description: reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset an emission made elsewhere
173 results
by Kevin Morrison · 15 Jul 2008 · 311pp · 17,232 words
future,36, 37 has led to predictions that carbon could become the biggest commodity market of all. Voluntary Schemes As mentioned, there are now voluntary carbon offset schemes, where conscientious consumers buy carbon credits. Funds are then invested in forestry schemes, which mean planting more trees or looking after existing ones. But
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seen whether all of these schemes will survive as they are not independently audited and it is difficult to verify how much money from selling carbon offset credits actually goes to the designated project. They might be more effective as a way for people to buy a clean green conscience than a
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the rights and responsibilities of landowners, communities and loggers, is key to effective forest management’ (Stern, 2006). The Lungs of the Earth The demands for carbon offsetting have heightened the need to preserve forests for their valuable role in stabilizing the climate. Prince Charles has called for the forests of the world
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hectare. This means that farmers are destroying a $10 000 to $20 000 asset to create one worth $200. The exact income derived from forestry carbon offsets versus farming or logging depends on land use and location. The Stern Review 150 | LIVING IN A MATERIAL WORLD estimated that the income ranges from
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for soya and palm oil plantations, with one-off returns of $236 to $1035 for selling hardwood – far less than the potential income from forestry carbon offsets. The price of forest carbon needs to be well above the alternative income from agriculture or the timber industry to preserve forests and slow down
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51 % in 2005 (Stern, 2006). China, too, is offering farmers incentives and legal tenure to encourage forest growth, although this has little to do with carbon offsetting; it is driven by other environmental concerns such as soil erosion and flooding. China has added 7 million hectares of forests, a rate equal to
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the CDM process has its shortcomings because only a small percentage of the CERs under the programme came from renewable energy projects. Most of the carbon-offset projects were associated with reducing emissions from refrigeration factories, nylon-making facilities and capturing methane from animal manure (Wara, 2006). Wara estimated that renewable energy
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little extra money in the pocket, enough money to take their wife out to dinner,’ said Sundblad. Independent verification experts monitor the farmers under the carbon-offsetting programme. The Iowa Farm Bureau works in close cooperation with the Chicago Climate Exchange, advising it on agricultural emission matters. Biodiversity Farmland is not only
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, press release, April 9. Conway, R.K. and Duncan, M.R. (2006) Bioproducts: Developing a Federal Strategy for Success, Choices, 1st quarter. Copping, J. (2007) Carbon Offsetting Schemes Not So Green, Sunday Telegraph, August 20. Cosgrove, W.J. and Rijsberman, F.R. (2000) World Water Vision Making Water Everybody’s Business, Earthscan
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145 Vekselberg, Viktor 199 Venter, Craig 38 Verasun 77 | 299 Vice, Charles 258 Viola, Vinnie 253 virtual water 166 Vitol 199 Volcker, Paul 114 voluntary carbon offset schemes 144–5 Vromans, Dr Jaap 58, 59 Walker, Keith 167–8 Wallace, Henry A. 89, 102, 103, 120 n. 14, 122 n. 32 Wallace
by Peter Barnes · 31 Jul 2014 · 151pp · 38,153 words
system would make sense for carbon. But airtightness isn’t always sought in Washington; in fact, our lawmakers frequently prefer loopholes. Hence the rise of carbon “offsets.” Sometimes offsets and permits are lumped together, but they’re not the same. Offsets aren’t issued by government, and they’re not permits to
by Fred Pearce · 30 Sep 2009 · 407pp · 121,458 words
Queen of Trash and Other Chinese Titans of Recycling 28. E-waste: What to Do with that Old Computer Part Seven: The Footprint Doctors 29. Carbon Offsets: Green Fraud or Painless Panacea? 30. Too Few Planets: Scary Science in Siena One in a Billion: Paul, the African Laird Part Eight: My Species
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am freelance and by and large I can choose where I travel and how. Anyhow, it didn’t look so good. See Chapter 29 on carbon offsets for what happened when I tried to calculate my horrible carbon footprint for travelling to write this book. But really I knew the problems. I
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. Now that I have, I am convinced. I can’t think of a better place to send my computer. Part Seven The Footprint Doctors 29 Carbon Offsets: Green Fraud or Painless Panacea? IT WAS A night for partying. Fireworks fizzed across the Brisbane sky as half of the city’s inhabitants celebrated
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world for this book. I too dump and burn. Can I offset my travels with a clear conscience? I decided to explore the world of carbon offsets. There are two kinds of offsets: the official and the unofficial, or voluntary, offsets. The official ones help organizations meet their targets under the Kyoto
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me wrong. There are plenty of good reasons for planting forests. Social and environmental. But they have to work in their own terms. Not as carbon offsets. Many offset companies are getting out of the trees business. They say the burden of long-term monitoring and verification, and the potential for disputes
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, targetneutral scheme 305 Brasilia 347 bread Lighthouse 42 processes 42 stoneground wholemeal flour 42–4 yeasts 42 breweries, closures 37 Brisbane 303–4 British Airways, carbon offsets 304–5 British Trust for Ornithology 262 Broadacre City, Lloyd Wright 346–7 Brown, Gordon, eco-cities 350 brownfield sites development of 351 wildlife 350
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, 359 Cameron, Ray 219–20 Cameroon cocoa 94–7 cotton 136 slash-and-burn agriculture 95 carbon footprint books 312–13 calculating 371 publishing 313 carbon offsets see also CO2 emissions aircraft emissions 303–4, 306–8 availability 304–5 British Airways 304–5 Climate Care 308, 310, 312 costs 308 definitions
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305 Climate Care 308, 310, 312 climate changes Alaska 218–19 economic implications 358 Mount Toba eruption 326–7 cloves 58 CO2 emissions see also carbon offsets accumulation 316 air travel 233, 236–7 built environment’ 242–4 burying with biofuels 357 cement 240 coaches and buses 235 coal-fired power stations
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Cameron 45, 103, 359 food production, and population growth 340 Forest Stewardship Council approved paper 312 tropical hardwoods 175 Forest Trends 170, 175 forests as carbon offsets 309 maintenance 308–9 Foundation for Adolescent Development 154 Fox, Richard, Homegrown 111 Foxconn, mobile phones 271–2 Friends of the Earth 101, 350 Frison
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Kirkham, Ruth 40 Klor, Babubhai 131 KNCU (Kilimanjaro Native Cooperative Union) 30–3 Kombe, Jackson 29–30 Kyoto Protocol air travel 236–7 Australia 198 carbon offsets 304, 311 Ministry of Defence 242 Lagavulin, Islay single malt Scotch 44–5 Lamb, Harriet 103–4 land, multiple functions for 316 landfill sites heavy
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stations 227, 355–6 waste from 356 nuclear-fusion research reactors, Culham 226 offices, ecological footprints 315 oil Alaska 215–20 Siberia 220–2 Orbost, carbon offsets 305–6 oregano 55–6 organic farming bananas 87 coffee 30 crop/livestock integration 336 king prawns 64 Nigeria 335–6 organic food, air freighted
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, John 262 Philippines see Manila Phones for Africa, Tanzania 278 phosphates fertilizers 205–6 Morocco 206 phthalates, mobile phones 273 pineapples 89 pistachios 91 plankton, carbon offsets 310 plant foods see also foods by name air-miles issues 111–12 ancient varieties 89–90 benefits of local 45 carbon footprint 101–2
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, M. M. A., prawn processor 67 salep, Turkey 57 Scope, textile recycling 264–6 Scotch, Islay single malt 44–5 Scotland Letterewe 321–2 Orbost carbon offsets 305–6 wildlife reintroductions 321–2 Seamark, king prawns 62, 68 Sears 142 seasonality, plant foods 100, 105 Secret Intelligence Service, headquarters 241 Senegal, fishing
by Mark Lynas · 3 Oct 2011 · 369pp · 98,776 words
economic implications I suggest that the boundaries may carry are my assertions alone. I have no idea whether Johan’s co-authors support nuclear power, carbon offsetting, or a variety of other controversial proposals that I explore or endorse in this book. They have laid the foundations, however, for a new and
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of the planetary boundaries to the campaigns being run by the big environmental groups, we find that many of them are irrelevant or even counterproductive. Carbon offsetting is a useful short-term palliative that the Green movement has discredited without good reason, harming both the climate and the interests of poor people
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wild orangutans as well as gibbons, clouded leopards, pygmy elephants, and over 300 species of birds,” according to the Malua BioBank website.55 As with carbon offsets, aimed at mopping up an equivalent amount of greenhouse gases to those unavoidably released elsewhere, a partnership between businesses, governments, and conservationist groups is currently
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specific objections to the REDD scheme. “Allowing countries with carbon intensive lifestyles to continue consuming inequitably and unsustainably, by permitting them to fund cheaper forest carbon ‘offsets’ in developing countries, diverts critical resources and attention away from measures to address fossil fuel consumption and the real underlying causes of deforestation,” FoE asserted
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benefits (both in carbon dioxide and other pollutants) while likewise promoting the health of millions in poorer countries. One way of raising funds is via carbon offsetting. Instead of spending money in situ to reduce emissions, many consumers and industries—especially in rich countries—would find it cheaper and easier to pay
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of avoiding a tonne of carbon dioxide by putting solar panels on rooftops in Germany has been estimated at 700 euros or more.34 Using carbon-offset funds to pay for clean cookstoves worldwide is extremely good value for money in terms of climate protection and could potentially save three lives per
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children. Here, unfortunately, we run up against what may be the Green movement’s second greatest climate-change mistake, after its opposition to nuclear power. Carbon offsetting was completely derailed as a climate-mitigation strategy in its early stages by vociferous opposition from environmentalists. Prominent Green writers compared offsets to the “indulgences
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,” argued a publication by a Green-minded group called Carbon Trade Watch in 2007.35 The leftist magazine New Internationalist wrote in an editorial that carbon offsetting was “a falsehood—a con.”36 A clever activist website called Cheatneutral.com promoted the analogy of cheating on your partner: The joke was that
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overall amount of fidelity in the world would remain the same. The website claimed that the cheating analogy was apt because “in the same way, carbon offsetting tries to make it acceptable to carry on emitting excess carbon.” The crux of the argument was a psychological one: “If the carbon offsetters persuade
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about reducing your emissions.” Unfortunately the Greens got their psychology wrong. They were very successful in establishing the idea in most people’s minds that carbon offsetting was a con and a waste of money. But they were spectacularly unsuccessful in convincing the same people that therefore they needed to fly less
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million,37 but this drop was probably mainly due to the economic recession. Also, some of the early criticisms were correct in that not all carbon offsets sold—particularly those based on questionable tree-planting schemes—were likely to mop up all the carbon emitted elsewhere. Some environmental groups also deserve praise
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playing a constructive role in helping the new industry meet the highest standards: WWF, for example, was involved in designing an industry “gold standard” for carbon offsets. But I still often receive emails from people who are worried that they might be ripped off and want to ask whether offsetting is worthwhile
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; vehicle ownership, growth in emissions; food production; investment in low-carbon technologies Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning Climate Action Network Climate Action Partnership climate change: carbon offsetting/markets and; deniers; extinction and; boundary see climate change boundary; tipping points; methane and; agreements/negotiations; nitrates worsen; solar radiation management and; see also carbon
by Simon Fairlie · 14 Jun 2010 · 614pp · 176,458 words
for selling carbon credits. There is no guarantee that these are any less likely to attract con artists and sellers of indulgences than the other carbon offset schemes which have surfaced in the last ten years – indeed judging by the Carbon Farmers of America, they are already on the case. Soil carbon
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/about/who/ministers/speeches/hilary-benn/hb090106.htm 5 Chicago Climate Exchange (2008), Soil Carbon Management Offsets, http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/docs/offsets/CCX_Soil_Carbon_Offsets.pdf 6 Carbon Farmers of America (n.d.), Carbon Sinks, http://www.carbonfarmersofamerica.com/products.htm 7 For a circumspect view of minimum tillage and
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-79, 1997. 11 FAO, 2006, Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO, p 114. 12Ibid.; see also Conservation Technology Information Center (2008), Mitigating Climate Change, Conservation Agriculture Carbon Offset Consultation, West Fayette Indiana, 28-30 October 2008, http://www.amazingcarbon.com/ 13 FAO (2006), op cit. 11, p 280. 14 Schumann, G E et
by David Callahan · 9 Aug 2010
his pledge to curb greenhouse gas emissions. But no worries: many of his biggest donors fancied themselves to be “green” jet-setters because they bought carbon offsets for each private jet flight they took. The only problem, then, was where to land—and park. Reagan National Airport hadn’t allowed private jets
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solar panels at the company headquarters in Mountain View—the “Googleplex”—and using a dam to power its Oregon computer center. Google also invested in carbon offsets, funding things such as a project to generate electricity from manure in Brazil. The company’s charity arm, Google.org, had made alternative energy and
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2012. c03.indd 60 5/11/10 6:18:32 AM the eco rich 61 NetJets wasn’t the first jet charter service to make carbon offsets mandatory for all flights. Cerulean Jet, based in Austin, Texas, beat NetJets by a few months in taking this step when it announced that it
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would buy carbon offsets for all of its flights. Ken Starnes, the CEO of Cerulean Jet, commented that “offsetting our carbon footprint is good for business and good for
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share for years to come. That’s why 2007 and 2008 saw other private jet companies, such as Jets.com and V1 International, also start carbon offset programs. In a few years, or perhaps even before these words appear in print, it is likely that all jet charter companies will be doing
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carbon-neutral for only 1 percent of the total flying costs. Although private jet flying can run between $2,000 and $13,000 an hour, carbon offsets range from $7 to $60 an hour, and with more services popping up to assuage the ecoguilt of jet setters, calculating your carbon output and
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purchasing offsets are easier than ever. The only catch is that many experts say that carbon offsets are an illusory solution to climate change that can actually create perverse incentives to pollute. In November 2009, Responsible Travel, an early leader in offsets
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, canceled its offset program, citing a report by Friends of the Earth that likened carbon offsets to a “medieval pardon for us to carry on behaving in the same way or worse.”5 Environmentalists have kept up the pressure on jet
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c03.indd 63 5/11/10 6:18:33 AM 64 fortunes of change serious view of their personal energy consumption. “We now are buying carbon offsets for the things that we do,” he said. “And we should. When we fly on the airplane, or when we are in our cars.”9
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, April 29, 2007. 3. Laura MacInnis, “Private Jet Operator Faces Climate Change Heat,” Reuters, January 26, 2007. 4. “Warren Buffett’s Private Jet Company Makes Carbon Offsets Obligatory,” International Herald Tribune, September 13, 2007. 5. Jamie Cheng, “When Flying in a Private Jet, Fly Carbon Neutral,” Helium Report, January 10, 2008; and
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“Responsible Travel Cancels Carbon Offset Program,” USA Today, November 25, 2009. bnotes.indd 296 5/11/10 6:29:34 AM notes to pages 62–81 297 6. “Plane Stupid
by Robert Bryce · 26 Apr 2011 · 520pp · 129,887 words
of the potential for fraud when buying them.25 And in late 2009, a British travel company, Responsibletravel. com, announced that it had quit offering carbon offsets because, in the words of the company’s founder, they had become the equivalent of a “medieval pardon” that allowed buyers “to continue polluting.”26
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“green delegate challenge” that asked each of the 5,000 delegates who were going to the convention in Denver to pay $7.50 for a “carbon offset.” The money was to be funneled to NativeEnergy, a Vermont outfit that promised to invest the money in various renewable energy projects.28 It’s
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were 14 percent above the Kyoto target.17 By early 2009, with the country still far above the target level, the Japanese had begun buying carbon offsets.18 The inability of Japan—which has high population density, a homogeneous society, and an extremely energy-efficient economy—to achieve the carbon dioxide reductions
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-world-factbook/geos/IN.html. 24 Jerome Taylor, “Ethical Travel Company Drops Carbon Offsetting,” The Independent , November 7, 2009, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/ethical-travel-company-drops-carbon-offsetting-18165 54. html. 25 Louise Story, “FTC Asks If Carbon-Offset Money Is Well Spent,” New York Times, January 9, 2008, http://www
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.nytimes.com/2008/01/09/business/09offsets.html; Christopher Joyce, “Carbon Offsets: Government Warns of Fraud Risk,” National Public Radio, January 3, 2008, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17814838. 26 Taylor, “Ethical Travel
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/16/live-earth-to-be-carbon-neutral-model-of-sustainable-entertainment/. 28 Jerd Smith, “Bet Made on Carbon Offsets,” Rocky Mountain News, July 26, 2008, http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/jul/26/bet-made-on-carbon-offsets/. 29 Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Vatican Seeks to Be Carbon Neutral,” New York Times, September 3, 2007, http
by Naomi Klein · 15 Sep 2014 · 829pp · 229,566 words
will have to come to a screeching halt. Nor have the various attempts to soft-pedal climate action as compatible with market logic (carbon trading, carbon offsets, monetizing nature’s “services”) fooled these true believers one bit. They know very well that ours is a global economy created by, and fully reliant
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hosted by The Nature Conservancy. “They don’t want human beings in the forest,” one farmer told the investigative journalist Mark Schapiro. And in a carbon-offset tree-planting project in Uganda’s Mount Elgon National Park and Kibale National Park, run by a Dutch organization, villagers described a similar pattern of
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continue to crop up. For example, in the Bajo Aguán region of Honduras, some owners of palm oil plantations have been able to register a carbon offset project that claims to capture methane. Spurred by the promise of cash for captured gas, sprawling tree farms have displaced local agriculture, leading to a
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smoke may not be billowing from the tops of its trees but it may as well be, since the trees that have been designated as carbon offsets are now allowing that pollution to take place elsewhere.73 The mantra of the early ecologists was “everything is connected”—every tree a part of
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ticket to Barbados were going into Branson’s grand plan to discover a miracle green fuel. It was an even more effective conscience cleaner than carbon offsets (though Virgin sold those, too). As for punitive regulations and taxes, who would want to get in the way of an airline whose proceeds were
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on those lands who were willing to fight against the shattering of their territory and the poisoning of their water) to cap-and-trade and carbon offsets (forgetting the people once again, the ones forced to breathe the toxic air next to refineries that were being kept open thanks to these backroom
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fuel companies, in short, are no longer dealing with those Big Green groups that can be silenced with a generous donation or a conscience-clearing carbon offset program. The communities they are facing are, for the most part, not looking to negotiate a better deal—whether in the form of local jobs
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yet another extractive one, in which non-Natives use hard-won Indigenous rights but give nothing or too little in return? As the experience with carbon offsets shows, there are plenty of examples of new “green” relationships replicating old patterns. Large NGOs often use Indigenous groups for their legal standing, picking up
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, Let’s Do It, 113-116. 60. Matthew Lynn, “Branson’s Gesture May Not Save Aviation Industry,” Bloomberg, September 26, 2006. 61. “Virgin America Selling Carbon Offsets to Passengers,” Environmental Leader, December 5, 2008; John Arlidge, “I’m in a Dirty Old Business but I Try,” Sunday Times (London), August 9, 2009
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gas emissions Carbon Engineering, 281 carbon footprint, 77, 144, 178, 235, 247, 248, 288 carbon markets, 211, 218–25, 233 failure of, 224–25, 252 carbon offsets, 8, 39, 212, 251, 287 ineffectiveness of, 223–24, 387 carbon sequestration, 134, 218, 221–23, 232, 245, 247–48, 284, 439 carbon-sucking machines
by Ian Hanington · 13 May 2012 · 258pp · 77,601 words
2012 presidential election to see that the people standing in the way of progress on the environment are often just as ignorant about the economy. Carbon offsets: a tool in the fight against global warming THE SCIENCE IS CLEAR: human-caused global warming is a reality. Now it’s time to focus
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practices. There is no legitimate argument about whether the problem exists, but there is still some debate about the best ways to tackle it. Take carbon offsets. Some people compare them to indulgences granted by the church allowing sinners to avoid punishment for some transgressions. Others argue that offsets can be one
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of many legitimate tools used to tackle climate change and that high-quality carbon offsets can result in real reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon offsets are becoming an increasingly popular way for individuals, businesses, and even governments to reduce their impact on the environment. The
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“voluntary” carbon market, made up of all these purchases of carbon offsets, increased in value globally from $305 million in 2007 to $460 million in 2008. If you add in the offsets that are used in national
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the Kyoto Protocol and European Union Emissions Trading System, the total carbon market now approaches $139 billion a year. So carbon offsets are here to stay. But what are they? Well, a carbon offset is a credit for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions generated by one project, such as a solar-power installation
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, that can be used to cancel out the emissions from another source. Carbon offsets are typically measured in tonnes of CO2 or their equivalent. Those who buy offsets are essentially investing in other projects that reduce emissions on their
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behalf, either because they are unable to do so themselves or because it is too expensive to make their own reductions. But not all carbon offsets are created equal. Because the market is new and largely unregulated, some offsets are unlikely to have any benefit for the climate. This is one
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reason why carbon offsets have gotten a bad rap. So, what makes a good offset? Opinions vary on some of the finer points, but most experts agree that several
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conditions are necessary. Good offsets are “additional”; that is, they result in greenhouse gas reductions that wouldn’t have otherwise occurred without the incentive of carbon offsets. For example, if a company is required by regulation to install technology to reduce emissions from its factory, the resulting emission reductions should not be
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sold as offsets. A good carbon offset should also result in “permanent” reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. This is one reason why some organizations recommend against using tree planting to generate offsets
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. Although trees have many benefits for the environment, they make risky carbon offsets because they are susceptible to fire, logging, and insect infestation—any one of which can release the stored carbon back into the atmosphere and render
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the offset worthless. Good carbon offsets should also be verified by qualified auditors to ensure that the reductions have actually taken place. Carbon offsets that are real, additional, and permanent can have a direct, positive impact on the climate. And they
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for much-needed renewable-energy and energy-efficiency projects, which can help move society away from fossil fuels and toward a clean-energy economy. Buying carbon offsets can also help to deal with emissions that aren’t currently covered by government regulations, such as international air travel
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. Carbon offsets can also put a value on carbon and help to educate businesses and consumers about the climate impact of their daily decisions and where they
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emissions, but when that isn’t possible or feasible, buying high-quality offsets at least ensures that an equivalent amount of reductions is made elsewhere. Carbon offsets alone won’t solve climate change. We still need to find ways to make deep reductions in our own emissions. But the problem of climate
by Ray C. Anderson · 28 Mar 2011 · 412pp · 113,782 words
things we can do locally to lessen the impact of skyrocketing oil prices. And we can begin to act on a broader stage by purchasing carbon offsets for company travel, making wiser, more deliberate choices about how we ship our goods, and even rethinking the wisdom of large central factories serving widely
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carbon dioxide credits carbon dioxide emissions legislation re top corporate emitters carbon emissions benefits (from RECs) carbon footprint taxing of zero, buying offsets to achieve carbon offsets doubts about carbon sinks carbon taxes Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE) carpet industry, environmental impact of carpet installer network, episode in Interface’s history carpets
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