by Ruth Defries · 8 Sep 2014 · 342pp · 88,736 words
back against the tragic human toll levied by malaria, particularly in the tropics. Pesticides were also contributing to increasing yields that made food more affordable. Norman Borlaug, a key scientific figure, whose life’s work was to spread the benefits of technology to improve food production in the developing world, clamored back
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IDEAS and innovations sent the world hurtling toward the post–World War II explosion in what and how much people eat, one name stands out: Norman Borlaug, the plant breeder from the American Midwest who countered Rachel Carson’s criticisms of chemical pesticides. Some revere Borlaug as a humanitarian saint. Others revile
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the country was importing large quantities of grain. But when Ehrlich talked with people familiar with the Indian situation, he clearly had not listened to Norman Borlaug. In 1965, in consultation with Indian government officials, Borlaug’s trainees had carried 200 tons of high-yielding seed from Mexico to India. The following
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fields into wasteland: Groundwater and soil salinization are discussed in World Bank (2010) and Tyagi et al. (2012). 182Yields in Mexico and much of Asia: Norman Borlaug was president of the Sasakawa Africa Association with the support of President Jimmy Carter. Borlaug became involved in the project in 1986 to transfer food
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consumption of, 191 Mediterranean fruit fly, 150 Memes, 10 Mendel, Gregor, 129–132 Mennonites, 136 Mesopotamia, 70–72 Meteorites, 30, 32 Methane, 196, 202 Mexico Norman Borlaug’s work in, 172–174 uneven access to Green Revolution, 180 wheat production, 180 Middle Ages, 77 Mineral theory, 106–107, 114 Moldboard plow, 78
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, 197 requirements needed for habitable, 196 tilt of, 22–23 Planetary Boundaries (Rockström), 2 Plant breeders of corn, 133–135 early, 127 Indian, 175–176 Norman Borlaug, 171–175 private companies, 140 of soybeans, 139–140 of wheat, 137–138 Yuan Longping, 177–178 Plant breeding rice, 176–178 shuttle breeding, 173
by Alan Weisman · 23 Sep 2013 · 579pp · 164,339 words
near the famous Teotihuacán pyramids northeast of Mexico City, CIMMYT is considered today the birthplace of the so-called Green Revolution. Its late director, Dr. Norman Borlaug, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for developing a disease-resistant, high-yield strain of dwarf wheat (dwarf, because normal wheat plants would fall over
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of automobile carcasses, urbanity resumes until the road reaches fields of wheat and maize surrounding the agricultural research center. A billboard near the entrance shows Norman Borlaug, who died in 2009 at ninety-five, in khaki shirt and pants, waist-high in dwarf wheat, notebook in hand. His many international awards are
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apparently proved wrong. The famines that it predicted would leave hundreds of millions Asians dead within a decade never happened. The Ehrlichs had not foreseen Norman Borlaug’s astonishing Green Revolutionary boost to the world’s food supply. In the decades that followed, Ehrlich’s and Borlaug’s names became routinely linked
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by 1980,” wrote Duke University engineering professor Daniel Vallero in a 2007 textbook titled Biomedical Ethics for Engineers. “He was wrong—thanks to biotechnologists like Norman Borlaug.” This was a typical jeer: While the doomsayer Ehrlich prophesized starvation in India and Pakistan, Borlaug was bringing both countries to self-sufficiency in wheat
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finding ways to accomplish this (e.g., Borlaug spoiling Ehrlich’s predictions).” This was a typical conclusion: by enabling millions more to eat and live, Norman Borlaug had refuted Ehrlich and Malthus’s panic-mongering about overpopulation. That conclusion, however, was not shared by Borlaug himself. His Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech
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he continued crop research to feed the multiplying millions his work had added to the global census. iv. Two Generations Later At one end of Norman Borlaug’s spacious former office in the two-story CIMMYT headquarters building, Hans-Joachim Braun perches on the edge of a hardwood conference table, hunting for
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tables. “Though I have no doubt yields will keep going up, whether they can go up enough to feed the population monster is another matter,” Norman Borlaug said in 1997. “Unless progress with agricultural yields remains very strong, the next century will experience sheer human misery that, on a numerical scale, will
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seed to East Africa. Over the coming years, CIMMYT intends to genetically classify its entire germplasm collection. Along with historic strains, it holds seeds that Norman Borlaug archived during all the steps that led to his Green Revolution varieties, believing that eventually biotechnology would allow them to see exactly what they did
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both IRRI and CIMMYT warn that transgenic leaps to feed the world are decades away from being viable—let alone discovered. And Green Revolution founder Norman Borlaug insisted that it will be impossible to keep feeding the whole world unless population growth is also checked. “That’s not what the Church believes
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, “will only provide a stay of execution, unless they are accompanied by determined and successful efforts at population control.” Even as their book was published, Norman Borlaug’s miracle hybrids were coming to first harvest in India and Pakistan, and the famines the Ehrlichs predicted for the 1970s were averted. In subsequent
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Biological Sciences. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the British Royal Society, among many others. Neither was Norman Borlaug among his detractors, issuing the identical warning in his Nobel acceptance speech that Green Revolution crops were only buying the world time, unless population controls
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with nuclear weapons and billions of starving people. That’s a powder keg that we avoided.” Yet another University of Minnesota scientist, Green Revolution founder Norman Borlaug, warned that we’d really avoided nothing: we’d merely postponed the inevitable population crush. And now Pakistan, a nuclear power and initial Green Revolution
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Maize for the Developing World—Challenges and Prospects.” Biology Fortified, Inc., website, The Biofortified Blog, March 20, 2010. Borlaug, Norman. “Billions Served: An Interview with Norman Borlaug.” Interviewed by Ronald Bailey. Reason Magazine, April 2000. _______.Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech. Oslo, December 10, 1970. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates
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Benefactor of Humanity.” Atlantic Monthly, January 1997. _______.“The Man Who Defused the ‘Population Bomb.’ ” Wall Street Journal, September 16, 2009. Ehrlich, Paul R. “Homage to Norman Borlaug.” International Journal of Environmental Studies (Stanford University), vol. 66, no. 6 (February 2009): 673–77. Erisman, Jan Willem, Mark A. Sutton, James Galloway, Zbigniew Klimont
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Sustainability.” Chemical & Engineering News, vol. 86, no. 33 (August 18, 2008). Ronald, Bailey. “Norman Borlaug: The Greatest Humanitarian.” Forbes, September, 14, 2009. http://www.forbes.com/2009/09/14/norman-borlaug-green-revolution-opinions-contributors-ronald-bailey.html. Singh, Salil. “Norman Borlaug: A Billion Lives Saved, a World Connected.” AgBioWorld. http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info
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/topics/borlaug/special.html. Skorup, Jarrett. “Norman Borlaug: An American Hero.” Men’s News Daily, December, 30, 2009
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. http://mensnewsdaily.com/2009/12/30/norman-borlaug-an-american-hero. Smil, Vaclav. “Detonator of the Population Explosion.” Nature, vol. 400 (July 1999): 415. Smith
by Gregg Easterbrook · 20 Feb 2018 · 424pp · 119,679 words
creepy politicians and cringe-worthy cultural figures, it is said the young lack heroes. A shame, then, that hardly any young people recognize the name Norman Borlaug, despite his entirely admirable life, including the 1970 Nobel Peace Prize. Borlaug lived most of his years far from the land of his birth, assisting
by Tom Standage · 30 Jun 2009 · 282pp · 82,107 words
to store. When it came to the developing world, one man did more than anyone else to promote the spread of the new dwarf varieties: Norman Borlaug, an American agronomist. He went to Mexico in 1944 at the behest of the Rocke feller Foundation, which had established an agricultural research station there
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the number of hours of daylight between the two seasons. This meant their offspring could subsequently be cultivated in a wide range of different climates. Norman Borlaug. In 1952 Borlaug heard about the work being done with Norin 10, and the following year he received some seeds from America. He began to
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as Indian agronomists crossed the Mexican varieties with local strains to improve disease resistance. India’s wheat harvest reached 73.5 million tons in 1999. Norman Borlaug’s early success with high-yield dwarf varieties of wheat, meanwhile, had inspired researchers to do the same with rice. The International Rice Research Institute
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widespread currency, and it has remained in use ever since. The impact of the green revolution was already apparent by 1970, and in that year Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. “More than any other single person of this age, he has helped to provide bread for a hungry world
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between 1970 and 1995, for example, but the total area cultivated with cereals increased by just 4 percent. Globally, the figures are even more striking. Norman Borlaug has pointed out that world output of cereal grains tripled between 1950 and 2000, but the area used for cereal cultivation increased by only 10
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highlighted the pollution caused by chemically intensive agriculture, and managed to discredit the green revolution in the eyes of many donors. In the 1980s, when Norman Borlaug began a campaign to extend the green revolution to Africa, where it had had little impact, he found that attitudes were changing. Environmental lobby groups
by Joe Quirk and Patri Friedman · 21 Mar 2017 · 441pp · 113,244 words
the size of Rhode Island. “Imagine if this freshwater were freed up for other uses,” Ricardo says. From the Green Revolution to the Blue Revelation Norman Borlaug, a plant geneticist from Iowa, is credited by admirers with saving more than a billion lives. Detractors say he really “only” saved several hundred million
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initiated a campaign to ship the “miracle wheat” to starving nations such as India and Pakistan. In 1968 the US Agency for International Development dubbed Norman Borlaug’s achievement “the Green Revolution.” In 1970 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. During the second half of the twentieth century, global food production doubled
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most of the solar radiation, and most of the nutrients. It’s not even considering the equation. It’s silly.” In 1975, ten years after Norman Borlaug initiated his Green Revolution in starving nations, India blithely declined all foreign aid because it was too busy selling surplus food to the rest of
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in microcosm, they can scale to any size. This is a ratchet that could colonize the shallow seas. Will poor sea farmers seize this opportunity? Norman Borlaug, reminiscing about the Green Revolution, was adamant on this point: “Everybody says the peasant farmer in these countries is resistant to change. That’s not
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was funded almost entirely by developing countries and private charities, was nearly crushed in its infancy by government regulations. Bureaucracy Versus Borlaug In the fifties, Norman Borlaug bred a strain of wheat that produced three times as much food per acre as conventional wheat. Why did it take until the sixties to
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133, no. 2 (February 1979): 134–40, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/420181. Spiralina: www.energybits.com/about-algae/about-spirulina.html. Norman Borlaug: “Iowans Who Fed the World: Norman Borlaug: Geneticist.” AgBioWorld, last modified October 26, 2002, www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/topics/borlaug/iowans.html. David Pimentel . . . will scare the dirt
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/open-source-seafarming-a-blue-revolution-in-costa-rica. “Everybody says the peasant farmer in these countries is resistant to change. That’s not true.” Norman Borlaug quoted from interview: www.livinghistoryfarm.org/farminginthe50s/movies/borlaug_crops_16.html. subsistence fishermen and fisherwomen: N. Nurhayati, “Seaweed Farmers in Nusa Lembongan Pushed Aside
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, “Westtown Lake: Floating Wetlands Islands,” Floating Wetlands Solutions (2012). http://floatingwetlandsolutions.com/pdfs/Lubnow%20LakeLine%20article.pdf. In 1962, Borlaug and his colleague: J. Skorup, “Norman Borlaug: An American Hero,” Mackinac Center for Public Policy, last modified December 15, 2009, www.mackinac.org/11516. Between 1970 and 2009, aquaculture production grew at
by Johan Norberg · 31 Aug 2016 · 262pp · 66,800 words
exact opposite happened. Just when they said that the battle was lost, we made huge gains, and no one fought more bravely for humanity than Norman Borlaug, an agronomist from Iowa, who was obsessed with the problem of global hunger. In one episode of the TV series Bullshit! the magicians Penn and
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might be bluffing. Penn draws one card and immediately goes all in, because he knows he is going to win. He got lucky: he drew Norman Borlaug. The story of Borlaug and the global Green Revolution that he initiated begins in Mexico in 1944, when he started working there for the Rockefeller
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In 1970, Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in increasing the global food supply. As US Senator Rudy Boschwitz put it: Dr. Norman Borlaug is the first person in history to save a billion human lives. But he must also get credit for saving the wild creatures and diverse
by Tyler Cowen · 11 Apr 2012 · 364pp · 102,528 words
making blue corn tortillas all day long, yet still the tortillas are available. Another Green Revolution, the one associated with the formal name, originated from Norman Borlaug, and it too arrived first in central Mexico. I call this the third Green Revolution. Borlaug was an American scientist of Norwegian background who became
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gains in agriculture. The supply of food grew much faster than the world’s population from the years 1970 to 1990, in part because of Norman Borlaug’s Green Revolution. But since that time, agricultural gains have come at a slower rate. In particular agricultural productivity has not spread to Africa at
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has their agricultural productivity. In other words, Chinese demands push up the price of food, yet without bringing a new Green Revolution comparable to what Norman Borlaug did. The odds are that some Chinese will eventually make such an agricultural breakthrough, but in the meantime global food prices will be higher than
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), p. 21. On Borlaug and the spread of Borlaug’s Green Revolution, see Leon Hesser, The Man Who Fed the World: Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug and His Battle to End World Hunger (Dallas: Durban House Publishing Company, 2006), and chapter seven on the spread. On famine in Mao’s China
by Matt Ridley · 17 May 2010 · 462pp · 150,129 words
began crossing Norin 10 with other wheats to make new short-strawed varieties. In 1952 Vogel was visited by a scientist working in Mexico called Norman Borlaug, who took some Norin and Norin-Brevor hybrid seeds back to Mexico and began to grow new crosses. Within a few short years Borlaug had
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, the extraordinary transformation of Asian agriculture in the 1970s that banished famine from almost the entire continent even as population was rapidly expanding. In 1970 Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In effect, Borlaug and his allies had unleashed the power of fertiliser, made with fossil fuels. Since 1900 the
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agricultural land in the American Midwest lay uncultivated’. Clark, C. 1970. Starvation or Plenty? Secker and Warburg. p. 142 ‘a scientist working in Mexico called Norman Borlaug’. Easterbrook, G. 1997. Forgotten benefactor of humanity. The Atlantic Monthly. p. 143 ‘In 1968, after huge shipments of Mexican seed, the wheat harvest was extraordinary
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, Terry Anderson, June Arunga, Ron Bailey, Nick Barton, Roger Bate, Eric Beinhocker, Alex Bentley, Carl Bergstrom, Roger Bingham, Doug Bird, Rebecca Bliege Bird, the late Norman Borlaug, Rob Boyd, Kent Bradford, Stewart Brand, Sarah Brosnan, John Browning, Erwin Bulte, Bruce Charlton, Monika Cheney, Patricia Churchland, Greg Clark, John Clippinger, Daniel Cole, Greg
by Jeff Rubin · 2 Sep 2013 · 262pp · 83,548 words
carrying seeds from an experimental agricultural facility outside Mexico City. These particular seeds had been developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center by Norman Borlaug, an American agronomist who had been working on agricultural research in Mexico since 1944. Borlaug was born on a farm in Iowa in 1914. By
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of ingenuity, innovation and tenacity to help us negotiate demographic pressures that will mount with renewed urgency in the coming years. WHERE HAVE YOU GONE, NORMAN BORLAUG? A NATION TURNS ITS LONELY EYES TO YOU The American journalist George Will is attributed with saying that the future has a way of arriving
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to adapt, and there’s no reason why we won’t do so again. Human ingenuity shouldn’t be underestimated. Even now, there are more Norman Borlaugs working tirelessly to help usher in a better future. Undoubtedly, some of these researchers will make breakthroughs in renewable energy that will help us transition
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a column for ESPN.com under the moniker Tuesday Morning Quarterback. (www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/01/forgotten-benefactor-of-humanity/6101/) this page: Norman Borlaug may be the person most responsible for helping the world avoid the Malthusian fate predicted by Paul Ehrlich in The Population Bomb. Ironically, the pair
by Ronald Bailey · 20 Jul 2015 · 417pp · 109,367 words
Stuart and Brock Lending listened to and critiqued the ideas and data found in this book. I am forever grateful for meeting and learning from Norman Borlaug and Julian Simon. Their belief that human ingenuity will produce growing prosperity while safeguarding the natural world is being vindicated. Finally, and most important, I
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increase supplies. As it turns out, food plants and animals are populations, too, and can be, contrary to Malthus, increased at exponential rates. Norman Borlaug and the Green Revolution Norman Borlaug is the man who saved more human lives than anyone else in history. Borlaug was the father of the Green Revolution, the dramatic
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