description: extinction of species worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat
94 results
by Joe Quirk and Patri Friedman · 21 Mar 2017 · 441pp · 113,244 words
,” Washington Post, November 3, 2006, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/02/AR2006110200913.html. See also Boris Worm et al., “Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services,” Science 314, no. 5800 (November 3, 2006): 787–90, www.sciencemag.org/content/314/5800/787.abstract. “peak phosphorus,“or the
by Mark Lynas · 3 Oct 2011 · 369pp · 98,776 words
system were being most affected by humans, and what the implied limits might be to human activities in these areas. Some, like climate change and biodiversity loss, were familiar and obvious contenders for top-level concern. Others, like ocean acidification and the accumulation of environmental toxics, were newer and less well-understood
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new-build on a large scale, and the latter will need the deployment of air-capture technologies to reduce the concentration of ambient CO2. On biodiversity loss, we need to rapidly scale up “payments for ecosystem services,” schemes that use private-and public-sector approaches to make planetary ecological capital assets like
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that the Earth is currently in the throes of its most severe mass extinction event in 65 million years, and it is this crisis of biodiversity loss that arguably forms humanity’s most urgent and critical environmental challenge. Many of our other impacts on the Earth system are more or less reversible
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ultimately undermine the planetary life-support system on which our species depends just as much as any other. The planetary boundaries expert group proposes a biodiversity loss boundary of a maximum of ten species lost to life per million species per year. The current rate of loss is already one or two
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critically endangered, or critically endangered to extinct.1 In 2002 world governments agreed “to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth.” Laudable, of course
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of concern for the myriad plants and animals that share this planet with us. BIODIVERSITY AND THE EARTH SYSTEM Of course, we may fret about biodiversity loss, but life in general is incredibly resilient. Living species have colonized every nook and cranny of the planetary system. Spiders, anchored by tiny threads, whizz
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only part of the story, for it is ecosystems in their entirety that are valuable and irreplaceable as much as the individual species they contain. Biodiversity loss is a planetary boundary of the utmost importance not because killing off species is morally wrong, but because a healthy diversity of living organisms is
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phrases like “serious declines,” “extensive fragmentation and degradation,” “overexploitation,” and “dangerous impacts.” To meet the planetary boundary, we need to make urgent changes in policy. Biodiversity loss is fundamentally an enormous market failure, because the people that profit from destroying biodiversity are not generally the same people who lose out when the
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boundary is achieved—should be enough to avoid this transition, but just as important will be respecting the other planetary boundaries on land use and biodiversity loss. The Amazon rain forest today is probably more threatened by deforestation and agriculture than it is by rising temperatures. If the Amazon rain forest did
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help us to achieve this vital aim. BOUNDARY FOUR LAND USE Consider humanity’s most serious planetary impacts covered so far. From climate change to biodiversity loss to nitrogen pollution, our unwitting changes to the Earth system have been extensive, mostly damaging, and often irreversible. But they have also been largely subtle
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still some room for expansion of human consumption before we run up against hardwired limits in the Earth system in some areas. While on climate, biodiversity loss, and nitrogen we are well over the levels set for sustainable long-term use, we can still tap some rivers to bring fresh water to
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water Great Barrier Reef Australoptihecus Austria Baker, Robert Baltic Sea “Bank of Natural Capital” BASF Berlins, Marcel Better Place “BioBanking” scheme, Malua “Biodiversity Conservation Certificates” biodiversity loss; boundary; accounting systems for; “biodiversity credits” extinction and; Pleistocene overkill; eliminating alien species from islands; and the Earth system; keystone predators; habitat loss; “paper parks
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) Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming great apes, extinction of Great Barrier Reef, Australia Green Fund Green Investment Bank Green Revolution Green, Chris Greenland Greenpeace Greens; biodiversity loss and; call into question GDP as measure of progress; push the difficulty of dealing with climate change; genetic engineering and; plea to give up flying
by Mark Lynas · 1 Apr 2008 · 364pp · 101,193 words
instead of having tadpoles in ponds lays its eggs in moist soil, is predicted to go extinct altogether. With higher degrees of warming, rates of biodiversity loss become increasingly dramatic, adding up, in Williams's words, to ‘an environmental catastrophe of global significance’. Nor are animal species the only ones affected. A
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’, Global Environmental Change, 14, 87-99 p. 152 more people exposed: Ibid. p. 154 tepui endemic plants: Rull, V., and Vegas-Vilarrubia, T., 2006: ‘Unexpected biodiversity loss under global warming in the neotropical Guyana highlands: a preliminary appraisal’, Global Change Biology, 12,1-9 p. 154 coral reefs: Donner, S., et al
by Dieter Helm · 2 Sep 2020 · 304pp · 90,084 words
various dimensions that have been set out so far. It starts with sustainable economic growth, not the GDP fetish which beguiles us. Climate change and biodiversity loss are so systemic that they demand an overarching economic system to address them. Critics of the current model of capitalism are right to point out
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, 86, 87–8, 95, 100, 102, 109, 116, 146–7, 149, 159, 163–80, 181, 183, 192, 197, 198, 206, 220 baseline, the 164–8 biodiversity loss and 2, 5, 100, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 180 biofuels and 197–8 carbon emissions and 2, 12, 13, 35–6, 76
by Elizabeth Kolbert · 11 Feb 2014 · 308pp · 94,447 words
eliminate a “significant proportion of the world’s biota in a geologically insignificant amount of time.” Another expert, David Jablonski, characterizes mass extinctions as “substantial biodiversity losses” that occur rapidly and are “global in extent.” Michael Benton, a paleontologist who has studied the end-Permian extinction, uses the metaphor of the tree
by Ayana Elizabeth Johnson · 17 Sep 2024 · 588pp · 160,825 words
quo, and manufacture things we don’t need (probably plastic things), and power the devices we’re addicted to so we can “like” posts about biodiversity loss and climate disasters, and then proceed unchanged. We are fracturing rocks deep underground—causing earthquakes and polluting drinking water—to extract fracked methane (an extra
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2030. + Mangroves and coastal wetlands can hold up to five times more carbon per hectare than tropical forests. + Reducing greenhouse gas pollution, ecosystem degradation, and biodiversity loss and restoring land could have an estimated $140 trillion of benefit annually—a third more than the entire 2023 global GDP. + 16% of land area
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I haven’t been a puddle of tears on the NYC subway while reading UN climate reports, because I’m picturing the human suffering and biodiversity loss implied by those graphs. I feel all of this, deeply. I can absolutely relate to the sense of grasping for a reason to keep at
by Simran Sethi · 10 Nov 2015 · 396pp · 112,832 words
tough to study bees on a global scale. A 2015 study from the International Union for Conservation of Nature offers a sobering snapshot of this biodiversity loss: Nearly 10 percent of Europe’s almost 2,000 wild bee species are at risk of extinction, while an additional 5 percent will likely be
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April 27, 2015, http://www.whoi.edu/main/topic/phytoplankton. 12.“Facts and Figures on Marine Biodiversity,” UNESCO. 13.Boris Worm et al., “Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services,” Science 314 (November 2006): 790, doi:10.1126/science.1132294. 14.Robert Krulwich, “The Hardest-Working Mom on the Planet,” Krulwich
by Stefan Al · 11 Apr 2022 · 300pp · 81,293 words
make clean air and urban park spaces a social issue, not just a green one. Bosco Verticale, Milan, Stefano Boeri, 2014 In our age of biodiversity loss, the new challenge is to design buildings that will spawn their own ecosystems with the most species. Every living thing on this planet is a
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Park South, 197 Unilever House, London, 157 United Nations Secretariat Building, 59, 124 urbanization, 12–13. See also cities agriculture and, 149, 246, 249, 270 biodiversity loss and, 262 China’s rise and, 101 dystopian image of, 239 economic growth and, 12–13, 239 enabled by train and elevator, 93 expected growth
by Ian Goldin and Mike Mariathasan · 15 Mar 2014 · 414pp · 101,285 words
example, Ian Goldin, ed., forthcoming, Is the Planet Full? (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press). 18. OECD, 2003a, 42. 19. Monitira J. Pongsiri et al., 2009, “Biodiversity Loss Affects Global Disease Ecology,” BioScience 59 (11): 945–954, quote on 945. 20. Nick Nuttall, 2004, “Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biodiversity,” Ten Stories, United
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., Joe Roman, Vanessa O. Ezenwa, Tony L. Goldberg, Hillel S. Koren, Stephen C. Newbold, Richard S. Ostfeld, Subhrendu K. Pattanayak, and Daniel J. Salkeld. 2009. “Biodiversity Loss Affects Global Disease Ecology.” BioScience 59 (11): 945–954. Prasad, Eswar S., Kenneth Rogoff, Shang-Jin Wei, and M. Ayan Kose. 2003. “Effects of Financial
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. See also cyber risks Haiti, 123, 206 Haldane, Andrew G., 50, 54, 57, 63, 68 Hammond, Ross A., 121 health/disease system, 127 health risks: biodiversity loss and, 132; of climate change, 129–30; genetic disorders, 159–60; globalization and, 144, 145–49, 158–60, 163; of “lifestyle” diseases, 159; management of
by Kate Raworth · 22 Mar 2017 · 403pp · 111,119 words
– lie critical human deprivations such as hunger and illiteracy. Beyond the outer ring – the ecological ceiling – lies critical planetary degradation such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Between those two rings is the Doughnut itself, the space in which we can meet the needs of all within the means of the planet
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. Since 1950 there has been an accompanying surge in ecological impacts, from the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to ocean acidification and biodiversity loss.24 ‘It is difficult to overestimate the scale and speed of change,’ says Will Steffen, the scientist who led the study documenting these trends. ‘In
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look more like a bowl of spaghetti. Take, for example, what happens when hillsides are deforested. Land conversion of this kind is likely to accelerate biodiversity loss, weaken the freshwater cycle, and exacerbate climate change – and these impacts, in turn, put increased stress on remaining forests. Furthermore, the loss of forests and
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systems under unprecedented stress. In fact we have transgressed at least four planetary boundaries: those of climate change, land conversion, nitrogen and phosphorus loading, and biodiversity loss. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere now far exceeds the boundary of 350 parts per million (ppm): it is over 400ppm and still
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stands as forest and even that land area continues to shrink, significantly reducing Earth’s capacity to act as a carbon sink. The scale of biodiversity loss is severe: species extinction is occurring at least ten times faster than the boundary deems safe. No wonder that, since 1970, the number of mammals
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specific terms as the many forms of ecological degradation that put pressure on planetary boundaries, from climate change and chemical pollution to ocean acidification and biodiversity loss. What’s more, recent data comparisons with the 1972 model find that the global economy appears to be closely tracking its business-as-usual scenario
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caveat to their findings. They acknowledged that they only had data for local air and water pollutants, not for concerns like global greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and deforestation. They noted that national outcomes depended on the politics, technologies and economics of the day. And they pointed out that an
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Kuznets Curve’s rise and fall held true for wider ecological impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater depletion, deforestation, soil degradation, agrochemical use, and biodiversity loss. Nor could they assess how much of each nation’s environmental impact was being incurred overseas. But thanks to advances in natural-resource-flow accounting
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date, as nations’ economies have got larger, so too have their global material footprints, ratcheting up the pressures of climate change, water scarcity, ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution. We have inherited degenerative industrial economies: our task now is to transform them into ones that are regenerative by design. There’s
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, farmland and highways – depletes Earth’s carbon sinks, destroys rich wildlife habitats, and undermines the land’s role in continually cycling water, nitrogen and phosphorus. Biodiversity loss. A decline in the number and variety of living species damages the integrity of ecosystems and accelerates species extinction. In doing so it increases the
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) ‘Power distribution, the environment, and public health: a state-level analysis’, Ecological Economics 29, pp. 127–140. 24. Holland, T. et al. (2009) ‘Inequality predicts biodiversity loss’, Conservation Biology 23: 5, pp. 1304–1313. 25. Kumhof, M. and Rancière, R. (2010) Inequality, Leverage and Crises, IMF Working Paper WP/10/268, Washington
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. Hernandez, J. (2015) ‘The new global corporate law’, in The State of Power 2015, Amsterdam: The Transnational Institute. Holland, T. et al. (2009) ‘Inequality predicts biodiversity loss’, Conservation Biology 23: 5, pp. 1304–1313. Hudson, M. and Bezemer, D. (2012) ‘Incorporating the rentier sectors into a financial model’, World Economic Review 1
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