The scramble for Africa, 1876-1912
by Thomas Pakenham · 19 Nov 1991 · 1,194pp · 371,889 words
Contents Praise for The Scramble for Africa About the Author By the same author: Copyright List of Illustrations Cartoons and engravings List of Maps Dedication Introduction Prologue The Crowning Achievement Ilala, Central
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and after Epilogue Scrambling Out Zimbabwe, Africa and Europe 18 April 1980, before and after Illustrations Chronology Sources Select Bibliography Notes Index Praise for The Scramble for Africa ‘Vast, scholarly and delightful’ Spectator ‘Pakenham tells the story with pace and compulsive readability … no historian could hope for a more wonderful subject, and Pakenham
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help to heal this open sore of the world.’ David Livingstone’s last words inlaid in brass on his tomb in Westminster Abbey Introduction The Scramble for Africa bewildered everyone, from the humblest African peasant to the master statesmen of the age, Lord Salisbury and Prince Bismarck. Ever since Roman times, Europe had
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my wife Valerie for sharing my ten-year trip down the rapids, modelling herself on Katharine Hepburn in The African Queen. Note: The term ‘The Scramble for Africa’ was apparently coined in 1884. Modern historians have not agreed exactly what period it should cover. I have used it to embrace the whole final
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ally in the man who, for the next decade, would do more than anyone else to see that Britain got her rightful share in the Scramble for Africa. This was Percy Anderson, head of the newly-created African Department in the Foreign Office, and brilliant (in a blinkered kind of way). Hewett reported
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himself on his insight into Stanley’s character and capacity for hero-worship. A lesser man, a less patient player at this great game, the Scramble for Africa, would have dismissed Stanley, but Leopold had kept him in reserve till exactly the moment when he would prove most useful. And here was the
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, 1963 Ashe, Robert, Two Kings of Uganda, 1889 Chronicles of Uganda, 1894 Autin, Jean, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Paris, 1985 Axelson, E., Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, Johannesburg, 1967 Aydelotte, W. O., Bismark and British Colonial Policy etc., Philadelphia, 1937 Banning, E., Mémoires Politiques et Diplomatiques, Paris/Brussels, 1927 Baratier, A. E
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Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza and the Establishment of French Imperialism in the Congo, 1875–1885, Aberdeen University, 1981 Oliver, R., Sir Henry Johnston and the Scramble for Africa, 1957 The Missionary Factor in East Africa, 1952; (2nd edn.), 1965 Oliver, R. and Mathew, G. (eds.), History of East Africa, 1, Oxford, 1963 Oliver
The Insatiable Machine
by Trevor Jackson · 15 Mar 2026 · 270pp · 104,133 words
.”3 New industrial technologies changed all of that. European empires expanded rapidly in the second half of the 19th century, especially in the so-called Scramble for Africa between roughly 1884 and 1914, when the entire continent was divided up into colonies, possessions, and zones of control.4 The most notorious example was
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price dropped from twenty-four pounds per kilogram to between one and two in 1913. This was the source of the quinine used during the Scramble for Africa.”10 In this way, a biotechnology derived from a South American tree was produced in Indonesia and sold to British imperialists, who used it to
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: Milward and Saul, Development of the Economies; Trebilcock, Industrialization of the Continental Powers. 2.Chandler, Visible Hand. 3.Headrick, Power over Peoples, 177. 4.Pakenham, Scramble for Africa. This book is outdated, and not widely esteemed by scholars in its field, but I know of no other broad survey of the subject. 5
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. B. “Royal Borrowing in the Reign of Elizabeth I: The Aftermath of Antwerp.” English Historical Review 86, no. 339 (1971): 251–63. Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa: The White Man’s Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912. 13th ed. Abacus, 1992. Pamuk, Şevket. A Monetary History of the Ottoman
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monopoly in East Africa, 35 foreign investment in, 217, 218 North Africa, 30–36, 113, 135, 156, 198 sub-Saharan Africa, 59, 139, 199 the “Scramble for Africa,” 199–202 trans-Saharan caravans, 20, 30–32, 135, 138–39 See also slavery; West Africa; specific communities and countries agency. See individual agency agriculture
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Príncipe, 32, 33, 83 scarcity, 7, 31, 55, 70, 92, 117–18, 132, 188–89 Schetz banking family, 45 Scotland, 84, 93, 143, 153, 175 “Scramble for Africa,” 199–202 Second World War, 162, 232 secondary markets, 67, 78–79, 90 Senegal, 59, 144 Senegambia, 113, 137, 142 serfdom, 21, 51–52, 77
How Africa Works: Success and Failure on the World’s Last Developmental Frontier
by Joe Studwell · 6 Dec 2025 · 393pp · 148,223 words
The Birth of Borders The major innovation that colonialism brought to Africa was national boundaries. It was an innovation with unfortunate consequences. The so-called ‘scramble for Africa’, between 1880 and 1905, during which 25 million of the 30 million square kilometres of territory and 110 million people were divided up between the
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History in Sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial Enslavement and Forced Labor’, International Labor and Working-Class History, 86 (2014), pp. 159–72. 32 Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa, 1876–1912 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991), chapter 14. The American journalist and writer Adam Hochschild estimates that half the Congo Free State population, or 10
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71–106 see also national identities and individual nation name patronage see patronage politics see politics and individual nation name reviews of progress, excitable 308 ‘scramble for Africa’ 34 short-termism and 62–7 slavery see slavery state formation within see state ‘traditional’, invention of 32–4 urbanisation see urbanisation white settlers and
Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East
by Scott Anderson · 5 Aug 2013
adroitly played off against one another for centuries—Germany was suddenly becoming an empire in its own right. Despite being a latecomer in the European “scramble for Africa,” by the mid-1880s it had established colonies in western, southern, and eastern Africa; in a fit of grandiosity, it even planted its flag in
Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil
by Nicholas Shaxson · 20 Mar 2007
like how some Americans today believe they should spread freedom and democracy overseas. The French had something similar, described in Thomas Pakenham’s classic The Scramble for Africa: Overseas empire would soothe the amour-propre of the French army, humiliated by its collapse in the Franco-Prussian war.4 . . . A whiff of colonial
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widely reported from, the Elf trials. See, for example, Karl Laske, “La pompe Afrique: Tours de passe-passe,” Libération, January 13, 2003. Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa, (London: Abacus, 1992) page xxiv. Ibid., page 358. Ibid., page 359. Ibid., page 154. From a BBC chronology, February 27, 2004. From Adam Hochschild’s
Winds of Change
by Peter Hennessy · 27 Aug 2019 · 891pp · 220,950 words
of the empire of free trade, rather than territory, which dominated what Ronald Robinson and Jack Gallagher called the ‘official mind’ of imperialism before the ‘Scramble for Africa’ in the late nineteenth century.15 On top of this modified version of ‘the imperialism of free trade’16 lay the ever-pressing perspective of
The Asian Financial Crisis 1995–98: Birth of the Age of Debt
by Russell Napier · 19 Jul 2021 · 511pp · 151,359 words
we have discovered since the Asian financial crisis, a fact that has major political ramifications. One hundred years after Fashoda 28 July 1998, Regional The scramble for Africa bewildered everyone, from the humblest African peasant to the master statesmen of the age, Lord Salisbury and Prince Bismarck … Africa was sliced up like a
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in Africa? Anglo-French rivalry explains a great deal – but not enough. Historians are as puzzled now as the politicians were then. Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa, 1991 A memorable peace conference, as it was a memorable conflict, no longer of individuals engaged in a race for accumulation, but of grouped monopolistic
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much supply/not enough demand) environment. In that environment, the capitalists’ scramble for Asian capacity can be seen as perhaps as inexplicable as the politicians’ scramble for Africa at the turn of the last century. At its most mystifying peak (17 September to 4 December 1898), the French and English armies stood facing
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. The point was the British had to be there because the French were there, and vice versa. That was the dynamic which drove the political scramble for Africa, and it is a similar logic among capitalists which is driving the scramble for Asia. You may not think that it’s rational, and there
Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
by Martin Meredith · 1 Jan 2007 · 649pp · 181,179 words
a royal charter for his company only because it suited the interests of Lord Salisbury; preoccupied with the need to keep Britain ahead in the Scramble for Africa among European powers, Salisbury saw a means to extend British influence on the cheap, at no cost to the public exchequer. In harnessing allies to
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quarters. Rose Innes was one of the few who declined Rhodes’ offer. Lauded by the press, the Rhodes phenomenon caught the public imagination. With the Scramble for Africa reaching a climax, empire-builders in Africa were regarded as popular heroes. Rhodes was seen as upholding the tradition set by David Livingstone, General Gordon
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build railways and telegraphs into the interior and to develop mineral and agricultural resources were held up as examples of what needed to follow. The Scramble for Africa added a sense of urgency, justifying the kind of decisive action that Rhodes was willing to take. In August 1888, an ardent young imperialist, Harry
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Odendaal, André. Vukani Bantu! The Beginnings of Black Protest Politics in South Africa to 1912. Cape Town: 1984 Oliver, Roland. Sir Harry Johnston and the Scramble for Africa. London: 1957 Omer-Cooper, John D. The Zulu Aftermath: A Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Bantu Africa. London: 1966 Orpen, Joseph Millerd. Reminiscences of Life in
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Sargant, Edmund Sauer, Dr Hans Sauer, Jacobus Scanlen, Thomas Schreiner (née Reitz), Fanny Schreiner, Olive Schreiner, William Milner’s talks with new constitution criticised by Scramble for Africa Scully, William Sebele Second World War Sekhukhune Burgers launches war against Shepstone’s commission received by Sekhukhune II Selborne, Lord Selous, Fred Shaw, Flora She
The Plundered Planet: Why We Must--And How We Can--Manage Nature for Global Prosperity
by Paul Collier · 10 May 2010 · 288pp · 76,343 words
natural resources and food to unprecedented levels; it took a global financial crisis to puncture them. In turn, the price hike has triggered a new scramble for Africa, pumping revenues into the continent. China, the giant of the emerging market economies, comes without the baggage of colonialism; indeed, many of the countries of
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as though it would gradually be adopted over the ensuing decade. Instead, there followed an unprecedented global commodity boom and what might be called the Scramble for Africa Mark II. The Scramble for Africa Mark I, otherwise known as colonialism, had been between the various European imperial powers over the continent’s natural assets. The
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Scramble for Africa Mark II was over those same assets, but predominantly between Asia and North America. In this second Scramble China avoided head-to-head competition by
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of the blame chain. Although Eritrea has a complicated colonial history, it was a relatively brief one. Italy was late on the scene in the scramble for Africa and Eritrea was the last place left to grab. As those first Italian colonizers scanned the terrain around the turn of the twentieth century one
Africa: A Biography of the Continent
by John Reader · 5 Nov 1998 · 1,072pp · 297,437 words
. 14, pp. 12 – 13 Galbraith, J.S., 1963, Reluctant Empire, Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press Galbraith, John S., 1971, ‘Gordon, MacKinnon, and Leopold: the scramble for Africa 1876 – 84’, Vict. Stud., vol. 14, pp. 369 – 88 Galenson, David W., 1986, Traders, Planters, and Slaves. Market Behaviour in Early English America, Cambridge, Cambridge
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Gregory, J. W., Cordell, D.D., and Gervais, R., (eds.), 1984, African Historical Demography, Edinburgh, African Studies Centre, University of Edinburgh Griffiths, Ieuan, 1986, ‘The scramble for Africa: inherited political boundaries’, Geogr. J., vol. 152, pp. 204 – 16 Grigson, C., 1989, ‘Size and sex: evidence for domestication of cattle in the Near East
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, 1937, Cambridge, Hakluyt Society (Ser. II, vol. 79) Page, Melvin E., (ed.), 1987, Africa and the First World War, London, Macmillan Pakenham, Thomas, 1991, The Scramble for Africa, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson Park, Mungo, 1813, Travels to the Interior of Africa, London Parker, I.S. C., and Graham, A.D., 1989, ‘Elephant decline: downward
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