Working
by Robert A. Caro · 8 Apr 2019 · 182pp · 64,847 words
be easy to construct a causeway from the end of the road to the barrier beach. “That was the idea behind Jones Beach and the Southern State Parkway,” Robert Moses told me. “I thought of it all in a moment.” Standing there beside me, the wind whipping his hair, the grip on my
Parks Directory of the United States
by Darren L. Smith and Kay Gill · 1 Jan 2004
an ideal habitat for migrating and nesting birds. Park’s goal is to preserve the existing natural systems. Size: 463 acres. Location: Exit 38 off Southern State Parkway, north of Babylon, 42 miles from Manhattan. Facilities: Picnic areas and pavilions (u), playgrounds (u), playing fields, horseshoe and basketball courts, trails (including nature trail
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PARK West Hempstead, NY 11552 Web: www.nysparks.com/parks/info.asp?parkId=155 Phone: 516-766-1029 Size: 737 acres. Location: Exit 18 off Southern State Parkway in West Hempstead. Facilities: Picnic areas (u), picnic pavilions (u), food concession (u), hiking and biking trails, bridle trails, boat launch (cartop boats only), 20
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Babylon, NY 11702 Web: www.nysparks.com/parks/info.asp?parkId=45 Phone: 631-669-0449 Size: 875 acres. Location: 48 miles from Manhattan via Southern State Parkway. Facilities: Picnic area (u), food (u), beach (u), marina, showers, 18-hole pitch & putt golf course, playground. Activities: Boating, fishing, swimming, golf, recreation programs. Special
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PO Box 670 Valley Stream, NY 11580 Web: www.nysparks.com/parks/info.asp?parkId=51 Phone: 516-825-4128 Size: 97 acres. Location: Off Southern State Parkway in Valley Stream. Facilities: Picnic area (u), picnic pavilions (u), nature trails, fitness trail, bike path, playfields, playground. Activities: Fishing, hiking, bicycling, cross-country skiing
The power broker : Robert Moses and the fall of New York
by Caro, Robert A · 14 Apr 1975
, the Belt Parkway, the Laurelton Parkway, the Cross Island Parkway, the Interbor-ough Parkway. On Long Island, he built the Northern State Parkway and the Southern State Parkway, the Wantagh Parkway and the Sagtikos, the Sunken Meadow and the Meadowbrook. Some of the Long Island parkways run down to the Island's south
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were luckier than the Greeks, whose journey to their oracle was over narrow mountain paths. They were able to drive to the mansion on the Southern State Parkway and they could still recall, decades later, their awe at first seeing its stone-faced bridges and opulent landscaping. And when they were admitted to
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to be easy to construct a causeway from the end of the road to the beach. "That was the idea behind Jones Beach and the Southern State Parkway," Moses would recall years later. "I thought of it all in a moment." As he thought about the road, he thought about the Bronx River
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"surface easement" that would allow it to use the rest of the land for parks. Much of the remainder of the route for the envisioned "Southern State Parkway" was farmland. Moses quickly learned not to visit farmers during the day when they were occupied with chores. Instead, in the twilight of Long Island
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—was only part of the story. Not only the options for beautiful Sunken Meadow and for the beach at Hampton Bays but those for the Southern State Parkway right-of-way for which he had drunk beer with farmers had lapsed for lack of money to honor them. His negotiations with the North
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barons, and he agreed that, even after the right-of-way had been acquired, he would not ask for funds to begin construction until the Southern State Parkway had reached the point at which it would connect with the Jones Beach causeway, a point about fifteen miles into Nassau County. In return, Hewitt
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and Hutchinson agreed that the Southern State Parkway could be built and that the entire $15,000,000 proceeds of the park referendum would be segregated in 1926; work could therefore begin immediately
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on Moses' upstate park program and his Long Island projects, including Jones Beach, the causeway leading to it from the Southern State Parkway—and Deer Range (soon to be August Heckscher) State Park. Since the 1925 Taylor Estate fight had revolved around the question of whether an outside
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item of $25,000 for "Deer Range Park, permanent improvement of buildings," and $170,000 to begin the purchase of right-of-way for the Southern State Parkway, that strip of concrete Macy had always been afraid would reach out toward East Islip. Rushing to Albany, he confronted Hutchinson, and the assemblyman answered
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for a million dollars for "the construction, reconstruction and widening of highway routes in Nassau and Erie Counties"—including $350,000 for "construction of the Southern State Parkway." They had no trouble understanding why Erie, a Republican stronghold, had been given even more money than Nassau in the bill—Erie's legislators would
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, moreover, the road was begun that would free city drivers from the tyranny of Merrick Road. By the time surveying of the route for the Southern State Parkway was completed, it was August. DPW engineers protested that it was too close to the cold, damp Long Island winter to begin construction, but there
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out the best in them. One of Junkamen's duties was to work with Long Island villages on zoning restrictions on the land adjoining the Southern State Parkway. "Mr. Moses wanted five hundred feet on either side of the parkway zoned in the highest residential classifications," Junkamen recalls. "And he didn't want
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as long as he wanted it, and it would be difficult to build a causeway and loop it back to mainland Long Island and the Southern State Parkway because he had planned to cut the expense of that causeway by running it over Captree Island, a tongue of land at the eastern end
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not quit for the winter of 1927-28; their grading machines pushed aside snow as well as earth as they smoothed the path for the Southern State Parkway. The Great South Bay froze solid; the men stretching the Jones Beach causeway across it pitched tents on the ice and lived on it. Early
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in 1928, an astonished Hutchinson and Hewitt realized that the completion of the Southern State Parkway and Jones Beach causeway, on which they had hinged the beginning of the Northern State and which they had assumed was years, if not decades
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1926. By the end of the summer of 1928, in a period of less than three years, every foot of right-of-way for the Southern State Parkway was in his hands, a seven-mile stretch, from near the New York City line to and around the Hempstead reservoir, was completed. Long rows
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, the accomplishments were as nothing beside his dreams. There was, in 1928, so much yet to do. Although the entire right-of-way for the Southern State Parkway had been acquired and construction started on much of it, not a single section had been completed. Without that section, the public would not see
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wooded hills of the North Shore, and his original concept of the Northern State Parkway was therefore of a road leading to parks, as the Southern State Parkway led to parks. But, as part of his "compromise," he had to promise the barons that there would not be a single state park anywhere
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public spirit of Robert Moses," August Heckscher told 15,000 cheering onlookers, and Lieutenant Governor Lehman, praising Moses for his "vision and courage," agreed. The Southern State Parkway was opened in July, and fathers driving their families along the lovely tree-shaded road—which, with a width of forty feet, seemed wonderfully wide
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Beach portion of the barrier beach to Captree, and then bringing it back to the mainland on a causeway and linking it up to the Southern State Parkway with a spur parkway. There would be time to get to Fire Island later. Editorials hailed each new Moses plan. The best proof of the
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,000 in 1931. By stake driving and whipsawing, Robert Moses was getting what he wanted from them. And the projects moved forward. In 1931, the Southern State Parkway was extended from Wantagh to Massapequa, in 1932, from Massapequa to Amityville—the public marveled at the fact that there was a route clear across
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not present at the first two opening ceremonies Moses staged during his administration, the plaque unveiling at Heckscher State Park and a ribbon cutting on Southern State Parkway. The state representative was Lieutenant Governor Lehman, and at least one source says that the reason was that Moses, to teach Roosevelt a lesson, invited
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to him in 1924 and widen the two-mile stretch of Central Avenue, the narrow winding farm road that was the only route to the Southern State Parkway. Disturbed that Bronx and Westchester residents could reach his Long Island parks only by driving down into Manhattan and across the Queensborough Bridge, he had
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north along the city boundary was a "Cross Island Parkway." A third of the way up its length, it crossed and linked up with the Southern State Parkway. Two-thirds of the way up, it crossed and linked up with the Northern State and with the proposed Grand Central Parkway. And at its
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authorize the state's Temporary Emergency Relief Administration to pay the construction costs of the Grand Central Parkway and the Central Avenue linkup with the Southern State Parkway, and of another. "Inter-borough," parkway, long proposed but never built, that would provide New York City Before Robert Moses 345 access into and out
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to build a total of two miles of the parkway projects in Queens as it had taken him to build twenty-two miles of the Southern State Parkway. Roosevelt's successor as Governor, Herbert H. Lehman, deeply respected Moses. Says one man who served as an adviser to both: "Roosevelt saw Jones Beach
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Sunken Meadow and Heckscher state parks as well as the Heckscher State Parkway Spur, and during all these years he was extending the Northern and Southern state parkways and building literally scores of smaller park structures. Instead he simply added to his state park work, itself enough to tax the strength of even
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Tunnel, Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, Gowanus Parkway, Owl's Head Sewage Disposal Plant, Shore Parkway, Ullmer Park Veterans Emergency Houses, Van Wyck Expressway, Idlewild Airport, the Southern State Parkway and Meadowbrook Parkway, Wantagh State, Northern State, Grand Central and Cross Island parkways, the Triborough Bridge, Ward's Island Sewage Disposal Plant, Ward's Island
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invest with imperial lavishness the opening of even a row of toll booths: Newsday reporter Bernie Bookbinder, assigned to cover the 1953 opening of the Southern State Parkway booths in Valley Stream, suddenly found himself standing before a buffet table forty feet long piled high from end to end with platters heaped with
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it to Long Island only by expensive lightering. So industry and business stayed back in New York City. In the decade after Moses opened the Southern State Parkway in Nassau County, 200,000 new residents—about 50,000 families—moved into the county, but only 12,000 new jobs were created in the
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the Van Wyck. The new expressway would be the most direct route not only to the airport but to all southeastern Queens and to the Southern State Parkway leading to fast-growing Long Island. During highway rush hours—which coincided with airport rush hours—the Van Wyck was going to be flooded with
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they had been in 1923 but into which Moses was planning to lay, not only for the expressway but for extensions of the Northern and Southern State parkways, broad swaths of concrete, giant cloverleafs among the potato fields. The Regional Plan Association was predicting conservatively that the population of Nassau and Suffolk—less
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the residence of millions of people. Moses' parkways now had to perform a function, getting tens of thousands of commuters to and from work. The Southern State Parkway—4,000,000 cars in 1940, 20,000,-000 in 1950, 26,000,000 in 1955, 30,000,000 in 1957—was the most heavily
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Suffolk counties: from top to bottom (north to south) Route 25-A, the Long Island Expressway, Northern State Parkway, Hillside Avenue, Jericho Turnpike, Hempstead Turnpike, Southern State Parkway, Merrick Road and Sunrise Highway. Various levels were made graphic by different colors—purple for congestion. On the right-hand side of the map—the
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steeply on Moses' roads, the roads built—at a colossal public investment—to free the public from traffic lights and intersecting streets. Moses' "modern" rebuilt Southern State Parkway, for example, paralleled the "obsolete" Merrick Road and Sunrise Highway. The curves showing time and distance covered in that time for each of those roads
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ran almost parallel, rising and falling together. "Until you get out to Wantagh," Jack Sheridan says, "there's no advantage to the Southern State Parkway over the Sunrise Highway [or Merrick Road]. Which is a pretty horrible thought." But those charts, graphic displays of the present, were not the most
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from the recollection. Executives' homes: One row of homes is on a secluded, difficult-to-reach street in Belmont Lake State Park, south of the Southern State Parkway. The satisfaction of working for him: Although this was a theme repeated to the author by many architects and engineers, it was stated especially forcefully
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, 1022; Cross-Bronx Expressway, 848, 860-3, 866, 870, 875, 878-82, 884, 983, 986, 1050; Gowanus Parkway, 522; Northern State Parkway, 279-80, 301; Southern State Parkway, 183 Title I, 777-8, 797; Fordham University, 741; housing and slum clearance, 7, 12, 752, 777-8, 797, 804, 965-79, 1017, 1025, 1062
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, 974; Tammany and, 127-8 Sokolsky, George E., 1079 Solomon, Sidney, 338-9, 397, 398-9 Soundview Park, 619 Soundview project, 1046, 1049, 1057-8 Southern State Parkway, 8, 11, 162, 230, 234, 302, 308, 310, 312, 313, 340, 341, 343, 344, 485, 896, 899, 905, 943; bridges on, 237; construction of, 211
The Big Roads: The Untold Story of the Engineers, Visionaries, and Trailblazers Who Created the American Superhighways
by Earl Swift · 8 Jun 2011 · 423pp · 129,831 words
interference from a procession of mayors and governors. In 1926 he was still gathering his tools, but already he was acquiring land for the future Southern State Parkway, the Cross-Island Parkway, and the promenades, parking lots, and bathhouses at Jones Beach. He'd been talking to property owners out at Montauk for
The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape
by James Howard Kunstler · 31 May 1993
of highways and their accessories, while both the farms and the millionaires' estates were bulldozed into parking lots. Before the Depression, Moses had built the Southern State Parkway - 9 7 _ T H E G E O G R A P H Y O F N O W H E R E from the
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South Coast Air Quality Manage ment District (AQMD), 213-14 Southeast Expressway (Boston, Mass. ), 125 Southern California Association of Governments, 214 Southern Pacific Railroad, 208 Southern State Parkway (Long Is land, N . Y . ) , 97-98 Southfield Freeway ( Detroit, Mich . ) , 199 Soviet Union, 70, 103 "Space Mountain" ride ( Disney World), 222 Spanish Colonial style
The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World)
by Robert J. Gordon · 12 Jan 2016 · 1,104pp · 302,176 words
were built specifically for travelers arriving by automobile that were not accessible by transit or railroad. For instance, by 1929, Robert Moses had built the Southern State Parkway on Long Island, which took automobile travelers to Jones Beach, with its six miles of waterfront and its 23,000 parking spaces for their cars
Uneasy Street: The Anxieties of Affluence
by Rachel Sherman · 21 Aug 2017 · 360pp · 113,429 words
like Alexis, Stephanie said she had had more control over money when she was earning it herself. Driving home to Brooklyn along the tree-lined Southern State Parkway, I thought about the emotions around spending that these women had described, including anxiety, frustration, denial, and desire. I considered the power struggles over the
Carmageddon: How Cars Make Life Worse and What to Do About It
by Daniel Knowles · 27 Mar 2023 · 278pp · 91,332 words
buy cars. He himself went everywhere in a fleet of chauffeured limousines, paid for by taxpayers. Some of the roads he built, such as the Southern State Parkway, purposely had bridges over them that were too low for buses to be able to pass through. Ostensibly that was to stop trucks from using
Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation
by Paris Marx · 4 Jul 2022 · 295pp · 81,861 words
housing projects. In just one example of how racism was built into the physical environment of major cities, Moses ordered the overpass bridges on the Southern State Parkway to be low enough so that buses could not drive under them, thus ensuring that poor and Black bus riders could not reach Jones Beach
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, Lauren, 196 Social Bicycles (SoBi), 167–8 Socialist Left Party, 209 social media, 61–2 SolarCity, 55, 143, 188 solar panels, Musk on, 188–9 Southern State Parkway, 26 Soviet Union, 39 space program, 48 SpaceX, 55, 144, 148, 150–1 speed limiter referendum, 19–20 speed limits, 18–20 Sputnik I satellite