Silicon Roundabout

The Flat White Economy
by Douglas McWilliams
Published 15 Feb 2015

Work and play The UK Esquire article about Silicon Roundabout19 describes a ‘Ping Pong Fight Club’, “a wholesome night-time gathering of the brightest tech sparks from London’s Silicon Roundabout, and a mock-competitive midweek tournament featuring 64 players (both male and female, though mostly male), sixteen rounds of table-tennis, six bright blue tables, four sassy semi-clad cheerleaders (courtesy of Crystal Palace FC), a vast array of wacky shorts, T-shirts and even wackier headbands, and a singularly woeful MC whose repeated comedic references to early Nineties Saturday TV staple Gladiators fall on the deaf ears of an audience whose mean age is pushing the upper limits of 27.” The point is made that the Silicon Roundabout lifestyle involves both work and play and that the two are mutually reinforcing.

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t=349393 16. amsterdamize.com/2011/11/21/bicycle-cultures-are-man-made 17. www.newscientist.com/article/dn24636-despite-the-deaths-cycling-in-london-is-getting-safer.html#.VETGl_nF-So 18. www.businessinsider.com/peter-thiel-ama-2014–9#ixzz3GflCaosA 19. www.esquire.co.uk/culture/features/5720/the-silicon-roundabout 20. The article attributes the phrase Silicon Roundabout to a tweet from software developer Matt Biddulph working out of Moo.com in July 2007. 21. www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/01/google-new-london-headquarters 22. Quote from The Guardian article above. 23. Ibid. 24. www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc126/ 25. s3.amazonaws.com/bbpa-prod/attachments/documents/resources/22617/original/Oxford%20Economics%20for%20the%20BBPA%20Regional%20 Impacts%20Jan%202014.pdf?

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Skills, talent and a lively labour supply of young creative people – that’s why the Flat White Economy is in London. And why EC1V? Why the Old Street area? Well, it is the nearest point of what might loosely be called Central London that’s within reach of the less expensive housing in East and North London. That is why Old Street Roundabout has become popularly known as ‘Silicon Roundabout. The scale of this new economy is such that it has affected – directly or indirectly – the whole UK economy. Roughly one third of the UK economy (30.7%) is now in business and financial services: this contributed 54% of the total GDP growth between 2010 and Q2 of 2014. Obviously not all of this growth is from the Flat White Economy.

Cities Are Good for You: The Genius of the Metropolis
by Leo Hollis
Published 31 Mar 2013

Investors and angels can come and see what is happening and offer advice, perhaps even investment, connecting new entrepreneurs with the wider Silicon Roundabout community. There are small office spaces for private meetings and, for the more regular workers, a permanent desk. The project is geared to promote connections and good ideas. And looking around on my visit, despite the quietness and atmosphere of concentration within the main spaces, this place is as active as the Amsterdam Bourse on a busy day. Inside TechHub Silicon Roundabout was born out of enterprises and good ideas like TechHub; however, this new community has not been built on a blank slate but upon decades of history.

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She called for the government to invest with small grants in the people rather than the place, ‘so that a young entrepreneur can eat for six months’ at the crucial prototype stages of starting a business rather than being forced to work on new projects around the day job. In addition, Varley suggested that we should stop comparing Silicon Roundabout with Silicon Valley. The comparisons make little sense, she noted: Santa Clara is a one-industry town while London is creative in so many different ways. It is unlikely that the UK will develop a new Facebook or Twitter, but with initiatives like the DCE (the Digital City Exchange) connecting Silicon Roundabout with academics from Imperial College, London, there is hope of finding innovations in healthcare, sustainability or data management. Similarly, I hoped to find the same story in Bangalore, and had travelled to see whether the city was more than a highly skilled service provider for the hi-tech companies of the world, or whether it had the potential to start up its own economic revolution.

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As Freeman Murray told me, in Bangalore ‘there is a large population that has been raised on the idea that IT is a path to success, and these people are reading all the same websites as people in Silicon Valley and watching the success that is happening there’. But just as in Silicon Roundabout, that talent needs to be developed. Good ideas come about as a result of the interconnections between people, places and notions. If Bangalore is going to become the creative city that it undoubtedly promises to be, places like Jaaga are as important in nurturing the possible as the legislative and entrepreneurial support that give life to business. As I return to Silicon Roundabout once more, I am forced to rethink my assumptions about the creative city. I need to reconsider how the long-term history of the neighbourhood is as significant as the latest round of headline investments and news stories.

Britannia Unchained: Global Lessons for Growth and Prosperity
by Kwasi Kwarteng , Priti Patel , Dominic Raab , Chris Skidmore and Elizabeth Truss
Published 12 Sep 2012

As an industry which has a value of half a billion pounds a year, the ‘app economy’ demonstrates the integral role that technology plays in the modern market.113 Sixty per cent of teenage smartphone users admit to being highly addicted. All these new sectors are set to increase exponentially in the coming years.114 The creation of apps is something the UK currently excels in with the creators of TweetDeck, Last.fm and Moo.com – the creators of the ubiquitous Moshi Monsters – all based in Shoreditch’s Silicon Roundabout.115 However, it is only through a technically literate and highly educated workforce that the UK, and the rest of the West, will be able to continue to take advantage of these opportunities. Otherwise jobs in these emerging sectors will be snapped up by highly educated, tech savvy and low-cost workers in Bangalore and Guadalajara.

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Many of film’s most famous franchises have been filmed in British studios: not just Harry Potter or James Bond, but also Star Wars, Indiana Jones, and Pirates of the Caribbean. 98 Britannia Unchained Table 5.3 Number of companies by region Turnover (£ millions) Region North East North West Yorkshire & The Humber East Midlands West Midlands East London South East South West Wales Scotland Northern Ireland Total 1<5 2010 2011 5 < 10 2010 2011 10 + 2010 2011 3,270 3,080 12,700 12,105 515 2,110 505 1,990 605 2,265 545 4,390 4,130 2,095 17,075 16,185 9,525 8,725 10,865 13,085 23,810 19,930 9,650 4,005 7,825 3,290 1,590 1,350 1,670 1,985 4,120 2,965 1,350 620 1,325 605 1,455 1,195 1,445 1,850 3,910 2,775 1,270 565 1,245 550 1,700 1,455 1,805 2,225 5,425 3,610 1,335 630 1,485 580 1,565 1,400 1,695 2,130 5,160 3,455 1,300 590 1,385 540 8,825 8,235 10,105 12,290 22,885 18,730 9,190 3,830 7,365 3,140 Total 2010 2011 12,815 11,530 14,345 17,295 33,355 26,500 12,335 5,255 10,635 4,475 11,850 10,830 13,245 16,270 31,955 24,960 11,755 4,985 9,995 4,235 126,680 119,780 20,205 18,755 23,120 21,860 170,005 160,395 Already, there are promising signs of an organically growing start-up scene in London’s Silicon Roundabout and Tech City. There are now an estimated 5,000 technology companies in East London.44 While none has the importance of a Google or a Facebook, Last.fm, Songkick and TweetDeck are genuinely global brands. Swedish music company Spotify has chosen to locate its head office in London. A busy schedule of hackathons, meetups and pitching days are helping cement the entrepreneurial culture.

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The British education system has stagnated, but still contains some of the best universities and schools in the world to build on. The British are working less hard than they used to, but pockets of work ethic still exist among 112 Britannia Unchained the industrious taxi drivers or in the culture of the City of London. The British no longer lead the world in innovation, but the start-ups of Silicon Roundabout show the spirit of entrepreneurism still lives on. Britain will never be as big as China or Brazil, but we can look forward to a new generation, ready to get to work. If we are to take advantage of these opportunities, we must get on the side of the responsible, the hard working and the brave.

The Great Economists Ten Economists whose thinking changed the way we live-FT Publishing International (2014)
by Phil Thornton
Published 7 May 2014

The areas of industrial dynamics, which looks at the growth of capabilities within an industry rather than just a firm, and economic geography, which looks at how economic activity is organised, that feed into today’s government business policies, are in part a reflection of the way that Marshall saw the world. The focus on finding a way to mimic the modern high-tech industrial districts of Silicon Glen near Cambridge and the Silicon Roundabout in London’s East End reflect his contribution. Marshall opens Principles of Economics with the grand claim that economics is a ‘study of men as they live and move and think in the ordinary business of life’. He wanted the book 88 The Great Economists to be read and used by business leaders of his time.

The Best Interface Is No Interface: The Simple Path to Brilliant Technology (Voices That Matter)
by Golden Krishna
Published 10 Feb 2015

Silicon Fen, 37. Silicon Forest, 38. Silicon Glen, 39. Silicon Goli, 40. Silicon Gorge, 41. Silicon Gulf, 42. Silicon Harbor, 43. Silicon Hill, 44. Silicon Hills, 45. Silicon Lagoon, 46. Silicon Lane, 47. Silicon Mall, 48. Silicon Mallee, 49. Silicon Mill, 50. Silicon Peninsula, 51. Silicon Pier, 52. Silicon Roundabout, 53. Silicon Sandbar, 54. Silicon Savannah, 55. Silicon Saxony, 56. Silicon Sentier, 57. Silicon Shipyard, 58. Silicon Shire, 59. Silicon Shore, 60. Silicon Sloboda, 61. Silicon Slopes, 62. Silicon Spa, 63. Silicon St, 64. Silicon Surf, 65. Silicon Swamp, 66. Silicon Taiga, 67. Silicon Valley, 68.

The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention
by Simon Baron-Cohen
Published 14 Aug 2020

Today, as more Eindhovens and Silicon Valleys take root and blossom in every country, bringing hyper-systemizers together who make families, what might we expect the future to hold? Chapter 9 Nurturing the Inventors of the Future Eindhovens and Silicon Valleys are springing up across the planet—from Silicon Alley in New York to Silicon Roundabout in London, Silicon Fen in Cambridge, Cyberabad in Hyderabad, and the Silicon Valley of India, Bangalore. This means that, as more and more people who are wired for hyper-systemizing are meeting and having children, we can expect more autistic children to be born in these communities. We need to anticipate and plan for the special needs of these autistic children who may require—and who have a right to—lifelong support.

Capitalism Without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy
by Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake
Published 7 Nov 2017

It is rare to see a modern government that does not have some sort of strategy for supporting or building local clusters, especially in high-innovation sectors. (Witness the dozens of Silicon-soundalike names that have been coined around the world in homage to northern California’s tech cluster—from Silicon Roundabout in London and Silicon Wadi in Israel, to any number of more aspirational variants elsewhere.) Cluster policy is appealing in part because of the glamorous and well-publicized success of places like Silicon Valley and Israel’s tech sector—what politician wouldn’t want their country to be at the forefront of a technological revolution?

The Wealth of Humans: Work, Power, and Status in the Twenty-First Century
by Ryan Avent
Published 20 Sep 2016

While the big banks operate in the ‘Square Mile’ (the historic City of London) or Canary Wharf, hedge funds and private equity shops increasingly locate in the West End. Their presence has ushered what was already an extremely tony area to new levels of toniness. Tech start-ups, by contrast, once concentrated near ‘Silicon Roundabout’ – the Old Street area, just north of the City – but are now as likely to be found in Shoreditch, in gritty, hip East London, or south of the Thames: on the South Bank or farther south and west near Wandsworth. That’s where I live, in a beautiful neighbourhood I can’t really afford, surrounded by hard-charging professionals of all sorts, living the high life in a city that has become a playground for the rich, the quite rich, and the really very rich.

The 100-Year Life: Living and Working in an Age of Longevity
by Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott
Published 1 Jun 2016

Being at the hub of one of these networks, being well connected or being seen as a creator of new ideas is the intangible asset that can really boost reputation and provide the possibility of financial benefit at later stages. This focus on connectivity as both an input and a measure of success explains why smart cities are growing and attracting clusters of independent producers.18 Although the popular focus is on independent producers in the technology clusters such as Silicon Valley in California, Silicon Roundabout in London, Bangalore in India and Chengdu in China, it is clear that the independent producer stage can be a great deal farther-reaching and many more clusters will form. These clusters will become ever more important and pervasive because the independent producer stage is essentially experiential; for most, it cannot be easily achieved by living remotely and digitally.

Digital Empires: The Global Battle to Regulate Technology
by Anu Bradford
Published 25 Sep 2023

Following the recent, significant regulatory crackdown on the tech industry by the Chinese government and the restrictions imposed by the US government, several Chinese tech companies are now diversifying their business opportunities and investing heavily in overseas expansion—focusing on markets outside of both China and the US.46 The US tech companies, while at times reviled for their excessive market power and extractive data practices, are often admired for their success. There are numerous examples of countries attempting to replicate the success of US tech companies by emulating California’s startup haven, the Silicon Valley. Examples of Silicon Valley replicas include “Silicon Wadi” in Tel-Aviv, Israel; “Silicon Roundabout” in London, UK; “Chilecon Valley” in Santiago, Chile; “Silicon Allee” in Berlin, Germany; “Silicon Lagoon” in Lagos, Nigeria; and “Silicon Savannah” in Nairobi, Kenya. One of the earliest examples is the United Arab Emirates’ “Internet City” in Dubai, which was established around the same time as California’s Silicon Valley.

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American Civil Liberties Union, 46 Republican Party, 56, 272 research and development AI, 153–54, 197 Chinese students and researchers, 196–97 Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) (US), 59 semiconductor, 59–60 RFE/RL (Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty), 270 Rhodium Group, 93–94 Rice, Condoleeza, 271 rights to be forgotten, 112–13, 339–40 California Privacy Rights Act, 54–55 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EU Charter), 110–11, 112, 116 cyber civil rights, 53–54 digital, 324–59 digital society of rights and values, 25 European, 324–59 European Convention of Human Rights, 112 globalization of, 324–59 of Muslims, 156–57 to privacy, 4, 111–13 safeguarding, 110–18 rights-driven regulations criticism of, 136–45 European model, 6–10, 16–20, 21–22, 23–24, 25, 28–29, 57–63, 91–94, 105–45, 221–54, 324–59, 361, 366–69 global influence, 16–20, 324–59 vs. market-driven regulations, 221–54 Roberts, Margaret E., 81–82, 83 Rohingya, 17–18, 280, 283 Romania, 144 Roskomnadzor, 309, 311–12 Ross, Wilbur, 226 Rozenshtein, Alan, 61–62 Rubio, Marco, 196–97 Rudd, Amber, 281–82 Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures (Blocking Rules) (China), 200, 202 Russel, Stuart, 66–67 Russia 5G networks, 312 antitrust regulation, 344–45 battles with tech companies, 13–14, 163 BRICS Leaders Declaration, 303 content controls, 180–81 cyberattacks, 134 data localization requirements, 330–31 demands on Meta, 338 digital authoritarianism, 135, 308–13 Digital Divide projects, 268 disinformation campaigns, 120–21 Federal Security Service, 312–13 hate speech law, 140–41 and international code of conduct for information security, 303 internet sovereignty, 309–10 invasion of Ukraine, 13–14, 62, 163, 233–34, 253, 312–13, 384, 392 “law against Apple,” 312 propaganda, 308, 312–13 regulations, 308–13 relations with China, 310–13 sanctions against, 163, 197–98 search engine market, 260–61 social media restrictions, 284 Sovereign Internet Law, 308–9 surveillance technology, 312 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-autocracy, 389–90 US–Russia Cold War, 217–18, 270 Yarovaya law, 309 Russia Today, 312–13 Russian Antimonopoly Service (FAS), 344–45 Russian apps, 312 Russian hackers, 67 safe cities, 296–97, 300–1, 314–16. see also smart cities Safe Harbor data transfer agreement, 111, 229–30 Safe Philippines project, 300 SAMR (State Administration for Market Regulation) (China), 204 Samsung, 215–16, 261 sanctions Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (AFSL) (China), 202–3 against China, 185–86, 197–99, 218–19 against Chinese firms, 102–3, 166–67 cyber sanctions, 206–7 to deter malicious cyber activity, 134, 197–99 against Russia, 163, 197–98 against Russian oligarchs, 309–10 Santiago, Chile, 263 SAP, 108, 136–37 Sasse, Ben, 192–93 Saudi Arabia, 270–71, 308, 316, 389–90 5G networks, 193–94 China’s influence on, 299–300 Saverin, Eduardo, 374–75 SCCs (standard contractual clauses), 231–32 Schmidt, Eric, 75, 208, 274–75, 389–90 Schmit, Nicolas, 128 Schneir, Bruce, 101 Schrems, 229–30 Schrems, Max, 230–32, 235–36 Schrems II, 230–34 Schwab, Andreas, 249 Schwartz, Paul, 325 science and technology diplomats, 302 search engines, 153–54. see also specific technologies Secure Campus Act (US), 196–97 Secure Equipment Act (US), 193 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (US), 14–15, 174–75, 176–78 security cybersecurity, 60, 62, 173 Cybersecurity Law (China), 79–80, 94–95 Cybersecurity Review Measures (China), 94–95 Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), 175 Data Security Law (DSL) (China), 79–80, 94–95, 175 international code of conduct for information security, 303 national, 66–67, 164–78 National Security Law (China), 79–80 Prague Proposals, 320–21 societal, 85 self-regulation, 39–40, 47–48, 63–64 self-sufficiency, 73–75, 199–211, 217–18 Semiconductor Industry Association (US), 218 semiconductors advanced, 217–18 global market, 74–75, 134–35, 215–16 research and development, 59–60 US export controls, 190 US–China tech war, 211 Senegal, 285–86 Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Islands), 156–57 SenseTime, 85, 189–90 Sequoia Capital, 373 Serbia, 301 sex trafficking, 51–52, 53–55 Shanghai Cooperation Organization, 303 Sharp Eyes initiative (China), 4–5, 86 Shein, 165 Shenzhen, China, 35 Sherry, Linda, 355–56 Shu Yinbiao, 305 Sichuan, China, 314 Siemens, 263, 321 Siemens/Alstom, 248 Silicon Allee (Berlin), 263 Silicon Lagoon (Lagos), 263 Silicon Roundabout (London), 263 Silicon Savannah (Nairobi), 263 Silicon Valley, 7–8, 33–35, 42, 92–93, 263, 283–84, 374 Silicon Wadi (Tel-Aviv), 263 Singapore, 266–67, 322 Singapore-New Zealand-Chile Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, 322 Siri (Apple), 59 Slack, 76–77 Small Business Administration (SBA), 59 smart cities AI cities, 208–9 on Chinese Digital Silk Road, 195, 291–92, 296–97, 298, 305, 312, 314–15, 316–17 surveillance systems, 85–86, 296, 312, 316–17 technical standards, 305, 316–17 smartphones, 70–71, 215–16 Smith, Brad, 62, 138 Smith, Christopher, 276 Snap Inc., 76–77, 382–83 Snapchat, 116–17, 280–81 Snowden, Edward, 4–5, 7–8, 61, 198–99, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 social credit, 8–9, 87–88 social fairness, 124 social media, 41, 64–65, 215–16 Chinese platforms, 80, 82–83, 154–55, 166–67, 293, 312–13 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 role in Brexit, 280 role in January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol, 141 role in terrorist attacks, 281–82 US platforms, 280–83 social media companies, 280–83, 362–63. see also specific companies by name Social Principles of Human-Centric AI (Social Principles) (Japan), 349–50 social stability, 70 societal security, 85 Softbank, 176 software developers, 73 Soho China, 204 SolarWinds hack, 60 Sonos, 330 Sony Ericsson, 263 SoundCloud, 76–77 South Africa, 303 South America, 301. see also specific countries by name South and South-East Asia, 260, 300. see also specific countries by name South Korea, 211, 333–34, 337, 344–45 Anti-Google Law (Telecommunications Business Act 31), 347 Digital Divide projects, 268 techno-democracy, 389–90 Sovereign Internet Law (Russia), 308–9 sovereign RuNet, 308–9 sovereignty data, 297 digital, 132–33, 135, 186, 215, 245–46, 354 internet, 288–89, 309–10 technological, 132–33, 180–81, 234 Spain antitrust investigations, 345 data privacy law, 333–34 digital policy, 142 digital services tax (DST), 126–27, 239, 242 Google News withdrawal from, 122–23 privacy culture, 143–44 protections for platform workers, 128–29 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 193–94 smart cities, 296–97 surveillance practices, 102, 143–44 speech freedom of, 41–42, 46–47, 116–18 hate speech, 281 Hate Speech Code (Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online) (EU), 116–17 hate speech rules, 9–10, 55–56, 116–17, 140–41 NetzDG law (Germany), 140–41 splinternet, 16, 179–80, 181, 388 Spotify, 238 Sputnik, 312–13 spyware, 143–44, 316 standard contractual clauses (SCCs), 231–32 standards China Standards 2035 plan, 304 Chinese, 291 Chinese influence on, 302–8, 316–17 data privacy, 324–25 digital trust, 320–21 IPv6+ (proposed), 307 New IP (proposed), 306–7 for smart cities, 316–17 technical, 291, 302–8, 316–17 Stanford University, 33–34, 59, 210–11 Stasi (East German Ministry for State Security), 111–12 State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) (China), 204 state aid, 243–44 state control Chinese state-driven regulatory model, 6–10, 16–20, 21, 23–25, 28–29, 57–63, 69–104, 108, 131–36, 364–66, 391–92 criticism of, 99–104 global consequences, 16–20 vs. market-driven regulations, 36–40 Russian state-driven regulatory model, 308–13 with surveillance, 85–88 with tech companies, 88–91 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) (US), 48–49 #StopHateForProfit boycott, 384 strategic autonomy, 132–34, 186 Stratton Oakmont v Prodigy, 43–44 subsidies, 134–35 Sudan, 297–98 Sugon, 161–62 Sullivan, Jake, 209, 251–52, 351 Summit of Democracy, 390 Sun Jiandong, 80 Sunstein, Cass, 64–65 surveillance capitalism, 4, 66, 135–36, 368–69 surveillance imperialism, 17 surveillance technology(-ies) AI-driven, 85, 293 Chinese, 77–91, 297–98, 314–20 citizen response, 88–91 Commerce Control List (US), 188–89 and crime, 85, 296–97, 301, 314 cybersurveillance, 134 digital, 4–5, 61, 85–88, 99–100, 170 ECU-911, 301 globalization of, 314–20 government, 4–5, 17, 60–62 Safe Philippines project, 300 Snowden revelations, 4–5, 7–8, 61, 198–99, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 standards for, 306 transatlantic data transfers, 226–36 Susquehanna, 93 Sweden, 142, 272–73, 319–20, 374, 389 Switzerland, 333–34 Syria, 3, 270–71, 274 T-12 group, 389 Taiwan, 78–79, 80, 211, 216–17, 319–20 Tajikistan, 303 Taliban, 274, 282 Tanzania, 282–83, 299 Tauzin, William, 44–45 taxation bit taxes, 286 Data Mining Tax (New York), 239–40 digital services taxes (DSTs), 126–28, 142–43, 224, 236–41, 352 global deal, 240–42 national regimes, 142–43 Tech-10, 389–90 tech companies. see also specific companies by name acquisitions, 50–51 AI developments, 208–9 battles among, 382 Chinese, 70–71, 93–94, 98–99, 102–3, 151–52, 164–79, 189–90, 192–96, 208–9, 215–16, 262–63 Clean Telcos, 320–21 concern with the Brussels effect, 353–59 content moderation, 338–39 countermeasures against the Brussels effect, 356–59 custodians of the internet, 141 data collection from, 61 data privacy policies, 326–32 European, 108, 136–37 global influence, 259–65 global sales, 215–16 government battles, 13–16, 25–26, 61–62, 152–64, 205, 222, 376–85 hardware companies, 73 internet companies, 70–71 large, 377–78, 381–85 largest public internet companies, 70–71 liberation of, 42–45 new governors, 259–60 political influence, 55–56 private power, 20 regulation of, 377–78. see also regulation(s) Silicon Valley replicas, 263 social media companies, 166–67 state-controlled surveillance with, 88–91 terms of service, 338 US, 14–15, 108, 149–50, 151, 152–64, 205, 222, 257–58, 259–65 TechAmerica Europe, 357 technical standards, 291, 302–8 techno-autocracy(-ies), 22, 292, 388–93 techno-democracy(-ies), 22, 320, 388–93 techno-libertarianism, 34–35, 38–39, 257–89 techno-nationalism, 75–76, 184–85, 211, 212–15, 224, 249 techno-optimism, 33, 48, 122 technological self-sufficiency, 199–211, 217–18 technological sovereignty, 132–33, 180–81, 234 technology(-ies) 5G network, 133–34 backlash against, 55 censorship, 77–91 Chinese, 21, 72–75, 77–91, 92–93 chokepoint, 206 critical assets, 192–96 “Declaration for the Future of the Internet,” 390 decoupling from consumer markets, 178–82, 388 deep tech, 206–7 facial recognition, 85, 138, 298–99 geoblocking, 338, 339 hard tech, 96–97 regulation of, 1–29, 360–93. see also regulation(s) science and technology diplomats, 302 smart city, 85, 296–97 standards for, 305 surveillance, 77–91 US export limitations on, 188–92 US–China tech war, 10–11, 96–97, 103, 151–52, 164, 179–80, 183–220, 295, 361, 366, 386, 387 technopolarity, 259–60 Tel-Aviv, Israel, 263 telecommunications 4G networks, 297–98 5G networks, 133–34, 187–88, 190, 192–94, 293, 301, 320–21 Chinese tech exports, 293 network equipment, 70–71, 194, 215–16 security guidelines, 320–21 Telecommunications Act (US), 43–44 Telecommunications Business Act 31 (Anti-Google Law) (South Korea), 347 Telegram, 285–86, 311–12 Tencent, 108, 154 antitrust blockade, 347–48 Chinese state support, 8–9, 71, 94, 391–92 DSR operations, 294–95 global influence, 70–71, 73, 208–9, 293 global revenues, 262–63 social responsibility programs, 98–99 US funding, 93–94 Teradyne, 218 terrorist attacks, 61–62, 281–82 terrorist propaganda, 3, 117 Tesla, 142–43, 215–16 Texas, 56, 336 TFDPA (Act on Improvement of Transparency and Fairness in Trading on Specified Digital Platforms) (Japan), 346–47 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 305–6 Thomson, Derek, 101 Thucydides Trap, 216–17 Tiananmen Square protests (1989), 76–77, 78–79 Tibet, 78–79, 153–54 Tigrayans, 283 TikTok battles with governments, 14–15, 151–52, 169–70, 193–94 Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online (Hate Speech Code), 116–17 content moderation, 341 Disinformation Code, 120 global influence, 70–71, 100, 215–16, 260, 293–94 Indian ban on, 169–70, 193–94 relations with Meta, 170 Russian fines, 309–10 UK Parliament account, 169–70 US attempts to ban, 102–3, 151–52, 165–72, 200–1 US presence, 165, 178 Toomey, Patrick, 236 trade Chinese exports, 290–323 digital trade agreements, 322–23 Export Administration Regulations (EAR) (US), 189–90 Export Control Reform Act (ECRA) (US), 188–89 transatlantic war, 236–42 US export controls, 15, 188–92, 218–19, 366 US–China trade war, 97, 185–86, 188–92, 200 Trade Act (US), 238–39 Trade and Technology Council (TTC) (US-EU), 252–54 Trans-Pacific Partnership, 213 transatlantic data transfers, 226–36 battles over, 222–23, 228–31 future directions, 231–36 standard contractual clauses (SCCs), 231–32 transatlantic regulatory battles, 26–27, 221–54 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, 253–54, 359 Transatlantic Trade and Technology Council, 359 transatlantic trade war, 236–42 Treaty of the European Union, 110, 118 Trip Advisor, 358 Truex, Rody, 197 Trump, Donald America First policy, 213 complaints against EU antitrust policy, 245 disinformation propagation, 277–78 efforts to ban Chinese tech companies, 102–3, 166–68 efforts to discipline social media companies, 49–50 efforts to restrict entry of individuals from Muslim-majority countries, 156–57 internet freedom agenda, 276–77 and Malofeev, 309–10 presidential campaign (2016), 368–69 suspension from social media, 384 transatlantic trade war, 238–39 US–China tech war, 184–85, 192–93, 208, 213, 218 Tsargrad TV (YouTube channel), 309–10 TTC (Trade and Technology Council) (US-EU), 252–54 Tumblr, 76–77 Tunisia, 272–74 Turkey, 338, 344–45, 374 5G networks, 193–94 digital services taxes (DSTs), 352 21Vianet Group, 154 Twitch, 76–77 Twitter Apple’s new anti-tracking measures and, 382–83 Arab Spring posts, 272 Chinese blockade, 76–77, 78–79, 80 compliance with EU laws and regulations, 116–17, 163 content moderation, 3, 7–8, 65–66, 337–38, 341, 377–78, 384–85 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 Disinformation Code, 120 employee walkout, 384–85 European headquarters, 142–43 fact checks, 49–50, 82–83, 277 global influence, 133–34, 257–58 harmful content, 141, 282–83 Hate Speech Code, 116–17 hateful conduct, 338 propaganda on, 282–83 purchase by Musk, 105 role in Brexit, 17–18, 280 role in cyberterrorism, 284 role in spread of false information, 65 Russian blockade, 163, 309–10, 311–13 support for internet freedom, 274–75, 284 withdrawal from China, 8–9 Uber, 165 Uber drivers, 128–29 UEL (Unreliable Entities List) (China), 200–1, 218–19 Uganda, 282–83, 317–18 Ukraine battles with tech companies, 13–14 cyber defense, 62 Russian invasion of, 13–14, 62, 163, 233–34, 253, 312–13, 384, 392 unicorns, tech, 136–37 unipolar world, 386 United Arab Emirates, 193–94, 299–300 United Kingdom (UK), 337 5G networks, 301 antitrust regulation, 345–46 Brexit campaign, 17–18, 120–21, 280 Competition and Markets Authority, 345–46 content moderation, 342 data protection law, 333–34 digital policy, 142 digital services tax (DST), 126–27, 239, 242 e-commerce market, 262 G7 relations, 321–22 nonregulation principle, 266–67 Online Safety Bill (OSB), 342 Parliament, 169–70 protections for platform workers, 128–29 relations with China, 197–98 Remain campaign, 17–18 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 193–94 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-democracy, 389–90 United Nations (UN), 111, 269, 288–89, 302–3, 307–8 United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC), 273 United States (US) AI regulation, 351 AI research, 210–11 Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (FOSTA), 51–52, 53–54, 55 America First policy, 213 American Innovation and Choice Online Act, 53–54 anti-censorship principles, 267–68, 270–76 antitrust regulation, 5, 50–51, 244–45, 345, 347–48, 363 Bankruptcy Code, 374 battles with China and EU, 11–13, 15–16, 21, 26–27, 57 battles with tech companies, 13–16, 164–78 Biden administration, 53, 168, 196, 197–98, 241, 278–79, 321 Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy, 278 Bush administration, 48–49, 257, 271, 276 Chamber of Commerce, 61–62 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 44–45 China Initiative, 196–97 Chinese influence in, 301 Chinese measures against, 199–207 Chinese tech companies in, 165 CHIPS and Science Act, 59–60, 211 Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (CLOUD Act), 222–23 Clean Network program, 320–21 Clinton administration, 36–37, 47–48, 257, 265–70, 276 Commerce Control List, 188–89 Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), 195–96 Communications Decency Act (CDA), 5, 42–47, 53–54, 56–57, 64, 132, 137–38, 265–66, 286–87, 364 criticism of, 279–89 cyber sanctions, 197–99 cybersecurity, 61–62, 67, 276–77 Data Privacy Framework, 235 data privacy law, 235, 336 “Declaration for the Future of the Internet,” 390 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 59, 209 Department of Commerce, 60, 168–69, 188–89 Department of Defense, 59, 209 Department of Homeland Security, 60 Department of Justice (DOJ), 46–47, 50–51, 53–54, 196, 348, 363 Department of State, 271–75, 276–77, 278, 284 Department of the Treasury, 245 Development Initiative, 268 Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 44–45 digital policy, 57, 213, 250–54 digital services taxes (DSTs), 237, 239–40 digital trade agreements, 322 e-commerce market, 262 Entity List, 189–90, 200–1, 218–19 Executive branch, 47–50 Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities, 235–36 Export Administration Regulations (EAR), 189–90 Export Control Reform Act (ECRA), 188–89 export controls, 15, 188–92, 218–19, 366 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 61–62, 196, 236 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 44, 193 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 50–51, 53–54, 139–40, 348, 363 Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), 195 foreign policy, 40–41, 253–54, 272, 276–77, 278, 284 foreign students, 375 “A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce” (Framework), 48, 266–67, 286 G7 relations, 321–22 global influence, 16–20, 27, 257–89 Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, 96, 174 immigrants, 197, 374–75 imperialism, 17, 232 industrial policy, 59–60 Innovation and Competition Act, 190–91 International Strategy for Cyberspace, 48–49 Internet Freedom Grants, 273–74 internet freedom initiatives, 27, 257, 265–79, 284–87 Internet Protection Act, 44–45 Internet Regulatory Freedom Act, 44–45 Jordan Free Trade Agreement, 267–68 market-driven ethos, 42–52 measures against China, 187–99 Meeting the China Challenge Act, 190–91 National Science Foundation, 59 national security, 49–50, 66–67, 164–78, 233–34 National Security Agency (NSA), 4–5, 47–48, 61–62, 101, 198–99, 229–30, 318–19 National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence, 99–100, 208, 209 National Security Council (NSC), 245–46 “National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace,” 48–49 nonregulation principle, 265–70 Obama administration, 48–49, 51, 54–55, 61–62, 257, 272, 276 Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act, 277 Open Technology Fund, 276–77 political process, 55–56 presidential election (2020), 277–78 privacy law, 5, 38, 333 Privacy Shield, 19, 230–33 Public Company Accounting and Oversight Board (PCAOB), 177–78 public opinion, 362–64 regulations, 6–10, 21–22, 23–24, 26–27, 28–29, 33–68, 91–94, 106–7, 131–36, 221–54, 361–64, 366–69 restrictions on Chinese tech companies, 165–78, 195, 388 Safe Harbor data transfer agreement with EU, 111, 229–30 sanctions against China, 102–3, 185–86, 197–99, 218–19 sanctions against Russian oligarchs, 309–10 scientific community, 196–97 Secure Campus Act, 196–97 Secure Equipment Act, 193 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 14–15, 174–75, 176–78 self-sufficiency, 217–18 semiconductor funding, 211 Small Business Administration (SBA), 59 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), 48–49 subsidies, 217–18 surveillance operations, 4–5, 7–8, 61–62, 101, 226–27, 229–30, 284–85, 287–88, 318–19 tech diplomacy, 302 techno-democracy, 389–90 techno-libertarianism, 257–89 technological leadership, 197 Telecommunications Act, 43–44 Trade Act, 238–39 Trade and Technology Council (TTC), 252–54 transatlantic regulatory battles, 26–27, 221–54 transatlantic trade relations, 236–40 Trump administration, 49–50, 168–69, 171, 185, 196–97, 200–1, 213, 228, 241, 253–54, 276–77, 320–21 universities, 375 US–China relations, 74–75, 162–63, 171, 323 US–China tech war, 10–11, 96–97, 103, 151–52, 164, 179–80, 183–220, 295, 361, 366, 386, 387 US–China trade war, 97, 185–86, 200 US–EU regulatory battles, 221–54, 359, 361–69, 387 US–EU relations, 127 US–Japan Digital Trade Agreement, 322 US–Russia Cold War, 217–18, 270 United States Capitol: January 6, 2021 attack on, 7–8, 66, 100, 141, 251, 286, 363–64, 367–68 United States Constitution, 41–42, 46–47, 50, 337 United States District Court for the District of Columbia (DDC), 168–69 United States House of Representatives, 102, 277 United States Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 268 United States Senate, 99–100 United States Supreme Court, 50 Citizens United, 355 FBI v Fazaga, 236 Packingham v.

European Founders at Work
by Pedro Gairifo Santos
Published 7 Nov 2011

Santos: And how do you think the ecosystem in Europe has changed from the beginning, when you were just starting out the program, and now? Farcet: I ran the first program only a year ago so that I don't have that much of a comparison point. What I do see is a positive shift away from the never ending obsession of trying to duplicate Silicon Valley to focusing on what's good about Europe. London is doing a lot around the Silicon Roundabout and government focus, Berlin is being hyped as a great base for startups, Copenhagen and Dublin are definitely recognized as strong ecosystems and we're now connecting them all. Santos: What are the main mistakes that you saw the teams that ran through the program doing? Farcet: Classic stuff like not focusing on customers early enough and not engaging every single mentor in a good way, so that when you leave the program you're back on your own.

What Would the Great Economists Do?: How Twelve Brilliant Minds Would Solve Today's Biggest Problems
by Linda Yueh
Published 4 Jun 2018

The UK needs investments in ‘hard’ infrastructure (such as transport links) as well as ‘soft’ (such as digital networks), which can be just as important to induce business investment. Britain’s track record on this issue has been somewhat mixed. Development of the digital economy has been impressive in some respects. For instance, Silicon Roundabout in London has attracted more venture capital than other European cities. But there are also areas of the country where even getting a mobile phone signal is challenging. The other significant area where investment is needed is skills. Business surveys routinely point to a skills shortage cramping their growth.

The Great Economists: How Their Ideas Can Help Us Today
by Linda Yueh
Published 15 Mar 2018

The UK needs investments in ‘hard’ infrastructure (such as transport links) as well as ‘soft’ (such as digital networks), which can be just as important to induce business investment. Britain’s track record on this issue has been somewhat mixed. Development of the digital economy has been impressive in some respects. For instance, Silicon Roundabout in London has attracted more venture capital than other European cities. But there are also areas of the country where even getting a mobile phone signal is challenging. The other significant area where investment is needed is skills. Business surveys routinely point to a skills shortage cramping their growth.

Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future
by Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson
Published 26 Jun 2017

The article pointed out that incumbent banks were much, much larger than these newcomers and also “able to create credit more or less at a whim,” and that these were important advantages. But it also pointed out that the bank’s strongest offerings were also its most protected ones, “notably the current account, which allows people to store money in a way that keeps it safe and permanently accessible. Few in Silicon Valley or Silicon Roundabout want to take on that heavily regulated bit of finance.” The Economist’s article highlighted the biggest worry facing banks, even if their regulatory protections endured: “a future as a sort of financial utility—ubiquitous but heavily regulated, unglamorous and marginally profitable.” We think this is a plausible future, perhaps even a likely one, for many industries beyond finance.

Masters of Management: How the Business Gurus and Their Ideas Have Changed the World—for Better and for Worse
by Adrian Wooldridge
Published 29 Nov 2011

Far from being sworn enemies, startups and established companies usually exist in a codependent symbiosis. Many of the silliest government policies are driven by what might be called “Siliconitis”: the conviction that encouraging entrepreneurialism is synonymous with creating your own version of Silicon Valley—hence Silicon Alley, in New York; Silicon Glen, in Scotland; and even, depressingly, Silicon Roundabout, in London. But most Silicon knockoffs are failures. There is no point in trying to create the next Silicon Valley if you lack the Valley’s remarkable resources: two world-class universities, Stanford and Berkeley, and a major financial center, San Francisco. Instead, you are much better off focusing on your own strengths, whatever they might be.

Capitalism in America: A History
by Adrian Wooldridge and Alan Greenspan
Published 15 Oct 2018

The Valley quickly became the most famous economic cluster in the world: the home to a disproportionate number of the tech economy’s iconic companies (Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Cisco Systems, Apple, and Google) and the inspiration for a growing number of imitators across America and indeed the world: Silicon Desert (Utah and Arizona), Silicon Alley (New York), Silicon Hills (Austin), Silicon Roundabout (London). Stanford University was particularly aggressive in building up its engineering and computer departments, and in turning its ideas into businesses. Frederick Terman, who was successively dean of Stanford’s engineering department and provost of the university, has as good a claim as anybody to being the father of Silicon Valley.