carbon offset

Badvertising
by Andrew Simms

Siddharta (2009) Upsetting the offset: the political economy of carbon markets. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/7271/ 82. Climate Home News (2018) FIFA accused of greenwashing in World Cup carbon offset scheme. 11 June. www.climatechangenews.com/2018/06/11/fifa-accused-greenwashingworld-cup-carbon-offset-scheme 83. Guardian (2023) Revealed: more than 90% of rainforest carbon offsets by biggest certifier are worthless, analysis shows. 18 January. www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe 84. Badvertising (2022) Caught offside with offsets? Why offsetting won’t solve sports’ climate problem.

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Ecologist, 13 December. https://theecologist.org/2022/dec/13/offsets-caught-offside#:~:text=One%20study%20for%20the%20EU,high%20likelihood%20of%20doing%20so 32. Greenfield, Patrick (2023) Revealed: more than 90% of rainforest carbon offsets by biggest certifier are worthless, analysis shows. Guardian, 18 January. www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe 33. ICAO (2023) Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme (CORSIA), June. www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx 34. National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian. The evolution of the commercial flying experience: 1914–today. https://airandspace.si.edu/explore/stories/evolution-commercial-flying-experience#1927 35.

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In 2019, Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo set a precedent in the field by denying the fossil fuel giant Total access to sponsor the 2024 Olympics, stating that ‘it would be very difficult for our fellow citizens to identify with companies whose activity would have a big impact on the environment, based in particular on the massive use of carbon-based energies’.80 WHY OFFSETTING IS NOT A POLLUTER’S ‘GET OUT OF JAIL FREE’ CARD So while we are on the subject, let’s just think about carbon offsetting for a moment. This is now widely used by companies who sign up to greenhouse gas emission reduction programmes. The practice allows companies to keep on emitting a certain amount of carbon emissions and be given ‘carbon credits’ in exchange for investing in carbon reduction projects, such as reforestation schemes, in other countries – often in the Global South. Among global sports institutions, FIFA is a high-profile organisation relying on carbon offsetting to live up to its climate promises. By pledging to become carbon neutral by 2050, the international football federation sets a precedent for others in football to use offsetting to attempt to achieve environmental objectives.

Everything Under the Sun: Toward a Brighter Future on a Small Blue Planet
by Ian Hanington
Published 13 May 2012

If you add in the offsets that are used in national and international regulatory programs, such as the Kyoto Protocol and European Union Emissions Trading System, the total carbon market now approaches $139 billion a year. So carbon offsets are here to stay. But what are they? Well, a carbon offset is a credit for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions generated by one project, such as a solar-power installation, that can be used to cancel out the emissions from another source. Carbon offsets are typically measured in tonnes of CO2 or their equivalent. Those who buy offsets are essentially investing in other projects that reduce emissions on their behalf, either because they are unable to do so themselves or because it is too expensive to make their own reductions. But not all carbon offsets are created equal.

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Some people compare them to indulgences granted by the church allowing sinners to avoid punishment for some transgressions. Others argue that offsets can be one of many legitimate tools used to tackle climate change and that high-quality carbon offsets can result in real reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon offsets are becoming an increasingly popular way for individuals, businesses, and even governments to reduce their impact on the environment. The “voluntary” carbon market, made up of all these purchases of carbon offsets, increased in value globally from $305 million in 2007 to $460 million in 2008. If you add in the offsets that are used in national and international regulatory programs, such as the Kyoto Protocol and European Union Emissions Trading System, the total carbon market now approaches $139 billion a year.

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Because the market is new and largely unregulated, some offsets are unlikely to have any benefit for the climate. This is one reason why carbon offsets have gotten a bad rap. So, what makes a good offset? Opinions vary on some of the finer points, but most experts agree that several conditions are necessary. Good offsets are “additional”; that is, they result in greenhouse gas reductions that wouldn’t have otherwise occurred without the incentive of carbon offsets. For example, if a company is required by regulation to install technology to reduce emissions from its factory, the resulting emission reductions should not be sold as offsets. A good carbon offset should also result in “permanent” reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans
by Mark Lynas
Published 3 Oct 2011

Reducing global warming by funding clean cookstoves costs as little as a dollar per tonne of carbon equivalent.33 For comparison, a tonne of CO2 was trading for most of 2010 at 14 euros per tonne, while the cost of avoiding a tonne of carbon dioxide by putting solar panels on rooftops in Germany has been estimated at 700 euros or more.34 Using carbon-offset funds to pay for clean cookstoves worldwide is extremely good value for money in terms of climate protection and could potentially save three lives per minute in developing countries due to the accompanying health benefits for women and children. Here, unfortunately, we run up against what may be the Green movement’s second greatest climate-change mistake, after its opposition to nuclear power. Carbon offsetting was completely derailed as a climate-mitigation strategy in its early stages by vociferous opposition from environmentalists.

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“The sale of offset indulgences is a dead-end detour off the path of action required in the face of climate change,” argued a publication by a Green-minded group called Carbon Trade Watch in 2007.35 The leftist magazine New Internationalist wrote in an editorial that carbon offsetting was “a falsehood—a con.”36 A clever activist website called Cheatneutral.com promoted the analogy of cheating on your partner: The joke was that if you could pay someone else to remain faithful, then the overall amount of fidelity in the world would remain the same. The website claimed that the cheating analogy was apt because “in the same way, carbon offsetting tries to make it acceptable to carry on emitting excess carbon.” The crux of the argument was a psychological one: “If the carbon offsetters persuade you that it’s possible to offset your emissions, you’ll carry on emitting excess carbon through your lifestyle rather than think about reducing your emissions.”

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Globally, the voluntary carbon market’s overall value actually fell between 2008 and 2009, from $419 million to $338 million,37 but this drop was probably mainly due to the economic recession. Also, some of the early criticisms were correct in that not all carbon offsets sold—particularly those based on questionable tree-planting schemes—were likely to mop up all the carbon emitted elsewhere. Some environmental groups also deserve praise for playing a constructive role in helping the new industry meet the highest standards: WWF, for example, was involved in designing an industry “gold standard” for carbon offsets. But I still often receive emails from people who are worried that they might be ripped off and want to ask whether offsetting is worthwhile.

Stuff White People Like: A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions
by Christian Lander
Published 5 Aug 2008

Note: DJs have the best talent-to-groupie ratio of any career. 130 Carbon Offsets As much as white people would love to be able to do everything in an Earth-friendly way, the reality of their needs sometimes just doesn’t match up to current environmental options. For example, when a white person needs to travel to India for a yoga retreat, they are going to have to get on a plane and in the process release tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Though simply avoiding air travel would be a good way to solve this, that’s just not a fair thing to ask. Fortunately, there are carbon offsets. A carbon offset occurs when a white person does something bad to the environment, like flying on an airplane or buying an SUV, and then simply gives some money to a company like TerraPass, which then plants a bunch of trees to make up for the infraction.

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The system is also useful since white people can sit on a plane surrounded by other travelers, yet know deep down that they are saving the Earth while everyone else on the plane is destroying it—even though they are all on the same flight. Since it is very difficult for white people to check up on the status of their carbon offsets, this is an excellent opportunity for personal financial gain. Whenever a white person says that they are going to take a flight, ask if they are paying for a carbon offset. If they say no, then you should introduce them to your new carbon-offset company, but be as unclear as possible about exactly how you will create the offset. Then buy yourself a Toyota Prius. 131 Following Their Dreams White people are required to support anyone who decides to follow their dreams, regardless of the likelihood for success.

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Patrick’s Day 90 Dinner Parties 91 San Francisco 92 Music Piracy 93 Rugby 94 New Balance Shoes 95 Beards 96 Having Children in Their Late Thirties 97 Red Hair 98 Noam Chomsky 99 Non-Motorized Boating 100 The Boston Red Sox 101 Scarves 102 Cleanses 103 Self-Deprecating Humor 104 Integrity 105 Pretending to Be a Canadian When Traveling Abroad 106 The Criterion Collection 107 Natural Childbirth 108 High School English Teachers 109 Native Wisdom 110 Trying Too Hard 111 Portland, Oregon 112 Free Health Care 113 Che Guevara 114 The New Yorker 115 Non-American News Sources 116 Subtitles 117 Premium Juice 118 The ACLU 119 Plaid 120 Platonic Friendships 121 Reusable Shopping Bags 122 Acoustic Covers 123 Dave Chappelle 124 Tibet 125 Nintendo Wii 126 Conspiracies 127 The Simpsons 128 Avoiding Confrontation 129 DJs 130 Carbon Offsets 131 Following Their Dreams 132 Not Having Cash 133 Adopting Foreign Children 134 LEED Certification 135 Expensive Strollers 136 Singer-Songwriters 137 Eating Outside 138 Books 139 Music Festivals 140 Glasses 141 McSweeney’s 142 Hardwood Floors 143 Bakeries 144 Modern Art Museums 145 Cheese 146 Therapy 147 Public Transportation That Is Not a Bus 148 Dive Bars 149 Self-Importance 150 Rock Climbing How White are You?

Confessions of an Eco-Sinner: Tracking Down the Sources of My Stuff
by Fred Pearce
Published 30 Sep 2009

London: My Part in the Metabolism of a Capital City One in a Billion: Greg, the Gold Man Part Six: Downstream 24 My Rubbish: Down the River and Across the World 25. Trade Not Aid: Joining the Great Global Jumble Sale 26. Beyond the Grave: A New Life for Joe’s Old Phone 27. Unexpected Heroes: The Queen of Trash and Other Chinese Titans of Recycling 28. E-waste: What to Do with that Old Computer Part Seven: The Footprint Doctors 29. Carbon Offsets: Green Fraud or Painless Panacea? 30. Too Few Planets: Scary Science in Siena One in a Billion: Paul, the African Laird Part Eight: My Species and Saving the Planet 31. Close Shave: Why We Are All the Children of Toba 32. Good News from Africa: Why We Can Feed the World 33. Beyond the Clockwork Orange: Why We Can Green Our Cities 34.

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That disclosed that in my personal life, my carbon footprint is below the UK average at nearly 8 tonnes of carbon dioxide a year, including a contribution for the services government provides. But then I added in my professional life. Some people say I shouldn’t do that. But I am freelance and by and large I can choose where I travel and how. Anyhow, it didn’t look so good. See Chapter 29 on carbon offsets for what happened when I tried to calculate my horrible carbon footprint for travelling to write this book. But really I knew the problems. I fly. A lot. And when I am at home, I live in a one-house urban heat island. I imagine if we took one of those thermal-imaging pictures of our house in winter, it would be glowing red-hot from all the escaping heat.

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It was a nice idea, but they would have had to put it on a plane rather than in one of the regular container shipments. Could I really justify those air miles? I thought not and turned that idea down. Anyway, I wanted to see the operation first. Now that I have, I am convinced. I can’t think of a better place to send my computer. Part Seven The Footprint Doctors 29 Carbon Offsets: Green Fraud or Painless Panacea? IT WAS A night for partying. Fireworks fizzed across the Brisbane sky as half of the city’s inhabitants celebrated their annual festival along the banks of the River Brisbane. Then came a deafening roar. An F-111 of the Australian air force swooped over the revellers, leaving behind a stream of flame hot enough to feel below.

Fortunes of Change: The Rise of the Liberal Rich and the Remaking of America
by David Callahan
Published 9 Aug 2010

“People want to know we are doing the right thing and every month our customers will be reminded of that in their management fee,” Booth explained.4 Two years later, NetJets announced that it was on track to become carbon neutral by 2012. c03.indd 60 5/11/10 6:18:32 AM the eco rich 61 NetJets wasn’t the first jet charter service to make carbon offsets mandatory for all flights. Cerulean Jet, based in Austin, Texas, beat NetJets by a few months in taking this step when it announced that it would buy carbon offsets for all of its flights. Ken Starnes, the CEO of Cerulean Jet, commented that “offsetting our carbon footprint is good for business and good for the environment, ultimately increasing our ability to help in the global warming fight.”

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That’s why 2007 and 2008 saw other private jet companies, such as Jets.com and V1 International, also start carbon offset programs. In a few years, or perhaps even before these words appear in print, it is likely that all jet charter companies will be doing the same thing, and many major corporations will also be buying carbon credits to offset the private jet use of their executives. Carbon-neutral jet travel not only feels good, but it is relatively inexpensive. According to one analysis, most private air travelers can fly carbon-neutral for only 1 percent of the total flying costs. Although private jet flying can run between $2,000 and $13,000 an hour, carbon offsets range from $7 to $60 an hour, and with more services popping up to assuage the ecoguilt of jet setters, calculating your carbon output and purchasing offsets are easier than ever.

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Although private jet flying can run between $2,000 and $13,000 an hour, carbon offsets range from $7 to $60 an hour, and with more services popping up to assuage the ecoguilt of jet setters, calculating your carbon output and purchasing offsets are easier than ever. The only catch is that many experts say that carbon offsets are an illusory solution to climate change that can actually create perverse incentives to pollute. In November 2009, Responsible Travel, an early leader in offsets, canceled its offset program, citing a report by Friends of the Earth that likened carbon offsets to a “medieval pardon for us to carry on behaving in the same way or worse.”5 Environmentalists have kept up the pressure on jet-setters, for example, with a June 2009 protest in which activists in pinstriped suits and bowler hats chained themselves to a private jet at London c03.indd 61 5/11/10 6:18:32 AM 62 fortunes of change City Airport.

Net Zero: How We Stop Causing Climate Change
by Dieter Helm
Published 2 Sep 2020

Would it not now be in the interests of Brazil to announce a more rapid felling policy, in order to harvest the carbon offsets and increase beef production for the new markets? This is an obvious perverse incentive. It leads to a more profound question. Are there any offsets which could reduce the net emissions caused by your choice to fly? Think of any measure that could be taken and ask whether it is an offsetting investment that should be made anyway. Are there any really additional carbon offsetting measures that would not have been made anyway? Chapter 7 considers the details of how sequestration works in practice, and the choice between natural sequestration and CCS.

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acid rain 25, 194 Africa xiv, xv, 2, 25, 30, 38, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 137, 229 agriculture 2, 6, 12, 13, 14, 23, 35–6, 43, 44–5, 70, 76, 86, 87–8, 95, 100, 102, 109, 116, 146–7, 149, 159, 163–80, 181, 183, 192, 197, 198, 206, 220 baseline, the 164–8 biodiversity loss and 2, 5, 100, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172, 174, 180 biofuels and 197–8 carbon emissions and 2, 12, 13, 35–6, 76–7, 146–7, 163–80 carbon price and 167–70, 171, 172, 173, 180 China and 28–9, 35, 45, 180 economics of 76, 165, 166–7, 171, 174 electricity and 13, 166, 168, 174, 178, 180 fertiliser use see fertiliser lobby 14, 110, 164, 165, 169, 170, 197 methane emissions 23, 84, 177, 178, 179 net gain and 172–4 net value of UK 76, 166 new technologies/indoor farming 87–8, 174–9, 180, 213 peat bogs and 2, 179 pesticide use see pesticides petrochemicals and 166 polluter-pays principle and 76, 168–70, 172, 173 pollution 36, 86, 163, 165–6, 168–70, 172, 173, 177–8, 230 public goods, agricultural 170–4, 180 sequestering carbon and 12, 95, 163, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173–4, 177, 179, 180 soils and 2, 146, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 179 subsidies 14, 76, 102, 109, 116, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 172, 180, 228 25 Year Plan and 179–80 Agriculture Bill (2018), UK 170 air conditioning 135–6, 224, 233 air quality xiii, 13, 25, 46, 52, 61, 70, 135, 153, 177, 180, 201, 216, 230, 232 air transport 3–4, 6, 11, 13, 22, 50, 53, 73, 87, 88, 92, 107, 125, 128, 129, 132, 133, 134, 149, 156–7, 186, 195, 201, 203–5 aluminium 7, 117 Amazon rainforest 2, 34, 35, 95, 145, 149–50, 151, 155, 229, 230 ammonia 35, 137, 191 anaerobic digesters 35, 165, 230 animal welfare 167, 177 antibiotics 93, 165, 174 Arctic 26, 46, 114, 178 artificial intelligence (AI) 32, 175, 220, 231 autonomous vehicles 13, 129, 132, 175, 189–90, 231 Balkans 137–8 Bank of England 121 batteries 6, 31, 131, 135, 141, 183, 184, 185–90, 191, 199, 204, 213, 214, 219, 220, 221, 225, 231 beef 5, 95, 116, 117, 167, 230 Berlin, Isaiah 104 big 5 polluter products 117–18, 120 bin Salman, Mohammad 27 biocrops 36 biodiversity xiv, 2, 5, 12, 13, 28, 35, 51, 76, 94, 100, 148, 149, 152, 153, 158, 159, 164, 165, 168, 169–70, 171, 172, 174, 180, 227, 233 bioenergy 31, 34–5, 36 biofuels 21, 35, 49, 50, 67, 70, 95, 135, 183, 184, 197–8, 210, 230 biomass 32, 34, 49, 50, 67, 69, 109, 146, 147, 151, 210, 217 bonds, government 220 BP 27, 149, 187, 199 Deepwater Horizon disaster, Gulf of Mexico (2010) 147 Brazil 2, 35, 38, 44–5, 47, 95, 145, 149–50, 155, 198 Brexit 42, 47, 56, 117, 165 British Gas 102, 139 British Steel x, 194 broadband networks 6, 11, 90, 92, 125, 126, 127–8, 130–1, 132–3, 135, 140–1, 199, 201, 202, 205, 211, 214, 231, 232 Brundtland Commission 45 BT 127–8, 141 Openreach 214 Burn Out (Helm) ix, xiv Bush, George W. 36, 48, 53, 103 business rates 76, 165 Canada 52, 191, 193 capitalist model 26, 42, 99, 227 carbon border tax/carbon border adjustment xii, 11, 13, 60, 80, 115–20, 194–6, 204 carbon capture and storage (CCS) xiv, 12, 75–6, 95, 109, 146, 147–8, 149, 154, 159, 203–4, 207, 209, 222, 223 Carbon Crunch, The (Helm) ix, xiv, 221 carbon diary 4–5, 8, 10, 11, 64–6, 83, 86, 116, 143, 144, 155, 156, 167, 180, 181, 185, 203, 205 carbon emissions: agriculture and see agriculture by country (2015) 30 during ice ages and warm periods for the past 800,000 years 21 economy and 81–159 electricity and see electricity global annual mean concentration of CO2 (ppm) 19 global average long-term concentration of CO2 (ppm) 20 measuring 43–6 since 1990 1–14, 17–37 transport and see individual method of transport 2020, position in 36–7 UN treaties and 38–57 unilateralism and 58–80 see also unilateralism carbon offsetting xiii–xiv, 4, 5, 12, 34, 45, 72, 74, 79, 94–6, 97, 105, 143–59, 192, 201, 203, 207, 214, 222, 223, 234 for companies 148–50 for countries 151–5 for individuals 155–7 markets 71–2, 110–13, 117, 144, 157–9, 208 travel and 156, 201–3 see also sequestration carbon permits 71–2, 79, 110–13, 117, 144, 208 carbon price/tax xii, xiii, xv, 8, 11, 12, 13, 26, 60, 61, 71, 72, 77, 79, 80, 84, 85–6, 102–3, 105, 106–24, 134, 143, 146, 147, 150, 151–4, 157, 159, 192, 197, 198, 199, 203, 227–30, 232, 234 agriculture and 167, 168, 169–70, 171, 173, 180 domain of the tax/carbon border adjustment xii, 11, 13, 60, 80, 115–20, 121, 124, 192, 194–6, 197, 204, 227 electric pollution and 216–18 ethics of 107–10 floor price 115, 117, 208 for imports 11, 13 prices or quantities/EU ETS versus carbon taxes 110–13 setting 113–15 transport and 192–9 what to do with the money 121–4 where to levy the tax 119–20 who fixes the price 120–1 carbon sinks 2, 5, 166, 169, 203 carboniferous age 34 cars 1, 3, 4, 7, 20, 22, 36, 44, 70, 73, 114, 129, 181, 182, 183, 184–5, 190, 191, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199 see also electric vehicles cartels 39, 40, 43, 45, 46, 47, 56 cattle farming 35, 36, 95, 150, 166, 167, 173, 177, 198 Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) 102, 139, 218 cement 6, 7, 26, 29, 34, 87, 117, 171 charging networks, electric vehicle 91, 129–30, 141–2, 184, 185–90, 199, 200, 202, 219 Chernobyl 78 China xi, xv, 1–2, 5, 8, 18, 42, 46, 47, 48, 64, 66, 74, 101, 180, 229 Belt and Road Initiative 28, 45 coal use 1–2, 8, 23–4, 24, 28, 31, 38, 117, 154, 206, 208 Communist Party 2, 27, 42, 46 demand for fossil fuels/carbon emissions 1–2, 8, 18, 20, 22, 23–4, 24, 25, 27–31, 36, 38, 51, 73, 117, 154, 206, 208 export market x–xi, 5, 9, 64, 66, 117, 155, 194 fertiliser use 35 GDP xv, 27, 29 nationalism and 42 petrochemical demand 22 renewables companies 9, 32, 73, 74, 77, 79 Tiananmen Square 42 unilateralism and 58, 59 UN treaties and 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59 US trade war 56, 118 Churchill, Winston 183 citizen assemblies 99–101 climate change: carbon emissions and see carbon emissions 1.5° target 38, 57 2° target 1, 10, 22–3, 28, 30, 38, 39, 45, 47, 54, 55, 57, 108, 122, 155, 206 see also individual area of climate change Climate Change Act (2008) 66, 74–7 Clinton, Bill 40, 48 Club of Rome 98 coal 1–2, 5, 8, 13, 20, 23–5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 50, 52, 53, 60–1, 67, 72, 77, 78–9, 101, 109, 112, 116, 117, 119, 134, 136, 145, 147, 148, 151, 154, 155, 182, 183, 194, 196, 206–9, 210, 212, 214, 216, 217, 218, 229, 230 coastal marshes 146, 159 colonialism 45 Committee on Climate Change (CCC), UK x–xi, 7, 74–5, 120, 164, 166, 169, 217, 235 ‘Net Zero: The UK’s Contribution to Stopping Global Warming’ report x–xi conference/video calls 6, 129, 156, 202, 205 Conference of the Parties (COP) xii, 10, 48, 50, 53–4, 55, 59, 205 congestion charges 198 Copenhagen Accord 48, 53–4, 59 Coronavirus see Covid-19 cost-benefit analysis (CBA) 71, 108, 110, 114, 138 cost of living 116 Covid-19 x, xi–xii, 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 37, 44, 46, 50, 57, 65, 69, 80, 89, 93, 129, 135, 148, 171, 201, 202, 204, 232 CRISPR 176 crop yields 172, 177 dams 2, 36, 52–3, 179 DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) 100 deforestation 2, 5, 34, 35, 36, 38, 43, 44, 47, 55, 87, 95, 145, 146, 149–50, 155, 172–3, 179, 197–8, 229 Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) 170 deindustrialisation x, 29, 46, 52, 54, 59, 72–4, 218 Deng Xiaoping 27 Denmark 69–70, 136–7 desalination 135–6, 179 diesel 4, 20–1, 70, 76, 86, 109, 119, 121, 129, 132, 164, 165, 166, 174, 175, 178, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 191, 192, 196–7, 208, 217, 230 ‘dieselgate’ scandal 196–7 digitalisation 1, 8, 11, 13, 33, 92, 117, 136, 174, 175, 180, 206, 211, 215, 221, 228–9, 231 DONG 69 Drax 147, 151, 154, 218 economy, net zero 10–12, 81–159 delivering a 96–103 intergenerational equity and 96–7 markets and 103–5 net environmental gain see net environmental gain political ideologies and 98–101 polluter-pays principle see polluter-pays principle public goods, provision of see public goods, provision of technological change and 98 EDF 139, 218 Ehrlich, Paul 98 electricity 1–2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13, 23, 31, 32, 49, 53, 61, 65, 66, 68, 70, 73, 77, 78, 79, 91, 92, 101, 102, 109, 117, 125, 127, 128, 129–30, 131–2, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 149, 158, 166, 168, 174, 178, 180, 182, 183, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235 coal, getting out of 206–7 electric pollution and the carbon price 216–18 electric vehicles 4, 6, 13, 20, 23, 49, 61, 91, 92, 94, 121, 125, 128, 129–30, 131–2, 134, 141, 183–92, 193, 194, 197, 200, 201, 202, 206, 219, 228 equivalent firm power auctions and system operators 210–16 future of 206–25 gas, how to get out of 207–9 infrastructure, electric 185–90, 218–20 low-carbon options post-coal and gas 209–10 net gain and our consumption 222–5 R&D and next-generation renewables 220–2 renewable see renewables Energy Market Reform (EMR) 219 equivalent firm power (EFP) 212–16, 217, 220 ethanol 35, 71, 95, 197 eucalyptus trees xiv, 152 European Commission 60, 71, 72, 112 European Union (EU) xiv, 2, 7, 8, 9, 37, 42, 44, 46, 47, 117, 137, 165, 166, 197; baseline of 1990 and 51–2 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 76, 165 competition regime and customs union 56 deindustrialisation and 46, 52, 54, 59, 72–4 directives for 2030 66 Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) 71–2, 73, 79, 110–13, 117, 144, 208 importing carbon emissions 59 Internal Energy Market (IEM) 68, 71 Kyoto and 9, 51, 59, 66–7 Mercosur Agreement 44, 95 net zero target for 2050 66, 115, 143, 155, 167, 180 Paris and 54 Renewable Energy Directive 68–71, 73, 109 2020 targets signed into law 66 2020–20–20 targets 67, 69, 74 unilateralism and 59, 66–71, 80 Eurostar 133 externalities 104, 170, 180, 196 Extinction Rebellion 6 farmers 14, 26, 35, 36, 43, 71, 76, 86, 95, 102, 109, 110, 146–7, 164, 165, 166, 169, 170, 174, 175, 196, 197, 198 fertiliser 4, 6, 7, 26, 29, 35, 61, 73, 86, 87, 116, 117, 119, 163, 165, 169, 174, 175, 178, 179, 191, 194, 197 fibre/broadband networks 6, 11, 90, 92, 125, 126, 127–8, 130–1, 132–3, 135, 140–1, 201, 202, 205, 211, 214, 231, 232 financial crisis (2007/8) 1, 19, 69 first-mover advantage 75 First Utility 199 flooding 13, 77, 149, 152, 153, 159, 170, 233 food miles 167 food security 170–1 food waste 178, 180, 231 Forestry Commission xiv Formula One 186, 196 fossil fuels, golden age of 20–5 see also individual fossil fuel France 46, 47, 52, 56, 73, 78, 101, 113, 130, 136, 138 free-rider problem 39–40, 43, 62–4, 106, 119 fuel duty 121, 195–6 fuel efficiency 197 fuel prices 26, 112–13, 209 fuel use declaration 195 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011) 52, 78 Fukuyama, Francis: The End of History and the Last Man 40–1 gardens 6, 43, 143, 156 gas, natural ix, 2, 5, 8, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 31, 32, 36, 50, 52, 68, 69, 79, 102, 109, 117, 119, 129, 136, 137, 146, 147–8, 149, 183, 190, 193, 194, 207–9, 210, 211, 214, 216–17 G8 47 gene editing 172, 176, 231 general election (2019) 121 genetics 98, 172, 174–6, 231 geoengineering 177 geothermal power 137, 178 Germany 9, 30, 47, 52, 59, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77–80, 83, 91, 101, 112, 136, 137, 138, 144, 206, 208, 209 Energiewende (planned transition to a low-carbon, nuclear-free economy) 59, 69, 77–80, 112, 144, 208 Gilets Jaunes 101, 113 GMOs (genetically modified organisms) 176, 177 Great Northern Forest, Britain 151 Green and Prosperous Land (Helm) xiii, xiv, 165, 169, 234 greenbelt 173 greenhouse effect 17 green new deal 90, 102, 234 green parties/green votes 69, 77, 78 green QE (quantitative easing) 102–3 green walls 153, 231 greenwash 156 gross domestic product (GDP) xii, xv, 1, 25, 27, 29, 41, 57, 59, 73, 76, 83, 93, 98, 103, 133, 165, 207, 227, 229, 233 growth nodes 133 G7 47 G20 47 Haber-Bosch process 35, 163 Hamilton, Lewis 186 ‘hands-free’ fields 175 Harry, Prince 6 Heathrow 133, 134 hedgerow 76, 166, 167, 172 Helm Review (‘The Cost of Energy Review’) (2017) ix, 120, 141, 200, 210, 212, 215, 217, 220, 238 herbicide 163 home insulation 102 House of Lords 170 housing 101, 223–4 HS2 92, 125, 132–4, 138, 202 Hume, David 49 hydrogen 13, 49, 92, 125, 128, 135, 137, 183, 184, 190–2, 199, 200, 204, 206, 213, 228 hydro power 31, 35, 36, 50, 52–3, 70, 136, 137, 191 Iceland 137, 178 imports x–xi, xiii, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 62, 68, 70, 117–18, 155, 167, 178, 173, 180, 196, 227 income effect 72, 111 income tax 121, 122, 232 India xiv, xv, 25, 30, 31, 38, 43, 44, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 57, 154, 229 individuals, net zero for 155–7 Indonesia 2, 35 indoor farming 87–8, 177–8, 180, 213 indoor pollutants 223, 232 Industrial Revolution 1, 18, 19, 25, 47, 116, 145 INEOS Grangemouth petrochemical plant xi information and communications technology (ICT) 117, 202, 231 infrastructures, low-carbon xiii, xiv, 11–12, 14, 28, 60, 62, 65, 66, 90, 91–4, 96, 105, 109, 123, 125–42, 143, 147, 151, 154, 159, 171, 184, 186, 187, 190, 199–200, 214, 218–20, 228, 230, 231–2, 234–5 centrality of infrastructure networks 128–30 electric 125–41, 218–20 making it happen 141–2 net zero national infrastructure plan 130–6 private markets and 125–8, 141–2 regional and global infrastructure plan 136–7 state intervention and 126, 127–8, 141–2 system operators and implementing the plans 138–41 inheritance tax 76, 165 insects 164, 177, 231 insulation 102, 224 Integrated Assessment Models 114 intellectual property (IP) 75 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 17–18, 47, 55, 57, 108, 172 internal combustion engine 13, 22, 181–2, 183, 184, 200, 221, 228 Internal Energy Market (IEM) 68, 71, 138 International Energy Agency (IEA) 25, 207 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 51 internet banking 131, 213 internet-of-things 128, 175 Iran 27, 42, 113, 137 Iraq 56, 192 Ireland 43, 157 Italy 137, 182 Japan 27, 28, 30, 52, 73, 78, 101, 185 Jevons Paradox 224 Johnson, Boris 89–90 Kant, Immanuel 104 Keynes, John Maynard 89, 102, 103, 105 Kyoto Protocol (1997) xii, 2, 7, 9, 13, 17–18, 37, 38, 39, 40–1, 47–8, 49, 51, 52–3, 59, 66–7, 119 laissez-faire 104, 138, 188 land use 35, 61, 95, 172, 237 LED (light-emitting diode) lighting 87, 178, 179, 180, 213 liquefied natural gas (LNG) 136, 183 lithium-ion battery 185 lobbying 10, 14, 33, 69, 71, 109, 110, 111–12, 115, 121, 157, 169, 170, 187, 197, 209, 223, 227, 228 location-specific taxes 194 maize 35, 165, 197 Malaysia 2, 229 Malthus, Thomas 98 Mao, Chairman 27, 42 meat xi, 65, 164, 177, 180, 232 Mekong River 2, 28, 179, 229 Mercosur Agreement 44, 95 Merkel, Angela 78 methane 4, 23, 84, 177, 178, 179, 216 microplastics 22 miracle solution 49–50, 55, 209 mobile phone 5, 125, 185 National Farmers’ Union (NFU) 110, 164, 165, 169, 170, 171 National Grid 139, 141, 189, 200, 211, 214, 219 nationalisations 101–2, 126–7 nationalism 41, 43, 55, 56, 138 nationally determined contributions (NDCs) 54–5 natural capital xiii, 14, 33–6, 51, 85, 86, 88, 90, 94, 97, 154, 158, 168, 171, 173–4, 236 Nature Fund 123, 169, 234 net environmental gain principle xiii, xiv, 10, 12, 62, 84, 94–6, 105, 143–59, 169, 172–4, 192, 201–3, 222–5 agriculture and 169, 172–4 carbon offsetting and see carbon offsetting electricity and 222–5 principle of 94–6, 143–4 sequestration and see sequestration transport and 192, 201–3 Netherlands 138 Network Rail 214 net zero agriculture and see agriculture defined x–xv, 3–14 economy 10–12, 81–159 see also economy, net zero electricity and see electricity transport and see individual method of transport 2025 or 2030 target 89 2050 target x, xi, 5, 59, 66, 74, 75, 115, 120, 135, 143, 155, 167, 169, 180, 184, 216, 217, 222, 226, 230, 231, 232 unilateralism and see unilateralism NHS 65 non-excludable 91, 93, 126, 170 non-rivalry 91, 93, 126, 170 North Korea 42 North Sea oil/gas 9, 40, 75, 97, 102, 137, 139, 147, 148, 193 Norway 130, 137, 191 nuclear power 5, 9, 12, 18, 23, 52, 60, 73, 77–9, 109, 125, 128, 129, 136, 140, 178, 194, 199, 206, 207, 208, 209–10, 212, 214, 216, 218, 219, 222, 228 Obama, Barack 48, 53, 54, 59 oceans 2, 14, 22, 33, 85, 86, 88, 148, 163, 231 offsetting see carbon offsetting offshore wind power 31, 69, 75–6, 208, 212, 219, 221 Ofgem 220 oil ix, 2, 20, 22–3, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 36, 39, 40, 50, 67, 69, 86, 97, 117, 119, 129, 136, 137, 146, 147, 148–9, 150–1, 152, 181–3, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190, 192–4, 196, 197, 199, 206, 209, 210, 216–17, 229 OPEC 39, 40, 193 Orbán, Viktor 41, 42 organic food 61, 87, 178 Ørsted 70 palm oil 2, 5, 6, 35, 36, 66, 71, 167, 173, 197–8, 230 pandemic see Covid-19 Paris Climate Change Agreement (2015) xii, 2, 10, 13, 18, 30, 37, 38, 39, 48, 49, 54–5, 56, 57, 58, 66, 80, 105, 106, 118, 119, 227 peat bogs xiv, 2, 13, 14, 33, 35, 36, 43, 109, 146, 169, 179 pesticides 4, 26, 61, 163, 165, 169, 174, 178, 231 petrochemicals xi, 7, 8, 20, 22–3, 29, 73, 80, 86, 117, 166, 182 petrol 4, 86, 119, 121, 129, 185, 186, 187, 191, 192, 199 photosynthesis 34, 197 plastics 1, 22, 28, 35, 43, 66, 86, 87, 119, 143, 166, 184, 231 polluter-pays principle xiii, xv, 84–90 agriculture and 76, 168–70, 172, 173 carbon price and see carbon price/tax generalised across all sources of pollution 86 identifying polluters that should pay 86 importance of 10–11, 13, 61, 62, 65 intergenerational balance and 96–7 net environmental gain and 94 sequestration and see sequestration, carbon sustainable economy and 96–7, 105, 106 transport and 192–5, 198–9 see also individual type of pollution population growth 93, 97, 177, 178, 179, 232 privatisation 127, 140, 218–19, 220 property developers 94 public goods, provision of xiii, 10, 11–12, 62, 75, 84, 90–4, 96, 104, 105, 109, 122, 123, 126, 128, 141, 147, 151, 153, 159, 164, 168, 173–4, 180, 192, 199–200, 202, 218, 229, 230 agricultural 170–4, 180 low-carbon infrastructures see infrastructures, low-carbon research and development (R&D) see research and development (R&D) Putin, Vladimir 27, 41, 42, 89 railways 11, 13, 13, 87, 91, 92, 94, 125, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132–3, 138, 139, 156, 182, 183, 187, 202, 212, 214, 232 rainforest 2, 5, 34, 35, 36, 38, 44, 47, 55, 87, 95, 145, 149, 155, 173, 179–80, 197, 229 rationalism 40–1 Reagan, Ronald 103 red diesel 76, 109, 164, 165, 196 regulated asset base (RAB) 127, 141, 215, 220 remote working 128, 156, 201–2, 205 renewables ix, 6, 8, 9–10, 18, 19, 21, 26, 31–5, 36, 49, 50, 55, 61, 67, 72, 77, 79, 85, 86, 109, 110, 112, 123, 125, 128, 131, 135, 138, 140, 144, 149, 178, 188, 191, 194, 197, 199, 207, 209–10, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220–2, 224, 228 Chinese domination of market 9, 32, 73, 74, 77, 79 cost-competitiveness of 9–10, 49, 51, 61, 68 failure of, 1990-now 19, 31–3, 36 modern global renewable energy consumption measured in TWh per year 32 miracle solution and 49–51 Renewable Energy Directive 68–71, 73, 109 subsidies ix, 9, 10, 50, 68–9, 71, 79, 80 see also individual renewable energy source Renewables UK 110 research and development (R&D) xiv, 12, 13, 14, 62, 65, 66, 90, 93–4, 104, 109, 123, 165, 172, 192, 200, 218, 220–2, 223, 228, 234 reshoring businesses 8, 204 rivers 2, 22, 28, 86, 128, 152, 165, 169, 179, 214, 230 roads 11, 28, 45, 91, 92, 125, 129, 131–2, 140, 165, 182, 189, 194, 198, 202, 232 robotics 32, 175, 204, 206, 231 Rosneft 26 Royal Navy 183 Russia 26, 27, 30, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56, 192, 193 RWE 139, 218 Ryanair 156–7 rye grass 35 salmon 169, 177 Saudi Arabia 26, 33, 40, 42, 50, 137, 192, 193 Saudi Aramco 26, 50 seashells 34 sequestration, carbon xi, xiv, 12, 61, 66, 85, 90, 95, 143–59, 228, 229, 231, 232 agriculture and 12, 163, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176–7, 179, 180 baseline definition and 146–7 biofuels and 35, 146, 217 carbon capture and storage (CCS) xiv, 12, 75–6, 95, 109, 146, 147–8, 149, 154, 159, 203–4, 207, 209, 222, 223 companies, net zero for 148–51 countries, offsetting for 151–5 electricity and 222, 223 gas and 207 individuals, net zero for xi, xiv, 155–7 markets, offsetting 157–9 natural capital destruction and 2, 19, 33–6, 44, 45, 51 natural sequestration xi, xiii, 2, 7, 12, 14, 33–6, 37, 45, 52, 66, 85, 90, 94–6, 105, 143–59, 163, 168, 171, 173, 176–7, 179, 180, 203, 206, 207, 222, 223 net gain principle and 143–4, 146, 149–50 offsetting principle and 143–5 peat bogs and see peat bogs principle of xi, xiii, 2, 7, 12–13 soils and see soils transport and 185, 190, 203 tree planting and see trees, planting/sequestration and types of 145–8 wetlands/coastal marshes and 146, 159, 233 shale gas 8, 208 Shell 27, 149, 199 shipping 8, 13, 22, 28, 36, 49, 114, 125, 137, 181, 182–3, 191, 194–5, 203–5, 217 Siberia 2, 46 smart appliances 128, 129, 132 smart charging 11, 13, 128, 129, 130, 139, 214, 219 soils xiii, 2, 5, 7, 12, 14, 33, 35, 36, 43, 55, 76, 109, 146, 149, 152, 156, 159, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 175, 179, 203, 228 solar panels/solar photovoltaics (PV) 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 21, 31, 32, 33, 49, 53, 68, 69, 71, 74, 79, 87, 91, 135, 136, 137, 178, 179, 188, 204, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224–5 Sony 185 Soviet Union 18, 40, 52, 67–8, 89 soya 95 Spain 69, 130, 137 sport utility vehicles (SUVs) 106, 121, 192 spruce xiv, 152, 170 standard of living xv, 1, 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 229, 233 staycations 201 steel x–xi, 6, 7, 8, 26, 28, 29, 53, 66, 73, 80, 87, 116, 117, 118, 119, 171, 184, 194–5 Stern, Nicholas: The Economics of Climate Change 41, 63 subsidies ix, 9, 10, 14, 32, 50, 51, 52, 53, 69, 71, 76, 79, 80, 89, 102, 109, 110, 113, 116, 123, 140, 154, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 172, 180, 193, 196, 198, 209, 215, 221, 222, 228, 230 sugar cane 35, 71, 95, 197, 198 sulphur pollution 22, 25, 28, 78, 191, 194, 197, 230 sustainable economic growth xv, 10, 12, 14, 61, 83, 92, 94, 97, 98, 105, 227, 233 Taiwan 42 taxation xii, 11, 62, 71, 72, 76, 80, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 101, 102, 103, 106–24, 126, 127, 130, 133, 147, 150, 151–2, 153–4, 157, 159, 165, 169, 170, 192–6, 197, 198, 199, 203, 232, 234 technological change 98, 127, 141, 174–5, 221 Thatcher, Margaret 17 Thompson, Emma 6 3D printing 175, 204 Thunberg, Greta 6, 205 tidal shocks 159 top-down treaty frameworks 13, 38–57, 80, 110, 119 tourism/holidays 6, 22, 36, 88, 94, 107, 114, 128, 156, 201, 204–5 transport, reinventing 181–205 aviation 195, 201, 203–5 see also air transport batteries and charging networks 185–90 biofuels 196–8 electric alternative 183–5 hydrogen and fuel cells 190–2 innovation, R&D and new infrastructures 199–200 internal combustion engine 181–2 net gain and offsets (reducing travel versus buying out your pollution) 201–3 oil 183–4 polluter pays/carbon tax 192–6 shipping 203–5 urban regulation and planning 198–9 vehicle standards 196–8 see also individual type of transport Treasury, UK 120–2 trees, planting/sequestration and xi, xiii, xiv, 2, 7, 13, 14, 33, 34, 45, 76, 85, 94–6, 146, 148, 149–51, 152–3, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 168, 169, 172, 179, 203, 231 trophy project syndrome 133 Trump, Donald 2, 8, 41, 42, 48, 89, 99, 103, 121 25 Year Environment Plan xiii, 153, 170, 179–80 UK 47, 69 agriculture and 164, 166, 167, 173 carbon emissions (2015) 30 carbon price and 115, 120 Climate Change Act (2008) 66, 74–7 coal, phasing out of 24–5, 60–1, 77, 208 Committee on Climate Change (CCC) x–xi, 7, 74–6, 120, 164, 166, 169, 217, 235 deindustrialisation and 72–4 80 per cent carbon reduction target by 2050 74 electricity and 206, 208, 218, 219, 224 Helm Review (‘The Cost of Energy Review’) (2017) ix, 120, 141, 200, 210, 212, 215, 217, 220, 238 infrastructure 125, 132–3, 134, 137, 139–40 net zero passed into law (2019) 66 sequestration and 145, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156 transport and 195–6, 197, 198 unilateralism and 58–9, 60–1, 65, 66, 69, 72–7, 80 unilateralism xi, 8, 10, 11, 25, 58–80, 83, 105, 106, 119, 125, 143, 144, 155, 164, 167, 197, 203, 227 in Europe 66–80 incentive problem and 58–60 morality and 62–6 no regrets exemplars and/showcase examples of how decarbonisation can be achieved 60–2 place for 80 way forward and 80, 83 United Nations xi, xii, 6, 10, 17, 37, 38, 118 carbon cartel, ambition to create a 39–40, 43, 45, 46–7, 56 climate treaty processes xi, 6, 10, 13, 17–18, 36, 37, 38–57, 59, 80, 110, 118, 119, 204–5 see also individual treaty name Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 17–18, 36, 38, 59 miracle solution and 50–1 origins and philosophy of 41 Security Council 46, 47, 57 United States 8, 74, 139, 206 agriculture in 175, 176, 197 carbon emissions 8, 29, 30 China and 27–8, 42, 118 coal and 2, 24, 28, 29, 208 economic imperialism 45 energy independence 50 gas and 8, 20, 23, 24, 29, 50, 208 oil production 40, 50, 193 pollution since 1990 29 unilateralism and 58, 59, 74 UN climate treaty process and 38, 40–1, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 56 universal service obligations (USOs) 92, 126, 131, 202 utilitarianism 41, 63–4, 108, 110 VAT 117, 119–20, 121, 122, 232 Vesta 69 Volkswagen 196–7 water companies 76, 214, 230 water pollution/quality xiv, 12, 22, 61, 76, 152, 153, 165, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 232 Wen Jiabao 53, 59 wetlands 159, 233 wildflower meadow 164, 184 wind power 5, 9, 12, 21, 31, 32, 33, 49, 53, 68, 69–70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 91, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 178, 188, 191, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214–15, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222 wood pellets 67, 217, 230 Woodland Trust 156, 158 World Bank 51 World Trade Organization (WTO) 52, 56, 118 World War I 183 World War II (1939–45) 78, 90, 92, 101, 106, 171 Xi Jinping 27, 41, 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS So much is now discussed, written and published about climate change that it is impossible to keep track of all the ideas and conversations that have influenced my understanding of the subject.

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The rich countries (and their electorates) don’t want to pay up; and there is no credible way to make sure the money is spent on decarbonisation. Indeed, the incentives are even more perverse: Brazil could add to the extortion game by threatening to increase the damage unless the rich countries pay up. As we shall also see, this problem besets the carbon-offsetting opportunities: Brazil could get companies to pay to stop them cutting down more trees, rather than planting additional trees for natural sequestration. When it comes to the great powers, paying up to poorer countries is in addition to the cost of doing the decarbonisation to hit the 2°C target.

Living in a Material World: The Commodity Connection
by Kevin Morrison
Published 15 Jul 2008

This means that farmers are destroying a $10 000 to $20 000 asset to create one worth $200. The exact income derived from forestry carbon offsets versus farming or logging depends on land use and location. The Stern Review 150 | LIVING IN A MATERIAL WORLD estimated that the income ranges from $2 per hectare for pastoral use to more than $1000 for soya and palm oil plantations, with one-off returns of $236 to $1035 for selling hardwood – far less than the potential income from forestry carbon offsets. The price of forest carbon needs to be well above the alternative income from agriculture or the timber industry to preserve forests and slow down the rate of deforestation, which in turn would have a knock-on effect for food prices.

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A mandatory US carbon market together with the emergence of other carbon markets around the world, including New Zealand in 2008, Australia in 2010 and possibly Canada and China in the foreseeable future,36, 37 has led to predictions that carbon could become the biggest commodity market of all. Voluntary Schemes As mentioned, there are now voluntary carbon offset schemes, where conscientious consumers buy carbon credits. Funds are then invested in forestry schemes, which mean planting more trees or looking after existing ones. But voluntary schemes are not regulated and they can be opaque. Consumers who want a carbon neutral lifestyle can install solar panels, put a wind turbine on the roof, sell the car and wear more clothes around the house in winter – or they can purchase carbon credits via carbon brokers such as The CarbonNeutral Company, Climate Care and co2balance.com to offset their carbon footprint.

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When man forgets that he is a faithful servant of this Earth, it becomes a desert that threatens the survival of all creation,” Cardinal Paul Poupard said at the time of the Vatican’s announcement. It still remains to be seen whether all of these schemes will survive as they are not independently audited and it is difficult to verify how much money from selling carbon offset credits actually goes to the designated project. They might be more effective as a way for people to buy a clean green conscience than a sustainable way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. With any new market there is an initial proliferation of competitors before rationalization creeps in. Even the most well-intended schemes have not had uniform success.

Doing Good Better: How Effective Altruism Can Help You Make a Difference
by William MacAskill
Published 27 Jul 2015

This is significant, but to most people it’s considerably less than it would cost to make large changes in lifestyle, such as not flying. This suggests that the easiest and most effective way to cut down your carbon footprint is simply to donate to Cool Earth. People sometimes make other objections to carbon offsetting, but they’re not very compelling. For example, in the article I quoted earlier, George Monbiot claimed that carbon offsetting is a way of “selling indulgences,” in reference to the medieval practice in which Christians would pay the Church in exchange for forgiveness for their sins. On a similar theme, a satirical website, CheatNeutral.com, offers the following service: “When you cheat on your partner you add to the heartbreak, pain, and jealousy in the atmosphere.

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In buying indulgences, you don’t “undo” the harm you’ve caused others or the sins you’ve done. In contrast, through effective carbon offsetting, you’re preventing anyone from being harmed by your emissions in the first place: if you emit carbon dioxide throughout your life but effectively offset it at the same time, overall your life contributes nothing to climate change. Similarly, “offsetting” your adultery (even if you genuinely could) would still affect who is harmed, even if it keeps the total number of adulterous acts constant. In contrast, carbon offsetting prevents anyone from ever being harmed by your emissions; it’s the “equivalent” of never committing adultery in the first place

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The most effective ways to cut down your emissions are to reduce your intake of meat (especially beef, which can cut out about a metric ton of CO2eq per year), to reduce the amount you travel (driving half as much would cut out two metric tons of CO2eq per year and one fewer round-trip flight from London to New York would eliminate a metric ton of CO2eq), and to use less electricity and gas in the home (especially by installing loft insulation, which would save a metric ton of CO2eq for a detached house). However, there is an even more effective way to reduce your emissions. It’s called offsetting: rather than reducing your own greenhouse gas emissions, you pay for projects that reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere. Environmentalists often criticize carbon offsetting. Here’s the British journalist George Monbiot: While the carbon we release by flying or driving is certain and verifiable, the carbon absorbed by offset projects is less attestable. Many will succeed, and continue to function over the necessary period. Others will fail, especially the disastrous forays into tree planting that some companies have made.

Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together
by Thomas W. Malone
Published 14 May 2018

But when Mark translated the discussion into an argument map in his system, he found that all the discussion content could be summarized in the following eight lines. IS CARBON-EMISSION OFFSETTING A GOOD IDEA? Yes Carbon offsets do reduce greenhouse-gas emissions It is getting easier to find good carbon offsets Many major meetings are using them No Can have unexpected consequences It fosters complacency It’s too easy to cheat The diagram shows one issue (whether carbon offsets are good) and two different positions about this issue (“yes” and “no”). Even though it’s not shown here, another position might be “We don’t know yet.” Each of the positions shown has several arguments supporting it.

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If necessary, you may need to break down what you want to say into several separate items to make it fit the structure. For instance, suppose you just read a report saying that, on average, only about 30 percent of the cost of carbon offsets is actually spent on reducing carbon emissions, and the rest goes to investors, auditors, and others. To add this point to the discussion shown above, you might create a new argument below the statement “Carbon offsets do reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.” Your new item would be an argument against that point (indicated by a thumbs-down icon), and it might say something like “Reductions are only 30 percent of costs” (see bold line below).

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Your new item would be an argument against that point (indicated by a thumbs-down icon), and it might say something like “Reductions are only 30 percent of costs” (see bold line below). In the more detailed window that comes up if someone clicks on your new item, you might include a link to the report you read. IS CARBON-EMISSION OFFSETTING A GOOD IDEA? Yes Carbon offsets do reduce greenhouse-gas emissions Reductions are only 30 percent of costs It is getting easier to find good carbon offsets Many major meetings are using them No Can have unexpected consequences It fosters complacency It’s too easy to cheat To be sure your new item is appropriately classified and formatted, a human moderator would usually need to approve the item before it becomes visible to other users.

Power Hungry: The Myths of "Green" Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future
by Robert Bryce
Published 26 Apr 2011

See Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/IN.html. 24 Jerome Taylor, “Ethical Travel Company Drops Carbon Offsetting,” The Independent , November 7, 2009, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/ethical-travel-company-drops-carbon-offsetting-18165 54. html. 25 Louise Story, “FTC Asks If Carbon-Offset Money Is Well Spent,” New York Times, January 9, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/09/business/09offsets.html; Christopher Joyce, “Carbon Offsets: Government Warns of Fraud Risk,” National Public Radio, January 3, 2008, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?

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See Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/IN.html. 24 Jerome Taylor, “Ethical Travel Company Drops Carbon Offsetting,” The Independent , November 7, 2009, http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/ethical-travel-company-drops-carbon-offsetting-18165 54. html. 25 Louise Story, “FTC Asks If Carbon-Offset Money Is Well Spent,” New York Times, January 9, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/09/business/09offsets.html; Christopher Joyce, “Carbon Offsets: Government Warns of Fraud Risk,” National Public Radio, January 3, 2008, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17814838. 26 Taylor, “Ethical Travel Company.” 27 See Ecorazzi website, http://www.ecorazzi.com/2007/02/16/live-earth-to-be-carbon-neutral-model-of-sustainable-entertainment/. 28 Jerd Smith, “Bet Made on Carbon Offsets,” Rocky Mountain News, July 26, 2008, http://www.rockymountainnews.com/news/2008/jul/26/bet-made-on-carbon-offsets/. 29 Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Vatican Seeks to Be Carbon Neutral,” New York Times, September 3, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/03/business/worldbusiness/03iht-carbon.4.7366547.html. 30 For specs on the Toyota Sequoia, see Cargurus.com, http://www.cargurus.com/Cars/Overview-c21323-2009-Sequoia.html. 31 Revenue data from Yahoo!

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The promoters of these indulgences promise buyers that their money will go to “green” projects, such as a system that captures methane gas from a Chinese landfill, or perhaps the construction of a dam in India.24 But by 2008, the market for carbon indulgences had grown to some $54 million per year, and the Federal Trade Commission was advising consumers to be wary of the potential for fraud when buying them.25 And in late 2009, a British travel company, Responsibletravel. com, announced that it had quit offering carbon offsets because, in the words of the company’s founder, they had become the equivalent of a “medieval pardon” that allowed buyers “to continue polluting.”26 Along with carbon credits, Americans have been barraged with claims about the desirability of being “carbon neutral.” In 2007, Al Gore’s followers held Live Earth, a global series of concerts that claimed it was “carbon neutral” because, among other things, it had purchased carbon credits to offset the air travel done by concert organizers and performers. 27 At the 2008 Democratic National Convention, the Democratic National Committee created a “green delegate challenge” that asked each of the 5,000 delegates who were going to the convention in Denver to pay $7.50 for a “carbon offset.”

To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism
by Evgeny Morozov
Published 15 Nov 2013

To understand Haque’s creative intervention, it’s helpful to know something about strategies to fight climate change. Many such contemporary efforts revolve around the idea of carbon offsets, whereby nations or corporations are allocated a certain number of allowances, which determine how much carbon they can emit into the atmosphere. Once such allowances are exceeded, additional allowances must be purchased, with the proceeds usually going to create and bolster so-called carbon sinks, carbon-sequestering natural or artificial reservoirs that absorb carbon. The logic of carbon offsetting—and the idea that sustainability can be bought through market relations—has now trickled down from nations and corporations to individuals.

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Just like the transformational products that sought to start a dialogue instead of providing a straightforward solution, the Natural Fuse, according to DiSalvo, “instead of using design as a means of providing a solution . . . uses design to prob-lematize the situation.” The Natural Fuse makes the problem of carbon offsetting more visible—but the visibility it affords is very different from that provided by numerous carbon-offset calculators available online. It provides a second-order, superior visibility: not only do we know how much carbon we need to sink to offset the electricity we use, but we actually know how much sacrifice—by us and by other people—is needed to sink that carbon.

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Most of us don’t know—and probably would rather not know, as long we can make up for our own indulgences by shopping in carbon-friendly online stores (which are probably powered by servers that eat up far more carbon than what we save by shopping for “sustainable products”). The Natural Fuse aims to go beyond the reductionism of numbers and give citizens a better understanding of the logic and the ethics of carbon offsets. In other words, it seeks to promote narrative imagination and make us think of carbon in terms of structures, relations, and systems—and not just numbers. Here is how it works: Imagine a suite of household plants hooked up to sensors, connected to a computer network, and plugged into a home electric outlet, thus functioning as a gateway to all electricity from that outlet.

More From Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources – and What Happens Next
by Andrew McAfee
Published 30 Sep 2019

We’ve seen them do important work both to help the horsemen ride faster and to provide substitutes for them. Carbon offsets are an ingenious substitute for carbon taxes and other steps that governments should be taking against greenhouse gas pollution. When a business or person buys one of these offsets, they are buying a set amount (usually a metric ton) of greenhouse gas reduction somewhere in the world. This reduction can occur in many ways: trees get planted that absorb carbon, people are supplied with cookstoves that are more energy efficient than wood fires, and so on. What all projects that are supported by carbon offsets have in common is that they cause less carbon to enter the atmosphere than would have happened without the project.

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I hope we’ll see more efforts from leaders in the private sector to help talent, no matter where it is, find opportunities. The most worrying longer-term problem that we face is clearly global warming. Companies are obviously huge contributors to this problem. Are they also contributing meaningfully to solutions? In some sectors, they are. The software company Salesforce is buying enough carbon offsets to make up for all the CO2 produced by its data centers around the world. Because of this, all of Salesforce’s cloud computing customers can now say that their interactions with the company are carbon neutral. Salesforce has also announced its intentions to move away entirely from fossil fuel energy sources by 2022.

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What all projects that are supported by carbon offsets have in common is that they cause less carbon to enter the atmosphere than would have happened without the project. Since greenhouse gases are global pollutants, carbon offsets benefit the whole planet. Nonprofits such as Cool Effects and Carbonfund.org certify that the carbon-reducing projects receiving their money are actually causing reductions that wouldn’t happen otherwise, a property called additionality (even though the trees in my backyard absorb carbon, Cool Effects won’t pay me for them because I’m not bringing about any additional reductions beyond what nature is already accomplishing). As we saw in chapter 11, governments have protected animals by setting up parks in which hunting is illegal.

The Climate Book: The Facts and the Solutions
by Greta Thunberg
Published 14 Feb 2023

In this way, the market will be led by public policy and intent, and not left susceptible to new scams in the name of carbon offsets. Similarly, there is an opportunity to use the ecological wealth of poor communities for mitigation, as trees and natural ecosystems sequester carbon dioxide. Their forests and other natural resources should not be viewed as sinks for carbon sequestration but as opportunities to improve the livelihoods and economic well-being of the poor. The rules for carbon offsets for forests must be developed with this in mind – deliberately and with statecraft. The fact is that we have lost precious time in finding ‘smart’ ways to do as little as possible to reduce greenhouse emissions, and it is time to take decisive and bold steps.

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Such a system must, however, be developed with a just and equitable perspective, where Indigenous rights and knowledge are at the forefront. / Abandon phrases like ‘carbon offsetting’ and ‘climate compensation’ The idea that in the foreseeable future we will be able to compensate for present or even future emissions is very misleading. None of the above – afforestation or rewilding and restoring nature – should be mistaken for carbon offsetting, which leads people to believe that we can compensate for emissions yet to be made. We have decades of past emissions to compensate for, and with our current capacity – as well as our current emission levels – we can barely scratch the surface of our historical pollution. / Divest from fossil fuels Banks, private investors, equity funds, pension funds, governments, and so on, must admit responsibility and completely halt all investments in fossil fuels, including their exploration and extraction. / End all fossil fuel subsidies Annually, we are spending $5.9 trillion to fund the destruction of our life-supporting systems.

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Figure 1: Less than one third of Sweden’s total emissions are included in its climate targets; numbers from 2018 And there were still more loopholes. The word ‘net’ in ‘net zero by 2045’ allowed for up to 10 million tonnes of greenhouse gases to be emitted each year after 2045. The government would ‘compensate for’ these carbon emissions primarily by making widely criticized climate investments abroad – the practice known as carbon offsetting – or by using technical ‘solutions’ like BECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage) that were not even close to being developed at scale, and which were associated with other problems, including biodiversity loss. Since most colleagues and readers were uninterested in the climate, as I had been just a few years earlier, the article’s publication in the summer went by quite unnoticed.

This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate
by Naomi Klein
Published 15 Sep 2014

“They don’t want human beings in the forest,” one farmer told the investigative journalist Mark Schapiro. And in a carbon-offset tree-planting project in Uganda’s Mount Elgon National Park and Kibale National Park, run by a Dutch organization, villagers described a similar pattern of being fired upon and having their crops uprooted.70 In the wake of such reports, some of the green groups involved in offsetting now stress their dedication to Indigenous rights. However, dissatisfaction remains and controversies continue to crop up. For example, in the Bajo Aguán region of Honduras, some owners of palm oil plantations have been able to register a carbon offset project that claims to capture methane.

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If the dire projections coming out of the IPCC are left unchallenged, and business as usual is indeed driving us straight toward civilization-threatening tipping points, then the implications are obvious: the ideological crusade incubated in think tanks like Heartland, Cato, and Heritage will have to come to a screeching halt. Nor have the various attempts to soft-pedal climate action as compatible with market logic (carbon trading, carbon offsets, monetizing nature’s “services”) fooled these true believers one bit. They know very well that ours is a global economy created by, and fully reliant upon, the burning of fossil fuels and that a dependency that foundational cannot be changed with a few gentle market mechanisms. It requires heavy-duty interventions: sweeping bans on polluting activities, deep subsidies for green alternatives, pricey penalties for violations, new taxes, new public works programs, reversals of privatizations—the list of ideological outrages goes on and on.

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Once absorbed into this system, a pristine forest may look as lush and alive as ever, but it has actually become an extension of a dirty power plant on the other side of the planet, attached by invisible financial transactions. Polluting smoke may not be billowing from the tops of its trees but it may as well be, since the trees that have been designated as carbon offsets are now allowing that pollution to take place elsewhere.73 The mantra of the early ecologists was “everything is connected”—every tree a part of an intricate web of life. The mantra of the corporate-partnered conservationists, in sharp contrast, may as well be “everything is disconnected,” since they have successfully constructed a new economy in which the tree is not a tree but rather a carbon sink used by people thousands of miles away to appease our consciences and maintain our levels of economic growth.

The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World
by Anu Bradford
Published 14 Sep 2020

Thus, the Brussels Effect can facilitate the EU’s efforts to reach an agreement on international standards that, while modeled after EU rules, will be embedded in treaties and viewed as reflecting an international consensus. The Brussels Effect may also pave the way for multilateral cooperation by changing the underlying bargaining dynamics. For example, the threat of the EU’s unilateralism was an important factor in harnessing international consensus on regulating GHG emissions in aviation through the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA),123 discussed in chapter 7. The participating countries were incentivized to agree on the CORSIA to a large extent because of the prospect that, absent international agreement, the EU was going to regulate the industry unilaterally. This example illustrates how the EU, at times, is able to leverage unilateralism to promote multilateralism.

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The participants signed the “Delhi Declaration,” calling on the EU to reverse its decision.130 China, India, and 21 other countries convened another meeting in Moscow and signed the “Declaration on Inclusion of International Civil Aviation in the EU-ETS,” which “reject[ed] the EU’s move as unilateral, and called on the EU to reverse its decision.”131 Ultimately, EU member states with deep commercial interests at stake given their connection to the Airbus persuaded the EU to change its position. The EU “froze” implementation of the Aviation Directive until the end of 2016, provided the ICAO came to a global agreement by then.132 Against this backdrop, multilateral negotiations were revived. On October 6, 2016, the ICAO announced it had reached an agreement, called the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA).133 CORSIA’s pilot phase will come into effect in 2021, but participation by ICAO states will not be mandatory until 2027. Unlike the ETS, CORSIA includes exceptions for Least Developed Countries, Small Island Developing States, Landlocked Developing Countries, and States with very low levels of international aviation activity.134 In March 2017, the ICAO also adopted “the world’s first global design certification standard governing CO2 emissions for any industry sector.”

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Having some influence over regulatory standards would be better than ceding influence to the EU altogether.170 The regulation of aviation emissions provides an illustrating example. Faced with the EU’s unilateralism in the ETS, the United States was among the countries that supported the conclusion of an international agreement—the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA)171—to address the issue in a multilateral setting, which ultimately gave the United States considerably more say over how its aviation industry is regulated. Given that international regulatory cooperation should typically serve US interests more than any unilateral regulatory measure by the EU, it is surprising that the United States has deliberately turned its back to international trade deals, including the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).172 Existing transatlantic disagreements about regulatory standards were always the greatest stumbling block for the negotiations.173 At the same time, the possibility to overcome those disagreements presented the greatest opportunity for economic gains from the TTIP for both parties.

Sustainable Minimalism: Embrace Zero Waste, Build Sustainability Habits That Last, and Become a Minimalist Without Sacrificing the Planet (Green Housecleaning, Zero Waste Living)
by Stephanie Marie Seferian
Published 19 Jan 2021

Decline speedy shipping by always opting for ground delivery, and fill your shopping cart over the course of an entire week. By batching your items into a single purchase you’ll likely reduce both the packaging waste and the need for multiple delivery trucks to stop at your home. 5. Consider Carbon Offsets After you’ve taken conscious steps to reduce your carbon footprint, purchase carbon offsets to neutralize your environmental impact. Purchasing carbon offsets compensates for your emissions by helping to fund a carbon-reducing project that plants trees, builds wind farms, conserves forests, or invests in other forms of renewable energy. Carbonfund.org lists practical donation guidelines for consumers who wish to offset their impact.

Break Through: Why We Can't Leave Saving the Planet to Environmentalists
by Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus
Published 10 Mar 2009

When Senator John Kerry, for example, was asked in early 2007 what he had done personally for the environment, he answered that he and his wife “shifted to hybrid vehicles—not all of our cars, but I have a hybrid here in Washington, we have a hybrid in Massachusetts, we have a hybrid at our home in Idaho.”44 Recall that the inconvenient truth that Al Gore named his book and movie after was neither that global warming is occurring nor that it is human caused, but rather that it demands sacrifice.45 The day after An Inconvenient Truth won the Academy Award for the best documentary, Gore’s hometown paper, the Tennessean, tipped off by a conservative think tank, revealed that Gore’s home uses more than ten times as much energy as the average home in Nashville, and that his electricity bill is an astonishing $1,200 a month.46 And that doesn’t include the energy consumed, and the emissions produced, by Gore’s other two homes.47 Both Gore and Kerry say they purchase carbon offsets to make up for their emissions. The problem is not that Gore and other prominent, wealthy environmentalists are failing to practice the sacrifice they preach. The problem is that none of us, whether we are wealthy environmental leaders or average Americans, are willing to significantly sacrifice our standard of living. If purchasing carbon offsets and a hybrid vehicle for each of your three homes constitutes meaningful sacrifice, then perhaps we can reconcile the actions of environmentalists like Kerry and Gore with the rhetoric of environmentalism.

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If purchasing carbon offsets and a hybrid vehicle for each of your three homes constitutes meaningful sacrifice, then perhaps we can reconcile the actions of environmentalists like Kerry and Gore with the rhetoric of environmentalism. But there is another problem: no serious energy economist or climate expert believes that individuals buying carbon offsets will play a key role in driving the transition to a clean-energy economy. We may achieve some greenhouse gas emission reductions by lowering our overall consumption, but the largest reductions will come from energy efficiency and shifting to cleaner energy sources—strategies that don’t require drastic changes in the way we live our lives. What’s needed, in short, is not so much less as different consumption.

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Blair’s Davos speech and, 262–63 energy bill, 9 new reality and, 241–43 tax cuts, 301 (n11) C CAFE. See Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) legislation California legislation, 11 Canada, Geoffrey, 78–80 cancer, 295 (n20), 296 (n24) cap-and-trade system, 112–13, 118, 120–22, 258 Cape Cod Times, 104 Cape Wind project, 89–95, 100–101, 103, 299 (n2) carbon offsets, 125–26 Carson, Rachel, 21, 24, 25, 130–35, 132–33, 232 Center for American Progress, 229 Chaloupka, Bill, 144 Chavis, Benjamin, Jr., 67 children Brazilian massacres of, 41–43, 284 (n2) universal health coverage for, 182–83 China, 12, 115–18, 121, 149. See also economic development China Daily, 117–18 Christianity.

The Land Grabbers: The New Fight Over Who Owns the Earth
by Fred Pearce
Published 28 May 2012

In 2009, something went badly wrong in Papua New Guinea, a country already well known for its duplicitous and sometimes corrupt treatment of forest dwellers. An agent for the Australian carbon trading company Carbon Planet named Kirk Roberts had been traveling to forest communities with genuine-looking carbon-offset certificates, purporting to be from REDD. Their authenticity seemed real since they were signed by the head of PNG’s Office of Climate Change, Theo Yasause. Roberts had done deals with forty communities, exchanging the certificates for the rights to sell carbon offsets from their forests. But Adelaide-based Carbon Planet director Dave Sag has since admitted the certificates were worthless “props.” They have no value to the villagers.

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A previous purchase at nearby Puerto Ramos had failed when they were outbid, at the last moment, by Scimitar Oryx, a land company headed by a former senior agriculture official in the Uruguayan government and a young British investor, Stephan Winkler. (The company also has land in Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Vietnam.) Part of the cost of the Cardozo estate is being paid by Swire, a British shipping company that also owns the airline Cathay Pacific, in return for voluntary carbon offsets. Can conservation be reconciled with the demands of indigenous groups? If sensibly managed, it should. After all, the tribes of the Chaco have a long history of protecting their environment. They are the only people who truly know how to live there. Before buying the Cardozo estate, Wilson reached an agreement with the 1,500 or so Ishir fishing people, who live along the west bank of the River Paraguay.

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Unlike the others, he is not content to be a custodian of the land. He thinks it should earn its keep. So in 2007, Adams founded Patagonia Sur, a “for profit” company that now has 60,000 acres in six blocks of southern Chile, from the mountain glaciers to the ocean. He is still buying. The company makes money by planting trees for carbon offsetting, and through real estate schemes. He formed an exclusive club in which would-be visitors put down $40,000 for membership, giving them the right to bring their families to one of his eco-lodges, at a bargain-basement $300 a night per person. These upmarket time-shares are going well with upmarket Chileans.

What We Need to Do Now: A Green Deal to Ensure a Habitable Earth
by Chris Goodall
Published 30 Jan 2020

We therefore need a mixture of additional measures. First, the UK should be at the forefront of efforts to develop synthetic aviation fuels from hydrogen and captured CO2 (perhaps putting pressure on the airlines to make this mandatory by, say, 2030, or to face serious taxation). Second, we need to develop realistic and auditable carbon offsetting measures and to develop genuine offsetting on the Climeworks model (again, the ariline industry could be mandated to do this). Third, we should invest in better long-distance transport to reduce the need for aviation inside the UK (or around Western Europe). SHIPPING — ANOTHER ROLE FOR HYDROGEN International shipping is only beginning to recognise its responsibilities for CO2 and the horrifying amount of other pollutants that large carriers emit.

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How does yours compare? TRANSPORT 9. Fly less (and stay longer). Avoid flights whenever you can. For those flights you have absolutely have to take, contemplate buying an offset from Climeworks (climeworks.com) that turns your emissions into stone in Iceland. If that’s too expensive, find a supplier of carbon offsets that looks as though it will genuinely plant more trees for your payment and maintain them. 10. Use public transport, or cycle or walk. whenever possible. This will be good for you, and for carbon emissions. 11. Drive an electric car (and share it if you can). If you don’t need a car on a daily basis, look at joining an electric car-sharing club, or rent a car when you need one.

Frommer's Denver, Boulder & Colorado Springs
by Eric Peterson
Published 1 Jan 2005

In the U.K., Tourism Concern (www. tourismconcern.org.uk) works to reduce 12/19/08 11:40:12 PM 39 Tips It’s Easy Being Green Here are a few simple ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel: 3 S U S TA I N A B L E TO U R I S M 07_382288-ch03.indd 39 P L A N N I N G YO U R T R I P • Each time you take a flight or drive a car greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through “carbon offsetting”—paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you’ve added. Before buying carbon offset credits, just make sure that you’re using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund (www. carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and Carbon Neutr al (www.carbonneutral.org). • Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again.

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Macky Gallery (Boulder), 143 Angie Star Jewelry (Boulder), 150 14_382288-bindex.indd 236 Anglers All (Denver), 97 Antique Emporium at Manitou Springs, 206 Antique Row (Denver), 103 Antiques, 103, 206 Applejack Wine & Spirits (Denver), 105 Aquatics Center (Colorado Springs), 195 Arapahoe Park (Aurora), 102 Arcade Amusements (Colorado Springs), 202 Argo Gold Mine, Mill, and Museum (Idaho Springs), 119 Armory (Golden), 114 ArtDistrict on Santa Fe (Denver), 103 ArtFair (Boulder), 27–28 Art galleries and fine crafts, 103, 149, 206–207 Art Source International (Boulder), 149 Arvada Center for the Arts & Humanities, 112 Astor House Museum (Golden), 114 A Taste of Colorado (Denver), 28 Australia customs regulations, 24 embassy/consulates, 225 passports, 228 visas, 230 Auto racing, 101, 222, 205–206 Ballooning, 96, 146, 203–204 Bandimere Speedway (Morrison), 101 Banjo Billy’s Bus Tours (Boulder), 142 Barnes & Noble, Colorado Springs, 207 Barnes & Noble (Denver), 104 Barr Lake State Park, 97, 100 Barr Trail, 204 Baseball, 101–102, 206 Basketball, Denver, 102 Bear Lake Road, 156 Beaver Meadows Visitor Center (Rocky Mountain National Park), 156 Bicycle Tour of Colorado (Denver), 95–96 Bierstadt Lake Trail, 162 The Big Blue Bear (Denver), 91 Bijou Bar and Grill (Colorado Springs), 209 Biking and mountain biking Boulder, 125, 146 Colorado Springs, 204, 205 Denver, 95–97 Rocky Mountain National Park, 161–162 Bird, Isabella Lucy, 157 Bird-watching, Rocky Mountain National Park, 164 Black American West Museum & Heritage Center (Denver), 85 Black Sheep (Colorado Springs), 208 BlueBards (Colorado Springs), 210 Bluebird Theater (Denver), 108 Boating, 97, 221 Boettcher Mansion (Golden), 114 Bolder Boulder, 27 Book Sleuth (Colorado Springs), 207 Bookstores, 104, 149–150, 207 Boulder Army Store, 151 Boulder Arts & Crafts Cooperative, 149 Boulder Bach Festival, 26, 153 Boulder Beer Company, 142 Boulder Book Store, 150 Boulder Canyon Pioneer Trail, 138–139 12/19/08 11:43:58 PM Boulder Creek Path, 138, 145 Boulder Creek Stream Observatory, 138 Boulder Creek Winery, 142 Boulder History Museum, 143–144 Bouldering, 146 Boulder Kinetic Fest, 27 Boulder Mountaineering, 151 Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art, 144 Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra, 153–154 Boulder Reservoir, 146, 148 Boulder Theater, 151 Boulder Wine Merchant, 150 Bradford Washburn American Mountaineering Museum (Golden), 114 Breckenridge Brewery (Denver), 110 British Airways, 29–30 Buckskin Joe Frontier Town & Railway (near Cañon City), 214–215 Buffalo Bill Days (Golden), 28 Buffalo Bill Museum & Grave (Golden), 114, 116 Buffalo Bill’s Birthday Celebration (Golden), 26 Bull & Bush Pub & Brewery (Denver), 109, 110 Buntport Theater (Denver), 111 Business hours, 57, 125, 175, 224 Business of Art Center (Colorado Springs), 206 Butterfly Pavilion (Denver), 88 Byers-Evans House (Denver), 84 Caboose Hobbies (Denver), 107 Calendar of events, 26–29 Camera Obscura (Denver), 103 Cameras, 58, 126, 176 Camping Colorado Springs, 183 Denver, 68 Pueblo, 221, 223 Rocky Mountain National Park, 164 Campus Cycles (Denver), 106 Canada embassy/consulates, 225 passports, 228 14_382288-bindex.indd 237 Cañon City, 214–216 Carbon offsetting, 39 Castlewood Canyon State Park, 100 The Catacombs (Boulder), 152 Cave of the Winds (Colorado Springs), 200 Celestial Seasonings (Boulder), 142–143 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 34 Central Park (Boulder), 138 Chapel Hills Mall (Colorado Springs), 207 Charles A. Heartling Sculpture Garden (Boulder), 138 Charlie Brown’s (Denver), 109 Chatfield State Park, 68, 97, 100–101 Chautauqua Auditorium (Boulder), 153 Cheers Liquor Mart (Colorado Springs), 208 Cherry Creek Arts Festival (Denver), 27 Cherry Creek Shopping Center (Denver), 103, 105–106 Cherry Creek State Park, 97, 101 Cheyenne Mountain Zoo (Colorado Springs), 201 Children.

The Willpower Instinct: How Self-Control Works, Why It Matters, and What You Can Doto Get More of It
by Kelly McGonigal
Published 1 Dec 2011

When a halo effect is getting in the way of your willpower challenge, look for a the most concrete measure (e.g., calories, cost, time spent or wasted) of whether a choice is consistent with your goals. THE RISKS OF GOING GREEN How many times have you been asked to save the planet by taking one small action, from changing your lightbulbs to carrying reusable shopping bags? You may even have been asked to purchase something called a “carbon offset”—basically, a financial penance for your energy use and overconsumption. For example, travelers who feel guilty about the environmental impact of flying first class can kick in a little extra money for the airline to plant a tree in South America. All of these actions, on their own, are good for the environment.

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“Do Green Products Make Us Better People?” Psychological Science 21 (2010): 494–98. Page 103—Green licensing in real world: Kotchen, M. J. “Offsetting Green Guilt.” Stanford Social Innovation Review 7 (2009): 26–31. Pages 103–104—When does green licensing happen? Gans, J. S., and V. Groves. “Carbon Offset Provision with Guilt-Ridden Consumers.” Social Science Research Network (2010). www.papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=969494. Chapter 5. The Brain’s Big Lie: Why We Mistake Wanting for Happiness Pages 107–108—The rat that liked shocks: Olds, J. “Pleasure Center in the Brain.”

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(Colorado) Amazon.com American Journal of Psychiatry American Psychological Association anhedonia Ansel, Mark anticipation anticipatory shame “Anti-Social” (program) anxiety Archives of Internal Medicine autonomic nervous system Aztecs Baby Boomers banking crisis (2009) Baruch College (NYC) Baumeister, Roy behavior changes religion and Benson, Herbert binge-drinking study binge-eaters Bloomingdale’s (department store) bounded rationality Bowen, Sarah brain on dopamine early energy needs for self-control evolution of mirror neurons modern pleasure center prefrontal cortex remodeling for willpower reward system self-control system self-monitoring system stress and stress center Breman, Anna bride-to-be gains weight Bush, George W. candy addict conquers sweet tooth CapturedDiscipline (safe) carbon offset Carleton University (Ottawa) Carlson, Kurt Centers for Disease Control (CDC) The Champ (film) Cheesecake Factory Cheng, Ken Chicago chimpanzee–student study chocoholic takes inspiration from Hershey’s Kisses chocolate, and women choice architecture Christakis, Nicholas cigarette package warnings City University of New York civilization collapse classical conditioning Columbia University communities contagion complex of emotion of goals people you like and rule-breaking and simple weight gain and cooperation Cornell University Food and Brand Laboratory Cortés, Hernán cravings Daley, Richard M.

The Undercover Economist: Exposing Why the Rich Are Rich, the Poor Are Poor, and Why You Can Never Buy a Decent Used Car
by Tim Harford
Published 15 Mar 2006

“How did you travel here today?” “I’m sorry?” I’m puzzled. Here I am, going to a panel discussion organized by an environmental charity, and a very earnest young member of staff is grilling me before I even get past the door of the lecture hall. “How did you travel here today? We need to know for our carbon offset program.” “What’s a carbon offset program?” “We want all our meetings to be carbon-neutral. We ask everyone who attends to let us know how far they came and on what mode of transportation, and then we work out how much carbon dioxide was emitted and plant trees to offset the emissions.” The Undercover Economist is about to blow his cover.

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See also traffic lack of investment, 238, 240 poverty, 177–79, 180–82, 251 bacteria, 184 trade barriers, 199–200, 226 Bafut Mafia, 191–92 Canada, 55–56, 120–21, 122 Bailey, Graham, 137, 152–53, 154 capital investments, 237–41 banking, 19–20, 21, 117, 181 capitalism, 250 Bank of England, 66 Capitol Grounds, 7 bargaining, 14, 43–45, 46, 105 carbon dioxide emissions, 99 bars, 52 carbon offset programs, 100–101 baseball stadiums, 64 Caribou Coffee, 7 A Beautiful Mind (film), 157 car sales, 110–13 beer, 203, 228 Castro, Fidel, 226 behaviors, 76, 83, 196 catastrophe insurance, 132–33, 134 Beijing Bicycle (film), 250 cell phones, 163. See also radio Belgium, 120, 201, 213, 228 spectrum rights Bhagwati, Jagdish, 219, 248, 251 Chad, 199 “big push” theory, 182 Chamberlain, Wilt, 75 Binmore, Ken, 163 cheating, 16, 159–65 biology, 184 checkout lines, 139–40, 153 Biya, Paul, 182, 184–88, 259n.

The Elements of Choice: Why the Way We Decide Matters
by Eric J. Johnson
Published 12 Oct 2021

There are two flights at the right time with good seats available, and you get frequent-flyer miles on both. But they differ in one way: one charges a small fee, $5, to help offset the carbon gases that the plane produces. Now think about two ways in which one might label this fee: it could be called a carbon tax or a carbon offset. Even if the revenue from this fee was used identically, say to plant trees, do you think the labels would have the same effect on your choice between flights? David Hardisty, Elke Weber, and I did this study using respondents on the web, but with a twist. We had people type the thoughts they were having while they were making the decision.

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Overall, the term tax, like calling ground beef 25 percent fat, had strong negative associations, especially for Republicans. Democrats’ choices were less affected by the tax label: 62 percent of the Democrats picked the flight that had the tax, but only 26 percent of the Republicans chose that flight. What happens when respondents saw the exact same flights but with the fee labeled a “carbon offset”? Some, but not all, of the objections of the Republicans disappeared. They were more likely to think of a benefit and, when they did, it appeared earlier in their decision. When we looked at what they chose, the differences between Democrats and Republicans disappeared: 64 percent of the Democrats chose the ticket with the fee, as did 58 percent Republicans.4 Turning back to dining choices, there is an increasing trend to list the number of calories in each food item on restaurant menus.

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See malicious choice architecture ballot order, 186–90, 343n banking credit cards, 244 interest rates, 97, 240–44 overdraft protection, 5–6 prepaid cards, 5, 127–28 Bank of America, 244 Bannister, Roger, 246 Bar-Hillel, Maya, 219 Baruch College Campus High School, 165 Becker, Gary, 117 behavioral economics, 3–4, 12–13, 100, 139 Bell, Ruth Greenspan, 247–48 benign defaults, 151 Benjamin Franklin’s pros and cons list, 73–75 Bhargava, Saurabh, 173–75 Bhatt, Baiju, 283 Biden, Joe, 173 blizzard of 2010, 66–67 Böckenholt, Ulf, 179–80, 182 brand-name drugs, 9–11 break-even age, 310 Brennan Center for Justice, 156–57 Brewster, Bill, 290 Brignull, Harry, 16, 18 British House of Commons, 6–8, 106, 331n Brown, Derren, 55–57, 302–5, 307–8, 352n browsing, 50–51 Bruch, Elizabeth E., 50–51 Bruine de Bruin, Wändi, 204–6 Bush, George W., 185–89 Bush, John Ellis “Jeb,” 186 Busse, Meghan, 68–69 butterfly ballots, 185–86 cabs and tipping, 12, 128–29, 323 Camilleri, Adrian, 234–35 Camry Hybrid, 224 candlepower, 255 CAN-Spam Act of 2003, 129 carbon offsets, 236–37 carbon taxes, 236–37, 324 Cardona, Rani, 221–23 Carlson, Kurt, 194–95 Carnegie Mellon University, 3–4, 35, 42, 187 car sales. See auto buying Cars Allowance Rebate System (Cash for Clunkers), 229–30 categorical scales, 255–56 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 88, 317 Charles Schwab Corporation, 282–83, 290 chasing returns, 104–5 Chernev, Alex, 179–80 choice architects (designers) becoming better, 322–25 conversations between choosers and, 84–88 disclosure, 307–8, 320 as mind writers, 57, 58 use of term, 3 choice architecture architecture compared with, 6–8 goals.

Investing to Save the Planet: How Your Money Can Make a Difference
by Alice Ross
Published 19 Nov 2020

This is something you’ll probably be familiar with as someone who cares about climate change in your everyday life. If you’re trying to reduce your carbon footprint, you will have made certain choices that are personal to you. You may be recycling but not going vegan. You might care strongly about animal welfare but not worry about how frequently you fly. Or you might fly but choose to carbon-offset by planting trees. You may worry that you’re being inconsistent, or that you don’t have time to do all the research to make the best choice. I frequently wish that there were simple guidelines laid down: if I want to make sustainable fashion choices, for example, I don’t want to have to do a huge amount of research.

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AB InBev 176 active funds 30, 31, 41, 83, 96, 97, 98, 125 activist investors 69–77, 84–90, 100–101 advertising 77, 79, 80, 151, 202 AGMs (Annual General Meetings) 70–73, 84, 87, 104 agriculture 85, 120, 145–62; alternative food 22, 145–56; farming 22, 156–9; food waste 149, 159–61; greenhouse gas emissions 148–9, 150, 156–8, 159, 160; high-risk investors 162; low-risk investors 161; medium-risk investors 161–2; vegan diet/alternative meat 146, 149–56, 162 air conditioning 18, 38–9, 164, 170–71, 179, 194 alternative investment market (AIM), London 25, 31–2, 142 Amazon (online retailer) 19, 73–4, 157, 197 American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy 165 ammonia, green 142–3 Amundi IS Equity Europe Low Carbon fund 63 Angel Academe 155 angel investing 37–9, 43, 155, 156, 160, 162 An Inconvenient Truth (film) 2 Anterra Capital 157, 160 apartheid, South Africa 3, 48, 51–2 Apple 33, 38–9, 91–2, 127 Applied Materials 167 Arctic, energy exploration in 66, 82 As You Sow 83, 104 asset classes see individual asset class name asset managers 11, 12, 58, 74, 88, 89, 90, 95, 119, 168 aviation 18, 22, 99, 129, 140–42, 167, 194, 199 AXA Investment Managers 77, 88, 95 Balk, Josh 146, 153–4 Ballard Power 138 Bank of America Merrill Lynch 6, 84 Bank of England 193 Barclays Bank 48, 73, 75, 182–3, 200 Barry, Michael 45, 46, 51, 55–6, 59, 60 batteries 15, 22, 113, 115–16, 128, 172; battery infrastructure 128; battery swapping 128, 139; charging 22, 113, 128, 130, 139–40, 203; green hydrogen 138; lithium-ion 115–16, 136, 137; role of 136–8 ‘best in class’ companies 7, 10, 92, 100, 134, 161–2, 176 Beyond Carbon 16 Beyond Meat 7, 15, 35, 36, 135, 150, 152–3, 154, 155, 162 Bezos Earth Fund 19 Biffa 174 billionaires, ‘green’ 14–17, 18, 19, 120, 124, 126 biofuels 22, 113, 140–43 biomass 110, 112 Bioy, Hortense 85, 197–8 Birol, Fatih 112, 202–3 BlackRock 14, 25, 26, 88, 89–90, 97, 199 Blood, David 1–2, 54, 135 Bloomberg 15, 104, 133 Bloomberg, Michael 16, 17, 19 Bloomberg New Energy Finance 136, 139 BMO European Equity (BMO Sustainable Opportunities) 11 BMO Responsible Global Equity fund 91–2 BMW 15, 129, 134, 137, 140, 143, 144 BNP Paribas 134, 161, 180, 181 BNY Mellon 177 Bollag, Benjamina 155–6 bonds 20, 26, 31, 32–4, 41, 44, 65, 66, 67; divestment and 65, 66, 67; green bonds 33, 42, 67, 83, 93–6, 195; transition bonds 67 Bond, Simon 67, 94 BP 4, 5, 9, 53, 76, 83, 99–100, 101, 102, 104, 108, 111, 114, 140, 188; net zero emissions by 2050 commitment 76, 79–80, 116, 186, 199; ‘Possibilities Everywhere’ ad campaign 79 Breakthrough Energy Ventures (BEV) 19, 52, 120, 121–2, 123, 124, 135, 137 Brin, Sergey 18 British American Tobacco (BAT) 54, 54n Brown Advisory Sustainable Growth Fund 197 Bruun, Michael 107, 108, 137 ‘Build Back Better’ slogan x, 201 Burger King 151–2, 153–4 Cambridge University 56–7, 65–7, 74–5; Institute for Sustainability Leadership 56–7 Canada Pension Plan Investment Board 137, 140 Candriam SRI Equity Climate Action fund 95, 165–6, 67 Capital Group 88 capital recycling 66, 67 Carbon Brief 198 carbon dioxide emissions 2, 7, 14, 16, 21, 22, 32, 33, 47, 53, 67, 83, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95, 99, 102, 108–9, 168, 169, 180, 184, 191, 194, 202, 203; agriculture and 148–9, 150, 156–8, 159–60; carbon capture, use and storage (CCUS) 5, 117; carbon-offsets 5, 28, 63, 79, 150, 203; carbon price 187–90; coronavirus lockdown and 71, 109–10, 198, 199; disclosing 98, 103; divestment and 50–52; energy efficiency and 164, 165, 168–9, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178; ‘net zero’ targets 5, 63, 71, 74, 76, 78, 79–80, 116, 126, 169, 176–8, 183, 186, 203; Paris Agreement (2015) and 4–5, 10, 42, 73, 74–5, 76, 78, 109–10, 111, 117, 132, 165, 188, 193; peak in 5, 111–12; scope 1 185–6; scope 2 185–6; scope 3 81, 175, 176, 185–7; transport and 129–34, 140–41, 142, 143 Carbon Tracker 53, 66, 180 Carney, Mark 190, 193–4 Cartier 11–12 CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) 80–81, 86, 91, 153, 177, 178, 203 cell-based meat 155–6 Chargemaster 140 charging, battery 22, 113, 128, 130, 139–40, 203 charitable giving/philanthropy 5, 13, 14, 16, 19, 43, 123, 124 Chevron 116–17, 140 China 15, 61, 76, 114, 128–9, 131, 132, 164, 166, 170, 175 Church of England 74 circular economy 22, 163–79 cleantech crash (2007–8) 113–14, 171 Clearwater Fine Foods 142 ClientEarth 79 Climate Action 100+ initiative 76, 78, 83, 86, 105 Climate Bonds Initiative 94 Climate Group 86 Climate Leadership Council 188–9 climate solutions funds 6, 42, 125–6 coal 16, 21, 45, 46, 49, 52, 53, 67, 82, 87, 90, 109, 110–11, 112, 125, 183, 184, 187, 198 Columbia Threadneedle 67, 94 coronavirus pandemic ix–x, 22, 55, 64, 71, 90, 109–10, 112, 131, 132, 137, 138, 141, 151, 158, 168, 174, 175, 189, 196–8, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 204 corporate bonds 32–3, 94 Cramer, Jim 61 Crop One Holdings 158–9 crowdfunding 43, 118, 119 CSM Energy 82–3 Curtis, Richard 40–41, 201 Deloitte 9, 191 Delta Airlines 79 Devon Energy Corp 194 diesel 183–4, 191 Dimensional Global Sustainable Core Equity 63 Dimon, Jamie 188 disruptive companies 52, 146, 153–4, 157, 171 dividends 31, 54, 54n, 55, 61, 68, 70, 80, 126, 144, 197 divestment 20–21, 22, 32, 45–68, 72, 82, 84, 85, 86, 92, 98, 104, 117, 185; capital recycling 66; economic case for 52–9; emissions reductions and 50–52; growth of movement 45–7; history of movement 47–50; how to invest after you divest 62–5; moral grounds 62; outside of equities 65–8; performance grounds 62; public shaming and 60–61 DNV GL 131, 136 Doerr, John 114 Dong Energy 107–8, 137 Draper Esprit 140 Drax 112 DS Smith 175 DWS 11, 77, 168 DyeCoo 173 early-stage investors 18, 38, 64, 121, 135, 140, 142, 148, 155, 179 EDF Energy 140 Edwards, Jenny 69–72, 73, 77, 84 electricity supply 112, 118, 120, 121, 125, 159, 169–70, 172, 185, 187, 194 electrification of transport 7, 10, 15, 29, 64, 73–4, 76, 113, 120, 127–44, 157, 163, 164, 194, 203; cars 7, 10, 15, 29, 64, 76, 103, 119, 129–30, 132–3, 134, 136, 157, 163, 164; mopeds 22, 127, 128 electrofuels 141 Ellen MacArthur Foundation 172 Emirates Flight Catering, Dubai 158 Energy Action Coalition 118 energy, investing in 11, 16, 35, 42, 80, 107–26, 138, 143, 157, 166, 167–8, 202–3; carbon dioxide emissions and 108–10; clean energy solutions 120–24; cleantech, new dawn for 115–20; cleantech crash (2007–8) 113–14, 171; entrepreneurs/Mosaic 118–20; high-risk investors 126; how to invest in clean energy 124–6; low-risk investors 126; medium-risk investors 126; primary energy consumption 111–12; renewable energy investment, history of 113–14; transitioning away from oil and gas/energy transition 19, 21, 39, 76, 84, 110–13, 123, 140, 194 energy efficiency, investing in 22, 33, 110, 161, 163–79, 183, 203; building and construction sectors 168–70; circular economy and 171–6; high-risk investors 178–9; low-risk investors 178; medium-risk investors 178; next-gen investors 170–71; semiconductor companies 143, 166–7, 178; weight reduction, investing in 167–8; zero emission pledges 176–8 engagement/effecting change 69–106; activist shareholders 69–74, 84–90; disclosure, improving 80–84; fund managers 73–4, 77–80; green bonds 93–6; greenwashing 77–80; passive investing 96–104; pension manager, putting pressure on your 90–93; professional fund managers and 75–7; retail investors/small investors 69–74, 84–90 ENI 117, 191 Environmental Recycling Technologies (ERT) 24–5 environmental score, ESG investing and 9, 10–11 see also ESG (environmental, social and governance) investing EO 139–40 equities 20, 26, 30–32, 33–4, 41, 44, 53, 64, 66, 68, 95, 195 ESG (environmental, social and governance) investing 61, 62, 66, 90, 95, 132–3, 147, 181, 182, 183, 184, 190, 191, 195; coronavirus and/future of 196–200; defined 8–12, 29–30, 44, 190, 195; ETFs 97; passive investor 99–104; pension funds and 92, 93; score and debt 82, 98 ETFs (exchange-traded funds) 30, 96–7, 100–1, 102, 124–5 European Investment Bank 94 European Union 103, 129, 130, 141, 169, 176, 183, 186, 191 ex-fossil fuel funds 42, 62, 63, 68, 85, 106 Extinction Rebellion 13 ExxonMobil 53, 61, 89, 116, 117, 188 family offices 18–19, 122–3, 142, 156, 182 Farmobile 157 fashion 28, 62, 175–6 Fidelity 103 financial advisers 12, 27, 29, 43, 44, 49, 95, 105, 182, 184 Financial Conduct Authority 192 financial crisis (2008) 1, 3–4, 17, 29, 114 Financial Stability Board 58 Fink, Larry 14, 90 Fluor 89 food see agriculture Food Freshness Technology 160 Ford Motors 177 fracking 79 FTSE 100 30, 31, 54, 55, 56, 103, 112, 175; Environmental Opportunities All Share index 56; Global All Cap index 56; TPI Climate Transition Index 74 fuel: aerodynamic systems and 39; alternative/biofuels 22, 53, 111, 113, 140–43; cells 10, 138, 142, 144, 154, 166; aviation and see aviation; fossil see individual fuel type fund managers 10, 11, 12, 43, 49, 60–61, 66–7, 89, 95, 97, 98, 105, 108, 143, 181; activist 13, 14, 30, 73–6, 83, 85, 86, 89, 91; energy efficiency and 166, 167, 168, 172; greenwashing and 10–12, 41, 77–81; passive funds and 96, 97, 98; pensions and 39–40; ‘star’ 96; varying definitions of ESG 102, 103, 104 Gates, Bill 17, 18, 19, 52, 120, 126, 137 Generac 195 Generation Investment Management 2, 135 Georgetown University, Washington DC 45, 46, 51, 55–6, 60 Global Commission on the Economy and Climate 63 Global Reporting Initiative 190 Gogoro 128, 139 Goldman Sachs 1, 1n, 54, 77, 82, 107–8, 119, 137, 181, 189 Gore, Al 2, 135, 202 governance, good 8, 9, 40, 56, 61, 73, 88, 92, 98, 99, 103, 184, 195–6, 197 Government Pension Investment Fund of Japan 74, 93, 98, 180 green economy 33, 56, 203 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 109, 129, 141, 143, 148, 149, 150, 157–8, 160, 173, 187, 199 see also carbon emissions greenwashing 10, 12, 14, 20, 41, 77, 78, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 101, 104, 191, 192–3 Growing Underground 158–9 Hampshire College 46 Hampton Creek 146–7 H&M 62, 175 Harari, Yuval Noah 204 Harvard University 51–2, 67 hedge funds 4, 13, 14, 75–6, 80, 89 Hepburn, Cameron 72, 203 Hermes 83 high-voltage direct current (HVDC) 120–21 Higher Steaks 155–6 Hohn, Christopher 13–14, 80, 89 Howard, Andy 189–90 Howarth, Catherine 192–3 HSBC 88, 174, 175, 176 Hy2gen AG 138 hydrogen 113; aviation solutions 18, 142; batteries 138; blue 138; fuel cells 10, 138, 144, 154, 166; trucks/cars 15, 143 hydropower 131, 137 Hyundai 143 IKEA 160, 173 impact investment 43, 123 Impax Asset Management 77, 90, 157, 166, 176, 195 Impax Environmental Markets fund 90, 166, 172, 173, 175 Impossible Foods 15, 150, 152–3 Indigo 157 Ineos 78–9 ING 82 Ingka Group 160 InstaVolt 139–40 institutional investors 7, 9, 13, 18, 21, 31, 34, 67, 75, 76–7, 87–8, 94, 119, 122, 168, 191, 203 Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change (IIGCC) 76–7, 168, 203 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2, 5, 149, 160 internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles 64, 130, 131, 182, 183–4 International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) 143 International Energy Agency (IEA) 111–12, 113, 115, 117, 129, 130, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 202 International Maritime Organization, The 143 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 56, 58, 187 Invesco Solar ETF 125 Ireland 46–7, 94, 125 Irena 110, 130, 132 iShares Global Clean Energy ETF 124–5 J.

So Good They Can't Ignore You: Why Skills Trump Passion in the Quest for Work You Love
by Cal Newport
Published 17 Sep 2012

Being one of the few people who actually knew how this market worked, Mike decided to start a business. He called it Village Green. The idea was simple: You give money to Mike, he does complicated transactions that only he and a few other energy regulation wonks really understand, and then he offers you certification that you’ve purchased enough carbon offsets for your business to be deemed carbon neutral. Mike ran this business for two years along with a friend from Stanford and a rotating series of other partners. They were headquartered in a rental house not far from where he lived in San Francisco. The company never struggled to pay its expenses, but it also never became a thriving concern.

…

With this in mind, Mike formed his early career around the goal of dominating one valuable pursuit after another, trusting that the large stores of career capital this would generate would lead him somewhere worth going. He started by choosing an ambitious master’s thesis project that ended up making him an expert on international carbon markets. He then leveraged this expertise to run a green-energy start-up that sold carbon offsets contracts to American companies. This combination of expert knowledge on green-energy markets and entrepreneurship experience made him a perfect match for the Westly Group, the clean-energy venture capital firm where he now works. Throughout this process, Mike’s focus was on how to get better, not on figuring out his true calling.

Survival of the Richest: Escape Fantasies of the Tech Billionaires
by Douglas Rushkoff
Published 7 Sep 2022

They gave me noise-canceling headphones to wear and warmed mixed nuts to eat (yes, they heat the nuts) as I composed a lecture on my MacBook about how digital businesses could foster circular economic principles rather than doubling down on extractive growth-based capitalism—painfully aware that neither the ethical value of my words nor the carbon offsets I had purchased along with my ticket could possibly compensate for the environmental damage I was doing. I was funding my mortgage and my daughter’s college savings plan at the expense of the people and places down below. A limo was waiting for me at the airport and took me straight out into the high desert.

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Schwab responded by convening a trickle of panels at WEF’s conference at Davos about global warming and poverty in the global south. Even young climate activist Greta Thunberg was invited to Davos, twice. Her admonition that the assembled world leaders, corporate chiefs, and bankers not depend on carbon offsets and as-yet-uninvented technologies to solve climate change was ignored, twice. The headline that they let her speak at all was probably all they were looking for. That’s because her thesis—that the world is on fire and we must immediately transition to “real zero” emissions by reducing our actual energy expenditure—contradicts the premise of the Great Reset.

Minimal: How to Simplify Your Life and Live Sustainably
by Madeleine Olivia
Published 9 Jan 2020

This doesn’t require moving house, or installing expensive devices, just a few small changes that can make a big impact. 1 RENEWABLE ENERGY Fossil fuels for energy need to be a thing of the past, and you can start by switching to using renewable energy in your home. It’s no more expensive to switch to a green-energy provider, and they also offer the option to carbon offset your gas. 2 LED LIGHTBULBS I’ve mentioned it before, but LED lightbulbs are so much more energy efficient than regular lightbulbs. Normal filament bulbs heat up to produce light, therefore using more energy than LED bulbs which don’t need to do this. They are 80 per cent more efficient as 95 per cent of the energy in LEDs is converted into light, and only 5 per cent is wasted as heat.

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Make the train a part of your holiday by travelling somewhere slowly and stopping off at multiple locations as you go. The journey will show you beautiful sights along the way too that you’d miss on a plane. If you do travel by plane, make it a shorter distance rather than a long-haul flight. Instead of flying every year on holiday, change to flying every other year. Carbon offset your flight. Go online and find a reputable organisation that calculates the CO2 impact of your flight, and offers climate positive causes that you can contribute money towards to counteract your travel emissions. www.carbonfootprint.com If you have to fly, incorporate public transport into your trip by getting a train or bus to and from the airport at both ends.

Life Inc.: How the World Became a Corporation and How to Take It Back
by Douglas Rushkoff
Published 1 Jun 2009

“Everybody else on the highway is driving them,” he explained. “It’s an automotive arms race.” If he stayed in his Civic, he’d be putting them all at risk. “You see the way those people drive? I’m scared for my family.” As penance, at least until gas prices went up, he began purchasing a few “carbon offsets”—a way of donating money to environmental companies in compensation for one’s own excess carbon emissions. In a similar balancing act, a self-described “holistic” parent in Manhattan spares her son the risks she associates with vaccinations for childhood diseases. “We still don’t know what’s in them,” she says, “and if everyone else is vaccinated he won’t catch these things, anyway.”

…

While joining a big cause or a national political campaign may feel good for a moment, it can easily turn immediate, local, and actionable problems into great big abstract ones. The pollution leaching out of the local factory is hard to confront directly, and easier to address instead as part of a bigger environmental movement. Racism downtown can be addressed more painlessly by donating to a black candidate or a scholarship fund online. Carbon offsets, through which a person can pay an online company to counteract the effects of his air travel or air-conditioning, provide a virtual path to personal virtue—and a way for frequent fliers to recontextualize their actions right on their blogs for all to see. This activity may be well intentioned, but it is chiefly concerned with finding ways to maintain our disconnection while still doing the right thing.

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The rest of us just don’t have the time, the energy, or the commitment to take a hands-on approach to anything but work and maybe family. We want to do right by the environment, but we still want to take two adults and two children to Disneyland for under a couple of thousand bucks. The best among us buy some carbon offsets online, as if to compensate for our addiction to oil the way an OxyContin addict snorts a line of speed when he gets to work. By the time we’ve used the Visa card to buy the offsets, we’ve involved a dozen corporations with their own biases and agendas in the offsetting of a branded Disney vacation that was itself planned to offset a desocialized and unfabulous life at home.

The Story of Stuff: The Impact of Overconsumption on the Planet, Our Communities, and Our Health-And How We Can Make It Better
by Annie Leonard
Published 22 Feb 2011

United Parcel Service, or UPS, has launched trucks with hydraulic hybrid technology that are supposed to “increase fuel efficiency by 60–70% in urban use and lowers greenhouse gas emissions by 40%, compared to UPS’s conventional diesel delivery trucks.”41 Not to be outdone, FedEx has peppered its fleet with hybrid electric vehicles that decrease particulate emissions by 96 percent and go 57 percent farther on a gallon of fuel than a conventional FedEx truck, reducing fuel costs by more than one-third.42 DHL has launched its own version of carbon offsets, offering customers the ability to tack on a 3 percent extra fee that DHL promises to invest in “green projects like vehicle technology, solar panels and reforestation.”43 Nice as those efforts sound, they don’t get to the crux of the problem, which is this set of massive global supply chains (as long as ten thousand miles, according to some experts44), the consumer demand for more cheap Stuff delivered faster and faster, and the economic rules governing the whole show, which make it more profitable to make Stuff on the other side of the planet than close to home.

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Many studies have documented increases in cancer (especially leukemia and bladder cancer) and other health problems in communities adjacent to landfills.85 Waste industry representatives often promote the concept of burning landfill gas as a renewable energy source, which would make landfills eligible for massive governmental subsidies, or carbon-offsetting credits, and grant them some invaluable public relations. They argue that the gas is going to be produced anyway, and burning it to create energy is better than just letting it seep into the atmosphere. The catch is that landfill gas is dirty gas; it contains methane as well as other nasty VOCs and potential contaminants that can form supertoxic dioxin when burned.

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It’s simply not needed; technically viable and less polluting nonincineration alternatives exist for medical, municipal, and hazardous wastes. Instead, adopt a zero waste goal and invest in waste prevention, reuse, and recycling programs that conserve resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and create jobs. Prohibit all scams aiming to give renewable energy credits or carbon offset credits to waste incinerators and landfill gas burning! To get involved, contact the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives at www.no-burn.org. 5. For municipal wastes, implement pay-as-you-throw systems at the local level in which households and businesses pay more for waste disposal the more they throw away.

Making Globalization Work
by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Published 16 Sep 2006

But this makes no sense—countries should be given incentives to maintain their forests.21 In principle, this would be relatively easy to do under the carbon trading system. Energy companies in Europe are allowed to buy “carbon offsets” (allowing them to emit more carbon than they otherwise would be allowed to do) by paying for the planting of a forest (“carbon sequestration”) in some developing country. Led by Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica, a group of developing countries calling themselves the Rainforest Coalition put forward an innovative proposal in January 2005, offering to commit to greenhouse gas limits but asking in return that they be able to sell carbon offsets not just for new forests but for avoided deforestation.22 Countries would, under this proposal, be paid for not cutting down their forests.

…

Cutting down the hardwood forests—even when they presently receive only a small fraction of the final price the wood fetches in, say, New York—is the only way impoverished people in these countries can make ends meet. Much of the logging in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and other tropical countries is, in fact, illegal or the result of corrupt contracts. The countries do not currently have the resources to stop illegal logging; carbon offset payments would provide them with the resources and the incentive to stop it, and the countries of the Rainforest Coalition have made a commitment that they would. Some have suggested waiting to address the issue until 2012, when a revised protocol is supposed to come into effect. But can we wait?

Listen, Liberal: Or, What Ever Happened to the Party of the People?
by Thomas Frank
Published 15 Mar 2016

For Daniel Gross, writing in 2000, it all came down to “arrogant” capital versus “humble” capital—meaning that selfish and stuck-up investment bankers were Republicans while modest and unpretentious ones were Democrats. For the journalist David Callahan, it was (among other things) a matter of the “dirty rich” versus the “clean rich”—meaning that industrialists who polluted were conservatives while those who purchased carbon offsets were liberals.11 Every now and then, one of these rich liberals was moved to write a manifesto handing down his own personal wisdom on the matter. John Sperling, the billionaire behind the for-profit University of Phoenix, made a notable splash in 2004 when he published a work of political theory called The Great Divide: Retro vs.

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They come into contact with the other participants in this market: the politicians and billionaires and bankers who warm themselves at the incandescent virtue of the world-traveling moral superstars.32 What drives this market are the buyers. Like Wal-Mart and Goldman Sachs “partnering” with the State Department, what these virtue-consumers are doing is purchasing liberalism offsets, an ideological version of the carbon offsets that are sometimes bought by polluters in order to compensate for the smog they churn out. At the apex of all this idealism stands the Clinton Foundation, a veritable market-maker in the world’s vast, swirling virtue-trade. The former president who stands at its head is “the world’s leading philanthropic dealmaker,” according to a book on the subject.33 Under his watchful eye all the concerned parties are brought together: the moral superstars, the billionaires, and of course the professionals, who organize, intone, and advise.

After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back
by Juliet Schor , William Attwood-Charles and Mehmet Cansoy
Published 15 Mar 2020

After years of rising, ridership on the nation’s public transport systems (excluding New York) declined 7 percent over the last decade, and studies show that ride-hail is a major culprit.35 The San Francisco study found that bus ridership fell by a whopping 12.7 percent.36 For years, the ride-hail companies insisted they were supportive of public provision and emphasized their utility for solving long-standing challenges for local systems. These include “first and last mile” gaps (getting from home to a station and back), routes with low ridership, and providing service during off-peak times. Some locales have been partnering with the companies to address these real needs. In 2018 Lyft committed to carbon offsetting, meaning they are paying money to compensate for the carbon emitted by their vehicles.37 But this is a false solution. The problem is that ride-hailing is undermining the only real low-carbon transport system we have.38 It doesn’t take a crack researcher to see the threat. When UberPool and LyftLine offer fares as low as three dollars, ride-hailing is price-competitive with public transport and offers superior convenience.

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See also discrimination; income, 95, 104, 109; social class, 95–96; structural, 85, 92 informal sharing, 146 Instacart, 57, 161 interviews, 177, 182–83 investment, 35–36 Isabelle, 59–60, 63–64 iStock, 148–49 Jason, 20–21, 28, 107, 120 Jen, 128 Jerry, 112 job loss, cost of, 69–70 job security, 3 John, Nicholas, 191 Johnston, Josée, 134 Josephine, 38 Josh, 58–59, 97 Juan (Romero), 40, 48–49 Junkyard Wars, 139 Kalamar, Anthony, 193 Kalanick, Travis, 9, 25, 38, 95, 156 Kalleberg, Arne, 70 Karim, 32, 89 Kassi, 145–46 Katie, 100 Kelly, 112–13 Kendrick, 61–62 Kenney, Martin, 151, 194 Kent, 138–39 Kessler, Sarah, 13 Kitchensurfing, 27 Kozaza, 172 labor conditions, 161 labor control, 66–67 labor platforms, 27, 35, 86–87, 96 Ladegaard, Isak, 14, 52, 182–83 Landshare, 35 Las Indias, 168 Leah, 7, 29, 108–9 Lee, 144 legacy businesses, 72, 77, 83, 97, 109 Lessig, Lawrence, 191 Lily, 112 Lisa, 168 Livingstone, Bruce, 148–49 Liz, 140–41 lodging platforms, 116, 160. See also Airbnb London, 153 low-wage earners, 110. See also dependent earners Lyft, 2, 11, 25, 151; carbon offsetting, 118; drivers’ share, 75; lobbying, 157; losses, 35; LyftLine, 108, 118; as sharing economy platform, 193; and social connection, 114; traffic congestion, 117 makerspace, 125–27, 136–41, 192 manual labor, 97, 100 manufacturing, 3 Marco, 129 Margaret, 28–29 Mark, 19–20, 87–88, 109, 120 Mark (II), 140 market dominance, 150–52 market failures, 155 market manipulation, 159 market populism, 23 Massachusetts, 15 McDonaldization, 80 McLaren, Duncan, 13 Mei, 129–30 Melissa, 144 Mesh, The, 12 Micah, 131 Michelle, 131, 138–39 microwork, 192 middle-class earnings, 109–10 Mike, 69 misclassification, 47, 71 Mitch, 33, 46, 61, 76 Molly, 130 money, 193–94 monopolistic platforms, 151, 158 MOOCs, 126 Mootch, 34 municipal policy, 171–74 Naomi, 130 Natasha, 30, 54 Neighborgoods, 35 Neighborhood Fruit, 125 Netherlands, 153 network effects, 32–33 New Communalists, 22–23, 147 New Left, 22 New York City, 102, 105–7, 160–61, 173 Nicki, 100–101 Nike, 33 Noble, David, 67 nonfunctional making, 139–40, 142 nonprofit cases: demographic data, 187; food swap, 179–80; makerspace, 179; open learning, 180; time bank, 178–79 nonprofits, 16–17, 30, 123–24, 147.

Ecovillages: Lessons for Sustainable Community
by Karen T. Litfin
Published 16 Dec 2013

Jet miles A bicycle, however, could never have taken me to fourteen ecovillages around the world. For that, I relied on airplanes, an irony that at times weighed heavy on my conscience. My jet travel generated 17 tons of greenhouse gases – as much as fifty residents of West Africa would produce in an entire year – all for the purpose of learning how to live sustainably. Sure, I purchased carbon offsets to “neutralize” the harm, but that felt to me a bit like medieval nobility buying “indulgences” from the Church to “offset” their sins. In his book Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning, George Monbiot set out to determine how the lifestyles of the world’s affluent would need to change in order for us to have a shot at stabilizing the world’s climate.11 He concludes that, using available technologies and making significant behavioral changes, we could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the requisite 90 percent and maintain most of the comforts of modern life.

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We had to water each one by carrying clay pots of water to it. Mother said that by planting trees, we could change the climate.” And so they did. Today, Auroville can be 20ºF cooler than the scorching city of Pondicherry just ten miles away. More recently, the Auroville Forestry Group has ramped up its tree planting efforts with a new carbon offsets initiative. Residents and visitors coming from overseas can simultaneously alleviate their guilt and improve the local ecosystem.13 Auroville’s forest makes it one of the few places on Earth where biodiversity is increasing; every year, residents encounter insect and bird species that have not been seen for decades.

Ten Technologies to Save the Planet: Energy Options for a Low-Carbon Future
by Chris Goodall
Published 1 Jan 2010

Nevertheless, a stove should repay itself quickly by substantially reducing the amount of fuel that the household has to buy or collect. We can hope that microfinance banks, such as Grameen in Bangladesh, will be able to lend money for biochar stoves because of the long-term savings to the household budget. Similarly, the growing number of institutions offering voluntary carbon offsets for people in the rich world might choose to subsidize the sales of Flanagan’s stoves in the poorest countries. There are fewer projects where the carbon savings are more obvious. But getting interest from the international bodies that concern themselves with climate change is difficult. Unlike some of the technologies covered in this book, the opportunities for big international companies to build large businesses based on sophisticated technology are simply not present.

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Hungry people don’t want to wait any longer than necessary to eat. Nevertheless, a worldwide effort to improve the efficiency of cooking remains crucial to addressing the forest loss problem. At the moment, the drive to reduce the amount of wood used in stoves is being led by a mixed bag of small charities and “carbon offset” specialists (organizations that establish carbon-reduction projects to counterbalance emissions caused by their customers’ air travel and other activities). One example is Climate Care, a subsidiary of the U.S. bank J.P. Morgan, which spends much of its income developing and marketing new types of stoves in countries as different as Honduras and Bangladesh.

Frommer's San Diego 2011
by Mark Hiss
Published 2 Jan 2007

Beer, wine, and hard liquor are sold daily from 6am to 2am and are available in grocery stores. 15_626214-ch12.indd 28815_626214-ch12.indd 288 7/23/10 11:23 PM7/23/10 11:23 PM IT’S easy BEING GREEN Here are a few simple ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel: W W W Drinking Laws W 12 FAST FACTS Each time you take a flight or drive a car, greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through “carbon offsetting”—paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you’ve added. Before buying carbon offset credits, make sure that you’re using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund (www.carbonfund. org), TerraPass (www.terrapass. org), and Carbon Neutral (www. carbonneutral.com). W Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again.

Meat: A Benign Extravagance
by Simon Fairlie
Published 14 Jun 2010

Credits for the Credulous? While experiments in carbon farming are to be welcomed, I am sceptical about the wisdom of extending this welcome to schemes for selling carbon credits. There is no guarantee that these are any less likely to attract con artists and sellers of indulgences than the other carbon offset schemes which have surfaced in the last ten years – indeed judging by the Carbon Farmers of America, they are already on the case. Soil carbon credits are handicapped by a number of difficulties, not least the huge expense of monitoring various different types of carbon down to a depth of at least a metre.

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This quotation has been shortened. 2 Carbon Farming Expo and Conference, Orange NSW, 18-19 November 2008; http://carbonfarming.blogspot.com/ 3The Carbon Footprint of British Agriculture, The Nuffield Carbon Farming Conference, Stoneleigh, 30 April 2008; Low Carbon Farming, The Greenhouse, Bristol, 25 November 2008. 4 Sams, Craig (2007), Farming Carbon, Soil Association Conference 2007; Benn, Hilary (2009), Challenges and Opportunities: Farming for the Future, Oxford Farming Conference, 6 January 2009, DEFRA, http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/about/who/ministers/speeches/hilary-benn/hb090106.htm 5 Chicago Climate Exchange (2008), Soil Carbon Management Offsets, http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/docs/offsets/CCX_Soil_Carbon_Offsets.pdf 6 Carbon Farmers of America (n.d.), Carbon Sinks, http://www.carbonfarmersofamerica.com/products.htm 7 For a circumspect view of minimum tillage and some other approaches to SOC sequestration, see Goulding, K et al (2009), The Potential for Soil Carbon Sequestration, but with a Full Greenhouse Gas Budget, Rothamsted 2009. 8 Paustian, K et al (1997), ‘Agricultural Soils as a Sink to Mitigate CO2 Emissions’, Soil Use and Management, 13, 230-44. 9 Lal, R (1998) ‘Myths and Facts About Soils and the Greenhouse Effect’, in Rattan Lal (ed.), Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect, Proceedings of a Symposium held by the the SSSA in Baltimore MD 18-22 Oct 1998, Soil Science Society of America Inc, Madison WI, 2001. 10 Smith, Pete et al, ‘Potential for Carbon Sequestration in European Soils: Preliminary Estimates for Five Scenarios Using Results from Long term Experiments’, Global Change Biology 3, 67-79, 1997. 11 FAO, 2006, Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO, p 114. 12Ibid.; see also Conservation Technology Information Center (2008), Mitigating Climate Change, Conservation Agriculture Carbon Offset Consultation, West Fayette Indiana, 28-30 October 2008, http://www.amazingcarbon.com/ 13 FAO (2006), op cit. 11, p 280. 14 Schumann, G E et al (2001), ‘The Dynamics of Soil Carbon in Rangelands’, in Follett, R F, Kimble, M and Lal, R (2001), The Potential of US Grazing Lands to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect, Lewis Publishers. 15 Voisin, André, Grass Productivity, Island Press, 1988. 16 Savory, Allan, Introduction to the Island Press Edition of Grass Productivity, ibid. 17 Savory, Allan with Butterfield, Jody (1999), Holistic Management, Island Press, p 198. 18 Abbey, Edward (1988), ‘Free Speech: The Cowboy and His Cow’, in Abbey, Edward (1988), One Life at a Time Please, Henry Holt and Co. 19 Bureau of Land Management (2009), Factsheet on the BLM’s Mangement of Livestock Grazing, US Dept of the Interior, Jan 2009, http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/grazing.html 20 Herman Mayeux, Foreword to Follett et al (2001), op cit. 14. 21 Behnke, Roy H Jr, Scoones, Ian and Kerven, Carol (1993), Range Ecology at Disequilibrium, Overseas Development Institute, 1993. 22 Dagget, Dan (2005), Gardeners of Eden, Thatcher Charitable Trust, Santa Barbara CA, 2005, pp 72-4. 23 Manning, Richard, Grassland, Penguin, p 179. 24 Spainhower, Richard, Cheatin’ Heart, BASF Advertorial, The Dickinson Press, Dickinson, N Dakota 2003, http://www.vmanswers.com/pdfs/CheatgrassCanRob.pdf 25 Manning, op cit. 23, p 127. 26 Young, James A and Clements, Charlie D ‘Cheatgrass’ (2007), USDA Agricultural Research Centre Reno; University of Idaho (2006), Cheatgrass or Downy Brome, Targeted Grazing, http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/Grasses/Cheatgrass.htm 27 Holechek, Jerry, ‘Short Duration Grazing: The Facts in 1999’, Rangelands 22(1), 2000, http://uvalde.tamu.edu/rangel/feb00/holechek.pdf 28 Described as ‘weak’ by another correspondent to the magazine.

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This quotation has been shortened. 2 Carbon Farming Expo and Conference, Orange NSW, 18-19 November 2008; http://carbonfarming.blogspot.com/ 3The Carbon Footprint of British Agriculture, The Nuffield Carbon Farming Conference, Stoneleigh, 30 April 2008; Low Carbon Farming, The Greenhouse, Bristol, 25 November 2008. 4 Sams, Craig (2007), Farming Carbon, Soil Association Conference 2007; Benn, Hilary (2009), Challenges and Opportunities: Farming for the Future, Oxford Farming Conference, 6 January 2009, DEFRA, http://www.defra.gov.uk/corporate/about/who/ministers/speeches/hilary-benn/hb090106.htm 5 Chicago Climate Exchange (2008), Soil Carbon Management Offsets, http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/docs/offsets/CCX_Soil_Carbon_Offsets.pdf 6 Carbon Farmers of America (n.d.), Carbon Sinks, http://www.carbonfarmersofamerica.com/products.htm 7 For a circumspect view of minimum tillage and some other approaches to SOC sequestration, see Goulding, K et al (2009), The Potential for Soil Carbon Sequestration, but with a Full Greenhouse Gas Budget, Rothamsted 2009. 8 Paustian, K et al (1997), ‘Agricultural Soils as a Sink to Mitigate CO2 Emissions’, Soil Use and Management, 13, 230-44. 9 Lal, R (1998) ‘Myths and Facts About Soils and the Greenhouse Effect’, in Rattan Lal (ed.), Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Greenhouse Effect, Proceedings of a Symposium held by the the SSSA in Baltimore MD 18-22 Oct 1998, Soil Science Society of America Inc, Madison WI, 2001. 10 Smith, Pete et al, ‘Potential for Carbon Sequestration in European Soils: Preliminary Estimates for Five Scenarios Using Results from Long term Experiments’, Global Change Biology 3, 67-79, 1997. 11 FAO, 2006, Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO, p 114. 12Ibid.; see also Conservation Technology Information Center (2008), Mitigating Climate Change, Conservation Agriculture Carbon Offset Consultation, West Fayette Indiana, 28-30 October 2008, http://www.amazingcarbon.com/ 13 FAO (2006), op cit. 11, p 280. 14 Schumann, G E et al (2001), ‘The Dynamics of Soil Carbon in Rangelands’, in Follett, R F, Kimble, M and Lal, R (2001), The Potential of US Grazing Lands to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect, Lewis Publishers. 15 Voisin, André, Grass Productivity, Island Press, 1988. 16 Savory, Allan, Introduction to the Island Press Edition of Grass Productivity, ibid. 17 Savory, Allan with Butterfield, Jody (1999), Holistic Management, Island Press, p 198. 18 Abbey, Edward (1988), ‘Free Speech: The Cowboy and His Cow’, in Abbey, Edward (1988), One Life at a Time Please, Henry Holt and Co. 19 Bureau of Land Management (2009), Factsheet on the BLM’s Mangement of Livestock Grazing, US Dept of the Interior, Jan 2009, http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/grazing.html 20 Herman Mayeux, Foreword to Follett et al (2001), op cit. 14. 21 Behnke, Roy H Jr, Scoones, Ian and Kerven, Carol (1993), Range Ecology at Disequilibrium, Overseas Development Institute, 1993. 22 Dagget, Dan (2005), Gardeners of Eden, Thatcher Charitable Trust, Santa Barbara CA, 2005, pp 72-4. 23 Manning, Richard, Grassland, Penguin, p 179. 24 Spainhower, Richard, Cheatin’ Heart, BASF Advertorial, The Dickinson Press, Dickinson, N Dakota 2003, http://www.vmanswers.com/pdfs/CheatgrassCanRob.pdf 25 Manning, op cit. 23, p 127. 26 Young, James A and Clements, Charlie D ‘Cheatgrass’ (2007), USDA Agricultural Research Centre Reno; University of Idaho (2006), Cheatgrass or Downy Brome, Targeted Grazing, http://www.cnr.uidaho.edu/rx-grazing/Grasses/Cheatgrass.htm 27 Holechek, Jerry, ‘Short Duration Grazing: The Facts in 1999’, Rangelands 22(1), 2000, http://uvalde.tamu.edu/rangel/feb00/holechek.pdf 28 Described as ‘weak’ by another correspondent to the magazine.

Among Chimpanzees
by Nancy J. Merrick

Be sure to recycle your phone and electronic devices with a program such as Eco-Cell (www.eco-cell.com), remembering the impact that coltan and tantalum capacitors are having on forests and wildlife. Eat locally, waste less, and be energy-wise. When you travel, be carbon-neutral by buying carbon offsets. Check out TerraPass (www.terrapass.com) and CarbonFund.org to learn more and to better understand the amount of CO2 emissions we generate regularly. My trip from Los Angeles to Uganda, for example, caused twice the CO2 that driving my Prius generates in an entire year—four tons of CO2. By purchasing forty-eight dollars’ worth of carbon offsets at TerraPass, I provided money to invest in projects that reduce carbon dioxide emissions, such as wind farms. Be sure to include offsets for land travel and hotel stays as well. 9.

WEconomy: You Can Find Meaning, Make a Living, and Change the World
by Craig Kielburger , Holly Branson , Marc Kielburger , Sir Richard Branson and Sheryl Sandberg
Published 7 Mar 2018

Thankfully our airline industry body IATA later got involved and did a fantastic job of bringing airlines from around the world into the fold, supporting the intense negotiations between the UN and nation states. Fast-forward eight years—and a huge amount of hard work later—and the world's first global, sectoral deal was achieved—a massive breakthrough. It's called the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and means that from 2020 onward, international airlines from all over the globe will collectively be spending billions of dollars in new, meaningful, carbon-reduction projects around the world—like renewable energy projects to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and conservation projects that keep CO2 out of the atmosphere.

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We believe that the best corporate–charity partnerships will help influence both the for-profit and nonprofit sectors to achieve greater social good. We're not advocating where to spend your donation dollars, only that you consider the investment carefully. Fair warning that there will be a little bit of math in the next section. Buy an Outcome: Costing Out Social Change Much like purchasing carbon offsets to mitigate the impact of company travel, you can purchase social outcomes. It's not as simple as ordering from a menu, but you can buy a better world—in increments of social change. Companies will have the infrastructure to be more rigorous about this process, but individual donors also should consider efficacy and impact.

With Liberty and Dividends for All: How to Save Our Middle Class When Jobs Don't Pay Enough
by Peter Barnes
Published 31 Jul 2014

In the sulfur cap-and-trade program, the only things that can be traded are sulfur permits issued by the government. That means total pollution can’t exceed the number of permits. An equally airtight system would make sense for carbon. But airtightness isn’t always sought in Washington; in fact, our lawmakers frequently prefer loopholes. Hence the rise of carbon “offsets.” Sometimes offsets and permits are lumped together, but they’re not the same. Offsets aren’t issued by government, and they’re not permits to pollute. Rather, they are privately created claims that a quantified reduction of greenhouse gases has been or will be achieved. And, as with all financial derivatives, there are many varieties of them.

Business Lessons From a Radical Industrialist
by Ray C. Anderson
Published 28 Mar 2011

The same might be said about integrating renewable technologies and energy sources into our operations. But fixing the problems that arise from a transportation system designed around cheap oil defies easy categorization. Yes, there are things we can do locally to lessen the impact of skyrocketing oil prices. And we can begin to act on a broader stage by purchasing carbon offsets for company travel, making wiser, more deliberate choices about how we ship our goods, and even rethinking the wisdom of large central factories serving widely distributed customers. In retrospect, though initially we didn’t plan it consciously, we can see that it makes a lot of sense for our production facilities to be close to their markets in North America, Latin America, Europe, Southeast Asia, northern Asia, and Australasia.

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business economic distortions and perverse incentives in “exists to make a profit” as institution, power to effect environmental change pollution from redesigning relation with government business schools, sustainability courses in Butts, Wally Byrd-Hagel Resolution California, state of California Energy Commission Callaway, Fuller Callaway Mills Company Canada carbohydrate economy carbon cap-and-trade carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas effect of ppm in atmosphere carbon dioxide credits carbon dioxide emissions legislation re top corporate emitters carbon emissions benefits (from RECs) carbon footprint taxing of zero, buying offsets to achieve carbon offsets doubts about carbon sinks carbon taxes Carpet America Recovery Effort (CARE) carpet industry, environmental impact of carpet installer network, episode in Interface’s history carpets buying vs. leasing learning from nature in designing need for recycling of replacement or discarding of, vs. repair of salvage value of structure and manufacture of volume of, discarded each year carpet tiles adaptability of author’s work with invention of manufacturing process opportunity in spidergraph of environmental impact of two types of trimming of carrying capacity cars.

Frommer's Egypt
by Matthew Carrington
Published 8 Sep 2008

For information about the ethics of swimming with dolphins and other outdoor activities, visit the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (www.wdcs.org) and Tread Lightly (www.treadlightly.org). Apart from staying in low-consumption facilities, you can also look at carbon offsetting as a way of reducing the overall impact of your vacation. Each time you take a flight or drive a car, CO2 is released into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to our planet through carbon offsetting (paying someone to reduce your CO2 emissions by the same amount you’ve added). Carbon offsets can be purchased in the U.S. from companies such as Carbonfund.org (www. carbonfund.org) and TerraPass (www. terrapass.org), and from Climate Care (www.climatecare.org) in the U.K.

The Outlaw Ocean: Journeys Across the Last Untamed Frontier
by Ian Urbina
Published 19 Aug 2019

By providing missing nutrients to the ocean, he claims, the iron ore was supposed to stimulate a plankton bloom, which, as it grew, would suck up carbon dioxide, much like plants on land. The bloom would serve as a kind of at-sea “pasture” to feed herbivorous species that in turn would feed the salmon, restoring their historic abundance. The plan had an economic aspect to it as well. The Haida had hoped that by capturing carbon in the bloom, they could also sell so-called carbon offset credits to companies and make money for the tribe. Under cap-and-trade programs in various countries, polluters offset their emissions of greenhouse gases by buying credits from projects that store carbon or otherwise mitigate global warming. Many scientists do not share George’s enthusiasm for the experiment, assailing it as unscientific, irresponsible, and a violation of international agreements meant to protect the oceans.

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We all recognize that our individual actions will not, on their own, stop the planet from overheating. Still, many people want to know how they can make a difference. They want to feel like they are a part of the solution, not part of the problem. Albeit small, there are clear benefits to, say, making sure your tires are properly inflated to improve gas mileage or buying carbon offsets to lessen the impact of emissions from an airline flight. But the little and personalized steps that average people might take to guard against the illegal, dangerous, and inhumane acts at sea are tougher to pinpoint. And yet, there are ways to make a difference. Among them is to support, financially or otherwise, the organizations that are on the front lines and tackling some of the stubborn realities portrayed in these pages.

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It’s also known for another reason: Thomas Fuller and International Herald Tribune, “20 Kidnapped from Malaysian Resort Island,” New York Times, April 25, 2000. If the bloom was eaten: The experiment in 2012 was not George’s first foray into geo-engineering. As chief executive of a company called Planktos, he had proposed in 2007 a similar iron-fertilization project in the equatorial Pacific west of the Galápagos Islands, with the hope of selling carbon offsets. The project was canceled in 2008 after what George’s company called a “disinformation campaign” by environmentalists and others who made it impossible to attract investors. “You get on board”: I interviewed Frith by phone several times in 2017. While much of my reporting took me to derelict: To learn about crime on cruise ships, I read Curt Anderson, “ICE Dive Unit in Miami Targets Smugglers Using Freighter, Cruise Ship Hulls to Ferry Drugs,” Associated Press Newswires, Feb. 28, 2011; Robert Anglen, “Comprehensive Reports of Cruise-Ship Crime Made Public, Led by Phoenix Man,” Arizona Republic, Oct. 13, 2016; Donna Balancia, “Crew Member Sues Carnival,” Florida Today, Feb. 13, 2008; “Brazil ‘Rescues’ Cruise Workers from ‘Slave-Like Conditions,’ ” BBC News, April 4, 2014; Jonathan Brown and Michael Day, “Cruise Ship Limps In—but Costa’s Nightmare Goes On,” Independent, March 2, 2012; Michael Day, “Costa Concordia: Shipment of Mob Drugs Was Hidden Aboard Cruise Liner When It Hit Rocks off Italian Coast, Investigators Say,” Independent Online, March 30, 2015; Richard Foot, “Gangs Smuggle Passengers on Cruises,” CanWest News Service, Nov. 23, 2005; John Honeywell, “The Truth About Crime on a Cruise Ship,” Telegraph Online, June 5, 2017; Vincent Larouche and Daniel Renaud, “Three Quebecers Charged with Smuggling $30M in Cocaine on Cruise Ship in Australia,” Toronto Star, Aug. 30, 2016; Jim Mustian, “Feds Arrest Cruise Ship Crewmen in Alleged Plot to Smuggle Cocaine into New Orleans,” New Orleans Advocate, Jan. 10, 2016; Natalie Paris, “Cruise Lines Defend Treatment of Staff,” Telegraph Online, April 7, 2014; “Ten Individuals Charged with Importing Hundreds of Pounds of Cocaine, Heroin into United States Aboard Cruise Ships,” Hindustan Times, June 10, 2005; U.S.

Discover Hawaii the Big Island
by Lonely Planet

Geothermal and solar power generate over 20% of the island’s energy, and a project launched in January 2011 will establish a 13,000-acre biofuel farm in Kaʻu – if community members green light the project. On the Ground Unfortunately, being green is great in theory, but gets tricky in practice. The good new is you can go green on the Big Island. Start by carbon offsetting your flight and rental car (Enterprise National and Alamo have nifty programs). Patronizing local businesses employing responsible practices is a greener way to spend your green. The dumps on Hawai‘i are full to overflowing so it’s important to minimize your waste production. Look for biodegradable Sustainable Island Products at restaurants and food retailers, and bring or buy a reusable bag for purchases.

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GREEN DRIVING A car is virtually indispensable for exploring the Big Island, but there are ways to lessen your impact: » Stay in two or three locations around the island, so day trips are shorter. » Stay within walking distance of town centers. » Plan your itinerary beforehand to avoid backtracking. » Rent a smaller, fuel- efficient car. » Choose Enterprise, National, Alamo or other rental companies that offer carbon offsetting. » Join tours to Mauna Kea rather than risking trouble on Saddle and Summit Rds. » Ride the Hele-On Bus when feasible. » Don’t speed, especially in residential neighborhoods. » Let faster drivers pass when it’s safe to do so. INSURANCE » Your car insurance policy at home might include liability coverage for car rentals.

Frommer's London 2009
by Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince
Published 25 Aug 2008

(TIES) defines ecotourism as responsible • Provide direct financial benefits for travel to natural areas that conserves the conservation and for local people. environment and improves the well-being 07_285596-ch03.qxp 7/22/08 5:31 PM Page 65 S U S TA I N A B L E T O U R I S M 65 Tips It’s Easy Being Green Here are a few simple ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel: • Each time you take a flight or drive a car greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through “carbon offsetting”—paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you’ve added. Before buying carbon offset credits, just make sure that you’re using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and Carbon Neutral (www.carbonneutral.org). • Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again.

The Rough Guide to Prague
by Humphreys, Rob

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Deutsche Bahn T 0871 880 8066 (phone lines open Mon–Fri 9am–5pm), Wwww.bahn.com. Competitive discounted fares for any journey from London across Europe, with very reasonable prices for journeys passing through Germany.

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Readers’ letters Thanks to all the readers who have taken the time to write in with comments and suggestions (and apologies if we’ve inadvertently omitted or misspelt anyone’s name): SMAL L PRI NT David Dutta; Michael Heppner; Judy Lynn; Peter Mair, Paul and Elsie Smith; Frederik Schutyser; Carrie Schwender; Joanne Taylor; Louise and Simon Wagman; Rachael Westwood Photo credits | All photos © Rough Guides except the following: Title page Czech beer colour section Old Town square © Guy Vandereist/Getty Images Draft beer being poured © Chris Fredriksson/ Alamy Brown beers © Photolibrary.com U Vejvodů Beer Hall © Yadid Levy/Alamy U Fleků pub © Photolibrary.com Bartender in the Pivovarský dům © travelpix/ Alamy Pilsner Urquel sign © Peter Horre/Alamy Pub interior © Chris Fredriksson/Alamy Full page Aerial view over the square © Stuart Dee/Getty Images Introduction Close up of the Astronomical Clock © Stephen Simpson/Getty Images River Vltava and the bridges © Massimo Pizzotti/ Getty Images Charles Bridge in winter © Clay McLachian/Getty Images The Loreto © Jozef Sedmak/iStock Things not to miss 02 Prague castle district © Cheng Chang/istock 11 View from the Astronomical Tower © Vova Pomortzeff/Alamy 20 Pasáže © Paul Quayle/Axiom Art Nouveau Prague colour section Crucifixion by Frantisek Bílek © BO Kane/Alamy Main hall, Prague train station © Photolibrary 278 Black and whites p.47 St Vitus Cathedral © Altrendo Travel/Getty Images p.88 View across Old Town roofs © Peter Adams/ Getty Images p.105 The Old Jewish Cemetery © Richard Nebesky/Getty Images p.107 The Spanish Synagogue © DEA/C.Sappa/ Getty Images p.120 The exterior of the Obecni dým © Diane Macdonald/Getty Images p.137 Church of sv Petr and Pavel © isifa Images Service/Alamy p.161 The Chateau at Melnik © Upperhill/Alamy Index Map entries are in colour. 1848 Revolution ........... 236 Admirál ............................. 183 Alchymist Grand Hotel ..... 180 Alcron ............................... 182 Alpin ................................. 183 Anděl Apartments ............ 183 Anděl’s Hotel .................... 184 Anna ................................. 183 Arcadia Old Town............. 181 Arco .................................. 183 Aria ................................... 180 Art Hotel Praha ................ 184 Art Prison ......................... 184 Buddha Bar Hotel ............ 181 Černá liška ....................... 181 Černý slon ........................ 181 Castle Steps..................... 180 Cloister Inn ....................... 181 Clown & Bard ................... 184 Crowne Plaza ................... 184 Czech Inn ......................... 184 Dientzenhofer ................... 180 Domus Henrici ................. 179 Dům U velké boty ............ 180 Džbán campsite ............... 185 Galileo .............................. 183 Grand Hotel Bohemia ...... 181 Grand Hotel Evropa ......... 182 Herzog campsite .............. 185 Hotel 16 – U sv Kateřiny... 182 Icon Hotel......................... 182 Imperial ............................ 183 Josef ................................ 181 Julián ................................ 184 Klub Habitat ..................... 184 Kotva campsite ................ 185 Le Palais........................... 183 Lundborg.......................... 180 Mánes .............................. 183 Miss Sophie’s ................... 184 Na zlatém kříži ................. 183 Neruda ............................. 180 Nosticova ......................... 180 Pachtův Palace ................ 181 Palace .............................. 183 Paříž ................................. 181 Petr................................... 184 Praha ................................ 184 Questenberk..................... 179 Residence Řetězová ........ 182 Ritchie’s............................ 185 Rosemary ......................... 185 Salvator ............................ 183 Adamec, Ladislav ......... 247 addresses ....................... 33 Agnes, St ........................ 95 airlines ............................ 19 airport ............................. 22 Anenské naměstí ............ 98 Anežský klášter .............. 94 antiques ........................ 216 Archimboldo, Giuseppe ...54 architectural glossary ... 272 Arcibiskupský palác ....... 58 Armádní muzeum ......... 143 Army Museum .............. 143 arrival .............................. 22 arts ....................... 208–215 Assicurazione Generali... 114 Astronomical Clock ........ 89 Atelier Josefa Sudka ...... 75 ATMs............................... 36 B Baba ............................. 155 ballet ............................. 209 Bambino di Praga........... 74 Banka legií .................... 121 bars ...................... 197–202 Bartolomějská................. 96 Basilica of sv Jiří ............ 52 Baťa .............................. 114 Baťa, Tomáš ................. 114 beer .............................. 198 Belvedér ......................... 56 | absinthe ........................ 198 accommodation ...177–185 Beneš, Edvard .............. 239 Betlémská kaple ............. 96 bike rental ....................... 30 Bílá hora ....................... 157 Bílá hora, Battle of........ 234 Bílá labuť ...................... 122 Bílá věž ........................... 53 Bílek, František .........48, 57 and Art Nouveau Prague colour section Bílkova vila ..................... 57 black light theatre ......... 211 Bludiště .......................... 77 boats .............................. 29 Bohemian Chancellery ... 51 books ................... 252–258 bookshops.................... 217 Botanická zahrada ....... 130 Botanická zahrada (Fata Morgana) ................... 154 Botíč valley ................... 132 Brahe, Tycho .................. 58 Brahe, Tycho, tomb of .... 92 breakfast....................... 190 Brefeldský palác ............. 69 Brek .............................. 132 Břevnov ........................ 158 Břevnovský klášter ....... 158 Bull Staircase ................. 50 Buquoyský palác ............ 73 burčák............................. 32 bus stations in Prague ... 25 buses .............................. 28 buses to Prague ............. 21 INDE X A Savic ................................ 182 Savoy ............................... 179 Sax ................................... 180 Sir Toby’s Hostel .............. 185 Sokol ................................ 185 Sokol Troja campsite ....... 185 Travellers Hostel............... 185 Týn .................................... 185 U červeného lva ............... 180 U Karlova mostu .............. 181 U krále Karla .................... 179 U medvídků ...................... 182 U raka............................... 179 U šuterů ........................... 183 U tří bubnů ....................... 182 U zlaté studně .................. 181 U zlatého jelena ............... 182 U zlatého konička ............ 180 U zlatých nůžek................ 181 Unitas ............................... 182 Vesta ................................ 185 C Café Arco ..................... 121 Café Imperial ................ 121 Café Slavia ................... 125 cafés .................... 186–196 Albio ................................. 193 Archa ................................ 193 Arco .................................. 193 Au Gourmand................... 189 Bakeshop Praha .............. 189 Beas ................................. 189 Bohemia Bagel................. 188 Bohemia Bagel II.............. 189 Café 35 – Institut Français ...................................... 194 Café Orange ..................... 196 Café Savoy....................... 188 279 INDE X | Caféterapie....................... 194 Chez Marcel ..................... 189 Country Life ..................... 189 Cream & Dream ............... 189 Cukrkávalimonáda ........... 188 Dahab............................... 193 Dobrá čajovna .................. 193 Érra................................... 189 Globe................................ 194 Grand Café Orient............ 190 Grand Hotel Evropa ......... 193 Hájek ................................ 193 Havelská Koruna .............. 190 Imperial ............................ 193 Kaaba ............................... 195 Krásný ztráty .................... 190 Literární kavárna .............. 190 Louvre .............................. 194 Lucerna ............................ 193 Malý Buddha .................... 187 Marathon .......................... 194 Millhouse Sushi – Kaitan ... 193 Monmartre........................ 190 Nostress ........................... 192 Obecní dům ..................... 193 Paneria ............................. 192 Pekářství v Karmelitské.... 188 Rudolfinum ....................... 192 Shabu ............................... 195 Siva .................................. 190 Slavia................................ 195 St Tropez .......................... 195 Tramváj ............................. 193 U Bakaláře ....................... 190 U čarodějek ...................... 190 U Góvindy ........................ 193 U Mamadua ..................... 196 U sv Vojtěcha ................... 195 U zavěšenýho kafe........... 187 U zeleného čaje ............... 188 Velryba ............................. 195 campsites ..................... 185 Čapek, Josef ................ 259 Čapek, Karel ...................137, 253, 259 Čapek statue ................ 140 carbon offset schemes... 20 Carolinian Prague ......... 230 cathedral......................... 46 Celetná ........................... 93 cell phones ..................... 37 cemeteries Nový židovský hřbitov...... 142 Olšanské hřbitovy ............ 141 Starý židovský hřbitov ..... 104 Vojenský hřbitov ............... 142 Vyšehradský hřbitov......... 137 280 Černínský palác .............. 60 Černý, David... 69, 141, 147, 246 Čertovka ......................... 73 České muzeum hudby ... 74 changing of the guard .... 43 Chapel of sv Křiž ............ 45 Chapel of sv Roch .......... 62 Chapel of sv Václav ........ 48 Chapel of Všech svatých ..................................... 51 Charles IV ...............85, 230 Charles Bridge ........ 78–84 Charles Bridge ............... 83 Charles University .......... 95 children ........................... 33 Chochol, Josef ............. 139 Chotkovy sady ............... 57 Christmas ....................... 32 churches Betlémská kaple ................ 96 Chapel of sv Křiž................ 45 Chapel of sv Roch ............. 62 Chapel of sv Václav (St Vitus Cathedral) ....................... 48 Chapel of Všech svatých ... 51 Church of Narození Páně ... 61 Church of Nejsvětější Srdce Páně.............................. 140 Church of Panna Maria pod řetězem ........................... 73 Church of Panna Maria Sněžná .......................... 123 Church of Panna Maria Vítězná (Břevnov) .......... 158 Church of Panna Maria Vítězná (Malá Strana)...... 74 Church of sv Cyril and Metoděj......................... 127 Church of sv František z Assisi .............................. 84 Church of sv Havel ............ 95 Church of sv Ignác........... 127 Church of sv Jakub ............ 93 Church of sv Jan Křtitle Na Prádle ............................. 73 Church of sv Jan Nepomucký na skalce ...................... 130 Church of sv Jiljí ................ 97 Church of sv Kliment ......... 86 Church of sv Ludmila ....... 140 Church of sv Martin ve zdi ........................................ 96 Church of sv Mikuláš (Malá Strana) ............................ 68 Church of sv Mikuláš (Staré Město) ............................. 90 Church of sv Petr and Pavel ...................................... 136 Church of sv Salvátor ........ 85 Church of sv Tomáš ........... 71 Church of sv Václav (Smíchov) ...................................... 158 Church of sv Václav (Vršovice) ...................................... 140 Church of sv Vavřinec ........ 76 Church of sv Voršila ......... 124 Husův sbor ....................... 140 Na Karlově ....................... 132 Týn Church ......................... 91 Vlašská kaple ..................... 86 Zrcadlová kaple ................. 86 cinema .......................... 212 Císařská konírna............. 45 Clam-Gallasův palác ...... 87 classical music ............. 209 climate change ............... 20 clothes shops ............... 218 clubs .................... 203–207 coaches to Prague ......... 21 Communist coup .......... 242 consulates ...................... 34 Convent of St Agnes ...... 94 Convent of St George .... 52 costs ............................... 33 Counter-Reformation .... 234 credit cards .................... 36 crime............................... 33 crown jewels................... 49 Cubist architecture ....... 138 Cubist streetlamp ......... 123 cultural institutes .......... 210 currency.......................... 36 cycling ............................ 30 Czech Cubism Museum ..................................... 93 Czech cuisine ............... 186 Czech Music Museum.... 74 Czechoslovak Legion ... 237 D Daliborka ........................ 53 Dance Prague ................. 32 Dee, John ....................... 54 defenestration, first ...... 127 defenestration, second... 51 defenestration, third ....... 61 Dejvice .......................... 154 dentist............................. 35 department stores ........ 218 Destinnová, Ema .......... 138 Diamant ........................ 126 disabled travel ................ 38 discounts ........................ 34 Divadlo na Vinohradech ................................... 140 Divadlo na zábradlí ......... 98 drink ..................... 197–202 driving in Prague ............ 29 driving to Prague ............ 21 Dubček, Alexander ...... 115, 122, 243, 259 Dubrovský, Josef .......... 259 Dukla Praha .................. 222 dům Smiřických.............. 68 Dům U černé Matky boží ..................................... 93 Dům U kamenného zvonu ..................................... 91 Dům U minuty ................ 88 Dům U zlatého prstenů ...92 Dvořák, Antonín ...131, 137, 259 E Fata Morgana ............... 154 Faustův dům................. 127 Federal Assembly ......... 117 ferries.............................. 22 festivals .......................... 31 fiction .................... 252–258 film ................................ 212 film festival ..................... 31 First Republic ............... 238 flights .............................. 19 Folk Museum .................. 77 food ...................... 186–196 food stores ................... 219 football.......................... 224 Františkanská zahrada ... 123 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke ................................... 171 Fred and Ginger ........... 130 Fučik, Julius.................. 259 funicular railway.............. 76 G Galerie Roberta Guttmanna ................................... 107 Galerie Vyšehrad .......... 138 galleries ............... 213–215 gardens Botanická zahrada ........... 130 H Hába, Alois ..................... 75 Hanavský pavilón ......... 147 Hašek, Jaroslav ....255, 260 Havel, Václav.....43, 98, 115, 129, 132, 245, 253, 260 Havlíček-Borovský, Karel ................................... 260 health .............................. 35 Heydrich, Reinhard ........ 49, 128, 164, 240 High Synagogue ........... 103 history .................. 227–251 Hladová zeď ................... 76 Hlahol ........................... 129 Hlavná věž ...................... 50 Holešovice........... 144–152 Holešovice and Bubeneč ................................... 146 Holešovice and the western suburbs ....... 144 holidays, public .............. 37 | F gay and lesbian nightlife ................................... 206 George of Poděbrady ... 233 German Embassy ........... 69 glossary, architectural ... 272 glossary, Czech words and terms.......................... 272 glossary, food and drink ................................... 269 Gočár’s Church ............ 140 Golden Lane ................... 53 Golem, the .................... 101 Good King Wenceslas .... 49 Gottwald, Klement......... 91, 142, 143, 241, 259 Grand Hotel Evropa...... 115 Great Moravian Empire ................................... 228 Gutfreund, Otto .............. 74 gyms ............................. 224 Holocaust memorial ..... 104 horse racing.................. 223 hospital ........................... 35 hostels .......................... 184 Hotel Central ................ 120 Hotel International ........ 154 Hotel Jalta .................... 115 Hotel Juliš ..................... 114 hotels .................... 178–184 House at the Black Madonna ..................... 93 House of the Golden Key ..................................... 92 Hrabel, Bohumil ............ 260 Hradčanské naměstí ...... 58 Hradčany ................. 41–63 Hradčany.................. 42–43 Hradní stráž .................... 54 Hudebení pavilón ........... 55 Hunger Wall .................... 76 Hus Monument ............... 90 Hus, Jan .........96, 231, 260 Husák, Gustáv ......244, 260 Husova ........................... 97 Hussite Wars ................ 232 Husův sbor ................... 140 Hvězda ......................... 157 Hybernská .................... 120 INDE X Easter ............................. 31 Einstein, Albert ............... 91 electricity ........................ 34 Emauzy monastery ....... 130 embassies ...................... 34 emergencies ................... 34 Enlightenment .............. 235 Epiphany......................... 31 essentials........................ 33 Estates Theatre .............. 94 EU accession ............... 251 Eurotunnel ...................... 21 Evropa, Grand Hotel..... 115 Exhibition Grounds ....... 151 Botanická zahrada (Fata Morgana)....................... 154 Chotkovy sady ................... 57 Františkanská zahrada ..... 123 Jižní zahrady ...................... 55 Kolowratská zahrada ......... 71 Královská zahrada ............. 56 Ledeburská zahrada .......... 71 Malá Fürstenberská zahrada ........................................ 71 Rajská zahrada .................. 55 Valdštejnská zahrada ......... 70 Vojanovy sady .................... 72 Vrtbovská zahrada ............. 72 Zahrada na valech ............. 55 I ice hockey .................... 222 ice skating .................... 228 Imperial Mausoleum ....... 50 Imperial Stables.............. 45 information ..................... 38 Instituto Italiano di Cultura ..................................... 69 insurance, travel ............. 35 International Book Fair ... 32 internet ........................... 35 J Jakeš, Miloš ................. 245 Jalta, Hotel ................... 115 Jan Hus monument ........ 90 Jan Nepomucký, sv ........ 50 Janák’s Church ............. 140 Jaroslav Seifert ............. 141 jazz clubs...................... 205 Jazz Section ................. 245 Jesenská, Milena .......... 126 Jewish Cemetery, New ................................... 142 281 INDE X | Jewish ghetto (Prague) ............................. 99–111 Jewish ghetto (Terezín) ........................... 162–166 Jewish Museum ........... 103 Jewish Town Hall.......... 103 Jews in Prague ... 100–103 Ježek, Karoslav ............ 109 Jindříšská věž ............... 121 Jirásek, Alois ................ 260 Jiřský klášter .................. 52 Jižní zahrady................... 55 John of Nepomuk.....49, 84 Josefov .................. 99–111 Josefov ........................ 100 Joseph II ....................... 101 Jubilejní synagoga ........ 121 Jungmann, Josef .......... 260 Jungmannovo námeští ....................................123 K 282 Kafka, Franz .................. 53, 69, 72, 91, 106, 114, 121, 126, 142, 255, 260 Kafka exhibition ............ 106 Kafka Museum ............... 72 Kampa ............................ 73 Karlova ........................... 85 Karlovo náměstí............ 126 Karlštejn .............. 172–173 Karlštejn ....................... 172 Karlův most ............. 78–84 Karmelitská ..................... 72 Karolinum ....................... 95 Ke Karlovu .................... 130 Kelley, Edward ........................53, 54, 260 Kepler, Johannes ....87, 260 kids ................................. 33 kings, Bohemian ........... 229 Kisch, Egon Erwin ........ 260 Klaus, Václav ........249, 260 Klausová synagoga ...... 105 Klementinum .................. 86 Kohout, Pavel ................. 58 Komenský, Jan Amos.... 71, 260 Kongresové centrum Praha ................................... 132 Konopiště ..................... 170 králová cesta .................. 78 Královská zahrada .......... 56 Krannerova kašna........... 98 Krása, Hans .................. 164 Křižíkova fontána .......... 151 Křižovnické náměstí ....... 84 Kundera, Milan ............. 256 Kupka, František ............ 74 Kutná Hora .......... 166–170 Kutná Hora ................... 167 L language ............ 265—273 Lapidárium.................... 152 Laterna magika............. 123 laundry ............................ 35 Ledeburská zahrada ....... 71 left luggage ..................... 35 Lenin ............................. 121 Lennon, John.................. 73 Letenská ......................... 71 Letná............................. 145 Libuše ........................... 227 Lichtenštejnský palác ..... 65 Lidice ............................ 173 Lidový dům................... 120 Lobkovický palác (Hradčany) ................... 55 Lobkovický palác (Malá Strana) ......................... 69 Loos, Adolf ................... 155 Loreta ............................. 61 lost property ................... 35 Löw, Rabbi ................... 101 Ludmila, sv ..................... 52 Lunapark ...................... 151 Lví dvůr ........................... 56 M Mácha, Karel Hynek ...... 77, 138, 260 Mahler, Gustav ............. 117 mail ................................. 35 Maisel, Mordecai .......... 101 Maiselova synagoga..... 104 Malá Strana ............. 64–77 Malá Strana.............. 66–67 Malé náměstí .................. 87 Malostranská kavárna .... 65 Malostranské mostecké věže ............................. 79 Malostranské naměstí .... 65 Maltézské naměstí.......... 73 Mánes ........................... 129 maps............................... 36 Marathon ........................ 32 Mariánské náměstí ......... 87 markets......................... 219 Maroldovo panorama ................................... 151 Martinický palác ............. 60 Martinů, Bohuslav .......... 33 masakr, the ................... 124 Masaryk, Jan .................. 61 Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue (T.G.) ......43, 58, 238, 261 Masarykovo nábreží ..... 129 Masarykovo nádraží ..... 121 Masopust........................ 31 Master I.P. ....................... 94 Master of Třeboň ............ 94 Master Theodoric ........... 94 media .............................. 30 Melantrich ..................... 115 Mělník .......................... 161 Memorial to the Victims of Communism ................ 75 metro, the ....................... 27 metronome ................... 147 Michnův palác ................ 75 Míčovna .......................... 56 Military Cemetery ......... 142 mime ............................. 211 Minerva girls’ school .... 126 Ministry of Transport .... 122 mirror maze .................... 77 Mirrored Chapel.............. 86 Místodržitelský letohrádek ................................... 152 mobiles ........................... 37 money ............................. 36 Mořský svět .................. 151 Morzinský palác ............. 69 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus ...............................65, 95 Mucha, Alfons .......48, 119, 138, 261 and Art Nouveau Prague colour section Mucha Museum............ 118 Müller Haus .................. 155 Müllerova vila................ 155 Munich Crisis................ 239 Müntzer, Thomas ............ 97 Musaion .......................... 77 museums Armadní muzeum ............. 143 Atelier Josefa Sudka .......... 75 České muzeum hudby (Czech music museum) .............. 74 Jewish Museum ............... 103 Kafka exhibition ............... 106 Kafka Museum ................... 72 Mucha Museum ............... 118 Musaion ............................. 77 Museum Kampa................. 74 Museum of Decorative Arts ...................................... 108 Muzeum Bedřicha Smetany ........................................ 98 O Na Karlově church ........ 132 Na poříčí ....................... 121 Na příkopě .................... 118 Náměstí 14 října ........... 158 Náměstí Jana Palacha... 107 Náměstí Jiřího z Poděbrad ................................... 140 Náměstí Míru ................ 140 Naměstí Republiky ....... 119 Náprstkovo muzeum ...... 97 Národné technické muzeum ..................... 147 Národní banka .............. 118 Národní divadlo ............ 124 Národní galerie (Asian art) ..................................... 91 Národní galerie (Czech Baroque art) ................. 58 Národní galerie (European art) ............................... 59 Národní galerie (Medieval art) ............................... 94 Národní galerie (nineteenth and twentieth century) ................................... 148 Obecní dům .................. 119 Obřadní síň ................... 105 Obranná chodba ............ 53 Obrazárna Pražského hradu ........................... 45 Observatory .................... 77 Old Jewish Cemetery ... 104 Old Royal Palace ............ 51 Old Town Hall ................. 88 Old Town Square ......88–91 Old-New Synagogue .... 103 Olšanské hřbitovy ......... 141 opening hours ................ 36 opera ............................ 209 Opletal, Jan ... 116, 138, 240 Otakar, the lion ............... 54 Ovocný trh ...................... 94 P Pacassi, Nicolò ............... 43 Palác Adria ................... 123 Palác Kinských ............... 91 | N Palác Koruna ................ 114 Palác Lucerna .............. 115 palace gardens ............... 71 Palach, Jan ...116, 142, 244 Palackého náměstí ....... 130 Palacký, František ...................130, 235, 261 Palacký Monument....... 130 Památník Jaroslava Ježeka ................................... 109 Památník národního písemnictví .................. 63 Pan-Slav Congress....... 236 papers ............................ 30 Paradise Garden............. 55 Pařížská .......................... 99 parking............................ 30 Parler, Peter .................... 47 Parliament (Sněmovna) ..................................... 68 pasáže .......................... 115 Pedagogické muzeum.... 71 pensions ............... 178–184 Peterkův dům ............... 114 Petřín ............................. 76 pharmacies ..................... 35 phones............................ 36 photographic galleries ................................... 215 pink tank ....................... 246 Pinkasova synagoga .... 104 Planetárium .................. 151 Plastic People of the Universe..................... 245 Plečnik, Josip ................. 46 poetry ........................... 257 pojišťovna Praha .......... 124 Police Museum ............. 132 Popmuseum ................. 158 postal districts .............. 178 postal districts ............. 179 Postal Museum ............ 122 Poštovní muzeum ......... 122 Powder Bridge ............... 56 Prague Castle ......... 41–57 Prague Castle .......... 44–45 Prague Castle Picture Gallery ......................... 45 Prague Museum ........... 122 Prague Spring .............. 244 Prague Spring Festival ..................................... 32 Prague stock exchange ................................... 117 Prague Uprising............ 240 Praha hlavní nádraží ..... 117 Prašná brána ................ 119 Prašná věž ...................... 54 Prášný most ................... 56 INDE X music, rock and pop .... 203 music shops ................. 220 Můstek .......................... 114 Národní knihovna ........... 86 Národní muzeum .......... 116 národní obrození........... 235 Národní památník ......... 143 Národní třída................. 124 Národní zemědělské museum ..................... 147 National Literary Monument ..................................... 63 National Museum ......... 116 National Revival ............ 235 National Theatre ........... 124 Němcová, Božena ...........................261, 137 Nepomuk, John of....49, 84 Neruda, Jan ............68, 261 Nerudova ........................ 68 newspapers .................... 30 night trams ..................... 28 Norbert, sv...................... 62 normalization ................ 244 Nová radnice .................. 87 Nová scéna .................. 125 Nové Město ......... 110–132 Nové Město ......... 112–113 Novoměstská radnice ...126 Novotný, Antonín .......... 243 Nový Svět ....................... 60 Nový židovský hřbitov ... 142 Muzeum českého kubismu (Czech cubism) ............... 93 Muzeum hraček (toy museum) ........................................ 54 Muzeum hracíh strojů (mechanical musical instruments) .................... 60 Muzeum Karlova mostu (Charles Bridge) .............. 84 Muzeum komunismu (Communism) ............... 118 Muzeum MHD (Transport) ...................................... 155 Muzeum miniatur ............... 63 Muzeum Policie ČR ......... 132 Muzeum Prahy (Prague)... 122 Náprstkovo muzeum .......... 97 Národné technické museum (National Technical)....... 147 Národní muzeum (National Museum) ....................... 118 Národní zemědělské museum (National Agricultural) ... 147 Památník Jaroslava Ježeka ...................................... 109 Pedagogické muzeum ....... 71 Popmuseum ..................... 158 Poštovní muzeum (Postal) ...................................... 122 UPM ................................. 110 283 INDE X | 284 Pražské Jezulátko .......... 74 Pražský hrad ........... 41–57 Přemysl ......................... 227 Přemyslid dynasty ........ 228 Princip, Gavrilo ............. 165 Průmyslový palác ......... 151 public holidays ............... 37 public transport .............. 25 pubs ...197–202 and Czech beer colour section Akropolis .......................... 201 American Bar ................... 200 Baránická rychta .............. 198 Barock .............................. 200 Billard Centrum ................ 200 Blatnička .......................... 199 Branický sklípek ............... 200 Bredovský dvůr ................ 200 Demínka ........................... 201 Fraktal .............................. 201 Hapu ................................ 201 Hospoda na verandách ...................................... 202 Jo’s Bar ............................ 199 Klašterní pivovar .............. 198 Klášterní šenk .................. 201 Kolkovna .......................... 200 Kozička ............................ 199 Latin Art Café ................... 199 Le Tram ............................ 202 Letenský zámeček ........... 202 Lokalblok.......................... 202 Molly Malone’s ................. 199 Mu kafé ............................ 201 Na staré kovárně v Braníku ...................................... 202 Novoměstský pivovar ...... 200 Pastička ........................... 201 Pivovarský dům ............... 200 Potrefená husa ................. 200 Riegrovy sady .................. 201 St Nicholas Café .............. 199 Tato kojkej ........................ 199 Tretter’s ............................ 200 U bubeničků..................... 201 U buldoka......................... 202 U Bulovky ......................... 202 U černého vola................. 198 U Fleků ............................. 201 U havrana ......................... 201 U houbaře ........................ 202 U Houdků ......................... 201 U hrocha .......................... 199 U kocoura ........................ 199 U kroka............................. 201 U kruhu ............................ 201 U malého Glena ............... 199 U medvídků ...................... 199 U Pinkásů ......................... 201 U Rudolfina ...................... 199 U růžového sadu .............. 201 U Vejvodů ......................... 199 U zlatého tygra................. 200 Zlatá hvězda..................... 201 Zvonařka .......................... 201 Puppet Festival............... 32 puppet theatre .............. 211 Purkyně, Jan Evangelista ................................... 261 R radio stations .................. 31 Rajská zahrada ............... 55 Rašínova nábreží .......... 129 Reformation in Bohemia ................................... 231 Respect Festival ............. 32 restaurants .......... 186–196 Ariana ............................... 190 Bar Bar ............................. 188 Bellevue............................ 191 Café de Paris ................... 188 Céleste ............................. 195 Cicala ............................... 195 Červená tabulka ............... 193 Činská restaurace po sečuánsku..................... 195 David ................................ 188 Dinitz ................................ 192 Divinis............................... 191 Dynamo ............................ 195 Efes .................................. 196 Francouská restaurace .... 194 Hanavský pavilón ............. 196 Hergetová cihelna ............ 188 Hybernia ........................... 194 Kabul ................................ 191 Kampa Park ..................... 188 King Solomon .................. 192 Kogo................................. 191 La Creperie ...................... 196 La Dégustation Bohême Bourgeoise.................... 191 La Finestra ....................... 191 Le Café Colonial .............. 192 Lehká hlava ...................... 191 Lemon Leaf ...................... 195 Les Moules....................... 192 Lokál ................................ 191 Mailsi ................................ 196 Maitrea ............................. 192 Masala.............................. 196 Mirellie .............................. 196 Mlýnec.............................. 192 Modrý zub ........................ 194 Nebozízek ........................ 188 Noi .................................... 189 Orange Moon ................... 192 Palffý palác ...................... 189 Pizzeria Kmotra ................ 195 Pizzeria Nuova ................. 194 Pizzeria Rugantino ........... 192 Plzeňská restaurace ......... 194 Posezení u Čiriny ............. 195 Pravda .............................. 192 Rybářský klub .................. 189 Siam Orchid ..................... 194 Století ............................... 192 Střelecký ostrov ............... 195 Sushi Bar.......................... 196 Svatá Klara ....................... 196 U císařů ............................ 187 U malé velryby ................. 189 U sádlů ............................. 194 U sedmi Švábů ................ 189 U ševce Matouše ............. 188 V zátiší .............................. 192 Villa Richter ...................... 188 Zahrada v opeře............... 194 Žofín Garden .................... 195 Zvonice ............................ 194 restitution...................... 249 Riders’ Staircase ............ 51 Rieger, Ladislav ............ 261 Rilke, Rainer Maria ....... 261 Roma Festival ................. 32 Romanies ..................... 250 Rondo-Cubist architecture ................................... 139 Rott Haus ....................... 87 Royal Crypt..................... 50 Royal Gardens ................ 56 Royal Oratory ................. 50 Rozhledna....................... 76 Rožmberský palác .......... 55 Rudolf II ..................54, 235 Rudolfinum ................... 107 Rudolfova galerie ........... 44 Růžový sad ..................... 77 Ruzyně airport ................ 22 S Saint Barbara’s Day........ 32 St Nicholas’s Eve............ 33 St Vitus Cathedral .......... 46 Salmovský palác ............ 58 Santa Casa ..................... 61 Šárka ............................ 156 saunas .......................... 224 Schönbornský palác ...... 69 Schwarzenbergský palác (Hradčany) ................... 58 Second Republic .......... 239 Sedlec .......................... 169 Seifert, Jaroslav ......53, 257 Senát .............................. 70 Senovážné náměstí ...... 121 shops ................... 216–220 Academia ......................... 217 Ahasver ............................ 218 Anagram........................... 217 Antique Musical Instruments ...................................... 216 Art Deco ........................... 216 Arzenal ............................. 216 Au Gourmand................... 219 Bakeshop Praha .............. 219 Jubilejní ............................ 121 Klausová .......................... 105 Maiselova ......................... 104 Pinkasova......................... 104 Španělská ........................ 105 Staronová ......................... 103 Vysoká.............................. 103 theatre ......................... 211 Third Republic .............. 241 Thirty Years’ War .......... 234 Thun-Hohenštejnský palác ..................................... 69 time................................. 37 tipping ............................ 38 Tomb of the Unknown Soviet Soldier ............ 143 Topičův dům ................. 124 tourist information .......... 38 Toy Museum ................... 54 toy shops ...................... 220 Trade Fair Palace ........................... 148–151 train stations in Prague ...25 trains ............................... 28 trains to Prague .............. 20 trams .............................. 27 transport, public ............. 25 Transport Museum ....... 155 travel agents ................... 20 Troja .............................. 153 Trojský zámek ............... 153 Tržiště ............................. 69 TV stations...................... 31 Tycho Brahe ................. 261 Tyl, Josef Kajetán ......... 261 Týn .................................. 92 Týn church ...................... 91 | show trials .................... 242 Škvorecký, Josef .......... 256 Slavín Monument ......... 138 slivovice ........................ 198 Slovak crisis ................. 249 Slovanský ostrov .......... 129 Smetana Museum .......... 98 Smetanova síň .............. 120 Smetena, Bedřich...137, 261 Smíchov ............... 158–159 Smíchov ....................... 159 Sněmovna ...................... 68 soccer ........................... 224 Sokol .............................. 75 South Gardens ............... 55 Španělská synagoga .... 105 Španělský sál ................. 44 Spanish Hall ................... 44 Spanish synagogue ...... 105 Spartakiáda .................... 75 sports................... 221–224 Stalin Monument .......... 147 Staré Město ........... 78—98 Staré Město ............. 80–81 Staroměstská mostecká věž ............................... 84 Staroměstská radnice ..................................... 88 Staroměstské náměstí ............................. 88—91 Staronová synagoga .... 103 Starý královský palác ... 51 Starý židovský hřbitov...104 Státní opera .................. 117 Stavovské divadlo .......... 94 Štefánikova hvězdárna ... 77 Steiner, Rudolf ................ 91 Šternberský palác .......... 59 Štorchův dům ................. 91 Story of Prague Castle ... 52 Strahovská obrazárna .... 63 Strahovský klášter .......... 62 Střelecký ostrov............ 129 Stromovka .................... 152 Sudek, Josef .................. 75 Sudeten German Party ................................... 239 Švankmajer, Jan ............. 60 Švejk, Good Soldier ..... 131 Svoboda, Ludvík .......... 261 swimming ..................... 224 synagogues INDE X Baťa.................................. 218 Big Ben Bookshop ........... 217 Blatniče ............................ 219 Bontonland....................... 220 Botanicus ......................... 218 Bric a Brac ....................... 216 Celetná ............................. 217 Cellarius ........................... 219 Centrum Fotoškoda ......... 220 Chez Parisienne ............... 218 Country Life ..................... 219 Cream & Dream ............... 219 Culinaria ........................... 219 Eduard Čapek bazar ........ 217 Elima ................................ 217 Faux Pas .......................... 218 Fraktály ............................ 218 Galerie piva ...................... 219 Globe, The ....................... 218 Granát Turnov .................. 217 Havleská market .............. 219 Hry a hlavolamy ............... 220 Hudební nástroje .............. 220 Jan Pazdera ..................... 220 Jarmark lahůdky .............. 219 Judaica............................. 218 Kant .................................. 218 Kanzelsberger .................. 218 Koruna Pralines ................ 219 Kotva ................................ 218 Kubista ............................. 217 La Bretagne...................... 219 Le Patio ............................ 217 Manufaktura ..................... 217 Marionety ......................... 217 Maximum Underground ... 220 Modernista ....................... 217 Modes Robes................... 219 Monarch ........................... 219 Moser ............................... 217 MPM................................. 220 Music antikvariát .............. 220 Mý národní ....................... 218 Palladium ......................... 218 Pivní galerie ...................... 219 Pohodlí ............................. 220 Quasimodo Vintage Fashion ...................................... 219 Shakespeare a synové ..... 218 Sparky’s ........................... 220 Sparta Praha .................... 220 Truhlář marionety ............. 220 U Sherlocka Holmese ...... 220 Včelarské potřeby ............ 220 Vetešnictví ........................ 217 U U bílého jednorožce ....... 91 U Dörfleů ...................... 118 U hybernů ..................... 120 U kalicha....................... 131 U Nováků...................... 125 U svatého Tomáše.......... 71 U zlaté koruny ................ 87 U zlaté studné ................ 87 U zlatého hada ............... 86 Uhelný trh ....................... 95 Ungelt ............................. 92 UPM ............................. 108 US Embassy ................... 69 Ůvoz ............................... 68 T Tančící dům .................. 130 Tanec Praha.................... 32 taxis ................................ 29 tennis ............................ 223 Terezín ................. 162–166 Terezín .......................... 163 Těšnov .......................... 122 V Václav, sv ........................ 49 Vaclavské náměstí ........................... 111–116 Valdštejnská jízdárna ...... 71 Valdštejnská zahrada ..... 70 285 INDE X | 286 Valdštejnský palác .......... 70 vegetarian food ............ 191 Veletržní palác .... 148–151 Velkopřevorské naměstí ..................................... 73 Velvet Revolution .......... 245 Vila Amerika .................. 131 Vinohrady ............ 139–141 Vinohrady ............. 134–135 visas ............................... 34 Vítkov, Battle of ............ 142 Vitus, St .......................... 47 Vladislavský sál .............. 51 Vlasov, Andrei ............... 246 Vlašská ........................... 69 Vlašská kaple ................. 86 Vodičkova ..................... 125 Vojanovy sady ................ 72 Vojenský hřbitov ........... 142 Vok, Petr ......................... 58 Vrtbovská zahrada.......... 72 Vyšehrad .............. 133–143 Vyšehrad ...................... 136 Vyšehrad and the eastern suburbs ........... 134—135 Vyšehradská ................. 130 Vyšehradský hřbitov ..... 137 Vysoká synagoga ......... 103 Výstaviště ..................... 151 Výtoň ............................ 130 W Waldstein, Albrecht von ..................................... 70 websites on Prague........ 38 Wenceslas, Good King ... 49 Wenceslas Monument ................................... 115 Wenceslas Square ........................... 111–116 Wenceslas Square ....... 111 Werfel, Franz ................ 261 Wilsonova ..................... 117 wine .............................. 197 wooden church............... 77 Y youth hostels ................ 184 Z Zahrada na valech .......... 55 Zahradní dům ................. 56 Zajíc, Jan ...................... 116 Zeman, Miloš ................ 261 Zeyer, Julius ................... 57 Židovská radnice .......... 103 Živnostenka banka ....... 118 Žižka, Jan .............232, 261 Žižkov .................. 141–143 Žižkov Hill ..................... 142 Žižkov monument ......... 143 Žižkov TV Tower ........... 141 Zlatá brána ..................... 50 Zlatá ulička ..................... 53 Zlatý Anděl ................... 158 Žofín ............................. 129 Zoo ............................... 153 Zoubek, Olbram ............. 75 Zpívající fontána ............. 57 Zrcadlová kaple .............. 86 INDE X | 287 Map symbols maps are listed in the full index using coloured text MAP S Y M BOL S |  288 *OHW[LYKP]PZPVUIV\UKHY` :[H[\L 9VHK 0UMVYTH[PVUVMMPJL 7HZZHNL^H` 7VZ[VMMPJL :[LWZ 4L[YVZ[H[PVU ;\UULS (PYWVY[ 7H[O /V[LS ;YHTSPUL :`UHNVN\L 9HPS^H` )\PSKPUN -LYY`YV\[L :[HKP\T >H[LY^H` *O\YJO >HSS *OYPZ[PHUJLTL[LY` -\UPJ\SHY 1L^PZOJLTL[LY` 4V\U[HPUWLHR 7HYR Fata Morgana AV POD H Trojský zámek NK PRAGUE OU N A D KA ZANK OU T RO J S K Á L VH Á P O DBA B S K Á River Vlta va PrahaHolešovice VRBENSKÉ PO SK Á JASE L Í Í TRŽN VELE Y HOR MILAD Národní Technické Muzeum ÁKOVÉ Letenske sady KŘIŽO VNIC KÁ MŮSTEK Slovanský ostrov (Slav Island) Á DIČ KO VA VODIČK OVA L VYŠEHRAD va sv Petr & Pavel ČIKLOVA KONĚVOVA PR OK OP OV A JIŘÍHO Z VINOHRADY PODĚBRAD Janák’s Church NÁMĚSTI MÍRU Havličkovy sady NUSELSKÝ MOST S NA Botič Valley J AROMÍROVA .

Apocalypse Never: Why Environmental Alarmism Hurts Us All
by Michael Shellenberger
Published 28 Jun 2020

They would never give up their ‘toys.’ ”122 But it’s inconceivable the celebrities didn’t realize they were behaving hypocritically. It’s common knowledge that flying by jet results in significant carbon emissions. Indeed, the celebrities implicitly acknowledged their guilt. Elton John bought carbon offsets to supposedly cancel out Harry and Meghan’s emissions, while a spokesperson for Thunberg acknowledged, “It would have been less greenhouse gas emissions if we had not made this departure.”123 One explanation for the tone-deaf hypocrisy of celebrities who moralize about climate change while jetting around the globe is that they aren’t being tone deaf at all.

…

See also Amazon rainforest after Amazon alarmism, 42–44 author’s work in, 29–30, 33–35 deforestation in, 28–32, 34, 35, 38–42, 303n economic development, 32–33, 34–35, 38–41, 42–43, 226, 227 “greening” of, 32–33 land use, 42–43, 130, 306n sea turtle deaths, 47, 58 sugarcane ethanol, 193 Brazil Forest Code, 38–39, 40 Briscoe, John, 225–26, 228, 229, 244–45 British Medical Journal, 140 British Petroleum, 82 Brower, David, 165, 205, 237 Brown, Edmund “Pat,” 211–12 Brown, Jerry, 209–13, 215–17 Brown, Kathleen, 212, 215 Browne, Jackson, 209 Bruckner, Pascal, 266 Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 227 Brune, Michael, 202, 207–9, 220, 368n Buffett, Howard, 70, 71, 83 Buffett, Warren, 70 Bündchen, Gisele, 31–32, 33, 37, 38 Burger King, 28–29, 87 Bushmeat, 141–42 Bustamante, Carlos, 212–13 Buttigieg, Pete, 201–2 Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, 73, 74 Byrd, Robert, 123 Caldeira, Ken, 4 California Brown’s dirty war, 209–13, 215–17 nuclear energy opposition, 161–62, 209–13, 217, 219, 241–42, 284 plastic bag ban, 60 renewable energy, 179–80, 184, 188, 189, 195, 197 California Air Resources Board, 210, 212 California Energy Commission, 210, 212, 217 California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), 215–17 California wildfires, 2, 5, 19–20, 21, 37 Calvinism, 270 Cameroon, 75, 79 Cancer, 117, 133, 148, 250, 251 Cap-and-trade, 205, 219, 258, 259 Carbon emissions, 2, 4, 5–6, 26, 30, 33, 60, 119, 154, 198, 254 bioenergy and, 192–93, 197 energy density and, 99, 101–2 food and, 120, 128, 130 France vs. Germany, 151–52 Carbon emissions trading (cap-and-trade), 205, 219, 258, 259 Carbon offsets, 247 Carbon tax, 13, 206 Carson, Johnny, 237, 243 Carter, Jimmy, 123, 166, 240 Cato Institute, 206 Cattle. See Beef cattle Cavanagh, Ralph, 205 Celebrity hypocrisy, 27, 222–24, 246–47 Celluloid, 54–55 Center for American Progress (CAP), 203, 206, 258, 259 Center for Public Integrity, 214 Cerrado, 39, 42, 43 Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee (report), 251, 252, 256 Charcoal, 68, 69–70, 76–77, 81 Chernobyl (TV show), 149–50, 171 Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 145, 147, 148–50, 168, 171 Chernobyl radiation, 149–50, 168 Chernobyl Tissue Bank, 147, 149 Chicago World’s Fair, 280–81 Chicken consumption, 126, 129, 143–44 Chicken production, 129, 130, 137 China Banqiao Dam accident, 150 electronic waste, 189–90 energy consumption, 224 intellectual property theft, 96 plastic waste, 48, 49, 64 solar recycling, 189–90 tree planting, 32 China Syndrome, The (film), 164–65, 209 Chopra, Priyanka, 222 Churchill, Winston, 159, 232–33 Cigarette smoking, 148, 250, 251 Clean energy.

The Rough Guide to Brussels 4 (Rough Guide Travel Guides)
by Dunford, Martin.; Lee, Phil; Summer, Suzy.; Dal Molin, Loik
Published 26 Jul 2010

But we also believe in travelling responsibly, which includes giving thought to how often we fly and what we can do to redress any harm that our trips may create. We can travel less or simply reduce the amount we travel by air (taking fewer trips and staying longer, or taking the train if there is one); we can avoid night flights (which are more damaging); and we can make the trips we do take “climate neutral” via a carbon offset scheme. Offset schemes run by climatecare.org, carbonneutral .com and others allow you to “neutralize” the greenhouse gases that you are responsible for releasing. Their websites have simple calculators that let you work out the impact of any flight – as does our own. Once that’s done, you can pay to fund projects that will reduce future emissions by an equivalent amount.

…

A INDEX | Abbaye de la Cambre ................................... 101 Académies, Palais des ... 86 accommodation ............181–189, see also B&Bs, hotels and hostels Afrique Centrale, Musée Royal de l’.................. 132 airlines ............................ 21 airport, Brussels ............. 23 airport, Charleroi............. 23 Albertine, place de l’ ...... 75 Alechinsky, Pierre .............................85, 270 Ambiorix, square .......... 113 Anderlecht........... 119–121 Anderlecht, RSC........... 234 Anneessens, La Tour ...... 65 antiques........................ 223 antiques fair.................. 246 Antoine Dansaert, rue..... 53 Antwerp ............... 149–157 Antwerp........................ 150 Aqualibi theme park ..... 240 ARAU tours..................... 26 Arboretum Géographique ................................... 133 Archimède, rue ............. 113 architectural terms, glossary ..................... 285 arrival.............................. 23 art terms, glossary........ 285 Art Nouveau ...... 6, 96–100, 105, 115, 117 art, Belgian.......... 265–270 arts, performing.... 217–220 athletics ........................ 232 ATMs............................... 31 Atomium ....................... 127 Autoworld ..................... 116 Autrique, Maison .......... 124 B B&Bs .................... 187–188 296 L’Art de la Fugue.............. 187 Chambres en Ville ............ 187 Ursule la Libellule............. 188 Bande Dessinée, Centre Belge de la ....14, 59, 240 Bande Dessinée, Maison de la............................. 57 banks.............................. 32 Barricades, place des .... 87 bars .......206–211, see also Belgian beer colour insert L’Amour Fou..................... 209 Ane Fou............................ 211 Bar Parallèle..................... 209 La Bécasse ...................... 206 Le Belgica ........................ 244 Belladone ......................... 210 Au Bon Vieux Temps........ 206 Le Boys Boudoir .............. 244 Brasserie Verschueren ..... 210 La Brocante...................... 208 La Brouette ...................... 206 Café des Spores .............. 210 Café Fontainas................. 206 Café Métropole ................ 208 Le Cercle des Voyagers ... 206 Chaff................................. 209 Chez Bernard ................... 211 Chez Maman.................... 245 Chez Moeder Lambic ...... 210 Dolle Mol .......................... 206 Le Duquesnoy.................. 245 La Fleur en Papier Doré... 209 La Galia ............................ 211 Le Greenwich ................... 207 Groupil Le Fol .................. 206 Hairy Canary .................... 211 L’Homo Erectus ............... 245 A l’Imaige de Nostre-Dame ...................................... 206 Le Java............................. 208 Kafka ................................ 208 Kitty O’Shea’s .................. 211 La Maison du Peuple ....... 210 Mappa Mundo ................. 208 El Metteko........................ 206 Monk ................................ 208 A La Mort Subite.............. 208 Ommegang ...................... 207 O’Reilly’s .......................... 207 Le Pantin .......................... 210 Plattesteen ....................... 207 Poechenellekelder............ 209 La Porte Noire.................. 209 La Porteuse d’Eau ........... 210 Les Postiers ..................... 208 Le Pullman ....................... 211 Recyclart .......................... 209 Le Roi d’Espagne............. 207 Roxi .................................. 210 Les Salons de l’Atalaïde.... 210 Au Soleil ........................... 207 Supra Bailly...................... 210 La Terrasse....................... 211 The Bank.......................... 210 The Flat ............................ 209 Toone ............................... 207 De Ultième Hallucinatie.... 209 Walvis............................... 208 Zebra................................ 208 bars, gay & lesbian ........................... 244–245 Basilique du Sacré Coeur ................................... 122 Beaux Arts, Musées Royaux des........... 78–85 Beaux-Arts d’Ixelles, Musée des............................. 104 Beaux-Arts, Marolles, Musées Royaux des.... 67 beer, Belgian see Belgian beer colour insert Béguinage, Anderlecht ................................... 120 Belgian Congo.............. 132 Belgian Grand Prix ....... 236 Belgium, northern ........ 140 Belgium’s kings ............ 258 Belliard, rue .................. 112 Belvue, Musée................ 86 Berlaymont, Centre ...... 112 Beursschouwburg ........ 214 BHV problem ................ 263 bilingual signs................. 23 Blindes, square des........ 55 Bois de la Cambre ...........................101, 241 books ................... 271–274 bookshops.................... 224 Bosch, Hieronymus .....................80, 121, 266 Botanique, Le .........60, 216 Bouchers, rue des .......... 57 Bourse ............................ 52 Bourse, place de la ........ 53 Bouts, Albert ................ 101 Bouts, Dieric...........79, 265 Bozar ......75, 216, 218, 220 Braine-l’Alleud train station ................................... 135 Brasserie, Musée de la ..................................... 45 Brel, Jacques.................. 64 Brontë, Charlotte and Emily ..................................... 75 Broodthaers, Marcel...... 85, 104, 270 Brouckère, place de ....... 58 Brouwer, Adriaen .......... 268 Bruegel, Jan ................. 266 Bruegel, Pieter the Elder .................65, 67, 81, 266 Bruegel, Pieter the Younger ................................... 266 Bruges ................. 170–178 Bruges .......................... 171 Bruparck....................... 128 Brussels Card................. 34 Brusselse Sproek ........... 65 Bruxella 1238 ................. 53 Bulletin, The.................... 34 Buls, Charles ............57, 61 buses.............................. 23 C Cacao et du Chocolat, Musée du..................... 45 cafés .................... 202–205 Arcadi............................... 203 L’Arrière Cuisine............... 202 Artipasta........................... 203 BHV.................................. 204 Café Belga ....................... 204 Café Vaudeville ................ 202 Chez Martin...................... 205 Le Cirio............................. 203 Comptoir Florian .............. 204 Comus & Gasterea........... 203 Côté Soleil........................ 203 Crêperie L’Herbaudière .... 204 Les Deux Paons............... 204 Eetcafé de Markten.......... 203 L’Epicerie.......................... 204 L’Express Quality ............. 202 Le Falstaff ........................ 202 Friterie Flagey .................. 204 Het Warm Water............... 203 Jeux de Bols .................... 203 Kafeneio ........................... 205 Maison Antoine ................ 205 Mi Figue-Mi Raisin ........... 205 Le Midi Cinquante............ 205 Noordzee.......................... 203 Novo................................. 203 D dance............................ 218 David, Gerard .....................80, 121, 266 David, Jacques-Louis.... 83, 268 Defacqz, rue ................... 99 Delvaux, Laurent .......... 268 Delvaux, Paul.........83, 104, 269 Delville, Jean ................ 269 Dieweg cemetery.......... 130 disabilities, travellers with ..................................... 28 driving to Brussels from the UK................................ 21 Dubois, Maison and Atelier ..................................... 96 Dutroux, Marc............... 263 Dyck, Anthony van .............................82, 267 | Butte de Lion, Waterloo ................................... 138 Buuren, Musée David et Alice van .................... 130 Byron, Lord..................... 86 Caillou, Le..................... 139 Cantillon brewery ......... 121 car from the UK, travelling by................................. 21 car hire............................ 25 carbon offset schemes... 20 Casement, Roger ......... 272 cathedral............. 13, 69–74 Cauchie, Maison........... 117 cellphones ...................... 32 Centre Belge de la Bande Dessinée ........14, 59, 240 Centre Berlaymont ....... 112 centre Monnaie............... 58 Charlemagne building ................................... 113 Charles de Lorraine, Palais de................................. 76 Charles II of Spain ... 43, 256 Charlier, Musée............... 87 Château Royal.............. 125 Châtelain, place du ........ 98 chemists ......................... 30 children’s attractions ........................... 239–242 chocolate.......225, see also Belgian food colour insert Cimitière de Laeken ..... 125 Cimitière Dieweg .......... 130 cinema.................. 220–221 Cinema, Musée du .............................75, 221 Cinquantenaire, Le ........................... 114–117 City Kart ....................... 239 classical music ............. 219 Claus, Emile.................... 84 Claus, Hugo..........264, 274 climate ............................ 11 climate change ............... 20 clubs..................... 212–215 clubs, gay & lesbian ........................... 244–245 Cockerill, John.............. 107 Colonne du Congrès ...... 88 comedy......................... 218 comic-book shops ....... 224 Comic Strip Centre, Belgian .......................14, 59, 240 comic strips....9, 57, 63, 67 Congo, Belgian............. 132 consulates, Belgian ........ 29 costs............................... 28 Costume et de la Dentelle, Musée de..................... 62 Coudenburg, Palais........ 86 Cranach, Lucas .............. 80 credit cards .................... 31 crime............................... 28 currency exchange......... 31 cycling ....................26, 233 INDEX to Brussels from the UK ........................................ 21 around the city ................... 25 international bus station ........................................ 24 tours ................................... 26 Orangerie du Parc d’Egmont ...................................... 204 Le Pain Quotidien ............ 204 Passiflore.......................... 204 Le Perroquet .................... 204 Le Petit Village ................. 205 Senne ............................... 202 SiSiSi................................ 205 Sucré Salé........................ 205 Tartisan............................. 205 The Coffee Shop.............. 204 Le Thé au Harem d’Archi Ahmed .......................... 205 L’Ultime Atome ................ 205 El Vergel ........................... 205 E eating and drinking ............190–211, see also Belgian food colour insert Eetvelde, Hôtel van ...... 113 Egmont & Hoorn.....88, 255 Egmont, Palais d’ ........... 88 Egouts, Musée des ........ 68 EHIC ............................... 30 electricity ........................ 29 email ............................... 31 embassies in Brussels.... 29 embassies, Belgian ........ 29 emergency numbers .... 30 Enfants, Musée des...... 240 297 Ensor, James ..........85, 269 entry requirements ......... 29 Erasme, Maison d’ ....... 120 Erasmus, Desiderius.... 121, 254 Espagne, place d’ .......... 57 étangs d’Ixelles ............ 105 EU, the.......................... 109 EU Parliament building ................................... 107 EU Quarter .......... 106–117 EU Quarter ........... 110–111 Eugène Flagey, place ................................... 105 Euro, the ......................... 31 Eurostar ....................20, 22 Eurotunnel ................21, 23 exchange, currency ............................... 31–32 Extrême-Orient, Musées d’ ................................... 126 Eyck, Jan van ............... 265 INDEX | F Faider, rue....................... 99 fashion stores .........53, 227 Ferme du Parc-Maximilien ................................... 241 Fernand Cocq, place.... 103 festivals ............... 246–250 Fine Art Museum, Royal ......................... 13, 78–85 Flandre, rue du ............... 54 Flemish glossary........... 284 flights from Australia..................... 20 from Canada ...................... 19 from Ireland........................ 19 from New Zealand ............. 20 from South Africa............... 20 from the UK........................ 19 from the USA ..................... 19 online booking ................... 21 298 Fondation Jacques Brel ..................................... 64 Fondation Raymond Leblanc ........................ 67 food, see Belgian food colour insert football.......................... 234 Forest ........................... 129 Forêt de Soignes .......... 131 Formula One................. 236 French language ........................... 277–283 French menu reader ........................... 280–282 frites see Belgian food colour insert Fuse, The...................... 213 G Galerie d’Ixelles ............ 103 Galerie Ravenstein ......... 74 Galeries St-Hubert ......... 57 gardens, national, Meise ................................... 129 Gare du Midi district....... 67 gay Brussels ....... 243–245 gay travellers .................. 29 Germaine, Villa ............. 113 Ghent ................... 161–170 Ghent ........................... 162 Ghent Cathedral ............. 16 glossaries, art & architectural terms ......... 283–285 Goes, Hugo van der ..... 265 go-karting ..................... 236 golf................................ 236 Gossart, Jan ................. 266 Grand Magasin Waucquez ..................................... 59 Grand Prix, Belgian ...... 236 Grand Sablon, place du ...............................15, 89 Grand-Place ...... 12, 39–49 Grand-Place................... 40 Groux, Charles de .......... 84 Gueuze, Musée Bruxellois de la.....................13, 121 guided tours ................... 26 guildhouses, Grand-Place ..................................... 43 gyms............................. 237 H Halles St-Géry ................ 53 Hals, Frans ..................... 82 Hankar, Paul ................... 99 Hannon, Hôtel ................ 93 health services ............... 29 Helmont, Jean-Baptiste van ..................................... 53 Hergé ......................59, 130 Herman, Charles .......... 104 Heysel........................... 127 Heysel stadium............. 128 Heysel stadium disaster ................................... 234 Heysel, Laeken and ..... 125 Hiboux, Les .................... 96 history.................. 253–264 Hobsbawm, Eric........... 101 holidays, public .............. 32 Hoorn & Egmont.....88, 255 Horta, Victor.....59, 74, 75, 96–98, 99, 100, 113, 114, 115, 124 Hospice Pacheco ........... 55 hostels ......................... 188 Bruegel............................. 189 Centre Vincent Van Gogh, Le ...................................... 189 Génération Europe........... 189 Jacques Brel .................... 189 Sleep Well ........................ 189 Hôtel Belvue ................... 86 Hôtel van Eetvelde ....... 113 Hôtel Hannon ................. 93 Hôtel Max Hallet........... 100 Hôtel Métropole.............. 59 Hôtel Solvay ................... 99 Hôtel Tassel .................... 99 Hôtel de Ville .................. 39 Hôtel Winssinger ............ 93 hotels.................... 181–187 Amigo............................... 182 Argus................................ 186 Aris ................................... 182 Astrid................................ 183 Atlas ................................. 183 Be Manos......................... 184 Bloom!..............................

The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically
by Peter Singer
Published 1 Jan 2015

Ben West, one of the effective altruists mentioned in chapter 4, has shown that even if your goal were solely to slow down climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, you could do that more effectively by donating to organizations that are encouraging people to go vegetarian or vegan than by donating to leading carbon-offsetting organizations.12 Climate Change I have left until last the cause on Berman’s list that she states simply as “Keep glaciers frozen.” This could be a reference to the preservation of nature for its own sake or it could stand as a symbol for slowing, stopping, or reversing climate change because there is no way of keeping glaciers frozen without doing that.

Twilight of Abundance: Why the 21st Century Will Be Nasty, Brutish, and Short
by David Archibald
Published 24 Mar 2014

While the nascent CTL industry in the United States is being held back by beliefs with no more sound basis than witchcraft, the Chinese CTL industry is going ahead in leaps and bounds. China also has a large wind-turbine construction sector and a considerable installed wind capacity. However, only 70 percent of its wind turbines are even connected to the grid. Strangely, a significant number of these turbines were bankrolled by the European Union under a range of carbon-offset-cum-renewable-energy schemes, and it wasn’t worthwhile for the Chinese to connect them to their grid, as the power produced wouldn’t repay the cost of connection.9 Similarly, European renewable-energy money went into hydroelectric dam construction across China at the same time as dams that have served Americans for decades were being removed in the Unites States for supposed environmental and aesthetic reasons.

This Could Be Our Future: A Manifesto for a More Generous World
by Yancey Strickler
Published 29 Oct 2019

“Such goals are an avocation, a secular mission to the world.” For a company whose mission focuses on improving the health of the earth, the environmental impact of its products should be as serious a concern as the company’s profitability. The company should be willing to give up some profitability—offering lifetime repairs like Patagonia does or “carbon-offset shipping” like the marketplace Etsy provides—in exchange for an investment in its mission-based values. It should be willing to use financial value to create non-financial value. For secular missions to be real, they have to be as consequential as the company’s financial concerns. If a company’s leadership fails to take the company’s environmental priorities seriously, the board must bring in new leaders who will.

Blockchain Chicken Farm: And Other Stories of Tech in China's Countryside
by Xiaowei Wang
Published 12 Oct 2020

Despite its airy name, its data centers, with their numerous computer servers, rely on massive amounts of energy and resources, making up 2 percent of the world’s electricity use. That percentage is only expected to grow with increased global traffic. A few cloud computing companies are now purchasing carbon offsets to become “greener,” although some accuse the move of fueling inequality, allowing rich developed countries to purchase their way out of their responsibility for pollution. Usually located in rural regions, data centers also use a range of rare earth minerals, which have a particularly bad reputation for the environmental impact of their mining.

The Rough Guide to Barcelona 8
by Jules Brown and Rough Guides
Published 2 Feb 2009

But we also believe in travelling responsibly, which includes giving thought to how often we fly and what we can do to redress any harm that our trips may create. We can travel less or simply reduce the amount we travel by air (taking fewer trips and staying longer, or taking the train if there is one); we can avoid night flights (which are more damaging); and we can make the trips we do take “climate neutral” via a carbon offset scheme. Offset schemes run by climatecare.org, carbonneutral .com and others allow you to “neutralize” the greenhouse gases that you are responsible for releasing. Their websites have simple calculators that let you work out the impact of any flight – as does our own. Once that’s done, you can pay to fund projects that will reduce future emissions by an equivalent amount.

…

A accommodation ...175–187 agencies........................... 176 gay-friendly ...................... 230 addresses ....................... 33 admission charges ......... 33 Adrià, Ferran................. 204 Aerobús service.............. 24 air-raid shelters............. 103 airlines ............................ 24 airports Barcelona ........................... 23 Girona................... 20, 24, 169 Reus ..................... 20, 24, 166 INDEX | Ajuntament de Barcelona ............62, 272 Alt Penedès, L’ ............. 160 Amatller, Antoni ............ 113 amusement parks...145, 254 Antiga Casa Figueras .... 50, 189 Antiga Sinagoga ............. 61 antiques market ........................ 57, 248 shops ............................... 242 Aquàrium, L’ ................... 88 Arc de Triomf .................. 82 architecture (see the Gaudí and modernisme colour section) ...................... 130 Arenes, Les...........130, 131 Arnau, Eusebi .........71, 119 Arqueoticket ................... 31 arrival in Barcelona......... 23 art galleries (see galleries) Articket ........................... 31 artists’ market.........60, 249 art and craft shops....... 242 Arts Barcelona, Hotel .... 92, 182 ATMs............................... 38 Auditori, L’ ............126, 221 AVE train service ............ 25 Avinguda de la Reina Maria Cristina .............. 96 Avinguda Diagonal ...... 119, 131 B 312 babysitting services...... 252 banks.............................. 38 Barcelona Card .............. 31 Barcelona Marathon..... 239 Barcelona Nord (bus station)................. 25 Barcelona Sants (train station)................ 25 Barceloneta................... 90 Barceloneta.................... 91 Barcino (Roman Barcelona)............58, 102 Barri Gòtic ............... 53–64 Barri Gòtic................ 54–55 Barri Xinés ...................... 65 bars ...................... 210–216 gay ................................... 230 basketball ..................... 236 beaches..............90, 92, 93 beer .............................. 211 Berenguer i Mestrès, Francesc....134, 135, 136 Berenguer, Ramon, I–IV, Catalan kings..... 259–260 best picks accommodation ....... 179, 183 dining ............................... 189 Biblioteca de Catalunya ......................37 bicycles rental .................................. 29 tours ................................... 29 trails and paths ................ 237 Bofill, Ricardo ................ 90, 126, 130 Bogatell .......................... 92 Bohigas, Oriol............... 130 book and coin market .... 72 books about Barcelona .......... 282–286 bookshops.................... 243 Boqueria, La ................... 49 Bourbons...................... 263 breakfast....................... 188 British Council ................ 37 budget airlines................ 19 budget Barcelona........... 34 bullfighting.................... 237 bullrings ................127, 131 Bus Montjuïc Turístic...... 97 bus station...................... 25 Bus Turístic..................... 29 buses in Barcelona ....................... 26 to Barcelona....................... 23 tours ................................... 29 Buxadé, Carlos............. 130 C Ca la Dona..............42, 230 Caballé, Montserrat........ 51 cabaret ......................... 225 cable cars...........27, 90, 97 Café de l’Opera ......51, 189 Café Moka ...................... 48 Café Zurich.............47, 189 cafés .................... 188–192 Caixa Forum ................... 97 Call Major, El .................. 60 Camí del Mar................ 108 Camp Nou .................... 138 Capella de l’Antic Hospital, La............................... 227 Capella de Santa Agata...59 Capella d’en Marcus ...... 76 car parks ........................ 28 car rental ........................ 28 carbon offset schemes... 22 carnival giants ................ 49 carnival in Sitges .......... 153 Carrer d’Allada Vermell... 76 Carrer Ample .................. 64 Carrer d’Avinyo.........64, 77 Carrer de Blai ............... 103 Carrer dels Carders ........ 76 Carrer Correu Vell........... 58 Carrer dels Escudellers .. 64 Carrer de Montcada ....... 79 Carrer de Petritxol .......... 60 Carrer Portaferrissa ........ 48 Carrer de la Riera Baixa...69 Carrer de Sant Pau......... 70 Carrer Sots-Tinent Navarro ........................ 58 Casa Amatller ............... 113 Casa de l’Ardiaca ........... 57 Casa Àsia ..................... 119 Casa Batlló ................... 114 Casa Bruno Quadras...... 50 Casa Calvet ..........120, 208 Casa Comalat............... 119 Casa Elizalde................ 221 Casa Fuster .................. 135 Casa Lleó Morera......... 112 Casa Macaya................ 119 Casa Milà...................... 117 Casa Museu Gaudí....... 136 Casa Papallona ............ 131 Casa Planells................ 119 Casa de les Punxes ..... 119 Casa Ramon Casas...... 118 Casa Rubinat................ 135 Casa Sayrach ............... 128 Casa Serra.................... 127 Casa Vicens.................. 134 Casas i Carbó, Ramon...57, 71, 101, 118 Castell de Montjuïc ...... 107 Catalan churches Capella d’en Marcus.......... 76 Església de Betlem ............ 48 Església de la Concepció .................... 120 Església de la Mercé.......... 64 Església de Sant Miquel del Port ................................. 90 Església de Sant Pau del Camp .............................. 71 Església de Santa María del Mar ................................. 80 Església de Santa María del Pi..................... 60 Església dels Sants Just i Pastor ............................. 62 Sagrada Família ............... 121 Sant Pere de les Puelles.... 75 Seu, La............................... 53 cinemas ..................88, 223 Ciutat del Teatre, La .... 102, 225 Civil War ....................... 266 in Barcelona .............. 48, 103, 107, 124 classical music ............. 220 climate .............................. 9 climate change ............... 22 Clos, Joan .................... 272 clothes shops ............... 245 children’s’......................... 252 clubs .................... 216–219 gay ................................... 231 coffee............................ 191 coin and stamp market..................63, 249 Collegi d’Arquitectes ...... 58 Collegi de les Teresianes.................. 144 Colònia Güell ................ 158 Columbus, Christopher...58, 86, 262 Companys i Jover, Lluis ...................107, 267 consulates, foreign ......... 34 cookery................. 276–281 Correa, Frederic ........... 130 Corte Inglés, El.......47, 246 Corts, Les ..................... 132 Corts, Les ............ 140–141 CosmoCaixa................. 144 costs............................... 34 craft workshops......80, 244 credit cards .................... 38 crime............................... 39 cruise ships .................... 25 D Dalí, Salvador ............... 171 Dalmau, Lluís................ 100 dance............................ 221 Dau al Set...............79, 116 department stores ........ 246 designer fashion ........... 245 development schemes ............130, 273 Dia de Sant Joan.......... 234 Dia de Sant Jordi....62, 233 Diagonal Mar .................. 93 disabled travellers .......... 41 discount cards................ 31 doctors ........................... 35 Domènech i Montaner, Lluís ........71, 73, 81, 112, 114, 120, 125, 135 Drassanes....................... 86 Dreta de l’Eixample ......... 111–120 Dreta de l’Eixample ..... 115 drinking................. 210–219 driving | Catalunya en Miniatura.................... 254 catamaran trips .............. 30 cathedral........

Berlin
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 20 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Elsewhere, U.S.A: How We Got From the Company Man, Family Dinners, and the Affluent Society to the Home Office, BlackBerry Moms,and Economic Anxiety
by Dalton Conley
Published 27 Dec 2008

Google’s utensils are potato starch-based (though the company admits that one employee experimented with burying a fork for a year and it did not seem to biodegrade much in that period). And the company is busy installing thousands of solar panels to help make itself carbon-neutral. (Other strategies include energy-saving measures and the purchase of carbon offsets.) The abundance of free food and toys does make the campus an attractive place to spend time; indeed, I lured my children to come along to the second day of Scifoo camp by assuring them they could eat as much junk as they wanted and play computer games as long as their hearts desired (a since unrepeated experiment in total freedom).

The Soil Will Save Us
by Kristin Ohlson
Published 14 Oct 2014

“The interaction between microbes and plants and water and carbon is something we’re just now really beginning to understand better,” he said. “That’s what allows us to calculate the amount of emissions averted or absorbed.” Where the Environmental Defense Fund sees an opportunity to create models and carbon-offset protocols, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) sees an opportunity to influence supply chains. WWF has a team that focuses on key commodities from around the world that affect conservation. One of these commodities is beef. The organization’s main focus in the United States is in the northern Great Plains, one of the few intact grasslands in the world.

Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste: How Neoliberalism Survived the Financial Meltdown
by Philip Mirowski
Published 24 Jun 2013

In the current neoliberal era, people have been weaned off the notion that concerted political abdication from market behavior can ever succeed in its objectives, and instead have been seduced into believing that the market itself can offer sufficient choice in expression of political programs along the entire spectrum. Worried about global warming? Imaginative entrepreneurs have endeavored to purvey “carbon offsets” to consumers. Want to help African AIDS patients? Get yourself an AMEX Red Card. Want to support small independent producers in underdeveloped countries? Other entrepreneurs have conveniently developed “fair trade” brands for coffee, textiles, glass, and other imports.94 The intellectual defenses surrounding the phenomenon of buycotting are especially instructive concerning the ways that the NTC has managed to neutralize its political opponents through the techniques of murketing.

…

This seemingly irrational trashing of a neoliberal policy device that had earlier been emitted from the bowels of the NTC is not evidence of an unfortunate propensity for self-subversion or unfocused rage against government, but instead an amazingly effective tactic for shifting the universe of political possibility further to the right. For buycotting always constitutes a tactical half-measure within the neoliberal project: one observes this in the initial promulgation and subsequent scuppering of carbon cap-and-trade schemes (described in chapter 6), including consumer purchase of “carbon offsets”; one observes it again in the imposition of “health insurance mandates” as a preemptive substitute for the single-payer system found in Europe, and then followed rapidly with the subsequent sabotage and rebellion against them in the United States, once they became the “centrist” approach to health care reform.

The Rough Guide to Jamaica
by Thomas, Polly,Henzell, Laura.,Coates, Rob.,Vaitilingam, Adam.

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. the occasional deal of as low as £300; charter airlines’ flight and accommodation packages also represent great savings. Charter operators currently offering flights to Montego Bay are First Choice, from Gatwick, Birmingham and Manchester; Thomas Cook from Gatwick and Manchester; and Thomson from Gatwick.

…

Abbey Green ................ 105 abolition of slavery ....... 273 Abrahams, Carl............... 62 accommodation............ 26 Accompong .................. 200 Accompong Maroon Festival ................32, 201 ackee .......................14, 27, Jamaican food and drink colour section ackee trees ................... 280 adventure tours .............. 25 African Tulip trees ................................... 280 agriculture..................... 277 AIDS ............................... 43 airline tickets .................. 19 airlines ............................ 20 akete drums ................. 297 Albert Town .................. 203 alcohol ...........30, Jamaican food and drink colour section Alexandria..................... 162 all-inclusive hotels... 26, 159 Alligator Church ............ 129 Alligator Hole ................ 253 Alligator Pond ............... 252 alligators ....................... 243 aloe vera ....................... 282 Alva ............................... 162 Amerindians................. 155, 267 Anchovy........................ 198 Anglican Church ........... 289 Animal Farm ................. 197 Annotto Bay.................. 130 annotto trees ................ 279 Appleton Estate rum tour ............................ 256 Aquasol Beach ............. 177 Arawaks ........................ 155 area code, phone ........... 45 art .............................12, 63 Askenish ....................... 230 Athenry Gardens .......... 126 athletics .......................... 71 ATM machines ................ 44 Babylon ........................ 292 Bacchanal Jamaica ........ 32 Back Seaside ............... 250 Baker, Moses ................ 289 Ballintoy ........................ 162 Bamboo Avenue ........... 258 bammy............................ 28 bananas ........................ 112 banks .............................. 45 Banton, Buju................. 304 Baptists ........................ 289 Barbecue Bottom ......... 204 Barrett Adventures ......... 25 Barrett Browning, Elizabeth .................... 194 Barrett House ............... 194 bars ................................ 30 Bath .............................. 110 Bath Botanical Gardens ................................... 111 Bath Mineral Spring...... 111 bats.......................203, 284 bauhinia ........................ 280 bauxite .......................... 277 BBC Caribbean .............. 31 Bedward, Alexander ..... 289 Beenie Man .................. 305 beer ................................ 30 Belmont ........................ 235 Bennett, Mikey ............. 304 Berridale ....................... 127 big bands ..................... 298 Billy’s Bay ..................... 244 birds.............................. 284 birdwatching ................. 261 BITU ............................. 229 Black Ark Studios ......... 304 black coral ...................... 40 Black Hill ...................... 130 Black River .................. 242 Black Star Line ............. 156 Black Uhuru .................. 302 Blenheim....................... 229 Bligh, Captain ............... 235 Bligh, Captain William ...110 Bloody Bay ................... 216 Blue Harbour ................ 151 Blue Hole Garden ......... 232 Blue Lagoon ................ 121 Blue Mountains ............ 12, 95–107 Blue Mountains.............. 97 Abbey Green .................... 105 accommodation ......... 99, 103 bicycle tours....................... 96 Blue Mountain Peak....... 105 buses ................................. 96 Catherine’s Peak .............. 100 Cinchona Botanical Gardens ........................ 105 Clydesdale ....................... 103 coffee ................ 29, 104, 106 Content Gap .................... 103 Cooperage, The ................. 98 Craighton Coffee Estate ... 100 eating ............................... 102 environment ....................... 95 Fishdone Waterfall ........... 101 Flamstead ........................ 102 Fountain of Life ................ 104 Gordon Town ................... 102 Green Hills........................ 101 Guava Ridge .................... 102 guides ................................ 98 Hagley Gap ...................... 105 Hardwar Gap.................... 100 hiking.................................. 99 Holywell Recreational Park .............................. 100 information ......................... 98 Irish Town ........................... 99 Lazy Man’s Peak .............. 107 Mavis Bank coffee factory........................... 104 Minto ................................ 105 Newcastle ........................ 100 Oatley Mountain ............... 101 Old Tavern Coffee Estate ... 101 Portland Gap Ranger Station .......................... 106 ranger stations ................... 98 Redlight ............................ 100 Section ............................. 101 Silver Hill .......................... 101 Strawberry Hill hotel........... 99 taxis.................................... 96 tours ................................... 98 transport............................. 96 Vinegar Hill Trail ............... 105 Blue Mountains and the east ............... 91–130 Blue Mountains and the east ....................... 94 Bluefields ..............234, 235 boat cruises .................... 14 boat trips ...................... 248 Bob Marley birthday celebrations ................. 32 Bob Marley Mausoleum ................................... 162 | B I NDE X A 325 I NDE X | Bob Marley Museum ...... 73 Bobby Digital ................ 304 Bobo Shanti.................. 295 Bogle, Paul ....69, 108, 109, 274 Bolt, Usain ......71, 202, 277 Bond, James ..........82, 150 Bonney, Anne .........85, 217 Booby Cay.................... 216 books ................... 306–312 Boston Bay ................... 122 bottled water .................. 29 Bounty Killer ................. 305 Bounty, the ................... 110 Bowden Pen ................. 129 Bowden Wharf.............. 110 Boxer, David ................... 63 breadfruit ...............29, 110, 235, 280 breakfast......................... 27 BREDS.......................... 250 bromeliads .................... 282 Broughton (Westmoreland) .......... 231 Brown, Dennis ........69, 301 Brown, Everald ............... 63 Brown’s Town ............... 160 brukins .......................... 296 Bubbling Spring............ 255 buccaneers .............85, 268 budget, daily................... 41 Buff Bay ........................ 130 Buju Banton.................. 305 Bull Bay ........................ 107 bullas .............................. 28 Bump Grave ................. 128 bun and cheese.............. 28 Bunker’s Hill .........196, 200 Burning Spear .............. 301 burru ............................. 297 buses .............................. 22 bush medicine .............. 283 Bustamante, Alexander .............69, 229, 232, 275 Buster, Prince ............... 298 butterflies...................... 285 Butterfly Dreams Farm ................................... 258 C 326 Cabarita Island ............. 152 cacti .............................. 282 cakes .............................. 28 Calabash Bay ............... 248 Calabash Literary Festival ........................ 32 calendar of events .......... 32 Calico Jack Rackham ...217 callaloo ........................... 27 cambios .......................... 45 Canoe Valley canopy tour ..........158, 169 car rental companies ...... 23 carbon offset schemes... 20 Caribbean Court of Justice ....................... 277 Caribic Vacations ........... 25 Carlene the Dancehall Queen ........................ 303 Carnival ....................32, 79 cars ................................. 22 cashew trees ................ 280 cassava .......................... 29 Castleton Botanical Gardens ....................... 90 Castro, Fidel ................. 276 Catadupa ...................... 198 Cathedral of St Jago de la Vega ............................. 90 Catholicism................... 289 caves ............................ 199 caving .............36, 199, 202 Caymanas Park Racetrack .................... 88 CDs................................. 40 cell phones ..................... 45 Charles Town ................ 130 charter flights ................. 19 chemists ......................... 43 children, travelling with... 46 Christiana ..................... 263 Christiana Bottom ........ 263 Christianity.................... 289 Christmas Rebellion .... 181, 272 Chukka Adventures ...... 139 Chukka Caribbean........ 169 Chukka Caribbean Adventures ................ 230 Chukka Cove ................ 157 Cinchona Botanical Gardens ..................... 105 cinema, Jamaican .......... 83 Cinha Cunha Pass........ 129 citronella ......................... 42 Clarke, Gussie .............. 304 climate .............................. 9 clinics, medical ............... 43 clubs ..............16, Jamaican nightlife colour section Clydesdale .................... 103 cocaine ......................... 210 Cockpit Country ........................... 199–204 accommodation ....... 202, 203 Accompong...................... 200 Accompong Maroon Festival.......................... 201 Albert Town ...................... 203 animals ............................. 203 Barbecue Bottom............. 204 bats .................................. 203 Bunker’s Hill ..................... 200 buses ............................... 200 caves ................................ 199 caving....................... 199, 202 Dromilly Cave ................... 200 Flagstaff ........................... 200 hiking ....................... 199, 202 Jamaican Caves Organisation ...................................... 199 Maroon Town ................... 200 Maroons ................... 200, 201 plants ............................... 203 Sherwood Content ........... 202 South Trelawny Environmental Agency .......................... 204 tours ......................... 199, 200 transport........................... 200 Windsor ............................ 202 Cockpit Country Adventure Tours ....................25, 199 coco bread ..................... 28 cocoa............................ 280 cocoa tea........................ 30 coconut palms.............. 280 coconuts........29, Jamaican food and drink colour section coffee..............29, 104, 106 Columbus, Christopher ...................155, 163, 267 Columbus Park ............. 159 communications ............. 45 community tourism....... 259 concerts...............Jamaican nightlife colour section conservation associations ................................... 287 conch.............................. 28 condoms ........................ 43 coney ............................ 284 Congos, the .................. 304 conservation ................. 217 consulates abroad, Jamaican ..................... 42 Content Gap ................. 103 coral........................43, 285 Coral Gardens Massacre ................................... 186 cornmeal porridge .......... 27 Cornwall Barracks ........ 128 Cornwall Beach ............ 179 costs ............................... 41 Count Ossie.................. 299 Countryman .................... 83 courier companies .......... 44 Cousin’s Cove .............. 227 Daily Gleaner .................. 31 Dallas mountains ............ 83 dance................32, 80, 296 dancehall ...................... 303 Dancehall Queen ............ 83 Dancehall Queen Contest ...... 33, Jamaican nightlife colour section dancehall queens ........ 303, Jamaican nightlife colour section dasheen .......................... 29 de Bolas, Juan ............. 135 de Esquivel, Juan ......... 155 death rituals .................. 290 debit cards ..................... 44 debt ......................276, 278 decompression chamber ................................... 159 deep-sea fishing ............. 35 DEET............................... 42 deforestation ................ 286 Dekker, Desmond ......... 299 Denbigh Agricultural Show .............................33, 264 dengue fever .................. 42 Devon House .................. 72 dialling codes ................. 46 Digicel ............................. 45 Discovery Bay .............. 159 diving ...................139, 177, 216 Doctor’s Cave Beach ... 178 doctors ........................... 43 E East of Ocho Rios ....... 148 East of Port Antonio .... 120 eating and drinking...27–30 eating out ....................... 27 economy ....................... 277 egrets............................ 284 electricity ........................ 42 Eleven Miles ................. 108 Ellis, Alton ..................... 300 email ............................... 44 emancipation ................ 273 Emancipation Park ......... 13 embassies abroad, Jamaican ..................... 42 entry requirements ......... 42 environment ........ 279–287 environmental associations............... 287 environmental NGOs .... 217 Errol Flynn Marina ........ 116 Escoffery, Gloria ............. 63 Ethiopian apples ............. 29 Ethiopian Orthodox Church ....................... 295 etiquette ......................... 39 etu ................................ 296 exchange rates ............... 44 extrajudicial killings ...... 277 F Facey-Cooper, Laura ...... 71 Faith’s Pen .................... 142 Falmouth ...................... 193 Farquhars ..................... 254 Fern Gully ..................... 142 festivals ...................28, 32 film .................................. 83 Firefly .....................16, 151 First Maroon War .......... 271 fish ..........................28, 286 fish tea ............................ 27 Fishdone Waterfall ........ 101 fishing ............................. 35 Flagstaff ........................ 200 Flamstead .............102, 200 Fleming, Ian .................. 150 flight agents .................... 20 flights | D Dodd, Clement Coxsone ...........................298, 304 Dolphin Cove ................ 140 Dolphin Head Mountains ................................... 230 dolphins ........................ 286 Donald Sangster Airport ................................... 169 dons................................ 65 Dornoch Riverhead ...... 164 Dow Baker, Lorenzo ..... 112 drag-racing ................... 231 dreadlocks .................... 293 dress codes .................... 39 Dressikie ....................... 150 drinking.........29, Jamaican food and drink colour section drinking water ................. 29 driving ............................. 23 drug trafficking ............. 278 drugs ......................38, 210 drums ........................... 297 dub ............................... 301 duckanoo........................ 29 Duckenfield................... 111 dumplings ....................... 28 Dunbar, Sly ................... 300 Duncans ....................... 164 Dunkley, John ................. 63 Dunn’s River Falls ....... 140 duppies.................290, 291 dutty wine ..................... 300 duty-free shopping ......... 40 I NDE X Cow Bay ....................... 107 Coward, Noel .......150, 151 cowfoot........................... 28 crafts .............................. 40 Cranbrook Flower Forest ................................... 157 crayfish ........................... 28 credit cards .................... 44 cricket ............................. 34 crime.......................37, 278 crocodiles .............243, 285 cruises ............14, 139, 177 Cudjoe .......................... 271 Cudjoe of the Maroons ................................... 201 Culloden ....................... 236 Culture Yard .................... 64 currency.......................... 44 curry goat ....................... 28 cycling ......................24, 36 from Australia and New Zealand ........................... 20 from the UK and Ireland .... 19 from the US and Canada ... 19 flowers .......................... 283 Flynn, Errol ...........117, 123 folk music ..................... 297 Folly, the ....................... 117 Font Hill Beach Park .... 236 food and drink .............. 27 football............................ 35 Fort Charles .................... 85 Fort Clarence Beach ...... 88 free villages ..........273, 289 Frenchman’s Bay .......... 248 Frenchman’s Cove ....... 121 Friendship Gully ............. 90 frogs ............................. 285 Frome ........................... 231 fruit ................................. 29 FX Trader ........................ 45 G Galina Point .................. 152 galleries, art .................... 80 gangs .............................. 65 327 I NDE X | 328 ganja ...............38, 280, 293 Garland, Colin ................ 63 garrison communities .... 65, 276, 278 Garvey, Marcus .....67, 155, 156, 274, 292 gay and lesbian travellers ..................................... 37 Gayle ............................ 150 Gaza ............................. 305 Georgian architecture ... 194 Germaine, Donovan ..... 304 German Town ............... 198 ghettos ........................... 65 ghosts ...................290, 291 Giant Swallowtail butterfly ................................... 285 gifts ................................. 40 gigolos ....................39, 208 gizzadas ......................... 28 Glamour Tours ................ 25 Gleaner ........................... 31 God’s Well .................... 253 Golden Grove ............... 111 Goldeneye .................... 149 Golding, Bruce ............. 277 golf .........35, 184, 186, 226 Good Hope Great House ................................... 196 Gordon, George William .............................69, 109 Gordon Town ................ 102 Gosse, Philip ................ 235 Gourie Caves ................ 263 Gourie State Park ......... 263 government travel advisories .................... 37 Great Bay ..................... 249 Great Morass ................ 217 Great Morass (Black River) ................................... 243 Great Revival ................ 288 green bananas ................ 27 Green Grotto and Runaway Caves......................... 159 Green Hills .................... 101 Green Island ................. 227 Greenwood Great House ................................... 192 guango trees ................ 279 guava jelly....................... 40 Guava Ridge ................. 102 guavas ............................ 29 guesthouses ................... 26 guineps ........................... 29 Gully ............................. 305 Gun Court ..................... 276 Gut River ...................... 253 Gutters.......................... 258 H Hagley Gap................... 105 Haiti .............................. 272 Half Moon Bay Beach (Hanover) ................... 227 Hanover Museum ......... 228 harassment .............37, 178 Harder They Come, The ...83 Harding, Jeremy ........... 304 Hardwar Gap ................ 100 Harmony Hall ................ 143 health .............................. 42 heliconias ..................... 283 Hellshire .......................... 88 Henry, Claudius ............ 294 Henzell, Perry ................. 83 herbal medicine ............ 283 high commissions abroad, Jamaican ..................... 42 hiking ..............12, 36, 127, 199, 202 Hillside Dam ................. 110 Hip Strip ....................... 177 hitching ........................... 24 holey bulla ...................... 28 holidays .......................... 45 Holland Bay .................. 111 Holywell Recreational Park ........................... 100 Homer’s Cove ............... 221 homophobia ................... 37 Hope Bay...................... 130 Hope Botanical Gardens ..................................... 74 Hopewell....................... 196 horseriding .....36, 88, 157, 184, 196 hospitals ......................... 43 hotels .............................. 26 Howell, Leonard ........... 294 Huie, Albery .................... 63 hummingbirds.......198, 284 hurricanes ..................... 280 hustlers ...................37, 208 Hype TV .......................... 31 I iguanas ......................... 285 IMF ............................... 276 immigration..................... 42 in-bond shopping ........... 40 indentured labourer ...... 273 independence ............... 274 Indians in Jamaica ....... 273 information ..................... 46 insect bites ..................... 42 insect repellent ............... 42 insects .......................... 285 insurance ........................ 43 international calls ........... 45 internet access ............... 44 Irie FM ....................31, 143 Irish moss ....................... 30 Irish Town ....................... 99 Ironshore ...................... 184 Isaacs, Gregory ............ 301 Island Outpost .............. 149 Island Village ................ 139 Ital diets ........................ 293 Ital food .......................... 28 J J-Flag ............................. 38 Jacks River ................... 149 Jah ................................ 292 Jamaican art .............12, 63 Jamaica Carnival ............ 32 Jamaica Conservation and Development Trust ...... 98 Jamaica Labour Party ...................229, 274, 276 Jamaica National Heritage Trust ............................. 68 Jamaica Observer .......... 31 Jamaica Tourist Board.... 46 Jamaican Caves Organisation .............. 199 James Bond Beach Club ................................... 149 Jamwest raceway......... 231 jancros .......................... 284 janga ............................... 28 janga soup .................... 255 Jarrett Park ................... 182 JAVA ............................... 27 Jazz and Blues Festival ... 32 JCDC .............................. 98 jelly coconuts ................. 29 jerk cooking .........28, 122, Jamaican food and drink colour section Jerk Festival ................... 33 Jews, Jamaican .............. 68 JLP .......................274, 276 John Crows .................. 284 Jonkonnu ...................... 296 JSP Coffee Factory ...... 261 Junction (St Mary) .......... 90 june plum ........................ 29 Junko ............................ 303 JUTA ............................... 24 K Kapo ............................... 63 kayaking ....................... 216 Kebre Negast ............... 292 Kelly, Dave .................... 304 Kennaway, Guy ............ 227 Kensington ................... 200 Kensington (Portland) ... 125 kids ................................. 46 King Addies .................. 302 King Tubby ................... 301 Kingston .................. 49–90 Kingston ......................... 55 Downtown Kingston ...... 60 Uptown Kingston ........... 70 L L’Ouverture, Toussaint ................................... 272 Lacovia ......................... 258 Lance’s Bay .................. 227 language .............. 313–320 laundry ............................ 44 | Kingston and around ............................... 49–90 Kingston and around..... 52 Kingston on the Edge..... 33 Knibb, William .............. 194 Knutsford Express .......... 22 KOTE .............................. 33 Kudo, Junko “Bashment” ................................... 303 Kumina .................289, 290 Kwamen Falls ............... 154 Lee, Bunny “Striker” ..... 304 Leith Hall ...................... 108 lesbian and gay travellers ..................................... 37 Lethe............................. 197 Lethe Estate ................. 197 Liberty Hall ..................... 67 Lignum vitae ................. 280 Lime Cay ..................86, 88 liqueurs ........................... 30 Little Bay ...................... 221 Little London ................ 231 Little Ochi ..................... 252 live music.................16, 32, Jamaican nightlife colour section lizards ........................... 285 lobster ....................28, 286 locks ............................... 29 logwood trees............... 279 Long Bay (Negril) ........ 214 Long Bay (Portland).... 124 Long Road .................... 126 Lovers’ Leap ................. 250 lovers’ rock ................... 301 Lucea ............................ 228 Luciano ......................... 305 Lunatic, The .................... 83 Lyle, George ................. 289 Lyssons ........................ 108 I NDE X accommodation .............. 58 airlines ................................ 81 arrival.................................. 55 banks ................................. 81 bars .................................... 79 Bob Marley Museum........ 73 botanical gardens .............. 74 buses ................................ 57 car rental ..................... 57, 81 clubs ............................ 77, 79 Coke Chapel ...................... 67 Coronation Market ............. 67 Culture Yard ....................... 63 Dallas mountains ............... 83 dance ................................. 80 Devon House ..................... 72 doctors .............................. 81 Downtown Kingston ...59–69 drinking .............................. 77 driving ................................ 55 Duke Street ........................ 68 eating ................................. 75 Emancipation Park ............. 71 galleries, art........................ 80 Garvey, Marcus .................. 67 ghettos ............................... 65 Gordon House .................. 68 Half Way Tree ..................... 72 harbour............................... 61 harassment ........................ 55 Headquarters House .......... 68 Hellshire ............................. 88 history ............................... 53 Hope Botanical Gardens.... 74 hospitals ............................ 81 Hot Mondays ..................... 78 information ......................... 56 Institute of Jamaica............ 66 internet ............................... 82 Jamaica Conference Centre ........................................ 62 Jamaica House .................. 73 Jamaica National Heritage Trust ............................... 68 Jubilee Market ................... 67 King Street ......................... 67 King’s House ...................... 73 Kingston Parish Church ..... 67 Liberty Hall ......................... 67 Liguanea Club .................... 69 Lime Cay ............................ 88 Little Theatre ...................... 72 live music ........................... 78 Marley, Bob ........................ 73 Marley Museum ................. 73 Mico College ..................... 68 National Arena ................... 73 National Gallery ................ 62 National Heroes Park ......... 68 National Library .................. 66 National Stadium ............... 71 Natural History Museum .... 66 Negro Aroused sculpture ... 62 New Kingston..................... 69 nightlife ............................. 77 Norman Manley airport ...... 54 Parade, the......................... 66 Passa Passa ...................... 78 police.................................. 82 Port Royal .......................... 84 record shops ...................... 80 Rockfort Mineral Baths ...... 82 Sabina Park........................ 71 safety.................................. 55 shopping ............................ 80 St Andrew’s Parish Church ........................................ 72 St William Grant Park......... 67 Synagogue ........................ 68 taxis ............................. 57, 82 theatre ................................ 80 Tinson Pen airport tours .................................. 58, 81 Trench Town ....................... 64 Trench Town Culture Yard.... 63 Tuff Gong Recording Studios............................ 63 University of the West Indies ........................................ 75 Uptown Kingston ........69–75 Ward Theatre...................... 67 Weddy Wednesdays .......... 78 M Maggotty ...................... 255 magic mushrooms........ 210 magnum ......................... 30 mahoe trees.................. 279 mahogany trees ............ 279 Maiden Cay .................... 87 mail ................................. 44 Makonnen, Ras Tafari... 292 malaria ............................ 42 Malvern ......................... 258 Mammee Bay ............... 155 manatees ..............252, 286 manchineel ................... 280 Manchioneal ................. 125 Mandeville ........... 259–262 Mandeville.................... 260 Mandingo Cave ............ 126 mangoes ......................... 29 mangroves ............243, 280 Manley, Edna .................. 63 Manley, Michael......69, 274 Manley, Norman .....69, 275 mannish water ................ 28 Mansong, Jack ............. 108 maps............................... 44 329 I NDE X | 330 Marchmont ................... 198 Margaritaville ................ 178 marijuana ................38, 280 marine life ..................... 285 markets........................... 40 Marley, Bob ....63, 73, 161, 294 Marley, Damian ............. 161 Marley, Rita.............64, 161 Marley, Steven .............. 161 Marley Museum .............. 73 Maroon Town ................ 200 Maroon wars ................ 201 Maroons ......128, 153, 200, 201, 267, 271 Marshall’s Pen .............. 261 Martha Brae River ........ 194 Mavado......................... 305 Mavis Bank ................... 104 May Pen ....................... 264 Mayfield Falls ............... 233 media .............................. 31 Meet the People programme .................. 25 mento ........................... 297 Methodists.................... 289 Middle Passage ............ 269 Middle Quarters............ 255 Mighty Crown ............... 302 Milk River Spa .............. 254 Millbank ........................ 129 mineral springs ......12, 35, 82, 111, 254, 255 mineral water .................. 29 minibuses ....................... 22 missionaries.................. 288 Misty Bliss ...................... 32 mobile phones ................ 45 Mocho .......................... 199 Moneague .................... 142 money ............................. 44 mongoose .................... 284 Monkey Island .............. 121 Montego Bay ....... 168–191 Montego Bay ....... 174–175 accommodation ...............................172–176 airlines ............................. 190 airport ............................... 169 Aquasol Beach ................. 177 arrival................................ 169 banks .............................. 190 Barnett Street................... 182 bike rental ....................... 190 Bogue Lagoon ................. 184 Buccaneer Beach ............ 179 Burchell Memorial Church ...................................... 181 buses ............................... 169 canopy tours .................... 169 car rental ................. 172, 190 Catherine Hall Entertainment Centre ........................... 179 Charles William Gordon Market........................... 182 Christmas Rebellion ......... 181 civic centre ....................... 181 clubs ................................ 188 consulates ....................... 190 Coral Cliffs ....................... 178 Cornwall Beach................ 179 craft market ...................... 181 cruises .............................. 177 Dead End Beach .............. 179 diving................................ 177 Doctor’s Cave Beach ....... 178 doctors ............................. 191 Dome, the ........................ 182 downtown ........................ 179 drinking ............................ 188 Dump-Up Beach .............. 179 eating ............................... 186 Fantasy Craft Market ....... 179 Fort Montego ................... 177 Fort Street ........................ 179 Freeport Peninsula ........... 184 Gallery of West Indian Art ...182 Gloucester Avenue........... 177 golf courses ............. 184, 186 Gully Market ..................... 179 Half Moon stables ............ 185 harassment ..................... 178 Hip Strip ........................... 177 history .............................. 168 horseriding ....................... 184 hospital ........................... 191 information ....................... 172 internet ............................ 191 Ironshore ......................... 184 Jarrett Park ...................... 182 Kensington (St James) ..... 182 Kent Avenue..................... 179 live music ......................... 188 Margaritaville .................... 178 markets ............................ 179 Montego Bay Marine Park ...................................... 177 Montego Freeport ............ 184 nightlife............................. 188 Orange Street................... 179 Palmer, Annie ................... 186 parking ............................. 172 pharmacies ...................... 191 police .............................. 191 Queen’s Drive ................... 179 Rastafarian Village ........... 182 Reggae Sumfest .............. 183 Reggae Sunsplash ........... 183 Rose Hall Great House .... 185 safety................................ 178 Sam Sharpe Square......... 180 scuba diving ..................... 177 Sharpe, Sam ............ 180, 181 shopping .......................... 190 slave rebellions ................ 181 St James Parish Church .... 181 Sumfest ............................ 183 Sunset Boulevard............. 179 Sunsplash ........................ 183 taxis ......................... 169, 171 tours ................................. 169 transport........................... 172 Walter Fletcher Beach...... 177 watersports ...................... 177 Westgate Mall .................. 182 White Witch of Rose Hall ... 186 Whitehouse ...................... 184 Yacht Club........................ 184 Montego Bay and Cockpit Country ............. 165–204 Montego Bay and Cockpit Country ............. 170–171 Montpelier .................... 198 Moore Town .................. 128 mopeds .......................... 24 Morant Bay ................... 108 Morant Bay Rebellion...109, 274 Morant Point Lighthouse ................................... 111 Morgan, Henry........85, 268 Mosquito Cove ............. 230 mosquitoes ..................... 42 motorbikes ..................... 24 mountain biking ........24, 36 Mountainside ................ 258 music ................... 296–305 music, live......32, Jamaican nightlife colour section myal .............................. 291 Mystic Mountain ........... 140 Mystic Revelation of Rastafari .................... 299 N Nanny ............................. 69 Nanny Falls ................... 128 Nanny Town .................. 128 naseberries ..................... 29 National Archives ........... 89 National Dance Theatre Company ..................... 72 National Gallery ......12, 62 National Heroes .............. 69 national holidays ............ 45 national parks ............... 287 National Stadium ............ 71 Native Baptists ............. 289 Nature Village Farm ...... 197 Navy Island ................... 117 Negril ................... 207–226 Negril ............................ 208 Long Bay...................... 215 West End...................... 219 accommodation ......211–214 airport ....................... 210, 225 O obeah ........................... 291 Observer ......................... 31 Ocho Rios............ 135–147 Ocho Rios .................... 136 accommodation ............. 137 airlines .............................. 147 arrival................................ 136 banks .............................. 147 car rental .......................... 147 Chukka Adventures.......... 139 Coyaba River Garden ...... 141 cruises .............................. 139 diving................................ 139 doctors ............................ 147 Dolphin Cove ................... 140 drinking ............................ 145 Dunn’s River Falls ............ 140 eating ............................... 144 Faith’s Pen ....................... 142 Fern Gully ......................... 142 fort .................................... 139 Harmony Hall .................. 143 hospitals .......................... 147 information ....................... 136 internet ............................ 147 Irie FM .............................. 143 Island Village .................... 139 James Avenue ................ 138 Mahoe Falls...................... 141 Mahogany Beach ............. 143 Mallards Beach ................ 138 Moneague ....................... 142 Murphy Hill ....................... 141 Mystic Mountain .............. 140 nightlife............................. 145 One Love Trail .................. 139 police .............................. 147 Prospect Plantation ......... 143 rafting ............................... 139 Reggae Beach ................. 143 Reggae Explosion ............ 139 Rio Nuevo ........................ 143 Shaw Park Botanical Gardens ........................ 141 shopping .......................... 146 taxis.................................. 136 tours ................................. 137 Tower Isle ......................... 143 transport........................... 136 Turtle Beach .................... 138 Walkers Wood ................. 142 Wassi Art ......................... 142 watersports ...................... 139 White River ....................... 143 White River Valley ............ 139 Ocho Rios and the north coast ................. 131–164 Ocho Rios and the north coast ......................... 134 Ocho Rios Jazz Festival ..................................... 33 octopus .......................... 28 Olympians, Jamaican ..... 71 One Love peace concert ................................... 161 opening hours ................ 45 Operation Kingfish........ 278 Oracabessa .................. 149 Orange Bay .................. 227 Orange Hill.................... 221 orchids .......................... 283 organized crime ............ 278 organized tours............... 25 ortaniques....................... 29 otaheteite apples ............ 29 Our Story Tours .............. 25 Outameni Experience ... 194 overproof rum ................ 30, Jamaican food and drink colour section owls .............................. 284 Oxford Caves ............... 263 oxtail ............................... 28 Oyster Bay phosphorous lagoon ........................ 195 oyster farming .............. 110 | Negril Aerodrome ......... 210 Negril and the west ........................... 205–236 Negril and the west ..... 208 Negril beach ................. 214 Negril Hills .................... 221 Negril Point Lighthouse ................................... 220 Nelson, Horatio .............. 85 Newcastle ..................... 100 newspapers .................... 31 nightclubs ............Jamaican nightlife colour section nightlife ........................... 16 Nine Mile ...................... 161 Nine Night..................... 290 Nonsuch Caves ............ 126 Norman Manley airport ..................................... 54 nyabhinghi .................... 293 I NDE X arrival................................ 210 banks .............................. 225 bars ................................. 222 bike rental ............... 210, 225 Bloody Bay....................... 216 boat trips .......................... 216 Bonney, Anne ................... 217 Booby Cay ....................... 216 Broughton ........................ 221 car rental ................. 210, 225 cliff-diving......................... 219 clubs ................................ 222 craft market ...................... 219 diving................................ 216 doctors ............................. 226 drinking ............................ 222 drugs ................................ 210 eating ............................... 221 fishing............................... 216 Great Morass ................... 217 history .............................. 209 Homer’s Cove .................. 221 hospital............................. 226 information ....................... 211 internet ............................. 226 kayaking ........................... 216 Kool Runnings Water Park ...................................... 216 lighthouse......................... 220 Little Bay .......................... 221 Long Bay ......................... 214 Long Bay Beach Park ...... 215 Negril beach ..................... 214 Negril Hills ........................ 221 Negril Point Lighthouse ... 220 nightlife............................. 222 Orange Hill ....................... 221 phones ............................. 226 Rackham, Calico Jack ..... 217 Read, Mary....................... 217 Red Ground ..................... 217 rent-a-dreads ................... 208 Retirement........................ 221 Rhodes Hall Plantation .... 216 Rick’s Café ....................... 219 Royal Palm Reserve ......... 217 scuba diving ..................... 216 shopping .......................... 225 Spring Break .................... 211 sunset-watching............... 219 taxis.................................. 210 tours ................................. 211 transport........................... 210 watersports ...................... 216 West End ......................... 218 wetlands ........................... 217 Whitehall Great House ..... 221 P package tours ..........19, 26 palm trees..................... 279 Palmer, Annie ............... 186 pan chicken ................... 28, Jamaican food and drink colour section pantomime ..................... 32 Paradise Park ............... 234 Parliament, Jamaican ..... 68 Parottee ........................ 242 Passa Passa .................. 78, Jamaican nightlife colour section Passage Fort ................ 268 passports........................ 42 pastries ........................... 28 patois glossary ... 316–320 331 I NDE X | 332 Patterson, P.J. .............. 277 patties ............................. 28 Paul, Sean .................... 305 payphones ...................... 45 Peace Cave, Accompong ................................... 202 peanut porridge .............. 27 peanuts........................... 29 Pedro Banks ................. 241 Pelew Island ................. 121 Pelican Bar .............15, 249 Penn, Admiral William ................................... 268 People’s National Party ................................... 274 pepper shrimp ........28, 255 pepperpot soup .............. 28 Perry, Lee “Scratch” ..... 304 Peter Tosh Birthday Celebrations ................ 33 Petersfield..................... 232 pharmacies ..................... 43 phonecards .................... 45 phones............................ 45 phosphorous lagoon .... 195 photography ................... 46 Pickapeppa Factory ..... 261 Pinnacle ........................ 294 Pinto, David .................. 196 pirates.............85, 217, 269 plantain ........................... 29 plantocracy ................... 269 plugs ............................... 42 PNP .............................. 274 poinsettia ...................... 280 police .............................. 37 political violence ........... 276 ponciana ....................... 280 porridge .......................... 27 Port Antonio ........ 113–119 Port Antonio................. 114 accommodation ............... 115 airport ............................... 113 arrival .............................. 113 banks ............................... 119 Bonnie View ..................... 116 Boundbrook Wharf........... 116 car rental .................. 113, 119 Christ Church ................... 116 courthouse ....................... 115 doctors ............................. 119 drinking ............................ 118 eating ............................... 118 Errol Flynn Marina ............ 116 fishing............................... 115 Flynn, Errol ....................... 117 Folly, the ........................... 117 Folly Beach ...................... 116 guides .............................. 115 hospital............................. 119 information ............... 113, 115 internet ............................. 119 library ............................... 115 Musgrave Market ............. 116 Navy Island ...................... 117 nightlife............................. 118 police................................ 119 Port Antonio Marina ......... 116 post office ........................ 119 Royal Mall ........................ 115 scuba diving ..................... 119 taxis.......................... 113, 119 Titchfield........................... 116 Woods Island ................... 117 Port Henderson .............. 88 Port Maria ..................... 152 Port Morant .................. 110 Port Royal......... 13, 84–87, 268 Port Royal ...................... 84 accommodation ................. 87 beaches ............................ 86 boat trips ........................... 86 Bonney, Anne ..................... 85 buccaneers ........................ 85 drinking .............................. 87 eating ................................. 87 Fort Charles ....................... 85 Galdy, Lewis ....................... 85 Giddy House ...................... 85 history ................................ 84 Lime Cay ............................ 86 Maiden Cay ........................ 87 Morgan, Henry ................... 85 museums ........................... 85 Naval Cemetery ................ 86 Nelson, Horatio .................. 85 Nelson’s Quarterdeck ........ 85 Old Gaol House ................. 86 Old Naval Hospital ............. 86 pirates ................................ 85 Rackham, Calico Jack ....... 85 Read, Mary......................... 85 St Peter’s Church ............. 85 transport............................. 85 Twin Cays ........................... 87 Victoria and Albert Battery ........................................ 85 Portland ............... 112–130 Portland Jerk Festival..... 33 Portmore......................... 88 postal services ............... 44 Pottinger, David .............. 62 Pottinger, Sonia ............ 304 Powell, Asafa .................. 71 price codes..................... 26 prickly heat ..................... 43 Prince Jammy............... 301 Priory ............................ 157 privateers ................85, 268 prostitution ................... 208 public holidays ............... 45 Puerto Seco Beach ...... 159 Pukkumina .................... 290 pumpkin soup ................ 28 Q Quadrant Wharf ............ 159 R race............................... 272 Race Course................. 149 Rackham, Calico Jack .............................85, 217 radio ............................... 31 rafting .....14, 35, 127, 139, 194, 197 rainfall ............................. 10 Rasta linguistics ........... 315 Rastafari ...... 182, 291–295 rastitutes ....................... 208 rat-bats ......................... 284 Reach Falls ................... 126 Read, Mary .............85, 217 Rebel Salute ...........32, 253 record shops ............40, 80 Red Stripe ..................... 30, Jamaican food and drink colour section Redlight ........................ 100 reefs .............................. 285 reggae.................. 300–305 Reggae Boyz ............35, 71 Reggae Falls ................. 110 reggae festivals ............. 32, Jamaican nightlife colour section Reggae Sumfest ....32, 183, Jamaican nightlife colour section Reggae Sunsplash ....... 183 Reid, Duke ............298, 304 religion ................. 288–295 remittances ................... 277 rent-a-dreads................ 208 rental cars ....................... 22 repatriation ................... 293 reptiles .......................... 285 resort development ...... 159 restaurant week .............. 33 restaurants..................... 27, Jamaican food and drink colour section Revivalism .................... 289 Reynolds, Mallica “Kapo” ..................................... 63 Rhodes Hall Plantation ...227 rhythm tracks ............... 300 rice and peas.................. 28 Rick’s Café ................... 219 Sabina Park .................... 71 safari river trips............. 243 safety ......................37, 178 Salem ........................... 159 saltfish ............................ 27 San San ........................ 121 Sandals........................... 26 sound-system parties .... 298, Jamaican nightlife colour section sound systems ............. 302 soursops ......................... 29 South Coast ........ 241–254 South Coast ................. 240 South Trelawny Environmental Agency ................................... 204 souvenirs ........................ 40 Spanish Town ................. 89 speed limits .................... 23 spiders .......................... 285 sport......................... 34–36 Spring Break...........32, 211 spring water.................... 29 Spur Tree Hill ................ 258 squid ............................... 28 St Ann’s Bay ................. 155 St Leonards .................. 198 St Margaret’s Bay ......... 129 St Thomas ........... 107–111 stageshows ...32, Jamaican nightlife colour section stamps ............................ 44 star apples ...................... 29 Star, The ......................... 31 STEA............................. 204 Steely and Cleevie........ 304 Steibel, George.......72, 274 Sting ............................... 33 stingrays ....................... 286 Stone Love ..................... 78 Stony Gut ..................... 109 Strawberry .................... 154 street dances ................. 78, Jamaican nightlife colour section street food ...................... 29 street parties .......Jamaican nightlife colour section Studio One ................... 298 Stur-Gav ....................... 301 sugar....................231, 232, 269, 277 Sumfest .................33, 183, Jamaican nightlife colour section Sun Valley Plantation.... 149 Sun Venture Tours .......... 25 Sunday Herald ................ 31 sunset-watching ............. 11 Sunsplash ..................... 183 supermarkets.................. 40 surfing............................. 35 Surinam Quarters ......... 236 Swallowtail butterfly ..... 285 sweetsops ...................... 29 | S sandflies ......................... 42 Sankeys ........................ 290 Santa Cruz.................... 258 Santa Cruz Mountains ................................... 244 Savanna-la-Mar ............ 231 Scientist ........................ 301 scooters.......................... 24 Scott’s Cove ................. 236 scuba diving ...35, 177, 216 sea grape trees............. 280 sea urchins .............43, 286 sea cows ..............252, 286 seafood........................... 28 Seaford Town ............... 198 Seaga, Edward ............. 276 Sean, Paul .................... 305 seapuss .......................... 28 Second Maroon War .... 271 Section ......................... 101 Selassie, Haile .............. 292 selectors ....................... 302 Set Girls ........................ 297 Seville ...................155, 157 sex tourism .............39, 208 Shabba’s Shallow Bar ................................... 249 Shakepeare, Robbie ..... 300 shared taxis .................... 24 Sharpe, Sam...69, 180, 181 Shaw Park Botanical Gardens ..................... 141 Sherwood Content ....... 202 shopping......................... 40 shrimp............................. 28 Silk, Garnett.................. 305 silk cotton trees ............ 279 Silver Hill....................... 101 Silver Sands ................. 164 SIM cards ....................... 45 Simpson Miller, Portia ................................... 277 ska ................................ 299 Skatalites ...................... 299 sky juice.......................... 29 slackness ...................... 303 slave rebellions ....153, 181, 270 slave trade .................... 269 slavery .......................... 269 slavery, abolition of....... 194 sleng teng ..................... 303 Small, Millie .................. 299 Smile Orange .................. 83 snacks ............................ 28 snakes .......................... 285 snorkelling ...................... 35 sodas .............................. 29 Somerset Falls.............. 129 I NDE X Rio Bueno ..................... 163 Rio Grande Valley ........................... 126–129 Rio Nuevo ..................... 143 Rio Nuevo, battle of ..... 268 River Edge .................... 130 river rafting ...............14, 35 river safaris ................... 243 river swimming ............... 35 river tubing ..................... 36 road maps ...................... 44 road safety...................... 23 roadblocks ................23, 38 roads .............................. 23 Roaring River Park ....... 232 roast yam........................ 29 Robins Bay ................... 154 Rock ............................. 195 Rockfort Mineral Baths ....82 Rocklands Bird Sanctuary ................................... 198 rocksteady .................... 299 Rocky Point Bay ........... 111 Rod of Correction ......... 294 Rodney, Admiral .....89, 272 Roman Catholics .......... 289 Ron’s Arawak Cave ...... 227 room rates ...................... 26 roots reggae ................. 300 roots rock ..................... 301 roots wine ....................... 30 Rose Hall Great House ................................... 185 Round Hill ..................... 196 route taxis ....................... 24 Royal Palm Reserve ..... 217 royal palm trees ............ 279 Rozelle beach ............... 108 Ruby, Jack .................... 304 rude boys ..................... 299 rum ........................30, 255, Jamaican food and drink colour section Runaway Bay and Discovery Bay....158–160 Runaway Caves............ 159 rundown ......................... 27 333 T I NDE X | 334 Tacky Falls .................... 154 Tacky Rebellion ....153, 271 Taino Hill Estate ............ 154 Taino Indians ................ 267 Tainos ........................... 155 taxis ................................ 24 tea................................... 30 telephones ...................... 45 television ........................ 31 temperatures .................. 10 tennis .............................. 36 theatre ............................ 80 Third World Cop ............. 83 Three Finger Jack......... 108 Tia Maria ......................... 30 time................................. 46 tipping ............................ 42 toll roads......................... 23 tortoiseshell .................... 40 Tosh, Peter ...........234, 235 tour operators................. 21 tourist board offices in Jamaica ....................... 46 tours ................25, 81, 169, 199, 200 Tower Isle ..................... 143 transport .................. 22–25 travel advisories ............. 37 travel agents ................... 21 travel insurance .............. 43 travellers’ palm ............. 279 Treasure Beach ............ 16, 244–252 Treasure Beach ............ 245 accommodation ............... 246 arrival................................ 244 Back Seaside ................... 250 banks ............................... 246 bars .................................. 251 bike rental ........................ 246 Billy’s Bay ......................... 244 boat trips .......................... 248 BREDS ............................. 250 Calabash Bay ................... 248 cambios ........................... 246 clubs ................................ 251 drinking ............................ 251 eating ............................... 251 Frenchman’s Bay ............. 248 Great Bay ......................... 249 information ....................... 246 Lovers’ Leap .................... 250 massage........................... 247 nightlife............................. 251 Pelican Bar ....................... 249 tours ................................. 246 transport........................... 245 Treasure Isle ................. 298 Treasure Tours ................ 25 Treaty of Madrid ........... 268 tree frogs ...................... 285 trees ..................... 279–281 Trelawny Yam Festival ... 32, 204 Trench Town ................... 64 Trench Town Culture Yard ..................................... 64 Trident Castle ............... 121 tropical fish ................... 286 tropical flowers ............. 283 tropical fruit .................... 29 Tropical Tours ................. 25 Tryall ............................. 230 Tuff Gong Recording Studios ........................ 63 turtles............................ 286 Twelve Tribes of Israel ................................... 295 Twin Cays ....................... 87 U U-Roy ........................... 301 ugli fruit........................... 29 UNIA .......................67, 156 Universal Negro Improvement Association ................................... 156 University of the West Indies ........................... 75 urchins ....................43, 286 UWI ................................. 75 V vaccinations ................... 42 Valley Hikes .................. 127 vegetables ...................... 29 vegetarian food .............. 28 Venables, General Robert ................................... 268 villas........................27, 246 vines ............................. 282 visas ............................... 42 voltage ............................ 42 vultures ......................... 284 Vybes Kartel ................. 305 W Walderston ................... 263 Walkers Wood .............. 142 Walter Fletcher Beach...177 water, drinking ................ 29 waterfalls .................15, 35 watersports.............35, 139 Watson, Barrington ........ 63 websites, Jamaican ........ 46 Weddy Wednesdays ...... 78, Jamaican nightlife colour section weed ............................... 38 West End, Negril ......... 218 West Indies Cricket Board ..................................... 34 West Indies Federation ...274 white egrets .................. 284 White River Falls........... 129 white rum....................... 30, Jamaican food and drink colour section White Witch of Rose Hall ................................... 186 Whitehouse................... 184 Whitehouse (Westmoreland) .......... 236 whitewater rafting ........... 35 wi-fi ................................. 44 William Knibb Memorial Baptist Church .......... 194 Williamsfield Coffee Factory....................... 261 willy bounce ................. 300 Windsor ........................ 202 Windsor Mineral Spring ................................... 157 Windward Maroons ...... 128 wine ................................ 30 Winnifred beach ........... 122 women travellers ............ 39 Wray and Nephew Rum Distilery ...................... 257 Wymore, Patrice ........... 123 Y Yallahs .......................... 108 yam ................................. 29 Yam Festival ................... 32 Yellowman .................... 303 YS Falls ........................ 255 Z Zionism ......................... 290 Zip FM ............................ 31 zip-lining ......................... 36 Map symbols maps are listed in the full index using coloured text Chapter division boundary Airport/airfield Road Transport stop Path/track Petrol station Railway Memorial River/canal Tourist office Wall Post office Bridge Golf course Site of interest Museum Ruin Accommodation Cave Restaurant Reef Stadium Waterfall Building Spring Church Mountain peak Cemetery Mountain range Park Lighthouse Marsh/wetland Gardens Beach | Hospital M AP S Y M BOL S County boundary 335 About the authors Polly Thomas is a freelance writer, editor and photographer who first travelled to the Caribbean at aged 17, when she spent two months exploring Jamaica.

Italy
by Damien Simonis
Published 31 Jul 2010

Locally run tours, markets and courses are another good way to engage with the country and these are recommended throughout this guide. Carbon Offset Schemes Aviation is the fastest growing contributor to climate change. Yet it’s not exclusively bad; mile for mile, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted for one person driving a car is about as much as that per passenger on a plane. The problem with flying is not only the carbon (and other greenhouse gases, such as water vapour) emitted. At high altitude, these gases have a greater effect on climate change. Most forms of transport emit carbon dioxide to some degree and carbon offset schemes enable you to calculate your emissions so that you can invest in renewable energy schemes and reforestation projects that will reduce the emission of an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.

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The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow travellers to offset the level of greenhouse gases they are responsible for with financial contributions to sustainable schemes that reduce global warming – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff travel. For more information check out our website: www.lonelyplanet.com

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Ryanair’s budget flights to/from London Stansted, Dublin, Shannon and Paris currently use San Giuseppe airport (TSF; 0422 31 51 11; www.trevisoairport.it), about 5km southwest of Treviso and a 30km, one-hour drive from Venice. Low-cost airlines are a benefit to travellers, but a burden on the environment and Venice’s air quality; to travel with a cleaner conscience, consider a carbon-offset program (Click here). Airport bus services link both airports with Venice’s Piazzale Roma and Mestre, and the Alilaguna fast ferry runs from Marco Polo airport. ATVO’s Eurobus connects to Treviso’s San Giuseppe airport. For more details, Click here. . * * * TOP FIVE AVANT-GARDE ARTISANS IN VENICE Glass – find witty statement jewellery in handblown glass at Marina & Susanna Sent (Map; 041 520 81 36; www.marinaesusannasent.com; Campo San Vio, Dorsoduro 669; 10am-1pm & 3-6.30pm Tue-Sat, 3-6.30pm Mon): a double-strand necklace of large, clear glass ‘soap bubbles’, and an asymmetrical black leather collar with dollops of bright orange and red glass that looks like an artist’s palette.

Designing Search: UX Strategies for Ecommerce Success
by Greg Nudelman and Pabini Gabriel-Petit
Published 8 May 2011

UXmatters, May 11, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2009. Riflet, Guillaume. “Semapedia, or How to Link the Real World to Wikipedia.” Webtop Mania, August 26, 2008. Retrieved July 26, 2009. Smith, Gene. Tagging: People-Powered Metadata for the Social Web. Berkeley: Peachpit Press, 2008. Smolski, Roger. “Beer, Carbon Offset, and a QR Code Campaign.” 2d code, July 27, 2009. Retrieved July 26, 2010. Smolski, Roger. “QRCity Claimed by Senigallia.” 2d code, July 29, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2011. Sterling, Bruce. Shaping Things. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2005. Photosynth of the Obama inauguration, CNN, 2009.

The Plundered Planet: Why We Must--And How We Can--Manage Nature for Global Prosperity
by Paul Collier
Published 10 May 2010

The modern environmental variant of this moral framework is the sin of emission. The wages of sin have become global warming. Instead of frying in hell, we will fry on earth. And the modern variant of an indulgence is a carbon-trading right. The rich can keep committing sins of emission so long as they buy a carbon offset. Governments may well be attracted to carbon trading for the same reason as the medieval papacy: they are short of money and selling the trading rights would generate a lot of it. Just as the medieval popes could finance St. Peter’s, so President Obama could finance the budget deficit. The opportunism stems from the lobbying done to grab these rights.

Alone on the Wall: Alex Honnold and the Ultimate Limits of Adventure
by Alex Honnold and David Roberts
Published 2 Nov 2015

At first, I’d assumed that my carbon footprint would be much lower than that of the average American, because I lived in a van and didn’t own many possessions. But as I read more about the issue, I realized that the amount of flying that I did still left me near the highest percentile of environmental impact. My next thought was to buy carbon offsets—until I researched them and discovered that they weren’t the cure-all I was hoping for. Paying someone to plant trees in the First World seemed far less beneficial than providing clean energy in the developing world, though both could be considered to be offsetting carbon emissions. The first basically pays the rich while the second not only reduces fossil-fuel use but also improves standards of living by saving people money and reducing the health problems associated with burning things for fuel.

Escape From Model Land: How Mathematical Models Can Lead Us Astray and What We Can Do About It
by Erica Thompson
Published 6 Dec 2022

In this framework, a loss of air quality outside a school leading to a certain number of cases of respiratory disease or asthma could be fully or more than fully compensated for by the financial benefits of reduced commuting times. Typically, this commensurability is achieved by financialisation: putting a dollar value on everything. This is the underpinning logic of cost-benefit analysis, of ‘ecosystem services’ and of carbon offsetting. In some cases we are even trading off things that do indeed have the same units, but different distributional qualities: carbon emitted by one person, burning jet fuel in the engine of a frivolous flight to Las Vegas, compensated for by carbon sequestered in a bit of the Amazon rainforest that a small-scale farmer agrees not to cut down.

What's Mine Is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing the Way We Live
by Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers
Published 2 Jan 2010

No swipe card is even needed. And when drivers can’t find their cars in the parking lot, they can use the app to honk the car’s horn. Each bike in B-Cycle, the bike-sharing program that launched in Denver, Colorado, in April 2010, is outfitted with computers that track mileage, calories burned, and amount of carbon offset. This information is collected and available on your personal B-cycle Web page. B-Cycle demonstrates how cutting-edge design is being used not just to meet the basic need to get around but to make the bikes in the shared system more attractive than a bike you might own. There are so many different aspects of Collaborative Consumption in need of this user-driven design.

The New Class Conflict
by Joel Kotkin
Published 31 Aug 2014

The most effective approaches involve not reshaping lifestyles but incorporating new technologies. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency indicates that its fuel economy standards will reduce greenhouse gas emissions at a minus cost of $200 to $300 per ton.85 This compares to costs of $1,000 or more for densification strategies and a current market price for carbon offsets of under $15.86 A McKinsey and Company study concluded that sufficient greenhouse gas emissions reductions can be achieved with shifts in technology, such as greater use of natural gas or better mileage cars, that require “no change in thermostat settings or appliance use, no downsizing of vehicles, home or commercial space and traveling the same mileage” and no “shift to denser urban housing.”87 And if the looming climate apocalypse was not reason enough, others contend that suburban life and homeownership are doomed by demographic factors.

Lonely Planet London City Guide
by Tom Masters , Steve Fallon and Vesna Maric
Published 31 Jan 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Stephen Fry in America
by Stephen Fry
Published 1 Jan 2008

The taxi and I spend a happy half-hour carving huge donuts on the sand. At one point I get a little overexcited and plough right into the surf–huge quantities of salt water invade the bonnet. I only hope there won’t be Consequences. Some of you reading this are doubtless thinking that they would be fully deserved. All I can say in my defence is…er…carbon offset. I promise. Honest. Anyway. Moving on. The Galleria It would be madness to cover the United States without having investigated a little more deeply than one usually does the phenomenon of the Shopping Mall. In Europe we are used enough to these monstrous entities by now, but to visit one of the first and largest is nonetheless instructive.

Green Metropolis: Why Living Smaller, Living Closer, and Driving Less Are Thekeys to Sustainability
by David Owen
Published 16 Sep 2009

It’s a little like agreeing that your doctor was right when he urged you to get more exercise, but then—instead of simply jumping on your bike or going to the gym—analyzing your current activities and discovering that you’ve been burning more calories than you would have guessed while doing things like sleeping, showering, and sitting at your desk, and then deciding that you don’t need to make any lifestyle changes after all, because, it turns out, you’ve been getting more exercise all along. (So-called carbon-offset schemes are especially suspect, since they are highly vulnerable to exaggeration, self-deception, and fraud.) I recently heard a young couple debating whether it was environmentally more responsible to drink wine from California (transported across the United States by truck) or from France (transported across the Atlantic Ocean by ship).

The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies
by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee
Published 20 Jan 2014

• Nurture or celebrate special categories of work to be done by humans only. For instance, care for babies and young children, or perhaps the dying, might fall into this category. • Start a ‘made by humans’ labeling movement, similar to those now in place for organic foods, or award credits for companies that employ humans, similar to the carbon offsets that can be purchased. If some consumers wanted to increase the demand for human workers, such labels or credits would let them do so. • Provide vouchers for basic necessities like food, clothing, and housing, eliminating the extremes of poverty but letting the market manage income above that level

Frugal Innovation: How to Do Better With Less
by Jaideep Prabhu Navi Radjou
Published 15 Feb 2015

Western economies are becoming not only more inclusive but also more circular, as eco-aware customers aspire to live and work in energy-positive buildings and consume eco-friendly, recyclable products. To succeed in the emerging circular economy, companies must consider sustainability in their design decisions. They must reframe sustainability as being “more good” rather than “less bad”. Customers will chafe at the car company that buys carbon offsets while manufacturing gas-guzzlers, or the furniture supplier that campaigns to save the Amazon rainforest while depleting Indonesian forests to make its furniture. Greg Norris, a professor at Harvard School of Public Health, wants companies to increase their “handprint” – that is, the direct positive impact they can have (for example, generating potable water as a production by-product).

The Ecotechnic Future: Envisioning a Post-Peak World
by John Michael Greer
Published 30 Sep 2009

It is printed on Forest Stewardship Council-certified acid-free paper that is 100% post-consumer recycled (100% old growth forest-free), processed chlorine free, and printed with vegetable-based, low-VOC inks, with covers produced using FSC-certified stock. Additionally, New Society purchases carbon offsets based on an annual audit, operating with a carbon-neutral footprint. For further information, or to browse our full list of books and purchase securely, visit our website at: www.newsociety.com www.newsociety.com Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Norman Foster: A Life in Architecture
by Deyan Sudjic
Published 1 Sep 2010

At a philosophical scale, he has the utopian streak inherited from Buckminster Fuller, complete with all the attendant inherent paradoxes. He is patently sincere about the green imperative, but he nevertheless leaves a conspicuous carbon footprint as he constantly criss-crosses the globe, underwritten by a personal carbon offset scheme. In his House of Lords speech he described design as: a core, primary activity because anything in any part of the world that we inhabit has to be made. But before it is made it has to be designed. There are no exceptions, whether it is on the scale of a city, the infrastructure of its buildings, the equipment in them, the infrastructure of streets and public spaces, pavements, the paving slabs, the door handles and even the invisible digital electronic world – it all has to be designed.

AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order
by Kai-Fu Lee
Published 14 Sep 2018

Instead, it is imperative that we reimagine and reinvigorate corporate social responsibility, impact investing, and social entrepreneurship. In the past, these were the kinds of things that businesspeople merely dabbled in when they had time and money to spare. Sure, they think, why not throw some money into a microfinance startup or buy some corporate carbon offsets so we can put out a happy press release touting it. But in the age of AI, we will need to seriously deepen our commitment to—and broaden our definition of—these activities. Whereas these have previously focused on feel-good philanthropic issues like environmental protection and poverty alleviation, social impact in the age of AI must also take on a new dimension: the creation of large numbers of service jobs for displaced workers.

Infonomics: How to Monetize, Manage, and Measure Information as an Asset for Competitive Advantage
by Douglas B. Laney
Published 4 Sep 2017

With a system that tracks the keg contents via sensors, the company provides real-time insights to all supply chain stake-holders such as the retailer, brewer, distributor, and brand managers via a mobile app.1213 In the rarest of circumstances, even dark data can be in the form of oral history. The forty-thousand-year knowledge base of the indigenous people living on the Fish River pastoral property in Australia’s Northern Territory has been monetized, in compliance with the Kyoto Protocol treaty on climate change, into almost AU$600,000 in payments for carbon offset credits. With the support of the Indigenous Land Corporation, the indigenous peoples’ vast experience in land management is generating credits from low-carbon emissions dry savanna burning which have been purchased by Caltex.14 Commercial Data For many years, industry-specific data aggregators (D&B, IMS, Equifax, Nielsen, and Experian, for example) have offered syndicated credit, real estate, postal, household, and other information by subscription.

The Challenge for Africa
by Wangari Maathai
Published 6 Apr 2009

While the industrialized world can help mitigate the effects of climate change by supplying Africa with appropriate technology, the continent itself can do its part by prioritizing the protection and rehabilitation of its forests. All governments must make a concerted effort to stop unsustainable logging and find mechanisms, such as reforestation programs, whereby the poor can secure a livelihood by protecting and not degrading their environment. Well-managed, participatory tree-planting programs that serve as carbon offsets for industrial-country emissions are an important mechanism to support responsible global warming mitigation efforts in developing countries. The Green Belt Movement, for example, is working with the World Bank's BioCarbon Fund through an Emission Reductions Purchase Agreement (ERPA) to continue reforestation efforts in Mount Kenya's and the Aberdares' forests, the shamba system notwithstanding.

Life After Google: The Fall of Big Data and the Rise of the Blockchain Economy
by George Gilder
Published 16 Jul 2018

Another ex-Googler also encouraged Balaban. Ken Patchett, who built Google’s green field data centers in Asia and then went on to build data centers for Facebook, explained to him the sources of the excess costs in data centers. There was all that 24/7 reliability, redundancy, and battery backup, all the costly carbon offset energy cosmetics, all the high-end ASICS and air conditioning. Perhaps the giant Google data fortresses around the world were becoming seriously suboptimal in FLOPS per watt and FLOPS per dollar. They sure can do searches, but a new Bell’s Law regime is at hand—a new era of decentralization, face recognition in handsets, datacenters in cars and in movable containers—opening up a new era of “sky” computing, dispersing the clouds.

Nomad Century: How Climate Migration Will Reshape Our World
by Gaia Vince
Published 22 Aug 2022

There is a Solar Radiation Management Governance Initiative, but it lacks authority and has no clear mandate.23 There are those who believe that if we take the ‘easy’ option of cooling by geoengineering, we won’t put in the same effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. There is certainly no shortage of emitters trying to avoid or delay decarbonization commitments using carbon offsets as a tactic, so regulators must take precautions that geoengineering is used in addition to, not instead of, emission reduction. There is also a moral queasiness from some sectors about using technology to fix the global heating caused by our ‘bad’ polluting behaviour; a puritanical zeal in insisting people drastically curb their lifestyles, for instance advocating negative growth, as a – perhaps morally better?

How to Spend a Trillion Dollars
by Rowan Hooper
Published 15 Jan 2020

As we’ve seen in chapter 4, that land cannot be used without capitulating to the mass extinction we’re already seeing, and adding to the deterioration of the Earth system. We’re already losing too much land to livestock rearing and degradation from poor agricultural practice. But, if we could roll out BECCS on a grand scale on a sustainable basis, we could get as much as 5 gigatonnes of CO2 per year out of the sky.22 We will need to start a verified carbon offset scheme. Pay to offset your emissions and we’ll suck CO2 out of the air. We’ll offer services to manufacturers so they can sell products that are guaranteed carbon neutral or even carbon negative. Instead of wearing a designer label or being seen drinking Crístal Champagne, consumers will show off their negativity by buing offset products.

The Rough Guide to Seoul
by Rough Guides
Published 26 Sep 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from other Asian countries There are flights to Incheon from many cities across Japan (from $150 return) and China (starting at around $250 return from the major east-coast cities, but often cheaper from Qingdao).

The Upside of Inequality
by Edward Conard
Published 1 Sep 2016

Climate-change activists, like Al Gore and Leonardo DiCaprio, provide good examples of this kind of self-deception. They fly private jets spewing carbon dioxide while admonishing the public to limit carbon emissions, as if their crusade for the greater good exempts them from the very thing that they insist is immoral. Of course Gore, DiCaprio, and others like them buy carbon offsets to soothe their guilt and hypocrisy. But it shouldn’t. Again, who really paid for their offsets? . . . the rest of the world of course. They could have flown commercial and bought offsets anyway or used the money they would have used to buy offsets to help the world in other ways—to reduce poverty, for example.

An Economist Gets Lunch: New Rules for Everyday Foodies
by Tyler Cowen
Published 11 Apr 2012

In order not to thwart a new Green Revolution, we need to remember that technology and business are a big part of what makes the world gentle and fun. 8 Eating Your Way to a Greener Planet Who is the greenest man or woman alive? Is it Ed Begley, the well-known actor and environmental activist? Ed tries not to fly at all, but when he must he purchases a $5.95 carbon offset to reverse the carbon impact of his trip. Since 1990 Ed has hooked up his bicycle exercise machine to a battery, which he uses for toasting bread. He also claims he has reduced his weekly waste to a physical size that would fit inside a glove compartment, mostly by eliminating paper from his life.

Cockpit Confidential: Everything You Need to Know About Air Travel: Questions, Answers, and Reflections
by Patrick Smith
Published 6 May 2013

We’ll still have airplanes, but the binge flyers will be long gone in the face of higher fares. Several carriers are experimenting with biofuel alternatives to jet fuel. Air Canada, Qantas, United, and All Nippon Airways are among those that have operated revenue flights powered completely or partly by biofuel. In the meantime, many airlines allow passengers to purchase inexpensive carbon offsets when booking online. Or, for a small fee, there are third-party organizations that will offset the estimated CO2 of your journey, investing the money in sustainable energy projects. Now forget emissions for a minute and let’s talk about other kinds of pollution: One thing that always shocks me is the amount of material waste—namely plastics, paper, Styrofoam, and aluminum—thrown away by airlines and their customers.

The Intelligence Trap: Revolutionise Your Thinking and Make Wiser Decisions
by David Robson
Published 7 Mar 2019

For more controversial topics, it is also possible to reduce people’s motivated reasoning in the way you frame the issue. If you are trying to discuss the need for companies to pay for the fossil fuels they consume, for example, you are more likely to win over conservative voters by calling it a ‘carbon offset’ rather than a ‘tax’, which is a more loaded term and triggers their political identity. Although my own browse of various public health websites suggests that many institutions still have a long way to go, there are some signs of movement. In 2017, the World Health Organisation announced that they had now adopted these guidelines to deal with the misinformation spread by ‘anti-vaccination’ campaigners.22 But how can we protect ourselves?

The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming
by David Wallace-Wells
Published 19 Feb 2019

a longer letter, typed: For an in-depth account of this letter, see Theodore Parisienne et al., “Famed Gay Rights Lawyer Sets Himself on Fire at Prospect Park in Protest Suicide Against Fossil Fuels,” New York Daily News, April 14, 2018. moral arms race: Citizens who now clean their consciences with philanthropic donations directed toward medical research, college scholarships, or museums and literary magazines may begin increasingly to do so by buying carbon offsets or investing in carbon-capture funds (indeed, some progressive nations may invest the proceeds of carbon taxes directly into CCS and BECCS). Progressive scientists will apply gene therapy to climate change, as they have already begun to do with the woolly mammoth—which they hope, once brought back to life, might restore the grasslands of the Eurasian steppe and prevent methane release from permafrost—and will probably do soon with the mosquito, hoping to eradicate mosquito-borne disease.

The End of Growth: Adapting to Our New Economic Reality
by Richard Heinberg
Published 1 Jun 2011

Our printed, bound books are printed on Forest Stewardship Council-certified acid-free paper that is 100% post-consumer recycled (100% old growth forest-free), processed chlorine free, and printed with vegetable-based, low-VOC inks, with covers produced using FSC-certified stock. New Society also works to reduce its carbon footprint, and purchases carbon offsets based on an annual audit to ensure a carbon neutral footprint. For further information, or to browse our full list of books and purchase securely, visit our website at: www.newsociety.com Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Heinberg, Richard The end of growth : adapting to our new economic reality / Richard Heinberg.

The new village green: living light, living local, living large
by Stephen Morris
Published 1 Sep 2007

His sharp wit, strong ideals about local agriculture, and simple way of explaining even the most complex issues gave me hope and kept me laughing. What’s your environmental vice? 218 chapter 8 : The Good Life I fly to France once or twice a year to visit my wife’s family and vacation. I do plan to start buying carbon offsets, which should make eating Camembert and baguette nearly guilt-free. How do you spend your free time (if you have any)? Read any good books lately? Before I started the business, when I had free time, I spent most of it outdoors, kayaking Casco Bay, hiking in the White Mountains, and cross-country skiing the Maine woods.

An Optimist's Tour of the Future
by Mark Stevenson
Published 4 Dec 2010

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates there are 3.5 billion hectares of agricultural grasslands on our planet. If we could increase organic matter in these by one per cent, this would offset nearly twelve years of global CO2 emissions. Some nations have already caught on. In July 2009, the Portuguese government introduced a multimillion-dollar soil carbon offset scheme based on dryland pasture improvement covering forty-two thousand hectares and compliant with the Kyoto Protocol. The scheme pays farmers to establish biodiverse pastures to increase soil carbon. Paying farmers for soil carbon increases could encourage more landowners to follow Andrew and Megan’s example, and this is something Bruce and Tony have been tirelessly campaigning for.

Invention: A Life
by James Dyson
Published 6 Sep 2021

They have been able to do this not least because, by offsetting the zero emissions of the electric cars they produce against gas and diesel cars, they can be shown to be meeting environmental targets. So, electric cars which are much more expensive to make are mostly sold at a loss. Tesla even sells its carbon offsets to internal combustion engine manufacturers for many millions of dollars to boost its income. I am not sure about the ethics of that transaction. The extent of the incumbent car manufacturers’ volte-face switch to electric cars, a delayed reaction to “Dieselgate” on their part, had become apparent by 2019, meaning that it would be hard for us to compete at our elevated price and risky for us to proceed.

How to Talk to a Science Denier: Conversations With Flat Earthers, Climate Deniers, and Others Who Defy Reason
by Lee McIntyre
Published 14 Sep 2021

I already knew he was a liberal. And a scientist! After college Ted had traveled the world doing firsthand ecological research, then came back and got a graduate degree. Now, with his wife, he ran a conservation research institute devoted to saving native species and their habitats. When I donated money for the carbon offsets after my trip to the Maldives, I sent Ted a check to plant a quarter-acre of trees on one of his projects.9 On climate issues, his beliefs were solidly in the scientific mainstream. But on GMOs? We closed with my plea for him to take a day and think it over, then let me know whether I could use him for my project.

The Evolution of Everything: How New Ideas Emerge
by Matt Ridley

We are told that we are sinning (by emitting CO2), that we have original sin (human greed), which has banished us from Eden (the pre-industrial world), for which we must confess (by condemning irresponsible consumerism), atone (by paying carbon taxes), repent (insisting that politicians pay lip service to climate-change alarm), and seek salvation (sustainability). The wealthy can buy indulgences (carbon offsets) so as to keep flying their private jets, but none must depart from faith (in carbon dioxide) as set out in scripture (the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). It is the duty of all to condemn heretics (the ‘deniers’), venerate saints (Al Gore), heed the prophets (of the IPCC).

The Age of Entitlement: America Since the Sixties
by Christopher Caldwell
Published 21 Jan 2020

Cheddar, a live-streaming financial news channel founded by a former employee of BuzzFeed and aimed at younger viewers, ran a story and video explaining how a “Luxury Fashion Line Empowers Women” while “employing formerly incarcerated women” and “supporting an amazing, amazing crowd-funding campaign . . . that helps people carbon-offset,” according to a co-founder, the actress Alysia Reiner. The Silicon Valley–based online magazine Ozy, funded by Steve Jobs’s widow, Laurene, and the German media conglomerate Springer, showcased a similar mix of entrepreneurship and civil rights. “Jackie Robinson, Business Pioneer” was a not-atypical story.

The Great Displacement: Climate Change and the Next American Migration
by Jake Bittle
Published 21 Feb 2023

Given the slow pace of government action in the United States and other developed countries, it will be impossible to achieve a carbon-neutral planet without some contribution from private industry. But these private pronouncements must be taken with an even larger fistful of salt. Several of the most ambitious corporate net-zero pledges rely on the purchase of misleading “carbon offsets,” such as when a company pays to protect a patch of forest from future logging; other pledges may be little more than publicity stunts, with no real enforcement mechanisms. Furthermore, the largest companies have the most complex supply chains, and rely on countless contractors and business partners, so it may be difficult for them to reduce emissions even if their executives act.

Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of Energy Independence
by Robert Bryce
Published 16 Mar 2011

Available: http://www.nationmaster .com/graph/ene_oil_con_percap-energy-oil-consumption-per-capita. The same source puts U.S. per capita use at 2.89 gallons/day/person. 83. John Lanchester, “Warmer, Warmer,” London Review of Books, March 22, 2007. Available: http://www.lrb.co.uk/v29/n06/lanc01_.html. 84. Allison Linn, “Market for Carbon Offsets Raises Questions,” May 29, 2007. Available: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18659716. 85. Ed Pilkington, “An Inconvenient Truth: Eco-Warrior Al Gore’s Bloated Gas and Electricity Bills,” The Guardian, February 28, 2007. Available: http://environment .guardian.co.uk/energy/story/0,,2022934,00.html. 86.

Wasteland: The Dirty Truth About What We Throw Away, Where It Goes, and Why It Matters
by Oliver Franklin-Wallis
Published 21 Jun 2023

‘It’s the organic matter that’s important. They’re slow releasing, whereas a bag of fertiliser, it’s going to do exactly what it says on the label, and quickly.’ Lately, however, farmers have started to show a renewed interest in compost, due to the growing evidence of its role in improving long-term soil health. ‘Now because of carbon offsetting, it’s really helpful for the farmers to put the compost into their field. And they’ll probably be able to claim a grant for that soon,’ he says. And if anything is going to convince farmers, it’s money. In England, the challenge for composters is made harder by the haphazard means by which waste disposal is governed – waste policy is set not by central government but by 333 different local authorities.

Frommer's Mexico 2009
by David Baird , Lynne Bairstow , Joy Hepp and Juan Christiano
Published 2 Sep 2008

P L A N N I N G YO U R T R I P TO M E X I C O Tips It’s Easy Being Green Here are a few ways you can help conserve fuel and energy when you travel: • Each time you take a flight or drive a car, greenhouse gases release into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to the planet through “carbon offsetting”—paying someone to invest your money in programs that reduce your greenhouse gas emissions by the same amount you’ve added. Before buying carbon offset credits, just make sure that you’re using a reputable company, one with a proven program that invests in renewable energy. Reliable carbon offset companies include Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass. org), and Carbon Neutral (www.carbonneutral.org). • Whenever possible, choose nonstop flights; they generally require less fuel than indirect flights that stop and take off again.

Egypt
by Matthew Firestone
Published 13 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by Climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Frommer's Seattle 2010
by Karl Samson
Published 10 Mar 2010

The Green Directory (www.thegreendirectory.com.au), Green Pages (www.thegreenpages.com.au), and Eco Directory (www.ecodirectory.com.au) offer sustainable travel tips and directories of green businesses. • Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and Carbon Neutral (www.carbonneutral.org) provide info on “carbon offsetting,” or offsetting the greenhouse gas emitted during flights. • Greenhotels (www.greenhotels.com) recommends green-rated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company’s stringent environmental requirements. Environmentally Friendly Hotels (www.environmentallyfriendlyhotels.com) offers more green accommodations ratings.

The Rough Guide to Amsterdam
by Martin Dunford , Phil Lee and Karoline Thomas
Published 4 Jan 2010

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Getting there | Flights from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa There are no direct flights to the Netherlands from Australia and New Zealand: all involve at least one stop.

Frommer's Kauai
by Jeanette Foster
Published 27 Feb 2004

The Green Directory (www.thegreendirectory.com.au), Green Pages (www.thegreen pages.com.au), and Eco Directory (www.ecodirectory.com.au) offer sustainable travel tips and directories of green businesses. • Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org), TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and Carbon Neutral (www.carbonneutral.org) provide info on “carbon offsetting,” or offsetting the greenhouse gas emitted during flights. • Greenhotels (www.greenhotels.com) recommends green-rated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company’s stringent environmental requirements. Environmentally Friendly Hotels (www.environmentally friendlyhotels.com) offers more green accommodation ratings.

Straphanger
by Taras Grescoe
Published 8 Sep 2011

Acknowledgments Every book is a voyage, but this one felt like a three-year train trip—on good days by bullet train, but more often by sparking, backsliding, Toonerville trolley. Fortunately, there were people at every station stop to show me the right track; without them, I never would have made it home. (Not all of my travel was by train, of course; all flight mileage incurred in researching this book was matched by carbon offsets bought from the UK-based ClimateCare.) First of all, thanks to my agent, Michelle Tessler, a woman who can work wonders in the most challenging environments, and Webster Younce, formerly of Henry Holt, who responded so enthusiastically to my carnet de voyage. My editor at Holt, Gillian Blake, provided advice, encouragement, and spot-on trimming, and the interest of Jim Gifford at HarperCollins in all things urban made it a pleasure to work with him.

Imagine a City: A Pilot's Journey Across the Urban World
by Mark Vanhoenacker
Published 14 Aug 2022

Even seasoned travelers may find Lonely Planet’s recent (2020) The Sustainable Travel Handbook a useful read before a trip. During and after a trip, local advice is, of course, best. The same book offers guidance on how to travel in a more environmentally friendly manner—a topic much on the mind of those who work in aviation and the wider travel and tourism industry—and addresses such issues as biofuels and carbon offsets. With the exception of the London section of the final chapter (the one in which I’m wearing a mask) the last of the trips that this book is based on took place in February 2020—and most took place long before that—after which the world of aviation was altered. Studying and guiding the long-term impact of the pandemic on cities will no doubt be a generation’s work for urbanologists, architects, planners, and leaders.

When McKinsey Comes to Town: The Hidden Influence of the World's Most Powerful Consulting Firm
by Walt Bogdanich and Michael Forsythe
Published 3 Oct 2022

The group warned that McKinsey’s continued work to help polluters profit “poses serious risk to our reputation, our client relationships,” and the firm’s ability to attract talented people. “For several years, we have been telling the world to be bold and align to a 1.5C emissions pathway; it is long overdue that we take our own advice,” they wrote. The group said that by 2030 McKinsey should remove all the carbon the firm has emitted since its founding in 1926, by buying carbon offsets. Much more important, the group said McKinsey should disclose information about its clients’ total emissions, push all of its clients to align with the UN’s pathway of 1.5 degrees Celsius, and use the firm’s reputation and influence “to convene broad coalitions and guide the orderly transition from a carbon-centric economy.”

Investing Amid Low Expected Returns: Making the Most When Markets Offer the Least
by Antti Ilmanen
Published 24 Feb 2022

Finally, many institutions seek to make measurable impact on climate and have made aggressive (up to “net zero”) carbon commitments with a certain horizon date, perhaps without considering how realistic such goals are. Just underweighting or even excluding the brown industries may not be enough because almost all companies have at least some emissions. Shortselling the worst offenders and/or trading carbon offsets and permissions may be more realistic ways to reach the most aggressive goals.8 Notes 1 This chapter leans heavily on the published work of my AQR colleagues Jeff Dunn, Shaun Fitzgibbons, Chris Palazzolo, Lasse Pedersen and, especially, Lukasz Pomorski – as attested by references to this chapter. 2 For example, even if a manager's expected return forecast may include ESG, other information it consists of may more than offset a stock's poor ESG profile and still produce an attractive overall evaluation. 3 I use, for convenience, terms “green” versus “brown” firms, which are associated with climate change concerns.

Hawaii
by Jeff Campbell
Published 4 Nov 2009

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Hawaii Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

If you need to rent your own wheels during your trip, try to choose the most fuel-efficient vehicle. Book in advance for hybrid or biofueled cars, now offered by some major international car-rental agencies as well as local independent businesses that maintain small fleets of Toyota Priuses, biodiesel VW Beetles, Smart cars etc. Looking for a carbon-offsetting program for your airline flights? ClimateCare (www.climatecare.org) funds pro-environment projects in the developing world. Focused on Hawaii's natural and cultural beauty, the website Alternative Hawaii (www.alternative-hawaii.com) offers hundreds of ecofriendly tourism listings, from accommodations and restaurants to tours and events.

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Respect all 'No Trespassing – Kapu' and ʻPrivate Property' signs, unless a trustworthy local resident says it's actually OK. Helicopter rides Some places in Hawaii you can't reach except by air. However, as air tours increase, aircraft noise disturbs visitors and island residents on the ground, and it stresses bird populations. If you do fly, pick the most fuel-efficient helicopter possible, and consider carbon offsetting your flight. 4WDs & ATVs Always stay on the road, track or pre-established trail. Off-roading, even on private land, can cause scars on the land that may take decades to heal. Better yet, consider mountain biking or hiking as an alternative, llow-impact way of exploring the landscape. CLOSE ENCOUNTERS: DOLPHIN SWIMS Signing up for a 'dolphin encounter' in Hawaii deserves careful consideration.

Moby-Duck: The True Story of 28,800 Bath Toys Lost at Sea and of the Beachcombers, Oceanographers, Environmentalists, and Fools, Including the Author, Who Went in Search of Them
by Donovan Hohn
Published 1 Jan 2010

They gutted it, wrapped it in foil, and baked it among the cinders “barbarian style,” and when it was done, they passed the foil package around, and we plucked out steaming morsels of the pink flesh with our fingers, and when there was none left we cooked hot dogs on sharpened alder branches, and Ted Raynor gave a speech about making Mother Nature happy. We’d restored this awesome place to the way Mother Nature had intended it, he said. Although I found his pantheism sentimental and suspect, the mood of beery triumph was infectious. Far, far away, in the lower forty-eight, green consumers were shopping for carbon offsets and energy-efficient lightbulbs. Meanwhile, this merry band of rugged eco-mercenaries or conservationists or remediation contractors or whatever the hell they were had ridden out into the wilderness to do battle against pollution, and the impact of their actions could be reckoned in tons. We stayed late, tossing the empties into the fire, where the labels sizzled away and the aluminum whitened.

Diet for a New America
by John Robbins

And because changing our diets is something we all can do today, it is almost certainly the single most important key any individual holds to stabilizing our climate before it is too late. Writing in the Washington Post, Ezra Klein spoke of why eating less meat is so clearly the best option: Eating pasta…doesn’t require a long commute on the bus or the disposable income to trade up to a Prius. It doesn’t mean you have to scrounge for change to buy a carbon offset. In fact, it saves money. It’s healthful. And it can be done immediately. A Montanan who drives 40 miles to work might not have the option to take public transportation. But he or she can probably pull off a veggie stew. A cash-strapped family might not be able to buy a [more efficient] new dishwasher.

The Rough Guide to Vienna
by Humphreys, Rob

Try to patronize businesses that take account of this. • Travel with a purpose, not just to tick off experiences. Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by train or bus or boat where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon-offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Brussels. From there, the most direct, and usually the cheapest, route is via Cologne (Köln), from which there’s an overnight service to Vienna.

Barcelona
by Damien Simonis
Published 9 Dec 2010

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change believes aviation is responsible for 4.9% of climate change – double the effect of its COâ, emissions alone. Lonely Planet regards travel as a global benefit. We encourage the use of more climate-friendly travel modes where possible and, together with other concerned partners across many industries, we support the carbon offset scheme run by ClimateCare. Websites such as climatecare.org use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow people to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to portfolios of climate-friendly initiatives throughout the developing world. Lonely Planet offsets the carbon footprint of all staff and author travel

Overbooked: The Exploding Business of Travel and Tourism
by Elizabeth Becker
Published 16 Apr 2013

In other words, educate the tourists and the companies they use to travel. To that end, Goodwin concentrates on working with the industry and governments and not with nonprofit groups or activists. “The private sector is achieving far more than the NGOs,” he wrote, dismissing programs such as community-based tourism, ecotourism, carbon offsetting, global sustainable-tourism criteria as “superficially attractive” but unproven. Through his teaching, Goodwin says he has trained tourism professionals who work around the world to transform the industry from within by creating tourist operations that put sustainability into practice. He gives Responsible Tourism awards to what he considers good examples of responsible tourism.

Discover Caribbean Islands
by Lonely Planet

Among the main issues: Ports of Call 1 BRIDGETOWN, BARBADOS (Click here) 2 ROSEAU, DOMINICA (Click here) 3 ST GEORGE’S, GRENADA (Click here) 4 OLD SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO (Click here) 5 GRAND TURK, TURKS & CAICOS (Click here) Air pollution According to UK-based Climate Care, a carbon offsetting company, cruise ships emit more carbon per passenger than airplanes – nearly twice as much – and that’s not including the flights that most passengers take to get to their point of departure. Most ships burn low-grade bunker fuel, which contains more sulfur and particulates than higher-quality fuel.

The Rough Guide to Cape Town, Winelands & Garden Route
by Rough Guides , James Bembridge and Barbara McCrea
Published 4 Jan 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from the UK and Ireland From London there are nonstop flights to Cape Town with British Airways (ba.com), and more flights via Johannesburg (often a cheaper option). Flying time from the UK to Cape Town is around twelve hours and average high-season scheduled direct fares from London start around £1000.

The Rough Guide to Berlin
by Rough Guides

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from the UK and Ireland Direct scheduled flights to Berlin are available from London airports with British Airways, easyJet, Eurowings, Lufthansa, Norwegian and Ryanair. Other UK airports with direct flights to Berlin include Birmingham (Air Berlin, Lufthansa, Norwegian, Eurowings); Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Liverpool, Newcastle and Manchester (easyJet, Eurowings); Leeds (Jet2); and Nottingham (Ryanair).

The Rough Guide to Finland
by Rough Guides
Published 31 May 2010

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. < Back to Getting there Getting around Save for the fact that traffic tends to follow a north–south pattern, you’ll have few headaches getting around the more populated parts of Finland.

Lonely Planet Mexico
by John Noble , Kate Armstrong , Greg Benchwick , Nate Cavalieri , Gregor Clark , John Hecht , Beth Kohn , Emily Matchar , Freda Moon and Ellee Thalheimer
Published 2 Jan 1992

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the USA will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

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Travelers can help fortify Mexican culture by visiting community museums, buying local crafts, demonstrating that they value local customs and traditions, and supporting community tourism programs. Getting There & Around Many tourists have no option but to fly to Mexico, with an inevitable contribution to greenhouse gases. Carbon offset schemes can at least help to neutralize that effect – see the boxed text,. Getting around Mexico you’ll inevitably use motor vehicles unless you’re a very committed cyclist. (The country’s passenger rail system died in the 1990s.) But once you’re based in a place for a few days, you can get out on your own feet or maybe horseback or a bike (bike culture is on the rise in Mexico), or ride the metro systems in the three big cities.

Costa Rica
by Matthew Firestone , Carolina Miranda and César G. Soriano
Published 2 Jan 2008

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

The Rough Guide to Jerusalem
by Daniel Jacobs
Published 10 Jan 2000

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Swiss US & Canada t 1-877/3597-947, UK t0845/601 0956, Ireland t1890/200 515, Australia t 1300/724 666, New Zealand t09/977 2238; w www.swiss.com.

Countdown: Our Last, Best Hope for a Future on Earth?
by Alan Weisman
Published 23 Sep 2013

They’ve nurtured community forests around every settlement to replace trees that ended up as charcoal, rail ties, or roof beams. To dampen fuel wood demand, WWF has brought in solar panels, LED lighting, induction stoves, and biogenerators that yield cooking gas from vats of cow dung slurry and people’s privies. In an inspired stroke, they realized that this qualified for carbon offset credits that they could sell in international investment markets to finance more conservation. They’ve taught people to grow and press chamomile, citronella, mint, and lemongrass into marketable oils. They’ve negotiated tourism revenue sharing for people who live alongside wildlife preserves, such as the hundred thousand around the edges of Bardia National Park.

When the Heavens Went on Sale: The Misfits and Geniuses Racing to Put Space Within Reach
by Ashlee Vance
Published 8 May 2023

On a base level, we can, all too depressingly, measure how much the rain forest shrinks each year. But we can also now hold people accountable for their actions. Numerous lawsuits in South America have been filed, and sometimes won, in which the satellite imagery has been the key evidence demonstrating that a company illegally cut down trees. Planet’s images are adding muscle to carbon-offsetting programs as well. Auditors can use the company’s software to check that a company that promised to plant a certain number of trees on someone’s behalf actually did so. The commercial uses for this type of technology pay Planet’s bills. The US government shells out tens of millions of dollars per year to analyze the company’s images in a variety of ways, stretching from intelligence gathering to environmental work.

Greece
by Korina Miller
Published 1 Mar 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives
by Steven Levy
Published 12 Apr 2011

Eventually Google figured out a way to balance its corporate conscience with the concept of running ads that didn’t meet a standard of healthy living. In 2003, Alana Karen took charge of a program called Google Grants, which gives free ads to nonprofit, socially beneficial organizations. “It’s like carbon offsets,” she explains. Google came to see the AOL deal as a tipping point. Before AOL, it had a limited inventory of searches that would be relevant to a given keyword—if you were selling ski equipment in early 2002, your ads would run only in response to people who typed a keyword that involved winter sports.

Central America
by Carolyn McCarthy , Greg Benchwick , Joshua Samuel Brown , Alex Egerton , Matthew Firestone , Kevin Raub , Tom Spurling and Lucas Vidgen
Published 2 Jan 2001

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world — including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

California
by Sara Benson
Published 15 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Frommer's Mexico 2008
by David Baird , Juan Cristiano , Lynne Bairstow and Emily Hughey Quinn
Published 21 Sep 2007

Hostels.com offers a list of hostels in Mexico City, Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Puerto Escondido, Uxmal, Palenque, Tulum, Cancún, and Playa del Carmen. 52 C H A P T E R 2 . P L A N N I N G YO U R T R I P TO M E X I C O 11 Sustainable Tourism/Ecotourism Each time you take a flight or drive a car CO2 is released into the atmosphere. You can help neutralize this danger to our planet through “carbon offsetting”—paying someone to reduce your CO2 emissions by the same amount you’ve added. Carbon offsets can be purchased in the U.S. from companies such as Carbon fund.org (www.carbonfund.org) and TerraPass (www.terrapass.org), and from Climate Care (www.climatecare.org) in the U.K. Although one could argue that any vacation that includes an airplane flight can’t be truly “green,” you can go on holiday and still contribute positively to the environment.

Ireland (Lonely Planet, 9th Edition)
by Fionn Davenport
Published 15 Jan 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

The Rough Guide to Florence & the Best of Tuscany
by Tim Jepson , Jonathan Buckley and Rough Guides
Published 2 Mar 2009

But we also believe in travelling responsibly, which includes giving thought to how often we fly and what we can do to redress any harm that our trips may create. We can travel less or simply reduce the amount we travel by air (taking fewer trips and staying longer, or taking the train if there is one); we can avoid night flights (which are more damaging); and we can make the trips we do take “climate neutral” via a carbon offset scheme. Offset schemes run by climatecare.org, carbonneutral .com and others allow you to “neutralize” the greenhouse gases that you are responsible for releasing. Their websites have simple calculators that let you work out the impact of any flight – as does our own. Once that’s done, you can pay to fund projects that will reduce future emissions by an equivalent amount.

The Rough Guide to Korea
by Rough Guides
Published 24 Sep 2018

We feel that travelling is the best way to understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – plus tourism has brought a great deal of benefit to developing economies around the world over the last few decades. But the growth in tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is exacerbated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ trips are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Ferries Flights aside, access from abroad takes the form of ferries from Japan or China, possibly via a ride on the Trans-Siberian Railway (see seat61.com for more information). There are several ferry routes from China’s eastern coast ( for information on departure days and journey times), almost all of which head to Incheon’s international termini.

England
by David Else
Published 14 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household”s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use “carbon calculators” that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world — including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Germany
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 17 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Frommer's New Mexico
by Lesley S. King
Published 2 Jan 1999

Sustainable Travel International (www. sustainabletravelinternational.org) promotes ethical tourism practices, and manages an extensive directory of sustainable properties and tour operators around the world. W Carbonfund (www.carbonfund. org), TerraPass (www.terrapass. org), and Cool Climate (http:// coolclimate.berkeley.edu) provide travel info on “carbon offsetting,” or offsetting the greenhouse gas emitted during flights. W Greenhotels (www.greenhotels. com) recommends green-rated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company’s stringent environmental requirements. Environmentally Friendly Hotels (www.environmentallyfriendly hotels.com) offers more green accommodation ratings.

Frommer's Los Angeles 2010
by Matthew Richard Poole
Published 28 Sep 2009

See also L.A.’s Westside & Beverly Hills trolley tours, 195 Bey’s Garden, 240 Big Blue Bus, 32 Bigfoot Rapids (Knott’s Berry Farm), 232 Big Thunder Mountain Railroad (Disneyland), 218 Biking and mountain biking, 204–205 Santa Barbara, 309–310 Santa Catalina Island, 302 the South Coast, 290 tours, 194 Billy Martin’s, 238 Bing Children’s Garden, 189 Biplane, Air Combat & Warbird Adventures (Carlsbad), 291 Bird-Watching Experience, 203 Blazing Saddles Bike Rentals, 205 Bliss Los Angeles, 256 Blues and jazz, 264–265 The Boardwalk (Knott’s Berry Farm), 231 Boating (boat rentals and charters), 203, 208 Santa Barbara, 310 Bob Hope Airport, 29–30 Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, 23 Bob’s Frolic Room I, 267 Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve, 289 Books, recommended, 19 Book Soup, 238, 250–251 Bookstores, 250–252 Boomerang (Knott’s Berry Farm), 231 Borders, 251 Botanical gardens, 188–189 The Bowery, 267 Boyle Heights, 177–178 Bradbury Building, 16–17, 183 Brando, Marlon, 154 Brentwood, 55 Brentwood Country Mart, 237 The Brig, 267–268 Brinkerhoff Avenue (Santa Barbara), 311 Brion, Jon, 263 Broad Contemporary Art Museum, 168 Bulgari, 237 Buoys and Gulls (Santa Catalina Island), 305 Burbank, 56 Burberry, 237 Business hours, 316 Bus travel, 32, 36–37 Busy Bee (Santa Catalina Island), 305 Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters (Disneyland), 220 C alendar of events, 23–27 Calico Railroad (Knott’s Berry Farm), 230 California African American Museum, 170, 172 California Poppy Blooming Season (Antelope Valley), 24 California Science Center, 172 California Screamin’ (Disney’s California Adventure), 221 Camera Obscura, 175 Campo Gorilla Reserve, 190 Camp Snoopy (Knott’s Berry Farm), 232 Cape Canyon (Santa Catalina Island), 299 Capitol Records Building, 16 Carbon offsetting, 48 Car culture, 19–20 Car rentals, 35–36 for disabled travelers, 43 environmentallyfriendly, 47 John Wayne Airport (Anaheim), 214 Car travel, 30–32 driving tips, 34–35 safety concerns, 41 Casino Building (Santa Catalina Island), 299–300 Casino Point Marine Park (Santa Catalina Island), 301 Catalina.

Colorado
by Lonely Planet

Snooze BRUNCH $ ( 303-297-0700; www.snoozeeatery.com; 2262 Larimer St; mains $4-12; 6:30am-2:30pm Mon-Fri, 7am-12:30pm Sat & Sun; ; 8, 38 RTD) This bright, cheery cafe is a specialty breakfast-and-brunch spot dishing up eggs, breakfast burritos and even a smokin’ salmon benedict. The coffee’s always good, but you have the option of an early-morning Bloody Mary. Snooze has a strong sustainability focus, buying carbon offsets for its energy consumption, recycling and composting, and sourcing local organic produce. Cooks Fresh Market PASTRIES, SANDWICHES $ ( 303-893-2277; www.cooksfreshmarket.com; 1600 Glenarm Pl; $6-10; 7:30am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat; ; Glenarm) Far and away the best deli in Downtown, the attention to quality is obvious in the take-out salads and sandwiches, selection of cheeses and expert pastries.

The Rough Guide to Norway
by Phil Lee
Published 25 Nov 2013

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from the UK From the UK, there’s a good choice of direct, nonstop flights from London to Oslo as well as a scattering of flights there from the UK’s regional airports. Norway’s main international airport is Oslo Gardermoen, 45km north of the city, but several budget airlines use the deceptively named Oslo (Torp) airport, which is actually just outside Sandefjord, 110km from Oslo, and Oslo (Rygge) airport, 60km south of the city near the little town of Moss.

Frommer's Oregon
by Karl Samson
Published 26 Apr 2010

. • In Australia, the national body that sets guidelines and standards for ecotourism is Ecotourism Australia (www.ecotourism.org.au). The Green Directory (www.thegreendirectory.com.au), Green Pages (www.thegreen pages.com.au), and EcoDirectory (www.ecodirectory.com.au) offer sustainable travel tips and directories of green businesses. • Carbonfund (www.carbonfund.org) and TerraPass (www.terrapass.org) provide info on “carbon offsetting,” or offsetting the greenhouse gas emitted during flights. • Green Hotels Association (www.greenhotels.com) recommends greenrated member hotels around the world that fulfill the company’s stringent environmental requirements. Environmentally Friendly Hotels (www. environmentallyfriendlyhotels.com) offers more green accommodation ratings.

The Rough Guide to Poland
by Rough Guides
Published 18 Sep 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa Although there are no direct flights to Poland from Australia or New Zealand, there are plenty of one- or two-stop alternatives. From Australia, typical one-stop routings with Qantas Airways (qantas.com) involving European hubs such as London, Frankfurt or Vienna tend to be expensive, with the average return fare from Sydney, Melbourne or Perth to Warsaw or Kraków hovering around the AUS$2700 mark.

Spain
by Lonely Planet Publications and Damien Simonis
Published 14 May 1997

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow jetsetters to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

France (Lonely Planet, 8th Edition)
by Nicola Williams
Published 14 Oct 2010

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s gas and electricity consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow travellers to offset the level of greenhouse gases they are responsible for with financial contributions to sustainable travel schemes that reduce global warming – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, support the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

The Rough Guide to New York City
by Martin Dunford
Published 2 Jan 2009

But we also believe in traveling responsibly, which includes giving thought to how often we fly and what we can do to redress any harm that our trips may create. We can travel less or simply reduce the amount we travel by air (taking fewer trips and staying longer, or taking the train if there is one); we can avoid night flights (which are more damaging); and we can make the trips we do take “climate neutral” via a carbon offset scheme. Offset schemes run by climatecare.org, carbonneutral .com and others allow you to “neutralize” the greenhouse gases that you are responsible for releasing. Their websites have simple calculators that let you work out the impact of any flight – as does our own. Once that’s done, you can pay to fund projects that will reduce future emissions by an equivalent amount.

Rough Guide to San Francisco and the Bay Area
by Nick Edwards and Mark Ellwood
Published 2 Jan 2009

But we also believe in traveling responsibly, which includes giving thought to how often we fly and what we can do to redress any harm that our trips may create. We can travel less or simply reduce the amount we travel by air (taking fewer trips and staying longer, or taking the train if there is one); we can avoid night flights (which are more damaging); and we can make the trips we do take “climate neutral” via a carbon offset scheme. Offset schemes run by climatecare.org, carbonneutral .com and others allow you to “neutralize” the greenhouse gases that you are responsible for releasing. Their websites have simple calculators that let you work out the impact of any flight – as does our own. Once that’s done, you can pay to fund projects that will reduce future emissions by an equivalent amount.

The Rough Guide to New York City
by Rough Guides
Published 21 May 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from the US and Canada From most places in North America, flying is the most convenient way to reach New York. Airfares to New York depend on the season and can fluctuate wildly. The highest prices are generally between May and September; you’ll get the best prices by booking months in advance or flying during the low season, November to February (excluding late Nov until early Jan, the holiday season).

The Rough Guide to Chile & Easter Island (Travel Guide with Free eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 15 Mar 2023

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset. Trains from neighbouring countries Chile has international rail links between Arica and Tacna in Peru (the line re-opened in 2016) and between Uyuni in Bolivia and Calama. Plans to construct a railway line between Arica and La Paz in Bolivia have been mooted. Agents and operators Adventure Associates Australia http://adventureassociates.com.

The Rough Guide to Chile
by Melissa Graham and Andrew Benson
Published 11 May 2003

Consider spending longer in a place, and getting to know it and its people. • Give thought to how often you fly. Try to avoid short hops by air and more harmful night flights. • Consider alternatives to flying, travelling instead by bus, train, boat and even by bike or on foot where possible. • Make your trips “climate neutral” via a reputable carbon offset scheme. All Rough Guide flights are offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of charities devoted to combating the effects of climate change. Wwww.travelocity.co.uk (in UK), Wwww .travelocity.com (in US), Wwww.travelocity .ca (in Canada) W www.travelocity.co.nz (in New Zealand) Wwww.travelonline.co.za (in South Africa) Wwww.zuji.com.au (in Australia) Airlines Aerolíneas Argentinas US T1-800/333-0276, Canada T1-800/688-0008, UK T0800/096 9747, New Zealand T09/379 3675, Australia T02/9234 9000; Wwww.aerolineas.com.

Coastal California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Hotel CarltonDESIGN HOTEL$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %800-922-7586, 415-673-0242; www.hotelcarltonsf.com; 1075 Sutter St; r $269-309; iW#; g2, 3, 19, 38, 47, 49)S World travelers feel right at home at the Carlton amid Moroccan tea tables, Indian bedspreads, West African wax-print throw pillows and carbon-offsetting, LEED-certified initiatives (note the rooftop solar panels). It's not the most convenient location – 10 minutes from Union Sq – but offers good value for colorful, spotlessly clean rooms. The quietest rooms are those with the suffix -08 to -19. oHotel VitaleBOUTIQUE HOTEL$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %415-278-3700, 888-890-8688; www.hotelvitale.com; 8 Mission St; r $385-675; aiW#; mEmbarcadero, ZEmbarcadero) When your love interest or executive recruiter books you into the waterfront Vitale, you know it's serious.

Great Britain
by David Else and Fionn Davenport
Published 2 Jan 2007

The statistics are frightening: two people taking a return flight between Europe and the US will contribute as much to climate change as an average household’s power consumption over a whole year. Carbon Offset Schemes Climatecare.org and other websites use ‘carbon calculators’ that allow travellers to offset the greenhouse gases they are responsible for with contributions to energy-saving projects and other climate-friendly initiatives in the developing world – including projects in India, Honduras, Kazakhstan and Uganda. Lonely Planet, together with Rough Guides and other concerned partners in the travel industry, supports the carbon offset scheme run by climatecare.org. Lonely Planet offsets all of its staff and author travel.

Northern California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Hotel CarltonDESIGN HOTEL$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %800-922-7586, 415-673-0242; www.hotelcarltonsf.com; 1075 Sutter St; r $269-309; iW#; g2, 3, 19, 38, 47, 49)S World travelers feel right at home at the Carlton amid Moroccan tea tables, Indian bedspreads, West African wax-print throw pillows and carbon-offsetting, LEED-certified initiatives (note the rooftop solar panels). It's not the most convenient location – 10 minutes from Union Sq – but offers good value for colorful, spotlessly clean rooms. The quietest rooms are those with the suffix -08 to -19. oHotel VitaleBOUTIQUE HOTEL$$$ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %415-278-3700, 888-890-8688; www.hotelvitale.com; 8 Mission St; r $385-675; aiW#; mEmbarcadero, ZEmbarcadero) When your love interest or executive recruiter books you into the waterfront Vitale, you know it's serious.

The Rough Guide to Morocco
by Rough Guides

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from the UK and Ireland Royal Air Maroc (RAM; royalairmaroc.com) run direct scheduled flights daily from Heathrow and Gatwick to Casablanca and Gatwick to Marrakesh, and British Airways ( britishairways.com) fly daily from Gatwick to Marrakesh.

The Rough Guide to Morocco (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 23 Mar 2019

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. From New York, you can expect to pay (including tax) US$1000 in high season, or US$660 in low season for the cheapest flight to Casablanca. From Montreal, the fare will be Can$1800/850 in high/low season. Getting to Morocco from the west coast will obviously cost more: expect to pay upwards of US$1500/750 to Casablanca from LA in high/low season, or Can$2000/1200 from Vancouver.

Southwest USA Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Arizona River Runners RAFTING (602-867-4866, 800-477-7238; www.raftarizona.com; 6-day Upper Canyon oar trips $1795, 12-day Full Canyon motor trips $2695) Have been at their game since 1970, offering oar-powered and motorized trips. SOARS RAFTING (209-736-4677, 800-346-6277; www.oars.com; 6-day Upper Canyon oar trips $2608, 15-day Full Canyon dory trips $5010) One of the best outfitters out there, OARS offers oar, paddle and dory trips, and offers the option of carbon-offsetting your trip. Wilderness River Adventures RAFTING (928-645-3296, 800-992-8022; www.riveradventures.com; 6-day Full Canyon motor trips $2135, 12-day Full Canyon oar trips $3520) Also offers hybrid trips that give rafters the chance to paddle or float as on an oar-powered trip. Ranger-Led Activities Rangers are fonts of information, which they happily share in free programs.

Central Europe Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

To further plan your environmentally friendly ski trip and reduce your carbon snowprint, see Save Our Snow (www.saveoursnow.com) and the Association of Car-Free Swiss Resorts (www.gast.org, in German) . Whiter-than-white ski resorts in Graubünden include Arosa (www.arosa.ch) , a one-hour train journey from Chur, which runs on nearly 100% renewable energy, operates free shuttle buses and boasts Switzerland’s first carbon offsetting policy; Flims-Laax ( Click here ), which makes snow using hydroelectricity and recycled water; and St Moritz ( Click here ), with its clean-energy policy, pedestrian zones and efficient public transport network. Gstaad (www.gstaad.ch) has a pedestrianised centre, excellent public transport and makes huge efforts to preserve its natural surroundings in the Bernese Oberland.

The Rough Guide to Ireland
by Clements, Paul
Published 2 Jun 2015

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from Britain It’s never been easier or cheaper to fly from Britain to Ireland. There are dozens of routes available, with new destinations regularly appearing and unsuccessful routes being phased out.

The Rough Guide to Egypt (Rough Guide to...)
by Dan Richardson and Daniel Jacobs
Published 1 Feb 2013

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. * * * Flights from the UK and Ireland EgyptAir ( egyptair.com.eg), British Airways, ( ba.com) have scheduled flights to Cairo from London Heathrow (5hr). EgyptAir also has weekly direct flights to Luxor and twice weekly to Sharm el-Sheikh.

The Rough Guide to England
by Rough Guides
Published 29 Mar 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset, and every year we donate money to a variety of environmental charities. Flights from Ireland You can get a one-way flight between Ireland and England for around €40–70. There are routes out of Dublin, Cork, Knock, Kerry and Shannon to many English airports; airlines include Aer Lingus, British Airways, Flybe and Ryanair.

The Rough Guide to Brazil
by Rough Guides
Published 22 Sep 2018

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset. British Airways (britishairways.com) and LATAM operate non-stop flights to Brazil from London Heathrow; official fares are usually very similar, starting at around £830 return to Rio or São Paulo in low season and £1200 in high season (July, Aug & Dec 14–25). The cheapest fares, however, are often offered on routes via Europe – with Alitalia (alitalia.com) via Rome, TAP via Lisbon (flytap.com), Iberia via Madrid (iberia.com), Lufthansa via Frankfurt (lufthansa.com) and Swiss Air via Zurich (swiss.com) – all to both Rio and São Paulo.

Caribbean Islands
by Lonely Planet

Note that the sails aren’t the main means of propulsion most of the time. Trips travel throughout the Windward and Leeward Islands. SUSTAINABLE CRUISING Although all travel comes with an environmental cost, by their very size, cruise ships have an outsize effect. Among the main issues: » Air pollution According to UK-based Climate Care, a carbon offsetting company, cruise ships emit more carbon per passenger than airplanes – nearly twice as much – and that’s not including the flights that most passengers take to get to their point of departure. Most ships also burn low-grade bunker fuel, which contains more sulfur and particulates than higher-quality fuel.

Frommer's Caribbean 2010
by Christina Paulette Colón , Alexis Lipsitz Flippin , Darwin Porter , Danforth Prince and John Marino
Published 2 Jan 1989

John), 743 Cane Garden Bay (Tortola), 5, 8, 176, 182 Canouan, 645–646 Canouan (The Grenadines), 8 Cape Breton Island (NovaScotia), St. Lucia, 571 Capilla de Cristo (San Juan), 472–473 Captain’s Bay’s Beach (Anguilla), 62 Caradonna Caribbean Tours, 39 771 772 Caravelle Nature Preserve (Martinique), 442 Carbon offsetting, 38 Cardiffhall Lot Public Beach (Runaway Bay), 403 The Carenage (Barbados), 142 The Carenage (Grenada), 320 Caribbean National Forest (Puerto Rico), 488 Carib Indian Territory (Dominica), 265 Carib Rock (St. Vincent), 637 Carib Rock Drawings (St. Kitts), 549 Carite State Forest (Puerto Rico), 480 Carlisle Bay (Antigua), 80 Carnival Anguilla, 50, 63 Aruba, 96 Bequia, 640 Curaçao, 230 Grenada, 306 Martinique, 420 Puerto Rico, 448 St.

The Rough Guide to South America on a Budget (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Jan 2019

We believe it helps us understand the world we live in and the people we share it with – and of course tourism is vital to many developing economies. But the scale of modern tourism has also damaged some places irreparably, and climate change is accelerated by most forms of transport, especially flying. All Rough Guides’ flights are carbon-offset. Agents and operators Dragoman UK 01728 861133, dragoman.com. A range of overland trips on a giant 4WD truck, with accommodation in hotels, hostels or tents. Exodus UK 020 8675 5550, exodus.co.uk. Walking and cycling – and everything in between across the continent. HostelTrail hosteltrail.com.