controlled vocabulary Concepts

Natural language processing with Python

by Steven Bird, Ewan Klein and Edward Loper · 15 Dec 2009 · 504pp · 89,238 words

standard for describing language resources. Uniform description across repositories is ensured by limiting the values of certain metadata elements to the use of terms from controlled vocabularies. OLAC metadata can be used to describe data and tools, in both physical and digital formats. OLAC metadata extends the 11.6 Describing Language Resources

Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences

by Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star · 25 Aug 2000 · 357pp · 125,142 words

of Causes of Death, Department of Commerce, US Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1913: 131. Figure 2.4b: The problem of controlled vocabulary: this list shows terms in common use to be avoided in favor of more technical medical terms. Source: Edward T. Thompson, Textbook and Guide to

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) strive in precisely the same way to keep the past open. Ideally, they would become topological, but with an ease of management, data entry, and controlled vocabulary preserved. Thus far, this goal has proved elusive. To tell the story as one internal to the history of medicine, consider the problem of tracking

Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data

by Leslie Sikos · 10 Jul 2015

field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) used to represent information in a machine-readable form that computer systems can utilize to solve complex tasks. Taxonomies or controlled vocabularies are structured collections of terms that can be used as metadata element values. For example, an events vocabulary can be used to describe concerts, lectures

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in a machine-readable format, while an organization vocabulary is suitable for publishing machine-readable metadata about a school, a corporation, or a club. The controlled vocabularies are parts of conceptual data schemas (data models) that map concepts and their relationships. The most widely adopted knowledge-management standards are the Resource Description

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namespace is http://rdfs.org/ns/void#. Person Vocabularies The features of a person and relationships between people can be described by a variety of controlled vocabularies, as summarized in Table 2-1. Table 2-1. Person Vocabularies Vocabulary Abbreviation Namespace Person class from schema.org schema:Person http://schema.org/Person

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/> . The rdfs:isDefinedBy property is an instance of rdf:Property that is used to indicate a resource that defines the subject resource, such as a controlled vocabulary in which the resource is described. Defining RDFS Domains and Ranges Properties can be declared to apply only to certain instances of classes, by defining

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set of command-line tools called SML-Toolkit. The library supports RDF and RDFS, OWL ontologies, WordNet (a lexical database), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH, a controlled vocabulary for life science publishing), the Gene Ontology, and so on. Reasoners Reasoners derive new facts from existing ontologies and check the integrity of ontologies. The

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“things.” Get Your Company, Products, and Events into the Knowledge Graph If you describe your company, products, services, or events on your web site using controlled vocabulary terms, either as HTML5 Microdata or JSON-LD, they will be considered to be included in the Google Knowledge Graph. The Schema.org terms can

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(MARC), a standard initiated by the Library of Congress, MARC records have been mapped to BIBFRAME vocabulary terms [22] to leverage Linked Data benefits. Other controlled vocabularies used by the library are Dublin Core and MARC Relator Terms (which uses the marcrel prefix). For example, the contributor term of the Dublin Core

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) Vocabulary (Bibliographic Framework Initiative Technical Site). http://bibframe.org/vocab/. Accessed 24 April 2015. 23. Harper, C. A., Tillett, B. B. (2007) Library of Congress Controlled Vocabularies and Their Application to the Semantic Web. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 2007, 43(3-4):47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J104v43n03_03. Accessed

Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences (Inside Technology)

by Geoffrey C. Bowker · 24 Aug 2000

Acute abdomen Abdominal hernia Adrenal crisis Aborted lochia Anterior chest-wall syndrome Abortion emesis Apoplexy Abortus fever Appendiceal colic Figure 2.4b The problem of controlled vocabulary: this list shows terms in common use to be avoided in favor of more technical medical terms. 248 TEXTBOOK AND GUIDE TO STANDARD NOMENCLATURE Arteriosclerotic

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) strive in precisely the same way to keep the past open. Ideally, they would become topological, but with an ease of management, data entry, and controlled vocabulary preserved. Thus far, this goal has proved elusive. To tell the story as one internal to the history of medicine, consider the problem of tracking

Learning SPARQL

by Bob Ducharme · 22 Jul 2011 · 511pp · 111,423 words

of Mad magazine issue number 26. The use of non-XSD types in RDF is currently most common in data using the SKOS standard for controlled vocabularies. In SKOS, the skos:notation property names an identifier for a concept that is often a legacy value from a different thesaurus expressed as a

Beautiful Data: The Stories Behind Elegant Data Solutions

by Toby Segaran and Jeff Hammerbacher · 1 Jul 2009

, say, a “lung cancer” experiment when another researcher might have described it as an “adenocarcinoma”? Many working groups have emerged to try to create a controlled vocabulary and fixed schema to make experiments easier to find, but so far none have completely cracked this problem. Biotech is actually way ahead of the

RDF Database Systems: Triples Storage and SPARQL Query Processing

by Olivier Cure and Guillaume Blin · 10 Dec 2014

TBox with an expressiveness corresponding to a UML class diagram or an entity relationship schema. 3.5.5 SKOS There exists an important number of controlled vocabularies, taxonomies, folksonomies, subject heading systems, or thesauri that are being used within organizations, such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings (http://id.loc.gov

Business Metadata: Capturing Enterprise Knowledge

by William H. Inmon, Bonnie K. O'Neil and Lowell Fryman · 15 Feb 2008 · 314pp · 94,600 words

-Sensitive 197 195 xvi Complete Table of Contents 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Attempts to Capture Semantics: Semantic Frameworks 200 Controlled Vocabulary 200 Glossary 201 Taxonomy 202 Entity/Relationship (ER) Model and Thesauri 203 Conceptual Model, RDF and OWL, Topic Map, UML 204 Description Logics and Other

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’t understand what a term means that is used in a definition, you look it up.) 4.3.1 Components of a Definition Use of controlled vocabulary and thesaurus concepts helps software manage glossaries and can also empower enterprise search capabilities. They can also assist us in writing more complete and comprehensive

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more verbs. For example, a spoon is a utensil with a small bowl attached to the end, used for bringing food to the mouth. The controlled vocabulary structure should probably be extended to include USEDFOR, but this term is not to be confused with USE-FOR, described below. 6. Narrower Term (NT

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controlled vocabulary when preferred terms are used. Example: Suppose Division and Department mean the same thing in an organization; they are synonyms, but suppose Division was the

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commonly called “IS-A,” meaning the child is a type of the parent, and expresses a succession of broad to narrow relationships (just like the controlled vocabulary concept we learned earlier). For example, a fork is a type of cutlery or eating utensil. Strict, technical hierarchies use IS-A classification as a

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the equation and often leave the humans confused, which means they are ignoring business metadata. 11.4.1 Controlled Vocabulary A controlled vocabulary (CV) provides a means to restrict term usage to those terms specified in the controlled vocabulary. A CV often includes “preferred terms” that should be used instead of the referenced term. Preferred terms

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Semantic interoperability UML RDF/S Thesaurus Topic Map Structural interoperability ER Model DB Schema, XML Schema Taxonomy Syntactic interoperability Relational Model, XML List Glossary Weak Controlled Vocabulary Semantics Recovery Source: Dr. Leo Obret, Mitre;Mills Davis, Project10X Increasing Metadata, Context, & Knowledge Representation Axiology Intelligence Question Answering Smart Behaviors Discovery Increasing Reasoning Capability

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foundation for expressing good definitions and semantics and is an excellent starting place to capture meaning. A taxonomy is a step beyond a dictionary or controlled vocabulary because it goes beyond just definitions; it adds the hierarchy on top of the list of defined terms. Many industries have taxonomies that have been

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providing a common vocabulary was constructed using several different standards, to make it sharable: ✦ UML ✦ OWL ✦ ISO 11179 The NCI built its solution using a controlled vocabulary and thesaurus, including relationships between terms. However, the NCI Thesaurus is not “just” a thesaurus; it uses OWL and is description logic based, also using

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–251 prospects, 280 Sarbanes-Oxley Act provisions, 248–240 types, 249–251 Concept Map (C-map), semantic framework, 205, 209 Conceptual model, semantic framework, 204 Controlled vocabulary (CV), semantic framework, 200–201 Corporate forms, business metadata content, 15–16 Corporate Information Factory (CIF), implementation, 81–82 Corporate knowledge base, components, 93–94

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, business metadata capture rationale, 92 CRUD, see Create Read Update Delete Customer relationship management (CRM), business metadata capture rationale, 92 Customer, definition, 56 CV, see Controlled vocabulary DASD, see Direct access storage device Data, definition, 176 Database management system (DBMS) historical perspective, 5 metadata storage, 19 system catalog as metadata resource, 124

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–209 exposing semantics to business, 210–211 expression, 209–210 overview, 207–208 context sensitivity, 197–199 framework Concept Map, 205, 209 conceptual model, 204 controlled vocabulary, 200–201 Description Logics, 206 291 entity/relationship model, 203–204, 208, 210–211 first-order logic, 206 glossary, 201 ontology, 207 Resource Definition Framework

Designing Search: UX Strategies for Ecommerce Success

by Greg Nudelman and Pabini Gabriel-Petit · 8 May 2011

and original thinking about how to help people correct the misspellings that were a common cause of the appearance of the no search results page. Controlled vocabulary substitution redefined the way Google does search, and today, the Did you mean… feature shown in Figure 1-1 is a virtual necessity for a

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order of their relevance to the customer’s original query: 1. Spelling correction and substituting a customer’s original keywords with different keywords from a controlled vocabulary 2. Removing some of a customer’s original keywords, or making partial matches 3. Matching only categories or aspects, without the keywords 4. Top searches

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, featured results, or most popular results 5. Third-party resources and ads You already looked at a good example of controlled vocabulary keyword substitution: the Google Did you mean… feature shown in Figure 1-1. To provide relevant content, Google draws upon its enormous list of the

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indexed keywords for which people have previously searched, which forms its controlled vocabulary, to suggest the closest matching available keyword. Successful content strategies for handling cases when there are no search results are not limited to the five

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innovation shown in Figure 1-9, is an excellent example of a successful marriage of two content strategies: making partial keyword matches and using a controlled vocabulary for keyword substitution. Figure 1-9: Google auto-suggest prevents a no search results condition from occurring When automatically suggesting search keywords, Google chooses the

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top keywords from its controlled vocabulary of the most popular keywords. By matching the beginning of a string the customer begins to type with popular search keywords, Google ensures a successful

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. If we’ve never connected before, the system could helpfully offer to introduce me to Luke for a fee. Of course, we also need robust controlled-vocabulary matching, so the system always finds my existing connections first—no matter how badly I’ve misspelled their names. In Figure 1-11, my simple

The Invisible Web: Uncovering Information Sources Search Engines Can't See

by Gary Price, Chris Sherman and Danny Sullivan · 2 Jan 2003 · 481pp · 121,669 words

beyond machine-readable data and create machineunderstandable data on the Web. Among other things, they provide the capability to introduce controlled vocabulary (often organized in thesaurus form) into the search equation. A controlled vocabulary can bring different terms, jargon, and concepts together. Though the standard will provide a structure for describing, classifying, and managing

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. A form of computing where data resides on many decentralized computers (servers) and is accessed and manipulated by programs called clients residing on users’ computers. controlled vocabulary (thesaurus). A standardized set of terms used to describe similar items. Web-based information about soft drinks may be indexed under such terms as “soda

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,” “soda-pop,” “pop,” “cola,” “carbonated beverages,” “soft drinks,” and even brand names like “Coke.” A controlled vocabulary links all these terms so that a keyword search on any one of them provides results for all. crawler (Web crawler, spider). A software robot