citation needed

Citation Needed: The Best of Wikipedia's Worst Writing
by Conor Lastowka and Josh Fruhlinger
Published 14 Oct 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminology_of_homosexuality Joanna of Castile The early stages of Joanna and Philip’s relationship were quite passionate, and the feeling was mutual. However, as time passed, the two began to realize how different their personalities were.[citation needed] Philip was threatened by his wife’s loyalty to all things Spanish - especially her parents’ politics. Juana did not like the way Philip bossed her around, and his dishonesty bothered her above all.[citation needed] Philip began looking to bed other women, which infuriated Joanna. She would throw temper tantrums over his fondness for other women.[citation needed] One lady-in-waiting had her long hair shorn by Joanna herself after she discovered she had been bedded by her husband; Joanna deposited the beautiful tresses on Philip’s pillow as a kind of warning.

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Conor Lastowka has written for RiffTrax.com for the majority of its existence. He founded the fake holiday National High Five Day, plays bass in his fake band Re-Ree and hosts the all too real [Citation Needed] Podcast. He lives in San Diego with his wife Lauren and his cat Slidell. Like what you’ve just read? Get more [Citation Needed]! Blog: citationneeded.tumblr.com Podcast: citationneeded.tumblr.com/thepodcast (or search “citation needed” on iTunes) Twitter: twitter.com/cit8tionneeded Facebook: facebook.com/citationneeded

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[Citation Needed] [Citation Needed] The Best of Wikipedia’s Worst Writing Conor Lastowka and Josh Fruhlinger Boring Legal Fine Print Each entry in this book contains material from Wikipedia, although the text we use may not represent the current version of any article. The URL at the bottom of each page will direct you to the source Wikipedia article; use the article’s History tab to find a list of contributors. All material in this book that is taken from Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons-Attribution Share Alike 3.0 license. Here’s a quick human-readable summary of your rights to use this content: You are free: to Share—to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and to Remix—to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution—You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work.)

Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension
by Samuel Arbesman
Published 18 Jul 2016

the way machines count: Machines—or more precisely, programming languages—can of course also enumerate starting from one, but many programming languages today count from zero. The reasons are old and have been forgotten by most programmers, but a good discussion of the history is Michael Hoye, “Citation Needed,” blarg? Mike Hoye’s weblog, October 22, 2013, http://exple.tive.org/blarg/2013/10/22/citation-needed/. the writer Scott Rosenberg notes: Scott Rosenberg, Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008), 6–7. “suddenly become opaque and bewildering”: Homer-Dixon, The Ingenuity Gap, 186. 100 billion sentences: Actually, to avoid duplicate sentences, it’s really 10,000 nouns × 1,000 verbs × 9,999 nouns.

Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth
by Stuart Ritchie
Published 20 Jul 2020

Edwards & Siddhartha Roy, ‘Academic Research in the 21st Century: Maintaining Scientific Integrity in a Climate of Perverse Incentives and Hypercompetition’, Environmental Engineering Science 34, no. 1 (Jan. 2017): pp. 51–61; https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2016.0223 63.  Tal Yarkoni, ‘No, It’s Not The Incentives – It’s You’, [Citation Needed], 2 Oct. 2018; https://www.talyarkoni.org/blog/2018/10/02/no-its-not-the-incentives-its-you/ 64.  See Edwards & Roy, ‘Academic Research’, Fig. 1. 8: Fixing Science Epigraph: Michael Nielsen http://michaelnielsen.org/blog/the-future-of-science-2/ 1.  Y. A. de Vries et al., ‘The Cumulative Effect of Reporting and Citation Biases on the Apparent Efficacy of Treatments: The Case of Depression’, Psychological Medicine 48, no. 15 (Nov. 2018): pp. 2453–55; https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718001873 2.  

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Daniel Nazer & Elliot Harmon, ‘Stupid Patent of the Month: Elsevier Patents Online Peer Review’, Electronic Freedom Foundation, 31 Aug. 2016; https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/stupid-patent-month-elsevier-patents-online-peer-review. For much more on the sins of Elsevier, see Tal Yarkoni, ‘Why I Still Won’t Review for or Publish with Elsevier – and Think You Shouldn’t Either’, [Citation Needed], 12 Dec. 2016; https://www.talyarkoni.org/blog/2016/12/12/why-i-still-wont-review-for-or-publish-with-elsevier-and-think-you-shouldnt-either/ 69.  Buranyi, ‘Is the Staggeringly Profitable … Bad for Science?’ 70.  At least the publisher Wiley, very much unlike Elsevier, has shown interest in negotiating new publishing models: Diana Kwon, ‘As Elsevier Falters, Wiley Succeeds in Open-Access Deal Making’, Scientist, 26 March 2019; https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/as-elsevier-falters–wiley-succeeds-in-open-access-deal-making-65664 71.  

One More Thing: Stories and Other Stories
by B. J. Novak
Published 4 Feb 2014

“Every time we talk to Wikipedia Brown, we get distracted. We spend hours and hours with him, and always forget what we were supposed to investigate in the first place.” “Yes, good point,” said Joey. “We have to find my bike. Sally, do you have any ideas?” “Sally is a bad detective and a well-known slut,” said Wikipedia Brown. “Citation needed.” “Is that true?” asked Joey—his intentions unclear. “No,” said Sally, fuming with anger. “I don’t know who told him that. It could have been anyone. Literally, anyone.” “The government caused 9/11!” Wikipedia Brown shouted suddenly, for no reason. Sally pulled Wikipedia Brown aside. “Are you sure you’re okay, Wikipedia?”

The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia
by Andrew Lih
Published 5 Jul 2010

This has led to adoption of stricter standards when adding material to articles, including requiring citations to sources on the Internet and more stringent requirements when it comes to writing about living persons, because of concerns over libel. One of the more often used templates in Wikipedia is {{citeneeded}}, which places a small [citation needed] message next to unsourced statements to warn readers of dubious content and to prod editors into citing or removing such claims. No Original Research (NOR) was crafted to keep with an encyclopedia’s role to reflect a summary of what is established in writing and scholarship. “Wikipedia does not publish original thought: all material in Wikipedia must be attribut-able to a reliable, published source.

Lurking: How a Person Became a User
by Joanne McNeil
Published 25 Feb 2020

Going by the username “Bilbo,” she identified herself to the participants as a chat room novice “lurking” to better familiarize herself with their culture, etiquette, and habits. Now, I had spent several years researching this book when I happened to find this origin story in the summer of 2018. This was the first I had ever heard of P. Tomi Austin. Unfortunately, the chunk of text, posted in 2013, concluded with two striking “citation needed” tags. I searched the internet for relevant clues—an essay, blog post, some kind of archival community news story, anything at all. All I could find was aggregated content quoting that same Wikipedia entry. So I turned to my last resort: Facebook. I logged in with an alt-account I use only for reporting, and sent a message to the one person in Facebook’s entire database with that name.

Know Thyself
by Stephen M Fleming
Published 27 Apr 2021

Kruger and Dunning propose that low performers suffer from a metacognitive error and not a bias in responding (Ehrlinger et al., 2008). However, it is still not clear whether the Dunning-Kruger effect is due to a difference in metacognitive sensitivity, bias, or a mixture of both. See Tal Yarkoni, “What the Dunning-Kruger Effect Is and Isn’t,” [citation needed] (blog), July 7, 2010, https://talyarkoni.org/blog/2010/07/07/what-the-dunning-kruger-effect-is-and-isnt; and Simons (2013). 10. Ais et al. (2016); Song et al. (2011). 11. Mirels, Greblo, and Dean (2002); Rouault, Seow, Gillan, and Fleming (2018); Hoven et al. (2019). 12. Fleming et al. (2014); Rouault, Seow, Gillan, and Fleming (2018); Woolgar, Parr, and Cusack (2010); Roca et al. (2011); Toplak, West, and Stanovich (2011); but see Lemaitre et al. (2018). 13.

I, Partridge: We Need to Talk About Alan
by Steve Coogan
Published 1 Sep 2011

The harmonic distribution of a sine wave carrier modulated by such a sinusoidal signal can be represented with Bessel functions – this provides a basis for a mathematical understanding of frequency modulation in the frequency domain. Oh, and: In radio systems, frequency modulation with sufficient bandwidth provides an advantage in cancelling naturally occurring noise.[citation needed] So that’s pretty much all I know. I’m sure there’s more on the subject but I’d have to look it up. What I think we can all say for certain is that FM was, at one time, the Gold Standard for UK radio. If you weren’t on FM, you were nothing!247 But today the opposite is true.248 Now, FM is considered prehistoric isn’t it?

Geektastic: Stories From the Nerd Herd
by Holly Black and Cecil Castellucci
Published 1 Aug 2009

“But when King Richard comes back, the story ends! Robin Hood becomes just another monarchist suck-up. It’s only when he’s embracing his inner chaos that he’s worth putting in a story. He’s probably waiting for the next evil sheriff to take over so he can start up another guerilla campaign.” “Um, citation needed. In the actual, not-made-up-by-you story, Robin Hood isn’t pining for chaos at the end. He gets elevated to the nobility and lives happily ever after.” I raised my hands, balancing left palm and right. “And that’s because he’s neutral good: happy inside or outside the system.” She grabbed my wrists and pulled them out of balance.

Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language
by Gretchen McCulloch
Published 22 Jul 2019

We begin on Urban Dictionary, that user-contributed slang website which is probably where you end up when you finally admit defeat and google some new acronym you can’t quite figure out. But to use Urban Dictionary for data, we must first acknowledge its limitations. Entries on Urban Dictionary do pass through the barest of volunteer editor checks, keeping out spam and complete nonsense, but there’s no “citation needed” on Urban Dictionary the way there is on Wikipedia, despite both being user-edited projects. This openness is both Urban Dictionary’s greatest strength and its greatest weakness. A word can be added years before it hits the kind of mainstream sources required by a conventional dictionary, when it might be popular only with a single friend group.

Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia
by Dariusz Jemielniak
Published 13 May 2014

The other two, closely related, are verifiability (V) and no original research (NOR). The verifiability requirement means that all information that may be challenged should be attributed to a reliable published source. If it is not, editors are asked to look for a source themselves. Alternatively, they can add a citation-needed tag to signal to other readers and editors that a certain claim requires a source. The rule of no original research forbids publishing meaningful information without sourcing it to a publication, as Wikipedia is not a primary source of facts. This rule comes to bear especially when news stories are breaking.

Pirate Cinema
by Cory Doctorow
Published 2 Oct 2012

* * * * * * Commercial interlude 3D Fun fact! By this stage in the novel, an estimated* 98.43 percent of readers have actually purchased a hardcopy or commercial ebook for themselves, donated a copy to a school or library. *Estimate is very approximate. Methodology not given. Citation needed. USA: Amazon Kindle (DRM-free) Barnes and Noble Nook (DRM-free) Google Books (DRM-free) Apple iBooks (DRM-free) Kobo (DRM-free) Amazon Booksense (will locate a store near you!) Barnes and Noble Powells Booksamillion Canada: Amazon Kindle (DRM-free) Kobo (DRM-free) Chapters/Indigo Amazon.ca Audiobook: DRM-free download * * * * * * Chapter 15: A less-than-ideal world/Not-so-innocent bystanders/How'd we do?

The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood
by James Gleick
Published 1 Mar 2011

Wikipedia features a popular article called “Errors in the Encyclopaedia Britannica that have been corrected in Wikipedia.” This article is, of course, always in flux. All Wikipedia is. At any moment the reader is catching a version of truth on the wing. When Wikipedia states, in the article “Aging,” After a period of near perfect renewal (in humans, between 20 and 35 years of age [citation needed]), organismal senescence is characterized by the declining ability to respond to stress, increasing homeostatic imbalance and increased risk of disease. This irreversible series of changes inevitably ends in death, a reader may trust this; yet for one minute in the early morning of December 20, 2007, the entire article comprised instead a single sentence: “Aging is what you get when you get freakin old old old.”♦ Such obvious vandalism lasts hardly any time at all.

The Bill Gates Problem: Reckoning With the Myth of the Good Billionaire
by Tim Schwab
Published 13 Nov 2023

one-hundred-million-dollar yacht named Graceful: Mike McIntire and Michael Forsythe, “Putin Faces Sanctions, but His Assets Remain an Enigma,” New York Times, February 26, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/world/europe/putin-sanctions-money-assets.html?campaign_id=249&emc=edit_ruwb_20220406&instance_id=57801&nl=russia-ukraine-war-briefing&regi_id=94181639&segment_id=87708&te=1&user_id=5affd5c339e726b5205a2a069c754d1b. damning moniker: “Episode 138: Thought-Terminating Enemy Epithets (Part II),” Citations Needed, June 9, 2021; https://citationsneeded.medium.com/episode-138-thought-terminating-enemy-epithets-part-ii-dea4bfcda8c7. “harder to trace the deals”: Anupretta Das and Craig Karmin, “This Man’s Job: Make Bill Gates Richer,” Wall Street Journal, September 19, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/this-mans-job-make-bill-gates-richer-1411093811.

The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
by Steven Pinker
Published 24 Sep 2012

The atmosphere at the concert (and perhaps the 1960s) is captured in this description from Wikipedia: A huge circus performer weighing over 350 pounds and hallucinating on LSD stripped naked and ran berserk through the crowd toward the stage, knocking guests in all directions, prompting a group of Angels to leap from the stage and club him unconscious. [citation needed] No citation is needed for what happened next, since it was captured in the documentary Gimme Shelter. A Hell’s Angel beat up the guitarist of Jefferson Airplane onstage, Mick Jagger ineffectually tried to calm the increasingly obstreperous mob, and a young man in the audience, apparently after pulling a gun, was stabbed to death by another Angel.