Vitalik Buterin Concepts

DeFi and the Future of Finance

by Campbell R. Harvey, Ashwin Ramachandran, Joey Santoro, Vitalik Buterin and Fred Ehrsam · 23 Aug 2021 · 179pp · 42,081 words

DeFi protocols today, including stablecoins, automated market makers, and more. I recommend this book to anyone interested in learning more about Ethereum and DeFi protocols. Vitalik Buterin Co-founder of Ethereum I INTRODUCTION We have come full circle. The earliest form of market exchange was peer to peer, also known as barter

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focus on a particular cryptocurrency with special relevance to DeFi. ETHEREUM AND DeFi Ethereum (ETH) is currently the second largest cryptocurrency by market cap ($260b). Vitalik Buterin introduced the idea in 2014, and Ethereum mined its first block in 2015. Ethereum is in some sense a logical extension of the applications of

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. NOTES 1. Technically, a transaction sent to an EOA can also send data, but the data have no Ethereum-specific functionality. 2. Fabian Fobelsteller and Vitalik Buterin, “EIP-20: ERC-20 Token Standard,” Ethereum Improvement Proposals, no. 20, November 2015 [Online serial], https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20. 3. William Entriken

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would fail. Typically, these checks are added by code compilers before deploying smart contract code and by client software used for interacting with Ethereum. See Vitalik Buterin and Alex Van de Sande, “EIP-55: Mixed-case checksum address encoding,” Ethereum Improvement Proposals, no. 55, January 2016 [Online serial], https://eips.ethereum.org

The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze

by Laura Shin · 22 Feb 2022 · 506pp · 151,753 words

Currency Group), ConsenSys, Cosmos, Kraken, Microsoft, ShapeShift, and Tezos. Also, in September 2021, I began writing a Facebook Bulletin newsletter. List of Characters Ethereum Cofounders Vitalik Buterin, creator of Ethereum Mihai Alisie, founder of Bitcoin Magazine Anthony Di Iorio, founder and chief executive officer of Decentral, funded Ethereum pre-crowdsale Gavin Wood

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price of bitcoin, which had started the year around $1,000, flirted with $20,000. Another asset, ether, from a newer blockchain, Ethereum, created by Vitalik Buterin, saw an even steeper rise from $8 to $757, a return of ninety-five times in less than a year. Early adopters who were now

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a new computer science problem. In less than five years, the solution will be worth more than $135 billion. 1 1994 to January 20, 2014 VITALIK BUTERIN WAS like a seed that had been blown far out of its habitat and struggled to take root in its new environment but was about

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web visits, this week would later look like a huge spike. That Sunday, a post on 4chan—a dark, anonymous, anarchic version of Reddit—proclaimed, “Vitalik Buterin confirmed dead. Insiders unloading ETH.” The post said, “Fatal car crash. Now we have our answer. He was the glue.” The price of ETH dropped

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it with more requests than it can handle early contributors people who worked on Ethereum before the crowdsale East Asia Pacific Ltd. a business entity Vitalik Buterin created in Switzerland to have freedom from Ming Chan; it was used to pay the researchers on his team EEA Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, the industry

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You Can Buy Any Drug Imaginable,” Gawker, June 1, 2011, https://gawker.com/the-underground-website-where-you-can-buy-any-drug-imag-30818160. 7. Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin and the Goldbugs,” Bitcoin Weekly via Wayback Machine, June 12, 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110617050611/http://bitcoinweekly.com/articles/bitcoin-and-the

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-goldbugs. 8. Vitalik Buterin, “Social Democracy Enforced in Currency,” Bitcoin Weekly via Wayback Machine, August 15, 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20110828021149/http://bitcoinweekly.com/articles/social-democracy

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. Wright, “Pre-order Bitcoin Magazine—Quality Control, Final Revisions on Proofs,” BitcoinTalk, January 25, 2012, https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=61017.msg711286#msg711286. 12. Vitalik Buterin, “Introduction to Bitcoin Terminology Part II,” Bitcoin Magazine, March 3, 2012, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/introduction-to-bitcoin-terminology-part-ii-1330796614. 13

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. Vitalik Buterin, “Common Misconceptions About Bitcoin—a Guide for Journalists,” Bitcoin Magazine, December 29, 2012, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/common-misconceptions-about-bitcoin-a-guide-for-journalists-

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://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=140654. 15. Ripple homepage via Wayback Machine, April 8, 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20130408174039/https://ripple.com. 16. Vitalik Buterin, “Mastercoin Suggestion: Contracts for Difference,” November 4, 2013, https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=324830.0. 17. J. R. Willett invented the initial coin offering

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://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2017/09/21/heres-the-man-who-created-icos-and-this-is-the-new-token-hes-backing/?sh=4a22cd0b1183. 18. Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin in Canada, Part I: Introducing the Bitcoin Alliance of Canada,” Bitcoin Magazine, October 11, 2013, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/exploring-the-bitcoin-alliance-of

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registration). Certificate date: 09.07.2014,” Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce, July 17, 2014, https://shab.ch/shabforms/servlet/Search?EID=7&DOCID=1618923. 4. Vitalik Buterin, “Launching the Ether Sale,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, July 22, 2014, https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale. 5. Out of that

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,” Ethereum.org via Wayback Machine, July 23, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140723212709/https://www.ethereum.org/pdfs/TermsAndConditionsOfTheEthereumGenesisSale.pdf. 7. “Dan Larimer and Vitalik Buterin at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami,” video posted to YouTube by BitShares, April 18, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP82XmUNgNM. 8

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, GitHub, https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/pull/187, and “Nitpicking equation (100) #188,” GitHub, September 29, 2016, https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/pull/188. 17. Vitalik Buterin, “Olympic: Frontier Pre-Release,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, May 9, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/05/09/olympic-frontier-pre-release. 18. Gavin Wood, “Another

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…,” August 16, 2015, comment on “Early Contributor Distribution,” Reddit, August 16, 2015, https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/3h7oel/early_contributor_distribution/cu59240. 5. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “Okay, let me elaborate…,” August 17, 2015, comment on “Early Contributor Distribution.” 6. Stephan Tual (@Ursium), “So for the interest of clarity here…,” August

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17, 2015, comment on “Early Contributor Distribution.” 7. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “The ‘I don’t remember…,’” August 17, 2015, comment on “Early Contributor Distribution.” 8. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “Also, it’s worth noting that…,” August 20, 2015, comment on “Early Contributor Distribution.” 9. Stephan

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Tual, “A message from Stephan Tual,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, September 3, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/03/a-message-from-stephan-tual. 10. Vitalik Buterin, “The Evolution of Ethereum,” September 28, 2015, Ethereum Foundation Blog, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/28/the-evolution-of-ethereum. 11. Shanghai’s Wanxiang

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5 1. Gavin Wood, “The last Blog Post,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, January 11, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/01/11/last-blog-post. 2. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum Foundation Internal Update,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, January 7, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/01/07/2394/. 3. Parity Technologies, “Performance Analysis,” February 2

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), up to the week of June 20, 2016, https://www.cryptocompare.com/coins/eth/charts/USD?p=ALL&fTs=1457413200&tTs=1485061200. Chapter 6 1. Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin Network Shaken by Blockchain Fork,” Bitcoin Magazine, March 13, 2013, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/bitcoin-network-shaken-by-blockchain-fork-1363144448. 2. A Guest

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.org/web/20160617173409/https://blog.slock.it/no-dao-funds-at-risk-following-the-ethereum-smart-contract-recursive-call-bug-discovery-29f482d348b?gi=2c2267d6aa56. 6. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “I will provide my opinion in the way that @Truthcoin would approve of: I have been buying DAO tokens since the security news,” Twitter

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(blog) via Wayback Machine, June 17, 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20160622212451/https://blog.slock.it/dao-security-advisory-live-updates-2a0a42a2d07b?gi=e1baac16ac65; Vitalik Buterin, “CRITICAL UPDATE Re: DAO Vulnerability,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, June 17, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/06/17/critical-update-re-dao-vulnerability. 17. “THE

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/ethereum/historical-data. 21. WhalePanda, “The Un-ETH-ical fork,” Medium, June 18, 2016, https://medium.com/@WhalePanda/the-un-eth-ical-fork-2d87041c9591. 22. Vitalik Buterin, “Thinking About Smart Contract Security,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, June 19, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/06/19/thinking-smart-contract-security. 23. Guest, “An

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. Christoph Jentzsch, “Options in the Hard Fork,” Slock.it (blog), July 7, 2016, https://blog.slock.it/options-in-the-hard-fork-90e467483c0#.10qltz4hw. 36. Vitalik Buterin (@VButerin), “All monetization schemes fragment…,” October 9, 2014, “Comment on ‘What’s Wrong with Counterparty,’” Reddit, October 9, 2014, https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin

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had split due to an error in the Go client, so they fixed it and called all the mining pools to upgrade the client. 38. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “Quick HF safety tips for users,” Reddit, July 17, 2016, https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/4t9mzg/quick_hf_safety_tips_for_users

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. 39. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “A contract to conditionally send ether to another account post-hF to protect yourself from replay attacks if desired/needed,” Reddit, July 17, 2016

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ETC team? Can you kill this rumor once and for all please!,” Twitter, August 1, 2016, https://twitter.com/Banderovetz/status/760200055341056000?s=20. 17. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “I am working 100% on ETH,” Twitter, August 1, 2016, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/760232885483806720?s=20. 18. Mihai Alisie (@MihaiAlisie), “I am

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; Joseph Lubin (@ethereumJoseph), “I am working 100% on ETH. @ethereumproject @ConsenSysLLC,” Twitter, August 2, 2016, https://twitter.com/ethereumJoseph/status/760601142032211968?s=20; Retweets of Vitalik Buterin’s “I am working 100% on ETH” tweet: Twitter, accessed March 31, 2021, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/760232885483806720/retweets. 19. blank (@kristopherives), “What will

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you do if ETC price overtakes ETH?,” Twitter, August 2, 2016, https://twitter.com/kristopherives/status/760597317116305409?s=20. 20. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “I still won’t support ETC,” Twitter, August 3, 2016, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/760865764236627968?s=20. 21. Stan Higgins, “The Bitfinex Bitcoin

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is currently undergoing a DoS attack,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, September 22, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/09/22/ethereum-network-currently-undergoing-dos-attack; Vitalik Buterin, “Transaction spam attack: Next Steps,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, September 22, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/09/22/transaction-spam-attack-next-steps. 19. Wilcke

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fatal car crash wiped out $4 billion in ethereum’s market value yesterday,” Quartz, June 26, 2017, https://qz.com/1014559/vitalik-buterin-dead-a-hoax-on-4chan-crashed-ethereums-price. 41. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “Another day, another blockchain use case,” Twitter, June 25, 2017, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/879127496024772610?s=20. 42

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://www.parity.io/a-postmortem-on-the-parity-multi-sig-library-self-destruct. 11. @BeezLionmane, “Even with initiatizliation…,” November 8, 2017, comment on “MegaThread.” 12. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “I am deliberately refraining from comment on wallet issues, except to express strong support for those working hard on writing simpler, safer wallet contracts

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or auditing and formally verifying security of existing ones,” Twitter, November 8, 2017, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/928172344631115776?=20. 13. Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), “Reclaiming of ether in common classes of stuck accounts #156,” GitHub, https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/156. 14. @sciyoshi, “As noted elsewhere, this

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/im_donating_5057_btc_to_charitable_causes. 33. “40 Under 40: 2016,” Fortune, accessed April 2, 2021, https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2016. 34. Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum Foundation Internal Update,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, January 7, 2016, https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/01/07/2394. 35. “About the Ethereum Foundation,” Ethereum.org

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words but it will be too late, the ship would have sailed,” Twitter, December 26, 2017, https://twitter.com/Narodism/status/945693434500829184?s=20. 40. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “*All* crypto communities, ethereum included, should heed these words of warning. Need to differentiate between getting hundreds of billions of dollars of digital paper

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wealth sloshing around and actually achieving something meaningful for society,” Twitter, December 27, 2017, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/945987507941978112?s=20. 41. Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “If all that we accomplish is lambo memes and immature puns about ‘sharting,’ then I WILL leave…,” Twitter, December 27, 2017, https://twitter.com

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Smith, “Ethereum Developer Arrested over North Korea Controversy,” Brave New Coin, December 3, 2019, https://bravenewcoin.com/insights/ethereum-developer-arrested-over-north-korea-controversy; Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “Enjoy!,” Twitter, January 18, 2019, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1086190896515694592?s=20. 54. Erik Schatzker, “Paul Tudor Jones Buys Bitcoin as a Hedge

The Infinite Machine: How an Army of Crypto-Hackers Is Building the Next Internet With Ethereum

by Camila Russo · 13 Jul 2020 · 349pp · 102,827 words

of this network, the original cofounders—although you will now read there’s some contention around that term—including the creator of the platform himself, Vitalik Buterin. From initial conversations, I established the basic chronology of how Ethereum developed, the major milestones and themes. Then I sought out the protagonists of each

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swirl of internet memes, rainbows, unicorns, and lines of computer code. At the center of this circle of tech geeks, financiers, misfits, and renegades stood Vitalik Buterin, a nineteen-year-old genius hacker who came up with the idea that would become Ethereum. His dream prompted a cohort of believers from different

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. It represented a belief system, and those forums were often the only place Bitcoiners felt understood. In March 2011, the community gained a new member. Vitalik Buterin was seventeen years old, and his first post on the BitcoinTalk forum said: On the subject of economics, I could write about the concept like

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it for crypto. As Mihai continued his search, digging deep into forum pages, little-known blogs, and YouTube videos, he kept coming across the name Vitalik Buterin. It appeared as a frequent byline of the now-abandoned news site Bitcoin Weekly, on the Bitcoin page on Reddit and in the BitcoinTalk forum

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, at Pauper’s Pub. Just about a dozen people showed up. Among them was an awkward eighteen-year-old kid, fresh out of high school. Vitalik Buterin. Vitalik sat on one of the stools with his back curved and lanky arms forward. According to Anthony, Vitalik didn’t speak much and when

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.m. at the Miami Beach Convention Center. He didn’t even make it to the main hall of the event and was presented simply as “Vitalik Buterin, head writer at Bitcoin Magazine” in the agenda. Everyone at the house was up early when the day came. The Ethereum procession to the conference

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used every other word and questioning the credentials of people like Anthony or Vitalik [is] absurd. . . . Of course, some came back with posts like, If Vitalik Buterin is involved, it’s not a scam, as simple as that. Enough for me to think Ethereum is real Bitcoin 2.0. Are you aware

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Ethereum community talked about. It was the biggest, most ambitious project attempted and so eleven of the most distinguished Ethereans came on as curators, including Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Alex Van de Sande, Vlad Zamfir, Fabian Vogelsteller, and Christian Reitwiessner. They all either had been or were currently part of the Ethereum

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old chain were Bitcoiners who wanted to make a point: Ethereum is a silly little alt-coin with sycophantic followers bowing to their supreme leader, Vitalik Buterin. As he tried to make sense of what was happening, Vitalik got a message from Gregory Maxwell, a prominent Bitcoin developer. He wanted to buy

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but started plunging again two days later as the market remained jittery and rumors surfaced online that Vitalik had been involved in a deadly accident. “Vitalik Buterin confirmed dead. Insiders unloading ETH. Fatal car crash,” someone posted on 4chan, an anonymous online forum known for enabling harassment and pranks. And now we

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paper: Satoshi Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” 2008, https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. 5. “Bitcoin offers a way to fix this”: Vitalik Buterin, reply to “Bitcoin Weekly Looking for Writers,” BitcoinTalk, March 25, 2011, https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4916.msg72174#msg72174. 3: The Magazine 1. “suddenly

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crash at any time”: Vitalik Buterin, “Causes Behind the Bitcoin Price Rally,” Bitcoin Weekly, May 15, 2011, https://web.archive.org/web/20130916232908/http://bitcoinweekly.com:80/articles/causes-behind-the

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-492000-euros-whom-most-rob-us-order-denounce-them-and-build-some-alternatives-society-0/. 5: The Swiss Knife 1. wrote for a Bitcoin Magazine: Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoin at Porcfest, Part 0: Exploring Boston and New Hampshire,” Bitcoin Magazine, June 15, 2013, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/Bitcoin-at-porcfest-part-0-exploring

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-boston-and-new-hampshire-1371335040/. 2. strike against them: Vitalik Buterin, “Bitcoiners from Around the World Meet in Amsterdam,” Bitcoin Magazine, September 29, 2013, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/bitcoiners-from-around-the-world-meet-in-amsterdam

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,” 1996, http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart_contracts_2.html. 7. “more generalized way”: Vitalik Buterin, “Ultimate Scripting: A Platform for Generalized Financial Contracts on Mastercoin,” 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20150527194453/http://vbuterin.com/ultimatescripting.html. 8. “adopted his

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in the World—Video,” Guardian, March 22, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/video/2013/mar/22/bitcoin-currency-video. 2. coders who could help: Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “The earliest emails from @gavofyork reaching out to me in Dec 2013. Thanks a lot for Gav's crucial contributions to ethereum!,” Twitter, August

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10, 2017, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/895518902817480708. 3. bigger potential was there: Vitalik Buterin, “Mastercoin: A Second-Generation Protocol on the Bitcoin Blockchain,” Bitcoin Magazine, November 4, 2013, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/mastercoin-a-second-generation-protocol-on-the

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/news-release/2014/01/08/1061356/0/en/North-American-Bitcoin-Conference-Coming-to-Miami.html. 2. answers one by one: BitShares, “Dan Larimer and Vitalik Buterin at the North American Bitcoin Conference in Miami,” YouTube, uploaded April 17, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP82XmUNgNM. 10: The Town of Zug

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/07/23/a-guide-to-buying-5000-ether-bitcoin-2-5x-more-than-ethereums-genesis-sale/. 15: The Ether Sale 1. prices in September 2014: Vitalik Buterin, “Launching the Ether Sale,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, July 22, 2014, https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale/. 2. “let’s do

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/ethereum-presale-dynamics-revisited-c1b70ac38448. 16: Takeoff 1. “Paul,” he said: Paul is a pseudonym for the investor’s real name. 2. bugs or setbacks: Vitalik Buterin, “Olympic: Frontier Pre-Release,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, May 9, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/05/09/olympic-frontier-pre-release/. 3. 4:26 p

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, https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2diqyy/we_just_went_from_530_to_sub_500_in_under_a/cjpxgln/. 2. “a little under two”: Vitalik Buterin, “The Evolution of Ethereum,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, September 28, 2015, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/09/28/the-evolution-of-ethereum/. 3. Web 3 dream

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Alexander, “Augur: A Decentralized Oracle and Prediction Market Platform (v2.0),” November 1, 2019, https://www.augur.net/whitepaper.pdf. 2. he wrote on GitHub: Vitalik Buterin, “Standardized_Contract_APIs,” GitHub, June 23, 2015, https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Standardized_Contract_APIs/499c882f3ec123537fc2fccd57eaa29e6032fe4a. 3. with their thoughts: Alex Van de Sande

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!,” Twitter, July 20, 2016, https://twitter.com/avsa/status/755764078098915328. 6. didn’t last long: Initiative for CryptoCurrencies and Contracts (@initc3org), “Heady days in Ithaca: Vitalik Buterin + IC3 Co-Directors celebrate Ethereum Hard Fork with champagne and forks,” Twitter, July 26, 2016, https://twitter.com/initc3org/status/758000698881613824/photo/1. 7. “and

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Green) Burning Man 2016,” YouTube, uploaded October 7, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmVkpfivr8Q. 22: The Shanghai Attacks 1. praise from the community: Vitalik Buterin, “Geth 1.4.12: From Shanghai with Love, hotfix for recent DoS issues. Please update!” Reddit, 2016, https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/53fbi0

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to blockchain,” Twitter, June 21, 2017, https://twitter.com/bitfinex/status/877539782678786051. 26: The Friendly Ghost 1. “religion: crypto”: Vitalik Buterin, “About Me,” personal website, https://about.me/vitalik_buterin. 2. most economic power: Vitalik Buterin, “Slasher: A Punitive Proof-of-Stake Algorithm,” Ethereum Foundation Blog, January 15, 2014, https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/01/15

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. 2. algorithmic trading: “Cryptocurrency Investment Fund Industry Graphs and Charts,” Crypto Fund Research, https://cryptofundresearch.com/cryptocurrency-funds-overview-infographic/. 3. million, at the peak: Vitalik Buterin’s Ethereum address, Etherscan, https://etherscan.io/address/0xab5801a7d398351b8be11c439e05c5b3259aec9b#analytics. 29: The Crash 1. selling digital assets: “SEC Cyber Enforcement Actions,” US Securities and Exchange

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along: CoinDesk, “Devcon 4—Ethereum’s Big Sing-a-long,” YouTube, uploaded October 31, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xC8DrG5KSLU. 2. liked responses: Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), “Just sent 1000 eth. Yolo,” Twitter, December 18, 2018, https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1075181710730506240. 3. “And, like . . . no”: Fred Wilson, “Video of the

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Week: Vitalik Buterin—The Unchained Podcast Interview,” AVC (blog), March 30, 2019, https://avc.com/2019/03/video-of-the-week-vitalik-buterin-the-unchained-podcast-interview/. 4. a credit card: Cash Essentials, World Cash Report 2018, https://cashessentials

Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps

by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood Ph. D. · 23 Dec 2018 · 960pp · 125,049 words

programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be “Turing complete” or “computationally universal” if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine. Vitalik Buterin A Russian–Canadian programmer and writer primarily known as the cofounder of Ethereum and of Bitcoin Magazine. Vyper A high-level programming language, similar to

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Serpent, with Python-like syntax. Intended to get closer to a pure functional language. Created by Vitalik Buterin. Wallet Software that holds secret keys. Used to access and control Ethereum accounts and interact with smart contracts. Keys need not be stored in a

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blockchain was the only option. But that meant a lot of work: bootstrapping all the infrastructure elements, exhaustive testing, etc. Toward the end of 2013, Vitalik Buterin, a young programmer and Bitcoin enthusiast, started thinking about further extending the capabilities of Bitcoin and Mastercoin (an overlay protocol that extended Bitcoin to offer

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, building and refining the vision. And on July 30, 2015, the first Ethereum block was mined. The world’s computer started serving the world. Note Vitalik Buterin’s article “A Prehistory of Ethereum” was published in September 2017 and provides a fascinating first-person view of Ethereum’s earliest moments. You can

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entropy (randomness) is a well-known problem for which many solutions have been proposed, including RANDAO, or using a chain of hashes, as described by Vitalik Buterin in the blog post “Validator Ordering and Randomness in PoS”. The Vulnerability Some of the first contracts built on the Ethereum platform were based around

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also developed on Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies before Ethereum. However, the introduction of the first token standard on Ethereum led to an explosion of tokens. Vitalik Buterin suggested tokens as one of the most obvious and useful applications of a generalized programmable blockchain such as Ethereum. In fact, in the first year

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’s Proof-of-Work Algorithm Ethash is the Ethereum PoW algorithm. It uses an evolution of the Dagger–Hashimoto algorithm, which is a combination of Vitalik Buterin’s Dagger algorithm and Thaddeus Dryja’s Hashimoto algorithm. Ethash is dependent on the generation and analysis of a large dataset, known as a directed

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was proposed as a hybrid PoW/PoS algorithm to be implemented as a transition to a more permanent “pure PoS” algorithm. But in June 2018, Vitalik Buterin, who was leading the research work on Casper FFG, decided to “scrap” the hybrid model in favor of a pure PoS algorithm. Now, Casper FFG

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/ERC # Title/Description Author Layer Status Created EIP-1 EIP Purpose and Guidelines Martin Becze, Hudson Jameson Meta Final EIP-2 Homestead Hard-fork Changes Vitalik Buterin Core Final EIP-5 Gas Usage for RETURN and CALL* Christian Reitwiessner Core Draft EIP-6 Renaming SUICIDE Opcode Hudson Jameson Interface Final EIP-7

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DELEGATECALL Vitalik Buterin Core Final EIP-8 devp2p Forward Compatibility Requirements for Homestead Felix Lange Networking Final EIP-20 ERC-20 Token Standard. Describes standard functions a token

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), transfer, transferFrom, approve, allowance. Events include: Transfer (triggered when tokens are transferred), Approval (triggered when approve is called). Fabian Vogelsteller, Vitalik Buterin ERC Final Frontier EIP-55 Mixed-case checksum address encoding Vitalik Buterin ERC Final EIP-86 Abstraction of transaction origin and signature. Sets the stage for “abstracting out” account security and allowing

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-protocol mechanism where ECDSA and the default nonce scheme are the only “standard” way to secure an account, which is currently hardcoded into transaction processing). Vitalik Buterin Core Deferred (to be replaced) Constantinople EIP-96 Blockhash and state root changes. Stores blockhashes in the state to reduce protocol complexity and need for

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links between blocks with very distant block numbers to facilitate much more efficient initial light client syncing. Vitalik Buterin Core Deferred Constantinople EIP-100 Change difficulty adjustment to target mean block time and including uncles. Vitalik Buterin Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-101 Serenity Currency and Crypto Abstraction. Abstracts ether up a level with

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the level of indirection required for custom-policy accounts such as multisigs, and purifies the underlying Ethereum protocol by reducing the minimal consensus implementation complexity. Vitalik Buterin Active Serenity feature Serenity Casper EIP-105 Binary sharding plus contract calling semantics. “Sharding scaffolding” EIP to allow Ethereum transactions to be parallelized using a

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binary tree sharding mechanism, and to set the stage for a later sharding scheme. Research in progress; see https://github.com/ethereum/sharding. Vitalik Buterin Active Serenity feature Serenity Casper EIP-137 Ethereum Domain Name Service - Specification Nick Johnson ERC Final EIP-140 New Opcode: REVERT. Adds REVERT opcode instruction

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Beregszaszi Core Final EIP-145 Bitwise shifting instructions in EVM Alex Beregszaszi, Paweł Bylica Core Deferred EIP-150 Gas cost changes for IO-heavy operations Vitalik Buterin Core Final EIP-155 Simple replay attack protection. Replay Attack allows any transaction using a pre-EIP-155 Ethereum node or client to become signed

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so it is valid and executed on both the Ethereum and Ethereum Classic chains. Vitalik Buterin Core Final Homestead EIP-158 State clearing Vitalik Buterin Core Superseded EIP-160 EXP cost increase Vitalik Buterin Core Final EIP-161 State trie clearing (invariant-preserving alternative) Gavin Wood Core Final EIP-162 Initial ENS

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, Alex Van de Sande ERC Final EIP-165 ERC-165 Standard Interface Detection Christian Reitwiessner et al. Interface Draft EIP-170 Contract code size limit Vitalik Buterin Core Final EIP-181 ENS support for reverse resolution of Ethereum addresses Nick Johnson ERC Final EIP-190 Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard Piper Merriam

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. Christian Reitwiessner Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-197 Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128. Combined with EIP-196. Vitalik Buterin, Christian Reitwiessner Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-198 Big integer modular exponentiation. Precompile enabling RSA signature verification and other cryptographic applications

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. Vitalik Buterin Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-211 New opcodes: RETURNDATASIZE and RETURNDATACOPY. Adds support for returning variable-length values inside the EVM with simple gas charging

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to be thrown upon any attempts to make state-changing operations inside an execution instance where STATIC is true, and resets flag once call returns. Vitalik Buterin, Christian Reitwiessner Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-225 Rinkeby testnet using proof of authority where blocks are only mined by trusted signers. Péter Szilágyi Homestead

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Block Reward Reduction. Delayed the Ice Age (aka Difficulty Bomb) by 1 year, and reduced the block reward from 5 to 3 ether. Afri Schoedon, Vitalik Buterin Core Final Metropolis Byzantinium EIP-658 Embedding transaction status code in receipts. Fetches and embeds a status field indicative of success or failure state to

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“Milton Keynes”), voting systems, and advanced programming tools (culminating in the first C++ language workbench). Two startups later, a mutual friend made the introduction to Vitalik Buterin, and within a few weeks he finished coding the first functional implementation of Ethereum. He quickly became Ethereum’s CTO and effective platform architect. He

Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World

by Don Tapscott and Alex Tapscott · 9 May 2016 · 515pp · 126,820 words

Strategy Leader, Technology Group, EY (formerly IoT at IBM) Richard G. Brown, CTO, R3 CEV (former Executive Architect for Industry Innovation and Business Development, IBM) Vitalik Buterin, Founder, Ethereum Patrick Byrne, CEO, Overstock Bruce Cahan, Visiting Scholar, Stanford Engineering; Stanford Sustainable Banking Initiative James Carlyle, Chief Engineer, MD, R3 CEV Nicolas Cary

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a record of the transaction on the blockchain, a positive user review improves their respective reputations and establishes their identities—now without an intermediary. Says Vitalik Buterin, founder of the Ethereum blockchain: “Whereas most technologies tend to automate workers on the periphery doing menial tasks, blockchains automate away the center. Instead of

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consensus algorithmically on what happened and record it cryptographically on the blockchain. The mechanism for reaching consensus is critical. “Consensus is a social process,” blogged Vitalik Buterin, pioneer of the Ethereum blockchain. “Human beings are fairly good at engaging in consensus . . . without any help from algorithms.” He explained that, once a system

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to help developers and others create software services ranging from decentralized games to stock exchanges. Ethereum was conceived in 2013 by then-nineteen-year-old Vitalik Buterin, a Canadian of Russian descent. He had argued to the bitcoin core developers that the platform needed a more robust scripting language for developing applications

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to speak, launched to create Ethereum-based apps. Flash-forward a couple of years and the analogy is clear: Linus Torvalds is to Linux what Vitalik Buterin is to Ethereum. When discussing the rise of blockchain and Ethereum technology, Joseph Lubin, ConsenSys’s cofounder, said, “It became clear to me that instead

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, or other pushed content; they’ll be transaction histories, proven track records of individuals and enterprises, ranked perhaps by reputation score. Get the picture? Said Vitalik Buterin, founder of the Ethereum blockchain, “Blockchains will drop search costs, causing a kind of decomposition that allows you to have markets of entities that are

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entities are nothing more than a collection of contracts and relationships.17 Today, some erudite blockchain thinkers have picked up on this view. Ethereum inventor Vitalik Buterin argues that corporate agents (i.e., executives) could use corporate assets only for certain purposes approved by, say, a board of directors, who in turn

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them appropriate fees. We’re interested in agents that can do transactions, acquire resources, make payments, or otherwise produce value on behalf of their creator. Vitalik Buterin, who created the Ethereum blockchain, has theorized about these agents and developed a taxonomy to describe their evolution. At one end are single-function agents

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owners and designers of agents need transparency of operations. If both are filtering sensor data through a biased screen, then their respective reputations will drop. Vitalik Buterin points out that autonomous agents are challenging to create, because to survive and succeed they need to be able to navigate in a complicated, rapidly

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collaborative democracy. Governments could use prediction markets to engage citizens in helping better understand future scenarios, enabling governments to make better policy choices. Ethereum’s Vitalik Buterin discusses an alternative model of political life called futarchy.54 Conceived by economist Robin Hanson, its tenets can be neatly summarized as “vote for values

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algorithms is to distribute the right to decide what the state of the blockchain is to a decentralized set of users. To the mind of Vitalik Buterin, the visionary behind Ethereum, there are only three securely decentralized sets of users, and each set corresponds to a set of consensus algorithms: owners of

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this happen. CHAPTER 11 LEADERSHIP FOR THE NEXT ERA Prolific is an adjective that should precede all titles used to describe twenty-one-year-old Vitalik Buterin, the Russian-born Canadian founder of Ethereum. (Prolific founder, that is.) Ask his legion of followers about Ethereum, and they’ll tell you it’s

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home—http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/11/29/beyond-gdp-get-ready-for-a-new-way-to-measure-the-economy/. 27. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015. 28. Luigi Marco Bassani, “Life, Liberty and . . . : Jefferson on Property Rights,” Journal of Libertarian Studies 18(1) (Winter 2004): 58. 29. Interview

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with Ann Cavoukian, September 2, 2015. 4. Ibid. 5. Interview with Austin Hill, July 22, 2015. 6. Interview with Ann Cavoukian, September 2, 2015. 7. Vitalik Buterin, “Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity,” Ethereum blog, Ethereum Foundation, November 25, 2014. Web. October 3, 2015, blog.ethereum.org/2014

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28, 2007; www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2007-11-28/embrace-the-edge-or-perishbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice. 12. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015. 13. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015. 14. The one exception is the Way Back Machine, which allows you to get

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perhaps others); see also generally, Frank H. Easterbrook and Daniel R. Fischel, The Economic Structure of Corporate Law (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991). 18. Vitalik Buterin, “Bootstrapping a Decentralized Autonomous Corporation: Part I,” Bitcoin Magazine, September 19, 2013; https://bitcoinmagazine.com/7050/bootstrapping-a-decentralized-autonomous-corporation-part-i/. 19. Nick

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Data Breaches,” Information Is Beautiful, October 2, 2015; www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/, accessed November 27, 2015. 5. As defined by Vitalik Buterin: “Cryptoeconomics is a technical term roughly meaning ‘it’s decentralized, it uses public key cryptography for authentication, and it uses economic incentives to ensure that

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, “Is It an Agent, or Just a Program? A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents,” www.inf.ufrgs.br/~alvares/CMP124SMA/IsItAnAgentOrJustAProgram.pdf. 10. Ibid., 5. 11. Vitalik Buterin, https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/05/06/daos-dacs-das-and-more-an-incomplete-terminology-guide/. “Autonomous agents are on the other side of the

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a hash of the data, and the data itself will be on some other decentralized data storage network like Swarm or IPFS. 14. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015. 15. Interview with Andreas Antonopoulos, July 20, 2015. 16. Ibid. 17. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes

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, MRI (Aust) Pty Ltd. Web. August 28, 2015; http://www.mri.com.au/pc-recycling.shtml. 26. Interview with Gavin Andresen, June 8, 2015. 27. Vitalik Buterin, “Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity,” Ethereum blog, November 25, 2014; https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/11/25/proof-stake-learned

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. 2. Ethereum: The World Computer, produced by Ethereum, YouTube, July 30, 2015; www.youtube.com/watch?v=j23HnORQXvs, accessed December 1, 2015. 3. Interview with Vitalik Buterin, September 30, 2015. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Henry VI, part 2, act 4, scene 2. 8. E-mail correspondence with

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Vitalik Buterin, October 1, 2015. 9. David D. Clark, “A Cloudy Crystal Ball,” presentation, IETF, July 16, 1992; http://groups.csail.mit.edu/ana/People/DDC/future_

Life After Google: The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy

by George Gilder · 16 Jul 2018 · 332pp · 93,672 words

peril that all the Deep Learners at the new Asilomar should have recognized. Among the Deep Learners and Google brains at the AI Asilomar was Vitalik Buterin, a twenty-three-year-old college dropout with the same etiolated, wide-eared, boy-genius look that characterized Gödel and Turing. The assembled masters of

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. They picked their first group of twenty under twenty in 2011. The next year an eighteen-year-old freshman at Canada’s University of Waterloo, Vitalik Buterin, applied. The Thiel team found Buterin’s project, an innovation in digital education, unimpressive. “At the outset,” says Strachman, “we were seeing lots of education

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, “I was a bitcoin maximalist in 2013 and I am a bitcoin maximalist today.” A bitcoin maximalist bars all other blockchains. Enter Wright’s nemesis, Vitalik Buterin, the founder of the Ethereum blockchain. It is a platform explicitly designed for smart contracts, token issues, investment vehicles, and autonomous corporations. In late May

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not an app or a video game. It is an architecture. Resolving to design that architecture, Ali became an American citizen and—with Brendan Eich, Vitalik Buterin, and other pioneers—a leader of the movement to reestablish the Internet on the decentralized, peer-to-peer principles that he experienced as a boy

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Eich is hurling his one billion BATs—the unit of exchange for an ingenious new decentralized open-source and efficient digital advertising platform based on Vitalik Buterin’s Ethereum blockchain. Advertisers award BATs to publishers based on the attention of users measured by the pattern of their usage. Users too will be

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funds rolled in for Russell’s “stealth” driverless car project up at Pony Tracks. And Balaban found an unexpected direction. The month before, Chris Olah, Vitalik Buterin’s high school friend who beat him to the Thiel Fellowship and was now an intern at Google Brain, published a blog post with two

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fund 1517 celebrated the five hundredth anniversary of Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses, which triggered the Reformation, gathering together hundreds of college-dropout entrepreneurs. Vitalik Buterin’s scheduled speech was canceled at the last moment. He turned out to be too busy—a good sign. A few weeks before the event

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like PG&E, selling our customer’s spare compute cycles on our marketplace. . . .” The blockchain transforms the architecture of the Internet from the bottom up. Vitalik Buterin’s Ethereum transforms the network from an array of parochial hierarchies to a global heterarchy anchored in a new model of security. Austin Russell is

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known as an entrepreneur and financier, but his deepest calling is visionary philosopher and contrarian critic of the prevailing rule of the academy. In welcoming Vitalik Buterin and the other 2014 Thiel Fellows, Thiel said, “We hope [they] inspire people of all ages as they demonstrate that intellectual curiosity, grit, and determination

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of establishing an immutable database. But who wants that? Immutable? Really? No matter how big the error or the fraud, it cannot be reversed? Surely Vitalik Buterin doesn’t want such a system. When the Ethereum DAO was hacked of some $150 million, he waded into his code base wielding his personal

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demand, which is determined by its mining algorithms, which are determined by tech geeks without any real understanding of currency as a unit of account.” Vitalik Buterin should take notice. Craig Wright still proclaims “bitcoin as the solution to everything.” He remains a “bitcoin maximalist.” But the fact is that bitcoin cannot

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against spam and denial of service attacks. But responsive to computer advances, gas does not make ether a stable unit of account. Ethereum’s leader, Vitalik Buterin, is perhaps the most impressive figure so far produced in the cryptocosm. Others involved with Ethereum’s early development include departed co-founder Charles Hoskinson

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concerned about specific applications and not being sufficiently general—hence the birth of Ethereum, which has been taking up my life ever since. . . . ” Vitalik Buterin, https://about.me/vitalik_buterin. 3. 1517 Fund website, About, http://www.1517fund.com/thesis/. 4. Pony Tracks “weaponry;” Bruce Newman, “Tanks for the Memories: Historic Collection of Military

On the Edge: The Art of Risking Everything

by Nate Silver · 12 Aug 2024 · 848pp · 227,015 words

explicit embrace of “accelerationism,” a term that refers to the unmitigated rapid development of AI, the consequences be damned. Instead, I agree with Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin, who wrote in response to Andreessen that “AI is fundamentally different from other tech, and it is worth being uniquely careful.” AI is not the

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did we go from the first blockchain—a digital ledger for recording Bitcoin transactions—to raucous parties at Art Basel? The through line runs through Vitalik Buterin, a waifish, Russian Canadian computer programmer who created the Ethereum blockchain.[*11] The Ethereum blockchain has a native digital currency, Ether (ETH)—pronounced as “eth

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. ETH, Eth, Ethereum: Respectively, the ticker symbol (ETH) and colloquial term (Eth) for Ether, the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain, which was developed by Vitalik Buterin to allow for smart contracts and other improvements over Bitcoin. EV: See: expected value. EV maximizer*: A typical citizen of the River: the type of

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Techno-Optimist Manifesto,” Andreessen Horowitz, October 16, 2023, a16z.com/the-techno-optimist-manifesto. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “being uniquely careful”: Vitalik Buterin, “My Techno-Optimism,” Vitalik Buterin’s Website (blog), November 27, 2023, vitalik.eth.limo/general/2023/11/27/techno_optimism.html#ai. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT a

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: “Slices, Dices, and Makes Julienne Fries,” TV Tropes, tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SlicesDicesAndMakesJulienneFries. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “fully fledged Turing-complete”: Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform,” 2014, https://blockchainlab.com/pdf/Ethereum_white_paper-a_next_generation_smart_contract_and_decentralized

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_application_platform-vitalik-buterin.pdf. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT an award-winning programmer: “IOI 2012: Results,” International Olympiad in Informatics Statistics, stats.ioinformatics.org/results/2012. GO

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TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT was just nineteen: Michael Adams and Benjamin Curry, “Who Is Vitalik Buterin?,” Forbes Advisor, April 20, 2023, forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/who-is-vitalik-buterin. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT capitalization of gold: “Market Capitalization of Gold and Bitcoin Chart,” In Gold We

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NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT to drop out: Pete Rizzo, “$100k Peter Thiel Fellowship Awarded to Ethereum’s Vitalik Buterin,” CoinDesk, June 5, 2014, coindesk.com/markets/2014/06/05/100k-peter-thiel-fellowship-awarded-to-ethereums-vitalik-buterin. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT or decentralized finance: “What Is DeFi? A Beginner’s Guide

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, February 15, 2024, blockchain-council.org/cryptocurrency/how-many-bitcoins-are-left. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Bitcoin’s protocols are: Per interview with Vitalik Buterin. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Andy Warhol silkscreen: Robin Pogrebin, “Warhol’s ‘Marilyn,’ at $195 Million, Shatters Auction Record for an American Artist,” The

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with Habryka in an interview we arranged after Manifest, not during the event. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT prices that implied: Vitalik Buterin, “Prediction Markets: Tales from the Election,” Vitalik Buterin’s Website (blog), February 18, 2021, vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/02/18/election.html. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “ ‘exactly

Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Ethereum & Smart Contracts

by David Gerard · 23 Jul 2017 · 309pp · 54,839 words

profession as actual accountants; they were going to use “Ledger Labs Inc., a top blockchain forensics and technology firm,” which happens to be run by Vitalik Buterin, creator of Ethereum (of which more later).266 They later admitted this audit had never happened.267 Bitfinex then posted an open letter to the

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the Dogecoin tipping bot on Reddit had stolen all the deposited Dogecoins two years earlier.294 Much sorry, many loss. Ethereum Ethereum was proposed by Vitalik Buterin (an early Bitcoiner and a co-founder of Bitcoin Magazine) and developed by Buterin, Gavin Wood, Jeffrey Wilcke and others. Its key innovation is that

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adoption of the software to run separate in-house blockchains, not adoption of the public Ethereum chain and currency. Buterin’s quantum quest Before Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin put considerable effort in 2013 into trying to convince investors to fund him to build a quantum computer. (Note that no quantum computers able to

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law is not to achieve philosophical or mathematical truth, but to take a messy reality and achieve workable results that society can live with. Even Vitalik Buterin has acknowledged that for smart contracts to work as advertised, we would need to create a human-equivalent artificial intelligence to understand what people meant

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, standards groups and so on are well-tested models. Blockchains do not offer a better way to do this. An August 2015 blog post from Vitalik Buterin discusses “public”, “consortium” and “private” blockchains. Bitcoin and Ethereum are “public” blockchains.377 This comment chain on the post concisely summarises the innovations the private

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blockchain brings: Andrey Zamovskiy: Let’s just admit that blockchain is simply a new type of replication algorithm for a database cluster. That’s it. Vitalik Buterin: Correct. Plus Merkle trees. The Merkle trees are actually important. Andrey Zamovskiy: Merkle trees have not been invented with bitcoin, they’ve just got an

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offers, 17 August 2012. (archive) [68] Mageant. “Bitcoin Killer App: High Yield Investments”. Bitcointalk.org Bitcoin Forum > Bitcoin > Bitcoin Discussion, 22 July 2012. (archive) [69] Vitalik Buterin. “Ponzi schemes: The Danger of High Interest Savings Funds”. Bitcoin Magazine, 31 May 2012. (archive) [70] Adrianne Jeffries. “Suspected multi-million dollar Bitcoin pyramid scheme

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security investigation”. Bitcointalk.org Bitcoin Forum > Bitcoin > Bitcoin Discussion, 25 May 2012. “root” is the administrator account for a Unix or Linux server. (archive) [84] Vitalik Buterin. “Bitcoinica Stolen From … Again”. Bitcoin Magazine, 17 July 2012. (archive) [85] Stan Higgins. “BitPay Sues Insurer After Losing $1.8 Million in Phishing Attack”. CoinDesk

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/r/dogecoin, 3 August 2016. [294] Mohland. “[Important] I’m taking dogetipbot to a server farm upstate”. Reddit /r/dogecoin, 8 May 2017. (archive) [295] Vitalik Buterin. “Dagger-Hashimoto”. [296] “Ethash Design Rationale”. Ethereum Wiki, 21 March 2015. [297] e.g., Oimie. “Bought too many Gpus – Delimma”. Reddit r/ethermining, 24 June

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O(N), per Grover’s algorithm. Which is a pretty good speedup for as long as nobody else knows you have a quantum computer. [307] Vitalik Buterin. Comment on “Why does Greg Maxwell and many others from Bitcoin Core not respect Vitalik?” Reddit /r/btc, 16 August 2016. (archive) [308] Amy Castor

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.g., Stephen Tual, later of The DAO. Gian Volpicelli. “Smart Contracts Sound Boring, But They’re More Disruptive Than Bitcoin”. Motherboard, 16 February 2015. [334] Vitalik Buterin. “Thinking About Smart Contract Security”. Ethereum Blog, 19 June 2016. [335] Matt Levine. “Crossing the Rubicon and Gagging Shkreli”. Bloomberg, 5 July 2017. [336] Maxim

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new Ethereum Doubler. Now my new home – Rubixi.tk”. Bitcointalk.org Bitcoin Forum > Alternate cryptocurrencies > Marketplace (Altcoins) > Service Announcements (Altcoins), 11 April 2016. (archive) [353] Vitalik Buterin. “Live example of ‘underhanded solidity’ coding on mainnet”. Reddit /r/ethereum, 10 April 2016. [354] brockchainbrockshize. Comment on “Attacker has withdrawn all ETC from DarkDAO

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, River Keefer, Emin Gün Sirer. “Ethereum’s DAO Wars Soft Fork is a Potential DoS Vector”. Hacking, Distributed (blog), 28 June 2016. [362] Stephen Tual. “Vitalik Buterin, Gavin Wood, Alex van De Sande, Vlad Zamfir announced amongst exceptional DAO Curators”. blog.slock.it, 25 April 2016. [363] Tracy Alloway. “An experiment”. 19

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Union Agency for Network and Information Security, 18 January 2017. My only qualms are that it uses as references Zero Hedge and Breitbart News. [377] Vitalik Buterin. “On Public and Private Blockchains”. Ethereum Blog, 7 August 2015. [378] Izabella Kaminska. “Exposing the ‘If we call it a blockchain, perhaps it won’t

Cryptoassets: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond

by Chris Burniske and Jack Tatar · 19 Oct 2017 · 416pp · 106,532 words

of XRP is still under the control of Ripple Labs. This has led to mistrust of the Ripple protocol from much of the cryptocurrency community. Vitalik Buterin, who would later go on to create Ethereum, wrote in February 2013 for Bitcoin Magazine: “Because of the monetary distribution, OpenCoin may well face an

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the first to create a mainstream and attention-grabbing platform to execute smart contracts in a decentralized manner. At the core of the team is Vitalik Buterin, who many regard as Ethereum’s Satoshi. Buterin was born in Russia but grew up in Canada. He had the good fortune of a freethinking

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, CEO of Coinbase, which is one of the largest companies in the cryptoasset sector, has called it an “awesome project with huge potential.”36 Even Vitalik Buterin acknowledged its potential when he called it an “Uber for knowledge.”37 Augur is one of the clearest uses of cryptotokens, and its potential success

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new privacy-focused cyptocurrency zcash (ZEC). Few cryptocurrencies have been more anticipated than this one, and rightfully so, given its strong engineering team. Ethereum’s Vitalik Buterin was an advisor and described Zcash as providing the “advantages of using a public blockchain, while still being sure that their private information is protected

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this one have an inherent benefit to being provisioned in a distributed, secure, and egalitarian manner? We call this the decentralization edge. Put bluntly by Vitalik Buterin, “Projects really should make sure they have good answers for ‘why use a blockchain.’”3 A number of cryptoasset-based projects focus on social networks

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and in that process refined their ideas so that they now want to launch another? For example, this could be similar to what happened with Vitalik Buterin in his decision to move on from Bitcoin and start Ethereum, which was something fundamentally new. Or is there something more sinister going on? If

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. Dmitry Buterin is also very much involved in the cryptoasset world as cofounder of Blockgeeks and other influential startups. 3. http://fortune.com/ethereum-blockchain-vitalik-buterin/. 4. http://www.ioi2012.org/competition/results-2/. 5. https://backchannel.com/the-uncanny-mind-that-built-ethereum-9b448dc9d14f#.4yr8yhfp8. 6. https://blog.ethereum.org

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: Bitcoin and the Inside Story of the Misfits and Millionaires Trying to Reinvent Monday, Harper, 2015. 14. http://www.coindesk.com/peter-thiel-fellowship-ethereum-vitalik-buterin/. 15. http://www.wtn.net/summit-2014/2014-world-technology-awards-winners. 16. http://ether.fund/market. 17. https://www.ethereum.org/foundation. 18. https

Kings of Crypto: One Startup's Quest to Take Cryptocurrency Out of Silicon Valley and Onto Wall Street

by Jeff John Roberts · 15 Dec 2020 · 226pp · 65,516 words

hobo but he sounded like an Ivy League professor, delivering an impromptu lecture on the work of political economist Albert Hirschman. A scrawny teenager named Vitalik Buterin, who would soon invent the most important cryptocurrency after bitcoin, also spent days puttering around the Coinbase office. Not all visitors to Bluxome Street were

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its wunderkind creator who would become the most famous figure in cryptocurrency after Satoshi. PART TWO * * * From Boom to Bubble to Bust 7 Enter Ethereum Vitalik Buterin is soft-spoken, pale, and practically skeletal. He likes to wear “My Little Pony”–style T-shirts. A child of Russian émigrés, he grew up

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was swelling faster than a new celebrity’s ego. 11 Initial Coin Insanity On June 25, 2017, news raced around social media that Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash. Speculators panicked. Prices fell 20 percent, lopping $4 billion off Ethereum’s value in hours. The next day, a

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marketing slogan, and biographies of the ICO team. The team profile was often fictitious, of course. More than a few ICO sites listed Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin—who had nothing to do with the projects—as an executive or adviser. Scammers with hacking skills found an even quicker way to profit from

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. Even as its economic foundation crumbled in early 2018, crypto continued to garner attention in the media and popular culture. This included a profile of Vitalik Buterin in “Lunch with the FT”—the Financial Times column where typical subjects included the likes of Jeff Bezos, Angela Merkel, and Angelina Jolie. In the

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to its code base never materialized, meaning that the Ethereum blockchain remained slow and inefficient. Meanwhile, the person best poised to lead improvements to Ethereum, Vitalik Buterin, appeared to be getting swallowed by his cult of personality. One of crypto’s more memorable memes, “Vitalik Clapping,” shows the Ethereum creator on a