description: radiological weapon that combines radioactive material with conventional explosives to contaminate an area with radioactive material, serving primarily as an area denial device against civilians
109 results
by Jason Burke · 1 Sep 2011 · 885pp · 271,563 words
link’ on their front pages. Prosecutors found no such connection or indeed any terrorist intent at all.31 In America, there was much talk of ‘dirty bombs’, devices laced with sub-explosive radioactive material, largely based on the interrogation under torture of Abu Zubaydah and of an American Hispanic former gang member
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not going to crash plane’, Sunday Times, October 13, 2002. 32. José Padilla was eventually convicted of terrorism charges, but the allegation of planning a dirty bomb – leaked to the press and covered extensively – was dropped. For more on the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah see Rose, ‘Tortured reasoning’. 33. Chris McGreal, ‘The
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, 2009. 21. One good indication of when the conventional threat was considered to be less worrying was a renewed emphasis on unconventional attacks involving radioactive ‘dirty’ bombs, makeshift chemical weapons or similar. Briefings of journalists by politicians and security officials about the terrorist threat to the UK in early 2009 frequently stressed
by Rose George · 13 Oct 2008 · 346pp · 101,255 words
dates to 2006. £6 million to remove fat Personal communication with Rob Smith, September 2006. Many sewers will be 250 years old Kirsty Scott, “The Dirty Bomb Beneath Our Feet,” Guardian, September 23, 2003. 6,000 homeowners House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, “Out of Sight—Not Out of Mind: Ofwat
by Jeremiah Moss · 19 May 2017 · 479pp · 140,421 words
. For months we wandered in a haze of smoke and trauma, waiting for another explosion, anthrax in the mailbox, sarin gas in the subway, a dirty bomb. How disoriented were we? I had spent the 1990s protesting Giuliani, but that fall I thought he wasn’t so bad. I was momentarily delusional
by Robert Fisk · 2 Jan 2005 · 1,800pp · 596,972 words
Lincoln Tunnel and the Golden Gate bridge in the States—were mixed with all the scare stories Britons had been fed over previous weeks: smallpox, dirty bombs, attacks on hotels and shopping malls, a chemical attack on the Tube, the poisoning of water supplies, “postcard target” attacks on Big Ben and Canary
by Kevin Smith · 24 Sep 2007 · 728pp · 233,687 words
Steakhouse Beef Dip wrap and dig into a little low-carb ice cream. We opt for Dirty War, an HBO movie on DVD about a dirty bomb going off in London that I picked up the other day. Before we know it, it’s three, and Harley’s home. Jen and Harley
by John Mueller · 1 Nov 2009 · 465pp · 124,074 words
about six times greater for the larger bomb, not orders of magnitude greater, as the yield measures would imply.7 Fallout, Longer-Term Radiation, and “Dirty” Bombs A nuclear explosion lofts irradiated particles into the air—in considerable amounts for groundburst weapons, but far less for airburst ones. Depending on winds and
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material could also be sprayed over a small area by a conventional explosion, a device routinely labeled a “dirty bomb.” Although radiation levels within an area affected, or contaminated, by fallout or a dirty bomb would eventually become safe by peacetime standards, it could take from two to ten years to do so, a
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health.12 Questions about the dangers of the kind of limited increases in radiation levels that would be caused by most fallout and almost all dirty bomb effects have been raised for years. For example, radiation from fallout killed none of the 23 Japanese fishermen inadvertently exposed to very large doses, about
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a delivery system of enormous sophistication, and even then effective dispersal could easily be disrupted by unfavorable environmental and meteorological conditions.27 Radiological weapons or “dirty bombs,” in which radioactive materials are sprayed over an area by a conventional explosion, are often called “the poor man’s nuclear weapon.” However, unlike the
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’s version, they are incapable of inflicting much immediate damage at all. In fact, it would be almost impossible to disperse radioactive material from a dirty bomb explosion so that victims would absorb a lethal dose before being able to leave the area, and it is likely that few, if any, in
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in principle requiring expensive evacuation and decontamination procedures made necessary by official radiation safely levels that are remarkably, and perhaps excessively, conservative. Moreover, although a dirty bomb would be easier to assemble than a nuclear weapon, the construction and deployment of one is difficult and requires considerable skill.29 Among other problems
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effects of radiation from nuclear explosions—particularly from fallout—have also frequently been inflated (and even more so for radiation emitted by a so-called dirty bomb). Nuclear radiation can make extensive areas technically uninhabitable but, as discussed in the previous chapter, in many cases this is because tolerance standards for radiation
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radiation. This concern is relevant not only to an atomic explosion, particularly a groundburst one, but also to the effects of a somewhat more likely “dirty bomb” explosion and of accidental radiation releases like ones that occurred in Brazil in 1987 from an abandoned medical instrument and in the Soviet Union in
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very much be a primary concern. In fact, if radiation levels are raised only somewhat above normal backgrounds levels in a small area by a dirty bomb, accident, or nuclear fallout, a common recommendation from nuclear scientists and engineers is that those exposed should calmly walk away. Those in charge have failed
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procedure could also have the damaging effect of unnecessarily increasing fears about radiation. In the context of enhanced radiation levels in a city from a dirty bomb attack or fallout, adhering to severely conservative cleanup standards could become spectacularly expensive—unnecessarily costing billions of dollars—and potentially result in the forcible evacuation
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the United States, the country he considered to be the real enemy. As part of this, there were incidental discussions of nuclear weapons, more likely dirty bombs than atomic explosives. Khattab had the idea that he should try to obtain some by stealth from Russia to use as a deterrent. Bin Laden
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Scheuer on 60 Minutes on November 14, 2004, when he assured his rapt and uncritical CBS interviewer that the explosion of a nuclear weapon or dirty bomb in the United States was “probably a near thing.” And author Paul Williams has written at least two books proclaiming the likelihood of a nuclear
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Europe in 2000 destined for London, Paris, and California, as well as many kilos of enriched uranium into the United States for dirty bomb projects; 4) it tested at least one dirty bomb in Afghanistan in 2000; 5) before 9/11, 42 trained fighters entered the United States, leaving 23 still “sleeping” there; 6
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. War and Change in World Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Glanz, James, and Andrew C. Revkin. 2002. “Some See Panic as Main Effect Of Dirty Bombs.” New York Times 7 March: A1. Goldberg, Jeffrey. 2008. “Unforgiven.” Atlantic May: 32–51. Goldstein, Joshua S. 2004. The Real Price of War: How You
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, 1941–1945. New York: Putnam’s Sons. Linzer, Dafna. 2004a. “Nuclear Capabilities May Elude Terrorists, Experts Say.” Washington Post 29 December: A1. ______. 2004b. “Attack With Dirty Bomb More Likely, Officials Say.” Washington Post 29 December: A6. Lippman, Thomas W., and Barton Gellman. 1999. “U.N. ‘Helped U.S. to Spy on Saddam
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. Wells and the World State. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Wald, Matthew L. 2005. “Agency Seeks Broad Standard for ‘Dirty Bomb’ Exposure.” New York Times 8 November: A20. ______. 2006. “Proposal on ‘Dirty Bomb’ Attack Would Accept Higher Exposure.” New York Times 5 January: A15. Walt, Stephen M. 2000. “Containing Rogues and Renegades: Coalition
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, Peter D., and Jeffrey G. Lewis. 2006. “The Bomb in the Backyard.” Foreign Policy November/December: 32–39. Zimmerman, Peter D., and Cheryl Loeb. 2004. “Dirty Bombs: The Threat Revisited.” Defense Horizons January: 1–11. Index A-bombs, 242n.19 The Absolute Weapon, Brodie, 18, 235 Abu Ghaith, S., weapons of mass
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, 176–178 bomb design, 264n.6, 271–272n.19 bombed cities, de Seversky in 1945, 242n.19 “bomb in the basement,” approach, 102 bomb makers, dirty bombs, 13 bomb shelters, Nagasaki, 9 border flare-ups, 257n.5 Botha, P. W., South Africa, 121 box cutters, September 11, 264n.4 Boyer, Paul, 26
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metaphysics, 63–67 terrorists, 231–232 thinking process, 64 United States vs. Soviet Union, 65–66 detonation, atomic device, 176–178 direct invasion, casualties, 151 “dirty bombs” education, 195 nuclear radiation, 18 nuclear weapons, 5–7 poor man’s nuclear weapon, 13 disarmament, 80–81, 112–113 dissuasion Belarus, 122–124 Kazakhstan
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.48 nuclear forensics, 155, 164, 190, 194, 264n.6 nuclear fuel, cartelization, 260n.28 nuclear metaphysics, deterrence, 63–67 nuclear proliferation, xiii, 89 nuclear radiation, dirty bomb, 18 nuclear reactor meltdown, Chernobyl, 7 Nuclear Regulatory Agency, radiation, 7 The Nuclear Revolution, Mandelbaum, 246n.7 nuclear sting operation, 194 Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate
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economic and organizational cost, 110–112 ego trip, 143 electromagnetic pulse, 4 enhancing appeal, 143–149 existence of, and security, 251n.26 fallout, radiation and “dirty bombs,” 5–7 groundburst Hiroshima-size device, 10–11 Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 9–10 historical impact, 236–237 horizontal proliferation, 73 hostility, 25–26 indirect and
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.5 political advantage, existential bombast, 232 politicization, terror, 26 Pollack, Kenneth, The Threatening Storm: The Case for Invading Iraq, 130 poor man’s nuclear weapon, “dirty bombs,” 13 Porter, Patrick, 224–225, 226 port security, Los Angeles/Long Beach, 141 postwar world, international relations, 52 Potsdam Declaration, 249n.4 Potter, William, points
by Annie Jacobsen · 16 May 2011 · 572pp · 179,024 words
Staff at the time was: What if atomic energy propelled the Russian craft? Or worse, what if it dispersed radioactive particles, like a modern-day dirty bomb? In 1947, the United States believed it still had a monopoly on the atomic bomb as a deliverable weapon. But as early as June 1942
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Third Reich’s research council on nuclear physics as a weapon in its development of an airplane called the Amerika Bomber, designed to drop a dirty bomb on New York City. Any number of those scientists could be working for the Russians. The Central Intelligence Group, the CIA’s institutional predecessor, did
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the likes of which the world had never seen. In the twenty-first century, this kind of weapon would be referred to as a dirty bomb. The dirty bomb menace posed a growing threat to the internal security of the country, one the Pentagon wanted to make less severe by testing the nightmare scenario
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that the perfect place to do this was Area 51, inside the Dreamland airspace, about four or five miles northwest of Groom Lake. If the dirty bomb was set off outside the legal perimeter of the Nevada Test Site, secrecy was all but guaranteed. As far as specifics were concerned, there was
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to Area 51. Or that the very first nuclear test he would be asked to stand guard over would be Project 57—America’s first dirty bomb. From the first atomic explosions of Operation Crossroads, in 1946, until the Nevada Test Site opened its doors, in 1951, America tested its nuclear weapons
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up, giving things a circus feel. Nine burros, 109 beagles, 10 sheep, and 31 albino rats were put in cages and set to face the dirty bomb. EG&G’s rapatronic photographic equipment would record the radioactive cloud within the first few microseconds of detonation. A wooden decontamination building was erected just
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.” These findings came as a result of many tests performed on the dead burros, beagles, sheep, and albino rats that had been exposed to the dirty bomb. So why wasn’t Richard Mingus dead? The same report revealed that “air samplers indicated high airborne concentrations of respirable plutonium remarkably far downwind.” Plutonium
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an environment laden with plutonium and live into his eighties; Richard Mingus is a case in point. Within a year of the detonation of the dirty bomb, the scientists were satisfied with their preliminary data, and Project 57 wound down. The acreage at Area 13 was fenced off with simple barbed wire
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Plumbbob series would take precedent over any kind of effort to contain future harm done by the first test in the series, the Project 57 dirty bomb. Out in the desert, men with extraordinary power and punishing schedules worked without any effective oversight. As one EG&G weapons engineer remarked, “Things at
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no shortage of death woven into the uncensored history of Area 51. One of the most dangerous tests ever performed there was Project 57, the dirty bomb test that took place five miles northwest of Groom Lake, in a subparcel called Area 13. And yet what might have been the one defensible
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Groom Lake, where operations tend to have clear-cut beginnings and ceremonious endings, Project 57 was abandoned midstream. If the point of setting off a dirty bomb in secret was to see what would happen if an airplane carrying a nuclear bomb crashed into the earth near where people lived, it follows
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to clean up such a nightmare scenario after the catastrophe occurs. No such efforts were initially made. Instead, about a year after setting off the dirty bomb, the Atomic Energy Commission put a barbed-wire fence around the Area 51 subparcel, marked it with HAZARD/DO NOT ENTER/NUCLEAR MATERIAL signs, and
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been terribly useful, as was revealed eight years and eight months after Project 57 unfurled. On the morning of January 17, 1966, a real-life dirty bomb crisis occurred over Palomares, Spain. A Strategic Air Command bomber flying with four armed hydrogen bombs—with yields between 70 kilotons and 1.45 megatons
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Palomares in the form of aerosolized plutonium, which then spread out across 650 acres of Spanish farmland—consistent with dispersal patterns from the Project 57 dirty bomb test. The fourth bomb landed in the sea and became lost. Palomares was then a small fishing village and farming community located on the Mediterranean
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shear as significant factors to deal with. But considering, with inconceivable lack of foresight, the Atomic Energy Commission had never attempted to clean up the dirty bomb that it had set off at Area 13 nine years before, the 16th Nuclear Disaster Team was, essentially, working in the dark. Eight hundred individuals
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frozen surface of North Star Bay. The impact detonated the high explosives in at least three of the four thermonuclear bombs—similar to exploding multiple dirty bombs—spreading radioactive plutonium, uranium, and tritium over a large swath of ice. A second fire started at the crash site, consuming bomb debris, wreckage from
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-dispersal tests, similar to the Project 57 test that had been conducted at Groom Lake just a few years earlier. Called Operation Roller Coaster, three dirty bomb tests were performed to collect biological data on three hundred animals placed downwind from aerosolized plutonium clouds generated from three Sandia nuclear weapons. With seven
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ways. In the summer of 2009, I went to the Nuclear Testing Archive library in Las Vegas to locate declassified documents on the Project 57 “dirty bomb” test, ones that were mysteriously missing from the Department of Energy’s online repository. Even in person, the staff was unable to fulfill my records
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moved from there to Area 13 (requested designation for site) for firing.” 13. Richard Mingus was tired: Interviews with Richard Mingus. 14. America’s first dirty bomb: Operation Plumbbob, Summary Report, Test Group 57, Nevada Test Site, Extracted Version, May–October 1957, ITR-1515 (Extracted Version), 85 pages. 15. Pacific Proving Ground
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0627 PST.” 31. The bomb was indeed dirty: In June of 1982, Sandia Corporation produced an extracted 102-page report on the results of its dirty bomb or plutonium-contamination effects study on Project 57 for the director of the Defense Nuclear Agency, in lieu of a proposed cleanup of Area 13
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securely”: Johnson, “Tonopah Test Range Outpost of Sandia National Laboratories,” 8. 14. would quote Saint Paul of Tarsus: Ibid., 9. 15. Operation Roller Coaster, three dirty bomb tests: Ibid., 47; Operation Roller Coaster Sites, TTR SAFER Plan, Section 2.0. Map here; NVO-171 Environmental Plutonium on the Nevada Test Site and
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be hung from the ceiling and tested. (Collection of Lockheed Martin) Area 13 sits inside Area 51 and was contaminated with plutonium in a 1957 “dirty bomb” test. This photograph, part of a set never released publicly before, was taken during a 1960 Atomic Energy Commission investigation into theft of a “hot
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” item stored there. After the dirty bomb test, someone had cut the fence, ignored the “Warning Alpha Contamination” hazard signs, and stolen a 1952 model pickup truck that was contaminated with plutonium
by Christopher Andrew · 27 Jun 2018
. This would cause pandemonium, what with the explosions, flooding, drowning, etc that would occur/ result.’ Barot’s ultimate ambition was to explode the first radioactive ‘dirty bomb’, probably in the heart of London, though he complained that ‘for the time being’ he had failed to acquire ‘the necessary contacts’.* He would have
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House report concluded, ‘requires little technical and scientific expertise, and radioactive materials can be used with conventional weaponry (such as dynamite) to make a successful dirty bomb.’118 Looming on the UK horizon, perhaps as early as the next decade, is for the first time the terrorism of the nuclear age and
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bomb factory in Britain. 81. An MI5 surveillance photograph of Dhiren Barot, the first Islamist terrorist whose ultimate (unrealized) ambition was to explode a radioactive ‘dirty bomb’, probably in the heart of London. 82. 1 May 2011: the first photo of a policymaker and advisers watching an intelligence-led operation – President Obama
by Jon Frost · 8 Apr 2015 · 279pp · 96,180 words
collapsed. You could say the shit hit the fan . . . and the walls, and the floor, and the ceiling, and just about everything else. The ultimate dirty bomb. It could not have been more of a hugely successful disaster if it had been planned by some evil Marvel super-villain called Doktor Turdfest
by Neal Stephenson · 25 Aug 2009 · 1,087pp · 325,295 words
need to kill a person is microscopic. That’s the easy part. The problem is delivering it to the right people.” “So, is this a dirty bomb type of scenario?” “Much more elegant. They designed a reactor the size of a pinhead. It’s a little mechanism, with moving parts, and a
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