description: regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emission, and energy leakage, are minimised
69 results
by Ernest Scheyder · 30 Jan 2024 · 355pp · 133,726 words
,” Jackson said. Daisy was part of Apple’s plan to become a so-called closed-loop manufacturer, one that adhered to the principles of a “circular economy.” In theory, this means that old electronics get broken down to build new ones, over and over, thus limiting the need for new mines. More
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an aspiration for now, perhaps, than a realistic target given the world’s rising hunger for electronic devices, aiming for a circular economy nevertheless would help reduce a constant cycle of consumption and disposal, easing the burden on the planet’s strained resources. “We’ve trained people how
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-Cycle eyeing expansions in Europe and Asia. Lithium-ion battery recycling may not yet have been able to fuel Apple’s dreams of a completely circular economy, but neither was it a science experiment any longer. The lithium-ion battery market was valued at $1.33 billion in 2020, a number expected
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–58, pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es404596q. 26. Andy Home, “Humble Aluminium Can Shows a Circular Economy Won’t Be Easy,” Reuters, March 26, 2021, www.reuters.com/business/energy/humble-aluminium-can-shows-circular-economy-wont-be-easy-andy-home-2021-03-26/. 27. James Morton Turner, “Recycling Lead-Acid Batteries Is
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Molybdenum, 222–24 China Rare Earth Information Center, 105–6 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 115 Chrysler, 8 Church, William, 212 Church of England, 18 circular economy, 234, 241 Citi, 19–20 CITIC Guoan Group Co., 271 Clarke, Tom, 113–17 Clean Water Act, 168 Clemente, Matthew, 115–17 Cliffs-Cleveland, 91
by Kate Raworth · 22 Mar 2017 · 403pp · 111,119 words
step: far more inspired is to transform – like a caterpillar into a butterfly – into generous design. Which one is your business aiming to do? The circular economy takes flight Industrial manufacturing has begun the metamorphosis from degenerative to regenerative design through what has come to be known as the
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‘circular economy’. It is regenerative by design because it harnesses the endless inflow of the sun’s energy to continually transform materials into useful products and services.
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top to bottom through the centre of the diagram. But watch as it turns into a butterfly thanks to cradle-to-cradle thinking in the circular economy.24 It runs on renewable energy – from solar, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal sources – eliminating all toxic chemicals and, crucially, eradicating waste by design. It
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reused, and 9% disassembled for recycling: the remaining 85% ended up in landfill or lay defunct in the back of some drawer.25 In a circular economy they would be designed for easy collection and disassembly, leading to their refurbishment and resale, or the reuse of all their parts. Scale those principles
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-first-century manufacturing food. It’s inspired stuff, but don’t get carried away on the butterfly’s wings because the notion of a truly circular economy belongs with the fantasy of perpetual motion machines: a more accurate name would be the cyclical economy. No industrial loop can recapture and reuse 100
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of its potential. This partial embrace of regenerative design by many mainstream businesses is certainly visible in the way that they have so far put circular economy thinking into practice. Corporate interest in forging ‘circular advantage’ is growing fast, and companies leading the pack have adopted a niche set of
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circular economy techniques such as: aiming for zero-waste manufacturing; selling services instead of products (like computer printing services instead of printers); and recovering their own-brand
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% while cutting water and energy use by around 90%.36 That’s impressive (surely they should rename their re-manufacturing division Butterfly?), and many other circular economy corporate initiatives are too, as far as they go. The trouble is, they just do not go far enough, and there is a clear reason
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why. Shaped to fit in with existing corporate interests, circular economy strategies to date have typically been: top down, driven by large corporations; in-house, with companies seeking to establish control over their used products; opaque
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bring it about. The circular future is open The glaring gap between the regenerative potential of the circular economy and its narrow efficiency-focused practice by corporations has inspired the launch of an Open Source Circular Economy (OSCE) movement. Its worldwide network of innovators, designers and activists aims to follow in the footsteps of
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reached by individual companies seeking to make it happen all within their own factory walls: it is an illogical and unfeasible basis for creating a circular economy. Like the biomimicry movement launched by Benyus, this movement takes nature as a model to learn from: a seed in soil grows into a tree
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proprietary cycles of material flow, the system-wide regenerative potential will never be achieved.38 Sam Muirhead, one of the instigators of the Open Source Circular Economy movement, believes that circular manufacturing must ultimately be open source because the principles behind open-source design are the strongest fit for the
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circular economy’s needs. These principles include: modularity (making products with parts that are easy to assemble, disassemble and rearrange), open standards (designing components to a common
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models that work not despite being open source but because they are open source.’39 So what’s going round in the emerging open source circular economy? Early pioneers include AXIOM, the open-source video camera for film makers, made by Apertuso (the ‘O’ stands for ‘open’), which uses standardised components so
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take it away,’ he explained, ‘so every single day the knowledge commons grows and becomes more useful. Once people get the idea – and see its circular economy potential – they really want to create solutions for it.’44 That same spirit of building the knowledge commons inspired Janine Benyus to launch the website
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extraordinary function to the planet’s most ubiquitous polymers such as cellulose, keratin, chitin, and lignin. These are the building blocks for the open-source circular economy.’45 An open-source basis for regenerative design is certainly compelling. But if mainstream business is unlikely to embrace its full potential, what kind of
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more jobs, comparable energy consumption, and far less use of water and new materials.56 One recent European study of the effects of promoting a circular economy along with renewable energy and energy-efficiency measures estimated that together they would generate around 500,000 jobs in France, 400,000 in Spain, and
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design the economic policies and institutional innovations – for enterprise and finance, for the commons and the state – that will unleash the extraordinary potential of the circular economy and regenerative design. And if it is accompanied by distributive design then we will indeed be heading towards the Doughnut’s safe and just space
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appears to hinge on technical questions. Will the cost of solar power fall low enough to provide abundant renewable energy? How resource-efficient can the circular economy become? And how much economic growth will the digital economy deliver? In fact, as I discovered, the real source of disagreement goes far deeper and
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and hydro – a trend that is being sped along by the fast-falling cost of renewables, especially solar photovoltaics. Second, by creating a resource-efficient circular economy whose material throughflow becomes a round-flow within the capacity of Earth’s sources and sinks. And third by expanding the ‘weightless’ economy made possible
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), ‘Conversation with Janine’, http://biomimicry.net/about/biomimicry/conversation-with-janine/ 22. Webster, K. (2015) The Circular Economy: A Wealth of Flows. Isle of Wight: Ellen McArthur Foundation. 23. Ellen McArthur Foundation (2012) Towards the Circular Economy, Isle of Wight: Ellen McArthur Foundation, available at: http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen-MacArthur
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-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf 24. Braungart, M. and McDonough, W. (2009) Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the
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Way We Make Things. London: Vintage Books. 25. Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2012) In-depth: mobile phones. http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/interactive-diagram/in-depth-mobile-phones 26. Benyus, J. (2015) ‘The generous city’, Architectural Design 85: 4, pp. 120–121. 27. Personal communication with Janine
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. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 79–80. 37. Muirhead, S. and Zimmermann, L. (2015) ‘Open Source Circular Economy’, The Disruptive Innovation Festival 2015. 38. Open Source Circular Economy: mission statement. https://oscedays.org/open-source-circular-economy-mission-statement/ 39. Personal communication with Sam Muirhead, 27 January 2016. 40. Apertuso https://www.apertus.org/ 41. OSVehicle
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April 2011, http://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/f839i9vt 55. The Ex’Tax Project (et al.) (2014) New Era. New Plan. Fiscal reforms for an inclusive, circular economy. http://ex-tax.com/files/4314/1693/7138/The_Extax_Project_New_Era_New_Plan_report.pdf 56. Crawford, K. et al. (2014) Demolition or
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/10/Report-Refurbishment-Demolition-Social-Housing.pdf 57. Wijkman, A. and Skanberg, K. (2015) The Circular Economy and Benefits for Society. Club of Rome, available at: http://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/The-Circular-Economy-and-Benefits-for-Society.pdf 58. Mazzucato, M. (2015) ‘What we need to get a real
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: Academic Press. Eisenstein, C. (2011) Sacred Economics: Money, Gift and Society in the Age of Transition. Berkeley: Evolver Books. Ellen McArthur Foundation (2012) Towards the Circular Economy. Isle of Wight, Ellen McArthur Foundation. Epstein, J. and Axtell, R. (1996) Growing Artificial Societies. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fälth
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, S. (1955) ‘Economic growth and income inequality’, American Economic Review, 45: 1, pp. 1–28. Lacy, P. and Rutqvist, J. (2015) Waste to Wealth: the circular economy advantage. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Lakner, C. and Milanovic, B. (2015) ‘Global income distribution: from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession
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Dubos, R. (1973) Only One Earth. London: Penguin Books. Weaver, W. (1948) ‘Science and complexity’ American Scientist, 36, pp. 536–544. Webster, K. (2015) The Circular Economy: A Wealth of Flows. Isle of Wight: Ellen McArthur Foundation. Wiedmann, T. O. et al. (2015) ‘The material footprint of nations’, Proceedings of the National
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Academy of Sciences, 112: 20, pp. 6271–6276. Wijkman, A. and Skanberg, K. (2015) The Circular Economy and Benefits for Society. Zurich: Club of Rome. Wilkinson, R. and Pickett, K. (2009) The Spirit Level. London: Penguin. World Bank (1978) World Development Report
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Bunge, 148 Burkina Faso, 89 Burmark, Lynell, 13 business, 36, 43, 68, 88–9 automation, 191–5, 237, 258, 278 boom and bust, 246 and circular economy, 212, 215–19, 220, 224, 227–30, 232–4, 292 and complementary currencies, 184–5, 292 and core economy, 80 and creative destruction, 142 and
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poverty reduction, 151, 198 renewable energy, 239 tiered pricing, 213 Chinese Development Bank, 239 chrematistics, 32, 273 Christianity, 15, 19, 114, 151 cigarettes, 107, 124 circular economy, 220–42, 257 Circular Flow diagram, 19–20, 28, 62–7, 64, 70, 78, 87, 91, 92, 93, 262 Citigroup, 149 Citizen Reaction Study, 102
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civil rights movement, 77 Cleveland, Ohio, 190 climate change, 1, 3, 5, 29, 41, 45–53, 63, 74, 75–6, 91, 141, 144, 201 circular economy, 239, 241–2 dynamics of, 152–5 and G20, 31 and GDP growth, 255, 256, 260, 280 and heuristics, 114 and human rights, 10 and
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, 142, 176 automation, 191–5, 237, 258, 278 labour ownership, 188–91 workers’ rights, 88, 90, 269 Empty World, 74 Engels, Friedrich, 88 environment and circular economy, 220–42, 257 conservation, 121–2 and degenerative linear economy, 211–19, 222–3 degradation, 5, 9, 10, 29, 44–53, 74, 154, 172, 196
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acidification, 45, 46, 52, 155, 242, 298 Ohio, United States, 190, 239 Okun, Arthur, 37 onwards and upwards, 53 Open Building Institute, 196 Open Source Circular Economy (OSCE), 229–32 open systems, 74 open-source design, 158, 196–8, 265 open-source licensing, 204 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD
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, 117, 118, 123 reflexivity of markets, 144 reinforcing feedback loops, 138–41, 148, 250, 271 relative decoupling, 259 renewable energy biomass energy, 118, 221 and circular economy, 221, 224, 226, 235, 238–9, 274 and commons, 83, 85, 185, 187–8, 192, 203, 264 geothermal energy, 221 and green growth, 257, 260
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, 295–6 social media, 83, 281 Social Progress Index, 280 social pyramid, 166 society, 76–7 solar energy, 59, 75, 111, 118, 187–8, 190 circular economy, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226–7, 239 commons, 203 zero-energy buildings, 217 zero-marginal-cost revolution, 84 Solow, Robert, 135, 150, 262–3 Soros
by Alice Ross · 19 Nov 2020 · 197pp · 53,831 words
Effecting Change 5 Clean Power: Investing in Energy 6 The Green Light: Investing in Transport 7 Farms of the Future: Investing in Agriculture 8 The Circular Economy: Investing in Energy Efficiency Conclusion: What Does the Future Hold? Acknowledgements Index About the Author Alice Ross is the deputy news editor at the Financial
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revolution, from the vegan movement and alternative meat to vertical farming and new ways of growing food. Chapter 8 concentrates on energy efficiency and the circular economy, and on how even companies not directly helping to solve climate change are making efforts to cut their emissions. In all these thematic chapters we
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-ups looking to produce meat substitutes abound, and not all will be winners. But many need capital from venture capitalists or angel investors. 8 The Circular Economy: Investing in Energy Efficiency James Purcell was the head of sustainable and impact investing at the wealth management division of UBS, a Swiss bank boasting
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adaptation – looking at how we will adapt to climate change – are important themes as well as the innovation and bold bets needed from investors. The circular economy The ‘circular economy’ describes waste that is reused, recycled or repurposed further down the line. Shoe manufacturer Timberland, for example, has partnered with a tyre company to
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investors are now starting to scrutinise other areas of the economy too. A 2019 paper from the European Commission identifies eight priority areas for a circular economy: in addition to textiles, it lists packaging, food, furniture, electrical and electronic equipment and batteries, transport, building and construction, and chemicals. And the world is
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9.1 per cent two years previously. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation – set up by the eponymous UK sailor specifically to promote the idea of the circular economy – calculates that renewable energy and energy efficiency only account for 55 per cent of global emissions. The remaining 45 per cent of emissions are associated
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with making products, and circular-economy strategies applied to the four key industrial materials of cement, steel, plastic and aluminium could help reduce emissions by 40 per cent by 2050. Fund
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managers at the Impax Environmental Markets fund argue that a ‘new front’ is opening in the campaign to create a circular economy, in the form of textiles. Creating fabric uses a huge amount of water and land and can lead to considerable pollution. The European Environment Agency
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also experimented with recrafting existing furniture, taking old upholstery from airline KLM to make material for tabletops. Waste management also plays a role in the circular economy – particularly companies involved in recycling. Some expressed caution about such companies during the pandemic, however. Analysts at HSBC warned in April 2020 that recycling was
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may slow.’ That could affect smaller businesses and those such as Biffa, a UK-based waste management company that HSBC had previously argued was a circular-economy success story. But the hit might only be short term. Another UK recycling company, Viridor, was snapped up by US private equity firm KKR in
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companies to focus on packaging: in 2018, it announced a three-year partnership with Unilever to improve waste collection and recycling to help create a circular economy for plastics waste. It also worked with Procter & Gamble on their UK plant for manufacturing Gillette aerosols, working out what materials could be recycled or
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scope 3 emissions, which take into account emissions indirectly caused by a company through their supply chain. The sharing economy is also part of the circular-economy movement: the emphasis being on consumers owning fewer things and instead renting or sharing. Lift-sharing services like Uber or Lyft are one obvious example
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, while in China, start-up YCloset, which allows users to rent clothes and jewellery, attracted investment from Chinese technology giant Alibaba in 2018. A circular economy in fashion could also be given a boost by the coronavirus pandemic, as people practising social distancing look to refresh their wardrobes cheaply or repair
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Union, for example, which has been focusing on waste in the textile industry. Zero emission pledges Larger companies are also making efforts to embrace the circular economy. AB InBev, the drinks company that owns Budweiser and Corona beer, plans to ensure that 100 per cent of its products are in packaging that
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will also pick some of these companies in their holdings. Medium-risk investors: investing in companies that are supporting and enabling the transition to the circular economy and more energy-efficient practices is one way to play this theme. These can include companies involved in building insulation, software, waste management or semiconductors
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, 19, 43, 123, 124 Chevron 116–17, 140 China 15, 61, 76, 114, 128–9, 131, 132, 164, 166, 170, 175 Church of England 74 circular economy 22, 163–79 cleantech crash (2007–8) 113–14, 171 Clearwater Fine Foods 142 ClientEarth 79 Climate Action 100+ initiative 76, 78, 83, 86, 105
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, 76, 84, 110–13, 123, 140, 194 energy efficiency, investing in 22, 33, 110, 161, 163–79, 183, 203; building and construction sectors 168–70; circular economy and 171–6; high-risk investors 178–9; low-risk investors 178; medium-risk investors 178; next-gen investors 170–71; semiconductor companies 143, 166
by Jeremy Rifkin · 31 Mar 2014 · 565pp · 151,129 words
, dramatically increases productivity without compromising the ecological relationships that govern the planet. Using less of the Earth’s resources more efficiently and productively in a circular economy and making the transition from carbon-based fuels to renewable energies are defining features of the emerging economic paradigm. In the new era, we each
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model in subsistence-based agricultural communities where production and consumption are primarily for use rather than exchange. They are the early archetypes of today’s circular economy. The success of the Commons is all the more impressive given the political circumstances that gave rise to them. For the most part, commons management
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plans on taking a small transaction fee to cover its operational costs. The Yerdle plan, like so many others, helps advance the idea of a circular economy in which everything is recycled and reused and nothing is sent to the landfill before its time. The sustainable business logic makes perfect sense, but
by Ayana Elizabeth Johnson · 17 Sep 2024 · 588pp · 160,825 words
batteries are made out of stuff that has to be taken out of the ground, at least right now, because we don’t have a circular economy for that yet. Ayana: It’s not like we switch to renewables and then we get to use as much electricity as we want. Because
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2.5% of the country’s total electricity demand in 2022, and that is expected to triple to 7.5% by 2030. 10 Possibilities + A circular economy (based on the principles of using less, longer, and again) could reduce the demand for virgin material extraction by around 30%, reduce associated greenhouse gas
by Anthony M. Townsend · 15 Jun 2020 · 362pp · 97,288 words
seems. If we’re to tame the juggernaut of automated delivery, a big source of inspiration is the growing campaign behind circular economies. More a design movement than a solid theory, circular-economy thinking argues for replacing single-use, extractive methods of production with multipleuse, regenerative methods. For example, every time you compost your
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food waste to fertilize your garden, as I do, you’re creating a tiny circular economy at home. Waste from one process feeds another, and you close the loop, conserving raw materials and energy. Circular economies are already everywhere in our communities, but often they don’t show up on the books
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/09/national-pizza-day-how-many-slices-do-americans-eat. 146a design movement than a solid theory: “What Is a Circular Economy?” Ellen MacArthur Foundation, accessed March 6, 2019, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/concept. 147AVs will make more than 300,000 instant deliveries: McKinsey & Company, Parcel Delivery, 18. 147the meal’s million
by Ronald Cohen · 1 Jul 2020 · 276pp · 59,165 words
https://www.ikea.com/ms/en_AU/this-is-ikea/people-and-planet/sustainable-life-at-home/index.html 118 http://highlights.ikea.com/2017/circular-economy/index.html 119 https://www.fastcompany.com/90236539/ikea-is-quickly-shifting-to-a-zero-emissions-delivery-fleet 120 https://www.consciouscapitalism.org/heroes/b
by Adam Greenfield · 29 May 2017 · 410pp · 119,823 words
visionary engineers Michael Braungart and William McDonough called a “cradle-to-cradle” industrial ecology, and what is these days more often referred to as a circular economy.14 Proposals along these lines call for manufacturing processes to consume as much as possible of the waste they produce. To a degree, we can
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that Protoprint’s trashpickers earn fifteen times what their unaffiliated peers do—all but impossible to evaluate. Nevertheless, here is a model for a sustainable, circular economy founded on digital fabrication. We may not be at all comfortable with Pai’s vision, or what it implies about our use of things made
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, 70 chess, 263 Chevrolet Camaro, 216–18 Chicago Police Department, 230–1 China, 87, 102, 190, 194, 278–9, 286, 290, 306 Churchill, Winston, 28 circular economy, 92, 96, 99, 288 Ciutat Meridiana, Barcelona neighborhood, 109 climax community, 289 Cockney rhyming slang, 311 code library, 274–5 commons, the, 171–3 computer
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cooperative motility, 80 Copenhagen, 31, 51 Cornell Law School, 151 Cortana virtual assistant, 39 Costco, 45 cozy catastrophe, 291 cradle-to-cradle industrial ecosystem. See circular economy The Craftsman (Sennett), 111 Creative Commons, 102–3 CRISPR technique, 298 Crossmatch, startup, 198 Crown Heights, Brooklyn neighborhood, 136 cryptocurrency, 8, 115–44, 145, 148
by Mark Thomas · 7 Aug 2019 · 286pp · 79,305 words
high-quality jobs. 3. Sustainability: Cities that provide services without stealing from future generations.19 Even more fundamentally, the concept of a ‘closed-loop’ or ‘circular’ economy offers the potential to minimize waste, to reduce costs, to prevent harmful pollution such as greenhouse gas emissions and degradation of the natural world, and
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be a trade-off between economic growth and sustainability. The diagram below, from the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, illustrates the biological and technical cycles in the circular economy as well as the three key principles:20 1. preserve and enhance natural capital by controlling finite stocks and balancing renewable resource flows; 2. optimize
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times in both technical and biological cycles; 3. foster system effectiveness by revealing and designing-out negative externalities. Figure 19: The key cycles in the circular economy Source: The Ellen MacArthur Foundation Taken together, these technologies and business models will have some extraordinary impacts, not the least of which is that the
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externalities. Such a world would be far more sustainable. Our current – financial only – definition of profit makes it harder for companies to migrate towards a circular economy. Correctly charging them for their externalities – what Margaret Thatcher called the ‘polluter pays’ principle – brings their incentives in line with the needs of society at
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have the happiest populations. I would also like to express my thanks to The Ellen MacArthur Foundation for permission to reproduce the infographic explaining the circular economy. And there are hundreds of others whose insights I have briefly quoted in this book. I am grateful to them all, though they are too
by Michel Aglietta · 23 Oct 2018 · 665pp · 146,542 words
to develop a common policy able to feed investment across a vast terrain, ranging from energy to transport, renovating buildings and regenerating territory through the circular economy. Whether this means establishing a European treasury or developing the existing European budget, the essential thing is to arrive at a fiscal union that stands
by Vaclav Smil · 23 Sep 2019
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