collaborative consumption

What's Mine Is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing the Way We Live

by Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers  · 2 Jan 2010  · 411pp  · 80,925 words

Chapter One - Enough Is Enough Chapter Two - All-Consuming Chapter Three - From Generation Me to Generation We Part 2 - Groundswell Chapter Four - The Rise of Collaborative Consumption Chapter Five - Better Than Ownership Chapter Six - What Goes Around Comes Around Chapter Seven - We Are All in This Together Part 3 - Implications Chapter Eight

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- Collaborative Design Chapter Nine - Community Is the Brand Chapter Ten - The Evolution of Collaborative Consumption Interviewees Collaborative Consumption Hub Selected Bibliography Index Acknowledgments About the Authors Copyright About the Publisher Introduction What’s Mine Is Yours In October 2007, designers from all over

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cooperatives, collectives, and communes—are being refreshed and reinvented into appealing and valuable forms of collaboration and community. We call this groundswell Collaborative Consumption. The collaboration at the heart of Collaborative Consumption may be local and face-to-face, or it may use the Internet to connect, combine, form groups, and find something or

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of better products, and mopping up the surplus created by over-production and -consumption. In this book, we have organized the thousands of examples of Collaborative Consumption from around the world into three systems—product service systems, redistribution markets, and collaborative lifestyles. Together these systems are reinventing not just what we consume

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but how we consume. Although the examples of Collaborative Consumption range enormously in scale, maturity, and purpose, they share similar underlying principles essential to making them work that we explore throughout this book—critical mass

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phenomenon of sharing via increasingly ubiquitous cyber peer-to-peer communities such as Linux, Wikipedia, Flickr, Digg, and YouTube is by now a familiar story. Collaborative Consumption is rooted in the technologies and behaviors of online social networks. These digital interactions have helped us experience the concept that cooperation does not need

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simple rules are applied, a self-organized commons can work. Individuals will cooperate to act in the common good. Perhaps what is most exciting about Collaborative Consumption is that it fulfills the hardened expectations on both sides of the socialist and capitalist ideological spectrum without being an ideology in itself. It demands

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promising economic and social mechanism that starts to balance individual needs with those of our communities and planet—what we call Collaborative Consumption. Part 2 Groundswell Chapter Four The Rise of Collaborative Consumption Why is it that we spend so much time teaching kids how to share their toys nicely but for adults sharing

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time, access a better service, be more sustainable, or allow closer relationships with people rather than brands. For the most part, the people participating in Collaborative Consumption are not Pollyannaish do-gooders and still very much believe in the principles of capitalist markets and self-interest. In his book From Counterculture to

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crowdfunding, bike sharing, ride sharing, food co-ops, walking school buses, shared microcrèches, peer-to-peer rental—the list goes on—are all examples of Collaborative Consumption. Some of these may be familiar already, some not, but all are experiencing a significant growth surge. Although these examples vary in scale, maturity, and

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a green business, we realized it’s intrinsic.” These positive unintended or unexpected consequences happen because sustainability and community are an inherent, inseparable part of Collaborative Consumption and not an afterthought or add-on. Real and meaningful progress in sustainability can be achieved only when both the consumer and the company are

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new technologies such as MP3 players. Malcolm Gladwell famously named the point of reaching popular critical mass the “tipping point.” Critical mass is vital to Collaborative Consumption for a couple of reasons. The first relates to choice. Specifically, when we shop, we seek satisfaction and convenience. Consumers associate shopping with going

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from store to store, aisle to aisle, rack to rack, to choose what they want. For Collaborative Consumption to compete with conventional shopping, there must be enough choice that the consumer feels satisfied with what is available. At clothing swaps, for instance, if

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participants or a clothing swap blogging about the deals they found, these early users provide a critical mass of “social proof” that these forms of Collaborative Consumption are something others should try. It enables people, not just early adopters, to cross the psychological barrier that often exists around new behaviors. Thirty years

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socially conscious/green, in that order. Not surprisingly, these are almost identical to the reasons people have given us for engaging in different forms of Collaborative Consumption across product service systems, redistribution markets, and collaborative lifestyles. As the evening wore on, more and more people admitted to wanting to feel part of

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effective, collaborative lifestyles take ideas rooted in old values and reinvent them into a modern paradigm. While social capital is created across all forms of Collaborative Consumption, it is heightened when we share our nonproduct needs (skills, time, space), building and strengthening relationships with family, neighbors, friends, coworkers, and total strangers.

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thinking and sustainability at Parsons the New School for Design in New York, and stands at the forefront of understanding the role of design in Collaborative Consumption. Tonkinwise’s PhD in philosophy from Sydney University is, perhaps, a testament to what he describes as a move away from compartmentalized “thingification” toward

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process of intentional creation and applying it beyond discrete products to solving big problems using systems and experiences. Putting Systems First Design thinking intersects with Collaborative Consumption in several ways. For starters, the design becomes more focused on facilitation than object creation, on transitioning from consumption to participation. As Tim Brown,

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understanding of technology, behavioral science, and marketing. Designers can and must play a critical role in uncovering what people need and want from systems of Collaborative Consumption, ensuring that they gain enough critical mass to continue to improve and scale. Ezio Manzini is a professor of industrial design at Politecnico di Milano

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of removing barriers to use so that the solution is attractive and seamless to take up. Fluidity of use could be applied more widely to Collaborative Consumption. The postage system on SwapTree that automatically calculates the United States Postal Service shipping costs and provides users with the option of printing postage

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services” look like? Diversified access, the third critical design component for Manzini, is another way in which designers can contribute to the rise of Collaborative Consumption. Manzini describes diversified access as creating a system whereby users can enter in a number of different ways and get similar results. Dim Dom, a

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physical and cultural interfaces that intersect to create the context of usage. Although system design will become ever more important, products do still exist in Collaborative Consumption. Whether they are shared bicycles, toys, cars, or handbags or easily disassembled furniture and fittings that find their way from consumer to business and

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back, designers will continue to make things. What are the characteristics of an ideal Collaborative Consumption product? One for Life One obvious key factor is longevity. Across redistribution markets and product service systems in particular, profits are driven by units of

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to covet sustainability. In the end, the role of designers has diversified. Their responsibility has magnified as they influence more and more parts of the Collaborative Consumption system. If you visit an online job postings site today, you’ll find listings for the following positions: software designers, innovation designers, brand designers,

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by connecting advertising campaigns to deep fundamental human needs and motivations, brands can make us want more of the sustainable values and benefits attached to Collaborative Consumption. These values include relationships, respect, support, skills, happiness, new habits, space, and even time. We became hooked on the likes of Apple, Volkswagen, and

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come out and sing ‘Happy Birthday,’ grab some free grub and test your skills at any one of our birthday party games.” From day one, Collaborative Consumption brands invest in the community. And instead of talking at users, collaborative brands first listen and then encourage a multiway conversation. For many organizations,

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awareness of community momentum and purpose spurs further explorations and growth into new economies and innovations. We have become increasingly adapted to change. And because Collaborative Consumption is based on natural behavioral instincts around sharing and exchanging that have in fact been suppressed by hyper-consumerism but that are innate to us

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consumption but helps address some of our most worrying economic and environmental issues. While it is complex to audit and project the entire environmental impact, Collaborative Consumption does reduce the number of new products and raw materials consumed and does create a different consumer mind-set. When Jonathon Porritt was chairman of

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efficient usage, less material consumed, reduced waste, and more social capital. Throughout the book, we’ve seen certain consistent and specific motivations for participating in Collaborative Consumption: cost savings, coming together, convenience, and being more socially conscious and sustainable. The fact that it attracts new consumers based on traditional self-interested motivation

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time, and that it converts this into positive social and environmental outcomes, should not detract from its overall impact on consumer behavior. When people enter Collaborative Consumption through one particular door—a clothing exchange, a car-sharing scheme, or a launderette—they become more receptive to other kinds of collective or community

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of peer-to-peer collaboration is evolving at an astonishing rate, creating new sharing models and business opportunities every day. Based on the evolution of Collaborative Consumption to date, and the socioeconomic context the phenomenon is emerging within, we believe certain behaviors and ideas will take hold over the next decade

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Caroline Woolard—Cofounder of Trade School Jeffrey Zalles—Owner of Brainwash Launderette Alan Zimmerman—Spokesman for ITEX Dustin Zuckerman—Founder of Santa Rosa Tool Library Collaborative Consumption Hub www.collaborativeconsumption.com We have created the hub www.collaborativeconsumption.com to become a collaborative repository of ideas and resources built by the readers

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of this book. As the Collaborative Consumption movement evolves, so will the online hub—providing tools, resources, and stories that discuss, inform, and inspire its growth. We invite you to edit

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Clothing Exchange clothing swaps, critical mass in Coase, Ronald coincidence of wants collaboration mass shift from consumerism to stigmas and stereotypes about see also cooperation collaborative consumption: benefits and uses of demographics of evolution and rise of four principles of implications of participant mind-set and role of brand in role of

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in rooted in social networks social proof as vital to sustainability as consequence of values redefined by ways to participate in see also mass collaboration collaborative consumption systems designing revenue models for collaborative design longevity as central to collaborative lifestyles coordination in defining of as expanded by Internet peripheral relationships from trust

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(Thackara) Intel Interface Internet: bartering efficiently on collaborative lifestyles and community re-establishment via dematerialization of goods via as democratic and decentralized and evolution of collaborative consumption idling capacity and mass collaboration on as modern commons peer-to-peer markets on reputation trail on swap trading expanded by transaction costs cut by

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peer provider peer-to-peer exchanges currencies on facilitating of growing norm of hurdles facing middlemen eliminated in return to trust values of see also collaborative consumption; local markets; specific markets peer user Perez, Carlota Picasso, Pablo Piece of the Action, A (Nocera) plastic Pollan, Michael Porritt, Jonathon power of persuasion

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capital, decline in social habits: changed by social proof of consumerism of spending decisions social lending see also specific companies social networks: built around brands collaborative consumption rooted in social benefits of Socialnomics (Qualman) social proof SolarCity Soman, Dilip Sonne, Chris Spence, Michael spending decisions Spike, The SpiralMuse Stallman, Richard Stalnaker,

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Twitter U-exchange Uhlhaas, Christoph unconsumption Urm, Tiina usage PSS UsedCardboardBoxes user communities see also brand communities Vacanti, Vincius values of leisure time redefined by collaborative consumption Vanderbilt, Tom Veblen, Thorstein Vélib VEN Vineberg, Scott viral marketing Viral Spiral (Bollier) Virgin Atlantic Walker, Rob Wal-Mart waste, waste production: from consumerism

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written permission of HarperCollins e-books. FIRST EDITION * * * Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Botsman, Rachel. What's mine is yours : the rise of collaborative consumption / by Rachel Botsman, Roo Rogers. p. cm. Summary: “An idea-fueled book that explores the rise of new economic models based on shared resources and

Collaborative Society

by Dariusz Jemielniak and Aleksandra Przegalinska  · 18 Feb 2020  · 187pp  · 50,083 words

the first place, or complements our existing offline connections.15 Human collaboration enabled by technology can occur in specific contexts such as peer production and collaborative consumption, or more generally through online sharing and exchange platforms. Emerging technologies, thanks to their direct collaboration-enabling features and their engagement of much broader populations

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net’s innovative capacities, and viewed encapsulated proprietary networks as limiting them.19 Marcus Felson and Joe L. Spaeth, in their study “Community Structure and Collaborative Consumption,” introduced the term economy of sharing in 1978.20 Today, more than 40 years later, the economy and society continue to rapidly develop and transform

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together may well prevail over the concrete outcomes of individual projects.43 Some authors who recognize the importance of the cooperative process propose the term collaborative consumption.44 But we believe that consumption, like production, is not best word with which to capture the value of changes we’re experiencing as a

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, OpenStreetMap Citizen science Online activism #MeToo, Occupy Wall Street Biohacking We believe that many of these examples refer to the phenomena of open collaboration or collaborative consumption, but neither term, sharing economy nor peer production, adequately covers their scope. As we see it, the significant change occurring in the society, apparent in

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. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It (Yale University Press, 2008). 20. M. Felson and J. L. Spaeth, “Community Structure and Collaborative Consumption: ‘A Routine Activity Approach.’” American Behavioral Science 21 (1978): 614. 21. J. Schor, “Debating the Sharing Economy,” Great Transition Initiative (October 2014). 22. C. Shirky

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, and the Fallible State,” Politics and Society 41 (2013): 213–251. 30. R. Botsman and R. Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (HarperBusiness, 2010). 31. L. Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing (Penguin Press, 2010). 32. T. Terranova, Network Culture: Politics for the

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: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (Yale University Press, 2006). 12. R. Botsman and R. Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (HarperBusiness, 2010). 13. T. Slee, What’s Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy (OR Books, 2017). 14. N. A. John, The Age of Sharing

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. Still, many users keep sharing after having downloaded the files. 26. J. Hamari, M. Sjöklint, and A. Ukkonen, “The Sharing Economy: Why People Participate in Collaborative Consumption,” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 67 (2016): 2047–2059. 27. A. Diamant-Cohen and O. Golan, “Downloading Culture: Community Building in

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. Delwiche and J. J. Henderson, The Participatory Cultures Handbook (Routledge, 2012). 39. R. Botsman and R. Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (HarperBusiness, 2010). 40. J. van Dijck, “Users Like You? Theorizing Agency in User-Generated Content,” Media, Culture & Society 31 (2009): 41–58. 41. https://perma

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(2001): 122–124. 46. https://perma.cc/8VFF-S25A 47. https://perma.cc/S3CR-7U5D Further Reading More about collaborative consumption Botsman, R., and R. Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. New York: HarperBusiness, 2014. Kostakis, V., and M. Bauwens. Network Society and Future Scenarios for a Collaborative Economy

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Collaboration, within disorganized crowds, 182 Collaboration, future definition of, 179–180 and efficiency, 195 Collaboration, among infants, 1–3 Collaboration, on social platforms, 175, 182 Collaborative consumption, 32–33 Collaborative economy, 7–8 Collaborative society, 4–5, 11, 37 future of, 178 Collaborative tracking, 144, 148, 152–153 Commons-based peer production

The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism

by Jeremy Rifkin  · 31 Mar 2014  · 565pp  · 151,129 words

all connected and describes the disruptions that lie just around the corner for most sectors.” —Rachel Botsman, author of What’s Mine is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing The Way We Live “Jeremy Rifkin understands that it’s people and communities who are at the heart of the new economic paradigm

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Harvard-educated former consultant to GE and IBM who abandoned her career to join the new sharing economy, describes the path that led up to collaborative consumption. She notes that the social Web has passed through three phases—the first enabled programmers to freely share code; Facebook and Twitter allowed people to

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of the new economic paradigm growing up in our midst. She writes: Every day people are using Collaborative Consumption—traditional sharing, bartering, lending, trading, renting, gifting, and swapping, redefined through technology and peer communities. Collaborative Consumption is enabling people to realize the enormous benefits of access to products and services over ownership, and at

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350,000 items in 2012, and orders are growing by a whopping 51 percent a month.44 Who could be opposed to the idea of collaborative consumption and a sharing economy? These new economic models seem so benign. Sharing represents the best part of human nature. Reducing addictive consumption, optimizing frugality, and

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cofounder and editor of Shareable magazine, a nonprofit online media publication that reports on new developments in the collaborative consumption economy, notes that while U.S. retail sales in 2011 were $4.7 trillion, collaborative consumption represented nearly $100 billion in turnover that year. Gorenflo asked what retailers can do to leverage their formidable

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commercial power and quickly take collaborative consumption mainstream.46 Gorenflo outlines a tracking system that would allow a retailer to continue to capture part of the income stream of each item it

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critical role in building large-scale sharing communities in the future.”95 Many industry analysts agree with these optimistic forecasts. In 2011, Time magazine declared collaborative consumption to be one of its “10 ideas that will change the world.”96 The Collaborative Commons has the potential to massively undermine the conventional capitalist

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in keeping up with materialistic trends and less invested in obsessive consumerism as a way of life. These findings dovetail with the sharp rise of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. All over the world, a younger generation is sharing bikes, automobiles, homes, clothes, and countless other items and opting for access

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, http://www.fastcompany .com/1747551/sharing-economy (accessed November 12, 2013). 30. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), xv–xvi. 31. Bruce Upbin, “Airbnb Could Have More Rooms than Hilton by 2012,” Forbes, June 29, 2011, http://www.forbes

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.com/technology/article/S-F-s-yerdle-sharing-not-shopping-40 63638.php (accessed June 18, 2013). 46. Neal Gorenflo, “How Big Retail Could Mainstream Collaborative Consumption Overnight,” Shareable, June 6, 2012, http://www.shareable.net/blog/how-big-retail-could-mainstream-col laborative-consumption-overnight (accessed June 19, 2013). 47. Ibid

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). 13. “FAQ,” TrustCloud, https://trustcloud.com/faq (accessed June 11, 2013). 14. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (New York: HarperCollins, 2010), 179. 15. Cait Poynor Lamberton and Randall L. Rose, “When Is Ours Better than Mine? A Framework for Understanding and Altering

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: The Power Paradigm for the New Millennium. Washington DC: CRC Press, 2001. Botsman, Rachel and Roo Rogers. What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. New York: HarperCollins, 2010. Boyle, James. Cultural Environmentalism and Beyond. San Francisco: Creative Commons, 2007. Brewer, Richard. Conservancy: The Land Trust Movement in America. Hanover

The Sharing Economy: The End of Employment and the Rise of Crowd-Based Capitalism

by Arun Sundararajan  · 12 May 2016  · 375pp  · 88,306 words

have appeared concurrent with the mainstream emergence of the sharing economy—Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers’s What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (2010) and Lisa Gansky’s The Mesh (2010)—and look as well at the ideas in Alex Stephany’s more recent book, The Business of

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century stands to become the century of “collaborative consumption.” Access in hyper consumption is defined by credit, whereas access in collaborative consumption is driven by reputation; choice in hyper consumption is defined by advertising, whereas choice in collaborative consumption is driven by community. Hyper consumption is defined by ownership, collaborative consumption by shared access. As they observe: “The

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Collaboration at the heart of Collaborative Consumption may be local and face-to-face, or it may use the Internet to

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sharing again with their community—be it an office, a neighborhood, an apartment building, a school, or a Facebook network.”13 Botsman and Rogers define collaborative consumption, their preferred term, in accordance with a set of principles that include critical mass, idling capacity (the untapped value of unused or underused assets), belief

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world, and in some definitional articles in 2014 and 2015 that I return to in chapter 3. Gansky’s thoughtful 2010 book focuses not on “collaborative consumption” but yet another concept—“the Mesh.” Gansky, a good friend of mine as well as a serial entrepreneur who sold her company oFoto to Kodak

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29, 2015. http://fortune.com/2015/07/29/sharing-economy-chart. 13. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (New York: HarperCollins), xv. 14. Lisa Gansky, The Mesh: Why the Future of Business Is Sharing (New York: Portfolio Penguin, 2010). https://informationdj.files.wordpress

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’s Four Quadrants In 2013, Rachel Botsman proposed a framework for organizing the “collaborative economy,” laying out four broad sites of economic activity: collaborative production, collaborative consumption, collaborative finance, and collaborative education.18 Collaborative production is concerned with the design, production, and distribution of goods through collaborative networks. By contrast

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, collaborative consumption seeks to maximize assets through their shared redistribution. Airbnb and Getaround are good examples. The third category involves collaborative forms of finance, such as Funding

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and accessories rentals, 15–16 “Coase’s Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm” (Benkler), 210n19 Cohen, Molly, 139, 153 Coleman, James, 60 Collaborative consumption, 28, 82 Collaborative economy, 25–28 Collaborative Economy Honeycomb, 82–84 Collaborative-Peer-Sharing Economy Summit, 105, 114–115 Commercial exchange, history of peer-to

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, Adam, 198–199 Westly Group, 199 West Seattle Tool Library, 15 WeWork, 6 Whang, Seungjin, 74–75 What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (Botsman and Rogers), 28 Whole Foods, 71, 213n3 Wikipedia, 199 Wilson, Fred, 17, 85 With Liberty and Dividends for All (Barnes), 189 Wong, Jamie, 77

Leading From the Emerging Future: From Ego-System to Eco-System Economies

by Otto Scharmer and Katrin Kaufer  · 14 Apr 2013  · 351pp  · 93,982 words

awareness in numerous arenas. For example, the movements for Slow Food, conscious consuming, fair trade, LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), socially responsible investing, and collaborative consumption are all extending their reach to include the concerns of others in the economic process. They can be seen as forerunners of the 4.0

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the well-being of people and the planet. That movement has changed business practices in many industries and continues today in various forms of conscious, collaborative consumption that we will discuss in more detail below. In all these examples, we see a similar theme: Consumers have begun to extend their awareness of

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in terms of individual private property rights. In the twenty-first-century world, with seven billion people, massive distributed networks of co-creative production, and collaborative consumption, as well as increasing resource scarcity and a depleted set of commons, we have entered an era when insisting on the primacy of individual property

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haven’t seen yet is a real strengthening of commons-based property rights that could spark a third Industrial Revolution featuring co-creative production and collaborative consumption, just as individual property rights sparked the first and second Industrial Revolutions. Two main myths have locked the understanding of property rights in what are

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Germany, women swap clothes at parties of eight hundred or more. More and more consumers are moving from buying to “using”; Botsman calls this phenomenon collaborative consumption.75 Says Robert Henrich, CEO of Daimler’s Car2go, a car-sharing company that operates in Vancouver, British Columbia; Austin, Texas; Washington, DC; San Diego

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Botsman, presentation at TEDx Sydney, May 2010, www.ted.com/talks/rachel_botsman_the_case_for_collaborative_consumption.html (accessed December 15, 2012). 75. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption (New York: HarperBusiness, 2010). 76. Kerstin Bund, “Käufer werden Nutzer,” interview with Robert Henrich, Die

The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World

by Jeremy Rifkin  · 27 Sep 2011  · 443pp  · 112,800 words

/news/articles/etsy.html. 23.Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010). From Generation Me to Generation We. In What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption. New York: HarperBusiness, p. 49; Kalin, R. (2011, March 28). Etsy—Speaking Engagement Request [E-mail to the author]. 24.Microfinance and Financial Inclusion. (2010

The Fourth Industrial Revolution

by Klaus Schwab  · 11 Jan 2016  · 179pp  · 43,441 words

or descriptors: technology enabled, preference for access over ownership, peer to peer, sharing of personal assets (versus corporate assets), ease of access, increased social interaction, collaborative consumption and openly shared user feedback (resulting in increased trust). Not all are present in every “sharing economy” transaction. Positive impacts – Increased access to tools and

Frugal Innovation: How to Do Better With Less

by Jaideep Prabhu Navi Radjou  · 15 Feb 2015  · 400pp  · 88,647 words

sharing, bartering, swapping, renting or trading. Collaborative consumers do not covet the latest and fanciest products; they prefer good-enough solutions that meet basic needs. Collaborative consumption, a concept popularised by Rachel Botsman in her book What’s Mine Is Yours, threatens to disrupt many industries. In 2013, more people used BlaBlaCar

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inputs could be made to create greater value for more and more users. That is the underlying premise of the sharing economy – also known as collaborative consumption – in which participants aspire to share access to goods and services rather than to have individual ownership. Sharing economy firms include Airbnb (sharing homes), RelayRides

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from 52 million in 2010”. Conclusion A few pioneering Western firms are making sustainability a strategic objective. New approaches such as cradle-to-cradle and collaborative consumption are both causes and consequences of this shift; and these trends will drive the frugal innovation revolution in the West. Unilever, Marks & Spencer and Kingfisher

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of Life Is a Paid-for Experience, J.P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2000. 8Botsman, R. and Rogers, R., What’s Mine Is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, HarperBusiness, 2010. 9Mulliez, V., CEO, Groupe Auchan, interview with Navi Radjou, October 8th 2013. 10McQuivey, J., Digital Disruption: Unleashing the next Wave of Innovation, Forrester

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Production (CSCP) 193–4 collaboration 76, 114, 138–9, 176, 211, 217–18 cross-functional 36–8, 39, 71–2 see also hyper-collaboration; TechShop collaborative consumption see sharing economy collaborative manufacturing 50–1 collective buying platforms 137 Commonwealth Fund 110 communities of customers 129, 131, 132–3 local 52, 57, 146

Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, From the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First

by Frank Trentmann  · 1 Dec 2015  · 1,213pp  · 376,284 words

(London, 2015). 3. Joseph E. Stiglitz, The Great Divide (London, 2015). 4. Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers, What’s mine is yours: the rise of collaborative consumption (New York, 2010); B. Joseph Pine and James H. Gilmore, The experience economy (Boston, Mass., 1999); Jon Sundbo and Flemming Sørensen (eds), Handbook on the

Peers Inc: How People and Platforms Are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism

by Robin Chase  · 14 May 2015  · 330pp  · 91,805 words

, eBay, Facebook, OKCupid, YouTube, Waze, Airbnb, WhatsApp, Duolingo—all are part of this transformation of capitalism. Web 2.0, the sharing economy, crowdsourcing, collaborative production, collaborative consumption, and network effects are simply terms we’ve created along the way in an effort to capture what is going on. Attributing all this to

Ecovillages: Lessons for Sustainable Community

by Karen T. Litfin  · 16 Dec 2013  · 322pp  · 89,523 words

What's Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy

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Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy

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The Great Fragmentation: And Why the Future of All Business Is Small

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Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations

by Nandan Nilekani  · 4 Feb 2016  · 332pp  · 100,601 words

Utopia Is Creepy: And Other Provocations

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After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back

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The End of Big: How the Internet Makes David the New Goliath

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Exponential Organizations: Why New Organizations Are Ten Times Better, Faster, and Cheaper Than Yours (And What to Do About It)

by Salim Ismail and Yuri van Geest  · 17 Oct 2014  · 292pp  · 85,151 words

European Spring: Why Our Economies and Politics Are in a Mess - and How to Put Them Right

by Philippe Legrain  · 22 Apr 2014  · 497pp  · 150,205 words

Inside the Nudge Unit: How Small Changes Can Make a Big Difference

by David Halpern  · 26 Aug 2015  · 387pp  · 120,155 words

The Misfit Economy: Lessons in Creativity From Pirates, Hackers, Gangsters and Other Informal Entrepreneurs

by Alexa Clay and Kyra Maya Phillips  · 23 Jun 2015  · 210pp  · 56,667 words

A Small Farm Future: Making the Case for a Society Built Around Local Economies, Self-Provisioning, Agricultural Diversity and a Shared Earth

by Chris Smaje  · 14 Aug 2020  · 375pp  · 105,586 words

Humans as a Service: The Promise and Perils of Work in the Gig Economy

by Jeremias Prassl  · 7 May 2018  · 491pp  · 77,650 words

Stuffocation

by James Wallman  · 6 Dec 2013  · 296pp  · 82,501 words

Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley From Building a New Global Underclass

by Mary L. Gray and Siddharth Suri  · 6 May 2019  · 346pp  · 97,330 words

Digital Disconnect: How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy

by Robert W. McChesney  · 5 Mar 2013  · 476pp  · 125,219 words

The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport: Second Edition

by David Levinson and Kevin Krizek  · 17 Aug 2015  · 257pp  · 64,285 words

Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia

by Dariusz Jemielniak  · 13 May 2014  · 312pp  · 93,504 words

Masters of Management: How the Business Gurus and Their Ideas Have Changed the World—for Better and for Worse

by Adrian Wooldridge  · 29 Nov 2011  · 460pp  · 131,579 words

The Metric Society: On the Quantification of the Social

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50 Future Ideas You Really Need to Know

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