by Zoë Schiffer · 13 Feb 2024 · 343pp · 92,693 words
-year-old video from the Syrian civil war repurposed to look like it was taken this weekend.” It wasn’t clear who was behind the disinformation campaigns—but researchers noted that the tactics were consistent with prior campaigns out of Iran. Musk promoted two Twitter accounts known for spreading disinformation as credible
by John Fabian Witt · 14 Oct 2025 · 735pp · 279,360 words
lived a century ago, the United States is a wealthy nation in crisis, plagued by unjustifiable economic inequalities, strained by racial divisions, and beset by disinformation campaigns that openly distort the democratic process. Detractors on the left and the right alike have turned on the Fund’s legacies.16 This book is
by W. David Marx · 18 Nov 2025 · 642pp · 142,332 words
staffer who claimed to have worked for Rudy Giuliani’s presidential campaign. This collaboration revealed a more dystopian form of globalization: Powerful political forces outsourced disinformation campaigns to low-cost labor in developing countries. For the teens, it was all business. “We can’t afford anything,” one content farmer explained, “and if
by Jacob Silverman · 9 Oct 2025 · 312pp · 103,645 words
letter, Murphy specifically cited concerns about the Saudi government using its investment “to silence government critics and human rights activists, or to further state-sponsored disinformation campaigns.” According to the Washington Post, the investigation never happened.22 (CFIUS records are not subject to Freedom of Information requests.) That investigatory work fell upon
by Shaun Walker · 15 Apr 2025 · 465pp · 155,902 words
and its Western allies, deciding that more emphasis should be placed on so-called active measures, including collecting kompromat on foreign public figures and using disinformation campaigns. The KGB’s leadership also demanded a renewed emphasis on illegal intelligence.[37] The “special directorate,” which handled illegals and later became known simply as
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, 138 Rudenko, Anatoly, 240–1 Rudé právo, 201 Rudi, see Valoušek, Dalibor Russia: 9/11 attacks and, 319 annexation of Crimea by, 339, 340, 346 disinformation campaigns by, 339–43 foreign agents in, 326–7. See also Poteyev, Alexander historical revisionism in, 346 illegals program of, see Russian illegals program intelligence agencies
by Anu Bradford · 25 Sep 2023 · 898pp · 236,779 words
elections. And they can replay the images of the January 6, 2021, insurrection at the US Capitol, which originated in a rampant social media–fueled disinformation campaign about a stolen election.31 Consequently, when looking strictly at innovation and economic growth, the American market-driven model can be praised for its ability
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electoral process. There is no more vivid illustration of this than the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol following a rampant social media–fueled disinformation campaign about a stolen election. The unregulated digital economy is also rife with privacy scandals. This is exactly what happened in the infamous Cambridge Analytica scandal
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EU’s efforts to fight online disinformation through digital regulation are particularly relevant in its quest to protect the integrity of political elections. Politically motivated disinformation campaigns, including interference by foreign governments, present a serious threat to democracy.93 One particularly disturbing example of such election meddling is Russia’s
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disinformation campaign orchestrated to influence the outcome of the 2016 Brexit referendum,94 which further contributed to the EU’s resolve to address the problem with more
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Roma groups in the suburbs of Paris.140 The European Parliament’s Special Committee found that the Roma people have been a target of multiple disinformation campaigns in Europe, and that online platforms led to the escalation of rumors and to the 2019 mob attack.141 Another prominent fake news story was
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or disinformation presents a thorny challenge for the US platforms. According to research by the Oxford Internet Institute, governments in over 80 countries are pursuing disinformation campaigns.158 In 2021, Meta deactivated more than 20 Facebook accounts linked to Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni’s ruling National Resistance Movement party. The Ugandan president
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the European model are increasingly seen as necessary building blocks of a more equitable and human-centric digital economy. Each additional privacy scandal and online disinformation campaign further vindicates the European model while revealing the limits of the American model. Even the US itself is now growing aware of the limits of
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handful of tech giants is hardly a reflection of economic freedom as conceived by early techno-libertarians. Similarly, recent scandals, including those revealing how online disinformation campaigns can undermine democratic elections, have shown that strong democracy does not necessarily flow from an unregulated digital marketplace. Consequently, a more regulated digital economy in
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-fake-news. 141.Judit Szakács & Éva Bognár, European Parliament Special Committee on Foreign Interference in All Democratic Processes in the European Union, the Impact of Disinformation Campaigns About Migrants and Minority Groups in the EU 14 (2021). 142.Jakub Janda & Ilyas Sharibzhanov, Six Outrageous Lies Russian Disinformation Peddled about Europe in 2016
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and COVID-19 (2022), https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/FP_20220525_china_seo_v2.pdf. 157.Id. 158.Nina Otte-Witte, Disinformation Campaigns: “Lies Can Turn Deadly or Threaten the Stability of Societies,” Akademie (Sep. 24, 2021), https://www.dw.com/en/disinformation-campaignslies-can-turn-deadly-or
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–302 digital protectionism, 72–77, 214 Digital Silk Road (DSR) initiative, 18, 20, 27–28, 294–97, 314, 316–17, 391–92 digital sovereignty, 215 disinformation campaigns, 282–83 dual circulation strategy, 206 e-commerce, 94–95, 155 Export Control Law (ECL), 200–3 exports, 290–323 Five-Year Plan (14th), 206
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, 299–300 Europe. see also specific countries by name 5G networks, 301 Apple’s revenue, 261 Chinese influence in, 301 digital single market, 129–30 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 internet freedom initiatives, 272–73 national tax regimes, 142–43 search engine market, 260–61 smart cities, 296–97 European Battery Alliance, 134
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–40, 377–78, 384–85 criticism of, 283–84, 384 criticism of China’s internet policies, 100 data privacy, 382 data transfer battles, 231–32 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 efforts to address societal harms they cause, 283–84 EU services, 19 fake accounts, 282–83 founding, 137–38 FTC fines, 139 global
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Haley, Nikki, 213–14 Halifax International Security Forum, 388–89 hard tech, 96–97 hardware companies, 73. see also specific companies by name harmful activity disinformation campaigns, 277–78, 280–81 fake news, 281–82 online content, 119–21, 141 protections against, 113–15 sanctions against, 134, 197–99 terrorist attacks, 281
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, 303 content controls, 180–81 cyberattacks, 134 data localization requirements, 330–31 demands on Meta, 338 digital authoritarianism, 135, 308–13 Digital Divide projects, 268 disinformation campaigns, 120–21 Federal Security Service, 312–13 hate speech law, 140–41 and international code of conduct for information security, 303 internet sovereignty, 309–10
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–9, 87–88 social fairness, 124 social media, 41, 64–65, 215–16 Chinese platforms, 80, 82–83, 154–55, 166–67, 293, 312–13 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 role in Brexit, 280 role in January 6, 2021 attack on the US Capitol, 141 role in terrorist attacks, 281–82 US platforms
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–79, 80 compliance with EU laws and regulations, 116–17, 163 content moderation, 3, 7–8, 65–66, 337–38, 341, 377–78, 384–85 disinformation campaigns, 280–81 Disinformation Code, 120 employee walkout, 384–85 European headquarters, 142–43 fact checks, 49–50, 82–83, 277 global influence, 133–34, 257
by Jeff Berwick and Charlie Robinson · 14 Apr 2020 · 491pp · 141,690 words
this without firing a single shot. Former Director of the CIA, William Casey, was quoted as saying that they [the CIA] would know that their disinformation campaign was a success when everything that the American people believed was wrong. So this begs the question of why MSNBC would hire former CIA Director
by Julia Ebner · 20 Feb 2020 · 309pp · 79,414 words
.29 Inaccurate information, severe biases and logical fallacies often reinforce misleading narratives. In the tradition of the Soviet strategic-deception technique of dezinformatsiya, modern-day disinformation campaigns seek to obfuscate, distort or conceal facts.30 The founding counter-intelligence chief of the CIA, James Jesus Angleton, claimed that their goal is to
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outlets Sputnik and Russia Today (RT) frequently help far-right campaigners to spread their messages by amplifying their themes and hashtags.34 Some accounts pushing disinformation campaigns operate like cyborgs – semi-automated, human-operated accounts. For example, a Twitter account that operates under the handle @thebradfordfile tweets over 300 times per day
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have been systematically used to hack people’s minds. Facebook failed to protect its users from personal data breaches and targeted manipulation, Twitter ignored the disinformation campaigns launched by fake profiles and bot nets on its platform and YouTube was reluctant to combat extremist and violence-inciting content. The Cambridge Analytica scandal
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the way in countering disinformation. The so-called Baltic Elves are made up of thousands of voluntary activists who spend their spare time dismantling the disinformation campaigns of Russian trolls – from exposing biased news pieces and misleading statistics to debunking fabricated stories and half-truths. Currently, Lithuania counts around 3,000 elves
by Ronald J. Deibert · 14 Aug 2020
the virus is actually a U.S.-made bioweapon deliberately designed to target China.84 The latter had echoes of a much earlier, KGB-sourced disinformation campaign from the pre–social media age, codenamed Operation Denver, which propagated the false theory that AIDS was the product of a U.S. bioweapons experiment
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were executed as part of clandestine regime change and other military and intelligence programs throughout the Third World. As happens today, commercial and nation-state disinformation campaigns periodically overlapped. In the 1940s, the United Fruit Company hired Edward Bernays, who later used his public relations expertise to help foment a coup in
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Guatemala after the election of a president who was unfavourable to the company. Bernays helped mount a multi-pronged disinformation campaign designed to discredit the democratically elected president, Jacobo Árbenz, as a communist puppet and to motivate U.S. lawmakers and thought leaders to support an
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of a few whistleblowers. But countless other companies like it roll on, following variations on the same successful model. BuzzFeed News, which has studied online disinformation campaigns extensively, discovered that “since 2011, at least 27 online information operations have been partially or wholly attributed to PR or marketing firms.169 Of those
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North Africa — the same dynamics are playing themselves out, with a spice of local flavour and entrepreneurial variation. In Indonesia, low-level military personnel coordinate disinformation campaigns that include dozens of websites and social media accounts whose operators are paid a fee by the military, and whose posts routinely heap praise on
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-ops. It should come as no surprise that big corporations are getting into the game too. Perhaps the most alarming are the well-funded corporate disinformation campaigns around climate change, which have roots going back decades but are now multiplying in the chaos of the communications ecosystem. Big oil, chemical, and other
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payrolls.182 They have built entire organizations, think tanks, and other front organizations to generate scientific-looking but implausible reports, which are then seeded into disinformation campaigns and targeted advertisements meant to disorient and distract audiences from the real science of climate change.183 The consequences for global public safety are disturbing
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-may-be-coming-to-a-website-near-you/2019/07/25/c5d42ee2-5c53-11e9-98d4-844088d135f2_story.html In Indonesia, low-level military personnel coordinate disinformation campaigns: Allard, T., & Stubbs, J. (2020, January 7). Indonesian army wields internet ‘news’ as a weapon in Papua. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us
by Clint Watts · 28 May 2018 · 324pp · 96,491 words
world then, and even now, believes that the U.S. government unleashed AIDS on the world as a biological weapon—thanks to the KGB’s disinformation campaign known as Operation Infektion. An active measures media campaign generally employs three simple ingredients to create damaging propaganda and provide the Kremlin with plausible deniability
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,” Avert.org (March 9, 2018). https://www.avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/overview. 3. Thomas Boghardt, “Operation INFEKTION: Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign,” Studies in Intelligence, vol. 53, No. 4. (December 2009) 1–24. https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi
by Thomas Rid
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