing for Zion, “From the peak of Mount Scopus, I offer you peace, Jerusalem.” Few sang along or even bothered to applaud. Arik nodded off. The MC, an actress named Rivka Michaeli, announced, “There

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the Six-Day War and San Francisco’s Summer of Love. And then suddenly there was Meir, singing through the static from the amphitheater on Mount Scopus: “Jerusalem of iron, of lead and of blackness . . .” “They’re making me out to be this big hero,” Meir complained to his wife, Tirza. “Why

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about the sensitive paratrooper-farmer only deepened his unease. He tried to compensate with irony, telling a journalist that he experienced more fear onstage on Mount Scopus than he had during the entire war. But that only reinforced the endearing image of the shy, stoic paratrooper. He had intended his song as

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bloodiest battle: Why send paratroopers into the trenches, when the position could simply have been circumvented? Nonsense, said Arik: Ammunition Hill overlooked the road to Mount Scopus, where an Israeli unit was under siege, and the whole length of no-man’s-land. As for Motta charging into the Old City, yes

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War, 228, 274 and Yehudah Amital, 228, 274, 303, 392, 395–96, 512 Mount Hermon, 206, 277 Mount Herzl, 116, 119, 143 Mount Gerizim, 406 Mount Scopus, 63–64, 66, 69, 71–72, 86, 92, 105, 131–32, 140 Movement for the Complete Land of Israel, the, 187 expansion of, 187 and

The Lion's Gate: On the Front Lines of the Six Day War

by Steven Pressfield  · 5 May 2014  · 531pp  · 139,948 words

in my hand: Till we have built Jerusalem, In England’s green and pleasant Land. In Hebrew, har means “mountain.” Overlooking Jerusalem on Har HaTsofim, Mount Scopus, is a Jewish enclave surrounded on three sides by territory occupied by the Jordanians. The site contains the original Hadassah Hospital and several buildings of

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have been among the soldiers (we had to dress as police officers, to adhere to the armistice) to man this outpost. Sergeant Moshe Milo. From Mount Scopus you look out over Jerusalem. You can see the Old City. On watch, I used to stand at a certain elevated vantage, searching with my

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is the vacant half, the barren half, the half that excludes the Old City and our people’s most sacred sites. This I think on Mount Scopus, manning my post above Israel’s ancient capital. I think that the exile of the Jews has not yet come to an end. Now here

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the Iraqi brigades that may have entered Jordan from the east—may advance. Jordanian troops are reported advancing as well on the Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus. I have ordered reserve forces forward to dislodge the Legionnaires from Government House and to seize all strategic road junctions by which enemy columns may

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approach Mount Scopus from the north. I have been compelled as well to send armored columns toward Jenin in the northern West Bank to silence Jordan’s guns

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asks. “No!” is Motta’s emphatic reply. “Our task for now is, first, to relieve the garrison of 120 Israeli soldiers who are surrounded on Mount Scopus, and, second, to seize positions in East Jerusalem from which we can defend the city if the enemy brings up tanks and troops from the

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’s operation. Battalion 66 will seize Ammunition Hill and the Jordanian Police School, then assault across the high ground to liberate the Israeli enclave on Mount Scopus. My battalion, 71, will advance through the Arab neighborhoods of Sheikh Jerrah and Wadi Joz, “cleaning” these of enemy defenders and positions of resistance. We

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will move into positions from which the battalion will be able to assault the Augusta Victoria Ridge, adjacent to Mount Scopus, when and if such orders shall be issued. Battalion 28 will break through the Jordanian defenses immediately after my battalion (our role is to clear

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stroke Zamosh draws a curved line, swelling outward like the bulge in a “D.” This line represents the collar of hills that dominate the city. Mount Scopus at the top, Augusta Victoria Ridge in the middle, the Mount of Olives at the bottom. The Jordanians hold all three. Our brigade will have

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to take this high ground, Zamosh says—the Mount Scopus enclave first, because that’s where 120 of our people are cut off and surrounded. At the southern end of the curved line, Zamosh sketches

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years ago, when I served as deputy to Meir Har-Zion, we set an ambush on that site to protect a supply convoy heading toward Mount Scopus. Gemul, tonight, will be our breakthrough point. Why have I chosen this site? It’s obscure. Out of the way. The last place anyone would

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will eliminate them, capture the entire quarter, and take up positions at the base of the slope facing the collar of hills made up of Mount Scopus, the Augusta Victoria Ridge, and the Mount of Olives. To our left, north by several hundred meters, lies Ammunition Hill and the Jordanian Police School

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trouble. Where are we? Two minutes ago some guy from “C” Company moved past and said in an excited voice, “Look up there—that’s Mount Scopus.” I suddenly realized we’re in Jerusalem. I’d forgotten completely. This is how dumb you can get. My job now is messenger for Lieutenant

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exists of an Israeli Jerusalem. I am in the city now. With the regional commanders I have made a dash in a military convoy to Mount Scopus, our toehold on the heights that ring the eastern extremity. Hussein’s Arab Legion still holds the Augusta Victoria Ridge and the Mount of Olives

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is, in fact, away from the Old City. A collar of hills dominates the Old City from the east—Mount Scopus, Augusta Victoria Ridge, and the Mount of Olives. Battalion 66 occupies Mount Scopus. Their brave paratroopers captured it after hellish fighting last night on Ammunition Hill. We in Battalion 71 are attacking Augusta

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the brigade net. We never heard the historic order. Instructions authorized by the General Staff at that time were to seize the collar of hills—Mount Scopus, Augusta Victoria, and the Mount of Olives—and hold those positions. Moshe Dayan, we knew, had been saying, No, no, no, I won’t let

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toward the Temple Mount. Major Uzi Eilam is at center front. He has spotted the grove, too. These are the treetops I have glimpsed from Mount Scopus, years ago, knowing what they mean, that the Wall is there, nearby but blocked from view, the Wall that I will never reach, never see

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THE DEEP BATTLE 49. A CAMPAIGN OF ROADS I have spent this morning, June 6, in cabinet meetings arguing over Jerusalem. I have stood on Mount Scopus and looked out over the Old City, still in Arab hands. Not until afternoon do I have time to turn to events unfolding fast in

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dwellings as if all belonged to them. I struggled between shame and acceptance. Please, can we get out of here? Dov drove us back to Mount Scopus. Old Jerusalem lay before us like a dream that had come true but in whose reality one could not yet believe. On the way home

Jerusalem: The Biography

by Simon Sebag-Montefiore  · 27 Jan 2011  · 1,364pp  · 272,257 words

halt their in-fighting to unite their 21,000 warriors and face the Romans together. The city that Titus saw for the first time from Mount Scopus, named after the Greek skopeo meaning 'look at', was, in Pliny's words, 'by far the most celebrated city of the East', an opulent, thriving

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for Jerusalem, a giant in ragged, patched robes riding a mule, with just one servant. OMAR THE JUST: TEMPLE REGAINED When he saw Jerusalem from Mount Scopus, Omar ordered his muezzin to give the call to prayer. After praying, he donned the white robes of the pilgrim, mounted a white camel and

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immigrants to create 'Jewish towns, particularly in Jerusalem, the head of the nation', and they now bought the land for the future Hebrew University on Mount Scopus. This alarmed the Families - even though the Husseinis and other landowners such as the Sursocks of Lebanon were all quietly selling land to the Zionists

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'a Jewish state without a university is like Monaco without the casino', so on 24 July 1918 Allenby drove him in his Rolls-Royce up Mount Scopus. There the foundation-stones were laid for the Hebrew University by the mufti, the Anglican bishop, two chief rabbis and Weizmann himself. But observers noticed

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was 'a Jewish movement' led by a diabolical bogeyman called the 'International Jew'. Churchill loved Jerusalem, where, he declared, opening the British Military Cemetery on Mount Scopus, 'lies the dust of the Caliphs and Crusaders and Maccabees!' He was drawn to the Temple Mount, which he visited whenever possible, begrudging every moment

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modernist Jerusalem created by the British at dizzying speed. The old Earl of Balfour himself had come for the opening of the Hebrew University on Mount Scopus, near the new Hadassah Hospital. A YMCA in the form of a phallic tower was built by the architect of the Empire State Building. The

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, who rejected the apology. Arab vengeance was swift. On 14 April, a convoy of ambulances and food trucks set off for the Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus. Bertha Spafford watched as 'a hundred and fifty insurgents, armed with weapons varying from blunderbusses and old flintlocks to modern Sten and Bren guns, took

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and supervised by the UN, who were based in the British Government House, divided Jerusalem: Israel received the west with an island of territory on Mount Scopus, while Abdullah kept the Old City, eastern Jerusalem and the West Bank. The agreement promised the Jews access to the Wall, the Mount of Olives

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was agonizing: in 1950, the UN mediated the feeding of the one tiger, one lion and two bears of the Biblical Zoo on Israeli-controlled Mount Scopus and officially explained that 'Decisions had to be taken whether (a) Israeli money should be used to buy Arab donkeys to feed the Israeli lion

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Israel had to strike the Egyptians at once while avoiding any confrontation with Jordan. His Jerusalem commander Uzi Narkiss challenged him: what if Jordan attacked Mount Scopus? 'In that case,' replied Dayan drily, 'bite your lip and hold the line!' Nasser already believed he had won a bloodless victory but the Egyptians

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. At 8.15, Dayan ordered the Israeli Defence Forces into Sinai. In Jerusalem, General Narkiss waited nervously, fearful that the Jordanians would take the vulnerable Mount Scopus and encircle the 197,000 Jews in west Jerusalem, but he was hoping that the Jordanians would make only a symbolic contribution to the Egyptian

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Sheikh Jarrah past the American Colony towards the Rockefeller Museum, which fell at 7.27. The king still held the commanding Augusta Victoria Hospital between Mount Scopus and the Mount of Olives, and he desperately tried to save the Old City by offering a ceasefire, but it was too late. Nasser called

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of Gethsemane. The Israelis sheltered in the sunken courtyard of the Virgin's Tomb. The Old City was still not surrounded. Dayan joined Narkiss on Mount Scopus overlooking the Old City: 'What a divine view!' said Dayan, but he refused to allow any attack. However, at dawn on 7 June, the UN

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cemetery, 139, 338, 479 and Mamluk sultanate, 286 and Ottoman sultanate, 295 and Providence, 10, 132 and Second Coming, 500 see also Augusta Victoria fortress Mount Scopus, 3, 174, 394, 425, 434, 473, 481-83, 494, 496 Mount Zion, xxi - xxii, 69, 120n, 132, 139, 148, 156, 200, 211, 338, 379n, 449

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