en.wikipedia.org

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672 results

pages: 158 words: 16,993

Citation Needed: The Best of Wikipedia's Worst Writing
by Conor Lastowka and Josh Fruhlinger
Published 14 Oct 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacky_Races Male lactation Though boys and men have nipples, many are unaware that they also have mammary glands[citation needed] This claim was tested in an informal poll conducted on a New York City street corner. It proved that you will be beaten severely if you ask a bunch of random men whether they are aware that they have mammary glands. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_lactation Terminology of homosexuality Jizz Junkie[citation needed] Most find this term pejorative and prefer “semen enthusiast.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminology_of_homosexuality Joanna of Castile The early stages of Joanna and Philip’s relationship were quite passionate, and the feeling was mutual.

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When it is, in fact, one of John Philip Sousa’s most underrated works. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Vinci’s_Notebook Punxsutawney Phil During the rest of the year, Phil lives in the town library with his “wife” Phyllis. The quotes indicate the sinful, never legally sanctioned (but oft-consummated) nature of Phil and Phyllis’s sham marriage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punxsutawney_Phil Lew Zealand His thrown fish are unique in that they return to him once thrown. Something Katherine Hepburn’s thrown fish could never quite get the hang of. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Zealand Animal Fancy One theory for the term “fan”, for one who supports a sports team or any public figure, is that it is likewise derived from this use of “fancy”.

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Had Fellini lived to see this film made, he probably would have appreciated the restraint. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Tuscan_Sun_(film) Daggering Also Jamaican doctors have warned of the dangers of daggering, after being presented with a forest of fractured penises over the last year. We pray you never have an opportunity to use it, but now you know the collective noun for a group of fractured penises. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daggering Mole (animal) Although the mole can be eaten, the taste is said to be deeply unpleasant. The same goes for Sbarro pizza. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(animal) Damnation “Damn” is also used colloquially as an emphatic exclamation; e.g.

pages: 295 words: 66,912

Walled Culture: How Big Content Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Keep Creators Poor
by Glyn Moody
Published 26 Sep 2022

case=16234294480765009725 259 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616150102/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem 260 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615185512/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3.com 261 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701125757/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Robertson_%28businessman%29 262 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701125847/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Fanning 263 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701125937/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Parker 264 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616150138/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster 265 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615185551/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer 266 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616153814/https://walledculture.org/interview-cory-doctorow-part-2-new-publishing-models-for-creators-amazon-as-a-frenemy-and-the-internet-archive-court-case/ 267 https://web.archive.org/web/20220617092736/https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10519/Lessig 268 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616153851/https://lessig.org/product/free-culture/ 269 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616154652/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madster 270 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616070008/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM_%28software%29 271 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155008/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnutella 272 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155027/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_%28computing%29 273 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155104/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel_Code 274 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616071105/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code 275 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155211/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent 276 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155234/https://www.eff.org/wp/riaa-v-people-five-years-later 277 https://web.archive.org/web/20031223084449/http:/www.post-gazette.com/columnists/20030914edroddy0914p1.asp 278 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155234/https://www.eff.org/wp/riaa-v-people-five-years-later 279 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155256/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaa 280 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616155317/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/09/capitol-v-thomas-judge-orders-new-trial-implores-c 281 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616160107/https://www.techdirt.com/2009/06/18/jammie-thomas-ordered-to-pay-1-92-million/ 282 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616153814/https://walledculture.org/interview-cory-doctorow-part-2-new-publishing-models-for-creators-amazon-as-a-frenemy-and-the-internet-archive-court-case/ 283 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616160148/https://law.unimelb.edu.au/about/staff/rebecca-giblin 284 https://web.archive.org/web/20220616160226/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?

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Notes 1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182457/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182511/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berne_Convention 3 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182557/https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2021/05/13/why-did-the-united-states-wait-103-years-to-sign-the-berne-convention/ 4 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182616/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law 5 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182647/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape 6 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182709/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Home_Recording_Act 7 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182728/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_superhighway 8 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182751/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Information_Infrastructure 9 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615182813/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lehman 10 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614172420/https://repository.law.umich.edu/books/1/ 11 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183505/https://michigan.law.umich.edu/faculty-and-scholarship/our-faculty/jessica-litman 12 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701120031/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office 13 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701123552/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_memory 14 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183532/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-sale_doctrine 15 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183551/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompuServe 16 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183612/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL 17 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614172420/https://repository.law.umich.edu/books/1/ 18 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614184956/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limitations_and_exceptions_to_copyright 19 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183731/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Future_Coalition 20 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183751/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Recording_Rights_Coalition 21 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183813/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization 22 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615183834/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy_laundering 23 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614173121/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIPO_Copyright_Treaty 24 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184513/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use 25 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614172420/https://repository.law.umich.edu/books/1/ 26 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184534/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act 27 https://web.archive.org/web/20220614185543/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Society_Directive 28 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184613/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble 29 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701090414/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management 30 https://web.archive.org/web/20220705085628/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Doctorow 31 https://web.archive.org/web/20220615184637/https://walledculture.org/interview-cory-doctorow-part-1-newspapers-big-tech-link-tax-drm-and-right-to-repair/ 32 https://web.archive.org/web/20220621063129/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_formalities 33 https://web.archive.org/web/20220621063142/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain 34 https://web.archive.org/web/20220621063226/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphan_work 35 https://web.archive.org/web/20220701061911/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?

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pages: 365 words: 56,751

Cryptoeconomics: Fundamental Principles of Bitcoin
by Eric Voskuil , James Chiang and Amir Taaki
Published 28 Feb 2020

* * * [10] https://libbitcoin.info [11] https://bitcoincore.org [12] Chapter: Dedicated Cost Principle [13] https://www.dtu.dk/english [14] https://twitter.com [15] https://libbitcoin.info [16] https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-system/wiki/Cryptoeconomics [17] Chapter: Inflation Principle [18] Chapter: Savings Relation [19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Taaki [20] Chapter: Foreword [25] https://libbitcoininstitute.org [26] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation [27] https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/charitable-organizations/exemption-requirements-501c3-organizations [28] Chapter: Value Proposition [51] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises [52] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard [53] Chapter: Inflation Principle [54] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [55] Chapter: Full Reserve Fallacy [56] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [57] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [83] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_geometry [84] Chapter: Permissionless Principle [85] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [86] Chapter: Hearn Error [87] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confinity [88] Chapter: Value Proposition [89] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal [90] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [91] Chapter: Proof of Work Fallacy [92] Chapter: Side Fee Fallacy [93] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [94] Chapter: Qualitative Security Model [95] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [96] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [98] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [99] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls [100] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [101] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [102] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [103] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [104] http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm [105] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [106] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [107] https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/big-in-venezuela/534177/ [110] Chapter: Fragmentation Principle [111] Chapter: Consolidation Principle [112] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [115] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [116] Chapter: Proof of Stake Fallacy [117] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [118] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [119] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [120] Chapter: Reservation Principle [121] Chapter: Blockchain Fallacy [122] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [123] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance [124] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Rage_quit [125] Chapter: Dumping Fallacy [126] Chapter: Qualitative Security Model [127] Chapter: Inflation Principle [128] Chapter: Lunar Fallacy [131] Chapter: Hearn Error [132] Chapter: Value Proposition [134] Chapter: Other Means Principle [135] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [136] https://www.imf.org [137] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [138] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [139] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [140] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [141] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [142] Chapter: Qualitative Security Model [143] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [144] Chapter: Hearn Error [145] Chapter: Fedcoin Objectives [146] Chapter: Public Data Principle [147] Chapter: Proof of Work Fallacy [148] Chapter: Other Means Principle [149] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [150] https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_von_Clausewitz [151] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [152] https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market/html/p/1075 [153] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [154] https://www.asicboost.com/patent [155] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [156] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [157] Chapter: Public Data Principle [158] Chapter: Qualitative Security Model [159] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [160] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [161] Chapter: Value Proposition [162] Chapter: Other Means Principle [174] https://coinweek.com/bullion-report/bitcoin-vs-gold-10-crystal-clear-comparisons [175] Chapter: Stability Property [176] Chapter: Proximity Premium Flaw [177] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [178] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [181] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [182] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymizer [183] Chapter: Side Fee Fallacy [184] Chapter: Social Network Principle [185] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)#Directed_graph [186] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodwill_(accounting) [189] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [190] Chapter: Public Data Principle [191] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [192] Chapter: Cockroach Fallacy [193] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockchain [194] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography [195] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software [196] Chapter: Prisoner’s Dilemma Fallacy [201] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [203] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [204] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [205] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [206] Chapter: Zero Sum Property [207] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidy [208] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market [209] https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/big-in-venezuela/534177 [210] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [211] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [212] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [213] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_surface [214] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls [215] Chapter: Centralization Risk [216] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [217] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls [218] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know_your_customer [220] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [221] Chapter: Scalability Principle [222] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [223] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [224] Chapter: Value Proposition [225] Chapter: Other Means Principle [226] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [227] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [229] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [230] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [231] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [232] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [233] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [234] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value [235] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [236] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_utility [237] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard [238] https://mises.org/library/what-has-government-done-our-money/html/p/81 [246] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [247] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_exchange_controls [248] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [249] https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/081616/understanding-taxes-physical-goldsilver-investments.asp [250] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [251] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [252] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_rate#Parallel_exchange_rate [261] Chapter: Reserve Currency Fallacy [262] https://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Money_substitutes [263] Chapter: Reservation Principle [264] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [265] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [266] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promissory_note [273] Chapter: Fedcoin Objectives [274] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [275] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [276] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [277] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort [278] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_banking [279] Chapter: Thin Air Fallacy [280] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank [281] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_window [282] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_the_Federal_Reserve_System [283] https://www.frbdiscountwindow.org/pages/discount-rates/current-discount-rates [309] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [310] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/12/16/how-tight-jeans-almost-ruined-americas-money [311] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/21/business/sweden-cashless-society.html [312] Chapter: Fedcoin Objectives [313] https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/e-krona [314] Chapter: Reserve Currency Fallacy [315] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard [316] Chapter: Value Proposition [320] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_return [324] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [328] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [329] https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/bios/board/default.htm [330] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [331] https://www.coindesk.com/uasf-revisited-will-bitcoins-user-revolt-leave-lasting-legacy [332] Chapter: Proof of Work Fallacy [337] Chapter: Efficiency Paradox [338] Chapter: Stability Property [339] Chapter: Qualitative Security Model [340] Chapter: Variance Discount Flaw [341] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [342] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [343] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [344] Chapter: Relay Fallacy [345] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [346] Chapter: Efficiency Paradox [347] http://primecoin.io [349] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox [351] Chapter: Zero Sum Property [352] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [355] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonic_function [356] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [357] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Store_of_value [358] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value [359] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof-of-stake [360] Chapter: Proof of Stake Fallacy [361] Chapter: Utility Threshold Property [362] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [364] Chapter: Side Fee Fallacy [365] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step_function [366] http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economicprofit.asp [367] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [368] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_preference [369] Chapter: Proof of Work Fallacy [370] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [371] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_herring [372] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [375] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_game [376] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win-win_game [377] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory [379] Chapter: Side Fee Fallacy [380] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [381] Chapter: Zero Sum Property [382] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [385] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [386] Chapter: Proximity Premium Flaw [387] Chapter: Variance Discount Flaw [388] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale [389] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [390] https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/big-in-venezuela/534177/ [391] Chapter: Relay Fallacy [392] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [393] Chapter: Balance of Power Fallacy [394] https://www.federalreserve.gov [395] Chapter: State Banking Principle [396] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debasement [397] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender [398] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note [399] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [400] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_6102 [401] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund [404] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost [405] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [406] Chapter: Variance Discount Flaw [407] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [410] Chapter: Zero Sum Property [411] https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ie53/publications/btcProcFC.pdf [413] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [414] Chapter: Proximity Premium Flaw [416] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incentive_compatibility [418] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [419] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_email_spam [420] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [423] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [424] Chapter: Proximity Premium Flaw [425] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [426] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum_game [427] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [428] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system [429] Chapter: Proximity Premium Flaw [430] Chapter: Variance Discount Flaw [431] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_scale [432] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidy [433] Chapter: Threat Level Paradox [434] http://gavinandresen.ninja/a-definition-of-bitcoin [435] https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf [436] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [437] Chapter: Brand Arrogation [438] https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core [439] https://libbitcoin.info [440] Chapter: Maximalism Definition [441] Chapter: Custodial Risk Principle [443] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function [444] Chapter: Risk Sharing Principle [446] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [447] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [448] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [450] Chapter: Utility Threshold Property [451] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [452] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%27s_law#Reverse_of_Gresham's_law_(Thiers'_law) [453] Chapter: Fragmentation Principle [460] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [461] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter [462] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services [463] Chapter: Consolidation Principle [464] Chapter: Network Effect Fallacy [465] Chapter: Dumping Fallacy [466] Chapter: Replay Protection Fallacy [467] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_present_value [474] Chapter: Proof of Stake Fallacy [475] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [476] Chapter: Substitution Principle [478] Chapter: Consolidation Principle [479] Chapter: Side Fee Fallacy [482] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [483] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [484] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [485] https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/893.pdf [486] Chapter: Energy Waste Fallacy [487] Chapter: Pooling Pressure Risk [488] Chapter: Proof of Memory Façade [489] Chapter: Energy Waste Fallacy [490] Chapter: Censorship Resistance Property [491] Chapter: Other Means Principle [495] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [496] Chapter: Value Proposition [497] Chapter: Proof of Stake Fallacy [498] Chapter: Axiom of Resistance [499] Chapter: Proof of Memory Façade [500] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [501] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [502] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [503] Chapter: State Banking Principle [504] https://www.frbdiscountwindow.org [505] https://www.fdic.gov/resources/deposit-insurance [507] Chapter: Dumping Fallacy [508] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarding_(economics) [509] Chapter: Replay Protection Fallacy [510] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_present_value [511] Chapter: Consolidation Principle [515] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [516] https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market/html/p/996 [517] Chapter: Reserve Currency Fallacy [518] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves [519] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply#United_States [520] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply#Money_creation_by_commercial_banks [521] Chapter: State Banking Principle [522] https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h3/current/default.htm [543] Chapter: Savings Relation [544] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_preference [545] Chapter: Unlendable Money Fallacy [548] Chapter: Production and Consumption [561] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [562] Chapter: Unlendable Money Fallacy [563] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value [564] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catallactics [565] Chapter: Production and Consumption [566] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [569] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [570] Chapter: Labor and Leisure [571] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional-reserve_banking [572] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [573] Chapter: Thin Air Fallacy [574] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-reserve_banking [602] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [603] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [604] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mining [605] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [607] Chapter: Risk Free Return Fallacy [635] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(logic) [636] Chapter: Production and Consumption [637] Chapter: Labor and Leisure [639] Chapter: Regression Fallacy [640] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [641] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catallactics [642] Chapter: Speculative Consumption [643] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump_and_dump [644] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [645] Chapter: Savings Relation [646] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_value [647] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungibility [648] Chapter: Dumping Fallacy [649] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_axiom [650] Chapter: Production and Consumption [651] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services [652] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste [653] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard [654] https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market/html/p/926 [655] Chapter: Expression Principle [656] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [657] Chapter: Pure Bank [658] Chapter: Reservation Principle [659] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [661] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_axiom [662] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_services [663] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [664] Chapter: Labor and Leisure [665] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste [666] Chapter: Pure Bank [667] Chapter: Reserve Definition [668] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dividend [677] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_banking [678] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve [679] https://www.fdic.gov [680] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discount_window [681] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [682] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [683] Chapter: Inflation Principle [684] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [685] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflation [686] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [687] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrage [688] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demurrage_(currency) [689] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_(finance) [690] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity_(finance) [691] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [692] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost [693] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest [699] Chapter: Savings Relation [700] Chapter: Inflation Principle [704] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [705] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catallactics [706] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Rothbard [707] https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market/html/p/989 [708] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_requirement [709] Chapter: Expression Principle [715] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [726] Chapter: Savings Relation [727] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [732] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [733] Chapter: Full Reserve Fallacy [734] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [735] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [739] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [740] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [741] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [742] Chapter: Inflation Principle [756] Chapter: Speculative Consumption [757] Chapter: Regression Fallacy [758] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_value [759] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter [760] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_of_exchange [761] https://mises.org/library/human-action-0/html/pp/778 [762] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [763] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity [764] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautology_(logic) [765] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [766] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency [767] https://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Money_substitutes [779] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [780] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promissory_note [788] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_tender [789] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [790] Chapter: Stability Property [791] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_money [797] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [798] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power [799] Chapter: Inflation Principle [803] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_money [808] https://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Money_substitutes [809] https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Contractual+Claim [810] Chapter: Debt Loop Fallacy [811] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitization [812] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banknote [813] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_certificate [814] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_money [815] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/electronic-money.asp [816] Chapter: Regression Fallacy [819] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeit_money [823] Chapter: Cryptodynamic Principles [824] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency [825] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [826] Chapter: Reserve Definition [827] https://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Regression_theorem [828] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [829] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_value [830] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter [831] https://mises.org/library/human-action-0/html/pp/778 [833] Chapter: Collectible Tautology [837] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [838] Chapter: Savings Relation [843] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk-free_interest_rate [844] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [855] Chapter: Full Reserve Fallacy [856] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_money [857] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [858] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [860] https://wiki.mises.org/wiki/Money_substitutes [861] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [874] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_past_each_other [875] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_value [876] Chapter: Value Proposition [877] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallism [878] Chapter: Regression Fallacy [879] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartalism [880] Chapter: Debt Loop Fallacy [886] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_run [887] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank [888] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort [889] Chapter: State Banking Principle [890] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [891] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_equation [892] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_inflation [893] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [894] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [895] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [897] Chapter: Inflation Principle [898] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation [899] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [901] Chapter: Speculative Consumption [905] https://medium.com/@paulbars/magic-internet-money-how-a-reddit-ad-made-bitcoin-hit-1000-and-inspired-south-parks-art-b414ec7a5598 [906] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [907] Chapter: Depreciation Principle [908] Chapter: Stability Property [909] https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/05/25/could-the-price-of-bitcoin-go-to-1-million.aspx [910] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_world_product [911] https://medium.com/@100trillionUSD/modeling-bitcoins-value-with-scarcity-91fa0fc03e25 [912] Chapter: Stock to Flow Fallacy [913] Chapter: Reservation Principle [914] Chapter: Reserve Currency Fallacy [915] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catallactics [916] https://mises.org/library/man-economy-and-state-power-and-market/html/p/949 [917] Chapter: Money Taxonomy [918] Chapter: Credit Expansion Fallacy [919] Chapter: Time Preference Fallacy [920] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank [921] Chapter: State Banking Principle [922] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_(finance) [923] Chapter: Debt Loop Fallacy [924] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply#United_States [931] Chapter: Permissionless Principle [932] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seigniorage [933] https://voxeu.org/index.php?

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pages: 247 words: 43,430

Think Complexity
by Allen B. Downey
Published 23 Feb 2012

One interesting kind is the Erdős-Rényi model, denoted , which generates graphs with n nodes, where the probability is p that there is an edge between any two nodes. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdos-Renyi_model. Example 2-4. Create a file named RandomGraph.py, and define a class named RandomGraph that inherits from Graph and provides a method named add_random_edges that takes a probability p as a parameter and, starting with an edgeless graph, adds edges at random so that the probability is p that there is an edge between any two nodes. Connected Graphs A graph is connected if there is a path from every node to every other node. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivity_(graph_theory). There is a simple algorithm to check whether a graph is connected.

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FIFO Implementation A FIFO is a data structure that provides the following operations: append Add a new item to the end of the queue. pop Remove and return the item at the front of the queue. There are several good implementations of this data structure. One is the doubly-linked list, which you can read about at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly-linked_list. Another is a circular buffer, which you can read about at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer. Example 4-1. Write an implementation of a FIFO using either a doubly-linked list or a circular buffer. Yet another possibility is to use a Python dictionary and two indices: nextin keeps track of the back of the queue, and nextout keeps track of the front.

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Then use a FIFO implementation to fix the errors and confirm that your algorithm is linear. Stanley Milgram Stanley Milgram was an American social psychologist who conducted two of the most famous experiments in social science: the Milgram experiment, which studied people’s obedience to authority (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment), and the small world experiment, which studied the structure of social networks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_world_phenomenon). In the small world experiment, Milgram sent a package to several randomly chosen people in Wichita, Kansas with instructions asking them to forward an enclosed letter to a target person, identified by name and occupation, in Sharon, Massachusetts (which is the town near Boston where I grew up).

pages: 197 words: 35,256

NumPy Cookbook
by Ivan Idris
Published 30 Sep 2012

Far into the distant future or in theory infinite time, the state of our Markov chain system will not change anymore. This is also called a steady state (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state). The stochastic matrix (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_matrix) A, which contains the state transition probabilities, and when applied to the steady state, will yield the same state x. The mathematical notation for this will be as follows: Another way to look at this is as the eigenvector (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors) for eigenvalue 1. How to do it... Now we need to obtain the data. Obtain one year of data.One way we can do this is with Matplotlib (refer to the Installing Matplotlib recipe in Chapter 1, Winding Along with IPython, if necessary).

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The Fibonacci series is a sequence of integers starting with zero, where each number is the sum of the previous two; except, of course, the first two numbers zero and one. For more information, read the Wikipedia article about Fibonacci numbers at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number . This recipe uses a formula based on the golden ratio, which is an irrational number with special properties comparable to pi. It we will use the sqrt, log, arange, astype, and sum functions. How to do it... The first thing to do is calculate the golden ratio (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio), also called the golden section or golden mean. Calculate the golden ratio.We will be using the sqrt function to calculate the square root of five: phi = (1 + numpy.sqrt(5))/2 print "Phi", phi This prints the golden mean: Phi 1.61803398875 Find the index below four million.Next in the recipe, we need to find the index of the Fibonacci number below four million.

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sum Calculates the sum of array elements. See also The Indexing with booleans recipe in Chapter 2, Advanced Indexing and Array Concepts Finding prime factors Prime factors (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_factor) are prime numbers that divide an integer exactly without a remainder. Finding prime factors seems almost impossible to crack. However, using the right algorithm—Fermat's factorization method (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_factorization_method) and NumPy—it becomes very easy. The idea is to factor a number N into two numbers c and d, according to the following equation: We can apply the factorization recursively, until we get the required prime factors.

pages: 304 words: 80,143

The Autonomous Revolution: Reclaiming the Future We’ve Sold to Machines
by William Davidow and Michael Malone
Published 18 Feb 2020

“Neolithic Revolution,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution#Social_change (accessed June 26, 2019). 5. “Plough,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plough#Hoeing (accessed June 26, 2019). 6. “Urbanization,” Ancient History Encyclopedia, http://www.ancient.eu/urbanization/ (June 26, 2019). 7. “Uruk,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruk (accessed June 26, 2019). 8. David Osborn, “The History of Numbers,” Vedic Science, http://vedicsciences.net/articles/history-of-numbers.html (accessed June 26, 2019). 9. “Cuneiform,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform. 10.

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“Leonardo Torres y Quevedo,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Torres_y_Quevedo (accessed June 26, 2019). 7. “R.U.R.,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R. (accessed June 26, 2019). 8. “Turing Test,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test (accessed June 26, 2019). 9. Tanya Lewis, “A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence,” Live Science, December 4, 2014, http://www.livescience.com/49007-history-of-artificial-intelligence.html (accessed June 26, 2019). 10. “Deep Blue,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer) (accessed June 26, 2019). 11.

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Department of Labor, https://www.dol.gov/general/history/100/timeline (accessed on June 28, 2019); and “Health Insurance in the United States,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States (accessed June 26, 2019). 35. “The National Labor Relations Act,” National Labor Relations Board, https://www.nlrb.gov/resources/national-labor-relations-act (accessed June 26, 2019). 36. “Labor Unions in the United States,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States#/media/File:United_States_union_membership_and_inequality,_top_1%25_income_share,_1910_to_2010.png (accessed June 26, 2019). 37. Ibid., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States#/media/File:Union_membership_in_us_1930-2010.png (accessed June 26, 2019). 38.

pages: 323 words: 65,306

Programming in CoffeeScript
by Mark Bates
Published 2 Jun 2012

Notes 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming) 3. http://www.prototypejs.org/ 4. http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone/ 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model–view–controller 6. http://www.adobe.com/ 7. http://www.apple.com/ios/ 8. http://www.coffeescript.org 9. http://www.rubyonrails.org 10. http://www.rubyinside.com/rails-3-1-adopts-coffeescript-jquery-sass-and-controversy-4669.html 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language) 12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language) 13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language) 14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B 15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Php 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Framework 17. http://www.jquery.com 18. https://github.com/madrobby/zepto 19. http://documentcloud.github.com/backbone 20. http://pivotal.github.com/jasmine/ 21. http://ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/html/ref_c_object.html#Object.method_missing 22. http://nodejs.org Part I: Core CoffeeScript In this first half of the book we are going to cover everything you’ve ever wanted to know, and everything you’ll ever need to know, about CoffeeScript.

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We’ve looked at the pros and cons of the ways that CoffeeScript can be compiled and are now armed with the knowledge we need to be able to play with the examples in the rest of this book. Finally, we dug into the coffee command to learn the most important options and parameters we can pass to it. Notes 1. Read-eval-print loop - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-eval-print_loop 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unobtrusive_JavaScript 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Json 5. Touching a file means lots of different things on different operating systems, but usually just saving the file is enough of a “touch” to trigger the -w into doing its magic. 6. https://github.com/guard/guard 7. https://github.com/TrevorBurnham/jitter 8. http://jashkenas.github.com/coffee-script/documentation/docs/command.html 2.

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I’m telling you this because, armed with the knowledge contained within this chapter and Chapter 2, we have covered the basic building blocks of CoffeeScript. We can now start looking at the really fun stuff. Notes 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operator_(programming) 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_(programming) 3. http://www.yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_operation 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement 4. Functions and Arguments In this chapter we are going to look at one of the most essential parts of any language, the function. Functions allow us to encapsulate reusable and discrete code blocks.

pages: 629 words: 142,393

The Future of the Internet: And How to Stop It
by Jonathan Zittrain
Published 27 May 2009

See Ward Cunningham, Wiki Design Principles http://www.c2.com/cgi/wikiiWiki DesignPrinciples (as of Mar. 26, 2007, 12:00 GMT) (explaining that his goals for the first release of Wiki included designing an “organic” system in which “[t]he structure and text content of the site are open to editing and evolution,” in which “[t]he mechanisms of editing and organizing are the same as those of writing so that any writer is automatically an editor and organizer,” and in which “[a]ctivity within the site can be watched and reviewed by any other visitor to the site”). Cunningham also notes that an additional principle was that “[e]verybody can contribute; nobody has to.” Id. 84. See Meyers, supra note 82; Wikipedia, Ward Cunningham, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Ward_Cunningham (as of May 10, 2007, 13:31 GMT); Wikipedia, Wiki, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiWiki (as of May 16, 2007, 23:11 GMT). 85. See Wikipedia, Wiki, supra note 84; Wikipedia, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Wikipedia#History (as of May 16, 2007, 15:44 GMT). 86. For further discussion of commons-based peer production (including an examination of free software and Wikipedia) as an alternate economic modality, see Benkler, supra note 65, at 334—36. 87.

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See Wikipedia, Wikipedia: Counter-Vandalism Unit, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia:Counter-Vandalism_Unit (as of May 30, 2007, at 17:40 GMT); Wikipedia, Wikipedia: Barnstars, http://en.wikipedia.Org/wiki/Wikipedia:Barnstars (as of Sep. 30, 2007, 00:18 GMT) (“The Defender of the Wiki may be awarded to those who have gone above and beyond to prevent Wikipedia from being used for fraudulent purposes. It was created after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, when a fraudulent charity tried to take advantage of the widespread media coverage of the article.”). 44. See, e.g., Wikipedia, User:MartinBot, http://en.wikipedia.Org/wiki/User:MartinBot (as of May 30, 2007, 17:41 GMT). 45.

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Michael Snow, Article Creation Restricted to Logged-in Editors (Dec. 5, 2005), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-05/Page_creationrestrictions. 51. See supra note 19. 52. Wikipedia, Congressional Staffer Edits to Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con gressional_staffer_edits_to_Wikipedia (as of June 1, 2007, 09:00 GMT). 53. Time on Wikipedia Was Wasted, LOWELL SUN, Jan. 28, 2006. 54. See generally JAMES SUROWIECKI, THE WISDOM OF CROWDS (2004). 55. Centiare, Directory: MyWikiBiz, http://www.centiare.eom/Directory:MyWikiBiz (as of June 1, 2007, 09:05 GMT). 56. Id. 57. Wikipedia, User Talk:MyWikiBiz, http://en.wikipedia.Org/wild/User_talk:MyWikiBiz/Archive_1 (as of June 1, 2007, 09:05 GMT). 58.

Succeeding With AI: How to Make AI Work for Your Business
by Veljko Krunic
Published 29 Mar 2020

Wikipedia. [Cited 2017 Mar 12.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller Wikimedia Foundation. History of artificial intelligence. Wikipedia. [Cited 2019 Jun 28.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial _intelligence Nest. Create a connected home. Nest. [Cited 2018 Jul 2.] Available from: https:// www.nest.com/ ecobee. ecobee3. [Cited 2018 Jul 2.] Available from: https://www.ecobee.com/ ecobee3/ Wikimedia Foundation. Autonomous car. Wikipedia. [Cited 2018 Jun 30.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_car&oldid =848201994 ASQ.

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[Cited 2018 Jun 26.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PDCA Wikimedia Foundation. OODA loop. Wikipedia. [Cited 2019 Jun 10.] Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OODA_loop Ullman D. ‘OO-OO-OO!’ The sound of a broken OODA loop. 2007 Apr 1 [cited 2017 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 268415631_OO-OO-OO_The_sound_of_a_broken_OODA_loop Wikimedia Foundation. Cross-industry standard process for data mining. Wikipedia. [Cited 2019 Jul 12]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php ?title=Cross-industry_standard_process_for_data_mining Godfrey-Smith P.

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Know this: Today’s most interesting and important scientific ideas, discoveries, and developments. New York, NY: Harper Perennial; 2017. Wikimedia Foundation. Internet of things. Wikipedia. [Cited 2018 Jul 2]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things Wikimedia Foundation. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. [Cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot Wikimedia Foundation. History of the automobile. [Cited 2019 Jul 15]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile Gulshan V, et al. Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs.

pages: 255 words: 78,207

Web Scraping With Python: Collecting Data From the Modern Web
by Ryan Mitchell
Published 14 Jun 2015

Obviously, you can define as many fields as you’d like (url, content, header image, etc.), but I’m simply collecting the title field from each page, for now. In your newly created articleSpider.py file, write the following: from scrapy.selector import Selector from scrapy import Spider from wikiSpider.items import Article class ArticleSpider(Spider): name="article" allowed_domains = ["en.wikipedia.org"] start_urls = ["http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29"] def parse(self, response): item = Article() title = response.xpath('//h1/text()')[0].extract() print("Title is: "+title) item['title'] = title return item The name of this object (ArticleSpider) is different from the name of the directory (WikiSpider), indicating that this class in particular is responsible for spidering only through article pages, under the broader category of WikiSpider.

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Using modi‐ fied code from Chapter 3, the following script does just that: from urllib.request import urlopen from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import datetime import random import re random.seed(datetime.datetime.now()) def getLinks(articleUrl): html = urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org"+articleUrl) bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html) return bsObj.find("div", {"id":"bodyContent"}).findAll("a", href=re.compile("^(/wiki/)((?!:).)*$")) def getHistoryIPs(pageUrl): #Format of revision history pages is: #http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title_in_URL&action=history pageUrl = pageUrl.replace("/wiki/", "") historyUrl = "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=" +pageUrl+"&action=history" print("history url is: "+historyUrl) html = urlopen(historyUrl) bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html) #finds only the links with class "mw-anonuserlink" which has IP addresses #instead of usernames ipAddresses = bsObj.findAll("a", {"class":"mw-anonuserlink"}) addressList = set() for ipAddress in ipAddresses: addressList.add(ipAddress.get_text()) return addressList links = getLinks("/wiki/Python_(programming_language)") while(len(links) > 0): for link in links: print("-------------------") historyIPs = getHistoryIPs(link.attrs["href"]) for historyIP in historyIPs: print(historyIP) newLink = links[random.randint(0, len(links)-1)].attrs["href"] links = getLinks(newLink) This program uses two main functions: getLinks (which was also used in Chapter 3), and the new getHistoryIPs, which searches for the contents of all links with the 66 | Chapter 4: Using APIs class mw-anonuserlink (indicating an anonymous user with an IP address, rather than a username) and returns it as a set.

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You should already know how to write a Python script that retrieves an arbitrary Wikipedia page and produces a list of links on that page: from urllib.request import urlopen from bs4 import BeautifulSoup html = urlopen("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon") bsObj = BeautifulSoup(html) for link in bsObj.findAll("a"): if 'href' in link.attrs: print(link.attrs['href']) If you look at the list of links produced, you’ll notice that all the articles you’d expect are there: “Apollo 13,” “Philadelphia,” “Primetime Emmy Award,” and so on. However, there are some things that we don’t want as well: //wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us In fact, Wikipedia is full of sidebar, footer, and header links that appear on every page, along with links to the category pages, talk pages, and other pages that do not contain different articles: /wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2014 /wiki/Talk:Kevin_Bacon Recently a friend of mine, while working on a similar Wikipedia-scraping project, mentioned he had written a very large filtering function, with over 100 lines of code, in order to determine whether an internal Wikipedia link was an article page or not.

pages: 589 words: 69,193

Mastering Pandas
by Femi Anthony
Published 21 Jun 2015

The mean, as a calculated value, is often not one of the values observed in the dataset. The main drawback of using the mean is that it is very susceptible to outlier values, or if the dataset is very skewed. For additional information, please refer to these links at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_mean_and_sample_covariance, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_large_numbers, and http://bit.ly/1bv7l4s. The median The median is the data value that divides the set of sorted data values into two halves. It has exactly half of the population to its left and the other half to its right. In the case when the number of values in the dataset is even, the median is the average of the two middle values.

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An example of modeling a Markovian/memoryless random variable is modeling short-term stock price behavior and the idea that it follows a random walk. This leads to what is called the Efficient Market hypothesis in Finance. For more information, refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis. The PDF of the exponential distribution is given by =. The expectation and variance are given by the following expression: For a reference, refer to the link at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution. The plot of the distribution and code is given as follows: In [15]: import scipy.stats clrs = colors.cnames x = np.linspace(0,4, 100) expo = scipy.stats.expon lambda_ = [0.5, 1, 2, 5] plt.figure(figsize=(12,4)) for l,c in zip(lambda_,clrs): plt.plot(x, expo.pdf(x, scale=1.

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A good example in the area of retail would be Target Corporation, which has invested substantially in big data and is now able to identify potential customers by using big data to analyze people's shopping habits online; refer to a related article at http://nyti.ms/19LT8ic. Loosely speaking, big data refers to the phenomenon wherein the amount of data exceeds the capability of the recipients of the data to process it. Here is a Wikipedia entry on big data that sums it up nicely: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data. 4 V's of big data A good way to start thinking about the complexities of big data is along what are called the 4 dimensions, or 4 V's of big data. This model was first introduced as the 3V's by Gartner analyst Doug Laney in 2001. The 3V's stood for Volume, Velocity, and Variety, and the 4th V, Veracity, was added later by IBM.

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Roads and Bridges
by Nadia Eghbal

[34] https://www.cbo.gov/publication/49910 [35] http://thehill.com/policy/transportation/255264-mccarthy-were-going-to-make-sure-we-get-the-highway-bill-done [36] http://www.wsj.com/articles/house-passes-five-year-transportation-bill-1449167609 [37] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Dig [38] http://www.zdnet.com/article/as-dbms-wars-continue-postgresql-shows-most-momentum/ [39] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL [40] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language) [41] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Underground [42] Monthly code commits by language. Commits including multiple languages are counted once for each language. Black Duck’s Open Hub pulls from over 650,000 open source projects.

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Data accessed May 20, 2016. https://www.openhub.net/languages/compare [43] https://story.californiasunday.com/tim-hwang-infrastructure-tourist [44] http://blog.codinghorror.com/the-magpie-developer/ [45] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force [46] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language) [47] https://www.quora.com/How-was-the-idea-to-develop-React-conceived-and-how-many-people-worked-on-developing-it-and-implementing-it-at-Facebook/answer/Bill-Fisher-17 [48] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/React_(JavaScript_library) [49] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_(programming_language) [50] https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/master/PATENTS [51] http://venturebeat.com/2015/06/13/docker-now-valued-at-1b-paid-someone-799-for-its-logo-on-99designs/ [52] http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-14/docker-said-to-join-1-billion-valuation-club-with-new-funding [53] https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/meteor [54] http://info.meteor.com/blog/announcing-meteor-galaxy [55] http://venturebeat.com/2015/12/06/its-actually-open-source-software-thats-eating-the-world/ [56] http://words.steveklabnik.com/is-npm-worth-26mm [57] https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/github [58] http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303292204577517111643094308 [59] https://www.python.org/doc/essays/foreword/ [60] http://blog.codeeval.com/codeevalblog/2015#.VjvKZhNViko= [61] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum [62] http://skillcrush.com/2015/02/02/37-rails-sites/ [63] https://twistedmatrix.com/trac/wiki/SuccessStories [64] https://twistedmatrix.com/glyph/ [65] https://peerj.com/preprints/1233.pdf [66] Email interview with Arash Payan [67] https://medium.com/@shazow/urllib3-stripe-and-open-source-grants-edb9c0e46e82 [68] https://readthedocs.org/sustainability/ [69] https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2015/12/10/mozilla-open-source-support-first-awards-made/ [70] http://blog.readthedocs.com/ads-on-read-the-docs/ [71] Skype interview with Eric Holscher [72] http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2013/the-perils-of-mixing-open-source-and-money.html [73] http://blog.codinghorror.com/is-money-useless-to-open-source-projects/ [74] http://www.datamation.com/open-source/linus-torvalds-and-others-on-community-burnout-1.html [75] http://www.apple.com/customer-letter/ [76] https://www.blackducksoftware.com/future-of-open-source [77] http://redmonk.com/sogrady/2013/12/19/dvcs-and-git-2013/#ixzz2qyfVpSR9 [78] As of January 6, 2016. https://www.openhub.net/repositories/compare [79] http://readwrite.com/2014/01/21/git-subversion-developers [80] https://github.com/blog/841-those-are-some-big-numbers [81] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GitHub [82] https://github.com/blog/1724-10-million-repositories [83] http://dirkriehle.com/publications/2008-2/the-total-growth-of-open-source/ [84] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_Overflow [85] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ [86] http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/271080/the-mit-license-clarity-on-using-code-on-stack-overflow-and-stack-exchange [87] http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/272956/a-new-code-license-the-mit-this-time-with-attribution-required [88] http://www.infoworld.com/article/2615869/open-source-software/github-needs-to-take-open-source-seriously.html [89] http://www.infoworld.com/article/2611422/open-source-software/github-finally-takes-open-source-licenses-seriously.html [90] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/04/18/github_licensing_study/ [91] https://twitter.com/monkchips/status/247584170967175169 [92] http://blog.codinghorror.com/please-dont-learn-to-code/ [93] https://medium.com/@wob/the-sad-state-of-web-development-1603a861d29f#.443lcznv1 [94] https://coderanger.net/funding-foss/ [95] Email interview with Hynek Schlawack [96] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/Security-experts-expect-Shellshock-software-bug-to-be-significant/articleshow/43657819.cms [97] http://www.scmagazineuk.com/openssh-flaw-opens-the-door-to-brute-force-attackers/article/428304/ [98] http://arstechnica.com/security/2016/01/bug-that-can-leak-crypto-keys-just-fixed-in-widely-used-openssh/ [99] https://medium.com/@christophera/i-ve-been-working-to-address-this-gap-for-a-while-thus-my-recent-exploration-of-the-commons-in-my-8094d41a874a#.qyh31ida4 Quote edited for clarity by source

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pages: 277 words: 81,718

Vassal State
by Angus Hanton
Published 25 Mar 2024

Drucker, ‘The rise of the knowledge society’ [PDF], Wilson Quarterly 17/2 (1993), http://archive.wilsonquarterly.com/sites/default/files/articles/WQ_VOL17_SP_1993_Article_02_1.pdf. 33 ‘Hawthorne effect’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect. 34 See, for instance, ‘Lean manufacturing’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_manufacturing; ‘Six Sigma’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma; ‘What are performance metrics?’, Sage [website], http://tinyurl.com/3zfxv9zb. 35 See, for instance, Helen Gray, ‘What is continuous improvement? (And how to include it in your company culture)’, eLearning Industry [website] (19 January 2021), http://tinyurl.com/4vwuht4z; Sarah Laoyan, ‘What is agile methodology?

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Knopf, 1930). 2. Grim and Grimmer: Welcoming the Buyers 1 On the way in which familiarity can overpower rationality, see ‘Illusory truth effect’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_truth_effect. 2 ‘Spring Budget 2023 speech’, Gov.uk [website] (15 March 2023), https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/spring-budget-2023-speech. 3 ‘Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan_Motor_Manufacturing_UK; David Mullen, ‘Nissan issues warning over future of Sunderland car plant’, Sunday Times (7 February 2023), https://www.driving.co.uk/news/business/nissan-issues-warning-over-future-of-sunderland-car-plant/. 4 Macmillan was referring to the Conservatives’ 1980s policy of privatisation under Margaret Thatcher.

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Even those who concentrate on other ways of measuring poverty agree that the UK is on a par with Mississippi. See ‘Is Britain really as poor as Mississippi?’, Financial Times (10 August 2023), https://www.ft.com/content/e5c741a7-befa-4d49-a819-f1b0510a9802. 3 ‘Company town’, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_town. 4 ‘Beaverton, Oregon’, Wikipedia [website], https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaverton,_Oregon. 5 Aoife Morgan, ‘Costco eyes 14 new stores as it ramps up expansion drive’, Retail Gazette [website] (17 August 2023), https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2023/08/costco-store-expansion/. 6 For Costco’s principles, see ‘Our mission / our code of ethics’ [PDF], Costco [website] (March 2010), https://www.costco.com/wcsstore/CostcoUSBCCatalogAssetStore/feature-pages/Attachment/16w0604-sustainability-ethics.pdf.

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The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia
by Andrew Lih
Published 5 Jul 2010

title=The_Death_and_Life_of_Great_American _Cities & oldid=5639 (retrieved June 8, 2007). 36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Rambot/Delete 17:32, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC). 37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots#Restrictions_on _specific_tasks. 38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Seth_Ilys/Dot_Project. 39. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Seth_Ilys/Dot_Project. 40. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules& oldid=54587. 41. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view. 42. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability. 43. Wikipedia has come so far that inclusion implies societal validation of a concept. 44. http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/ 2003-November/008153.html. 45. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_war. Notes_233 46. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Three_revert _rule _enforcement. 47.

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title=Wikipedia:Be_bold& oldid=38947. 30. http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/ 2003-February/001149.html. 31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_new_administrators. 32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Awareness_statistics. 33. http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm. 34. 4,687 editors made more than 100 edits each that month. 35. http://wikisummaries.org/index.php?title=The_Death_and_Life_of_Great_American _Cities & oldid=5639 (retrieved June 8, 2007). 36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Rambot/Delete 17:32, 11 Sep 2003 (UTC). 37. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots#Restrictions_on _specific_tasks. 38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Seth_Ilys/Dot_Project. 39. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Seth_Ilys/Dot_Project. 40. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

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tag=st.next. 75. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Semi-protection_policy#Semi -protection. 76. http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/index.php?id=1909. 77. http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/02/28/wikipedia=oops/. 78. http://en.wikipedia.org / w/ index.php?title =Talk:Imprimatur& diff= prev& oldid= 12614544. 79. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_notice board/Incidents& diff=47360865& oldid=47360559. 80. http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales_asks _Wikipedian_to_resign_ %22his_po sitions_of_trust %22_over_nonexistent_degrees. 81. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-03-05/Essjay.

pages: 322 words: 84,752

Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up
by Philip N. Howard
Published 27 Apr 2015

Rebecca MacKinnon, “Keynote Speech on Surveillance,” in Opening Ceremony of the Freedom Online Conference, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://consentofthenetworked.com/2013/06/17/freedom-online-keynote/. 10. “Aaron Swartz,” Wikipedia, accessed June 29, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Swartz. 11. “Russian Business Network,” Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Business_Network. 12. “Zero-Day Attack,” Wikipedia, accessed June 21, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_attack. 13. “U.S.-Style Personal Data Gathering Is Spreading Worldwide,” Forbes, accessed June 29, 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamtanner/2013/10/16/u-s-style-personal-data-gathering-spreading-worldwide/; Paul Schwartz, Managing Global Privacy (Berkeley: ThePrivacyProjects.org, January 2009), accessed September 30, 2014, http://theprivacyprojects.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/The-Privacy-Projects-Paul-Schwartz-Global-Data-Flows-20093.pdf. 14.

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Internet Census 2012: Port Scanning /0 Using Insecure Embedded Devices, 2012, accessed September 15, 2014, http://internetcensus2012.bitbucket.org/paper.html. 2. Edith Penrose and Christos Pitelis, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009); “Edith Penrose,” Wikipedia, accessed June 23, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Penrose. 3. “Hudson’s Bay Company,” Wikipedia, accessed June 15, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson’s_Bay_Company; “East India Company (English Trading Company),” Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed June 16, 2014, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176643/East-India-Company. 4. “ITU: Committed to Connecting the World,” accessed June 16, 2014, http://www.itu.int/. 5.

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Associated Press, “US Secretly Created ‘Cuban Twitter’ to Stir Unrest and Undermine Government,” Guardian, April 3, 2014, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/03/us-cuban-twitter-zunzuneo-stir-unrest. 35. “Storm Botnet,” Wikipedia, accessed June 30, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_botnet. 36. “Kraken Botnet,” Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraken_botnet. 37. “The Spamhaus Project,” accessed June 20, 2014, http://www.spamhaus.org/. 38. Raphael Satter, “Spamhaus Hit with ‘Largest Publicly Announced DDoS Attack’ Ever, Affecting Internet Users Worldwide,” Huffington Post, March 27, 2013, accessed September 30, 2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/27/spamhaus-cyber-attack_n_2963632.html?

pages: 681 words: 64,159

Numpy Beginner's Guide - Third Edition
by Ivan Idris
Published 23 Jun 2015

To learn about the datetime64 data type, start a Python shell and import NumPy as follows: $ python >>> import numpy as np Create a datetime64 from a string (you can use another date if you like): >>> np.datetime64('2015-04-22') numpy.datetime64('2015-04-22') In the preceding code, we created a datetime64 for April 22, 2015, which happens to be Earth Day. We used the YYYY-MM-DD format, where Y corresponds to the year, M corresponds to the month, and D corresponds to the day of the month. NumPy uses the ISO 8601 standard (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 ). This is an internatonal standard to represent dates and tmes. ISO 8601 allows the YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM, and YYYYMMDD formats. Check for yourself, as follows: >>> np.datetime64('2015-04-22') numpy.datetime64('2015-04-22') >>> np.datetime64('2015-04') numpy.datetime64('2015-04') 2.

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The SMA is, afer all, nothing more than a convoluton with equal weights or, if you like, unweighted. Convoluton is a mathematcal operaton on two functons defned as the integral of the product of the two functons afer one of the functons is reversed and shifed. ( f ∗ g ) ( t ) = ∫ −∞ f ( τ ) g ( t − τ ) d τ = ∫ −∞ f ( t − τ ) g ( τ ) d τ Convoluton is described on Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Convolution . Khan Academy also has a tutorial on convoluton at https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential- equations/laplace-transform/convolution-integral/v/ introduction-to-the-convolution . Use the following steps to compute the SMA: 1. Use the ones() functon to create an array of size N and elements initalized to 1 , and then, divide the array by N to give us the weights: N = 5 weights = np.ones(N) / N print("Weights", weights) For N = 5 , this gives us the following output: Weights [ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2] 2.

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Keeping an open mind, let's assume that we can express a stock price p as a linear combinaton of previous values, that is, a sum of those values multplied by certain coefcients we need to determine: N p t = b + ∑ i= 1 a t − i p t − i In linear algebra terms, this boils down to fnding a least-squares method (see https:// www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/alternate_bases/orthogonal_ projections/v/linear-algebra-least-squares-approximation ). Independently of each other, the astronomers Legendre and Gauss created the least squares method around 1805 (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares ). The method was initally used to analyze the moton of celestal bodies. The algorithm minimizes the sum of the squared residuals (the diference between measured and predicted values): ∑ n ( measured i − predicted i ) 2 i= 1 The recipe goes as follows: 1. First, form a vector b containing N price values: b = c[-N:] b = b[::-1] print("b", x) The result is as follows: b [ 351.99 346.67 352.47 355.76 355.36] 2.

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Robots Will Steal Your Job, But That's OK: How to Survive the Economic Collapse and Be Happy
by Pistono, Federico
Published 14 Oct 2012

Vellalars (also, Velalars, Vellalas) were, originally, an elite caste of Tamil agricultural landlords in Tamil Nadu, Kerala states in India and in neighbouring Sri Lanka; they were the nobility, aristocracy of the ancient Tamil order (Chera/Chola/Pandya/Sangam era) and had close relations with the different royal dynasties. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_peoples http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vellalar named Sessa or Sissa. There exist many different variation of the same story, one set in the Roman Empire involving a brave general and his Cæsar, another with two merchants at the market, all different situations producing the same result. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_and_chessboard_problem 24 Image courtesy of Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wheat_Chessboard_with_line.svg 25 Cramming more components onto integrated circuits, Gordon E.

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http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/chinese-room/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room 28 A ‘facepalm’ is the physical gesture of placing one’s hand flat across one’s face or lowering one’s face into one’s hand or hands. The gesture is found in many cultures as a display of frustration, disappointment, embarrassment, shock, or surprise. It has been popularised as an Internet meme based on an image of the character Captain Jean-Luc Picard performing the gesture in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode “DéjàQ”. http://picardfacepalm.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facepalm 29 Intelligence Without Reason, Rodney A.

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http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm 94 Freedom on the Net 2011 – A Global Assessment of Internet and Digital Media Freedom, 2011. Freedom House. http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-net/freedom-net-2011 95 Internet censorship in the United States. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States 96 PROTECT IP / SOPA Breaks The Internet, Kirby Ferguson, 2012. http://vimeo.com/31100268 97 Stop Online Piracy Act. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act 98 Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement What is ACTA?. Electronic Frontier Foundation. https://www.eff.org/issues/acta 99 Extracts from the Slashdot discussion on SOPA, 2012.

pages: 336 words: 90,749

How to Fix Copyright
by William Patry
Published 3 Jan 2012

Professor Kostylo’s commentary is available at: http://www.copyrighthistory.org/cgi-bin/kleioc/0010/exec/ ausgabeCom/%22i_1545%22. See Early Music Borrowing (Honey Meconi ed. 2004); http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parody_mass. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphrase_mass. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez. K. 180. For further examples and a discussion, see Charles Rosen’s article, “Inﬂuence: Plagiarism and Inspiration,” in 19th Century Music, Issue 2, Autumn 1980, pages 87–100. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashup_%28web_application_ hybrid%29; Matthew Rimmer, Copyright Law and Mash-Ups: A Policy Paper, Australian National University (2010); “Mashing-Up Culture: The Rise of User-Generated Content,” Proceedings from the COUNTER Workshop, Uppsala University, May 13–14, 2009); James Boyle, The Public Domain, Chapter 6 (“I Got a Mashup”) (2008, Yale University Press); Olufunmilayo Arewa, From J.C.

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Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives,106th Congress, 2d Session, page 120 (May 25, 2000). Serial No. 145. Available at: http://commdocs.house.gov/ committees/judiciary/hju65223.000/hju65223_0f.htm. 23. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_system. 24. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States# Golden_Age_of_Hollywood. 25. 334 U.S. 131 (1948). 26. Edward Jay Epstein, The Big Picture: Money and Power in Hollywood 112 (2006, Random House). See also Schuyler Moore, The Biz: The Basic Business, Legal and Financial Aspects of the Film Industry (2007, 3d edition, Silman-James Press). 27. http://thehollywoodeconomist.blogspot.com.

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The Athenians made good on this realpolitik by killing the Melian men, enslaving the Melian women and children, and then repopulating it as an Athenian state. See http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Melian_dialogue, and A.B., Bosworth. “The Humanitarian Aspect of the Melian Dialogue.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 113 (1993): 31, http://www.jstor.org/stable/632396; W. Liebeschuetz. “The Structure and Function of the Melian Dialogue.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 88 (1968): 75, http://www.jstor. org/stable/628672. 47. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melian_dialogue. 48. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8681410. See http://www .michaelgeist.ca/content/view/5563/125/. 49.

Programming Computer Vision with Python
by Jan Erik Solem
Published 26 Jun 2012

A planar scene will have a high inlier count for an affine transformation. Build a panograph (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panography) from a collection (for example from Flickr) by matching local features and using least-squares rigid registration. * * * [8] A convex combination is a linear combination ∑jαjxi (in this case of the triangle points) such that all coefficients αj are non-negative and sum to 1. [9] The edges are actually the dual graph of a Voronoi diagram. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation. [10] Images are courtesy of J. K. Keller (with permission). See http://jk-keller.com/daily-photo/ for more details.

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Morphology is usually applied to binary images but can be used with grayscale also. A binary image is an image in which each pixel takes only two values, usually 0 and 1. Binary images are often the result of thresholding an image, for example with the intention of counting objects or measuring their size. A good summary of morphology and how it works is in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_morphology. Morphological operations are included in the scipy.ndimage module morphology. Counting and measurement functions for binary images are in the scipy.ndimage module measurements. Let’s look at a simple example of how to use them. Consider the binary image in Figure 1-12.[4] Counting the objects in that image can be done using: from scipy.ndimage import measurements,morphology # load image and threshold to make sure it is binary im = array(Image.open('houses.png').convert('L')) im = 1*(im<128) labels, nbr_objects = measurements.label(im) print "Number of objects:", nbr_objects This loads the image and makes sure it is binary by thresholding.

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As you can see, ROF de-noising preserves edges and image structures while at the same time blurring out the “noise.” Exercises Take an image and apply Gaussian blur like in Figure 1-9. Plot the image contours for increasing values of σ. What happens? Can you explain why? Implement an unsharp masking operation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsharp_masking) by blurring an image and then subtracting the blurred version from the original. This gives a sharpening effect to the image. Try this on both color and grayscale images. An alternative image normalization to histogram equalization is a quotient image. A quotient image is obtained by dividing the image with a blurred version I/(I * Gσ).

pages: 227 words: 63,186

An Elegant Puzzle: Systems of Engineering Management
by Will Larson
Published 19 May 2019

_encoding=UTF8andbtkr=1 15. https://lethain.com/guiding-broad-change-with-metrics/ 16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-level_objective 17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OKR 18. https://lethain.com/goals-and-baselines/ 19. https://stripe.com/blog/aws-reserved-instances 20. https://lethain.com/goals-and-baselines/ 21. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A5DCALY/ 22. https://lethain.com/productivity-in-the-age-of-hypergrowth/ 23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_aren%27t_gonna_need_it 24. https://lethain.com/refactoring-programmatically/ 25. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_(software) 26. https://lethain.com/goals-and-baselines/ 27. https://lethain.com/strategies-visions/ 28. https://lethain.com/strategies-visions/ 29. https://lethain.com/roles-over-rocket-ships/ 30. https://lethain.com/partnering-with-your-manager/ 31. https://lethain.com/digg-v4-architecture-process/ 32. https://www.amazon.com/ALL-NEW-Dont-Think-Elephant/dp/160358594X/ 33. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanban 34. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lint_(software) 35. https://lethain.com/selecting-project-leads/ 36. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!

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_encoding=UTF8andbtkr=1 45. https://lethain.com/first-team/ 46. https://lethain.com/hosting-paper-reading-group/ Chapter 4: Approaches 1. https://lethain.com/strategies-visions/ 2. https://www.amazon.com/Phoenix-Project-DevOps-Helping-Business/dp/0988262592 3. https://lethain.com/case-against-top-down-global-optimization/ 4. https://lethain.com/productivity-in-the-age-of-hypergrowth/ 5. https://lethain.com/infrastructure-between-cost-center-and-before-ego-trip/ 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule 7. https://medium.com/@evnowandforever/f-you-i-quit-hiring-is-broken-bb8f3a48d324 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectic#Hegelian_dialectic 9. https://lethain.com/adding-value-as-an-engineering-manager/ 10. https://lethain.com/ways-engineering-managers-get-stuck/ 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Good_Earth 12. https://lethain.com/ways-engineering-managers-get-stuck/ 13. https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Right-Tao-Contemporary-Ching/dp/0982473982 14. https://lethain.com/some-of-my-favorite-technical-papers/ 15. https://lethain.com/good-strategy-bad-strategy/ 16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_analysis Chapter 5: Culture 1. https://lethain.com/selecting-project-leads/ 2. https://lethain.com/selecting-project-leads/ 3. https://lethain.com/hosting-paper-reading-group/ 4. https://www.donut.com/ 5. https://lethain.com/sizing-engineering-teams/ 6. https://www.attack-gecko.net/2018/06/25/building-a-first-team-mindset/ 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooney_Rule 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_and_Bobby_McGee 9. http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/apology.html 10. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberty-positive-negative/ 11. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberty-positive-negative/#ParPosLib 12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_dynamics 13. https://www.amazon.com/Slack-Getting-Burnout-Busywork-Efficiency/dp/0767907698 14. https://a16z.com/2014/02/06/6147/ 15. https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244 16. https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Systems-Donella-H-Meadows/dp/1603580557/ 17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl 18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_series Chapter 6: Careers 1. https://www.wired.com/story/surviving-as-an-old-in-the-tech-world/ 2. https://blog.wealthfront.com/how-long-should-you-stay-at-your-job/ 3. https://www.linkedin.com/in/will-larson-a44b543/ 4. http://randsinrepose.com/archives/wanted/ 5. https://www.comparably.com/blog/best-places-to-work-competition/ 6. https://www.lever.co/ 7. http://www.greenhouse.io/ 8. https://lethain.com/membership-opportunity/ 9. https://lethain.com/membership-opportunity/ 10. https://jvns.ca/blog/2017/12/31/2017--year-in-review/ 11. https://lethain.com/first-team/ 12. https://www.businessinsider.com/stack-ranking-employees-is-a-bad-idea-2013-11 13. https://www.amazon.com/Work-Rules-Insights-Inside-Transform-ebook/dp/B00MEMMVB8 14. https://lethain.com/skew-the-frontend-engineer-s-misery/ 15. https://lethain.com/hiring-funnel/ 16. https://lethain.com/perf-management-system/ 17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_Reliability_Engineering 18. https://lethain.com/running-an-engineering-reorg/ 19. https://lethain.com/career-levels-and-more/ 20. https://lethain.com/perf-management-system/ 21. https://lethain.com/hiring-funnel/ 22. https://www.amazon.com/Cracking-Coding-Interview-Programming-Questions/dp/098478280X 23. https://lethain.com/hiring-funnel/ 24. https://lethain.com/perf-management-system/ 25. https://lethain.com/perf-management-system/ Chapter 7: Appendix 1. https://twitter.com/davinbogan 2. https://lethain.com/hosting-paper-reading-group/ 3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler_Lampson 4. https://12factor.net 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem 6. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Harvest%2C-Yield-and-Scalable-Tolerant-Systems-Fox-Brewer/50158bc1a8a67295ab7bce0550886a9859000dc2 7. https://zipkin.io/ 8. https://opentracing.io/ 9. http://kafka.apache.org/ 10. http://catb.org/jargon/html/S/second-system-effect.html 11. https://www.jwz.org/doc/worse-is-better.html 12. http://mesos.apache.org/ 13. https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/prana-a-sidecar-for-your-netflix-paas-based-applications-and-services-258a5790a015 14. https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd 15. https://www.influxdata.com/ 16. https://zookeeper.apache.org/ 17. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLA%2B 18. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/YubiKey 19. https://www.usenix.org/system/files/login/articles/login_dec14_02_ward.pdf 20. https://parasol.tamu.edu/pivot/ 21. https://ai.google/research/pubs/pub41342 Chapter 7: Appendix; Books I’ve found very useful 1. https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Systems-Donella-H-Meadows/dp/1603580557/ref=sr_1_1?

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The Shifts and the Shocks: What We've Learned--And Have Still to Learn--From the Financial Crisis
by Martin Wolf
Published 24 Nov 2015

The International Monetary Fund’s Global Financial Stability Report for April 2006 stated, baldly and boldly: ‘There is growing recognition that the dispersion of credit risk by banks to a broader and more diverse set of investors, rather than warehousing such risk on their balance sheets, has helped make the banking and overall financial system more resilient.’ See Global Financial Stability Report (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 2006), p. 51. 8. On IKB, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKB_Deutsche_Industriebank, on the eight Norwegian municipalities, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_Securities_scandal, and on Narvik, in particular, which lost $18 million in August 2007, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narvik. 9. Skidelsky, Keynes, p. 8, and Tom Braithwaite and Chris Tighe, ‘Patient Queues in Very British Bank Run’, Financial Times, 14 September 2007. 10. Paul McCulley invented the term ‘Shadow Banking System’ for intermediation via money-market funds, special investment vehicles (SIVs), conduits and hedge funds.

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See Lawrence Summers, ‘Why Stagnation might Prove to be the New Normal’, 15 December 2013, Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/87cb15ea-5d1a-11e3-a558-00144feabdc0.html. On Alvin Hansen, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Hansen. 55. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund#Size_of_SWFs and http://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/. 56. See Kenneth Rogoff, ‘Globalization and Global Deflation’, Paper prepared for the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City conference on ‘Monetary Policy and Uncertainty: Adapting to a Changing Economy’, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, 29 August 2003, https://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2003/082903.htm. 57. See ‘Moore’s Law’, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law. 58. On the forces driving inequality and their consequences, see Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Rising (Paris: OECD, 2011), Joseph Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality: How Today’s Divided Society Endangers our Future (New York and London: Norton, 2012), and Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA, and London, England, 2014). 59.

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Financial Times, 22 August 2013, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6fea2b90-09bf-11e3-ad07-00144feabdc0.html. 3. ‘Declaration on Strengthening the Financial System’, London Summit, 2 April 2009, http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/g20_summit/2009-1/annex2.html. 4. On Basel III, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_III. 5. On Basel I, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_I. 6. On Basel II, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_II. 7. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, ‘Basel III: A Global Regulatory Framework for More Resilient Banks and Banking Systems’, December 2010 (revised June 2011), http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs189.pdf. See also Independent Commission on Banking, Final Report: Recommendations, London, September 2011, p. 84, https://hmt-sanctions.s3.amazonaws.com/ICB20final%20reportICB%2520Final%2520Report%5B1%5D.pdf. 8.

Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project
by Karl Fogel
Published 13 Oct 2005

You may be able to avoid a lot of the headache of choosing and configuring many of these tools by using a canned hosting site: an online service that offers prepackaged, templatized web services with some or all of the collaboration tools needed to run a free software project. See the section called “Canned Hosting” later in this chapter for a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of canned hosting. * * * [26] From his book The Mythical Man Month, 1975. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mythical_Man-Month, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks_Law, and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Brooks. Web Site For our purposes, the web site means web pages devoted to helping people participate in the project as developers, documenters, etc. Note that this is different from the main user-facing web site. In many projects, users have different needs and often (statistically speaking) a different mentality from the developers.

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[51] While some selection bias no doubt informs my experience — after all, the consultant tends to get brought in when things are going wrong, not when they're going right — my assertion that proprietary vendors don't get open source right if left to their own habits is based not just on my own experiences but also on talking to many other people, who report the same finding with remarkable consistency. [52] For a more general discussion of IV&V, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_verification_and_validation. Note that neither of those discusses open source specifically, however Funding Non-Programming Activities Programming is only part of the work that goes on in an open source project. From the point of view of the project's participants, it's the most visible and glamorous part.

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But the packagers are also doing the project a favor, by taking on a mostly unglamorous job in order to make the software more widely available, often by orders of magnitude. It's fine to disagree with packagers, but don't flame them; just try to work things out as best you can. * * * [73] See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minification_%28programming%29. [74] Your all-caps files — README, INSTALL, etc — may of course have ".txt" extensions, or ".md" to indicate Markdown (daringfireball.net/projects/markdown) format, etc. [75] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Corporation_software_rebranded_by_the_Debian_project#Iceweasel gives a well-known example of this. Testing and Releasing Once the source distribution is produced from the stabilized release branch, the public part of the release process begins.

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I Think You'll Find It's a Bit More Complicated Than That
by Ben Goldacre
Published 22 Oct 2014

view=long&pmid=16014596 Kids Who Spot Bullshit, and the Adults Who Get Upset About It Kids Who Spot: http://www.badscience.net/2011/06/kids-who-spot-bullshit-and-the-adults-who-get-upset-about-it/ Ryan Giggs’s penis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Giggs Brain Gym: http://www.badscience.net/2011/06/category/brain-gym/ writing about since 2003: http://www.badscience.net/2011/06/2003/06/work-out-your-mind/ pay hundreds of thousands: http://www.davidcolarusso.com/blog/?p=48 hundreds of state schools: http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%22brain+gym%22+inurl%3Asch.uk Emily Rosa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Rosa published a scientific paper: http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/279/13/1005.full Journal of the American Medical Association: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Association practitioners were deeply unhappy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Rosa Rhys Morgan: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/sep/15/miracle-mineral-solutions-mms-bleach www.crohnsforum.com: http://www.crohnsforum.com/ finding official documents: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm220756.htm The adults banned him: http://thewelshboyo.co.uk/?

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id=646 what statisticians call the ‘specificity’: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_(tests) Benford’s Law: Using Stats to Bust an Entire Nation for Naughtiness Benford’s Law: http://www.badscience.net/2011/09/benfords-law-using-stats-to-bust-an-entire-nation-for-naughtiness/ something called Benford’s Law: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benford%27s_law 61,838,154 in 2009: http://www.google.co.uk/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&met_y=sp_pop_totl&idim=country:GBR&dl=en&hl=en&q=uk+population think about why this happens: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benfords_law testingbenfordslaw.com: http://testingbenfordslaw.com/ Twitter users’ follower counts: http://testingbenfordslaw.com/twitter-users-by-followers-count books in different libraries: http://testingbenfordslaw.com/total-number-of-print-materials-in-us-libraries countries’ economic data: http://econpapers.repec.org/article/blagermec/v_3a10_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a_3ap_3a339-351.htm the results were published: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2011.00542.x/abstract hat-tip to Tim Harford: http://timharford.com/2011/09/look-out-for-no-1/ macroeconomic data: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/esa95_supply_use_input_tables/data/workbooks online repository Eurostat: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/esa95_supply_use_input_tables/introduction run several investigations: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?

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q=coffee+hallucinations+location%3Auk exactly what the researchers did: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.032 survey is still online: http://psychology.dur.ac.uk:82/srj/caffeine2.html ‘Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale’: http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=Launay-Slade+Hallucination+Scale alternative explanations: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding_variable the academic paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.032 the press release: http://www.alphagalileo.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=readrelease&releaseid=535120&ez_search=1 ‘multiple comparisons’: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_comparisons no one was there: http://www.thinkgeek.com/caffeine/accessories/5a65/ draw a target around them: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy Voices of the Ancients Voices of the Ancients: http://www.badscience.net/2010/01/voices-of-the-ancients/ Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1240746/Prehistoric-sat-nav-set-ancestors-Britain.html the Metro: http://www.metro.co.uk/news/807855-did-prehistoric-satnav-help-britons-find-their-way Matt Parker: http://www.standupmaths.com/ applied the same techniques: http://bengoldacre.posterous.com/did-aliens-play-a-role-in-woolworths BIG DATA There’s Something Magical About Watching Patterns Emerge from Data There’s Something Magical: http://www.badscience.net/2011/06/theres-something-magical-about-watching-patterns-emerge-from-data/ British Medical Journal: http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d2983.full first NHS reforms: http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/nhs Give Us the Data A consultation is under way: http://c561635.r35.cf2.rackcdn.com/A-Consultation-on-Data-Policy-for-a-Public-Data-Corporation.pdf foolishly restrictive: http://pdcconsult.ernestmarples.com/ everyday government data: http://www.theguardian.com/politics/government-data forbidden to repurpose it: http://hadleybeeman.net/2011/01/26/uses-for-open-data/ TheyWorkForYou.com: http://www.theyworkforyou.com/ all our postcode information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom the house-number boundaries: http://ernestmarples.com/blog/2010/01/postcode-petition-response-our-reply/ make the government: http://pdcconsult.ernestmarples.com/ Care.data Can Save Lives: But Not If We Bungle It greatest need in the NHS http://www.theguardian.com/society/nhs at risk by the bungled: http://www.nature.com/news/power-to-the-people-1.14505?

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Mastering ElasticSearch
by Rafal Kuc and Marek Rogozinski
Published 14 Aug 2013

The following options are available: the internaldefault comparison algorithm based on optimized implementation of the Damerau Levenshtein similarity algorithm, damerau_levenshtein is the implementation of the Damerau Levenshtein string distance algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damerau–Levenshtein_distance), levenstein which is an implementation of Levenshtein distance (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance), jarowinkler which is an implementation of the Jaro-Winkler distance algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaro-Winkler_distance) and finally the ngram, which is an n-gram based distance algorithm. Note Because we've used the terms suggester during the initial examples, we decided to skip showing how to query the terms suggester and how the response would look like in this place.

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Communicating with ElasticSearch We talked about how ElasticSearch is built, but after all, the most important part for us is how to feed it with data and how to build your queries. In order to do that ElasticSearch exposes a sophisticated API. The primary API is REST based (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer) and is easy to integrate with practically any system that can send HTTP requests. ElasticSearch assumes that data is sent in the URL, or as the request body as JSON document (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON). If you use Java or language based on JVM, you should look at Java API, which in addition to everything that is offered by the REST API has built-in cluster discovery.

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Let's not discuss it and let's just jump into the practical formula, which is implemented by Apache Lucene and is actually used. Note The information about Boolean model and Vector Space Model of Information Retrieval are far beyond the scope of this book. If you would like to read more about it, start with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Boolean_model and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_Space_Model. The Lucene practical formula Now let's look at the practical formula Apache Lucene uses: As you may be able to see, the score factor for the document is a function of query q and document d. There are two factors that are not dependent directly on query terms, the coord and queryNorm.

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Jenkins Continuous Integration Cookbook
by Alan Berg
Published 15 Mar 2012

Click on the Restore icon. A select box restore backup form will be shown with the dates of the backups. Select the backup just created. Click on the Restore button. To guarantee the consistency, restart the Jenkins server. How it works... The backup scheduler uses the cron notation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron). 1 0 * * 7 means every seventh day of the week at 00:01 AM. 1 1 * * * implies that differential backup occurs once per day at 1.01 A.M. Every seventh day, the previous differentials are deleted. Differential backups contain only files that have been modified since the last full backup.

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The inputted parameters are variations of scripting commands such as<script>alert("random string");</script>. An attack vector is found if the server's response includes the unescaped version of the script. Cross Site Scripting attacks are currently one of the more popular forms of attack (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting). The attack involves injecting script fragments into the client's browser so that the script runs as if it comes from a trusted website. For example, once you have logged in to an application, it is probable that your session ID is stored in a cookie. The injected script might read the value in the cookie and then send the information to another server ready for an attempt at reuse.

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The Mask Passwords plugin removes the password from the screen or the console, replacing each character of the password with the letter "x", thus avoiding accidental reading. You should also always keep this plugin turned on, unless you find undocumented side effects or need to debug a Job. Cross Site Request Forgery (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) occurs, for example, if you accidentally visit a third-party location. A script at that location then tries to make your browser perform an action (such as delete a Job) by making your web browser visit a known URL within Jenkins. Jenkins, thinking that the browser is doing your bidding, then complies with the request.

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Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations
by Norman Davies
Published 30 Sep 2009

III 125. www.spain-flag.eu/region-spain-flags/aragon.htm (2008). 126. Armand de Fluvià i Escorsa, Els quatre pals: l’escut dels comtes de Barcelona (Barcelona, 1994). 127. See J. Llobera, The Role of Historical Memory in (Ethno)Nation-Building (London, 1996). 128. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/els_segadors (2011). 129. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/himno_de_aragon (2011). 130. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/himno_de_la_comunidad_valenciana (2011). 131. ‘The Anthem of Majorca’, http://www.consellmallorca.net/?&id_parent=272&id_section=1855&id_son=749& (2011). 132. ‘Hymne á la Catalogne’, http:www.oasisdesartistes.com/modules/newbbex/viewtopic.php?

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Claire Wrathall, ‘A Star Reborn’, Financial Times (4–5 June 2011); http://www.amanresorts.com. 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/podgorica (2008). 7. http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/cetinje (2008). 8. BBC News, 14 November 2002; Steve Hanke, ‘Inflation Nation’, Wall Street Journal (24 May 2006). 9. http://media.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008 (2008); Russia weighed in at 147th, and Belarus at 151st. Denmark is top, Somalia bottom. 10. ‘Controversy over Montenegrin ethnic identity’, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/montenegrins. 11. ‘Montenegro’s Referendum’, www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?=4144 (2006). 12.

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See, for example, Henri Drouot, Histoire de Bourgogne (Paris, 1927), or Jean Richard, Histoire de Bourgogne (Paris, 1957). There is no standard study of the imperial Kingdom of Burgundy in English, and no broad survey of Burgundian history as a whole. I 1. See www.brk.dk; also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bornholm (2007). 2. See www.cimber.com (2010), www.airliners.net/aviation-forums/general_aviation/4474449 (2010). 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki.bornholmsk_dialect (2011); J. D. Prince, ‘The Danish Dialect of Bornholm’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 63/2 (1924), pp. 190–207. 4. ‘Bornholmsk Folkemusik’, http://www.myspace.com/habbadam (2010). 5.

Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe
by Norman Davies
Published 27 Sep 2011

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Red November: Inside the Secret U.S.-Soviet Submarine War
by W. Craig Reed
Published 3 May 2010

Moore, Potomac Books, 2004, provided a reference for submarine designations and capabilities Running Critical: The Silent War, Rickover, and General Dynamics, Patrick Tyler, Harper & Row Publishers, 1986 The Submarine: A History, Thomas Parrish, Penguin Books, 2004 Power Shift: The Transition to Nuclear Power in the U.S. Submarine Force as Told by Those Who Did It, Dan Gillcrist, iUniverse, 2006 WEBSITES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cubera_(SS-347) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Underwater_Propulsion_Power_Program http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Grider http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Seawolf_(SSN-575) http://www.iwojima.com/ CHAPTER 2 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS Donald Ross, Ph.D., former DEMON sonar project lead in San Diego, provided excellent information regarding SOSUS capabilities and development of submarine sonar systems.

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Goodman, Prince ton University Press, 1989 The Soviet Union and the Arms Race, David Holloway, Yale University Press, 1984 WEBSITES http://www.lostsubs.com/E_Cold.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Thresher_(SSN-593) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Preserver_(ARS-8) http://usnavyphotos.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/ars-8-usspreserver1res cue-85x11.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Military-Communications/US-Navy-worldwide-HF-DF-system-AN-FRD-10-or-Bullseye-United-States.html http://www.jproc.ca/rrp/masset.html http://www.onpedia.com/encyclopedia/Wullenweber http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wullenweber http://coldwar-c4i.net/CDAA/history.html http://www.r-390a.net/faq-systems.htm http://groups.msn.com/ctoseadogs/wullenwebers1.msnw http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/an-flr-9.htm http://www.eham.net/forums/Elmers/201472 http://www.espionageinfo.com/Pr-Re/Radio-Direction-Finding-Equipment.html CHAPTER 12 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS Frank Turban, former communications technician “T-Brancher” chief and spook, provided keen insights into missions conducted by the USS Swordfish around the time of K-129’s demise.

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Chapters 11 and 15 detail interesting information about the use of HFDF Huff Duffs during World Wars I and II. WEBSITES http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Pacific/RDF/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(SSBN-598) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris http://rusnavy.com/science/electronics/rv6.htm http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/sosus.htm http://russianfun.net/technology/secret-soviet-submarine-base-in-sevastopol/ http://www.angelfire.com/falcon/usspillsbury-der_133/elequip.html http://www.jproc.ca/sari/counter.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_frequency http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland CHAPTER 4 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS William Reed, LT, USN, Retired.

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The Eureka Factor
by John Kounios
Published 14 Apr 2015

A Matter of Interpretation 1 For background about Gestalt psychology and its origins, see Wikipedia, s.v. “Gestalt psychology,” last modified July 6, 2014, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology/. A summary of early Gestalt research on insight can be found in R. E. Mayer, “The Search for Insight: Grappling with Gestalt Psychology’s Unanswered Questions,” in The Nature of Insight, ed. R. J. Sternberg and J. E. Davidson (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), pp. 3–32. 2 Information about the Wright brothers’ propeller design can be found here at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers#cite_note-47. Insight Is Creative 1 For a recent discussion of definitions of insight, see J.

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CHAPTER 3: THE BOX * * * 1 The origin of the phrase “Columbus’s egg” is discussed in Wikipedia, s.v. “Egg of Columbus,” last modified May 14, 2014, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Egg. The story may be apocryphal, or the egg trick may have been performed by the Italian architect Filippo Brunelleschi. 2 Figure 3.1 (Columbus standing an egg on its end) was taken from J. Trusler, The Works of William Hogarth: In a Series of Engravings with Descriptions, and a Comment on Their Moral Tendency (London: Jones, 1833), en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Columbus_egg.jpg. Figure 3.2 (Christopher Columbus’s Egg Puzzle) can be found in S. Loyd, Cyclopedia of Puzzles: en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Creativity_-_An_Overview/Thinking_outside_the_box#mediaviewer/File:Eggpuzzle.jpg. 3 An early classic study of the Nine-Dot Problem is described in N.

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Thoughts from the Fringe 1 The quote from William Rowan Hamilton’s letter to his son is adapted from en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton. Information about Hamilton can be found at Wikipedia, s.v. “William Rowan Hamilton,” last modified July 28, 2014, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton. A relatively accessible explanation of Hamilton’s idea is given at plus.maths.org/content/curious-quaternions. The picture of the plaque commemorating Hamilton’s discovery is found at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Rowan_Hamilton_Plaque_-_geograph.org.uk_-_347941.jpg. The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon is another example of thought from the fringe. It sometimes occurs while you’re trying to remember something, usually a word.

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Keeping Up With the Quants: Your Guide to Understanding and Using Analytics
by Thomas H. Davenport and Jinho Kim
Published 10 Jun 2013

Daryl Morey, “Success Comes from Better Data, Not Better Analysis,” blog post, Harvard Business Review, August 8, 2011, http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/08/ success_comes_from_better_data.html. 11. “Tycho Brahe,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_Brahe; Michael Fowler, “Tycho Brahe,” http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/1995/ lectures/tychob.html; Arthur Koestler, The Watershed: A Biography of Johannes Kepler (Doubleday, 1960); “Johannes Kepler,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Johannes_Kepler; “Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion,” http://csep10 .phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/kepler.html; Michael Fowler, “Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler,” http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/tycho.htm; Michael Fowler, “Johannes Kepler,” http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/ 1995/lectures/kepler.html; “Johannes Kepler,” Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/315225/Johannes-Kepler; Ann Lamont, “Johannes Kepler: Outstanding Scientist and Committed Christian,” 1:1, http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v15/i1/kepler.asp, December 1, 1992. 12.

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id=2092&doc_id=246428. 4. I. Bernard Cohen, The Triumph of Numbers: How Counting Shaped Modern Life (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), chapter 9; “Florence Nightingale,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Nightingale; P. Nuttall, “The Passionate Statistician,” Nursing Times 28 (1983): 25–27. 5. Gregor Mendel, “Experiments in Plant Hybridization,” http://www.mendelweb.org/; “Gregor Mendel,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel; Seung Yon Rhee, Gregor Mendel, Access Excellence, http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.php; “Mendel’s Genetics,” anthro.palomar.edu/mendel/mendel_1.htm; David Paterson, “Gregor Mendel,” www .zephyrus.co.uk/gregormendel.html; “Rocky Road: Gregor Mendel,” Strange Science, www.strangescience.net/mendel.htm; Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig, “Johann Gregor Mendel: Why His Discoveries Were Ignored for 35 Years,” www.weloennig .de/mendel02.htm; “Gregor Mendel and the Scientific Milieu of His Discovery,” www.2iceshs.cyfronet.pl/2ICESHS_Proceedings/Chapter_10/R-2_Sekerak.pdf; “Mendelian Inheritance,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_ inheritance. 6.

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Schmidt, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Experience Sampling Method: Measuring the Quality of Everyday Life (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2007). 7. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Reed Larson, Being Adolescent: Conflict and Growth in the Teenage Years (New York: Basic Books, 1984). 8. “Archimedes,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes; “Eureka,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka; Rohini Chowdhury, “‘Eureka!’: The Story of Archimedes and the Golden Crown,” Long, Long Time Ago, http://www.longlongtimeago.com/llta_greatdiscoveries_archimedes_eureka.html; John Monahan, “Archimedes Coins ‘Eureka!’ in the Nude—and Other Crazy Ah-Ha Moments of Science,” Scientific American, December 7, 2010, http://www .scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?

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Peers Inc: How People and Platforms Are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism
by Robin Chase
Published 14 May 2015

“Owning and Operating Your Vehicle Just Got a Little Cheaper According to AAA’s 2014 ‘Your Driving Costs’ Study,” AAA NewsRoom, May 9, 2014, http://newsroom.aaa.com/2014/05/owning-and-operating-your-vehicle-just-got-a-little-cheaper-aaas-2014-your-driving-costs-study. 2. “AT&T Corporation,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Corporation. 3. Ibid. 4. “Skype,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype. 5. Craig Newmark, “What Was the True Genesis of Craigslist?,” Quora.com, January 22, 2012. 6. “About Craigslist,” www.craigslist.org/about/open_source”AT&T Corporation. 7. “iPhone Unlocked: AT&T Loses iPhone Exclusivity, August 24, 2007, 12:00PM EDT,” Engadget, August 24, 2007, www.engadget.com/2007/08/24/iphone-unlocked-atandt-loses-iphone-exclusivity-august-24-2007. 8.

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“Improving the Civilian Global Positioning System (GPS),” speech by President Bill Clinton, May 1, 2000, http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_4.html. 4. “Global Positioning System,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System. 5. Barbara van Schewick, “Network Neutrality and Quality of Service: What a Non-Discrimination Rule Should Look Like,” Center for Internet and Society, June 11, 2012. 6. “Minitel,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minitel. 7. Jack Clark, “NHS Tears Out Its Oracle Spine in Favour of Open Source,” TheRegister.com, October 10, 2013, www.theregister.co.uk/2013/10/10/nhs_drops_oracle_for_riak. 8.

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8 Reasons Why the ‘Sharing Economy’ Is All About Corporate Greed,” Salon.com, February 17, 2014. 10. Lisa Fleisher, “Thousands of European Cab Drivers Protest Uber, Taxi Apps,” Wall Street Journal, June 11, 2014. 11. Megan McArdle, “Why You Can’t Get a Taxi,” The Atlantic, May 2012. 12. “Taxicab,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab. 13. “Taxicabs of the United Kingdom,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabs_of_the_United_Kingdom#cite_note-The_Knowledge-3. 14. Jeff Bercovici, “Uber’s Ratings Terrorize Drivers and Trick Riders. Why Not Fix Them?” Forbes.com, August 14, 2014. 15. Andy Kessler, “Brian Chesky: The ‘Sharing Economy’ and Its Enemies,” Wall Street Journal, January 17, 2014. 16.

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Manage Partitions With GParted (How-To)
by Unknown
Published 30 Nov 2012

IBM PC DOS was a rebranded version of Microsoft MS DOS. For more information on disk partitioning, the msdos partition table—also known as Master Boot Record (MBR), the GUID partition table, PC/BIOS, and EFI, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensible_Firmware_Interface Copying a partition (Become an expert) Copying a partition can be a complex and long running operation. As there are implications to copying a partition, we discuss these along with the steps to copy a partition.

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Note that RAIDs that use msdos partition tables do not require this repair step because there is only one copy of the msdos partition table, which is located at the start of the disk device. Reference information For more information on RAIDand the GUID partition table, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table. Rescuing data from a lost partition (Become an expert) If you delete or otherwise lose a partition and realize that you need some data from the partition, there is still some hope. This recipe describes the steps to attempt data rescue from a lost or deleted partition.

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Nobody's Fool: Why We Get Taken in and What We Can Do About It
by Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris
Published 10 Jul 2023

Colapinto, “Is the Competitive Bridge World Rife with Cheaters?,” Vanity Fair, February 29, 2016 [https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2016/02/competitive-bridge-cheating-scandal]; “Fantoni and Nunes Cheating Scandal,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantoni_and_Nunes_cheating_scandal]; “Cheating in Bridge,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheating_in_bridge]; “Fisher and Schwartz Cheating Scandal,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_and_Schwartz_cheating_scandal]. If these cheating pairs of players wanted to be extra sneaky, they could occasionally use their tell when they both knew it was meaningless, effectively masking the tell when it was an illegal signal. 23.

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In addition to becoming a Twitter meme, it has been discussed in several recent popular science books, including Jordan Ellenberg’s excellent book about statistical thinking, How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking (New York: Penguin, 2014). The details of the Wald story, along with the iconic plane image, are described well in the Wikipedia article “Abraham Wald” [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Wald]; details about Black Thursday can also be found at “Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress]. 10. Dave Rubin’s tweet, November 12, 2021 [https://twitter.com/RubinReport/status/1459163836905234437]. 11. M. Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000).

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This type of noise (in the judicial system) should be measured and mitigated. See D. Kahneman, O. Sibony, and C. Sunstein, Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment (New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2020). 16. Leicester City data from “Performance Record of Clubs in the Premier League,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_record_of_clubs_in_the_Premier_League] and “Leicester City F.C.,” Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C.#Premier_League_champions_(2015%E2%80%9316)]. 17. Report of JPMorgan Chase & Co. Management Task Force Regarding 2012 CIO Losses, January 16, 2013, 128–129 [https://ypfs.som.yale.edu/node/2821]; A. Ahmed, “The Hunch, the Pounce and the Kill,” New York Times, May 27, 2012 [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/27/business/how-boaz-weinstein-and-hedge-funds-outsmarted-jpmorgan.html]; E.

Reactive Messaging Patterns With the Actor Model: Applications and Integration in Scala and Akka
by Vaughn Vernon
Published 16 Aug 2015

[ScalaTest] www.scalatest.org/ [SIS] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_information_system [Split-Brain] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-brain_(computing) [SRP] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle [Suereth] Suereth, Joshua. Scala in Depth. Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publications, 2012. [Tilkov-CDM] https://www.innoq.com/en/blog/thoughts-on-a-canonical-data-model/ [Transistor Count] http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_count [Transistor] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_transistor [Triode] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triode [Typesafe] http://typesafe.com [Vogels-AsyncArch] www.webperformancematters.com/journal/2007/8/21/asynchronous-architectures-4.html [Vogels-Scalability] www.allthingsdistributed.com/2006/03/a_word_on_scalability.html [Westheide] www.parleys.com/play/53a7d2c6e4b0543940d9e54d [WhitePages] http://downloads.typesafe.com/website/casestudies/Whitepages-Final.pdf?

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[Google-Architecture] http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html [Google-Owies] http://aphyr.com/posts/288-the-network-is-reliable [Google-Platform] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_platform [Gossip Protocol] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gossip_protocol [Herb Sutter] www.gotw.ca/publications/concurrency-ddj.htm [Hewitt-ActorComp] http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1008/1008.1459.pdf [Horstmann] www.horstmann.com/scala/index.htm [IBM-History] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_7090 [IBM-zEC12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_zEC12_(microprocessor) [IDDD] Vernon, Vaughn. Implementing Domain-Driven Design. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2013.

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You can use Dotsero to try the book’s samples in your familiar C# language. Bibliography [2,400-Node Cluster] http://typesafe.com/blog/running-a-2400-akka-nodes-cluster-on-google-compute-engine [ACM-Amazon] http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1142065 [Actor Model] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model [Actor-Endowment] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-capability_model [Actors-Controversy] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model#Unbounded_nondeterminism_controversy [Actors-Nondeterministic] http://pchiusano.blogspot.com/2013/09/actors-are-overly-nondeterminstic.html [Agha, Gul] Agha, Gul. Actors: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems.

The Non-Tinfoil Guide to EMFs
by Nicolas Pineault
Published 6 Dec 2017

If physicists and engineers are so convinced that non-ionizing radiation has no effect whatsoever on the human body, it must be because there is simply no evidence this could be the case, right? What’s puzzling to me is that thousands of “black-swan” studies show the opposite — that non-ionizing radiation does have biological effects at levels way too low to cause any heat. 69 70 en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org © 2017 N&G Media Inc. Let’s hear from Martin Blank’s wisdom again: “In 1948, two groups of researchers, working independently, both noted nonthermal effects resulting from EM radiation exposure. Scientists at the Mayo Clinic noted the incidence of cataracts in dogs following exposure to microwave radiation, and researchers at the University of Iowa noted that exposure to microwaves resulted in cataracts in rabbits and dogs, and ‘testicular degradation’ in rats.”71 This is one of the thousands of studies showing that the 4 kinds of EMFs I told you about in Chapter 1 — Radio Frequency, Magnetic Fields, Electric Fields and Dirty Electricity — can either heal or harm even at very, very low levels.

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On the opposite end, you find very short waves with a very high frequency like X-rays and gamma rays which contain enough energy to destroy your DNA or pretty much instantly damage your body — and that you definitely don’t want to mess with. Here’s a quick mind-bender for you: the frequency of an EMF signal equals how many times it oscillates every second — calculated in Hertz (Hz). While the Earth’s natural magnetic field is known to be around 7.83 Hz, the 4G/LTE signal coming off your iPhone can oscillate up to 2.7 2 en.wikipedia. org © 2017 N&G Media Inc. billion times per second (2.7 GHz). Now that’s fast. Now, we’re still at the dinner conversation level here — because none of what I’ve said so far means that EMFs are dangerous per se. After all, EMFs are basically everywhere in nature. Believe it or not, light is a kind of EMF, and the sun emits light in the visible spectrum (think of the entire rainbow), invisible UV light (helps you produce vitamin D or burns your skin if you get too much) and invisible infrared light (heat).

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A compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL), for example, saves energy by going ON and OFF at least 20,000 times per second.11 While interrupting current this way can help us dim lights or save energy, this also corrupts the electricity, or as Dr. Sam Milham — an epidemiologist who has published dozens of research papers on the subject in the world’s most prestigious journals for the last 50 years — puts it, “creates Dirty Electricity”. 10 11 en.wikipedia.org Milham, S., MD. (2012). Dirty Electricity: Electrification and the Diseases of Civilization. iUniverse © 2017 N&G Media Inc. 12 Instead of staying within the usual 50-60 Hz range, Dirty Electricity is a bum who likes to emit a lot of EMFs in what are called the intermediate frequencies — ranging from 300 Hz to 10 MHz.12 What this all means in plain English: when the electricity in your home or workplace is dirty, it constantly irradiates these spikes of intermediate frequency Electric Fields which can have serious health effects according to Miller — especially those between 2 kHz and 100 kHz in the Radio Frequency (RF) range. 13 12 See Magda Havas’ video “Dirty Electricity Explained” at youtube.com/watch?

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Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems
by Betsy Beyer , Chris Jones , Jennifer Petoff and Niall Richard Murphy
Published 15 Apr 2016

Achieve this goal, and you can sleep on the beach on that well-deserved vacation. 1 Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID. SQL databases such as MySQL and PostgreSQL strive to achieve these properties. 2 Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eventual_consistency. BASE systems, like Bigtable and Megastore, are often also described as “NoSQL.” 3 For further reading on ACID and BASE APIs, see [Gol14] and [Bai13]. 4 Binary Large Object; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_large_object. 5 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_(computing). 6 Clay tablets are the oldest known examples of writing.

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In essence, Google has adapted known reliability principles that were in many cases developed and honed in other industries to create its own unique reliability culture, one that addresses a complicated equation that balances scale, complexity, and velocity with high reliability. 1 E911 (Enhanced 911): Emergency response line in the US that leverages location data. 2 Electrocardiogram readings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography. 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_integrity_level 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_and_preventive_action 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competent_authority 6 http://ehstoday.com/safety/nsc-2013-oneill-exemplifies-safety-leadership. 7 See “FACTS, Section B” for the discussion of Knight and Power Peg software in [Sec13]. 8 “Regulators blame computer algorithm for stock market ‘flash crash’,” Computerworld, http://www.computerworld.com/article/2516076/financial-it/regulators-blame-computer-algorithm-for-stock-market—flash-crash-.html.

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Adopting a systematic approach to troubleshooting—as opposed to relying on luck or experience—can help bound your services’ time to recovery, leading to a better experience for your users. 1 Indeed, using only first principles and troubleshooting skills is often an effective way to learn how a system works; see Chapter 28. 2 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetico-deductive_model. 3 For instance, exported variables as described in Chapter 10. 4 Attributed to Theodore Woodward, of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, in the 1940s. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_(medicine). This works in some domains, but in some systems, entire classes of failures may be eliminable: for instance, using a well-designed cluster filesystem means that a latency problem is unlikely to be due to a single dead disk. 5 Occam’s Razor; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%27s_razor. But remember that it may still be the case that there are multiple problems; in particular, it may be more likely that a system has a number of common low-grade problems that, taken together, explain all the symptoms rather than a single rare problem that causes them all.

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Stop Saving Start Investing: Ten Simple Rules for Effectively Investing in Funds
by Jonathan Hobbs
Published 5 Apr 2017

[online] Available at: http://www.numbersleuth.org/worlds-gold/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/investment/docs/legal_texts/framework/091221-methodilogies-1_en.pdf [Accessed 21 Jan. 2017]. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). FTSE SmallCap Index. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTSE_SmallCap_Index [Accessed 7 Dec. 2016]. Ftse.com. (2017). FactSheet. [online] Available at: http://www.ftse.com/Analytics/FactSheets/Home/FactSheet/Regions/MCAP/1/ASIA/1 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2017]. Ftse.com. (2017). UK. [online] Available at: http://www.ftse.com/products/indices/uk [Accessed 1 Feb. 2017].

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The Active Equity Renaissance: Rejecting a Broken 1970s Model. [online] CFA Institute Enterprising Investor. Available at: https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2017/03/14/the-active-equity-renaissance-rejecting-a-broken-1970s-model/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). FTSE All-World index series. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTSE_All-World_index_series [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Hanke, Steve H. and Kwok, Alex. (June 14, 2009). On the Measurement of Zimbabwe's Hyperinflation Cato Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2009. [online] Available: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2264895 [accessed 15 Dec, 2016].

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For the next rule, we’ll look at diversification, and why it’s something that no investment portfolio should ever to go without… * * * 19 FTSE stands for ‘Financial Times Stock Exchange.’ 20 Source: http://www.ftse.com/products/indices/uk 21 Schroder UK dynamic smaller companies (Z) accumulation fund research & insight, 2017. Source: http://www.hl.co.uk/funds/fund-discounts,-prices--and--factsheets/search-results/s/schroder-uk-dynamic-smaller-companies-z-accumulation/research 22 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTSE_SmallCap_Index 23 Stewart Investors Asia Pacific Leaders (class B) accumulation fund research & insight, 2017. Source: http://www.hl.co.uk/funds/fund-discounts,-prices--and--factsheets/search-results/s/stewart-investors-asia-pacific-leaders-class-b-accumulation/research 24 Source: http://www.ftse.com/Analytics/FactSheets/Home/FactSheet/Regions/MCAP/1/ASIA/1 25 (Marlborough UK micro-cap growth (class P) accumulation fund research & insight, 2017. http://www.hl.co.uk/funds/fund-discounts,-prices--and--factsheets/search-results/m/marlborough-uk-micro-cap-growth-class-p-accumulation/research Chapter summary Some fund managers are the best at what they do.

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Clean Agile: Back to Basics
by Robert C. Martin
Published 13 Oct 2019

Each week, each day, each hour, and even each minute is driven by looking at the results of the previous week, day, hour, and minute, and then making the appropriate adjustments. This applies to individual programmers, and it also applies to the management of the entire team. Without data, the project cannot be managed.19 19. This is strongly related to John Boyd’s OODA loop, summarized here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop. Boyd, J. R. 1987. A Discourse on Winning and Losing. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Library, Document No. M-U 43947. So even if you don’t get those two charts on the wall, make sure you get the data in front of managers. Make sure the managers know how fast the team is moving and how much the team has left to accomplish.

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So let’s try to add staff. Everyone knows we can go twice as fast by doubling the staff. Actually, this is exactly the opposite of the case. Brooks’ law22 states: Adding manpower to a late project makes it later. 22. Brooks, Jr., F. P. 1995 [1975]. The Mythical Man-Month. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooks%27s_law. What really happens is more like the diagram in Figure 1.7. The team is working along at a certain productivity. Then new staff is added. Productivity plummets for a few weeks as the new people suck the life out of the old people. Then, hopefully, the new people start to get smart enough to actually contribute.

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It may be that the developer does not feel confident in their ability to complete the task, or it may be that the developer believes the task better suited for someone else. Or, it may be that the developer rejects the tasks for personal or moral reasons.6 6. Consider the developers at Volkswagen who “accepted” the tasks of cheating the EPA test rigs in California. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal. In any case, the right to accept comes with a cost. Acceptance implies responsibility. The accepting developer becomes responsible for the quality and execution of the task, for continually updating the estimate so that the schedule can be managed, for communicating status to the whole team, and for asking for help when help is needed.

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The Business Blockchain: Promise, Practice, and Application of the Next Internet Technology
by William Mougayar
Published 25 Apr 2016

A term popularized in Clayton Christensen’s book (The Innovator’s Dilemma) suggesting that successful companies can put too much emphasis on customers’ current needs, and fail to adopt new technology or business models, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Innovator%27s_Dilemma. List of U.S. executive branch czars, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._executive_branch_czars. 2. Source: Author’s sample survey of market leaders, April 2016. 3. Java, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29. 4. IDC Study, http://www.infoq.com/news/2014/01/IDC-software-developers. 5. These are popular programming languages. 6. https://cryptoconsortium.org/ 4 BLOCKCHAIN IN FINANCIAL SERVICES “The worst place to develop a new business model is from within your existing business model.”

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Leslie Lamport, Robert Shostak, and Marshall Pease, The Byzantine Generals Problem. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/lamport/pubs/byz.pdf. 6. IT Does not Matter, https://hbr.org/2003/05/it-doesnt-matter. 7. PayPal website, https://www.paypal.com/webapps/mpp/about. 8. Personal communication with Vitalik Buterin, February 2016. 9. Byzantine fault tolerance, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_fault_tolerance. 10. Proof-of-stake, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof-of-stake. 2 HOW BLOCKCHAIN TRUST INFILTRATES “I cannot understand why people are frightened of new ideas. I’m frightened of the old ones.” –JOHN CAGE REACHING CONSENSUS is at the heart of a blockchain’s operations. But the blockchain does it in a decentralized way that breaks the old paradigm of centralized consensus, when one central database used to rule transaction validity.

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Companies will need to decide what implementation approaches to choose, based on their own competencies and choice of external partnerships. You should not just see the Blockchain as a problem-solving technology. Rather, it is a technology that lets you innovate and target new opportunities. NOTES 1. Ira Magaziner, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Magaziner. 2. “List of U.S. executive branch czars,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._executive_branch_czars. 3. MaidSafe, http://maidsafe.net/. 7 DECENTRALIZATION AS THE WAY FORWARD “All things are difficult before they’re easy.” –THOMAS FULLER A DECENTRALIZED TECHNOLOGY (the blockchain) will telegraph a decentralized world.

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Build Awesome Command-Line Applications in Ruby: Control Your Computer, Simplify Your Life
by David B. Copeland
Published 6 Apr 2012

The system itself will be actually executing your application, and future developers may need to integrate your command-line apps into larger systems of automation (similar to how our database backup script integrates mysqldump). In the next chapter, we’ll talk about how to make your apps interoperate with the system and with other applications. Footnotes [19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment [20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nroff [21] http://defunkt.io/gem-man/ [22] http://rtomayko.github.com/ronn/ [23] The Wikipedia entry for the UNIX man system (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_page#Manual_sections) has a good overview of the other sections if you are interested. [24] http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ [25] http://rtomayko.github.com/ronn/ronn-format.7.html [26] Savvy users can alias man to be gem man -s, which tells gem-man to use the system manual for any command it doesn’t know, thus providing one unified interface to the system manual and the manual of installed Ruby command-line apps.

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In the next chapter, we’ll learn how to make our applications configurable in an easy way that will allow users to customize the default behavior of our apps, all without sacrificing ease of use, helpfulness, or interoperability. Footnotes [33] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rc_file [34] http://www.multicians.org/shell.html [35] http://cukes.info [36] http://www.rspec.info [37] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON [38] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletypewriter Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 6 Make Configuration Easy In the previous chapter, we learned how the design decisions we make provide direction to our users about how to use our apps.

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In the appendix that follows, we’ll take a quick tour of some other popular command-line libraries and show you how our running examples, db_backup and todo, might look using tools like Thor, Main, and Trollop. Footnotes [48] http://betterthangrep.com/ [49] http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew [50] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness [51] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code [52] http://github.com/sickill/rainbow [53] http://flori.github.com/term-ansicolor/ Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Appendix 1 Common Command-Line Gems and Libraries To keep things simple, we’ve used only a handful of tools to demonstrate the principles presented in this book.

pages: 237 words: 64,411

Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
by Jerry Kaplan
Published 3 Aug 2015

Amazon Web Services (AWS), accessed November 25, 2014, http://aws.amazon.com. 8. W. B. Yeats, “The Second Coming,” 1919, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Coming_(poem). 3. ROBOTIC PICKPOCKETS 1. At least, that’s the way I remember it. Dave may have a different recollection, especially in light of the fact that Raiders wasn’t released until 1981. 2. David Elliot Shaw, “Evolution of the NON-VON Supercomputer,” Columbia University Computer Science Technical Reports, 1983, http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11591. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce, last modified December 31, 2014. 4. James Aley, “Wall Street’s King Quant David Shaw’s Secret Formulas Pile Up Money: Now He Wants a Piece of the Net,” Fortune, February 5, 1996 http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/02/05/207353/index.htm. 5.

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These figures are almost identical to present-day Mozambique (http://feedthefuture.gov/sites/default/files/country/strategies/files/ftf_factsheet_mozambique_oct2012.pdf, accessed November 29, 2014) and Uganda (http://www.farmafrica.org/us/uganda/uganda, accessed November 29, 2014). Income data is from the World DataBank, “GNI per Capita, PPP (Current International $)” table, accessed November 29, 2014, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx#. 4. For example, Robert Reich (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Reich, last modified December 31, 2014); Paul Krugman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krugman, last modified December 12, 2014); and the recent influential book by Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-first Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap, 2014). 5. This analogy relies primarily on income data from the U.S. Census (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/families/index.html, last modified September 16, 2014). 6.

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Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (New York: Norton, 2014). 1. TEACHING COMPUTERS TO FISH 1. J. McCarthy, M. L. Minsky, N. Rochester, and C. E. Shannon, A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, 1955, http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Rochester_(computer_scientist), last modified March 15, 2014. 3. Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council, Funding a Revolution (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999), 201. 4.

pages: 502 words: 128,126

Rule Britannia: Brexit and the End of Empire
by Danny Dorling and Sally Tomlinson
Published 15 Jan 2019

For gluttons there are more here: http://www.economistjokes.com/jokes and here: https://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/the_first_law_of_economists_for_every_economist_there_exists_an_equal_and_o/ 29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barclays#1690_to_1900 30 BBC (2008) ‘What is a City trading job like?’, BBC News, 24 January, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7207543.stm 31 Staff Reporter (2009) ‘Darling “blocked Barclays bid to take over failing Lehman”’, London Evening Standard, 29 October, https://www.standard.co.uk/business/darling-blocked-barclays-bid-to-take-over-failing-lehman-6753348.html 32 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolsack and in turn from here: http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/architecture/palace-s-interiors/lords-chamber/ 33 EU (2018) The Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive, Brussels: European Union, https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/company-tax/anti-tax-avoidance-package/anti-tax-avoidance-directive_en 34 Zielonka, J. (2017) ‘British leaders have lost the plot’, Zeit Online, 14 November, http://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2017-11/great-britain-government-brexit-paradise-papers-sexism-english 35 See the Campaign Against the Arms Trade: https://www.caat.org.uk 36 Norton-Taylor, R. (2010) ‘BAE tops global list of largest arms manufacturer’, The Guardian, 11 April, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/apr/12/bae-systems-weapons-arms-manufacturers 37 Stone, J. (2016) ‘Britain is now the second biggest arms dealer in the world’, The Independent, 5 September, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/britain-is-now-the-second-biggest-arms-dealer-in-the-world-a7225351.html 38 Borger, J. (2017) ‘US nuclear plans will lead to arms race’, The Guardian, 30 October, https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-guardian/20171030/281865823728587 39 Leroux, M. (2017) ‘1,000 jobs at risk as BAE’s fast jet runs out of orders’, The Times, 10 October, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/1-000-jobs-at-risk-as-bae-gives-up-on-order-for-jets-77kb70g99 40 Evans, R. (2017) ‘UK trade department draws half its secondees from arms industry’, The Guardian, 8 October, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/08/uk-trade-department-draws-half-its-secondees-from-arms-industry 41 Arias Sánchez, Ó. (2009) ‘The global arms trade’, Harvard International Review, 4 January, http://hir.harvard.edu/article/?

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, BBC News, 13 October, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37274201 28 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_2014_(United_Kingdom). In 2009, 27.5 per cent Conservatives were in the ECR group, UKIP got 16.0 per cent, BNP 6.0 per cent, English Democrat 1.8 per cent. In 2004, the Conservatives were in EPP-ED, UKIP got 15.6 per cent, BNP 4.8 per cent. In 1999, UKIP got 6.5 per cent, BNP 1 per cent. In 1994, UKIP got 1.0 per cent, National Front 0.1 per cent. In 1989, the National Front won less than 0.1 per cent. The first page in the series is: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_1979_(United_Kingdom) 29 Currently the best, most comprehensive and most easy to access data can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_2014_(United_Kingdom).

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The first page in the series is: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_1979_(United_Kingdom) 29 Currently the best, most comprehensive and most easy to access data can be found here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_2014_(United_Kingdom). See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_1979_(United_Kingdom) 30 At the time of Corbyn’s comments, the EU was failing to respond fairly to the refugee crisis or to Greece’s financial crisis, neither of which were entirely of Greece’s own making. How could an honourable man unreservedly extol the virtues of the EU? 31 KPMG (2017) ‘The Brexit Effect on EU Nationals: A survey on what European workers will do now’, Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/uk/pdf/2017/08/the-brexit-effect-on-eu-nationals.pdf 32 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories 33 Shaw, M., Orford, S., Brimblecombe, N. and Dorling, D. (2000) ‘Widening inequality in mortality between 160 regions of 15 countries of the European Union’, Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 30, pp. 1047–58, http://www.dannydorling.org/?

pages: 215 words: 56,215

The Second Intelligent Species: How Humans Will Become as Irrelevant as Cockroaches
by Marshall Brain
Published 6 Apr 2015

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id=28 [53] http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03wpf59 [54] http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03wpf59 [55] http://www.reddit.com/r/manna [56] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Permanent_Fund [57] http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/04/11/3425609/walmart-prices-food-stamps/ [58] http://marshallbrain.com/manna1.htm [59] http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/evil [60] http://chimpanzeefacts.net/are-chimpanzees-endangered.html [67] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone#Nature_reserve [68] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_uploading [69] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population_density [70] http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36769422/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/hawking-aliens-may-pose-risks-earth/#.T2YyfBEge5I [71] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation [72] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superluminal_communication [73] http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CES0000000001 Manna - Two Visions of Humanity's Future The book "Manna - Two Views of Humanity's Future" is a novella originally published on MarshallBrain.com in 2003. It is a fictional work that contains two different predictions for how the world might look after robots and automation have taken over all of the jobs that humans perform today. For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manna_(novel) http://www.amazon.com/Manna-Two-Visions-Humanitys-Future-ebook/dp/B007HQH67U http://marshallbrain.com/manna1.htm http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7902912-manna http://www.reddit.com/r/Manna Manna - Chapter 1 Depending on how you want to think about it, it was funny or inevitable or symbolic that the robotic takeover did not start at MIT, NASA, Microsoft or Ford.

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Robots give humanity an amazing opportunity over the next several decades. We should make the most of it for every person on the planet. References [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons [2] https://wiki.rit.edu/display/smfl/Rubylith [3] http://gizmodo.com/a-humans-guide-to-googles-many-robots-1509799897# [4] http://braininitiative.nih.gov/ [5] https://www.humanbrainproject.eu/ [6] http://www.computershopper.com/components/reviews/intel-core-i7-4790k [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i7_microprocessors [8] http://www.naplestech.com/shopcart/intel_i7_processors.asp#gsc.tab=0 [9] http://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-launches-tegra-x1-mobile-super-chip [10] http://www.engadget.com/2015/03/27/toshiba-intel-3d-nand-chips [11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?

pages: 384 words: 93,754

Green Swans: The Coming Boom in Regenerative Capitalism
by John Elkington
Published 6 Apr 2020

New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2019. 5.https://jembendell.com/about/ 6.Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson, “Capitalism Keeps CEOs Awake at Night,” Financial Times, April 23, 2019. 7.Ray Dalio, “As most of you know, I’m a capitalist, and even I think capitalism is broken,” @RayDalio, April 7, 2019, 1:26 p.m., https://twitter.com/raydalio/status/1114987900201066496. 8.Irwin Stelzer, “Save Capitalism from Capitalists,” The Sunday Times, April 21, 2019. 9.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism 10.https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/28/death-homo-economicus-peter-fleming-review 11.http://theageofconsequences.com 12.Taleb, The Black Swan. 13.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_swan_theory 14.Stephen Gibbs, “Economy Shrinks by Half under Maduro,” The Times, May 30, 2019. 15.John Summers, Black Swan Events, Institute of Risk Management NW seminar, January 26, 2012.

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Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962. See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions. 5.Lori Silverman, Wake Me Up When The Data Is Over. San Fransisco: Jossey Bass, 2008. See also: https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/Wake+Me+Up+When+the+Data+Is+Over:+How+Organizations+Use+Stories+to+Drive+Results-p-9780470483305. 6.Our world in data, https://ourworldindata.org/internet. 7.Roberto Calasso, The Unnamable Present. London: Allen Lane, 2019. 8.Rachel Carson, Silent Spring. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1962. See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Spring. 9.Theo Leggett, “What Went Wrong Inside Boeing’s Cockpit?

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See also: https://www.greenbiz.com/article/can-sustainable-companies-get-lower-cost-capital. 37.https://www.wbcsd.org/Overview/About-us/Vision2050 38.Julian Hill-Landolt, personal communication, June 17, 2019. 39.I had first read his writing in New Scientist in 1975 when I was also writing for the magazine. 40.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture_detector 41.Based on the sort of timings laid out in The Human Planet. 42.James Lovelock, Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence. London: Penguin Random House, 2019. See also: https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/313/313880/novacene/9780241399361.html. 43.Tom Knowles, “AI solves Rubik’s Cube Quicker Than You Can Click Your Fingers,” The Times, July 18, 2019. 44.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_Earth_Catalog 45.https://reviverestore.org 46.https://reviverestore.org/horseshoe-crab/ 47.Ryan Phelan, personal communication, July 31, 2019. 48.https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/synthetic-crab-blood-is-good-for-the-birds/ 49.https://reviverestore.org/projects/woolly-mammoth/ 50.John Thornhill, “The Return of the Luddites,” Financial Times, July 13-14, 2019. 51.John Elkington, “Saving the Planet from Ecological Disaster Is a $12 Trillion Opportunity,” Harvard Business Review, May 4, 2017.

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Attention Factory: The Story of TikTok and China's ByteDance
by Matthew Brennan
Published 9 Oct 2020

v=ibjbxRBMI30&feature=youtu.be&t=175 Mindie is like Vine with a pop music soundtrack 2013-10-17 https://thenextweb.com/apps/2013/10/17/mindie-like-vine-pop-music-soundtrack/ eBaoTech Official Website https://www.ebaotech.com/ CRCM Ventures Official Website https://crcmventures.com/crcm/ Ice Bucket Challenge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Bucket_Challenge Harlem Shake (meme) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Shake_(meme) 2016首次世界网红大会深度探讨干货全在这里了！ 2016-09-20 https://kknews.cc/media/vg4may.html Musical.ly’s Alex Zhu on Igniting Viral Growth and Building a User Community 2016-11-10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTyg2E44pBA&feature=youtu.be&t=111 iCamp Official Website http://www.icamp.ai/portfolio HOW TO USE DUBSMASH?!!! 2015-04-06 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDDHkz18c-k&feature=youtu.be&t=85 Baby Ariel Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Ariel Numa Numa https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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(examples include: Bit.ly, Feedly, Strikingly, and Grammarly) No one seemed bothered that technically .ly is the internet country-code domain for the African nation of Libya. 136 http://tech.163.com/14/1118/19/ABBTTNOK00094ODU.html 137 https://supchina.com/2017/09/13/can-pop-music-connect-teens-china-world-musical-ly-co-founder-louis-yang-wants-find/ 138 https://36kr.com/p/5041108 139 http://www.icamp.ai/ 140 Many of these accounts can still be found on TikTok by searching “temporality” 141 The term meme was coined by Richard Dawkins in the 1976 book “The Selfish Gene” to explain how ideas replicate, mutate and evolve (memetics). 142 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlem_Shake_(meme) 143 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Bucket_Challenge 144 https://kknews.cc/media/vg4may.html 145 Heavy reliance on “operations” is one of the Chinese internet’s defining characteristics with Alibaba being the most famous example of a heavily operations-driven organization. Cheaper labor is only part of the reason for the popularity and effectiveness of operations in China.

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t=503 Image Credit: Tushar Chandra, Principal Engineer at Google Research and a co-lead for the Sibyl project 78 https://www.bilibili.com/video/av49873394/ 79 https://www.tmtpost.com/84589.html 80 The theory presented over the next few pages expands upon and contextualizes the broad observations first presented by Yiming. 81 Years are chosen not by the first instance of usage, but when the method came of age—a choice which is admittedly open to debate in many cases. 82 Subscription as a form of payment did facilitate the rise of large internet companies such as Netflix and Spotify. 83 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StumbleUpon 84 http://www.cs.umd.edu/~samir/498/Amazon-Recommendations.pdf 85 http://economy.gmw.cn/2018-03/23/content_28080924.htm 86 https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/the-end-of-google-reader-sends-internet-into-an-uproar/ 87 https://tech.qq.com/a/20130314/000123.htm 88 https://www.wired.com/2013/06/why-google-reader-got-the-ax/ 89 https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/facebook-to-change-news-feed-to-a-personalized-newspaper/2013/03/07/b294f61e-8751-11e2-98a3-b3db6b9ac586_story.html 90 This stance has since softened considerably.

pages: 315 words: 85,791

Technical Blogging: Turn Your Expertise Into a Remarkable Online Presence
by Antonio Cangiano
Published 15 Mar 2012

Turning the page will lead you into the fourth part of the book, which is devoted to reaping the benefits of your work as a blogger. This is the fun part, where you’ll learn how to maximize your reward as well as experience the satisfaction of having your content be widely read and appreciated. Footnotes [76] http://lesswrong.com [77] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man [78] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_hominem [79] http://xkcd.com/386 [80] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin's_law Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Part 4 Benefit from It Chapter 10 Making Money from Your Blog For I can raise no money by vile means. William Shakespeare This section of the book is where you learn strategies to reap the benefits of your blogging activities.

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[126] http://youtube.com [127] http://geni.com or http://goodreads.com, respectively. [128] http://govloop.com or http://channeldb2.com, respectively. [129] http://foursquare.com [130] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites [131] http://facebook.com/bookmarks/pages [132] http://linkedin.com/companies [133] http://twitter.com/acangiano [134] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_currency [135] http://google.com/webmasters/+1/button, http://twitter.com/about/resources, and http://developers.facebook.com/docs/plugins, respectively. [136] http://tweetdeck.com [137] http://hootsuite.com [138] http://socialoomph.com [139] http://bufferapp.com [140] For a real life example of how this can backfire, check out the “Ragu Hates Dads” disaster at http://cc-chapman.com/2011/ragu-hates-dads

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Note that DNS propagation can take several hours, so if you want to work with your domain name right away, you can edit your local hosts file to have the domain name point to the right IP locally. This change enables you to use your domain name instead of the IP as you configure your self-hosted blog even before the DNS records have become visible to the world. On *nix systems this is usually located at /etc/hosts. For Windows, consult the Wikipedia page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file). In your hosts file, you should include a line that looks like this: 174.122.8.30 yoursitename.com Replace the fictitious IP and domain name with your real ones. If you don’t know the IP of your server, you should check the emails your hosting company sent you when you registered with them, because it’s usually located there.

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The Economic Singularity: Artificial Intelligence and the Death of Capitalism
by Calum Chace
Published 17 Jul 2016

The physicist and science fiction author Vernor Vinge argued in 1993 that artificial intelligence and other technologies would cause a singularity in human affairs within 30 years. This idea was picked up and popularised by the inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil, who believes that computers will overtake humans in general intelligence in 1929, and a singularity will arrive in 2045. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity [v] The event horizon of a black hole is the point beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer, or in other words, the point of no return. The gravitational pull has become so great as to make escape impossible, even for light. [vi] http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/universal-basic-income/?

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Employment in agriculture declined in absolute terms as well, from 11.7m in 1900 to 6.0m in 1960. http://www.nber.org/chapters/c1567.pdf [xii] www.ons.gov.cuk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/170-years-of-industry/170-years-of-industrial-changeponent.html [xiii] http://www.americanequestrian.com/pdf/us-equine-demographics.pdf [xiv] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation#cite_note-7 [xv] M. A. Laughton, D. J. Warne (ed), Electrical Engineer's Reference book [xvi] http://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/did-you-know-gas-pump-shut-off-valve-was-invented/article_c7a00da2-b3eb-54e1-9c8d-ee36483a7e33.html [xvii] Radio frequency Identification tags.

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[xviii] http://www.businessinsider.com/three-chinese-restaurants-fired-their-robot-workers-2016-4 [xix] https://www.illinoispolicy.org/mcdonalds-counters-fight-for-15-with-automation/ [xx] http://www.eater.com/2016/5/5/11597270/kfc-robots-china-shanghai [xxi] http://www.ehow.com/about_4678910_robots-car-manufacturing.html [xxii] http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/ [xxiii] http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/02/05/382664837/map-the-most-common-job-in-every-state [xxiv] http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/politics/g5/ [xxv] http://jetpress.org/v24/campa2.htm [xxvi] Ricardo originally thought that innovation benefited everyone, but he was persuaded by Malthus that it could suppress wages and cause long-term unemployment. He added a chapter called “On Machinery” to the final edition of his book “On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation”. [xxvii] http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/aug/17/technology-created-more-jobs-than-destroyed-140-years-data-census [xxviii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowley%27s_law [xxix] http://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/Department-of-Economics-Discussion-Paper-Series/engel-s-pause-a-pessimist-s-guide-to-the-british-industrial-revolution [xxx] http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8659.html [xxxi] This depends on the two planets being pretty much as close as they ever get.

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Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception
by George A. Akerlof , Robert J. Shiller and Stanley B Resor Professor Of Economics Robert J Shiller
Published 21 Sep 2015

utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter. Senator Harry Reid is famous as chair of the Nevada Gambling Commission for his stand against Mafia influence. The movie Casino is said to be based on Reid’s stance against Frank Rosenthal (see “Harry Reid,” Wikipedia, accessed December 1, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Reid). 5. Natasha Dow Schüll, Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012). 6. Ibid., pp. 24–25. 7. These include a gas station/convenience store and a supermarket where she sometimes gambles, and then, most significantly, the Palace Station casino. 8.

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We are not referring, except in rare instances, to transactions that are illegal. The Wikipedia entry “Ripoff” describes this as one usage of the term: “a bad financial transaction. Usually it refers to an incident in which a person is overcharged for something.” Accessed November 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripoff. 21. According to Sheharyar Bokhari, Walter Torous, and William Wheaton, the loan-to-value ratios in the United States in the late 1990s and early 2000s, before the housing boom, were less than 80 percent for only 40 percent of home purchases with mortgages purchased by Fannie Mae.

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Frank and Ben Bernanke also refer to this image in Principles of Macroeconomics (New York: McGraw Hill, 2003). 4. See Cinnabon, Inc., “The Cinnabon Story,” accessed October 31, 2014, http://www.cinnabon.com/about-us.aspx. 5. Ibid. 6. “Cinnabon,” Wikipedia, accessed October 22, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnabon. 7. Email from Stefano DellaVigna to George Akerlof, October 25, 2014. 8. International Health, Racquet, and Sportsclub Association, “Industry Research,” accessed October 22, 2014, http://www.ihrsa.org/industry-research/. 9. Stefano DellaVigna and Ulrike Malmendier, “Paying Not to Go to the Gym,” American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (June 2006): 694–719.

ucd-csi-2011-02
by Unknown
Published 1 Mar 2011

It is clear from an examination of the edit history of these pages that they have not received much attention from Wikipedia contributors. 1 Fatally Flawed: Refuting the Recent Study on Encyclopedic Accuracy by the Journal Nature, http: //corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf 2 See Wikipedia articles at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_ articles. 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Version_1.0_Editorial_Team/ Assessment 1 In this paper we present some preliminary work exploring the hypothesis that the effectiveness of the collaboration in Wikipedia is revealed to some extent in the edit graph – the two-mode graph of articles and contributors to those articles.

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When using GraphGrep for network motif counting care must be taken to handle graph automorphisms. For instance, GraphGrep returns six when both the target and query graphs are simple triangles. To correct for this, each count is divided by the number of automorphisms of the query graphs. 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sociologists http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_League 5 http://github.com/ChrisSalij/PageAnalyzer Footballers Sociologists Chelsea Everton West Ham Utd. French British German American Italian 18th Century Nodes 161 160 203 370 374 308 1,092 82 480 Pages 33 30 45 74 62 55 235 11 83 Users 128 130 158 296 312 253 857 71 397 Edges 941 959 1,330 1,275 734 1,009 3,393 130 1,710 Table 1: The nine Wikipedia datasets. 3 AP-Edges 682 625 786 1,133 720 897 3,242 126 1,598 PP-Edges 259 334 544 142 14 112 151 4 112 Chelsea West Ham United Everton American British Born in 18 century Italian French German Italian French British Born.in.18.century American Everton West.Ham.United Chelsea German Figure 1: A clustering of the nine network motif profiles based on correlation. 3.2 Normalization of Network Motif Profiles The number of network motif instances in a graph depends on the size and the density of the graphs.

Realtime Web Apps: HTML5 WebSocket, Pusher, and the Web’s Next Big Thing
by Jason Lengstorf and Phil Leggetter
Published 20 Feb 2013

There’s much less focus on pages reloading and the concept of a page in general. Content also becomes much less text-based, and we start to achieve much more visually appealing and interactive representations of data within a web application. 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution http://scobleizer.com/2009/02/09/is-the-real-time-web-a-threat-to-google-search/ 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_content#Content_is_king 2 4 Chapter 1 ■ What Is Realtime? HTTP Hacks As more of us (we developers are the pioneers) started to build web applications, the demands on the web browser increased. Performance became a problem; not just the web browser application but also the machines that the browsers were running on.

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If you tried to open a second page the connections would fail. The workaround for this was to have lots of subdomains that mapped back to the same server. Connection restrictions are still enforced in modern browsers, but the number of connections allowed is now much more reasonable.10 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-origin_resource_sharing 9 http://caniuse.com/#search=cors 10 www.browserscope.org/?category=network 8 8 Chapter 1 ■ What Is realtIme? a NOte ON the terMINOLOGY there are a number of different terms that have been used to describe the http-based realtime web solutions. most of these are umbrella terms that encompass the various methods developers use to achieve a server to client communication over http. these terms include Comet, http server push, and aJaX push, among a slew of others. the problem is that although some of these terms have very specific definitions and techniques—especially Comet—they tend to hold different meanings for different people. the position held in this book is that Comet is a term used to define a paradigm within an application structure: namely that of simulating bidirectional communication between the server and the client using two http connections.

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Polling After AJAX took hold, it was a short jump to try and take the browser event out of the equation and to automate the process of getting new information. Developers set up a refresh interval using something like the JavaScript setInterval() function to check for updates every n seconds. 4 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest/ 5 5 Chapter 1 ■ What Is Realtime? “Yep.” “Anything new?” “Nope.” “Anything new?” “Nope.” “Anything new?” “Nope.” “Anything new?” “Nope.” “Anything new?” “Nope.” “Anything new?” “Anything new?” “Nope.” Server Client 0s Time 10s Figure 1-2.

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Shorting the Grid: The Hidden Fragility of Our Electric Grid
by Meredith. Angwin
Published 18 Oct 2020

In conclusion, at least 2,400,000 more metric tons of carbon dioxide were emitted each year on the New England grid because Vermont Yankee closed. 202 “Single-cycle combustion turbine,” Wikipedia, updated February 24, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_cycle_combustion_turbine. 203 “Combined-cycle power plant,” Wikipedia, updated November 22, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_cycle_power_plant#Efficiency_of_CCGT_plants. 204 Meredith Angwin, “The Future of Nuclear in RTO Areas,” Yes Vermont Yankee, November 21, 2016, https://yesvy.blogspot.com/2016/11/the-future-of-nuclear-in-rto-areas.html#.XdWpoafMxTZ. 205 Jacob Mays, David Morton, and Richard P.

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In 2017, electricity consumption was 3,913 million MWh, population 327 million, for a usage of 12.0 MWh/person. An 0.8 MWh/person reduction in electricity usage is about 6%. 264 Bakke, The Grid, 154. 265 Both plants are described in the Wikipedia articles “Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station” and “Palisades Nuclear Generating Station,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim_Nuclear_Power_Station and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisades_Nuclear_Generating_Station. 266 “Entergy Sells Natural Gas-Fired Power Plant in Rhode Island,” Power Engineering (website), December 18, 2015, https://www.power-eng.com/2015/12/18/entergy-sells-natural-gas-fired-power-plant-in-rhode-island/. 267 Charles E.

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Angwin, Yes Vermont Yankee, http://yesvy.blogspot.com/. 6 The newspaper article was based on the ISO-NE press release “Final Capacity Auction Results: Surplus Resources Available for 2013–2014,” Business Wire, August 30, 2010. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100830006350/en/Final-Capacity-Auction-Results-Surplus-Resources-2013–2014. 7 This graphic is updated every few minutes. This snapshot was taken from the home page of the ISO-New England website at 2:45 pm on April 23, 2016. https://www.iso-ne.com. 8 Basic review of the Otter Tail case in “Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States,” Wikipedia, updated May 7, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter_Tail_Power_Co._v._United_States. 9 For discussion see: Lincoln L. Davies, Alexandra B. Klass, Hari M. Osofsky, Joseph B. Tomain, and Elizabeth J. Wilson, Energy Law and Policy, 2nd ed., Academic Casebook Series, (West Academic Publishing 2018), 143-9. 10 Figure taken from the web page “Confronting the Duck Curve: How to Address Over-Generation of Solar Energy,” Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Department of Energy, https://www.energy.gov/eere/articles/confronting-duck-curve-how-address-over-generation-solar-energy. 11 Andrew Stein, “Grid Operator tells Shumlin state knows why wind energy cutoff is required.”

Scala in Action
by Nilanjan Raychaudhuri
Published 27 Mar 2012

Scala supports all these qualities and uses a pure object-oriented model similar to that of Smalltalk[4] (a pure object-oriented language created by Alan Kay around 1980), where every value is an object, and every operation is a message send. Here’s a simple expression: 4 “Smalltalk,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk. 1 + 2 In Scala this expression is interpreted as 1.+(2) by the Scala compiler. That means you’re invoking a + operation on an integer object (in this case, 1) by passing 2 as a parameter. Scala treats operator names like ordinary identifiers. An identifier in Scala is either a sequence of letters and digits starting with a letter or a sequence of operator characters.

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It’s not analogous to a Java thread; it’s more like an event object that gets scheduled and executed by a thread. The Scala Actor model is a better way to handle concurrency issues. Its shared-nothing architecture and asynchronous message-passing techniques make it an easy alternative to existing thread-based solutions. 9 “Actor model,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_model. History of the Actor model The Actor model was first proposed by Carl Hewitt in 1973 in his paper “A Universal Modular ACTOR Formalism for Artificial Intelligence” and was later on improved by Gul Agha (“ACTORS: A Model of Concurrent Computation in Distributed Systems”).

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A singleton object allows you to restrict the instantiation of a class to one object.[5] Implementing a singleton pattern in Scala is as simple as the following: 4 “Cutting out Static,” Gilad Bracha blog, Room 101, Feb. 17, 2008, http://gbracha.blogspot.com/2008/02/cutting-out-static.html. 5 “Singleton pattern,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern. object RichConsole { def p(x: Any) = println(x) } Here RichConsole is a singleton object. The object declaration is similar to a class declaration except instead of class you’re using the object keyword. To invoke the new p method, you have to prefix it with the class name, as you’d invoke static methods in Java or C#: scala> :l RichConsole.scala Loading RichConsole.scala... defined module RichConsole scala> RichConsole.p("rich console") rich console You can import and use all the members of the RichConsole object as follows: scala> import RichConsole._ import RichConsole._ scala> p("this is cool") this is cool The DB object introduced in listing 3.2 is nothing but a factory to create DB instances representing a database in MongoDB: object DB { def apply(underlying: MongDB) = new DB(underlying) } What’s interesting here is that when you use a DB object as a factory, you’re calling it as if it’s a function, DB(underlying.getDB(name)), whereas you’d expect something like DB.apply(underlying.getDB(name)).

pages: 312 words: 93,504

Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia
by Dariusz Jemielniak
Published 13 May 2014

Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/ index.php?title=Gda%C5%84sk&oldid=333254700 Gdańsk: Difference between revisions. (2002a, June 28). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gda%C5%84s k&diff=prev&oldid=107671 Gdańsk: Difference between revisions. (2002b, June 29). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gda%C5%84s k&diff=next&oldid=107930 Gdańsk: Difference between revisions. (2004, February 10). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gda%C5%84sk &diff=2355452&oldid=2355317 Gdańsk: Difference between revisions. (2012, June 26).

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Notes PROLOGUE 1. I purposefully avoid providing citations to these discussions to protect the subjects. 2. For ease of reference, all citations to the English Wikipedia are presented in a shortened format. For example, [[WP:Size_comparisons]] can be found at https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Size_comparisons (or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikipedia:Size_comparisons, because “WP” is a shortcut to “Wikipedia”). Double square brackets are characteristic of the markup code of wiki technology, often used by people to collaborate in creating and modifying content on the web. They allow easy visual differentiation of this type of citation.

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Ostrom’s principles related to smaller communities, and it can be assumed that Wikipedia is a pioneer in addressing many of the social organization problems of scale and that not all principles of open-collaboration communities may be fully applicable to it. C h a p t er 5 1. Essjay’s original talk page no longer exists, but this post has been archived at http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/essjay.html. 2. This post is archived at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Ess jay&oldid=112480415#Slashdot. 3. This post is archived at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_ talk:Essjay&oldid=112480415. No t e s t o C h a p t er 6 2 3 3 C h a p t er 6 1. For a useful taxonomy of contributions to Wikimedia projects, see “Research:Contribution Taxonomy Project,” 2012. 2. I wrote these words two days after I was appointed one of seven members of the FDC, and I was later elected chair.

pages: 157 words: 35,874

Building Web Applications With Flask
by Italo Maia
Published 25 Jun 2015

The data normalization techniques are a set of rules used to allow proper scattering of the data across the tables so that the related tables are easily fetched and redundancy is kept to a minimum. Tip Please, refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization for an overview of database normalization. For an overview of the normal forms, please refer to the following links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_normal_form http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_normal_form http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_normal_form We may now proceed! Hands on Let's begin by installing the library into our environment and trying out a few examples: pip install sqlalchemy On to our first example!

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This chapter is all about the M layer of MVC, that is, how to store and access your data in a transparent way with Flask! We'll look at the examples of how to use query and write to both the database types, and when to choose which one to use. Tip ACID is the acronym for atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability. Refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID for a cozy definition and overview. SQLAlchemy SQLAlchemy is an amazing library for working with relational databases. It was made by the Pocoo Team, the same folks that brought you Flask, and is considered "The Facto" Python SQL library. It works with SQLite, Postgres, MySQL, Oracle, and all SQL databases, which comes with compatible drivers.

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: from sqlalchemy import create_engine db = create_engine('sqlite:///employees.sqlite') # echo output to console db.echo = True conn = db.connect() conn.execute(""" CREATE TABLE employee ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name STRING(100) NOT NULL, birthday DATE NOT NULL )""") conn.execute("INSERT INTO employee VALUES (NULL, 'marcos mango', date('1990-09-06') );") conn.execute("INSERT INTO employee VALUES (NULL, 'rosie rinn', date('1980-09-06') );") conn.execute("INSERT INTO employee VALUES (NULL, 'mannie moon', date('1970-07-06') );") for row in conn.execute("SELECT * FROM employee"): print row # give connection back to the connection pool conn.close() The preceding example is pretty simple. We create a SQLAlchemy engine, grab a connection from the connection pool (engine handles that for you) and then we execute the SQL command to create a table, insert a few rows and query to see whether everything occurred as expected. Tip Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_pool for the connection pool pattern overview. (This is important, really!) In our insertion, we provided the value NULL to the primary key id. Be aware that SQLite will not populate the primary key with NULL; instead, it will ignore the NULL value and set the column with a new, unique, across the table integer.

pages: 98 words: 25,753

Ethics of Big Data: Balancing Risk and Innovation
by Kord Davis and Doug Patterson
Published 30 Dec 2011

It was met with fierce protests across the political spectrum (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRA_law). British privacy laws are a complex and complicated set of regulations that face serious challenges resulting from how people use platforms that rely on big data, such as Twitter (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/23/uk-privacy-law-thrown-int_n_865416.html). The number of closed-circuit television cameras (CCTV) in London is estimated to be almost two million (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television). And it is well known that the Chinese government heavily regulates Internet traffic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China).

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In late 2011 and early 2012, the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) put before Congress was met with fierce resistance from a wide variety of industries, organizations, and individuals. The primary reason was the belief that the provisions of the proposed law would severely constrain innovation in the future using technical tools such as big data (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Online_Piracy_Act). Part of the debate centered around the belief that the members of Congress supporting the bill were either misinformed by interested parties about how the technology worked and how innovation was made possible, or they were just simply unaware of the realities of how Internet and big data technologies worked in the first place.

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These perspectives, however, motivate the question: have we lost or gained control over our ability to manage how the world perceives us? In 1993, the New Yorker famously published a cartoon with canines at the keyboard whose caption read: “On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Internet,_nobody_knows_you%27re_a_dog). At the time, this was funny because it was true. Today, however, in the age of prevalent big data, it is not only possible for people to know that you’re a dog, but also what breed you are, your favorite snacks, your lineage, and whether you’ve ever won any awards at a dog show.

Speaking Code: Coding as Aesthetic and Political Expression
by Geoff Cox and Alex McLean
Published 9 Nov 2012

./") state_str = ['queued', 'checking', 'downloading metadata', 'downloading', 'finished', 'seeding', 'allocating'] while (1): s = h.status() print '%.2f%% complete (down: %.1f kb/s up: %.1f kB/s peers: %d) %s' % (s.progress * 100, s.download_rate / 1000, s.upload_rate / 1000, s.num_peers, state_str[s.state]) time.sleep(5) Notes 0 Double Coding 1. For more on the Befunge programming language, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Befunge. 2. The Hello World Collection, compiled by Wolfram Roesler (with help from many people around the world), includes 421 “Hello world” programs in many more or less well-known programming languages, plus 63 human languages (available at http://roesler-ac.de/wolfram/hello.htm). 3.

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table=Object&id=2011&lang=). 41. Brigitte Felderer, “Orality,” in Zauberhafte Klangmaschinen: Von der Sprechmaschine bis zur Soundkarte (Hainburg: IMA Institut für Medienarchäologie, Schott Music, 2008), 92. The speaking machine can still be seen in the Deutsches Museum, Munich. 42. See Wikipedia entry, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_von_Kempelen% 27s_Speaking_Machine. 43. Rée, I See a Voice, 258. 44. Ong, Orality and Literacy, 86. 45. See http://www.omniglot.com/writing/korean.htm. 46. Rée, I See a Voice, 262. 47. George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion (1916). Also see Ovid’s Metamorphoses, book X. 48. Alan Turing, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” (1950), in Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort, eds., The New Media Reader (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003), 49–64. 49.

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HAL is a computer capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, natural language processing, lip reading, art appreciation, interpreting and reproducing emotional behaviors, reasoning, and playing chess. Notes to Pages 67–70 125 121. The full story was on the Forumwarz blog but is no longer available. See http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forumwarz. Thanks to Robert Jackson for identifying this example. 122. Ibid. 123. Berardi, The Soul at Work, 89. 124. Ibid., 207. 125. This is something that Berardi also identifies in the article “An Introduction to Therapoetry: The Voice Against the Image / Poetry Against Semiocapital,” in Geoff Cox, Nav Haq, and Tom Trevor, eds., “Art, Activism and Recuperation,” Concept Store Journal 3 (Bristol: Arnolfini, 2010). 3 Coding Publics 1.

pages: 536 words: 73,482

Programming Clojure
by Stuart Halloway and Aaron Bedra
Published 17 Apr 2012

Footnotes [33] http://norvig.com/21-days.html [34] http://lampwww.epfl.ch/papers/idealhashtrees.pdf [35] http://tinyurl.com/clojure-persistent-vector [36] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_number [37] For more on how the JVM manages its stack, see “Runtime Data Areas” at http://tinyurl.com/jvm-spec-toc. [38] On today’s JVMs, languages can provide automatic TCO for some kinds of recursion but not for all. Since there is no general solution, Clojure forces you to be explicit. When and if general TCO becomes widely supported on the JVM, Clojure will support it as well. [39] Hat tip to Jeff Brown, who posed this problem over breakfast at a No Fluff, Just Stuff symposium. [40] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstadter_sequence [41] 3.06 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 4 GB 667 MHz DDR2 SDRAM, Ubuntu 10.10, SSD Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

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In the next chapter, you will see how Clojure is bringing macros to mainstream programming. Footnotes [50] http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2232 [51] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-clojure-protocols/?ca=drs- [52] http://clojure.org/datatypes [53] Notice more than one pitch maps to 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10. [54] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage [55] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleatoric_music Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 7 Macros Macros give Clojure great power. With most programming techniques, you build features within the language. When you write macros, it is more accurate to say that you are “adding features to” the language.

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You have Clojure running in your own environment, and you have written short programs at the REPL to demonstrate functional programming and the reference model for dealing with state. Now it is time to explore the entire language. Footnotes [8] Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art [McC06] is a great read and makes the case that smaller is cheaper. [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoiconicity [10] http://www.paulgraham.com/icad.html [11] http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html [12] http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen [13] http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen [14] pst is available only in Clojure 1.3.0 and greater

pages: 255 words: 76,834

Creative Selection: Inside Apple's Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs
by Ken Kocienda
Published 3 Sep 2018

Wikipedia contributors, “Ben Shneiderman,” Wikipedia, The Free En-cyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ben_Shneiderman&oldid=838578865. Accessed November 16, 2018. Wikipedia contributors, “Direct Manipulation Interface,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_manipulation_interface&oldid=831492190. Accessed November 16, 2017. 6. Wikipedia contributors, “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Magical_Number_Seven,_Plus_or_Minus_Two&oldid=841444468. Accessed November 16, 2017.

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Mat Honan, “Remembering the Apple Newton’s Prophetic Failure and Lasting Impact,” Wired, August 5, 2013. https://www.wired.com/2013/08/remembering-the-apple-newtons-prophetic-failure-and-lasting-ideals/. Accessed November 14, 2017. 2. Wikipedia contributors, “International Talk Like a Pirate Day,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Talk_Like_a_Pirate_Day&oldid=831048898. Accessed November 14, 2017. 3. Wikipedia contributors, “QWERTY,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QWERTY&oldid=842348998. Accessed May 14, 2018. 4. Samantha, Today I Found Out, “The Origin of the Qwerty Keyboard,” January 7, 2012. http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/01/the-origin-of-the-qwerty-keyboard/.

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I thought it was a great show, the stuff of Silicon Valley legend. https://vimeo.com/8235099 4. Sam Williams, Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman’s Crusade for Free Software (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly & Associates, 2001). https://www.oreilly.com/openbook/freedom/index.html 5. Wikipedia contributors, “Gratis versus Libre,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gratis_versus_libre&oldid=840748752. Accessed May 14, 2018. 6. David Flanagan, JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 3rd ed. (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 1998). O’Reilly & Associates books were ubiquitous in 1990s high tech. All the programmers I knew had these books and cherished them.

pages: 266 words: 79,297

Forge Your Future with Open Source
by VM (Vicky) Brasseur

Footnotes [5] https://octoverse.github.com [6] https://www.fsf.org [7] https://sfconservancy.org [8] https://opensource.org/ [9] https://www.spi-inc.org [10] https://fsfe.org/index.en.html [11] https://opensourceprojects.eu [12] https://linux.org.au [13] http://opensource.asia [14] https://fossasia.org [15] http://www.fossfa.net [16] https://africaopendata.org [17] https://softwarelivre.org [18] https://flisol.info [19] https://www.softwarelibre.org.pe [20] https://wikipedia.org [21] https://creativecommons.org [22] https://okfn.org/about/ [23] https://archive.org [24] https://osseeds.org [25] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman [26] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project [27] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Manifesto [28] https://www.fsf.org [29] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Peterson [30] https://opensource.org/ [31] https://opensource.org/osd [32] https://opensource.org/osd-annotated [33] https://opensource.org/licenses [34] https://about.gitlab.com/2017/12/18/balanced-piaa/ [35] https://github.com/blog/2337-work-life-balance-in-employee-intellectual-property-agreements [36] https://opensource.org/licenses [37] https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0 [38] https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT [39] https://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license [40] https://opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license [41] https://opensource.org/licenses/MPL-2.0 Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

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Now that you know how to communicate with others in a FOSS community, it’s time to get to know them, and what better way to do that than getting together in person? Footnotes [92] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds; The inventor of Linux. [93] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Wall; The inventor of rn, patch, Perl, and Perl 6. [94] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee; The inventor of the World Wide Web. [95] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin [96] https://www.xkcd.com/386/ [97] https://opensource.com/life/16/6/irc Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 8 It’s About the People By now you’ve noticed a large part of the book is dedicated to methods and tips for interacting with others.

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To everyone on the channel, who knows who they are and who are there for me through it all: Thank you. I love each and every one of you and I will never tire of saying so. And finally to you, who will help shape the future of technology through your free and open source contributions: Thank you. Footnotes [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whac-A-Mole#Colloquial_usage [2] https://pragprog.com/titles/vbopens/errata [3] https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=%23fossforge [4] https://opensource.com/life/16/6/irc-quickstart-guide Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 1 The Foundations and Philosophies of Free and Open Source When we think or talk about free and open source software, there’s a strong tendency to focus on that last bit: the software.

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Mining Social Media: Finding Stories in Internet Data
by Lam Thuy Vo
Published 21 Nov 2019

For example, to run the function on the Wikipedia page, we just add the following line to our script: scrape_content("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_computer_scientists") However, we need to run the function multiple times. If we want to run it on one or two URLs, this works great, but we’ll likely need to run it on hundreds of URLs. To run it for more than one URL, we can create a list that contains each URL as a string; that way, we can loop through the list to run the function for each link. To do this, add the code in Listing 5-12 to your script after the code from Listing 5-11. # open the website urls = ➊["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_computer_scientists", "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

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# Import our modules or packages that we will need to scrape a website import csv import time from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import requests # Your identification headers = {"user-agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2228.0 Safari/537.36;", "from": "Your name example@domain.com"} # make an empty array for your data rows = [] # open the website urls = ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_computer_scientists", "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Women_computer_scientists &pagefrom=Lin%2C+Ming+C.%0AMing+C.+Lin#mw-pages"] def scrape_content(url): time.sleep(2) page = requests.get(url, headers= headers) page_content = page.content # parse the page through the BeautifulSoup library soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, "html.parser") content = soup.find("div", class_="mw-category") all_groupings = content.find_all("div", class_="mw-category-group") for grouping in all_groupings: names_list = grouping.find("ul") category = grouping.find("h3").get_text() alphabetical_names = names_list.find_all("li") for alphabetical_name in alphabetical_names: # get the name name = alphabetical_name.text # get the link anchortag = alphabetical_name.find("a",href=True) link = anchortag["href"] # get the letter letter_name = category # make a data dictionary that will be written into the csv row = { "name": name, "link": link, "letter_name": letter_name} rows.append(row) for url in urls: scrape_content(url) # make a new csv into which we will write all the rows with open("all-women-computer-scientists.csv", "w+") as csvfile: # these are the header names: fieldnames = ["name", "link", "letter_name"] # this creates your csv writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames) # this writes in the first row, which are the headers writer.writeheader() # this loops through your rows (the array you set at the beginning and have updated throughtout) for row in rows: # this takes each row and writes it into your csv writer.writerow(row) Listing 5-16: The completed scraper script To run and test your scraper, make sure you are connected to the internet and save your file.

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Keeping in mind those ethical and technical considerations, now we’ll get started scraping data from a live website. Scraping from a Live Website For this example, we’ll scrape a list of women computer scientists from Wikipedia, which has a robots.txt file that allows for benign robots to scrape their content. The URL of the page we’ll scrape, shown in Figure 5-2, is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Women_computer_scientists. Figure 5-2: Wikipedia’s list of women computer scientists As we did in previous chapters, we begin our script by loading all the libraries we need. Open your text editor and save a new file called wikipediascraper.py in a folder you can easily access.

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Business Metadata: Capturing Enterprise Knowledge
by William H. Inmon , Bonnie K. O'Neil and Lowell Fryman
Published 15 Feb 2008

. ✦ Von Krogh, Georg, Ichijo, Kazuo, and Nonaka, Ikujiro. Enabling Knowledge Creation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ✦ Wikipedia. “Tacit Knowledge.” Referenced July 13, 2006. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Tacit knowledge ✦ Wikipedia. “Knowledge Worker.” Referenced July 12, 2006. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_worker ✦ Wikipedia. “Internet.” Referenced July 20, 2006. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Internet ✦ Wikipedia. “Groupware.” Referenced July 16, 2006. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Groupware C H A P T E R TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................121 Technical Sources of (Both Business and Technical) Metadata ...............................................................................122 Editing the Metadata as It Passes into the Enterprise Metadata Repository .....................................................128 Turning Technical Metadata into Business Metadata .......................................................................................................135 Summary .......................................................................................................137 Introduction CHAPTER 7 Capturing Business Metadata from Existing Data This chapter explores all the general sources of metadata.

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January, 2004. http://www.sun.com/br/0104_ezine/man_graying.html ✦ Von Krogh, Georg, et al. Enabling Knowledge Creation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ✦ Wikipedia. “Knowledge Base.” Referenced on November 26, 2006, http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_base ✦ Wikipedia. “Knowledge Management.” Referenced on November 25, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_management ✦ Wikipedia. “Tacit Knowledge.” Referenced on November 25, 2006, http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge This page intentionally left blank In Summary 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 16.1 Introduction ................................................................................................273 The Importance of Business Metadata .......................................274 Business Metadata and Metadata Initiatives...........................275 The Essence of Business Metadata................................................276 Lessons Learned in the Field .............................................................278 What Does the Future Hold?.............................................................

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Outside Innovation, 2006. http://outsideinnovation.blogs.com/ pseybold/2006/06/where_do_search.html ✦ Wahl, Zach. “Masterclass: Business Taxonomy, Part I.” Inside Knowledge, October 31, 2006. http://www.ikmagazine.com/ ✦ Wikipedia. “NATO Bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade.”Referenced on October 26, 2006. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/NATO_Bombing_of_the_Chinese_embassy_in_Belgrade C H A P T E R TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................79 Why Consolidate or Integrate Metadata? ....................................80 Metadata Project Planning and Scoping Considerations .................................................................................................... 82 Defining the Scope of the Metadata Repository ....................85 Summary ..........................................................................................................87 Introduction As organizations moved to an understanding of the need for enterprise information, rather than just application information, corporations recognized that they needed to do something about their metadata.

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Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think
by Hans Rosling , Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
Published 2 Apr 2018

Wikipedia[1]. “Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_abolition_of_slavery_and_serfdom. Wikipedia[2]. “Capital punishment by country: Abolition chronology.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_country#Abolition_chronology. Wikipedia[3]. “Feature film: History.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_film#History. Wikipedia[4]. “Women’s suffrage.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage. Wikipedia[5]. “Sound recording and reproduction: Phonoautograph.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction#Phonautograph. Wikipedia[6].

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Wikipedia[6]. “World War II casualties.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties. Wikipedia[7]. “List of terrorist incidents: 1970–present.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents#1970–present. Wikipedia[8]. “Cobratoxin: Multiple sclerosis.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobratoxin#cite_note-pmid21999367-8. Wikipedia[9]. “Charles Waterton.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Waterton. Wikipedia[10]. “Recovery position.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_position. World Bank[1]. “Indicator GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $).” International Comparison Program database.

pages: 588 words: 131,025

The Patient Will See You Now: The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands
by Eric Topol
Published 6 Jan 2015

“The Ninety-Five Theses,” Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ninety-Five_Theses. 42. J. Katz, The Silent World of Doctor and Patient (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984), 7–8. 43. American Medical Association, Code of Medical Ethics, 1847, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/our-history/history-ama-ethics.page. 44. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 303. 45. “Sacrosanctum Concilium,” Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacrosanctum_Concilium. 46. “Ad Orientem,” Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_orientem. 47.

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That may be especially apropos, given the symbol’s original suggestion of a godlike nature of physicians, and the tradition of paternalism that the AMA, along with many physicians, inherited from the ancient world. FIGURE 2.2: Evolution of the caduceus symbol in medicine and its adoption by the American Medical Association. Sources: (left and middle) “Caduceus,” Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caduceus; and (right) “History of AMA Ethics,” American Medical Association, accessed August 13, 2014, http://www.ama-assn.org/ama. The American Medical Association The American Medical Asssociation was founded in 1847, and for more than 160 years since, says its website, the AMA’s Code of Medical Ethics has been the “authoritative ethics guide for practicing physicians.”25 Authoritative it has been.

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This is the first chapter of the “My” section of the book; each one is about different components of your information. Later in the book we’ll get to the transformative implications of having and owning your GIS data. FIGURE 5.1: Differences in our ability to map an infectious disease epidemic. Sources: (left) “1854 Broad Street Cholera Outbreak,” Wikipedia, accessed August 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak; and (right) J. L. Gardy et al., “Whole-Genome Sequencing and Social-Network Analysis of a Tuberculosis Outbreak,” New England Journal of Medicine 364 (2011): 730–739. The human GIS comprises multiple layers of demographic, physiologic, anatomic, biologic, and environmental data (Figure 5.2) about a particular individual.5 This is a rich, multi-scale, mosaic of a human being, which can be used to define one’s medical essence; when fully amassed and integrated, it is what a digitized person looks like, at least for the sake of how medical care can be rendered.

pages: 459 words: 138,689

Slowdown: The End of the Great Acceleration―and Why It’s Good for the Planet, the Economy, and Our Lives
by Danny Dorling and Kirsten McClure
Published 18 May 2020

Moreover, in contrast with the first diagram, it is now clear how the rate of change in its position itself changes. The first diagram shows only position. 5. Three different ways of describing the movement of the perpetual pendulum. (Adapted from an illustration in the Wikipedia entry “Phase Portrait,” probably by Krishnatej Vedala, accessed 7 September 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_portrait#/media/File:Pendulum_phase_portrait_illustration.svg.) The final of the three diagrams, shown at the bottom of figure 5, takes time off any axis. This phase portrait of the pendulum is a circle around which the pendulum is swinging anti-, or counter-, clockwise. Deceleration toward its highest position on the circle, which is furthest right in real space (number 3), occurs after a slowdown between points 2 and 3.

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Perhaps it is the case that many people, worldwide, are very interested in between 1 and 2 million things and that, after that number is reached, each additional million entries are generally of less interesting content than the previous million were. The encyclopedias of the past had far fewer than a million entries. 10. Articles in Wikipedia, 15 January 2001–1 January 2019. (Data adapted from “Wikipedia: Size of Wikipedia,” Wikipedia, accessed 24 February 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia.) A second change can be seen in the trend that occurred in 2015, when Wikipedia’s growth rate briefly accelerated again. It is possible that people had started assuming that they would find a Wikipedia entry for anything and everything they thought was important or interesting, and so those who could edit (and computer literacy was increasing quickly back then) added more “stubs” to make the existing gaps apparent, and other people coming across the stubs were invited to do something about it via a notice on the page itself.

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They are all directly involved either in the production of oil and gas, in making the cars that run on the oil, in building and running the enormous supermarkets with gigantic car parks to which you drive in your car using that oil (in the case of Walmart), or—they are the “largest shareholder in United Airlines and Delta Air Lines and a top 3 shareholder in Southwest Airlines and American Airlines” (in the case of Berkshire Hathaway, run by Warren Buffet), among much else.12 Table 5. Ten largest companies in the world by revenue, 2018 Source: “List of Largest Companies by Revenue,” Wikipedia, accessed 22 April 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_by_revenue. ONE DEGREE ABOVE NORMAL BY 2018 The timeline in figure 17 shows what is widely believed to be the effect of the relentless rise in CO2 pollution around the planet. That pollution is measured each June high up on a mountain on a Hawaiian island in the Pacific Ocean.

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Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age
by W. Bernard Carlson
Published 11 May 2013

Tim Judah, The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), 5. 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lika. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MilitaryFrontier. 6. NY Herald, 1893, 92. See also Notecard on Kosanović’s criticism of O’Neill’s mss., KSP. 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illyrian provinces. 8. NY Herald, 1893. 9. Cheney and Uth, Master of Lightning, 5. 10. Mrkich, “NT Father.” See also [Dan] Mrkich, Nikola Tesla: The European Years (Ottawa: Commoners’ Publishing, 2004), 52–53. 11. The French established twenty-five gymnasia in the Illyrian provinces; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illyrian_provinces. 12. Mrkich, “NT Father.” 13.

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TCM, “Nikola Tesla,” The Century Magazine 47 (February 1894): 582–86 in TC 9:1–4. 20. TCM to RUJ, 7 February 1894 and TCM to NT, 17 February 94, in Seifer, Wizard, 129. 21. NT to RUJ, 15 February 1894, Bakken Museum of Electricity, Minneapolis. 22. NT, New York Academy of Sciences Lecture, 31. 23. On Jefferson and Crawford, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jefferson and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Marion_Crawford. 24. TCM, “Tesla’s Oscillator and Other Inventions,” 928. 25. NT to RUJ, 2 May 1894, in Seifer, Wizard, 128; NT to KJ, 2 May 1894, in Cheney, Tesla: Man out of Time, 95. 26. Martin, “Tesla’s Oscillator.” 27. Arthur Brisbane, “Our Foremost Electrician,” New York World, 22 July 1894, p. 1; John Foord, “Nikola Tesla and His Work,” New York Times, 30 September 1894; and Curtis Brown, “A Man of the Future,” Savannah Morning News, 21 October 1894, all in TC 9:44–48, 64–67, 84–87; TCM, “The Burning of Tesla’s Laboratory,” Engineering Magazine, April 1895, pp. 101–4, on 101 in TC 9:162–64. 28.

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Here was confirmation of the hunch Tesla had had while walking in the park with Szigeti: that alternating current could create the rotating magnetic field he wanted for his motor. FIGURE 3.1. First transformers developed by Zipernowsky, Bláthy, and Déri in 1884–1885 in the Museum of Applied Arts, Budapest. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZBD.jpg. To be sure, the ball spinning on the top of the broken ring transformer did not reveal to Tesla how to control several alternating currents so that they created a rotating magnetic field; again, the spinning ball only confirmed that Tesla’s ideal of the motor was possible.

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Applied Artificial Intelligence: A Handbook for Business Leaders
by Mariya Yao , Adelyn Zhou and Marlene Jia
Published 1 Jun 2018

Retrieved from http://blog.clarifai.com/customer-case-studies/” (7) http://probcomp.csail.mit.edu/ (8) Reading List. (n.d.). MIT Probabilistic Computing Project. Retrieved November 16, 2017, from http://probcomp.org/reading-list/ (9) Optical computing. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 16, 2017, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_computing (10) Quantum computing. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 16, 2017, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing 2. The Machine Intelligence Continuum If you’re not an AI researcher or engineer, understanding the subtle differences and applications of various machine learning approaches can be challenging.

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Facebook’s head of AI wants us to stop using the Terminator to talk about AI. The Verge. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/RtDL5” (2) “http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-real-story-of-2016/” (3) “Symbolic Artificial Intelligence. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved November 16, 2017, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence” (4) “Le, Q.V., & Schuster, M. (2016, September 27). A Neural Network for Machine Translation, at Production Scale [blog post]. Retrieved from: https://research.googleblog.com/2016/09/a-neural-network-for-machine.html” (5) “Huang, X.D. (2017, August 20).

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Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/google-ai-images-raise-100000-at-auction-2016-2 (15) Goleman, D. (2008, March 24). When Emotional Intelligence Does Not Matter More Than IQ. Retrieved from http://www.danielgoleman.info/whenemotional-intelligence-does-not-matter-more-than-iq (16) Sentiment analysis. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved on November 17, 2017, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiment_analysis (17) Knight, W. (2016, June 13). Emotional intelligence might be a virtual assistant’s secret weapon. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from http://www.technologyreview.com/s/601654/amazon-working-on-making-alexarecognize-your-emotions/ (18) Talbot, D. (2014, September 19).

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Bad Data Handbook
by Q. Ethan McCallum
Published 14 Nov 2012

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Slow connections cause timeouts when loading pages, so your program has to fail gracefully and move on, keeping a history of what you were and were not able to save so that you can make a second (or third or fourth) pass to get more data. However, it is sometimes a fun challenge to reverse-engineer a website and figure out how they do things under the hood, notice common design approaches, and end up with some interesting data to work with in the end. * * * [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act [6] http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/ [7] https://github.com/bolinfest/chickenfoot/ Chapter 6. Detecting Liars and the Confused in Contradictory Online Reviews Jacob Perkins Did you know that people lie for their own selfish reasons?

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* * * [8] http://www.weotta.com [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing [10] http://citygrid.com/ [11] http://bit.ly/X9sqWR [12] http://nltk.org [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_classification [14] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/people/pabo/movie-review-data/ [15] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/llee/papers/sentiment.pdf [16] http://bit.ly/QibGfE [17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier [18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_entropy_classifier [19] https://github.com/japerk/nltk-trainer [20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part-of-speech_tagging [21] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_(computational_linguistics) [22] http://www.slideshare.net/japerk/corpus-bootstrapping-with-nltk Chapter 7. Will the Bad Data Please Stand Up? Philipp K. Janert Among hikers and climbers, they say that “there is no such thing as bad weather—only inappropriate clothing.” And as anybody who has spent some time outdoors can attest, it is often precisely trips undertaken under more challenging circumstances that lead to the most noteworthy memories. But one has to be willing to put oneself out there. In a similar spirit, I don’t think there is really such a thing as “bad data”—only inappropriate approaches.

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Clojure Programming
by Chas Emerick , Brian Carper and Christophe Grand
Published 15 Aug 2011

* * * [6] Clojure is by no means the only homoiconic language, nor is homoiconicity a new concept. Other homoiconic languages include all other Lisps, all sorts of machine language (and therefore arguably Assembly language as well), Postscript, XSLT and XQuery, Prolog, R, Factor, Io, and more. [7] The natural language parse tree was mostly lifted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree. The Reader Although Clojure’s compilation and evaluation machinery operates exclusively on Clojure data structures, the practice of programming has not yet progressed beyond storing code as plain text. Thus, a way is needed to produce those data structures from textual code.

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In Clojure, functional programming means: A preference for working with immutable values; this includes: The use of immutable data structures that satisfy simple abstractions, rather than mutable bags of state The treatment of functions as values themselves, enabling higher-order functions A preference for declarative processing of data over imperative control structures and iteration The natural incremental composition of functions, higher-order functions, and immutable data structures in order to solve complex problems by working with higher-level (or, right-level) abstractions These are all part of the foundation for many of the more advanced features of Clojure that you may have heard of—in particular, Clojure’s fantastic support for concurrency, parallelism, and more generally, providing defined semantics for the management of identities and changing state, which we’ll cover separately in Chapter 4. * * * [35] After you’ve internalized what we provide here, you may find the Wikipedia entry for functional programming to be a surprisingly good springboard for diving deeper into a variety of related topics: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming. [36] Note that it is possible to use functional programming principles even in languages—like Java—that do little to encourage (and sometimes actively discourage) FP styles. This is made much easier if you have some quality persistent data structures and implementations of FP fundamentals like those provided by the Google Guava (https://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/) or Functional Java (http://functionaljava.org) libraries.

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[46] Perhaps you recall the confusion and uncertainty that existed around double-checked locking some years ago—eventually resolved, but with much complexity and the help of a new JVM memory model: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html. [47] A.k.a. Heisenbugs, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenbug. First-Class and Higher-Order Functions Despite the great variability about what “functional programming” means in different languages, one requirement is consistent: functions must themselves be values, so that they may be treated like any other data, accepted as arguments and returned as results by other functions.

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Creative Intelligence: Harnessing the Power to Create, Connect, and Inspire
by Bruce Nussbaum
Published 5 Mar 2013

It was eye-opening, and I asked him to present it to my class, which he did, in the spring of 2011. He’s the only designer I know who was named after a car, the Tucker, which his father designed. http://www.friedrichfroebel.com/, accessed October 20, 2012. 136 the progressive education movement expanded: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_education, accessed September 13, 2012; http://www.montessori-ami.org, accessed September 13, 2012; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wal dorf_schools, accessed September 13, 2012. 136 In 2007, Katie Salen: interview with Katie Salen, June 6, 2011. 136 received a MacArthur Foundation grant: http://www.instituteofplay.org/about, accessed September 13, 2012. 137 Salen puts on a weeklong summer: interview with Katie Salen, June 6, 2011, Institute of Play, http://www.instituteofplay.org/work/ projects/mobile-quest, accessed September 13, 2012. 137 Perhaps that is why 72 percent: Video Game Voters, http://videogamevoters.org/pages/top_10_gamer_facts/, accessed September 13, 2012. 137 StarCraft II: John Gaudiosi, “Major League Gaming Wraps Record-Breaking 2011 Season with Over $600,000 in Cash and Prizes,” GamerLive.TV, November 21, 2011, accessed September 13, 2012, http://www.gamerlive.tv/article/major-league-gaming-wraps-record-breaking -2011-season-over-600000-cash-and-prizes; Gunnar Technology Eyewear, http://www.gunnars.com/events/gunnar-mlg-providence-national-championships/, accessed September 13, 2012. 138 Re-Mission is a game: Re-Mission website, http://www.re-mission.net/, accessed September 13, 2012. 138 The game was created by HopeLab: “About HopeLab,” http://www.hopelab.org/about-us/, accessed September 13, 2012. 138 According to a study conducted: Pamela M.

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page=1,accessed September 13, 2012; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimCity, accessed October 21, 2012. 139 Humans vs. Mosquitoes: http://humansvsmosquitoes.com/background/, accessed September 13, 2012; Lauren Graham, “Climate Conversations—Can a Game Combat Malaria?” AlertNet, July 17, 2012, accessed October 20, 2012, http://www.trust.org/alertnet/blogs/climate- conversations/can-a-game-combat-malaria/. 139 It was designed by students: Ibid. 140 In 1485, Leonardo da Vinci: http://www.flyingmachines.org/davi.html, accessed September 13, 2012. 140 It was not only a beautiful work: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter, accessed September 13, 2012. 140 in 1959, a wealthy British businessman: Aza Raskin, “Wanna Solve Impossible Problems?

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__source=vty, accessed September 9, 2012. 191 Corning is developing new: http://9to5mac.com/2012/ 06/04/corning-announces-slim-flexible-willow-glass-video/, accessed September 5, 2012; http://www.apple.com/about/job-creation/, accessed September 9, 2012; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorilla_Glass, accessed September 9, 2012. 191 From its founding in 1939: In the spring of 2012, I assembled a panel of six retired HP engineers and researchers who’d worked there from the early glory days through the company’s decline, and spent two days talking with them in order to understand the culture of HP and how it had changed. 191 advanced degrees in electrical engineering: Lee Fleming, “Finding the Organizational Sources of Technological Breakthroughs: The Story of Hewlett-Packard’s Thermal InkJet,” Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 11, no. 5, 1059–84 (Oxford University Press, 2002); “Case Study: Spitting Image,” Economist, September 19, 2002, accessed September 10, 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/1324685. 192 “HP Labs was a wonderful place”: Fleming, “Finding the Organizational Sources of Technological Breakthroughs.” 192 “I bore easily”: Ibid. 192 “very far, very fast”: Ibid. 192 In 1978, Vaught and Donald: Ibid. 192 From the beginning of what: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_matrix_printer, accessed September 5, 2012; http://eightiesclub.tripod.com/id325.htm, accessed September 5, 2012. 192 Dot-matrix printers were “impact printers”: Stan Retner, “History of Inkjet Printers Development,” Toner Cartridge Depot, November 21, 2007, accessed September 5, 2012, http://blog.tonercartridgedepot.com/2007/ 11/21/history-of-inkjet-printers-development/. 192 Printing was slow and loud: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dots_per_inch, accessed September 5, 2012. 192 In fact, the joke going: personal interviews with the six retired HP engineers I talked with in Portland, Oregon, in the spring of 2012. 193 For most of its early history: Ibid.; Frank Cloutier, “Building One of the World’s Largest Technology Businesses (and How to Have Fun and Profit from Your Hobbies),” presentation at MIT, March, 2, 2004, accessed at http://techtv-dev.mit.edu/videos/ 15930-building-one-of-the-world-s-largest-technology-businesses-and-how-to-have-fun-and-profit-from-your-home. 193 “We weren’t the largest”: Cloutier, “Building One of the World’s Largest Technology Businesses.” 193 And yet on Christmas Eve: Fleming, “Finding the Organizational Sources of Technological Breakthroughs; “Case Study: Spitting Image.” 193 as Vaught caught sight: Fleming, “Finding the Organizational Sources of Technological Breakthroughs.” 193 “Inventors just don’t go home”: Ibid. 193 “if you think about it”: Ibid. 193 (Because of this explosive process): Thomas Kraemer, “Printing Enters the Jet Age,” American Heritage Invention and Technology, Spring 2001, vol. 6, no. 4, 18–27; accessed September 5, 2012, http://tomsosu.blogspot.com/2012/ 02/history-of-hp-inkjet-printers-in.html. 194 “They had tremendous fun”: Alan G.

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You've Been Played: How Corporations, Governments, and Schools Use Games to Control Us All
by Adrian Hon
Published 14 Sep 2022

David Pogue, “6 Billion Degrees of Separation,” Pogue’s Posts, New York Times, January 22, 2007, https://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/01/22/6-billion-degrees-of-separation/; “Find Satoshi,” Find Satoshi, accessed November 28, 2021, https://findsatoshi.com. 26. “Satoshi Nakamoto,” Wikipedia, updated November 28, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Nakamoto. 27. u/th0may, “Found someone similar looking on a Japanese webpage,” r/FindSatoshi, Reddit, December 26, 2020, www.reddit.com/r/FindSatoshi/comments/kktjhc/found_someone_similar_looking_on_japanese_webpage. 28. “Cicada 3301,” Wikipedia, updated November 8, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicada_3301. 29. “The Code for BBC Two,” Six to Start, accessed November 28, 2021, www.sixtostart.com/the-code. 30. Patrick Di Justo, “The Cicada’s Love Affair with Prime Numbers,” New Yorker, May 13, 2013, www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers. 31.

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Harvey Rosenfield and Laura Antonini, “Opinion: Data Isn’t Just Being Collected from Your Phone. It’s Being Used to Score You.” Washington Post, July 31, 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/31/data-isnt-just-being-collected-your-phone-its-being-used-score-you. 29. “Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act,” Wikipedia, updated October 4, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_and_Accurate_Credit_Transactions_Act; Laura Gleason, “An Overview of the Credit Score Disclosure Requirements for Risk-Based Pricing Notices,” Consumer Compliance Outlook (Third Quarter 2011), https://consumercomplianceoutlook.org/2011/third-quarter/overview-of-the-credit-score. 30.

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id=com.actil.android.app; Aaron Bandler, “How Act.IL Mobilized Community Against Ending Haifa Program at Pitzer,” Jewish Journal, April 15, 2019, https://jewishjournal.com/los_angeles/296953/how-act-il-mobilized-community-against-ending-haifa-program-at-pitzer. 42. “Special Force (2003 video game),” Wikipedia, updated April 19, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Force_(2003_video_game). 43. “Sardar Naqdi: We Hope to Take Back This Occupied Khorramshahr Cyberspace from the Enemy / One of the Needs of the Country Is the Development of Prayer Software,” Khabar Online, accessed November 28, 2021, https://www.khabaronline.ir/news /1435542/. 44.

pages: 138 words: 40,787

The Silent Intelligence: The Internet of Things
by Daniel Kellmereit and Daniel Obodovski
Published 19 Sep 2013

We will also continue our discussions with industry experts about what is happening, what might happen, and what needs to happen to bring about the vision of the Internet of Things. 1 Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy (Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press, 2011), p.297. 2 Nokia, Machine-to-Machine: Let Your Machines Talk (2004). http://www.m2mpremier.com/uploadFiles/m2m-white-paper-v4.pdf. 3 The observation that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law.) 4 Motorola, Aspira Intelligence Everywhere (1999). 5 Mark Weiser, “The Computer for the 21st Century,” Scientific American, Special Issue: Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 6 Glen Allmendinger and Ralph Lombreglia, “Four Strategies for the Age of Smart Services,” Harvard Business Review, October 2005. 7 Ericsson, More Than 50 Billion Connected Devices (February 2011). http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/wp-50-billions.pdf. 8 W.

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OBD systems give the vehicle owner or a repair technician access to information for various vehicle subsystems. Modern OBD implementations use a standardized digital communications port to provide real-time data, in addition to a standardized series of diagnostic trouble codes, or DTCs, which allow one to identify and remedy malfunctions within the vehicle. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBD-II#OBD-II.) Chapter 3 THE FUTURE OF THE SILENT INTELLIGENCE Business is going to change more in the next ten years than it has in the last fifty. ~ Bill Gates We made a point in chapter 1 that the exponential growth of the Internet of Things is going to have a profound effect on our lives over the next five to ten years.

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Also Garry Kasparov, “The Chess Master and the Computer,” New York Review of Books, February 11, 2010. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/feb/11/the-chess-master-and-the-computer/. 17 Second Life is an online virtual world developed by Linden Lab. It was launched on June 23, 2003. A number of free client programs, or Viewers, enable Second Life users to interact with one another through avatars (also called Residents). (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Life.) 18 Peer-to-peer car-sharing services like Getaround, JustShareIt, and others are in operation. We don’t know if they’ll be successful, but this type of service would not be possible without M2M. 19 After this interview and just before this book was published, BodyMedia was acquired by Jawbone.

pages: 472 words: 80,835

Life as a Passenger: How Driverless Cars Will Change the World
by David Kerrigan
Published 18 Jun 2017

_r=0 Blogs: A selection of blogs on the topic of Driverless cars: http://penguindreams.org/blog/self-driving-cars-will-not-solve-the-transportation-problem/# http://utilware.com/autonomous.html http://ideas.4brad.com/rodney-brooks-pedestrian-interaction-andrew-ng-infrastructure-and-both-human-attitudes https://medium.com/@alexrubalcava/a-roadmap-for-a-world-without-drivers-573aede0c968 http://www.newgeography.com/content/005024-preparing-impact-driverless-cars http://blog.piekniewski.info/2017/05/11/a-car-safety-myths-and-facts/ https://medium.com/@christianhern/self-driving-cars-as-the-new-toolbar-8c8a47a3c598 https://backchannel.com/self-driving-cars-will-improve-our-cities-if-they-dont-ruin-them-2dc920345618#.4va0brsyg Videos: A selection of Videos on the topic of Driverless cars: Video of Tesla Auto pilot - https://thescene.com/watch/arstechnica/cars-technica-hands-on-with-tesla-s-autopilot https://youtu.be/tiwVMrTLUWg (15 Minute TED Talk by Chris Urmson of Google, 2015) * * * [1] http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/McKinsey%20Digital/Our%20Insights/Disruptive%20technologies/MGI_Disruptive_technologies_Full_report_May2013.ashx [2] http://www.morganstanley.com/articles/autonomous-cars-the-future-is-now [3] http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Media/WEF_FutureofJobs.pdf [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Amara [5] https://twitter.com/BenedictEvans/status/763209924302090240 [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes#Dichotomy_paradox [7] https://twitter.com/BenedictEvans/status/771115479393906688 [8] https://lilium.com/ [9] https://www.uber.com/info/elevate/ [10] The Salmon of Doubt, Douglas Adams, 2002 [11] http://farmerandfarmer.org/mastery/builder.html [12] https://global.oup.com/academic/product/innovation-and-its-enemies-9780190467036?

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Urban Land Institute Terwilliger Center for Housing: 19. 2014 [52] https://twitter.com/NelsonNygaard/status/684042745216798720 [53] http://www.uspirg.org/news/usp/new-report-shows-mounting-evidence-millennials%E2%80%99-shift-away-driving [54] https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/751 [55] http://www.cnet.com/uk/news/a-future-of-self-driving-cars-were-ready-now/ [56] http://www.bbc.com/news/business-35242514 [57] https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-travel-survey-2014 [58] http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ [59] http://www.morganstanley.com/ideas/car-of-future-is-autonomous-electric-shared-mobility [60] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_car [61] https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/411471/road-traffic-forecasts-2015.pdf [62] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchetti%27s_constant [63] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/02/29/are-americans-leaving-cars-behind/ [64] Door to Door: The Magnificent, Maddening, Mysterious World of Transportation, Edward Humes, 2016 [65] http://la.curbed.com/2016/9/9/12824240/self-driving-cars-plan-los-angeles [66] http://sustainablemobility.ei.columbia.edu/files/2012/12/Transforming-Personal-Mobility-Jan-27-20132.pdf [67] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5 [68] http://www.segway.com/ [69] https://www.wired.com/2016/10/teslas-self-driving-car-plan-seems-insane-just-might-work/ [70] Alphabet is Google’s parent company and owner of Waymo, formerly known as Google Self Driving Car project

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cc=us&lang=en& [13] Profiles of the Future, 1962 [14] http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,2026224_2200963,00.html [15] The Tempest, Act I, Scene I [16] Disruptive Mobility: AV Deployment Risks and Possibilities, Barclays Research, Jul 2015 [17] https://cleantechnica.com/2017/02/04/us-electric-car-sales-59-january-2017/ [18] http://www.encyclopedia.com/literature-and-arts/art-and-architecture/architecture/shopping-center [19] http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-chicago-auto-show-early-cars-flashback-0208-jm-20150207-story.html [20] Peter Norton, 2002 [21] Proceedings of the National Safety Council, Tenth Annual Safety Congress, Boston 1922 [22] http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan-history/2015/04/26/auto-traffic-history-detroit/26312107/ [23] Frank R Coates, American Electric Railway Association, US Chamber of Commerce, Washington, May 1926 [24] https://medium.com/@anthonymobile/peak-city-b5457846ce11 [25] https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2014-Report.pdf [26] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/oct/19/oslo-moves-to-ban-cars-from-city-centre-within-four-years [27] https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter1.cfm [28] https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/pubs/hf/pl11028/chapter4.cfm [29] 'Traffic', Tom Vanderbilt (2008) [30] https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/consumer-expenditures/2015/home.htm [31] http://inrix.com/scorecard/ [32] https://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/report/ [33] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10505818 [34] http://assets.highways.gov.uk/our-road-network/pope/major-schemes/POPE___meta_2011___main_report___final.pdf [35] https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/subject_areas/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.html [36] http://cityminded.org/daily-commute-need-talk-99-12436 [37] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5409622/?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=5409622&url=http:%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4149681%2F5409610%2F05409622.pdf%3Farnumber%3D5409622 [38] http://360.here.com/2014/04/30/jams-game-theory-equations-science-of-traffic/ [39] http://engineering.illinois.edu/news/article/21938 [40] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braess%27s_paradox [41] http://chester.faculty.asu.edu/library/access39_parking.pdf [42] http://www.transportationlca.org/losangelesparking/ [43] Rethinking a Lot (2012), Eran Ben-Joseph [44] http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/CruisingForParkingAccess.pdf [45] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/news/10082461/Motorists-spend-106-days-looking-for-parking-spots.html [46] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/cars/news/london-parking-space-goes-on-sale-for-350000/ [47] http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/12/us/12parking.html [48] Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, Joel Garreau, 2011 [49] http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21720269-dont-let-people-park-free-how-not-create-traffic-jams-pollution-and-urban-sprawl [50] https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/Housing_Development_Toolkit%20f.2.pdf [51] Bending the Cost Curve – Solutions to Expand the Supply of Affordable Rentals.”

pages: 315 words: 70,044

Learning SPARQL
by Bob Ducharme
Published 15 Jul 2011

@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . d:c1 a skos:Concept ; xl:prefLabel d:label1 . d:c2 a skos:Concept ; xl:prefLabel d:label2 ; skos:broader d:c1 . d:c3 a skos:Concept ; xl:prefLabel d:label3 ; skos:broader d:c1 . d:label1 a xl:Label ; xl:literalForm "Mammal" ; dc:source <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal> . d:label2 a xl:Label ; xl:literalForm "Dog" ; dc:source <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog> . d:label3 a xl:Label ; xl:literalForm "Cat" ; dc:source <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat> . Note Note that this SKOS-XL example includes extra triples about the source of each term, using the Dublin Core source property, to show SKOS-XL’s flexibility. You can add all the metadata you want, from any namespaces you want, to these terms.

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DBpedia’s SNORQL web form I want DBpedia to give me a list of albums produced by the hip-hop producer Timbaland and the artists who made those albums. If Wikipedia has a page for Some Topic at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Topic, the DBpedia URI to represent that resource is usually http://dbpedia.org/resource/Some_Topic, so after finding the Wikipedia page for the producer at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbaland, I sent a browser to http://dbpedia.org/resource/Timbaland, found plenty of information (although it was redirected to http://dbpedia.org/page/Timbaland, because when a browser asks for the information, DBpedia redirects it to the HTML version of the data), and knew that this was the right URI to represent him in queries.

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@en | | skos:subject | cat:Cornish_writers | | skos:subject | cat:English_Methodist_clergy | | skos:subject | cat:19th-century_Methodist_clergy | | skos:subject | cat:People_from_St_Stephen-in-Brannel | | skos:subject | cat:1860_births | | skos:subject | cat:1937_deaths | | skos:subject | cat:English_novelists | | rdfs:label | "Joseph Hocking"@en | | foaf:page | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hocking> | ------------------------------------------------------------------ This result doesn’t have a ton of data, but only because I deliberately picked an obscure person to ask about. I also trimmed the data in the two places where you see ... above to make it easier to fit on the page; the rdfs:comment value describing the British novelist/minister is actually an entire paragraph.

pages: 310 words: 89,653

The Interstellar Age: Inside the Forty-Year Voyager Mission
by Jim Bell
Published 24 Feb 2015

perhaps some other complex hydrocarbons: This and other early pioneering planetary spectroscopic discoveries were made by the Dutch-American astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper, who is widely regarded as one of the founding fathers of modern planetary science. There’s a nice Wikipedia biography of Kuiper online at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper. could have led to the formation of life on Earth: Wikipedia’s entry on the Miller-Urey experiments at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller-Urey_experiment is a great starting point for learning more about these famous early efforts at understanding the possible origins of life on Earth and other habitable worlds. Voyager’s cameras were blind to the surface itself: Uncovering those secrets, including discovering the hoped-for seas of ethane and methane, would have to wait more than twenty-five years, when the Cassini Saturn orbiter, armed with cloud-penetrating radar inspired by Voyager’s discoveries, would finally map the fascinating geology and hydrology of Titan and when the ESA Huygens probe would get near-surface images just before landing.

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modern-day spacecraft forensics: For more details, see The Planetary Society’s director of projects Bruce Betts’s April 19, 2012, blog post “Pioneer Anomaly Solved!” at planetary.org/blogs/bruce-betts/3459.html. just under four light-years away: For information about Voyager 1’s predicted encounter with Gliese 445, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_445, and for information about Voyager 2’s predicted encounter with Ross 248, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_248. “redirect the spacecraft as closely as possible . . .”: Carl Sagan, et al., Murmurs of Earth, pages 235–36. evidence of planets around other nearby stars: The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia, online at exoplanet.eu/catalog, contains lists, plots, and links to the now more than 1,800 planets discovered around nearby stars that are (mostly) like our sun, via a variety of ground-based and space-based methods.

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Garber’s article “Searching for Good Science: The Cancellation of NASA’s SETI Program,” Journal of British Interplanetary Society 52 (1999): 3–12 (online at history.nasa.gov/garber.pdf). Why should American taxpayers support NASA?: Wikipedia has a fairly comprehensive entry on the history of the NASA budget, with links to more information, at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_NASA. inspiration is priceless during tough times: Watch and read Neil deGrasse Tyson’s passionate 2012 testimony to the US Senate’s Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee on Neil’s own website, at haydenplanetarium.org/tyson/read/2012/03/07/past-present-and-future-of-nasa-us-senate-testimony.

pages: 307 words: 93,073

Win Every Argument: The Art of Debating, Persuading, and Public Speaking
by Mehdi Hasan
Published 27 Feb 2023

Andrew Dlugan, the founder and editor: Andrew Dlugan, “Why Successful Speech Outlines Follow the Rule of Three,” Six Minutes, June 3, 2009, accessed May 2, 2022, http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/speech-outline-rule-of-three/. Chapter 8: Judo Moves pulled him out: “Kanō Jigorō,” Wikipedia, last modified September 8, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanō_Jigorō. twelve tatami mats: Brian N. Watson, The Father of Judo: A Biography of Jigoro Kano (New York: Kodansha America, 2000), 21–26, 39. the verb kuzusu: “Kuzushi,” Wikipedia, last modified June 17, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzushi. “The philosophy of judo”: THNKR, “The Art of Debate: Never Lose an Argument Again,” YouTube video, 5:09, October 18, 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LesGw274Kjo&t=185s.

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“In the name of God, go”: Martyn Bennett, “‘In the Name of God, Go’: The History of a Speech That Has Brought Down Parliament and a Prime Minister,” The Conversation, January 20, 2022, accessed May 2, 2022, https://theconversation.com/in-the-name-of-god-go-the-history-of-a-speech-that-has-brought-down-parliament-and-a-prime-minister-175368; “Norway Debate,” Wikipedia, last modified August 2, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway_Debate. “short and sweet”: Kendall Payne and Hannah Madden, “How to Create One Liners,” wikiHow, February 8, 2022, accessed August 10, 2022, https://www.wikihow.com/Create-One-Liners. dry wit: “Laconic phrase,” Wikipedia, last modified October 20, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconic_phrase. “friend or foe”: Bickford-Duane, Little Book of Zingers, 12. “my name is Mehdi, not Ahmed”: smtm: Entertainment, “Question Time in Lincoln—15/01/2014,” YouTube video, 59:01, January 22, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for the relevant passages documented or discussed. Introduction saw an opportunity: “The Remarkable Salaethus and the Siege of Mytilene,” Hellenic Antidote blog, January 19, 2021, http://hellenicantidote.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-remarkable-salaethus-and-siege-of.html; “Mytilenean Debate,” Wikipedia, last modified April 18, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mytilenean_Debate. “penalty of rebellion is death”: Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, trans. Richard Crawley (London: Global Grey, 2021), 96. Retrieved on May 2, 2022, https://www.globalgreyebooks.com/history-of-the-peloponnesian-war-ebook.html. “Egged on”: Ejaz Haider, “The Mytilenian Debate and Us,” Express Tribune, March 12, 2013, https://tribune.com.pk/story/519704/the-mytilenian-debate-and-us.

pages: 519 words: 104,396

Priceless: The Myth of Fair Value (And How to Take Advantage of It)
by William Poundstone
Published 1 Jan 2010

Stevens’s office”: Ibid., 429. 29 “Psychophysics is an exact doctrine”: Fechner 1966, 8. 30 “Carving Meat and Setting the Table”: Heidelberger 2004, 43. 30 “But then I ruined my eyesight”: Fechner’s autobiographical note is translated in ibid., 322. 30 “People called Fechner a fool”: quoted in ibid., 323. 30 Little Book on Life After Death: See ibid., 44. 31 “How much stronger or weaker”: quoted in Stevens 1975, 59. 31 Plateau biography: Ibid., 7; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Plateau. 33 power curve rule can be stated in seven words: Stevens 1975, 16. 33 “As an experimental fact”: Ekman and Sjöberg 1965, quoted in Stevens 1975, 266. 5. Black Is White 34 “tell us how matters stand out there”: Stevens 1975, 18. 34 “For example, is it the differences”: Ibid., 18. 35 “The print in this book looks black”: Ibid., 79. 35 Category and magnitude scales: There is a concise, nontechnical discussion of response scales in Kahneman, Schkade, and Sunstein 1998, 53–55.

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The Price Scale 42 “Smitty was a close man with a dollar”: Miller 1975, 431. 43 “Suppose I were to tell you”: Stevens 1975, 6. 43 $35 to $50: Ibid. 44 Indow study: Ibid., 235–37. 44 Social status: Ibid., 244–45. 44 Seriousness of theft: Ibid., 258–59. 8. Input to Output 49 Mob types: See Tuohy 2001. Goffstein took over the Riviera after his boss, Gus Greenbaum, was murdered by the Chicago mob (apparently). 49 Murphy biography: See Wikipedia entry, “Charles B. G. Murphy,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_B._G._Murphy. Murphy’s Wood Kalb Foundation also supported psychiatry at Yale. 49 He came up with Ward Edwards: Paul Slovic interview, July 1, 2008. 49 Murphy asked to use the Four Queens for experiments: Phillips and von Winterfeldt 2006. 51 “revealed preference”: See Samuelson 1947. 51 “impossible for the behavior”: Simon 1945, 79. 51 “How any grown-up”: quoted in Mirowski 2002, 454. 52 “Do you think the ratio”: Phillips and von Winterfeldt 2006. 53 “was nutty”: Barbara Tversky interview, July 8, 2008. 53 “occasional colorful and forthright behavior”: Phillips and von Winterfeldt 2006. 53 “Ruth’s excellent, if often exotic cooking”: Ibid. 53 Paper titled “Behavioral Decision Theory”: Edwards 1961. 53 (“a marvelous person”): Lichtenstein interview, July 28, 2008. 53 “was actually interested in the economic theories”: Ibid. 53 “comparing incomparables”: cited in Goldstein and Einhorn 1987, 250. 53 “Always choose the bet”: Edwards 1961, describing “A Study of Decision Making Under Risk” by C.

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He doubts there were any profits after expenses. 73 Game unpopular, Ponticello wanted to improve: Slovic interview, July 1, 2008. 74 “The results of this experiment”: Lichtenstein and Slovic 2006, 75. 74 “There is a natural concern”: Ibid. 76 “I call them as I see them”: Tversky and Thaler 1990, 210. 76 “It would be an overstatement”: Lichtenstein and Slovic 2006, xvi. 76 “Each of the blind men was partly right”: See Wikipedia entry, “Blind Men and an Elephant,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Men_and_an_Elephant. 12. Cult of Rationality 77 “If you can’t talk about a preference”: Lichtenstein interview, July 29, 2008. 77 “The first time I talked about it”: Lichtenstein interview, July 28, 2008. 78 “I was very young”: Camerer interview, Nov. 28, 2008. 78 “would get taken advantage of in the markets”: Ibid. 78 Economics and “irrationality”: This capsule history is indebted to the more detailed account in Laibson and Zeckhauser 1998. 78 “to discredit the psychologists’ work”: Grether and Plott 1979, reprinted in Lichtenstein and Slovic 2006, 77. 79 “We knew Charlie Plott”: Lichtenstein interview, July 29, 2008 79 “Plott is pretty good at spotting”: Camerer interview, Nov. 28, 2008. 79 “In a very real sense”: Grether and Plott 1979, reprinted in Lichtenstein and Slovic 2006, 85. 79 “Unsophisticated Subjects,” other hypotheses: Grether and Plott 1979. 80 “amplifier”: Colin Camerer’s word, in Camerer interview, Nov. 28, 2008. 80 Admiring letters from cranks: Ibid. 13.

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Superminds: The Surprising Power of People and Computers Thinking Together
by Thomas W. Malone
Published 14 May 2018

But if you are a stickler for the historical plausibility of hypothetical examples, you may be wondering whether lions and mangoes ever existed together in ancient times as I posited here. The answer is: they probably did. Lions were common in Africa, and so were African mangoes. See Wikipedia, s.v. “lion,” accessed February 11, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion; “Historic vs Present Geographical Distribution of Lions,” Brilliant Maps, April 26, 2016, http://brilliantmaps.com/distribution-of-lions/; Wikipedia, s.v. “Irvingia gabonensis,” accessed February 11, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis. It is less likely that lions would have been in a rainforest, since they typically inhabit grasslands and savannas. But perhaps the imaginary scenarios described here took place near the edge of a rainforest or involved unusual lions who liked rainforests.

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Scott Wong, Irving Lin, Jayanth Komarneni, and Shantanu Nundy, “Machine Classifier Trained on Low-Volume, Structured Data Predicts Diagnoses Near Physician-Level: Chest Pain Case Study,” presented at the 39th annual North American Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making, Pittsburgh, PA, October 22, 2017, https://smdm.confex.com/smdm/2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/11058. CHAPTER 16 1. Erik Eckermann, World History of the Automobile (Warrendale, PA: SAE Press, 2001), 14; Wikipedia, s.v. “Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot,” last modified August 12, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot; Wikipedia, s.v. “history of the automobile,” last modified September 28, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile. 2. Orville C. Cromer and Charles L. Proctor, s.v. “gasoline engine,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, published March 20, 2013, https://www.britannica.com/technology/gasoline-engine/Fuel#toc47239. 3.

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cmp=usbrb&cm=s&csr=watson.site_20140319&cr=work&ct=usbrb301&cn=s1healthcare. 5. Shai Wininger, “The Secret Behind Lemonade’s Instant Insurance,” Lemonade, November 23, 2016, https://stories.lemonade.com/the-secret-behind-lemonades-instant-insurance-3129537d661. 6. Wikipedia, s.v. “Wikipedia:Bots,” accessed August 18, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots. 7. Aniket Kittur, Boris Smus, Susheel Khamkar, and Robert E. Kraut, “CrowdForge: Crowdsourcing Complex Work,” in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New York: ACM Press, 2011), http://smus.com/crowdforge/crowdforge-uist-11.pdf. 8.

Drink?: The New Science of Alcohol and Your Health
by David Nutt
Published 9 Jan 2020

In 2010 The Times Eureka science magazine voted him one of the 100 most important figures in British Science, and the only psychiatrist in the list. In 2013 he was awarded the John Maddox Prize from Nature/Sense about Science for standing up for science and in 2017 a Doctor of Laws hon causa from the University of Bath. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nutt www.sciencemag.org/content/343/6170/478.full www1.imperial.ac.uk/departmentofmedicine/divisions/brainsciences/psychopharmacology DRINK? The New Science of Alcohol and Your Health Professor David Nutt www.yellowkitebooks.co.uk This book contains research findings and the opinions of the author.

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path=/bmj/363/8172/This_Week.full.pdf 3 www.gov.uk/government/news/public-health-england-and-drinkaware-launch-drinkfree-days 4 www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/15/britons-get-drunk-more-often-than-35-other-nations-survey-finds 5 ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/causesofdeath/bulletins/alcoholrelateddeathsintheunitedkingdom/registeredin2017 6 who.int/news-room/detail/21-09-2018-harmful-use-of-alcohol-kills-more-than-3-million-people-each-year-most-of-them-men 7 www.alcoholchange.org.uk/alcohol-facts/fact-sheets/alcohol-statistics 8 digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-alcohol/2019 9 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weihenstephan_Abbey 10 www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3944 11 www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61462-6/fulltext www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25922421 journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881119841569?journalCode=jopa 12 doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27553 How Drinking Affects Your Body and Brain 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216062 2 Additional information from: www.alcohol.org/effects/blood-alcohol-concentration 3 pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9bb9/846bf3eec9fd7b1a37ae6e0e8cc025d34563.pdf 4 foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/the-controversial-story-of-buckfasts-rise-to-prominence-in-scotland 5 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3242494/Revenge-PM-s-snub-billionaire-funded-Tories-years-sparked-explosive-political-book-decade.html 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2426682 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27380261 8 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC543875 9 theconversation.com/lining-your-stomach-with-milk-before-a-big-night-out-and-other-alcohol-myths-88116 10 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm 11 www.researchgate.net/publication/263287740 _Editorial_Can_Hangover_Immunity_be_Really_Claimed 12 www.researchgate.net/publication/26693901 _Are_Some_Drinkers_Resistant_to_Hangover_A_Literature_Review 13 www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p1015-excessive-alcohol.html 14 www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325619.php 15 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230485 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434663 17 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180514095530.htm 18 news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8416431.stm 19 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515685 20 journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050324517741038 The Health Harms of Alcohol 1 www.researchgate.net/publication/235971838_Alcohol_consumption_alcohol_dependence_and_attributable_burden_of_disease_in_Europe_Potential_gains_from_effective_interventions_for_alcohol_dependence 2 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181003102732.htm 3 understandinguncertainty.org/files/2012bmj-microlives.pdf 4 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489795/summary.pdf 5 www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32744-2/fulltext 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27073140 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770105 8 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5843059/NHS-pharmacy-worker-37-died-toxic-poisoning-misjudging-alcohol-measures-holiday.html 9 www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/treatment 10 Personal communication from Professor Nick Sheron 11 eprints.soton.ac.uk/427505/1/1_s2.0_S246826671830241X_main.pdf 12 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992057 13 www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/diseases/alcohol-and-liver-cancer 14 www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/exposures/alcoholic-drinks 15 www.aicr.org/continuous-update-project/reports/breast-cancer-report-2017.pdf 16 www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/exposures/alcoholic-drinks 17 cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/92876/reporting/en 18 www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314539.php 19 www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-673618)31772-0/fulltext 20 www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/8/29/17790118/alcohol-lancet-health-study 21 Milwood et al., 2019 Lancet on Kadoorie study 22 www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.33.2.653 23 www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/strokeaha.108.520817 24 www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(17)30003-8/fulltext 25 www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j2353 26 www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/both-long-term-abstinence-and-heavy-drinking-may-increase-dementia-risk 27 www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.787440 28 www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/health/nih-alcohol-study.html 29 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26294775 30 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29103170 31 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590619 AAA: Alcohol, Accidents and Aggression 1 www.theguardian.com/society/2019/sep/04/violence-nhs-staff-face-routine-assault-intimidation 2 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/827834/drink-drive-final-estimates-2017.pdf 3 www.gov.iruk/government/statistics/reported-road-casualties-in-great-britain-final-estimates-involving-illegal-alcohol-levels-2017 4 webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100921035247/http:/northreview.independent.gov.uk/docs/NorthReview-Report.pdf 5 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814299 6 www.alcoholhelpcenter.net/Program/BAC_Standalone.aspx 7 www.researchgate.net/publication/223136111_Alcohol-Related_Risk_of_Driver_Fatalities_An_Update_Using_2007_Data 8 ibid 9 webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100921035247/http:/northreview.independent.gov.uk/docs/NorthReview-Report.pdf 10 www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/48912 11 etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/report_reducing_drink_driving_final.pdf 12 www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/bloodalcoholcontenteffectivenessreview.pdf 13 eprints.gla.ac.uk/189646 14 www.oisevi.org/a/archivos/estudios-especificos/ong/Union-Europea-Druid-Final-Report.pdf 15 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18955613 16 www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/why-the-effects-of-a-boozy-bank-holiday-binge-could-last-longer-than-you-think 17 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497803 18 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago 19 www.historyextra.com/period/viking/the-truth-about-viking-berserkers 20 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218081624.htm 21 www.inverse.com/article/49228-who-alcohol-report-drinking-deaths 22 www.drinkaware.co.uk/research/data/consequences 23 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353113105000520 24 www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20630771 25 metro.co.uk/2011/06/17/ascot-fight-on-ladies-day-stuns-horse-racing-fans-47597/ 26 alcoholchange.org.uk/publication/are-you-looking-at-me 27 theconversation.com/if-england-gets-beaten-so-will-she-the-link-between-world-cup-and-violence-explained-99769 28 www.ias.org.uk/uploads/IAS%20report%20Alcohol%20domestic%20abuse%20and%20sexual%20assault.pdf What Alcohol Does to Your Mental Health 1 www.nhs.uk/news/mental-health/alcohol-and-depression 2 www.cmaj.ca/content/191/27/E753 3 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh26-2/130-135.htm 4 adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder/social-anxiety-and-alcohol-abuse 5 www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/loss-of-consciousness-and-posttraumatic-stress-disorder/E82CD29771CBD412EBA3D51A896CB059 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3770804 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183241 8 academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/99/1/57/1523792 9 www.verywellmind.com/adult-alcoholism-adhd-connected-63078 10 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/088761859290009V 11 jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/497548 12 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460398000094 13 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6598815 14 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460396000536 15 link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-005-0981-3 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983943 Hormones and Fertility 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1772851 2 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527168 3 www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-research-on-alcohol-intake-and-male-fertility 4 www.bionews.org.uk/page_137273 5 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141002221232.htm 6 ibid 7 www.bmj.com/content/354/bmj.I4262 8 www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14261-8 9 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3367299 10 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170411090205.htm 11 www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/alcohol-medicines-drugs-pregnant 12 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov › publications › arh22-1 13 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181128154000.htm 14 www.nhs.uk/conditions/foetal-alcohol-syndrome 15 bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e022578 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5609722 17 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445685 18 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_South_African_Wine_Initiative#cite_note-AFP-2 19 www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/may/27/mothers-children-foetal-alcohol-syndrome-south-africa 20 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170821122756.htm 21 ibid 22 www.cochrane.org/CD011445/PREG_ethanol-alcohol-preventing-preterm-birth 23 academic.oup.com/humupd/article/22/4/516/2573866 24 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500807 25 www.breastcancer.org/research-news/20080311 26 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171107092906.htm 27 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118767 28 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453011003350 29 www.pnas.org/content/pnas/early/2009/06/26/0812809106.full.pdf 30 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30738971 How Alcohol Affects Your Quality of Life 1 www.nhs.uk/apps-library/sleepio 2 science.howstuffworks.com/life/sleep-obesity1.htm 3 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170420114020.htm 4 jech.bmj.com/content/71/12/1177 5 www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/47131 6 www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/the-incredible-shrinking-man-5544531.html 7 www.euro.who.int/–data/assets/pdf_file/0018/319122/Public-health-successes-and-missed-opportunities-alcohol-mortality-19902014.pdf 8 www.researchgate.net/publication/26314858_Beer_consumption_and_the_‘beer_belly’_Scientific_basis_or_common_belief 9 www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(17)30089-0.pdf 10 https://www.alcoholpolicy.net/2019/06/a-new-report-from-the-institute-of-alcohol-studies-ias-says-the-cost-of-hangovers-is-up-to-14-billion-a-year-with-as-ma.html 11 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180825124245.htm 12 medicalxpress.com/news/2019-08-hangovers-brain-function.html 13 www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/lifestyle/can-alcohol-affect-sports-performance-and-fitness-levels 14 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4629692 15 www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/tony-adams-life-alcoholic-knew-play-football-didnt-know 16 www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-47864761 17 www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-news-nitrous-oxide-laughing-gas-latest-ozil-lacazette-guendouzi-aubameyang-video-club-a8672061.html 18 www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-3037536/Raheem-Sterling-filmed-taking-hippy-crack-just-days-pictures-Liverpool-star-smoking-shisha-pipe.html 19 www.theguardian.com/science/sifting-the-evidence/2015/nov/17/sex-does-alcohol-really-make-you-better-in-bed 20 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1403295 21 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160804141034.htm 22 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160918214439.htm 23 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205011611830120X 24 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917074 25 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140328102907.htm 26 www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2016/03/22/wine-and-sleep-make-for-better-decisions/#38f815a824b1 27 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810016303713 28 www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2016/03/22/wine-and-sleep-make-for-better-decisions/#38f815a824b1 29 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum_ration 30 www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/darts/6637884/Andy-Fordham-I-became-world-darts-champion-despite-never-being-sober.html 31 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2794310/drunk-belgian-anaesthetist-killed-british-mother-caesarean-told-police-need-vodka-don-t-shake.html 32 www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/03/british-woman-dies-botched-caesarean-france 33 www.bmj.com/content/2/5103/993 34 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117735687 Addiction: Have I Got an Alcohol Problem?

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journalCode=jopa 12 doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27553 How Drinking Affects Your Body and Brain 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216062 2 Additional information from: www.alcohol.org/effects/blood-alcohol-concentration 3 pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9bb9/846bf3eec9fd7b1a37ae6e0e8cc025d34563.pdf 4 foodanddrink.scotsman.com/drink/the-controversial-story-of-buckfasts-rise-to-prominence-in-scotland 5 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3242494/Revenge-PM-s-snub-billionaire-funded-Tories-years-sparked-explosive-political-book-decade.html 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2426682 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27380261 8 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC543875 9 theconversation.com/lining-your-stomach-with-milk-before-a-big-night-out-and-other-alcohol-myths-88116 10 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm 11 www.researchgate.net/publication/263287740 _Editorial_Can_Hangover_Immunity_be_Really_Claimed 12 www.researchgate.net/publication/26693901 _Are_Some_Drinkers_Resistant_to_Hangover_A_Literature_Review 13 www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p1015-excessive-alcohol.html 14 www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325619.php 15 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230485 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434663 17 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180514095530.htm 18 news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8416431.stm 19 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515685 20 journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2050324517741038 The Health Harms of Alcohol 1 www.researchgate.net/publication/235971838_Alcohol_consumption_alcohol_dependence_and_attributable_burden_of_disease_in_Europe_Potential_gains_from_effective_interventions_for_alcohol_dependence 2 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181003102732.htm 3 understandinguncertainty.org/files/2012bmj-microlives.pdf 4 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/489795/summary.pdf 5 www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32744-2/fulltext 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27073140 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15770105 8 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5843059/NHS-pharmacy-worker-37-died-toxic-poisoning-misjudging-alcohol-measures-holiday.html 9 www.nhs.uk/conditions/alcohol-related-liver-disease-arld/treatment 10 Personal communication from Professor Nick Sheron 11 eprints.soton.ac.uk/427505/1/1_s2.0_S246826671830241X_main.pdf 12 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992057 13 www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/diseases/alcohol-and-liver-cancer 14 www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/exposures/alcoholic-drinks 15 www.aicr.org/continuous-update-project/reports/breast-cancer-report-2017.pdf 16 www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/exposures/alcoholic-drinks 17 cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/92876/reporting/en 18 www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314539.php 19 www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-673618)31772-0/fulltext 20 www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/8/29/17790118/alcohol-lancet-health-study 21 Milwood et al., 2019 Lancet on Kadoorie study 22 www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.HYP.33.2.653 23 www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/strokeaha.108.520817 24 www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(17)30003-8/fulltext 25 www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j2353 26 www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/both-long-term-abstinence-and-heavy-drinking-may-increase-dementia-risk 27 www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.787440 28 www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/health/nih-alcohol-study.html 29 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26294775 30 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29103170 31 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590619 AAA: Alcohol, Accidents and Aggression 1 www.theguardian.com/society/2019/sep/04/violence-nhs-staff-face-routine-assault-intimidation 2 assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/827834/drink-drive-final-estimates-2017.pdf 3 www.gov.iruk/government/statistics/reported-road-casualties-in-great-britain-final-estimates-involving-illegal-alcohol-levels-2017 4 webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100921035247/http:/northreview.independent.gov.uk/docs/NorthReview-Report.pdf 5 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4814299 6 www.alcoholhelpcenter.net/Program/BAC_Standalone.aspx 7 www.researchgate.net/publication/223136111_Alcohol-Related_Risk_of_Driver_Fatalities_An_Update_Using_2007_Data 8 ibid 9 webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100921035247/http:/northreview.independent.gov.uk/docs/NorthReview-Report.pdf 10 www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/48912 11 etsc.eu/wp-content/uploads/report_reducing_drink_driving_final.pdf 12 www.ias.org.uk/uploads/pdf/bloodalcoholcontenteffectivenessreview.pdf 13 eprints.gla.ac.uk/189646 14 www.oisevi.org/a/archivos/estudios-especificos/ong/Union-Europea-Druid-Final-Report.pdf 15 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18955613 16 www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/why-the-effects-of-a-boozy-bank-holiday-binge-could-last-longer-than-you-think 17 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20497803 18 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago 19 www.historyextra.com/period/viking/the-truth-about-viking-berserkers 20 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218081624.htm 21 www.inverse.com/article/49228-who-alcohol-report-drinking-deaths 22 www.drinkaware.co.uk/research/data/consequences 23 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1353113105000520 24 www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20630771 25 metro.co.uk/2011/06/17/ascot-fight-on-ladies-day-stuns-horse-racing-fans-47597/ 26 alcoholchange.org.uk/publication/are-you-looking-at-me 27 theconversation.com/if-england-gets-beaten-so-will-she-the-link-between-world-cup-and-violence-explained-99769 28 www.ias.org.uk/uploads/IAS%20report%20Alcohol%20domestic%20abuse%20and%20sexual%20assault.pdf What Alcohol Does to Your Mental Health 1 www.nhs.uk/news/mental-health/alcohol-and-depression 2 www.cmaj.ca/content/191/27/E753 3 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh26-2/130-135.htm 4 adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder/social-anxiety-and-alcohol-abuse 5 www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/loss-of-consciousness-and-posttraumatic-stress-disorder/E82CD29771CBD412EBA3D51A896CB059 6 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3770804 7 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183241 8 academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/99/1/57/1523792 9 www.verywellmind.com/adult-alcoholism-adhd-connected-63078 10 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/088761859290009V 11 jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/497548 12 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460398000094 13 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6598815 14 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460396000536 15 link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-005-0981-3 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983943 Hormones and Fertility 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1772851 2 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527168 3 www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-research-on-alcohol-intake-and-male-fertility 4 www.bionews.org.uk/page_137273 5 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141002221232.htm 6 ibid 7 www.bmj.com/content/354/bmj.I4262 8 www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14261-8 9 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3367299 10 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170411090205.htm 11 www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/alcohol-medicines-drugs-pregnant 12 pubs.niaaa.nih.gov › publications › arh22-1 13 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181128154000.htm 14 www.nhs.uk/conditions/foetal-alcohol-syndrome 15 bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e022578 16 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5609722 17 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445685 18 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_South_African_Wine_Initiative#cite_note-AFP-2 19 www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/may/27/mothers-children-foetal-alcohol-syndrome-south-africa 20 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170821122756.htm 21 ibid 22 www.cochrane.org/CD011445/PREG_ethanol-alcohol-preventing-preterm-birth 23 academic.oup.com/humupd/article/22/4/516/2573866 24 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500807 25 www.breastcancer.org/research-news/20080311 26 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171107092906.htm 27 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24118767 28 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306453011003350 29 www.pnas.org/content/pnas/early/2009/06/26/0812809106.full.pdf 30 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30738971 How Alcohol Affects Your Quality of Life 1 www.nhs.uk/apps-library/sleepio 2 science.howstuffworks.com/life/sleep-obesity1.htm 3 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170420114020.htm 4 jech.bmj.com/content/71/12/1177 5 www.sussex.ac.uk/broadcast/read/47131 6 www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/the-incredible-shrinking-man-5544531.html 7 www.euro.who.int/–data/assets/pdf_file/0018/319122/Public-health-successes-and-missed-opportunities-alcohol-mortality-19902014.pdf 8 www.researchgate.net/publication/26314858_Beer_consumption_and_the_‘beer_belly’_Scientific_basis_or_common_belief 9 www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpub/PIIS2468-2667(17)30089-0.pdf 10 https://www.alcoholpolicy.net/2019/06/a-new-report-from-the-institute-of-alcohol-studies-ias-says-the-cost-of-hangovers-is-up-to-14-billion-a-year-with-as-ma.html 11 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180825124245.htm 12 medicalxpress.com/news/2019-08-hangovers-brain-function.html 13 www.drinkaware.co.uk/alcohol-facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/lifestyle/can-alcohol-affect-sports-performance-and-fitness-levels 14 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4629692 15 www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/tony-adams-life-alcoholic-knew-play-football-didnt-know 16 www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-47864761 17 www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-news-nitrous-oxide-laughing-gas-latest-ozil-lacazette-guendouzi-aubameyang-video-club-a8672061.html 18 www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-3037536/Raheem-Sterling-filmed-taking-hippy-crack-just-days-pictures-Liverpool-star-smoking-shisha-pipe.html 19 www.theguardian.com/science/sifting-the-evidence/2015/nov/17/sex-does-alcohol-really-make-you-better-in-bed 20 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1403295 21 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160804141034.htm 22 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160918214439.htm 23 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205011611830120X 24 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917074 25 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140328102907.htm 26 www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2016/03/22/wine-and-sleep-make-for-better-decisions/#38f815a824b1 27 www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810016303713 28 www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2016/03/22/wine-and-sleep-make-for-better-decisions/#38f815a824b1 29 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum_ration 30 www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/darts/6637884/Andy-Fordham-I-became-world-darts-champion-despite-never-being-sober.html 31 www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2794310/drunk-belgian-anaesthetist-killed-british-mother-caesarean-told-police-need-vodka-don-t-shake.html 32 www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/03/british-woman-dies-botched-caesarean-france 33 www.bmj.com/content/2/5103/993 34 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117735687 Addiction: Have I Got an Alcohol Problem?

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Designing for the Social Web
by Joshua Porter
Published 18 May 2008

The Attention Economy, as it has come to be called, is all about the exchange of attention in a world where it is increasingly scarce. Much of what we do on the web is about this exchange of attention. To circle back to the reviews at Amazon, it is deﬁnitely about more than money: it’s about attention. 8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_economy CHAPTER 1 THE RISE OF THE SOCIAL WEB At its very core, social software is about connecting people virtually who already have relationships in the physical world. That’s why MySpace and Facebook are so popular. What do most people do on those sites when they sign up?

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Starting with the social software precursors mentioned above, the web has evolved toward more mature social software. What follows is a very abridged history of the web from a social software point of 9 For more insight into the reasons why people use MySpace, read Danah Boyd’s: Identity Production in a Networked Culture: Why Youth Heart MySpace http://www.danah.org/papers/AAAS2006.html 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email 11 Super cool link: Tim Berners-Lee announcing the World Wide Web on Usenet: http://groups.google. com/group/alt.hypertext/msg/395f282a67a1916c 13 14 DESIGNING FOR THE SOCIAL WEB view. This is important because our audiences, except the youngest ones, have lived through and experienced this history and it shapes their expectations.

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Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process. Moreover, even when the destructive effects of their work become patently clear, and they are asked to carry out actions incompatible with fundamental standards of morality, relatively few people have the resources needed to resist authority.3 3 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment for the fascinating details of the Milgram experiment. CHAPTER 4 DESIGN FOR SIGN-UP Authority works because it makes people pay attention. The mere fact that Seth Godin uses this software is impressive. But notice, too, that this element doesn’t overplay Godin’s involvement.

Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge
by Cass R. Sunstein
Published 23 Aug 2006

For those interested in the original WikiWikiWeb site, the place to go is http:/c2.com/cgi/wiki; it includes many thousands of pages with discussions of software design. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid., 17. 5. All quotations from the Wikipedia site are available via http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page. 252 / Notes to Pages 140–50 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Replies_to_common_ objections. 7. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Stop_hand.png. 8. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category: NPOV_disputes. 9. Taken from http://www.lessig.org/blog/archives/003012.shtml. 10. See “A Wiki For Your Thoughts” (June 17, 2005), available at http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/opinion/la-edwiki17jun17,1,1789326.story. 11.

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See James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations (New York: Doubleday, 2004). 2. John Zajc, “This Week in SABR” (Society for American Baseball Research, Cleveland, Ohio), Oct. 9, 2004 (Results of playoff prediction survey), available at http://www.sabr.org/ sabr.cfm?a=cms,c,1123,3,212. 3. The story is told in “Kasparov Against the World,” http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasparov_versus_The_World. 4. See Cass R. Sunstein et al., “Assessing Punitive Damages,” Yale Law Journal 107 (1998): 2095–99 (showing that small groups often reflect judgments of community as whole, at least when their judgments are made on a bounded scale). 5. See Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, “The Anatomy of a LargeScale Hypertextual Web Search Engine,” Computer Networks & ISDN System 30 (1998): 107–10, available at http://dbpubs .stanford.edu:8090/pub/1998–8. 6.

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See “A Wiki For Your Thoughts” (June 17, 2005), available at http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/opinion/la-edwiki17jun17,1,1789326.story. 11. See Where is the Wikitorial? (undated), available at http:// www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-wiki-splash,0, 1349109.story. 12. For the full story, and the final version, see http://en.wikipedia. org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Improve_this_article_about_ Wikipedia&direction=next&oldid=23806738. 13. See http://www.liswiki.com/wiki/Main_Page. 14. http://www.ssrc.org/wiki/POSA/index.php?title=Main_Page. 15. See ibid. 16. http://www.worldwindcentral.com/wiki/World_Wind. 17. See “Email Is So Five Minutes Ago,” Business Week, Nov. 28, 2005. 18.

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Conscious Capitalism, With a New Preface by the Authors: Liberating the Heroic Spirit of Business
by John Mackey , Rajendra Sisodia and Bill George
Published 7 Jan 2014

.§ * Vineet Nayar, Employees First, Customers Second: Turning Conventional Management Upside Down (Boston: Harvard Business Press, 2010); see also Gary Hamel, The Future of Management (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2007). † Nayar, Employees First, Customers Second. § HCL Technologies, Annual Report (US GAAP), 2005–2006; and Wikipedia, s.v. “HCL Technologies,” last modified June 24, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCL_Technologies. A Journey Worth Taking Building a conscious business is a challenging but wonderfully rewarding and meaningful undertaking, whether such a business is created from scratch or is the outcome of a transformation. We recognize that many leaders have become weary of change.

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“South Korea GDP,” Trading Economics Web page, n.d., www.tradingeconomics.com/south-korea/gdp. 5. Matt Rosenberg, “Current World Population,” About.com, January 1, 2011, http://geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/worldpopulation.htm. 6. Wikipedia, s. v. “life expectancy,” last modified June 5, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision, CD-ROM ed. (New York: United Nations, 2011). 7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “Hunger,” Web portal, 2012, www.fao.org/hunger/en/; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The State of Food Insecurity in the World (Rome: FAO, 2010); Population Reference Bureau, 2010 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, D.C.: Population Reference Bureau, 2010). 8.

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Jack Hollander, The Real Environmental Crisis: Why Poverty, Not Affluence, Is the Environment’s Number One Enemy (Berkeley: University of California, 2004). Chapter Eleven 1. Sam Walton, Made in America (New York: Bantam, 1993). 2. Wikipedia, s.v. “labor unions in the United States,” last modified June 8, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States; Morgan Reynolds, “A History of Labor Unions from Colonial Times to 2009,” Mises Daily (Ludwig von Mises Institute), July 17, 2009, http://mises.org/daily/3553#part12. 3. Ibid. 4. Steven Greenhut, Plunder: How Public Employee Unions Are Raiding Treasuries, Controlling Our Lives and Bankrupting the Nation (Santa Ana, Calif.: Forum Press, 2009). 5.

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Debunking Economics - Revised, Expanded and Integrated Edition: The Naked Emperor Dethroned?
by Steve Keen
Published 21 Sep 2011

7 The actual equations were: ‘the rate of change of x with respect to time equals the constant a multiplied by (y–z); the rate of change of y with respect to time equals x multiplied by (b–z) minus y; the rate of change of z with respect to time equals (x multiplied by y) minus (c multiplied by z).’ 8 I use chapter and section references for Marx, rather than page numbers, since his work is now freely accessible via the Internet from the site www.marxists.org/archive/marx/. 9 The two equations are linked, because workers’ wage demands depend on the rate of employment, while investment – which determines the rate of growth – depends on income distribution (a higher workers’ share means lower profits, and hence lower investment). 10 For more details, see the Wikipedia entries en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_flow_block_diagram, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_function, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_space_(controls) and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_engineering. Chapter 10 1 he became Fed chairman in February 2006, having briefly served as chairman of the president’s Council of economic advisers before that. 2 more strictly, a market demand curve can have any shape that can be described by a polynomial equation.

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It is properly defined by the Wiktionary (en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ergodic), and the Wikipedia entry on ergodic Theory (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ergodic_theory) makes the important point that ‘For the special class of ergodic systems, the time average is the same for almost all initial points: statistically speaking, the system that evolves for a long time “forgets” its initial state.’ This is not the case for complex or chaotic models, which show ‘sensitive dependence on initial conditions’ (see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory). 35 I can think of no more apt term to describe the group that led the campaign to make macroeconomics a branch of neoclassical microeconomics.

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To regard someone who has worked only one hour in a week as employed is simply absurd – at least fifteen hours of work at the minimum wage are needed to be paid even the equivalent of unemployment benefits. Similar distortions apply in other countries. The USA, for example, ceases counting someone as unemployed if they have been out of work for more than a year – a change in definition introduced in 1994 (see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment# United_States_Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_Population _Survey#Employment_classification for more details). Abuses of statistics like this have prompted private citizens to record what official statistics ignore. The opinion-polling organization Roy Morgan Research (www.roymorgan.com.au/) now publishes its own survey of Australian unemployment, which it puts at 7.9 percent versus the recorded figure of 5.5 percent (the not-seasonally-adjusted figure as of January 2011).

pages: 520 words: 129,887

Power Hungry: The Myths of "Green" Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future
by Robert Bryce
Published 26 Apr 2011

Africa 15 Indonesia Australia 16 Turkey Mexico 17 Iran Taiwan 18 Australia Iran 19 Taiwan Turkey 20 Netherlands Saudi Arabia Sources: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009, http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2008/STAGING/local_assets/2009_downloads/renewables_section_2009.pdf; Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook (data retrieved via Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP). From Pearl Street to EveryGenerator.com: A Story of Rising Power Density and Falling Costs Electricity and electricity generation have become so commonplace that we forget just how cheap electricity has become. But a comparison of the hardware used by Edison with today’s generators brings the enormous improvements made over the past century into focus.

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Mills, The Bottomless Well: The Twilight of Fuel, the Virtue of Waste, and Why We Will Never Run Out of Energy (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 27. 3 Marshall Brain, “How Horsepower Works,” n.d., http://www.howstuffworks.com/horsepower.htm/printable. 4 Joule invented the British Thermal Unit (Btu). 5 One joule is the amount of energy needed to move an object with a force of 1 newton (N) over a distance of 1 meter (m). The newton is a unit of force named after Isaac Newton. One watt is equal to 1 joule per second (1 W = 1 J/s). Americans are well acquainted with the watt from buying lightbulbs, hair dryers, and various other appliances. 6 Wikipedia, “Joule,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule. 7 Richard A. Muller, Physics for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines (New York: W. W. Norton, 2008), 72. 8 Renewableenergyworld.com, “US Geothermal Capacity Could Top 10 GW,” October 2, 2009, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2009/10/us-geothermal-capacity-could-top-10-gw. 9 Arnulf Grübler, “Transitions in Energy Use,” Encyclopedia of Earth, 2008, http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_transitions, 163. 10 Energy-density metrics for area are uncommon. 11 John Pearley Huffman, “Generations,” May 8, 2003, http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=93327#3. 12 “2010 Ford Fusion Review,” n.d., http://www.edmunds.com/ford/fusion/2010/review.html. 13 Here’s the math.

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scp=2&sq=mouawad%20and%20electricity&st=cse. 17 International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2008, 180. 18 Ibid., 390. 19 Boeing Integrated Defense Systems, “Apollo 11 Factoids,” n.d., http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/apollo11/factoids.html. 20 Announced by an unnamed American Airlines pilot during Dallas to Austin flight, July 11, 2009. 21 John Kiewicz, “Top Fuel by the Numbers,” Motor Trend, February 2005, http://sciencececc.ep.profweb.qc.ca/physique/Documents/Mecanique/Top_Fuel_by_the_Numbers.pdf. 22 Federation of American Scientists, n.d., http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m1.htm. 23 CarandDriver.com, “We Drive a Honda F1 Car—The Big Day,” n.d., http://www.caranddriver.com/features/09q1/we_drive_a_honda_f1_car-sport/the_big_day_page_3. 24 MotorTrend.com, n.d., http://www.motortrend.com/new_cars/04/ferrari/f430/index.html. 25 InternetAutoguide, n.d., http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/1999/acura/tl/index.html. 26 “2010 Ford Fusion Review.” 27 John Pearley Huffman, “Generations,” May 8, 2003, http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=93327#3. 28 Calculated by author from home A/C unit, which draws 19.2 amps at 220 volts, for 4,224 watts. 29 Wikipedia, “Honda Super Cub,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Super_Cub. 30 Based on author’s personal Yard Machines lawnmower. 31 Measured at author’s home with a Kill A Watt, August 27, 2009. 32 “Home Wattage Calculator,” n.d., http://www.poweredgenerators.com/wattage-calculator.html. This source puts a toaster at 1,250 watts. 33 Ben Hewitt, “Tour de Lance,” Wired, July 2004, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.07/armstrong.html. 34 “Home Wattage Calculator,” n.d., http://www.poweredgenerators.com/wattage-calculator.html.

pages: 511 words: 111,423

Learning SPARQL
by Bob Ducharme
Published 22 Jul 2011

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For our experiments, we’ll stick with “Browse” as our result format. I want DBpedia to give me a list of albums produced by the hip-hop producer Timbaland and the artists who made those albums. If Wikipedia has a page for “Some Topic” at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Some_Topic, the DBpedia URI to represent that resource is usually http://dbpedia.org/resource/Some_Topic. So, after finding the Wikipedia page for the producer at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbaland, I sent a browser to http://dbpedia.org/resource/Timbaland. I found plenty of data there, so I knew that this was the right URI to represent him in queries. (The browser was actually redirected to http://dbpedia.org/page/Timbaland, because when a browser asks for the information, DBpedia redirects it to the HTML version of the data.)

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pages: 521 words: 110,286

Them and Us: How Immigrants and Locals Can Thrive Together
by Philippe Legrain
Published 14 Oct 2020

Accessed on 24 January 2020 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density 48 Alan W. Evans and Oliver Marc Hartwich, ‘The best laid plans: How planning prevents economic growth’, Policy Exchange, 2007. https://www.policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/the-best-laid-plans-jan-07.pdf 49 Liam Halligan, ‘How to fix Britain’s housebuilding problem’, Financial Times, 14 February 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/a63013ea-4da1-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5 50 ‘List of English districts by population density’, Wikipedia. Accessed on 24 January 2020 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population_density 51 Philippe Legrain, European Spring: Why Our Economies and Politics are in a Mess – and How to Put Them Right, CB Books, 2014. 52 In the UK, migrants were much more likely to be in private rented accommodation (39 percent) than people born in Britain (14 percent) and much less likely to be homeowners (43 percent) than the UK-born (68 percent), Office for National Statistics, ‘Labour Force Survey, 2015, Q1’. 53 See, for instance, Christian Hilber, ‘UK Housing and Planning Policies’, CEP Election Analysis 3, 2015. http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/EA033.pdf 54 Liam Halligan, ‘How to fix Britain’s housebuilding problem’, Financial Times, 14 February 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/a63013ea-4da1-11ea-95a0-43d18ec715f5 55 Christian Hilber and Wouter Vermeulen, ‘The extraordinarily rigid planning system is the main reason homes in England are unaffordable’, LSE British Politics and Policy, 12 March 2016. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/three-reasons-homes-in-england-are-unaffordable/ 56 Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri, ‘Rethinking the effect of immigration on wages’ Journal of the European Economic Association, 10:1, 2012, pp. 152–97. https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-abstract/10/1/152/2182016?

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Williamson, ‘Global Migration’. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2006/09/williams.htm 15 Amy J. Lloyd, ‘Emigration, Immigration and Migration in Nineteenth-Century Britain’, British Library Newspapers, Gale, 2007. https://www.gale.com/binaries/content/assets/gale-us-en/primary-sources/intl-gps/intl-gps-essays/full-ghn-contextual-essays/ghn_essay_bln_lloyd1_website.pdf 16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdom 17 Kevin H. O’Rourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy, MIT, 1999. 18 Adam McKeown, ‘Global Migration, 1846–1940’, Journal of World History, 15:2, 2004, pp. 155–89. 19 Oriana Bandiera, Imran Rasul and Martina Viarengo, ‘The Making of Modern America: Migratory Flows in the Age of Mass Migration’, Journal of Development Economics, 102, 2013, pp. 23–47. 20 Quoted in John Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State, Cambridge, 2000. 3 Post-1945 Migration 1 Richard Cavendish, ‘Arrival of SS Empire Windrush’, History Today, 48:6, June 1998. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/arrival-ss-empire-windrush 2 David Olusoga, ‘The Windrush story was not a rosy one even before the ship arrived’, Guardian, 22 April 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/22/windrush-story-not-a-rosy-one-even-before-ship-arrived 3 Marc Wadsworth, ‘Sam King obituary’, Guardian, 30 June 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jun/30/sam-king-obituary 4 Rachel Sylvester, ‘Both sides now: inside the rise of Sajid Javid’, Prospect, 27 January 2019. https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/both-sides-now-inside-the-rise-of-sajid-javid 5 Dave Hill, ‘Zac Versus Sadiq: The Fight to Become London Mayor’, Double Q, 2016. 6 Henry McDonald, ‘Leo Varadkar, gay son of Indian immigrant, to be next Irish PM’, Guardian, 2 June 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/02/leo-varadkar-becomes-irelands-prime-minister-elect 7 ONS, ‘Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality.

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id=29770 14 ‘Facing Facts: The impact of migrants on London, its workforce and its economy’, PWC and London First, March 2017. https://www.londonfirst.co.uk/sites/default/files/documents/2018-04/Facing-Facts.pdf 15 Paul McQueen, ‘The Famous Fashion Designers Behind Paris’s Biggest Fashion Houses’, Culture Trip, 1 July 2019. https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/paris/articles/the-leading-creatives-behind-paris-most-famous-fashion-houses/ 16 ‘List of highest-grossing films’, Wikipedia. Accessed on 23 January 2020 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films 17 In 2010, 5.31 percent of highly educated residents aged twenty-five and older had emigrated, compared with 1.29 percent of those with medium skills and 1.4 percent of those with low skills. ‘The IAB brain-drain data’, IAB. Accessed on 23 January 2020 at http://www.iab.de/en/daten/iab-brain-drain-data.aspx 18 Carsten Fink and Ernest Miguelez, ‘Measuring the International Mobility of Inventors: A New Database’, WIPO Economic Research Working Paper 8, 2013. https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_econstat_wp_8.pdf 19 ‘List of Nobel laureates’, Wikipedia.

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The Nature of Software Development: Keep It Simple, Make It Valuable, Build It Piece by Piece
by Ron Jeffries
Published 14 Aug 2015

We will see what it takes to deploy, monitor, and intervene with systems running in production. Footnotes [22] http://www.squid-cache.org [23] http://www.haproxy.org [24] http://httpd.apache.org [25] https://nginx.org [26] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%27s_law [27] http://www.perfdynamics.com/Tools/PDQ.html [28] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol#Destination_unreachable [29] http://zookeeper.apache.org [30] https://coreos.com/etcd [31] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem [32] https://medium.com/@Pinterest_Engineering/zookeeper-resilience-at-pinterest-adfd8acf2a6b [33] https://www.consul.io Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

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That’s in contrast to designing for change inside the software but disregarding the act of making that change live in production. Footnotes [83] http://www.itworld.com/article/2832818/it-management/the-day-a-software-bug-almost-killed-the-spirit-rover.html [84] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDCA [85] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OODA_loop [86] http://www.laputan.org/mud [87] http://scs-architecture.org [88] http://www.winchestermysteryhouse.com [89] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Mystery_House [90] http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2979&context=compsci [91] https://martinfowler.com/articles/201701-event-driven.html [92] http://kafka.apache.org Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

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It’s time to emerge from this vale of shadows into the light. It’s time to talk about the stability patterns you can apply to protect your software. Footnotes [3] http://venturebeat.com/2016/07/27/facebook-passes-1-billion-mobile-daily-active-users [4] http://www.wireshark.org [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_reference [6] http://www.memcached.org [7] http://www.redis.io [8] http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/appendix/notes.html#h-B.4.1.1 [9] http://www.arin.net [10] http://www.oracle.com/applications/customer-experience/ecommerce/products/commerce-platform/index.html [11] http://www.reddit.com/r/announcements/comments/4y0m56/why_reddit_was_down_on_aug_11 [12] http://zookeeper.apache.org [13] http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_iv/otm_iv_4.html#5 Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

pages: 328 words: 84,682

The Business of Platforms: Strategy in the Age of Digital Competition, Innovation, and Power
by Michael A. Cusumano , Annabelle Gawer and David B. Yoffie
Published 6 May 2019

Norton, 2016). 3.“Track Gauge in the United States,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States (accessed April 26, 2018). 4.For one source on the history, see AT&T, “Evolution of the SBC and AT&T Brands: A Pictorial Timeline,” http://www.att.com/Common/files/pdf/logo_evolution_factsheet.pdf (accessed April 26, 2018). 5.The concept of network externalities was apparently first introduced in the 1908 Bell Telephone annual report by the CEO, Theodore Vail, according to “Network Effect,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect (accessed April 26, 2018). The most influential early technical paper on the economics of network externalities in the communications industry is Jeffrey Rohlfs, “A Theory of Interdependent Demand for a Communications Service,” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 5, no. 1 (Spring 1974): 16–37.

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In this and other papers, the concept of network externalities was used to justify pricing the service low enough (below cost, for example), especially to new users, to achieve universal coverage, that is, with old users (especially in cities) subsidizing new users (especially in rural areas), on the assumption that everyone in the network potentially benefits from each additional user. 6.Michael DeGusta, “Are Smart Phones Spreading Faster than Any Technology in Human History?” MIT Technology Review, May 9, 2012. 7.See “Telephone Directory,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_directory (accessed April 26, 2018). 8.We describe the concept of “free but not free” in Michael A. Cusumano and David B. Yoffie, Competing on Internet Time: Lessons from Netscape and Its Battle with Microsoft (New York: Free Press/Simon & Schuster, 1998), 100. 9.For the history of the Yellow Pages, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_pages (accessed April 26, 2018). 10.Evan D. White and Michael F. Sheehan, “Monopoly, the Holding Company, and Asset Stripping: The Case of the Yellow Pages,” Journal of Economic Issues 26, no. 1 (March 1992): 159–82. 11.Michael J. de la Merced, “AT&T Sells Majority Stake in Yellow Pages to Cerberus,” New York Times, April 9, 2012. 12.To offer your product or service as a “core” or an essential ingredient in a solution to an industry-wide problem is a strategy that, in previous writings, we have called “coring.”

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utm_medium=organic&utm_source=google_rich_qa&utm_campaign=google_rich_qa (accessed May 21, 2018). 7.Yoffie and Cusumano, Strategy Rules, 114. 8.Mathew Rosenberg and Sheera Frenkel, “Facebook’s Role in Data Misuse Sets Off a Storm on Two Continents,” New York Times, March 18, 2018; and Katrin Benhold, “Germany Acts to Tame Facebook, Learning from Its Own History of Hate,” New York Times, May 19, 2018. 9.Politico Staff, “Full Text: Mark Zuckerberg’s Wednesday Testimony to Congress on Cambridge Analytica,” Politico, April 11, 2018, https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/09/transcript-mark-zuckerberg-testimony-to-congress-on-cambridge-analytica-509978 (accessed May 15, 2018). 10.See “List of Unicorn Start-Up Companies,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unicorn_start-up_companies (accessed May 21, 2018). 11.Brian X. Chen, “Google’s File on Me Was Huge. Here’s Why It Wasn’t as Creepy as My Facebook Data,” New York Times, May 16, 2018. 12.See Lina Khan, “Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox,” Yale Law Journal 126, no. 3 (January 2017): 710–805; and “How Many Products Does Amazon Sell?

pages: 244 words: 20,327

Structuring Backbone Code With RequireJS and Marionette Modules
by David Sulc

You’ll now understand how region definitions work (line 16): the key on the left is what we call our region within our Marionette application, while the value on the right is a jQuery selector present in our page. In other words, by declaring a region with mainRegion: "#main-region", we’re saying that calling ²¹http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_concerns ²²https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_objects Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> Displaying a Static View 9 ContactManager.mainRegion.show(staticView); means “put the contents of staticView inside the element corresponding to the jQuery selector #main-region”.

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You’ll notice that we’ve got some special <%= %> tags in there. These serve the same purpose as in many templating languages (ERB in Rails, PHP, JSP, etc.): they allow the templating engine to interpret them and include the resulting output within the rendered result. By default, Marionette ²⁷http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller ²⁸http://backbonejs.org/#Model Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> Displaying a Model 16 uses Underscore’s templating engine²⁹ where <%= %> means output will be displayed, and <% %> tags which allow arbitrary javascript to be executed (such as an if condition).

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Instead, let’s leverage events (line 6): Triggering an event in assets/js/app.js 1 2 3 ContactManager.on("initialize:after", function(){ if(Backbone.history){ Backbone.history.start(); 4 if(this.getCurrentRoute() === ""){ ContactManager.trigger("contacts:list"); } 5 6 7 8 9 } }); Then, we update the URL fragement and call the appropriate action within our controller by listening for that same event (lines 15-18): Responding to the navigation event in assets/js/apps/contacts/contacts_app.js 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ContactManager.module("ContactsApp", function(ContactsApp, ContactManager, Backbone, Marionette, $, _){ ContactsApp.Router = Marionette.AppRouter.extend({ appRoutes: { "contacts": "listContacts" } }); 8 9 10 11 12 13 var API = { listContacts: function(){ ContactsApp.List.Controller.listContacts(); } }; 14 ⁸⁸http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com> Implementing Routing 15 16 17 18 79 ContactManager.on("contacts:list", function(){ ContactManager.navigate("contacts"); API.listContacts(); }); 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ContactManager.addInitializer(function(){ new ContactsApp.Router({ controller: API }); }); }); Much better!

pages: 516 words: 116,875

Greater: Britain After the Storm
by Penny Mordaunt and Chris Lewis
Published 19 May 2021

lang=en 27 https://www.statista.com/statistics/940867/number-of-banks-in-europe-by-country/ 28 https://www.gfmag.com/magazine/november-2019/worlds-safest-banks-2019 29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_law_firms_by_revenue 30 https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56263582 31 https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/robert-peston-itv-says-declining-trust-in-bbc-is-bad-for-all-impartial-news-providers/ 32 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_London 33 https://www.france24.com/en/20170222-france-uk-macron-takes-presidential-campaign-london-meets-theresa-may 34 https://www.centreforcities.org/press/london-generating-30-uk-economy-taxes-serious-implications-post-brexit-britain/ PART TWO OUR MISSION TO MODERNISE 6 MODERNISING THE MANDATES THAT REPRESENT US Britain’s modern democracy is a mixture of ancient statute and precedence.

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sc=XE23 19 https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-by-density 20 https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/china-ends-one-child-policy 21 https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/10_26_11_CapitalTradeSOEStudy.pdf 22 https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/28-incredible-made-in-china-innovations-that-are-changing-the-world/ss-BBRWnlD#image=3 23 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/23/world/asia/air-pollution-china-india.html 24 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-swinefever-smithfield-foods-foc/at-smithfield-foods-slaughterhouse-china-brings-home-u-s-bacon-idUSKBN1XF0XC 25 https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/chinas-not-so-great-wall-debt-28-trillion-counting-18537 26 https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/092415/chinas-stock-markets-vs-us-stock-markets.asp 27 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/GBR/united-kingdom/military-spending-defense-budget https://www.ted.com/talks/yasheng_huang_does_democracy_stifle_economic_growth?language=en 28 https://www.mylifeelsewhere.com/country-size-comparison/china/united-states 29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age 30 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/birth-rate 31 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CHN/china/birth-rate 32 https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/electricity-consuming-countries/ 33 https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/electricity-consuming-countries/ 34 https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/China/gasoline_consumption/ 35 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/military-spending-defense-budget 36 https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/12/19/uk-government-to-launch-radical-assessment-of-britains-place-in-the-world/ 37 https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf 38 https://educationdata.org/number-of-college-graduates 39 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/20/u-s-women-near-milestone-in-the-college-educated-labor-force/ 40 https://www.statista.com/statistics/227272/number-of-university-graduates-in-china/ 41 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_spending_in_the_United_States 42 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-13/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-china-s-multiple-budgets-quicktake 43 https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-natural-gas.pdf 44 https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/carbon/ 45 https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/china-co2-emissions/ 46 https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/china.united-states 47 https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/each-countrys-share-co2-emissions 48 http://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index 49 https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-2036,00.html 50 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48347081 51 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/11/03/in-past-elections-u-s-trailed-most-developed-countries-in-voter-turnout/ 52 https://qz.com/1605690/european-election-belgiums-voter-turnout-rate-is-an-outlier/ 53 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1050929/voter-turnout-in-the-uk/ 54 https://thecommonwealth.org/about-us 55 https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674d78456a4d33457a6333566d54/index.html 56 https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/10/g7-d10-democracy-trump-europe/ 57 https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/ 58 https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2018/01/13/renewable-energy-cost-effective-fossil-fuels-2020/#226572fd4ff2 5 WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING?

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language=en 28 https://www.mylifeelsewhere.com/country-size-comparison/china/united-states 29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age 30 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/birth-rate 31 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/CHN/china/birth-rate 32 https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/electricity-consuming-countries/ 33 https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/features/electricity-consuming-countries/ 34 https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/China/gasoline_consumption/ 35 https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/military-spending-defense-budget 36 https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2019/12/19/uk-government-to-launch-radical-assessment-of-britains-place-in-the-world/ 37 https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf 38 https://educationdata.org/number-of-college-graduates 39 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/20/u-s-women-near-milestone-in-the-college-educated-labor-force/ 40 https://www.statista.com/statistics/227272/number-of-university-graduates-in-china/ 41 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_spending_in_the_United_States 42 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-13/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-china-s-multiple-budgets-quicktake 43 https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-natural-gas.pdf 44 https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/carbon/ 45 https://www.worldometers.info/co2-emissions/china-co2-emissions/ 46 https://www.indexmundi.com/factbook/compare/china.united-states 47 https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/each-countrys-share-co2-emissions 48 http://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index 49 https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-2036,00.html 50 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48347081 51 https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/11/03/in-past-elections-u-s-trailed-most-developed-countries-in-voter-turnout/ 52 https://qz.com/1605690/european-election-belgiums-voter-turnout-rate-is-an-outlier/ 53 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1050929/voter-turnout-in-the-uk/ 54 https://thecommonwealth.org/about-us 55 https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674d78456a4d33457a6333566d54/index.html 56 https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/10/g7-d10-democracy-trump-europe/ 57 https://www.visualcapitalist.com/100-most-spoken-languages/ 58 https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2018/01/13/renewable-energy-cost-effective-fossil-fuels-2020/#226572fd4ff2 5 WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING?

pages: 462 words: 172,671

Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
by Robert C. Martin
Published 1 Jan 2007

Fourth, it violates the Open Closed Principle8 (OCP) because it must change whenever new types are added. But possibly the worst problem with this function is that there are an unlimited number of other functions that will have the same structure. For example we could have 7. a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle b. http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/srp.pdf 8. a. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open/closed_principle b. http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/ocp.pdf isPayday(Employee e, Date date), or deliverPay(Employee e, Money pay), or a host of others. All of which would have the same deleterious structure.

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The Law of Demeter There is a well-known heuristic called the Law of Demeter2 that says a module should not know about the innards of the objects it manipulates. As we saw in the last section, objects hide their data and expose operations. This means that an object should not expose its internal structure through accessors because to do so is to expose, rather than to hide, its internal structure. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Demeter More precisely, the Law of Demeter says that a method f of a class C should only call the methods of these: • C • An object created by f • An object passed as an argument to f • An object held in an instance variable of C The method should not invoke methods on objects that are returned by any of the allowed functions.

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[AOSD]: Aspect-Oriented Software Development port, http://aosd.net [ASM]: ASM Home Page, http://asm.objectweb.org/ [AspectJ]: http://eclipse.org/aspectj [CGLIB]: Code Generation Library, http://cglib.sourceforge.net/ [Colyer]: Adrian Colyer, Andy Clement, George Hurley, Mathew Webster, Eclipse AspectJ, Person Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005. [DSL]: Domain-specific programming language, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_programming_language [Fowler]: Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern, http://martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html [Goetz]: Brian Goetz, Java Theory and Practice: Decorating with Dynamic Proxies, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-jtp08305.html [Javassist]: Javassist Home Page, http://www.csg.is.titech.ac.jp/~chiba/javassist/ [JBoss]: JBoss Home Page, http://jboss.org [JMock]: JMock—A Lightweight Mock Object Library for Java, http://jmock.org [Kolence]: Kenneth W.

pages: 628 words: 107,927

Node.js in Action
by Mike Cantelon , Marc Harter , Tj Holowaychuk and Nathan Rajlich
Published 27 Jul 2013

Both are event-driven (they use an event loop) and non-blocking when handling I/O (they use asynchronous I/O). Let’s look an example to explain what that means. Event Loops and Asynchronous I/O For more about event loops and asynchronous I/O, see the relevant Wikipedia articles at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_loop and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O. Take this common snippet of jQuery performing an Ajax request using XMLHttp-Request (XHR): This program performs an HTTP request for resource.json. When the response comes back, an anonymous function is called (the “callback” in this context) containing the argument data, which is the data received from that request.

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JavaScript is a compilation target, and there are a number of languages that compile to it already.[4] 4 See the “List of languages that compile to JS”: https://github.com/jashkenas/coffee-script/wiki/List-of-languages-that-compile-to-JS. Node uses one virtual machine (V8) that keeps up with the ECMAScript standard.[5] In other words, you don’t have to wait for all the browsers to catch up to use new JavaScript language features in Node. 5 For more about the ECMAScript standard, see Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript. Who knew JavaScript would end up being a compelling language for writing server-side applications? Yet, due to its sheer reach, performance, and other characteristics mentioned previously, Node has gained a lot of traction. JavaScript is only one piece of the puzzle though; the way Node uses JavaScript is even more compelling.

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But when serving files via HTTP, it’s usually not enough to just send the contents of a file; you also should include the type of file being sent. This is done by setting the Content-Type HTTP header with the proper MIME type for the file. To look up these MIME types, you’ll use a third-party module called mime. MIME types MIME types are discussed in detail in the Wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME. To handle chat-related messaging, you could poll the server with Ajax. But to make this application as responsive as possible, you’ll avoid using traditional Ajax as a means to send messages. Ajax uses HTTP as a transport mechanism, and HTTP wasn’t designed for real-time communication.

pages: 380 words: 109,724

Don't Be Evil: How Big Tech Betrayed Its Founding Principles--And All of US
by Rana Foroohar
Published 5 Nov 2019

“Mapping Inequalities Across the On-Demand Economy,” Data and Society, accessed May 9, 2019, https://datasociety.net/initiatives/future-of-labor/mapping-inequalities-across-the-on-demand-economy/. 62. Shoshana Zuboff, “Big Other: Surveillance Capitalism and the Prospects of an Information Civilization,” Journal of Information Technology, April 17, 2015. 63. Wikipedia, s.v. “The Great Transformation,” last modified March 29, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Transformation_(book). 64. Zuboff, “Big Other,” 80. 65. Michael Winnick, “Putting a Finger on Our Phone Obsession,” June 16, 2016, https://blog.dscout.com/mobile-touches. 66. Nir Eyal with Ryan Hoover, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products (New York: Portfolio/Penguin, 2014), 1. 67.

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Fisher, “ ‘Google Was Not a Normal Place.’ ” 30. Battelle, The Search, 125. Chapter 4: Party Like It’s 1999 1. Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Jeffrey Preston Bezos, 1999 Person of the Year,” Time, December 27, 1999. 2. Wikipedia, graphic of dot-com bubble, accessed May 9, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble#/media/File:Nasdaq_Composite_dot-com_bubble.svg. 3. Simon Dumenco, “Touby Prize,” New York, July 20, 2007. 4. Rana Foroohar, “Europe’s Got Net Fever,” Newsweek International, September 5, 1999. 5. Ibid. 6. “Dotcom Darlings: Where Are They Now?”

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Varian, “Economic Scene: Comparing Nasdaq and Tulips Unfair to Flowers,” The New York Times, February 8, 2001. 11. Olson, Rise and Decline of Nations. 12. Rana Foroohar, Makers and Takers: How Wall Street Destroyed Main Street (New York: Crown Business, 2016), 130. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid. 15. Wikipedia, s.v. “Dot-com bubble,” last modified May 22, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble. 16. Melanie Warner, “The Beauty of Hype: A Cautionary Tale,” Fortune, March 1, 1999. 17. Rana Foroohar, “Flight of the Dot-Coms,” Newsweek International, July 15, 2001. 18. Rana Foroohar and Stefan Theil, “The Dot-Com Witch Hunt,” Newsweek International, September 3, 2001. 19.

pages: 315 words: 89,861

The Simulation Hypothesis
by Rizwan Virk
Published 31 Mar 2019

. [←32] https://www.sciencealert.com/wheeler-s-delayed-choice-experiment-record-distance-space [←33] David Toomey, The New Time Travelers (New York: W.W. Norton, 2007), 254. [←34] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Minimax.svg (Source: Nuno Nogueira, user: Nmnogueira) [←35] Thomas Campbell, My Big TOE, (Lightning Strike Books, 2003), 201. [←36] John Wheeler, Geons, Black Holes and Quantum Foam (Norton, 1998). [←37] George Johnson, “How is the Universe Built? Grain by Grain,” The New York Times, December 7, 1999. [←38] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_time [←39] https://www.space.com/20881-wormholes.html [←40] Credit: Shutterstock.com. [←41] https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/would-astronauts-survive-interstellar-trip-through-wormhole-180953269/ [←42] Credit: Shutterstock.com [←43] Fred Alan Wolf, The Dreaming Universe, (Touchstone, 1995), 81. [←44] Wolf, Fred Alan; The Dreaming Universe, p. 21 [←45] Serinity Young, Dreaming in the Lotus: Buddhist Dream Narratives, Imagery and Practice (Wisdom Publications, 1999). [←46] Credit: Shutterstock.com [←47] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma [←48] Fritjof Capra, The Tao of Physics, (New York: Bantam, 1975), 85-86. [←49] In Brad Steiger, In My Soul I Am Free (Eckankar, 1968), 95. [←50] Thomas Ashley-Ferrand, Healing Mantras (New York: Ballantine Wellspring, 1999), 3–7. [←51] Steiger, Brad; In My Soul I Am Free, 92. [←52] Mattheiu Ricard, The Quantum and the Lotus, (New York: Crown, 2001), 179–81. [←53] www.al-islam.org [←54] http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm [←55] https://insightswithbillyvee.wordpress.com/2010/02/19/question-is-god-keeping-a-record-rev-2012-heb-812/ [←56] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_angel [←57] Ibid. [←58] Ibid. [←59] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-death_experience [←60] https://dannionandkathrynbrinkley.com/dannions-ndes/ [←61] https://www.history.com/topics/paranormal/project-blue-book [←62] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/us/politics/pentagon-program-ufo-harry-reid.html [←63] https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612232/the-8-dimensional-space-that-must-be-searched-for-alien-life/ [←64] Jacques Vallee, “A Theory of Everything (Else),” TED Talk video presentation, 2011, www.jacquesvallee.com. [←65] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine_(Vedanta) [←66] Heisenberg, Werner, Physics and Philosophy (New York: Harper Perennial, 2007) 161. [←67] https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/amp/ncna913926 (Corey Powell) [←68] http://serious-science.org/skepticism-and-the-simulation-hypothesis-6189 [←69] https://www.simulation-argument.com/faq.html [←70] Andrew Masterson, “Matrix Phobia?

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. [←52] Mattheiu Ricard, The Quantum and the Lotus, (New York: Crown, 2001), 179–81. [←53] www.al-islam.org [←54] http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p123a12.htm [←55] https://insightswithbillyvee.wordpress.com/2010/02/19/question-is-god-keeping-a-record-rev-2012-heb-812/ [←56] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_angel [←57] Ibid. [←58] Ibid. [←59] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-death_experience [←60] https://dannionandkathrynbrinkley.com/dannions-ndes/ [←61] https://www.history.com/topics/paranormal/project-blue-book [←62] https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/16/us/politics/pentagon-program-ufo-harry-reid.html [←63] https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612232/the-8-dimensional-space-that-must-be-searched-for-alien-life/ [←64] Jacques Vallee, “A Theory of Everything (Else),” TED Talk video presentation, 2011, www.jacquesvallee.com. [←65] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine_(Vedanta) [←66] Heisenberg, Werner, Physics and Philosophy (New York: Harper Perennial, 2007) 161. [←67] https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/amp/ncna913926 (Corey Powell) [←68] http://serious-science.org/skepticism-and-the-simulation-hypothesis-6189 [←69] https://www.simulation-argument.com/faq.html [←70] Andrew Masterson, “Matrix Phobia?

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. [←2] https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/alan_kay_875443 [←3] https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/elon-musk-ai-artificial-intelligence-computer-simulation-gaming-virtual-reality-a7060941.html [←4] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atari_Pong_arcade_game_cabinet.jpg (Source: Rob Boudon) [←5] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mandelbrot_island.jpg (Source: Alexis Monnerot-Dumaine) [←6] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sark-aerial.jpg (Source: Phillip Capper, Sark, Channel Islands, 17 September 2005) [←7] https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/light-field-displays-are-coming [←8] https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/false-memories [←9] http://news.mit.edu/2013/neuroscientists-plant-false-memories-in-the-brain-0725 [←10] https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/04/hawking-at-harvard/ (Stephen Hawking lecture at Harvard)/ [←11] https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/24/books/on-writers-and-writing-it-s-philip-dick-s-world-we-only-live-in-it.html [←12] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turing_test_diagram.png (Source: Juan Alberto Sánchez Margallo) [←13] Minh, Kavukcuoglu, Silver, et al., “Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learning,” Deepmind Technologies (2013). [←14] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sophia_at_the_AI_for_Good_Global_Summit_2018_(27254369347).jpg [←15] https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/10/16617092/sophia-the-robot-citizen-ai-hanson-robotics-ben-goertzel [←16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics [←17] Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near, (New York: Penguin, 2005), 10. [←18] Vernor Vinge, “Technological Singularity” (1993), https://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book98/com.ch1/vinge.singularity.html [←19] https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612257/digital-version-after-death/ [←20] Nick Bostrom, “Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?”

pages: 188 words: 9,226

Collaborative Futures
by Mike Linksvayer , Michael Mandiberg and Mushon Zer-Aviv
Published 24 Aug 2010

It was great TV, but created problems for Wikipedia. So many people responded to Colbert’s rallying cry that Wikipedia locked the article on Elephants to protect it from further vandalism. <h p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-0807/Wikiality> Furthermore, Wikipedia banned the user Stephencolbert for using an unveriﬁed celebrity name (a violation of Wikipedia’s terms of use <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Stephencolbert>. 53 Colbert and his viewers’ edits were perceived as mere vandalism that was disrespectful of the social contract that the rest of Wikipedia adhered to, thus subverting the underlying fabric of the community.

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As a pie ce of cutle ry or kitche nware , a fork is a tool consisting of a handle with se ve ral narrow tine s (usually two, thre e or four) on one e nd. The fork, as an e ating ute nsil, has be e n a fe ature primarily of the We st. <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork> 2. (so ware ) Whe n a pie ce of so ware or othe r work is split into two branche s or variations of de ve lopme nt. In the past, forking has implie d a division of ide ology and a split of the proje ct. With the adve nt of distribute d ve rsion control, forking and me rging be come s a le ss pre cipitous, divisive action. <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_%28so ware_development%29> The disruptive force of forking is greater in an environment whose default is to maintain code in centralized, collaboratively maintained repositories such as Subversion.

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Autonomous individuals and communities Glossary: Autonomy Autonomy is a conce pt found in moral, political, and bioe thical philosophy. Within the se conte xts it re fe rs to the capacity of a rational individual to make an informe d, un-coe rce d de cision. In moral and political philosophy, autonomy is o e n use d as the basis for de te rmining moral re sponsibility for one 's actions. <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy> The work of late twe ntie th-ce ntury thinke rs and fe minist scholars proble matize s the notion that an individual subje ct could e ithe r pre ce de all social formations or could possibly make rational de cisions. Inste ad the body is se e n as a site in which all manne r of social force s are made manife st, articulate d in physiological, psychological and biological ways.

pages: 268 words: 76,702

The System: Who Owns the Internet, and How It Owns Us
by James Ball
Published 19 Aug 2020

aat=1&t=111&dnt=111 15https://www.eff.org/privacybadger 16https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere 17https://certbot.eff.org/ 18This is a pseudonym, but one Kidane uses in real life with his diaspora community too. 19https://uk.kantar.com/tech/social/2018/gen-z-is-the-generation-taking-a-stand-for-privacy-on-social-media/ 20Cohn notes this line of reasoning is central to Cory Doctorow’s online privacy themes in his young adult book, Little Brother. 21https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org 22https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org 23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics 24https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/2016-2017_Fundraising_Report 25https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/how-the-conduit-plans-to-change-the-world 26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomis 27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey 28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LE15_Gender_overall_in_2018.png 29https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/10/how-wikipedia-is-hostile-to-women/411619/ 30https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05947-8 31As highlighted in a Twitter thread from Demos’s Carl Miller here: https://twitter.com/carljackmiller/status/1022055586471534592 32Zittrain is the author of The Future of the Internet – And How To Stop It, which is well worth a read.

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noredirect=on&utm_term=.e7adba67bfe6 3https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42745853 1 THE ARCHITECTS 1US broadband speed taken from http://fortune.com/2017/06/02/internet-speed-akamai-survey/ 2The narrative of the first internet message is taken from this (charming and very readable) transcript: https://archive.icann.org/meetings/losangeles2014/en/schedule/mon-crocker-kleinrock/transcript-crocker-kleinrock-13oct14-en.pdf 3https://www.internethalloffame.org//inductees/steve-crocker 4https://ai.google/research/people/author32412 5Wired have a great feature with much more detail on ‘the mother of all demos’ here: https://www.wired.com/2010/12/1209computer-mouse-mother-of-all-demos/ 6This was the recollection of Bob Taylor, who secured the funding (https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/an/2011/03/man2011030004/13rRUxly9fL), but was disputed by Charles Herzfeld, who said he had agreed the funding, but had taken more than twenty minutes’ persuasion (https://www.wired.com/2012/08/herzfeld/). 7Full video and transcript: http://opentranscripts.org/transcript/steve-crocker-internet-hall-fame-2012-profile/ 8This is also from Kleinrock’s 2014 transcript: https://archive.icann.org/meetings/losangeles2014/en/schedule/mon-crocker-kleinrock/transcript-crocker-kleinrock-13oct14-en.pdf 9https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0675.txt 10ARPANET had operated as a packet switching network from its inception – TCP is just a specific implantation of the concept, and the one which came to be the standard. 11This paragraph borrows key dates from https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/the-history-of-the-internet-in-a-nutshell/ 12Everything from Steve Lukasik comes from his paper ‘Why the ARPANET Was Built’, published online here: https://www.academia.edu/34728504/WHY_THE_ARPANET_WAS_BUILT 13This is from the Crocker/Kleinrock discussion. 14https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/ 15These are sourced to the Internet Services Consortium, but most easily viewed on Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Internet_usage 16https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-32884867 17https://www.statista.com/statistics/471264/iot-number-of-connected-devices-worldwide/ 18This stat comes from TeleGeography (https://www2.telegeography.com/submarine-cable-faqs-frequently-asked-questions) – their map of the main undersea internet cables is well worth a look: https://www.submarinecablemap.com/ 2 THE CABLE GUYS 1http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/17/AR2007101702359.html?

pages: 420 words: 130,503

Actionable Gamification: Beyond Points, Badges and Leaderboards
by Yu-Kai Chou
Published 13 Apr 2015

The value games can provide us far exceeds simply killing time. Now is the time to harness that value and make the most out of our time. The journey begins here. Charles Coonradt. The Game of Work. Paperback. Gibbs Smith. Layton, Utah. 07/01/2012.↩ Wikipedia Entry “User-Centered Design”: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-centered_design↩ Human Centered Design Tookit by IDEO. URL: http://www.ideo.com/work/human-centered-design-toolkit/↩ Chapter 2: The PBL Fallacy A Story about Social Media The landscape of gamification development must be viewed within a historical context to see why gamification mechanics themselves don’t ultimately lead to effective design.

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Is it Explicit or Implicit Gamification? What are the pros and cons for using that type of implementation? Share what you come up with on Twitter or your preferred social network with the hashtag #OctalysisBook and see what ideas other people have. Wikipedia Article: “Gamification”, accessed 12/13/2014. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification↩ Deterding, Sebastion. “A Quick Buck by Copy and Paste”, Gamification Research Network, Posted 09/15/2011.↩ Zichermann, Gabe. “A Teachable Moment” by Gabe Zichermann, Gamification.co, Posted 09/20/2011.↩ BusinessDictionary entry: “advergames”. Accessed 12/13/2014.↩ Mcgonigal, Jane.

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- Get Inspired Now that you are becoming familiar with the Octalysis Framework, check out my TEDx talk on how eight different world-changing products utilize each of the 8 Core Drives to make the world a better place. The TEDx talk can be accessed at http://yukaichou.com/tedx, or you can simply go on Google and search “Gamification Tedx.” Wikipedia Entry: “pwn”: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwn. Accessed 12/18/2014.↩ Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams. Wikinomics. P75. Portfolio Publishing. September 28, 2010.↩ Wikimedia Blog. “Who are Wikipedias Donors”. 02/05/2012.↩ Maney, Kevin. “Apple’s ‘1984’ Super Bowl Commercial Still Stands as Watershed Event”. USA Today. January 28, 2004.↩ Orwell, George.

pages: 518 words: 49,555

Designing Social Interfaces
by Christian Crumlish and Erin Malone
Published 30 Sep 2009

You (vs. i),” http://www.graphpaper.com/2007/08-17_me-vs-you-vs-i (Chris Fahey’s Graphpaper blog) “Rule 1,” by Dave Winer, http://archive.scripting.com/2002/09/29#rule1? “User vs. You,” http://www.graphpaper.com/2007/08-02_user-vs-you (Chris Fahey’s Graphpaper blog Wikipedia entry on Cargo Cult Programming, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cargo_cult_programming “You vs. I,” http://www.graphpaper.com/2007/08-11_you-vs-i (Chris Fahey’s Graphpaper blog) “Your Web Application as a Text Adventure,” http://2007.sxsw.com/blogs/podcasts. php/2007/05/31/your_web_application_as_a_text_adventure? (Michael Buffington, podcast from South by Southwest 2007) Download at WoweBook.Com Download at WoweBook.Com Part II I Am Somebody The notion of self, something long discussed and debated by philosophers, psychologists, and scientists, is now part of the discussion in the user experience design world.

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Download at WoweBook.Com Rankings 173 Points should reward performance (e.g., winning a game against an opponent) rather than activity (e.g., 10 points for every message posted). Points that reward activity may lead users to perform that activity again and again with no regard for the quality of their contributions. The gaming world even has a term for this: grinding (http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Grind_(gaming)). In some communities, participants want a tangible measurement of their accomplishments for personal satisfaction and to make comparisons with other competitors. One exception to the performance recommendation: points may be a useful reward of activity the first time a user performs an action (e.g., “You completed your profile!

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Answers (Figure 6-17) awards points to users for a variety of actions (http:// answers.yahoo.com/info/scoring_system;_ylt=AqAAJlkazAoSjM8PHj5tvVbpy6IX;_ylv=3). Figure 6-17. The Yahoo! Answers points system is carefully calibrated to nudge users toward greater engagement. Xbox Live’s GamerScore (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_Live#Gamerscore) is a measure that corresponds to the number of points accumulated by an XBox Live player. eBay’s Feedback Score (http://pages.ebay.com/help/feedback/feedback-scores.html) is based on the number of successful transactions that a seller or buyer has completed. See OMGPOP.com (formerly the dating site iminlikewithyou.com) for examples of how to use reputation, levels, and points to keep people playing.

pages: 71 words: 14,237

21 Recipes for Mining Twitter
by Matthew A. Russell
Published 15 Feb 2011

Analyzing friendship cliques (see http://github.com/ptwobrussell/Recipes-for-Mining -Twitter/blob/master/recipe__clique_analysis.py) # -*- coding: utf-8 -*import sys import json import networkx as nx 50 | The Recipes G = sys.argv[1] g = nx.read_gpickle(G) # # # # Finding cliques is a hard problem, so this could take a while for large graphs. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-complete and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique_problem cliques = [c for c in nx.find_cliques(g)] num_cliques = len(cliques) clique_sizes = [len(c) for c in cliques] max_clique_size = max(clique_sizes) avg_clique_size = sum(clique_sizes) / num_cliques max_cliques = [c for c in cliques if len(c) == max_clique_size] num_max_cliques = len(max_cliques) max_clique_sets = [set(c) for c in max_cliques] people_in_every_max_clique = list(reduce(lambda x, y: x.intersection(y), max_clique_sets)) print print print print print print print print print print 'Num 'Avg 'Max 'Num cliques:', num_cliques clique size:', avg_clique_size clique size:', max_clique_size max cliques:', num_max_cliques 'People in all max cliques:' json.dumps(people_in_every_max_clique, indent=4) 'Max cliques:' json.dumps(max_cliques, indent=4) For purposes of illustration, Mining the Social Web (O’Reilly) included an analysis conducted in mid-2010 that determined the following statistics for Tim O’Reilly’s ~700 friendships: Num Avg Max Num Num cliques: 762573 clique size: 14 clique size: 26 max cliques: 6 people in every max clique: 20 Some of the more interesting insight from the analysis was that there are six different cliques of size 26 in Tim O’Reilly’s friendships, which means that those six variations of 26 people all “know” one another to the point that they were at least interested in receiving each other’s status updates in their tweet stream.

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The implementation that NetworkX offers should work fine on commodity hardware for graphs containing high-hundreds to low-thousands of nodes (possibly even higher) before the time required to compute cliques becomes unbearable. See Also http://networkx.lanl.gov/reference/generated/networkx.algorithms.clique.find_cliques .html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique_problem 1.19 Analyzing the Authors of Tweets that Appear in Search Results Problem You want to analyze user profile information as it relates to the authors of tweets that appear in search results. Solution Use the /search resource to fetch search results, and then extract the from_user field from each search result object to look up profile information by screen name using either the /users/show or /users/lookup resources.

pages: 201 words: 63,192

Graph Databases
by Ian Robinson , Jim Webber and Emil Eifrem
Published 13 Jun 2013

For example, we can represent the fact that London is in the UK, and that the postal code SW11 1BD is in Battersea, which is a district in London, which is in south-eastern England, which in turn is in Great Britain. And because UK postal codes are fine-grained, we can use that boundary to target people with somewhat similar tastes. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-tree 22 | Chapter 2: Options for Storing Connected Data Such pattern matching queries are extremely difficult to write in SQL, and laborious to write against aggregate stores, and in both cases they tend to perform very poorly. Graph databases, on the other hand, are optimized for precisely these types of traversals and pattern matching queries, providing in many cases millisecond responses; moreover, most graph databases provide a query language suited to expressing graph constructs and graph queries—in the next chapter, we’ll look at Cypher, which is a pattern matching language tuned to the way we tend to describe graphs using diagrams.

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Continuing with our example use case, let’s assume that we can update the graph from our regular network monitoring tools, thereby providing us with a near real-time view of the state of the network 6. When a user reports a problem, we can limit the physical 6. With a large physical network, we might use Complex Event Processing to process streams of low-level network events, updating the graph only when the CEP solution raises a significant domain event. See: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_event_processing 36 | Chapter 3: Data Modeling with Graphs fault-finding to problematic network elements between the user and the application and the application and its dependencies. In our graph we can find the faulty equipment with the following query: START user=node:users(id = 'User 3') MATCH (user)-[*1..5]-(asset) WHERE asset.status!

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Master Data Management Master data is data that is critical to the operation of a business, but which itself is nontransactional. Master data includes data concerning users, customers, products, sup‐ pliers, departments, geographies, sites, cost centers and business units. In large organ‐ 2. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-tree 3. Neo4j Spatial is an open source library of utilities that implement spatial indexes and expose Neo4j data to geotools. See https://github.com/neo4j/spatial 96 | Chapter 5: Graphs in the Real World isations, this data is often held in many different places, with lots of overlap and redun‐ dancy, in many different formats, and with varying degrees of quality and means of access.

pages: 192 words: 63,813

The End of Astronauts: Why Robots Are the Future of Exploration
by Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees
Published 18 Apr 2022

For a good summary of the Artemis program, SLS, the Orion spacecraft, and the Lunar Gateway, see “Artemis, NASA’s Moon Landing Program,” The Planetary Society, accessed August 15, 2021, https://www.planetary.org/space-missions/artemis. More detailed information is available at “Artemis Program,” Wikipedia, accessed August 15, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program. 7. For the space shuttle launch costs per pound, see “Criticism of the Space Shuttle Program,” Wikipedia, accessed August 15, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Space_Shuttle_program#:~:text=Space%20Shuttle%20incremental%20per%2Dpound,low%20Earth%20orbit%20(LEO). 8. Martin Childs, “Qian Xuesen: Scientist and Pioneer of China’s Missile and Space Programmes,” The Independent, November 13, 2009, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/qian-xuesen-scientist-and-pioneer-china-s-missile-and-space-programmes-1819724.html. 9.

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Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation, Aviation, and Materials of the Committee on Science and Technology, US House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session, Part 2 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984). From p. 340: “Mr. NELSON. Do you think there is some truth to the practicality of Washington politics, that ‘no Buck Rogers, no bucks’?” 17. Wikipedia, “Budget of NASA,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget_of_NASA. 18. Patrick Chase, “NASA, Space Exploration, and American Public Opinion,” Medium, July 14, 2020, https://medium.com/westeastspace/nasa-space-exploration-and-american-public-opinion-139cbc1c6cce. 19. National Research Council, Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S.

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See “Your Guide to NASA’s Budget,” The Planetary Society, accessed August 15, 2021, https://www.planetary.org/space-policy/nasa-budget 2. Claus Jensen, No Downlink: A Dramatic Narrative about the Challenger Accident and Our Time (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1996). 3. “International Space Station,” Wikipedia, accessed August 15, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station. Updates are available at NASA’s International Space Station website, https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html. 4. “NASA Administrator Bill Nelson,” NASA, May 3, 2021, https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-administrator-bill-nelson/. 5. Becky Ferreira, “Chris Hadfield’s Spirited Song in Space Was No ‘Oddity,’ ” New York Times, November 2, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/science/chris-hadfield-space-oddity.html. 6.

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Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now
by Jaron Lanier
Published 28 May 2018

http://www.berkeleywellness.com/self-care/preventive-care/article/are-mobile-devices-ruining-our-eyes 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_God_that_Failed 5. https://www.forbes.com/sites/elizabethmacbride/2017/12/31/is-social-media-the-tobacco-industry-of-the-21st-century/ 6. https://www.hud.gov/sites/documents/20258_LEGISLATIVEHISTORY.PDF 7. The television era tried its best to be BUMMER, but without direct feedback loops to individuals. Through heroic effort, television was able to be slightly BUMMER even without much data. “Cultivation theory” studies the phenomenon. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultivation_theory 8. This history will be recounted in later arguments. 9.

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https://gizmodo.com/former-facebook-exec-you-don-t-realize-it-but-you-are-1821181133. Though I must note that Palihapitiya walked back his statement a bit in the following days, talking about how he thought Facebook did good overall in the world. 3. https://mashable.com/2014/04/30/facebooks-new-mantra-move-fast-with-stability/ 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfishing 5. The optimization of timing is only one example out of many. Every design choice in your social media experiences is being optimized all the time on similar principles. Ex-Googler Tristan Harris has assembled more examples, including the way options of all kinds are shown to you, the way you are able to click on options, and the ways that you and others are shown options in tandem.

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In the United States, since the network neutrality rules are being relaxed, it’s possible that all texting, even native texting between phones, will become part of BUMMER, but as of this writing it doesn’t appear to have happened. 3. The most prominent current academic approach to the study of asshole creation is SIDE Theory. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_identity_model_of_deindividuation_effects, but please promise me you won’t become a jerk in an edit war about this entry, okay? If you want to read relevant research from a scientist working for Facebook, see the work of Justin Cheng: https://www.clr3.com/. 4. http://leesmolin.com/writings/the-trouble-with-physics/ 5.

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After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back
by Juliet Schor , William Attwood-Charles and Mehmet Cansoy
Published 15 Mar 2020

Quattrone et al. (2016). 42. Cox (2017). 43. Three richest Americans and top four hundred from Collins and Hoxie (2017). 44. Wolff (2017, table 2). 45. Saez (2019). 46. Travis Kalanick net worth: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Kalanick; Brian Chesky: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Chesky; Nathan Blecharczyk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Blecharczyk; Joe Gebbia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Gebbia. 47. See Schor (2017). 48. Educational attainment figures are author’s calculations from BLS data for 2017: www.bls.gov/emp/tables/educational-attainment.htm. 49. Iqbal (2019). The exact number was 48 percent. 50. https://www.cnbc.com/id/100414962. 51.

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We have discussed this issue in Schor and Fitzmaurice (2015) and Schor and Attwood-Charles (2017). The sector was originally called “collaborative consumption,” a term coined by Rachel Botsman. By 2012, however, usage began to shift to the “sharing economy.” There is a lack of clarity about where the term came from. Wikipedia claims that its origin is unknown (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy) or attributable to Lawrence Lessig (2008) in his book Remix. But Lessig is discussing nonmonetary sharing. Benkler’s influential article (2004) uses the term social sharing. Nicholas John (2016) finds instances of the term sharing economy in reference to music and software in 2007 and 2008.

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A recent attempt to induce better treatment of workers via a voluntary code is the Fair Work Foundation, a new project from researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute. They are hoping to establish a certification system that signals adherence to a set of principles ensuring fair treatment of gig workers. See Graham et al. (2019). 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_TNCs_by_jurisdiction. 15. Uber’s use of consumers to block regulations worked in New York City in 2015, when Mayor de Blasio attempted to cap the number of Uber vehicles. He backed down then. But this tactic was no longer effective in 2018. On consumer pressure see Walker (2016) and Culpepper and Thelen (2019). 16.

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Machine, Platform, Crowd: Harnessing Our Digital Future
by Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson
Published 26 Jun 2017

-“Veronica-Mars”-Movie-Opens-March. 262 “One could argue that”: Marc Andreessen, interview by the authors, August 2015. 263 In early 2016, Indiegogo introduced: Jacob Kastrenakes, “Indiegogo Wants Huge Companies to Crowdfund Their Next Big Products,” Verge, January 6, 2016, http://www.theverge.com/2016/1/6/10691100/indiegogo-enterprise-crowdfunding-announced-ces-2016. 263 “real-time customer feedback”: Indiegogo, “Indiegogo for Enterprise,” accessed February 8, 2017, https://learn.indiegogo.com/enterprise. 263 including some of the world’s largest hedge funds: Telis Demos and Peter Rudegeair, “LendingClub Held Talks on Funding Deals with Och-Ziff, Soros, Third Point,” Wall Street Journal, last updated June 9, 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/lendingclub-and-hedge-funds-have-discussed-major-funding-deals-1465476543. 263 In 2014, well over half: Shelly Banjo, “Wall Street Is Hogging the Peer-to-Peer Lending Market,” Quartz, March 4, 2015, https://qz.com/355848/wall-street-is-hogging-the-peer-to-peer-lending-market. 264 “Teespring is the modern method”: Andreessen, interview, August 2015. 264 “In general it is not the owner”: Joseph Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934), 66. 265 Eric von Hippel: Eric von Hippel, Democratizing Innovation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006). 265 “Wouldn’t it be nice”: Alexia Tsotsis, “TaskRabbit Turns Grunt Work into a Game,” Wired, July 15, 2011, https://www.wired.com/2011/07/mf_taskrabbit. 265 Apple acquired 70 companies: Wikipedia, s. v. “List of Mergers and Acquisitions by Apple,” last modified January 21, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple. 265 Facebook more than 50: Wikipedia, s. v. “List of Mergers and Acquisitions by Facebook,” last modified February 4, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook. 265 Google nearly 200: Wikipedia, “List of Mergers and Acquisitions by Alphabet,” last modified February 2, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet. 266 Facebook paid $1 billion for Instagram: Evelyn M.

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McAfee, “Wikipedia (A),” Harvard Business School Courseware, 2007, https://courseware.hbs.edu/public/cases/wikipedia. 247 Nupedia had twelve completed articles: Ibid. 247 “Humor me”: Larry Sanger, “My Role in Wikipedia (Links),” LarrySanger.org, accessed February 8, 2017, http://larrysanger.org/roleinwp.html. 247 By 2016 there were 36 million articles: Wikipedia, s. v. “History of Wikipedia,” accessed February 8, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia. 248 Wikipedia was the sixth-most-popular website: Alexa, “Wikipedia.org Traffic Statistics,” last modified February 7, 2017, http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org. 248 “other people using the encyclopedia can check”: Wikipedia, s. v. “Wikipedia:Verifiability,” last modified February 27, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability. 249 Slack, a group-level tool: Josh Costine, “Slack’s Rapid Growth Slows as It Hits 1.25M Paying Work Chatters,” October 20, 2016, https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/20/slunk.

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ARTFL Project, “Chambers’ Cyclopaedia,” accessed February 7, 2017, https://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/content/chambers-cyclopaedia. ** “Verifiable accuracy” became part of the “five pillars” intended to guide the Wikipedia community. Wikipedia, “Wikipedia:Five Pillars,” last modified February 6, 2017, at 10:52, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars. †† Larry Sanger left the Wikipedia community in the early years of the twenty-first century over differences about its governance. He came to feel that it was harmfully antiauthoritarian. Larry Sanger [timothy, pseud.], “The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia, Part II,” Slashdot, April 19, 2005, https://slashdot.org/story/05/04/19/1746205/the-early-history-of-nupedia-and-wikipedia-part-ii. ‡‡ Wikipedians are not paid for their contributions and are mostly anonymous, so fame is of limited power as an incentive.

pages: 351 words: 123,876

Beautiful Testing: Leading Professionals Reveal How They Improve Software (Theory in Practice)
by Adam Goucher and Tim Riley
Published 13 Oct 2009

Static analysis can be used to find style issues, but the main reason to use it is to find subtle problems. Often these problems can occur in uncommon situations, such as error conditions (i.e., the worst possible time to make a bad situation worse). # http://pypi.python.org/pypi/fusil/ * http://svn.python.org/view?view=rev&revision=64775 † http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_code_analysis ‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_review BEAUTIFUL IS BETTER THAN UGLY 125 For example, static analysis can find invalid memory uses or memory leaks in error-handling code. Very often, the problems it finds can lead to crashes in conditions that rarely happen or that are hard to reproduce.

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The C function then needs to parse this tuple into C-native ints and chars that it can operate on. To make this easier, we provide a function called PyArg_ParseTuple()† that operates a lot like the C scanf()‡ function. One example call looks like the following: § http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_utilities ‖ http://docs.python.org/extending/index.html # http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/ * http://www.logilab.org/857 † http://docs.python.org/c-api/arg.html ‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf 126 CHAPTER NINE static PyObject *string_replace(PyStringObject *self, PyObject *args) { Py_ssize_t count = -1; PyObject *from, *to; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO|n:replace", &from, &to, &count)) return NULL; ... } If from, to, or count has a different type than the format string claims, PyArg_ParseTuple could write garbage to memory and cause a crash or, worse, a security vulnerability.

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SQL injection is a problem that has a known solution: parameterized SQL and/or diligent escaping so code inspection is a quick and efficient way of identifying this type of problem. Appropriate permissions Can a user of a certain permission class do what they should be able to do? And only what they should be able to do? * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting † http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection 236 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Information leakage Can a user access/view/modify information they should not be able to access? Consider a multitenant system with Coke and Pepsi as two of your clients. Clearly, Coke should not be able to see Pepsi’s information, and vice versa.

pages: 504 words: 89,238

Natural language processing with Python
by Steven Bird , Ewan Klein and Edward Loper
Published 15 Dec 2009

This is a grammatically correct sentence, as explained at http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buf falo. Consider the tree diagram presented on this Wikipedia page, and write down a suitable grammar. Normalize case to lowercase, to simulate the problem that a listener has when hearing this sentence. Can you find other parses for this sentence? How does the number of parse trees grow as the sentence gets longer? (More examples of these sentences can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ho mophonous_phrases.) ◑ You can modify the grammar in the recursive descent parser demo by selecting Edit Grammar in the Edit menu.

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('fir', ['F', 'ER1']) ('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0']) ('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'R']) ('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M']) ('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'R', 'AA2', 'R', 'M']) ('firearms', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M', 'Z']) ('firearms', ['F', 'AY1', 'R', 'AA2', 'R', 'M', 'Z']) ('fireball', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'B', 'AO2', 'L']) For each word, this lexicon provides a list of phonetic codes—distinct labels for each contrastive sound—known as phones. Observe that fire has two pronunciations (in U.S. English): the one-syllable F AY1 R, and the two-syllable F AY1 ER0. The symbols in the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary are from the Arpabet, described in more detail at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpabet. Each entry consists of two parts, and we can process these individually using a more complex version of the for statement. Instead of writing for entry in entries:, we replace entry with two variable names, word, pron . Now, each time through the loop, word is assigned the first part of the entry, and pron is assigned the second part of the entry: >>> for word, pron in entries: ... if len(pron) == 3: ... ph1, ph2, ph3 = pron ... if ph1 == 'P' and ph3 == 'T': ... print word, ph2, ... pait EY1 pat AE1 pate EY1 patt AE1 peart ER1 peat IY1 peet IY1 peete IY1 pert ER1 pet EH1 pete IY1 pett EH1 piet IY1 piette IY1 pit IH1 pitt IH1 pot AA1 pote OW1 pott AA1 pout AW1 puett UW1 purt ER1 put UH1 putt AH1 The program just shown scans the lexicon looking for entries whose pronunciation consists of three phones .

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XML provides a powerful way to process this kind of corpus, and we will return to this topic in Chapter 11. The Rotokas language is spoken on the island of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. This lexicon was contributed to NLTK by Stuart Robinson. Rotokas is notable for having an inventory of just 12 phonemes (contrastive sounds); see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotokas_language 2.5 WordNet WordNet is a semantically oriented dictionary of English, similar to a traditional thesaurus but with a richer structure. NLTK includes the English WordNet, with 155,287 words and 117,659 synonym sets. We’ll begin by looking at synonyms and how they are accessed in WordNet.

pages: 533

Future Politics: Living Together in a World Transformed by Tech
by Jamie Susskind
Published 3 Sep 2018

James Farr,‘Understanding Conceptual Change Politically’, in Political Innovation, 25. 33. Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (London: Vintage Books, 2011), 24–7. 34. Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (London: Harvill Secker, 2015), 167. 35. ‘Domesday Book’, Wikipedia, last modified 26 November 2017 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book> (accessed 28 November 2017). 36. Harari, Homo Deus, 167. 37. Paraphrasing Alain Desrosières, The Politics of Large Numbers:A History of Statistical Reasoning, translated by Camille Naish (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998), 16. 38. Desrosières, Politics of Large Numbers, 9. 39.

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Bhavani, ‘Biometric Authorization System Using Gait Biometry’, arXiv, 2011 <https://arxiv.org/pdf/1108.6294.pdf% 3b%20Boden/39-40.pdf> (accessed 30 November 2017). 76. Khatchadourian, ‘We Know How You Feel’. 77. Boden, AI, 74. 78. Boden, AI, 162. 79. Alan Winfield, Robotics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), 16. 80. ‘Moravec’s Paradox’, Wikipedia, last modified 9 May 2017. <https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravec%27s_paradox> (accessed 6 December 2017). 81. Bostrom, Superintelligence, 15. 82. Schwab, Fourth Industrial Revolution, 153. 83. Susskind and Susskind, Future of the Professions, 168; Time, ‘Meet the Robots ShippingYour Amazon Orders’, Time Robotics, 1 December 2014 <http://time.com/3605924/amazon-robots/> (accessed 30 November 2017). 84.

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Bobby Johnson, ‘Amazon Kindle Users Surprised by “Big Brother” Move’, The Guardian, 17 July 2009 <https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2009/jul/17/amazon-kindle-1984> (accessed 8 December 2017). Jonathan Zittrain,‘Engineering an Election’, Harvard Law Review Forum, 20 June 2014 <https://harvardlawreview.org/2014/06/engineeringan-election/> (accessed 1 December 2017). Chapter 9 1. ‘Who? Whom?’ Wikipedia, last modified 3 June 2017 <https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Who,_whom%3F> (accessed 7 December 2017). OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 30/05/18, SPi РЕЛИЗ ПОДГОТОВИЛА ГРУППА "What's News" VK.COM/WSNWS 400 Notes 2. Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and Equality (New York: Basic Books, 1983), xiii. 3. Walzer, Spheres, 11. 4.

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One Way Forward: The Outsider's Guide to Fixing the Republic
by Lawrence Lessig
Published 12 Feb 2012

See Theda Skocpol and Vanessa Williamson, The Tea Party and the Remaking of American Conservatism (2012), 158–161. 3 Mark Meckler and Jenny Beth Martin, Tea Party Patriots: The Second American Revolution (2012), 16. 4 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 22. 5 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 21. 6 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 22. 7 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 108. 8 Most surveys conclude that 55 to 60 percent of Tea Partiers are male (Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 42). They are “mainly white … married, older than 45, more conservative than the general population, and likely to be more wealthy and have more education” (“Tea Party movement,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_movement, accessed January 12, 2012). Sixty-two percent of Tea Partiers call themselves conservative Republicans (Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 27–28). 9 “Grassroots activists, roving billionaire advocates, and right-wing media purveyors—these three forces, together, create the Tea Party and give it the ongoing clout to buffet and redirect the Republican Party” (Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 13). 10 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 12. 11 Glenn H.

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Sixty-two percent of Tea Partiers call themselves conservative Republicans (Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 27–28). 9 “Grassroots activists, roving billionaire advocates, and right-wing media purveyors—these three forces, together, create the Tea Party and give it the ongoing clout to buffet and redirect the Republican Party” (Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 13). 10 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 12. 11 Glenn H. Reynolds, “Tea Parties: Real Grassroots,” New York Post, April 13, 2009; http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/item_kjS1kZbRyFntcyNhDJFlSK, accessed January 13, 2012. 12 “Occupy Wall Street,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street, accessed January 12, 2012. 13 Skocpol and Williamson, Tea Party, 32. 14 Pew Research Center, “Frustration with Congress Could Hurt Republican Incumbents” (December 15, 2011), 11. 15 Indeed, as I’ve traveled across the country to see these different groups, each of them has its own character.

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Res 97, 112th Cong. (2011); the Move to Amend Amendment (http://movetoamend.org/amendment, accessed January 2, 2012); and the Get Money Out Amendment (http://www.getmoneyout.com, accessed January 3, 2012). 43 Disclosure: I am a noncompensated member of the Advisory Board of Americans Elect. 44 “Icelandic Loan Guarantees Referendum, 2010,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_loan_guarantees_referendum,_2010 (accessed January 13, 2012). 45 See http://ohmygov.com/printfriendly.aspx?=7435. 46 State Elections Enforcement Commission, Citizens’ Election Program 2010: A Novel System with Extraordinary Results 2 (January 2011). 47 130 S.Ct. 876 (2010). 48 Dan Eggen, “Large Majority Opposes Supreme Court Decision,” Washington Post, February 17, 2010 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/17/AR2010021701151.html ). 49 558 U.S. ___ (2010), slip.

pages: 696 words: 111,976

SQL Hacks
by Andrew Cumming and Gordon Russell
Published 28 Nov 2006

First, look at the equivalent Linux commands for sending data from a web page to MySQL (be sure to replace GO with a semicolon [;] in gross.xsl before you try to run this): $ wget -O source.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_ films --23:17:49-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films => \Qsource.htm' Resolving en.wikipedia.org... 145.97.39.155 Connecting to en.wikipedia.org|145.97.39.155|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: unspecified [text/html] [ <=> ] 34,831 27.48K/s 23:17:50 (27.41 KB/s) - \Qsource.htm' saved [34831] $ xsltproc -o gross.sql gross.xsl source.htm $ mysql -u scott -ptiger dbname -e 'source gross.sql' ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 30 in file: 'gross.sql': You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 's Stone', 1058997333); INSERT INTO film VALUES ( 'Star ' at line 2 The preceding example uses the wget command to copy the web page to the filesystem and uses xsltproc to process the stylesheet (notice that the parameters are reversed compared to msxsl).

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The Input Document To extract data from an XHTML document you might need to use a little trial and error. You need to look at the raw HTML from the target page and identify the tag or tags that contain the data you are looking for. Look at the HTML from Wikipedia; this section is part of a much larger document (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films): <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>List of highest-grossing films (adjusted)</b></caption> <tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Movie name</th> <th>Worldwide Gross</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_%28film%29" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone With the Wind</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>)</td> <td>$2,699,710,936</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_White_and_the_Seven_Dwarfs_%281937_film%29" title="Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)">Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a>)</td> <td>$2,425,862,786</td> </tr> You must identify enough of the surrounding structure to uniquely identify the text that you need.

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Running the Hack The XSLT processor will take a page directly from the Web, and you can store the results in the file gross.sql before loading it into SQL Server. In this example, the stylesheet, gross.xsl, is in the current directory, but it can be in any directory or even in a remote URL. You can run the hack from a Windows command prompt as follows: C:>msxsl http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films gross.xsl -o gross.sql C:>sqlcmd -E -S(local)\SQLExpress -d dbname 1> CREATE TABLE film (title VARCHAR(256), gross BIGINT) 2> GO 1> QUIT C:>sqlcmd -E -S(local)\SQLExpress -d dbname -i gross.sql (1 row affected) (1 row affected) (1 row affected) (1 row affected) (1 row affected) (1 row affected) (1 row affected) Msg 102, Level 15, State 1, Server PUMA\SQLEXPRESS, Line 3 Incorrect syntax near 's'.

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The Rise of the Quants: Marschak, Sharpe, Black, Scholes and Merton
by Colin Read
Published 16 Jul 2012

New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1972. 8 The Early Years 1. www.rand.org/about/history.html, date accessed January 23, 2012. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Dantzig, date accessed January 23, 2012. 3. Ibid. 4. Harry Markowitz, “Portfolio Selection,” Journal of Finance, 7(1) (1952), 77–91. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_L._Treynor, date accessed January 23, 2012. 6. William Sharpe, “How to Rate Management of Investment Funds,” Harvard Business Review, 43 (1965), 63–75. 7. William Sharpe and Kay Mazuy, “Can Mutual Funds Outguess the Market?” Harvard Business Review, 44 (1966), 131–6. 9 The Times 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360, date accessed January 23, 2012. 10 The Theory 1.

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Isaac de Pinto (1771), An Essay on Circulation of Currency and Credit in Four Parts and a Letter on the Jealousy of Commerce, translated with annotations by S. Baggs (1774), London; reprinted by Gregg International Publishers (1969). 6. Robert J. Leonard, “Creating a Context for Game Theory,” History of Political Economy, 24 (Supplement) (1992), 29–76, at p. 39. 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bachelier, date accessed January 23, 2012. 8. Alfred Cowles and H. Jones, “Some A Posteriori Probabilities in Stock Market Action,” Econometrica, 5(3) (1937), 280–94. 9. Louis Bachelier, “Theorie de la speculation,” Annales scientifiques de l’Ecole Normale Superieure, 3rd series, 17 (1900), 21–86. 10.

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Robert C. Merton, “Theory of Rational Option Pricing,” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 4(1) (1973), 141–83. 2. Robert C. Merton, “On the Pricing of Contingent Claims and the ModiglianiMiller Theorem,” Journal of Financial Economics, 5(3) (1977), 241–9. 21 Applications 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_International_Group, date accessed January 23, 2012. Notes 187 22 The Nobel Prize, Life, and Legacy 1. Paul Samuelson, “Mathematics of Speculative Price,” in R.H. Day and S.M. Robinson (eds), Mathematical Topics in Economic Theory and Computation, Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1972.

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The Joy of Tax
by Richard Murphy
Published 30 Sep 2015

Exodus 30:15 and Nehemiah 10:33 6 Genesis 41:34 7 Amos 5:11 and 7:1 8 1 Kings 4:7 9 Leviticus 27:30–32 10 2 Kings 15:20 11 2 Kings 23:35 12 http://www.upenn.edu/almanac/v48/n28/AncientTaxes.html 13 Based on Clifford Ando, ‘The Administration of the Provinces’, in A Companion to the Roman Empire (Blackwell, 2010) as quoted on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire#Taxation accessed 13 August 2014 14 13 August 2014 15 Matthew 17:27 16 Romans 13:7 17 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Liberties 18 http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/magna_carta_1215/Clause_12 19 http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/magna_carta_1215/Clause_14 20 http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/citizen_subject/origins.htm 21 http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html 22 http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0042/00422987.pdf 23 http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/cgmanual/cg22100.htm 24 For more ideas on this theme refer to Taxation and State-building in Developing Countries by Deborah Brautigam, Odd-Helgre Fjeldstad and Mick Moore, Cambridge University Press, 2008 Chapter 2: What is tax?

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Kennedy, quoted at http://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/JFK-Quotations/Profiles-in-Courage-quotations.aspx based on page 265 of his posthumous book Profiles in Courage 7 http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/31/newsid_2530000/2530763.stm 8 http://economia.icaew.com/news/november-2012/tax-avoidance-schemes-no-go-area-for-firms 9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_revenue_as_percentage_of_GDP 11 https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/spending-taxpayers-money-responsibly Chapter 3: Why we tax 1 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/Pages/qe/default.aspx accessed 20 August 2014 2 All data compiled by the author from HM Treasury budget reports over the years in question 3 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/pages/default.aspx.

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Galbraith, in Money: Whence it came, where it went, Houghton Mifflin, 1975, p. 29 9 It can be argued that there is a cost in paying interest at bank rate (currently 0.5%) on the new reserves created at the Bank of England as a result of the funds injected into the economy by the quantitative easing process, but as (Lord) Adair Turner has pointed out, the payment of this interest is optional and a choice by the Bank of England. http://www.socialeurope.eu/2014/03/monetization 10 http://budgetresponsibility.org.uk/pubs/March_2014_EFO_Charts_and_Tables.xls table T1.4 accessed 21 August 2014 11 Some of the author’s work on the issue of shadow economies worldwide is available at http://www.tackletaxhavens.com/Cost_of_Tax_Abuse_TJN%20Research_23rd_Nov_2011.pdf 12 Abstract of Lincoln’s Monetary Policy; Library of Congress No. 23, 76th Congress, 1st session, page 91; quoted at http://cpe.us.com/?article=famous-monetary-quotes. The rest is worth reading as well. 13 Sample measures of inequality – called the Gini coefficient – for a range of countries both before and after tax are available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality accessed 21 August 2014 Chapter 4: Dealing with the naysayers 1 http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/upldbook350pdf.pdf 2 http://www.adamsmith.org/blog/liberty-justice/democracys-not-all-its-cracked-up-to-be-you-know 3 http://www.adamsmith.org/blog/politics-government/democracy-must-restrain-the-mob-against-the-minority 4 http://www.2020tax.org 5 http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/jan/08/climate-change-debt-inequality-threat-financial-stability 6 http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_317365.pdf 7 http://www.ifs.org.uk/bns/bn43.pdf page 4 shows spending has not fallen below 36 per cent of GDP since 1948. 8 http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2009-10/fiscalresponsibility.html 9 http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmhansrd/cm100105/debtext/100105-0012.htm 10 http://web.stanford.edu/~rabushka accessed 1 September 2014 11 Quoted at http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Blog/2011/10/25/it-is-possible-to-have-a-flat-tax-or-to-have-democracy-but-not-both accessed 1 September 2014 12 Governor of the Bank of England Mark Carney suggested at the TUC Congress on 9 September 2014 that on average incomes had declined by 10 per cent in the UK since 2009. 13 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/Documents/quarterlybulletin/2014/qb14q102.pdf page 21 accessed 26 August 2014 14 Ibid., page 14 15 Ibid., page 15 16 From David Copperfield by Charles Dickens: ‘[Mr Micawber] solemnly conjured me, I remember, to take warning by his fate; and to observe that if a man had twenty pounds a year for his income, and spent nineteen pounds nineteen shillings and sixpence, he would be happy, but that if he spent twenty pounds one [shilling] he would be miserable.’ http://www.bartleby.com/380/prose/553.html 17 http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/pages/history/default.aspx#2 18 Current household savings ratio at the time of writing is about 6 per cent of income, which is well above the rate from 1997 to 2008 on average: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/personal-savings 19 http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/26/uk-business-investment-falls-at-fastest-rate-since-financial-crisis 20 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/1e1b9952-794f-11e3-91ac-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3d6hyf79D 21 http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/feb/06/uk-trade-deficit-widens-four-year-high 22 http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/personal-savings accessed 27 August 2014 23 http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/elmr/an-examination-of-falling-real-wages/2010-to-2013/art-an-examination-of-falling-real-wages.html accessed 27 August 2014 24 http://budgetresponsibility.org.uk/economic-fiscal-outlook-march-2014/ accessed 28 August 2014 25 http://cdn.budgetresponsibility.independent.gov.uk/March2015EFO_18-03-webv1.pdf page 73 accessed 16 June 2015 26 http://cdn.budgetresponsibility.independent.gov.uk/March2015EFO_18-03-webv1.pdf page 55 27 http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/balance-of-trade 28 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/budget/11465497/Budget-2015-There-are-two-versions-of-George-Osborne-and-the-radical-one-must-prevail.html accessed 16 June 2015 29 http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Documents/Intheshade.pdf accessed 1 September 2014 30 Ibid. 31 http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Documents/PCSTaxGap2014Full.pdf accessed 16 June 2015 32 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/345370/140819_Tackling_offshore_tax_evasion_-_A_new_criminal_offence.pdf 33 Scott Dyreng, Jeffrey L.

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Lean Analytics: Use Data to Build a Better Startup Faster
by Alistair Croll and Benjamin Yoskovitz
Published 1 Mar 2013

* * * [76] For full disclosure, it also hosts the companion website to this book. [77] http://www.startupcompass.co [78] http://paulgraham.com/growth.html [79] http://startup-marketing.com/authentic-growth-hacks/ [80] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_adoption_lifecycle [81] http://www.chasminstitute.com/METHODOLOGY/TechnologyAdoptionLifeCycle/tabid/89/Default.aspx [82] http://www.avc.com/a_vc/2011/07/301010.html/ [83] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_elasticity_of_demand [84] http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/oct/22/smartphone-patent-wars-explained [85] http://mailchimp.com/resources/research/ [86] http://mailchimp.com/resources/research/email-marketing-benchmarks-by-industry/ [87] http://mailchimp.com/resources/research/email-marketing-subject-line-comparison/ [88] The 2012 Digital Marketer: Benchmark and Trend Report, Experian Marketing Services (http://go.experian.com/forms/experian-digital-marketer-2012)

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Ultimately, the intrapreneur must manage the relationship with the host organization as well as the relationship with the target market. Initially, this can be intentionally distant, but as the disruptive product becomes part of the host, the handoff must be graceful. * * * [151] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunkworks_project [152] http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/14/technology/at-google-x-a-top-secret-lab-dreaming-up-the-future.html?_r=2 [153] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_McCallum [154] http://beforeitsnews.com/banksters/2012/08/the-stanford-lectures-so-is-software-really-eating-the-world-2431478.html [155] Richard Templar, The Rules of Work (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2003), 142

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As you dig deeper and peel away more layers of what you’re doing—whether you’re looking at problems, solutions, customers, revenue, or anything else—you’re likely to find a lot more than you expected. If you’re opportunistic about it, you can expand your vision and understand how to get there faster, all at the same time. * * * [14] http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304458604577488822667325882.html [15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxima_and_minima Part II. Finding the Right Metric for Right Now You now have an understanding of analytics fundamentals. So let’s talk about the importance of focus, about specific business models, and about the stages every startup goes through as it discovers the right product and the best target market.

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Haskell Programming: From First Principles
by Christopher Allen and Julie Moronuki
Published 1 Jan 2015

Where software libraries are code arranged in a manner so that they can be reused by the compiler in the building of other libraries and programs, executables are applications that the operating system will run directly. If you’d like to read further on this, here are a few links. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_library 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable Editing the Cabal ﬁle Let’s get back to editing that cabal ﬁle a bit. Ours is named hellohaskell.cabal and is in the top level directory of the project. Right now, your cabal ﬁle should look something like : -- Initial hello-haskell.cabal generated by cabal init. -- For further documentation, -- see http://haskell.org/cabal/users-guide/ name: version: 1 2 3 4 5 hello-haskell 0.1.0.0 lens library Github repository https://github.com/ekmett/lens Haddock website https://www.haskell.org/haddock/ Hackage guidelines https://wiki.haskell.org/Package_versioning_policy Pipes hackage page http://hackage.haskell.org/package/pipes Pandoc github repository https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/ CHAPTER 13.

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The idea is to take a template of phrases, ﬁll them in with blindly selected categories of words, and see if saying the ﬁnal version is amusing. Using an example from the Wikipedia article on Mad Libs: "___________! he said ______ as he jumped into his car exclamation adverb ____ and drove off with his _________ wife." noun adjective We can make this into a function, like the following: 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_Libs CHAPTER 15. MONOID, SEMIGROUP 580 import Data.Monoid type type type type type Verb = String Adjective = String Adverb = String Noun = String Exclamation = String madlibbin' :: Exclamation -> Adverb -> Noun -> Adjective -> String madlibbin' e adv noun adj = e <> "! he said " <> adv <> " as he jumped into his car " <> noun <> " and drove off with this " <> adj <> " wife."

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When Haskellers refer to algebras, they’re usually talking about a somewhat informal notion of operations over a type and its laws, such as with semigroups, monoids, groups, semirings, and rings. 15.16 Follow-up resources 1. Algebraic structure; Simple English Wikipedia; https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_structure 2. Algebraic structure; English Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_structure Chapter 16 Functor Lifting is the ”cheat mode” of type tetris. Michael Neale 599 CHAPTER 16. FUNCTOR 16.1 600 Functor In the last chapter on Monoid, we saw what it means to talk about an algebra and turn that into a typeclass. This chapter and the two that follow, on Applicative and Monad, will be on a similar topic.

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Political Ponerology (A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes)
by Andrew M. Lobaczewski
Published 1 Jan 2006

These were: Theological, Metaphysical, and Positive. He also created a universal hierarchy of all previous sciences, which he classified as organic or inorganic. Comte viewed “social physics” or sociology as the greatest of these; the science that would integrate all previous scientific knowledge. (See: Wikipedia, Auguste Comte, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Comte) (All online sources retrieved on January 10, .) [Editor’s note.] * * * [5]: John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was an English philosopher and political economist, was an influential liberal thinker of the 19th century. He was an advocate of utilitarianism, the ethical theory that was systemised by his godfather Jeremy Bentham.

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Ingeniously, he also argued that even false opinions have worth, in that in refuting false opinions the holders of true opinions have their beliefs reaffirmed. Without having to defend one’s beliefs, Mill argued, the beliefs would become dead and we would forget why we held them at all. (Wikipedia, John Stuart Mill, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill) [Editor’s note.] * * * [6]: See: “A Mess in Psychiatry”, an interview with Robert van Voren, General Secretary of the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, published in the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant on August 9, 1997, in which he says: “Since 1950 Soviet psychiatry has not just been standing still, but has gone downhill.

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When accepting the Nobel Prize, he apologized for a 1940 publication that included Nazi views of science, saying that “many highly decent scientists hoped, like I did, for a short time for good from National Socialism, and many quickly turned away from it with the same horror as I.” It seems highly likely that Lorenz’s ideas about an inherited basis for behavior patterns were congenial to the Nazi authorities, but there is no evidence to suggest that his experimental work was either inspired or distorted by Nazi ideas. (Wikipedia, Konrad Lorenz, http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Konrad_Lorenz) [Editor’s note.] * * * [8]: Relating to or marked by sthenia; strong, vigorous, or active. [Editor’s note.] * * * [9]: Conversive thinking: using terms but giving them opposing or twisted meanings. Examples: peacefulness = appeasement; freedom = license; initiative = arbitrariness; traditional = backward; rally = mob; efficiency = small-mindedness.

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What's Your Future Worth?: Using Present Value to Make Better Decisions
by Peter Neuwirth
Published 2 Mar 2015

Among other things, David’s most important work on the appropriate way of funding a pension plan (“Objectives and methods for funding defined benefit pension schemes,” Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, September 1987: 155–225) was never, in my opinion given the credit it deserves, and to this day very few actuaries have heard of the DABM (Defined Accrued Benefit Method). 23. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_System 24. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econometric_model 25. Nassim N. Taleb, Fooled by Randomness, Random House (Trade Paperback Edition), 2005. 26. Ibid. pp. 113–115. 27. Ibid. pp. 116–131. 28. Ibid. pp. 126–127. 29. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_equilibrium_theory 30. See FCC Record, Volume 07, No. 09, p. 2724, April 20–May 1, 1992. 31. Nassim N. Taleb, The Black Swan (Random House [Trade Paperback edition], 2010). 32.

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This is not just with respect to applications for disability benefits, as one would expect when people experience economic hardship and seek income from other sources, but it turns out that when times are tough, the actual rates of disability increase as well. See for example the Statement of Stephen Goss (Chief Actuary of the Social Security Administration) given before the House Committee on Ways and Means on March 14, 2013 (www.ssa.gov/legislation/testimony_031413a.html). Chapter 10 39. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cash_flow 40. Nassim N. Taleb, The Black Swan (Random House [Trade Paperback edition], 2010). 41. Frederick, Shane, George Lowenstein, and Ted O’Donoghue, “Time Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review.” Journal of Economic Literature 40: 351–401. 42. See, for example www.forbes.com/sites/joannmuller/2014/02/21/pensions-spared-worst-pain-in-detroit-recovery-plan/. 43.

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The Year Without Pants: Wordpress.com and the Future of Work
by Scott Berkun
Published 9 Sep 2013

Notes 1 For the quote, famous in geek circles, go to “The Science in Science Fiction,” Talk of the Nation, November 30, 1999, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1067220. 2 A. J. Jacobs, The Year of Living Biblically (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007). 3 The full list of commandments in the Old Testament can be found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/613_commandments. 4 Jody Thompson and Cari Ressler proposed a concept called ROWE, or Results Only Work Environment, at Best Buy, and they consult with companies on the concept (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROWE). However, ROWE was never mentioned once at Automattic. 5 See Alex Williams, “Working Alone, Together,” New York Times, May 3, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/fashion/solo-workers-bond-at-shared-workspaces.html?

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There were plenty of questions about Hovercards and how they'd work in different situations. Most of what I remember are the notable oohs and aahs as we did our demonstration, sounds I hadn't heard about software I'd worked on with a team of people for far too long. Notes 1 A good overview of the history of fire teams is at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireteam. 2 David McCullough, The Great Bridge (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983), 381. Chapter 8 The Future of Work, Part 1 Books about the future of work make the same mistake: they fail to look back at the history of work or, more precisely, the history of books about the future of work and how wrong they were.

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Kelling, “Broken Windows,” Atlantic Monthly (March 1982). 2 Just as a broken leg will take more time to fix than a scratch, a simple incoming-versus-fix chart discounts possibly important details such as the scope of each issue. 3 A good summary of the problems with evaluating programming work based on lines of code is at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_lines_of_code#Disadvantages. Chapter 11 Real Artists Ship In September 1983, the Apple Macintosh project was far behind schedule. The team was burning out but still had significant work left to do. Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple and visionary leader of the project, walked by the team's main hallway and wrote on a nearby easel what would become one of his best-known sayings: “Real Artists Ship.”

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We Are Bellingcat: Global Crime, Online Sleuths, and the Bold Future of News
by Eliot Higgins
Published 2 Mar 2021

v=EnmMZ2bSlnc 4 www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8754375/Gaddafis-ghost-town-after-the-loyalists-retreat.html 5 www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2011/aug/12/syria-libya-middle-east-unrest 6 af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE77A0UN20110811?sp=true 7 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Brega 8 www.youtube.com/watch?v=4UGBP043dz8 9 www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?ie=UTF&msa=0&mid=1c5sA598QOpHNvF0x08yrPsjHy4U&ll=30.486213501292106%2C19.72388699999999&z=19 10 www.bellingcat.com/resources/how-tos/2014/07/09/ a-beginners- guide-to-geolocation/ 11 www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/20/muammar-gaddafi-killing-witnesses www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15390980www.youtube.com/watch?

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time_continue=47&v=dRJnStU4izg 38 A prolific Twitter poster, @HamaEcho, pointed this out to me. On 5 December 2012, the account tweeted: ‘#offline forever. We are going to Ghouta soon. I have a bad feeling about this but the only thing that can happen is martyrdom or victory.’ That was the last recorded tweet. (twitter.com/HamaEcho/status/276416201943576576) 39 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K32_Strela-2 40 brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/06/even-more-increasingly-well-armed-free.html 41 web.archive.org/web/20130124155321/http://spectator.org/archives/2012/06/12/arming-the-free-syrian-army/ 42 www.pri.org/stories/2012-06-07/inside-syria-you-will-never-guess-who-arms-rebels www.pri.org/stories/2012-06-14/syria-s-rebels-learn-value-prisoner 43 www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9334707/US-holds-high-level-talks-with-Syrian-rebels-seeking-weapons-in-Washington.html 44 brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/06/increasingly-well-armed-fsa-and-other.html brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/06/even-more-increasingly-well-armed-free.htmlwww.youtube.com/watch?

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v=vJG698U2Mvo 45 Cq. twitter.com/EliotHiggins/status/222821174600663040 46 www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvCZNWxOZXg&feature=plcp 47 www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/06/2012611151436420866.html 48 www.hrw.org/news/2012/07/12/syria-evidence-cluster-munitions-use-syrian-forces brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/06/evidence-of-unguided-bombs-being.html 49 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-IX-2 50 www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/clustermunitions/ 51 www.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/cluster-bombs/what-is-a-cluster-bomb.aspx www.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/the-treaty/treaty-status.aspxwww.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/cluster-bombs/use-of-cluster-bombs/a-timeline-of-cluster-bomb-use.aspx 52 youtu.be/F92m9eqKP14 53 www.uxoinfo.com/blogcfc/client/index.cfm 54 brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/07/evidence-of-cluster-bombs-being.html 55 cjchivers.com/post/27009844587/has-the-syrian-government-used-cluster-bombs 56 www.hrw.org/news/2012/07/12/syria-evidence-cluster-munitions-use-syrian-forces 57 cjchivers.com/post/27063587043/syria-and-the-use-of-cluster-munitions-why-it 58 www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/ofab-250-270.htm www.armaco.bg/en/product/aerial-ammunitions-c17/ofab-250-270-p566arconpartners.net/products/ammunition/aircraft-bombs/ofab-250-270-high-explosive-fragmentation-bomb-he-frag/brown-moses.blogspot.com/2012/06/evidence-of-unguided-bombs-being.html 59 foreignpolicy.com/2012/07/30/syrias-diy-revolt/ 60 Robin Yassin-Kassab and Leila al-Shami, Burning Country: Syrians in Revolution and War, Pluto Press, 2016, p. 213. 61 www.youtube.com/watch?

Beautiful Visualization
by Julie Steele
Published 20 Apr 2010

[6] For a thorough survey of tag cloud designs, with thoughtful commentary, see http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/11/07/tag-clouds-gallery-examples-and-good-practices/. [7] See http://manyeyes.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/page/Tag_Cloud.html. [8] See http://www.citeulike.org/user/andreacapocci/article/1326856. [9] See http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-cumulus/. [10] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin_packing_problem. [11] See http://levitated.net/daily/levEmotionFractal.html. [12] See http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap-history/. [13] See http://github.com/vcl/cue.language. [14] For an illuminating demonstration of this craft, see Peter Norvig’s chapter on natural-language processing in the sister O’Reilly book Beautiful Data

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Lattice: Multivariate Data Visualization with R. New York: Springer-Verlag. Tufte, Edward. 2001. Envisioning Information, Chapter 4. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press. Ware, Colin. 2000. Information Visualization, Chapter 4. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. [1] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIELUV_color_space. [2] See http://processing.org. Chapter Five Mapping Information: Redesigning the New York City Subway Map Eddie Jabbour, as told to Julie Steele Maps are one of the most basic data visualizations that we have; we’ve been making them for millennia.

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“The Senate Social Network: Slate presents a Facebook-style visualization of the Senate.” http://bit.ly/FD5QY. [1] I should note here that in this context, “graph” means a collection of nodes and edges, not an x, y data plot. [2] See http://bit.ly/4iZib. [3] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washingtons_Farewell_Address. [4] See http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/washing.asp. Chapter Nine The Big Picture: Search and Discovery Todd Holloway Search and discovery are two styles of information retrieval. Search is a familiar modality, well exemplified by Google and other web search engines.

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Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software
by Scott Rosenberg
Published 2 Jan 2006

It is available online at http://www.arquitetura.ufmg.br/rcesar/alex/_city index.cfm. The story of Donn Denman and the cancellation of MacBasic is at Folklore.org, at http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh& story=MacBasic.txt. Wikipedia defines Foobar at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_bar, and fubar at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUBAR. “because people read these names”: Ward Cunningham’s talk at the OOPSLA Conference, October 2004, Vancouver, B.C. Alec Flett first posted his parody of Hungarian notation on a Mozilla newsgroup in 1999. He repeated it in a blog posting from June 14, 2004, at http://www.flett.org/archives/2004/06/14/16.34.17/ index.htm.

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“Three years” represents the time I spent observing the Chandler project from January 2003 through December 2005. “4,732 bugs” is the number of bugs entered into the Chandler Bugzilla database on the date I completed writing the manuscript for this book; the number has since climbed. CHAPTER O SOFTWARE TIME The game Sumer (also known as Hamurabi or Hammurabi) is documented in Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamurabi. Full Basic code for the game can be found in David H. Ahl, ed., BASIC Computer Games (Creative Computing, 1978). Salon’s content management software is documented in an article in the online magazine Design Interact at http://www.designinteract.com/features_d/salon/index.htm.

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Torvalds’s “Just a hobby” quotation is from his 1991 message announcing the Linux project to the comp.os.minix newsgroup. It is archived many places online, e.g. at http://www.linux.org/people/linus_post.htm. “that purists call GNU-Linux”: a good account of this issue is in Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_ controversy. The “Free speech” vs. “Free beer” argument is outlined at http://www.gnu.org/ philosophy/free-sw.htm. All quotations from “The Cathedral and the Bazaar” may be found in the online version at http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/index.htm.

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Work Rules!: Insights From Inside Google That Will Transform How You Live and Lead
by Laszlo Bock
Published 31 Mar 2015

Whitman, and Chockalingam Viswesvaran, “Employee Proactivity in Organizations: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Emergent Proactive Constructs,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 83, no. 2 (2010): 275–300. (A meta-analysis of 103 samples.) 225. Wikipedia, “Poka-yoke,” last modified May 11, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poka-yoke. 226. Steven F. Venti and David A. Wise, “Choice, Chance, and Wealth Dispersion at Retirement,” in Aging Issues in the United States and Japan, eds. Seiritsu Ogura, Toshiaki Tachibanaki, and David A. Wise (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001), 25–64. 227. Wikipedia, “Household Income in the United States,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States. Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica C. Smith, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2011,” US Census Bureau (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2012).

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“Mission & Values,” McDonald’s, http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mission_and_values.html. 43. “The Power of Purpose,” Proctor & Gamble, http://www.pg.com/en_US/company/purpose_people/index.shtml. 44. Wikipedia, “Timeline of Google Street View,” last modified May 19, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Google_Street_View. 45. South Base Camp, Mt. Everest, https://www.google.com/maps/@28.007168,86.86105,3a,75y,92.93h,87.22t/data=!3m5!1e1!3m3!1sUdU6omw_CrN8sm7NWUnpcw!2e0!3e2. 46. Heron Island, https://www.google.com/maps/views/streetview/oceans?gl=us. 47. Philip Salesses, Katja Schechtner, and César A.

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Swider, “Candidate Characteristics Driving Initial Impressions During Rapport Building: Implications for Employment Interview Validity,” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 85, no. 2 (2012): 330–352. 81. J. T. Prickett, N. Gada-Jain, and F. J. Bernieri, “The Importance of First Impressions in a Job Interview,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL, May 2000. 82. Wikipedia, “Confirmation bias,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias#CITEREFPlous1993, citing Scott, Plous, The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), 233. 83. Gladwell, “The New-Boy Network, The New Yorker, May 29, 2000: 68–86. 84. N. Munk and S. Oliver, “Think Fast!” Forbes, 159, no. 6 (1997): 146–150.

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Too Big to Know: Rethinking Knowledge Now That the Facts Aren't the Facts, Experts Are Everywhere, and the Smartest Person in the Room Is the Room
by David Weinberger
Published 14 Jul 2011

May 11, 2010, http://blogs.hbr.org/imagining-the-future-of-leadership/2010/05/whats-your-primary-focus-leade.html. 8 From the Wikipedia entry “Virginia Tech Massacre,” http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Tech_massacre&oldid=4183 36016. 9 Andrea Forte and Amy Bruckman, “Scaling Consensus: Increasing Decentralization in Wikipedia Governance,” Proceedings of HICSS [Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences], Waikoloa, Hawaii, January 2008, http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/5638/ForteBruckmanScalingConsensus.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1. 10 “Virginia Tech Massacre,” http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virginia_Tech_massacre&oldid=418336016. 11 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT. 12 Quoted in Forte and Bruckman, “Scaling Consensus,” p. 6. 13 See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

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Pinter, 1984). 19 Wurman, Information Anxiety, p. 34. 20 Roger E. Bohn and James E. Short, “How Much Information? 2009 Report on American Consumers,” Global Information Industry Center, University of California–San Diego (2009), p. 7, http://hmi.ucsd.edu/howmuchinfo.php. 21 This figure is cited at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zettabyte. 22 Quoted in Ann Blair, “Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550–1700,” Journal of the History of Ideas 63, no. 1 (January 2003): 11–28 at 15. 23 Quoted in Daniel Rosenberg, “Early Modern Information Overload,” Journal of the History of Ideas 63, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–9. at 1, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3654292. 24 Quoted in Richard I.

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title=Virginia_Tech_massacre&oldid=418336016. 11 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT. 12 Quoted in Forte and Bruckman, “Scaling Consensus,” p. 6. 13 See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Notability&oldid=386469793. 14 Interview with Jimmy Wales, October 1, 2010. 15 Ibid. 16 Kristie Lu Stout, “Reclusive Linux Founder Opens Up,” World Business section of CNN.com, May 29, 2006, http://edition.cnn.com/2006/BUSINESS/05/18/global.office.linustorvalds/. One guess at the number of developers who worked on Windows 7 is 1,000, based on a post by Steve Sinofsky at the “Engineering Windows 7” blog on August 17, 2008 (http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2008/08/18/windows_5f00_7_5f00_team.aspx).

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Curation Nation
by Rosenbaum, Steven
Published 27 Jan 2011

Part I” latimes.com, February 18, 2009. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/twitter-creator.html “Twitter” retreived from wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter Kevin O’Keefe: “Twitter’s growth continues at super-linear rate: Powerful professional and business development tool for lawyers” kevin.lexblog.com, July 5, 2010. http://kevin.lexblog.com/2010/07/articles/twitter-1/twitters-growth-continues-at-superlinear-rate-powerful-professional-and-business-development-tool-for-lawyers/ “Esther Dyson” retrieved from wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Dyson James Turner: “Tim O’Reilly - Why Twitter Matters for News” radar.oreilly.com, May 7, 2009. http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/05/tim-oreilly-why-twitter-matt.html Rachel Sklar “Fair Use: Okay, Let’s Talk About It” mediaite.com, August 13, 2010. http://www.mediaite.com/online/fair-use-okay-lets-talk-about-it/ Chapter 9 Dylan Stableford: “Jay Rosen on Content Farms: Demand Media Not Evil, But Still Demonic” thewrap.com, July 7, 2010. http://www.thewrap.com/media/column-post/jay-rosen-content-farms-demand-media-not-evil-still-demonic-19027 “Web Site Interest: curation.” http://www.google.com/insights/search/#q=curation&cmpt=q Kara Swisher: “Demand Media Is Mad as Hell and, Well, Pens a Manifesto (And Here It Is!)”

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from=hp.featured Additional material from Amy Wilson re: StreamingGourmet from an interview with the author, July 2010 “Wallace, DeWitt—Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: DeWitt Wallace, Social and Economic Impact.” http://encyclopedia.jrank.org. http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6384/Wallace-DeWitt.html#ixzz175HPPn00 Michael Kinsley: “Advice for Newsweek from Henry Luce” theatlanticwire.com, May 21, 2010. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/editor-at-large/view/article/Advice-for-Newsweek-from-Henry-Luce-11 “Cable Television History” retrieved from inventors.about.com. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcabletelevision.htm Diane Makar Murphy: “The History of Cable TV” ehow.com. http://www.ehow.com/about_5068693_history-cable-tv.html “Wallace, DeWitt—Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: DeWitt Wallace, Social and Economic Impact” retrieved from encyclopedia.jrank.org. http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/6384/Wallace-DeWitt.html Alan Brinkley: “What Would Henry Luce Make of the Digital Age?” time.com, April 8, 2010. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1978794,00.html#ixzz0n9k5AEGK “Reader’s Digest” retrieved from wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest Steven Rosenbaum: “What Susan Boyle Taught Me About Advertising” mediabizblogger.com, May 4, 2009. http://www.jackmyers.com/commentary/media-business-bloggers/44299967.html Andrew LaVallee: “The Susan Boyle Bubble” blogs.wsj.com, April 16, 2009. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/04/16/the-susan-boyle-bubble//?

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Penguin Group 2009 Josh Halliday, “Forbes to launch ‘major upgrade’ of social media” guardian.co.uk, August 3, 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/pda/2010/aug/03/forbes-social-media Jeff Bercovici: “Lewis Dvorkin on the Future of Forbes: More ‘Entrepreneurial,’ ‘Scalable’” dailyfinance.com, July 1, 2010. http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/media/lewis-dvorkin-on-the-future-of-forbes-more-entrepreneurial-an/19537682/ Marshall Kirkpatrick: “Google CEO Schmidt: ‘People Aren’t Ready for the Technology Revolotion’” readwriteweb.com, August 4, 2010. http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/google_ceo_schmidt_people_arent_ready_for_the_tech.php Dan Tynan: “Prepare for Data Tsunami, Warns Google CEO” pcworld.com, August 6, 2010. http://www.pcworld.com/article/202817/prepare_for_data_tsunami_warns_google_ceo.html?tk=hp_new “Jeff Jarvis” retrieved from wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Jarvis David Chase: “Forbes Magazine, The History” ezinearticles.com. http://ezinearticles.com/?Forbes-Magazine,-The-History&id=88697 David Carr: “A Gamble on a Weekly That Paid Off” nyimes.com, August 8, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/business/09carr.html?_r=1&ref=david_carr Steven Rosenbaum: “Fast Company Founder on future of Curation & Magazines” huffingtonpost.com, January 30, 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/steve-rosenbaum/fast-company-founder-on-f_b_443152.html Steven Rosenbaum: “Is ‘Everyone’ the Media now?”

Exploring ES6 - Upgrade to the next version of JavaScript
by Axel Rauschmayer
Published 3 Oct 2015

Typed Arrays are iterable Support for the species pattern An inheritance hierarchy where TypedArray<T> is the superclass of all Typed Array classes It may take a while until these are available everywhere. As usual, kangax’ “ES6 compatibility table²⁶” describes the status quo. ²⁴https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG#Syntax_and_structure ²⁵https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_File_Interchange_Format#File_format_structure ²⁶https://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/#typed_arrays 21. Iterables and iterators ECMAScript 6 introduces a new interface for iteration, Iterable. This chapter explains how it works, which language constructs consume data via it (e.g., the new for-of loop) and which sources provide data via it (e.g., Arrays). 21.1 Overview The following two entities play important roles in iteration: • Iterable: An iterable is a data structure that wants to make its elements accessible to the public.

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Such a media type can be associated with a file via an HTTP header: Content-Type: application/ecmascript;version=6 It can also be associated via the type attribute of the <script> element (whose default value² is text/javascript): <script type="application/ecmascript;version=6"> ··· </script> This specifies the version out of band, externally to the actual content. Another option is to specify the version inside the content (in-band). For example, by starting a file with the following line: ¹http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_media_type ²http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/scripting-1.html#attr-script-type 13 One JavaScript: avoiding versioning in ECMAScript 6 14 use version 6; Both ways of tagging are problematic: out-of-band versions are brittle and can get lost, in-band versions add clutter to code.

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If possible, cyclic dependencies should be avoided, they lead to A and B being tightly coupled – they can only be used and evolved together. Why support cyclic dependencies, then? Occasionally, you can’t get around them, which is why support for them is an important feature. A later section has more information. Let’s see how CommonJS and ECMAScript 6 handle cyclic dependencies. ⁵http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_dependency 253 Modules 17.3.5.1 Cyclic dependencies in CommonJS The following CommonJS code correctly handles two modules a and b cyclically depending on each other. //------ a.js -----var b = require('b'); function foo() { b.bar(); } exports.foo = foo; //------ b.js -----var a = require('a'); // (i) function bar() { if (Math.random()) { a.foo(); // (ii) } } exports.bar = bar; If module a is imported first then, in line i, module b gets a’s exports object before the exports are added to it.

Kanban in Action
by Marcus Hammarberg and Joakim Sunden
Published 17 Mar 2014

Finally, with three sigmas, you cover 99.7%. Calculating one sigma[15] from a sample is pretty advanced mathematics, but thankfully almost all spreadsheet programs have formulas for that in their arsenal.[16] With this sample, you get STDEVP(31,23,19,24,22,21) ≈ 3.4. 14 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68-95-99.7_rule. 15 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation. 16 In Excel it’s called DSTDEVP, and for Google spreadsheets it’s called STDEVP. The upper control limit is now (after doing the mind-bending sigma stuff) easy to calculate. You use an upper control limit of one sigma above the average, therefore, according to the 68-95-99.7 rule, taking 68% of the population into consideration.

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Practices from the agile software development community movement might help you to improve collaboration and quality and thereby improve the flow of your system. It’s up to you which route you take to improve your system. The important thing is that you react to the signals that your work is sending you and improve on it. 3 Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_constraints to read about the Theory of Constraints (TOC). In reality, you’ll see the principles combined with each other a lot. For example, in order to get a quicker flow, you limit WIP, which is also shown visually on the board. With a visualized workflow, a limit for the WIP, and a focus on moving work through your workflow, you have set yourself up to easily spot improvement opportunities.

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Following are a few alternative strategies to solve different aspects of the benefits ascribed to estimates. Studying the nature and type of demands on the system enables the use of probabilistic forecasting and simulation to create robust plans based on historical data. One pioneer in this field is Troy Magennis, with his work on the Monte Carlo simulation.[18] 18 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method. Others reach a point where they don’t estimate but rely on what I’ve dubbed The Law of Average Averages. This law states that On average, an average work item will take average time to complete. The observation is that assuming requests are similar enough, or that the team has learned to instinctively break work down into “right-sized” chunks, you can skip estimation and consider them all average.

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Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa
by Dambisa Moyo
Published 17 Mar 2009

African proverb Notes Preface 1. For details of the Battle of Adowa see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BattleofAdowa. Introduction 1. The 2001 Labour Party Conference was held in the City of Brighton and Hove. 1. The Myth of Aid 1. Various UNAIDS reports on the global AIDS epidemic. 2. Freedom House: http://www.freedomhouse.org; and International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance: http://www.idea.int/. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSESecuritiesExchange; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZimbabweStockExchange. 4. In terms of Price/Earnings (essentially a measure of how much value investors predict in the future of African companies), African P/Es, at 15 times, have been roughly commensurate with the emerging economies’ (Brazil, Russia, India and China) average of 19 times. 5.

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Interview with Rwanda’s President Kagame, Time, September 2007, at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1666064,00.html. 11. From Brenthurst Foundation July 2007 Discussion Paper: ‘Speech by His Excellency President Paul Kagame’. 3. Aid Is Not Working 1. Details of the 1885 Berlin Conference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BerlinConference. 2. ‘Institutions that provide dependable property rights, manage conflict, maintain law and order, and align economic incentives with social costs and benefits are the foundation of long-term growth. The quality of institutions is key: good institutions are those that provide public offcials with the incentives to provide market-fostering public goods at least cost in terms of corruption and rent seeking.

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Learning Vue.js 2: Learn How to Build Amazing and Complex Reactive Web Applications Easily With Vue.js
by Olga Filipova
Published 13 Dec 2016

Or maybe I want to have bigger working Pomodoros, let's say 25 or 30 minutes. It should definitely be configurable. Let's thoroughly check the description of the Pomodoro technique in Wikipedia to see if we are missing something: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique . I'm pretty sure we are. Check this point at the underlying principles: "After four pomodoros, take a longer break (15-30 minutes), reset your checkmark count to zero, then go to step 1." --https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique Aha! Something should happen after four Pomodoros. Bigger interval, more time staring at cats (or doing whatever you want to do). Hmm, probably it would be nice to be able to configure this period of time as well!

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That's why I decided to add some neutral sound to our application during the working period of time. It was proven by some studies that different noises (white, pink, brown, and so on) are good for the kind of work where a high level of concentration is required. The Wikipedia entry about these studies can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_masking . And some Quora experts talking about this can be found at http://bit.ly/2cmRVW2 . In this section, we will use the Web Audio API ( https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API ) to create a plugin for Vue that generates white, pink, and brown noises. We will provide a mechanism to instantiate one noise or another using Vue directives and we will also provide global Vue methods that will start and pause these sounds.

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With this in mind, in this chapter, we are going to do the following: Set up a continuous integration process using Travis Set up a continuous deployment using Heroku Software deployment Before starting to deploy our applications, let's first try to define what it actually means: "Software deployment is all of the activities that make a software system available for use." – Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_deployment This definition means that after we perform all the necessary activities, our software will be accessible to the public. In our case, as we are deploying web applications, it means that there will be a public URL, and any person will be able to type this URL on their browser and access the application.

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API Design Patterns
by Jj Geewax
Published 19 Jul 2021

If the API service knows something about when a request is likely to be successful if retried, it should indicate this using a Retry-After HTTP header. 30 Request authentication This chapter covers Requirements of a request authentication system Overview of digital signatures Credential generation, registration, and signing Fingerprinting HTTP requests Communicating the details of a signature Verifying signatures and authenticating HTTP requests In this pattern, we’ll explore how and why to use public-private key exchange and digital signatures (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature) to authenticate all incoming API requests. This ensures that all inbound requests have guaranteed integrity and origin authenticity and that they cannot be later repudiated by the sender. While alternatives (e.g., shared secrets and HMAC; https://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/HMAC) are acceptable in the majority of cases, these fail when it comes to introducing third parties where nonrepudiation is required. 30.1 Motivation So far, we’ve simply assumed that all API requests are guaranteed to be authentic, leaving security to be dealt with later on.

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Listing 3.7 Alterations to the example interfaces to include units interface CalculateImpulseResponse { impulsePoundForceSeconds: number; ❶ } interface CalculateManeuverRequest { impulseNewtonSeconds: number; ❶ } ❶ Here it becomes obvious that you can’t just take the output of one API method and feed it into the next method due to the different units. Obviously the Mars Climate Orbiter was a far more complicated piece of software and machinery than portrayed here, and it’s unlikely that this exact scenario (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter#Cause_of_failure) could have been avoided simply by using more descriptive names. That said, it’s a good illustration of why descriptive names are valuable and can help highlight differences in assumptions, particularly when coordinating between different teams. 3.7 Exercises Imagine you need to create an API for managing recurring schedules (“This event happens once per month”).

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We’ll explore more about hierarchies and both their drawbacks and benefits in section 4.2. 4.1.2 Entity relationship diagrams Throughout this chapter, you may have seen some interesting symbols at the ends of the lines connecting the different resources. While we don’t have time to go into a full deep dive of UML (Unified Modeling Language; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Unified_Modeling_Language), we can at least look at some of these arrows and explain how they work. In short, rather than an arbitrary arrow pointing from one resource to another, we can have the arrow ends convey important information about the relationship. More specifically, each arrow end can tell us how many resources might be on the other end.

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With Liberty and Dividends for All: How to Save Our Middle Class When Jobs Don't Pay Enough
by Peter Barnes
Published 31 Jul 2014

“Robots don’t complain, or demand higher wages, or kill themselves,” Economist, August 6, 2011, http://www.economist.com/node/21525432. 15. Harold Meyerson, “Back from China?” American Prospect, December 2011, 43. Chapter 3: Fix the System, Not the Symptoms 1. “Pareto principle,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle. 2. Joshua M. Epstein and Robert L. Axtell, Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996). 3. Chuck Collins, 99 to 1: How Wealth Inequality Is Wrecking the World and What We Can Do about It (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012). 4.

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Dean Baker, “Reducing Waste with an Efficient Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit,” Center for Economic and Policy Research Issue Brief, Washington, DC, January 2013, http://www.cepr.net/documents/publica-tions/medicare-drug-2012-12.pdf. 11. For an explanation of fractional reserve banking, see “Fractional reserve banking,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_reserve_banking. 12. For data on financial-industry profits, see Sameer Khatiwada, “Did the financial sector profit at the expense of the rest of the economy? Evidence from the United States,” Discussion paper 206, International Institute for Labour Studies, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010, figure 1, p. 2, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---inst/documents/publication/wcms_192804.pdf.

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Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees, A Summary of the 2013 Annual Reports, http://www.ssa.gov/oact/trsum/; US Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, Financial Data Handbookfor 2012, http://workforcesecurity.doleta.gov/unemploy/hb394/hndbkrpt.asp. 3. When applied to nature, co-owned wealth user fees can be thought of as value subtracted fees—that is, compensation for harm done. They both internalize and discourage externalities, a benefit that value added taxes don’t provide. 4 “European Union value added tax,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_value_added_tax. Philippe van Parijs calculates that an EU-wide dividend of about $3,250 per year would require an increase in EU VAT rates of about 20 percent. Social European Journal, July 3, 2013, http://www.social-europe.eu/author/philippe-van-parijs. 5. CLEAR Act text, http://www.cantwell.senate.gov/issues/Leg_Text.pdf. 6.

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The Future Is Faster Than You Think: How Converging Technologies Are Transforming Business, Industries, and Our Lives
by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler
Published 28 Jan 2020

For its 2020 launch: Ibid. eVTOLs are being developed: Ibid. They’ve also teamed up with: For a full breakdown of Uber’s partners, see: https://www.uber.com/us/en/elevate/partners/. Vehicles capable of flight: “Vimana” is the name of the mythological flying chariots describe in early Hindu texts. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimana. Even the more modern incarnations: Steven Kotler, Tomorrowland (New Harvest, 2015), pp. 97–105. Converging Technology Moore’s Law: See: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/silicon-innovations/moores-law-technology.html. as a human brain: Ray Kurzweil, How to Create a Mind (Viking, 2012), pp. 179–198.

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Census Bureau, “Average One-Way Commuting Time by Metropolitan Areas,” December 7, 2017. See: https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/travel-time.html. there were a hundred plus automotive brands: You can find an aggregated list of car brands, both in service and retired, at this Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_car_brands. the average car owner: Donald Shoup, The High Cost of Free Parking (Routledge, 2011), p. 624. America has almost half-a-million parking spaces: Richard Florida, “Parking Has Eaten American Cities,” CityLab, July 24, 2018. MIT professor of urban planning: Eran Ben-Joseph, ReThinking a Lot (MIT Press, 2012), pp. xi–xix.

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Dragon TV: Matt McFarland, “What Happened When a Chinese TV Station Replaced Its Meteorologist with a Chatbot,” Washington Post, January 12, 2016. consider the service economy: John Ward, “The Services Sector: How Best to Measure It?,” International Trade Organization, October 2010. forty-three different types of traffic signs: To track the progress in machine learning, Wikipedia has a useful chart here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_learning. See also: Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson, Machine Platform Crowd (Norton, 2017), pp. 66–86. AI-piloted drone: For a demo, see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gsfkGlSajHQ. AI assistant named Duplex: See: https://ai.googleblog.com/2018/05/duplex-ai-system-for-natural-conversation.html.

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Mind in Motion: How Action Shapes Thought
by Barbara Tversky
Published 20 May 2019

He taught me how rich and funny and clever and beautiful the medium is. Cartoon guides: Larry Gonick: http://www.larrygonick.com Comics for kids: Toon Books: http://www.toon-books.com Journalism: Archcomix: http://www.archcomix.com; Palestine (comics) in Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_(comics); The Influencing Machine: Brooke Gladstone on the Media: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencing_Machine_(book) Compendium of excellent examples of comics art: Carlin, J., Karasik, P., & Walker, B. (2005). Masters of American comics. Los Angeles, CA: Hammer Museum and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in association with Yale University Press.

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Pictorial and verbal tools for conveying routes. In C. Freksa & D. M. Mark (Eds.), Spatial information theory. Cognitive and computational foundations of geographic information science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 1661). Berlin, Germany: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Figure 8.14. Source: Fibonacci. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_contours#/media/File:Kanizsa_triangle.svg Figure 8.15. Source: Zacks, J., & Tversky, B. (1999). Bars and lines: A study of graphic communication. Memory & Cognition, 27(6), 1073–1079. Figure 8.17. Source: Heiser, J., & Tversky, B. (2006). Arrows in comprehending and producing mechanical diagrams.

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Does a rock picture in the cave of Lascaux show the open star cluster of the Pleiades at the Magdalénien era (ca 15.300 BC)? In C. Jaschek & F. Atrio Barendela (Eds.), Proceedings of the IVth SEAC Meeting “Astronomy and Culture” (pp. 217–225). Salamanca, Spain: University of Salamanca. Wikipedia. (n.d.). Star chart. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_chart Native American hand maps, annotated with gestures Finney, B. (1998). Nautical cartography and traditional navigation in Oceania. In D. Woodward & G. M. Lewis (Eds.), The history of cartography. Vol. 2, Book Three: Cartography in the traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific societies (pp. 443–492).

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The Lucky Years: How to Thrive in the Brave New World of Health
by David B. Agus
Published 29 Dec 2015

Reprinted with permission of the Institut Pasteur—Musée Pasteur. Page 39: “End of History” illustration. Courtesy of author. Page 42: The Hydra image comes from Wikimedia Commons, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Hydra_magnipapillata.jpg. Page 44: The killifish image comes from Wikimedia Commons, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothobranchius_furzeri#/media/File:Nothobranchius_furzeri_GRZ_thumb. Page 46: Quantification of biological aging graphic. Duke University School and Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences. Used with permission. Page 50: Tumor sequencing results (lung cancer). Courtesy of Foundation Medicine, Inc.

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Page 51: The CT image of the lung is taken from Wikimedia, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Biopsie_Lunge_Computertomographie_BC.png. Page 54: Tumor sequencing results (bladder cancer). Courtesy of Foundation Medicine, Inc. Page 68 The photo of the cave, entitled “Lechuguilla Cave Pearlsian Gulf,” comes from Wikipedia and was uploaded by Beyond Science, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lechuguilla_Cave#/media/File:Lechuguilla_Cave_Pearlsian_Gulf.jpg, accessed August 7, 2015. Page 72: Photo of Sir William Osler. Medical archives of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Used with permission. Page 73: Caricature of Sir William Osler. Medical archives of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

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Medical archives of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Used with permission. Page 96–100: Examples of the Bills of Mortality. Courtesy of Jay Walker, the Walker Library of the History of Human Imagination. Used with permission. Page 106: The illustration of the mitochondria comes from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondrion_structure.svg. Page 110: The illustration of new reproductive techniques is an adaptation of a similar illustration featured in the article. Courtesy of author. Page 126: Chart of life expectancy. Figures based on data from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

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The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty
by Benjamin H. Bratton
Published 19 Feb 2016

1996, http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/sakamurainterview_tw42.html. Images of TRON diagrams can be found most easily on Wikipedia, but are also on this book's companion website, thestack.org. See http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/tronlogo.html; http://tronweb.super-nova.co.jp/homepage.html; and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRON_Project. 30. As discussed, the four-layer TCP/IP “won,” but for purposes of explication, the open systems interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model provides a more detailed profile. As indicated, the OSI model is a standardized subdivision of component zones and functions of information networks into logical discrete layers, each of which provides specific “services” to the layer just beneath in the stack and receives services from the layer just above it.

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See this discussion of Gelernter's influence on the conceptual development of the Cloud: David Gelernter, John Markoff, and Clay Shirky, “Lord of the Cloud,” Edge, April 29, 2009, http://edge.org/conversation/lord-of-the-cloud. For a sense of Gelernter's political conservatism, see http://www.nationalreview.com/author/david-gelernter. 7. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time. 8. Sun Microsystems’ old tagline, “the network is the computer” has been realized, especially if the definition of network is expanded to include both the physical computing network and the network of users providing content and feedback. 9. See Stu Woo, “Welcome to Amazon Town,” Wall Street Journal, December 20, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204058404577108821485438232. 10.

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See the white paper studies by Cisco: “The Zettabyte Era: Trends and Analysis,” June 10, 2014, http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/VNI_Hyperconnectivity_WP.pdf, and “Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2013–2018” http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/global-cloud-index-gci/Cloud_Index_White_Paper.pdf. 27. For a basic definition and explanation, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing. 28. See Eric Price and David P. Woodruff, “Applications of the Shannon-Hartley Theorem to Data Streams and Sparse Recovery,” 2012, retrieved from IBM Watson researcher site May 8, 2015, http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-dpwoodru/pw12.pdf. 29.

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The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution
by Walter Isaacson
Published 6 Oct 2014

See also Larry Sanger, “My Role in Wikipedia,” http://larrysanger.org/roleinwp.html; “User:Larry Sanger/Origins of Wikipedia,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Larry_Sanger/Origins_of_Wikipedia; “History of Wikipedia” and its talk page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia, along with Jimmy Wales edit changes to the article, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184; Talk: Bomis, revisions made by Jimmy Wales, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=11139857. 99. Kovitz, “The Conversation at the Taco Stand.” 100. Larry Sanger, “Let’s Make a Wiki,” Nupedia message thread, Jan. 10, 2001, http://archive.is/yovNt. 101.

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Nupedia, http://archive.is/IWDNq. 93. Author’s interview with Jimmy Wales; Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution, 960. 94. Author’s interview with Jimmy Wales. 95. Larry Sanger, “Origins of Wikipedia,” Sanger user page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Larry_Sanger/Origins_of_Wikipedia; Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution, 1049. 96. Ben Kovitz, “The Conversation at the Taco Stand,” Kovitz user page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:BenKovitz. 97. Jimmy Wales, “Re: Sanger’s Memoirs” thread, Apr. 2005, http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/021463.html. 98. Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, “Re: Sanger’s Memoirs” thread, Apr. 2005, http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/021460.html, http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/021469.html, and subsequent.

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Wikipedia press release, Jan. 15, 2002, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases/January_2002. 106. Author’s interview with Jimmy Wales. 107. Shirky, “Wikipedia—An Unplanned Miracle.” 108. Yochai Benkler, “Coase’s Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm,” Yale Law Journal (2002), http://soc.ics.uci.edu/Resources/bibs.php?793; Yochai Benkler, The Penguin and the Leviathan: How Cooperation Triumphs over Self-Interest (Crown, 2011). 109. Daniel Pink, “The Buck Stops Here,” Wired, Mar. 2005; Tim Adams, “For Your Information,” Guardian, June 30, 2007; Lord Emsworth user page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lord_Emsworth; Peter Steiner, New Yorker cartoon, July 5, 1993, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Internet,_nobody_knows_you’re_a_dog. 110.

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The Missing Billionaires: A Guide to Better Financial Decisions
by Victor Haghani and James White
Published 27 Aug 2023

Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Allais paradox. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allais_paradox Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Merton's portfolio problem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton%27s_portfolio_problem Wikipedia contributors. (2022). Gini coefficient. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient Wikipedia contributors. (2022). Isoelastic utility. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelastic_utility Wikipedia contributors. (2022). Kelly criterion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_criterion. Wikipedia contributors. (2022). Wealth Inequality in the United States. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_inequality_in_the_United_States.

pages: 360 words: 100,991

Heart of the Machine: Our Future in a World of Artificial Emotional Intelligence
by Richard Yonck
Published 7 Mar 2017

Enard W., Przeworski M., Fisher S.E., Lai C.S., Wiebe V., Kitano T., Monaco A.P., Pääbo S. “Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language.” Nature 418, 869–872 (August 22, 2002). 12. Today we refer to such overconfidence as the Dunning-Kruger effect, a form of cognitive bias. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning–Kruger_effect. 13. Christiansen, M.H., Kirby, S. “Language evolution: consensus and controversies.” TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, Vol.7 No.7. July 2003. 14. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. “The neural and cognitive correlates of aimed throwing in chimpanzees: a magnetic resonance image and behavioural study on a unique form of social tool use,” January 12, 2012, vol. 367 no. 1585 37–47. 15.

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“Soldiers are developing relationships with their battlefield robots, naming them, assigning genders, and even holding funerals when they are destroyed.” Reddit, 2013. 3. Ibid. 4. “Personal Robot That Shows Emotions Sells Out in One Minute.” Gaudin, S. ComputerWorld. June 22, 2015. 5. Theory of mind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_mind. 6. Reductionism in this context being the idea that the mind is reducible to a set of physical processes that could then be emulated or replicated in an alternate substrate or environment, given sufficiently advanced technology. Ney, A. Reductionism. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

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Leyzberg, D., Spaulding, S., Toneva, M., Scassellati, B. “The Physical Presence of a Robot Tutor Increases Cognitive Learning Gains.” CogSci 2012 Proceedings. 6. Bloom, B. “The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring,” Educational Researcher, 13:6(4–16), 1984; Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom’s_2_Sigma_Problem. 7. In normal distributions, two sigma or two standard deviations is equal to about 95.45 percent. However, in his paper, Bloom references several data sources that exceed 90 percent and focuses on results of 98 percent. 8. Leyzberg, D., Spaulding, S., Scassellati, B.

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Getting Started with Pyparsing
by Paul McGuire
Published 15 Dec 2007

Having this will: • Help clarify your thoughts on the problem • Guide your parser design • Give you a checklist of things to do as you implement your parser • Help you know when you are done Fortunately, in developing parsers, there is a simple notation to use to describe the layout for a parser called Backus-Naur Form (BNF). You can find good examples of BNF at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/backus-naur_form. It is not vital that you be absolutely rigorous in your BNF notation; just get a clear idea ahead of time of what your grammar needs to include. For the BNFs we write in this book, we'll just use this abbreviated notation: • ::= means "is defined as" • + means "1 or more" • * means "0 or more" • items enclosed in []are optional • succession of items means that matching tokens must occur in sequence • | means either item may occur Use the Grammar to Parse the Input Text In early versions of pyparsing, this step was limited to using the parseString method, as in: assignmentTokens = assignmentExpr.parseString("pi=3.14159") to retrieve the matching tokens as parsed from the input text.

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Here is a sample S-expression describing an authentication certificate: (certificate (issuer (name (public-key rsa-with-md5 (e |NFGq/E3wh9f4rJIQVXhS|) (n |d738/4ghP9rFZ0gAIYZ5q9y6iskDJwASi5rEQpEQq8ZyMZeIZzIAR2I5iGE=|)) aid-committee)) (subject (ref (public-key rsa-with-md5 (e |NFGq/E3wh9f4rJIQVXhS|) (n |d738/4ghP9rFZ0gAIYZ5q9y6iskDJwASi5rEQpEQq8ZyMZeIZzIAR2I5iGE=|)) tom mother)) (not-after "1998-01-01_09:00:00") (tag (spend (account "12345678") (* numeric range "1" "1000")))) The attraction of S-expressions is that they consist purely of lists of basic character or numeric strings, with structure represented using nested parentheses. The languages Lisp and Scheme use S-expressions as their actual program syntax. Here is a factorial function written in Common Lisp: (defun factorial (x) (if (zerop x) 1 (* x (factorial (- x 1))))) The online Wikipedia article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s-expression) has more background and additional links for further information on S-expressions. In computer science classes, it is common to assign as homework the development of an S-expression parser. Doing so with pyparsing is actually a fairly straightforward task. This is also our first case of a recursive grammar, in which some expressions can be written in terms of other expressions of the same type.

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Personal Finance with Python
by Max Humber

It’s possible that you’re thinking, “That was a lot of work to calculate the IRR when Excel does it for free. Why do I need Python?” That’s a super-fair question. Although Python has a steep learning curve, the payoffs are huge. My hope is that the need for Python will become self-evident in the chapters to follow. Footnotes 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogecoin 2 https://gph.is/1VRbuEc 3 https://www.quora.com/Computer-Science-Where-did-the-phrase-Roll-your-own-come-from-and-why-is-it-used-in-CS?share=1 4 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method © Max Humber 2018 Max HumberPersonal Finance with Pythonhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3802-8_3 3.

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But a word of caution: although this budget tool can be incredibly powerful, if you do decide to use it, don’t be obsessive about it. Update your .yaml file every quarter to see where you’re at and where you’re headed. Otherwise, if you try to update it every day, you’re going to go crazy. Footnotes 1 https://i.stack.imgur.com/uiXQd.png 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 3 https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases 4 https://github.com/kvh/recurrent 5 https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2445.txt 6 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12265451/ask-forgiveness-not-permission-explain © Max Humber 2018 Max HumberPersonal Finance with Pythonhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3802-8_6 6.

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Solr in Action
by Trey Grainger and Timothy Potter
Published 14 Sep 2014

We see evidence of this in the results for the second document where rain stands out because it’s a less frequent term in the index than blue or fireball, so it’s given more weight by BM25 scoring. 3 The mathematics behind BM25 are beyond the scope of this book, so we’ll refer you to the Wikipedia page for BM25; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25. The primary drawback of PostingsHighlighter is that it requires accurate term offsets to be set on terms during indexing. Let’s use the Solr Analysis form we worked with in chapter 6 to see how term offsets are calculated during text analysis. Figure 9.8 shows term offsets calculated during analysis of the example sighting we’ve been working with throughout this chapter.

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For example, the distance between atmosphear and atmosphere is 2: one change to remove the a and another to add an e on the end. A well-known algorithm for calculating the string distance between two terms is the Levenshtein distance;[2] setting distanceMeasure to internal uses the Levenshtein distance algorithm. 2 “Levenshtein distance,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance. The accuracy parameter is a floating value between 0 and 1 that determines how accurate the suggestions need to be. The higher the number, the more accurate the suggestions will be, but you will also have more misses, cases for which no suggestions are available.

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Once you’ve finished your Solr development (or downloaded the most recent official release to use out of the box), you’ll be ready to build Solr and deploy it to a production environment, which is covered in the following section. 12.2. Deploying Solr Solr builds into a standard Java web application archive (WAR file), which means it can be deployed in any modern servlet container. If you are unfamiliar with how WAR files integrate into Java servlet containers to power web applications, you can check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAR_file_format_(Sun) for a quick introduction. When you launch the example Solr application (using start.jar as we have throughout the book), an embedded version of Jetty, a Java servlet container, is launched to run the solr.war file, though many users choose to deploy Solr into Apache Tomcat or other servlet containers.

pages: 254 words: 79,052

Evil by Design: Interaction Design to Lead Us Into Temptation
by Chris Nodder
Published 4 Jun 2013

Recommendation engines: Xavier Amatriain and Justin Basilico. “Netflix Recommendations: Beyond the 5 stars (Part 1)” (techblog.netflix.com). April 6, 2012. Retrieved December 2012. Pre-pick your preferred option Priming: Wikipedia provides a great introduction and launching off point at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology). Disclosure: I worked on the user experience for XP Service Pack 2, used as an example here. Make options hard to find or understand PC Pitstop EULA: Larry Magid. “It Pays To Read License Agreements.” (pcpitstop.com). Undated. Retrieved December 2012. NebuAd: Ed Markey.

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“Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 47 (1979): 263–291. The Tom Sawyer effect Tom Sawyer quotes: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens). The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The American Publishing Company, 1884. Instill doubt to prevent cancellations Statistics on BSE: Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy. Retrieved December 2012. Nearly 50 billion burgers/year in the USA: Ellen Rolfes. “The Hidden Costs of Hamburgers.” PBS Newshour“The Rundown” blog (pbs.org). August 2, 2012. Retrieved December 2012. Impatience leads to compliance People become more conservative under time pressure: Mark Hwang.

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Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99.5 (2010): 771–784. Higher social classes are more selfish: Jennifer E. Stellar, Vida M. Manzo, Michael W. Kraus, and Dacher Keltner. “Class and compassion: Socioeconomic factors predict responses to suffering.” Emotion 12.3 (2012): 449–459. Learning from casinos Monty Hall Problem: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem. Lottery sales and gambling income data: North American Association of State and Provincial Lotteries. Lottery Sales and Profits (naspl.org). 60 percent of adults report playing at least once per year: National Gambling Impact Study Commission staff-generated report on lotteries (1999). 72 percent of all gambling: The majority of gambling income comes from casinos (41 percent) and lotteries (31 percent).

pages: 251 words: 76,225

The Geek Feminist Revolution
by Kameron Hurley
Published 1 Jan 2016

Kameron Hurley, “What living in South Africa taught me about racism in America,” kameronhurley.com, http://www.kameronhurley.com/what-living-in-south-africa-taught-me-about-racism-in-america/. 2. “History of slavery in California,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_California. 3. Greg Nokes, “Black Exclusion Laws in Oregon,” The Oregon Encyclopedia, http://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/exclusion_laws/#.VSfNvPnF-So. 4. Elizabeth McLagan, “The Black Laws of Oregon, 1844–1857,” BlackPast.org, http://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/black-laws-oregon-1844-1857. 5. “The Eye of the Beholder,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eye_of_the_Beholder. 6. John Rudolf, “Where Mental Asylums Live On,” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/03/opinion/sunday/where-mental-asylums-live-on.html?

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I’ll Make the Pancakes: On Opting In—and Out—of the Writing Game 1. Christine Miserandino, “The Spoon Theory,” butyoudontlooksick.com, http://www.butyoudontlooksick.com/articles/written-by-christine/the-spoon-theory/. PART II: GEEK Some Men Are More Monstrous Than Others: On True Detective’s Men and Monsters 1. “Dale Cooper,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Cooper. Die Hard, Hetaerae, and Problematic Pin-Ups: A Rant 1. “Clarion’s 2014 Literary Pin-up Calendar,” The Clarion Foundation, https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/clarion-s-2014-literary-pin-up-calendar#/story. 2. James M. Davidson, Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens.

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smtID=2&psid=3576. What Living in South Africa Taught Me About Being White in America 1. “A Matter of Color: African Americans Face Discrimination,” Oregon State Archives, http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/pages/exhibits/ww2/life/minority.htm. 2. “History of African Americans in Chicago,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago. 3. Aura Bogado and Voting Rights Watch, “Watch a Colorado GOP Poll Watcher Report a ‘High Concentration of People of Color,’” The Nation, http://www.thenation.com/article/watch-colorado-gop-poll-watcher-report-high-concentration-people-color/. It’s About Ethics in Dating 1.

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The End of Absence: Reclaiming What We've Lost in a World of Constant Connection
by Michael Harris
Published 6 Aug 2014

The world’s arbiter of truth: “Wikipedia: List of Hoaxes on Wikipedia,” accessed January 13, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_hoaxes_on_Wikipedia. Four years later, I asked: “Who is Erica Feldman . . . ?,” snapshot from January 6, 2014, via Google’s cache, http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Q77Wj1JfErsJ:wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_is_erica_feldman_the_one_that_invented_the_hair_straightnener+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca&client=firefox-a. There are even hoaxes about hoaxes: “List of Fictitious People,” Wikipedia.com, accessed January 15, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_fictitious_people&diff=211003619&oldid=205705808.

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title=List_of_fictitious_people&diff=211003619&oldid=205705808. I see there are currently: “Wikipedia:Statistics,” Wikipedia, accessed January 17, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics. Printing Wikipedia in a book: “Wikipedia:Size in Volumes,” Wikipedia, accessed January 17, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_in_volumes. “I guess we will just have to accept”: Roger C. Schank, Making Minds Less Educated Than Our Own (Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008), vii. In 2013, only 12 cases: Dave Craven, e-mail messages to author, June 26, 2013, and January 22, 2014. a stunning 91 percent of Wikipedia editors: “Editor Survey 2011,” Wikipedia: Meta-Wiki, accessed January 15, 2014, http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Editor_Survey_2011.

The Pattern Seekers: How Autism Drives Human Invention
by Simon Baron-Cohen
Published 14 Aug 2020

It is meant to convey that we see a small number of simple tools over the past 3.3 million years, but that since 100,000 years ago, the increase in the variety of complex tools has been exponential. Estimates that this growth rate in invention was exponential are based on a time line of human inventions that can be found in a variety of sources: for example, “Timeline of historic inventions,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_historic _inventions; “Timeline of scientific discoveries,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries; “Prehistory to 1650,” ScienceTimeline, www.sciencetimeline.net/prehistory.htm; C. Woodford, “Technology Timeline,” ExplainThatStuff!, www.explainthatstuff.com/timeline.html; and “Inventions Timeline,” www.datesandevents.org/events-timelines/09-inventions-timeline.htm.

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The form of the algorithm for tidal patterns would be, for example, if on Saturday at 10:00 a.m. the tide height is low, and the time changes to Saturday at 2:00 p.m., then the tide height will rise. Here’s an example of systemizing the shape of waves: if you take the length of the wave divided by its width, and it’s less than three, then it’s an “almond”-tube-shaped wave. See “Surfing,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing#/media/File: Wave-shape-intensity.svg. 41. On systemizing the skateboard, see “Skateboard trick list,” www.skateboard here.com/skateboard-trick-list.html/. The gender split among skateboarders is currently about 80 percent male, 20 percent female; see “Who are skateboarders?,” Public Skateboard Development Guide, publicskateparkguide.org/vision/who-are-skateboarders/. 42.

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Note that although the latter website is related to applied behavioral analysis, this is not relevant to Tesla’s biography. 20. See P. Galanes (2018), “The mind meld of Bill Gates and Steven Pinker,” New York Times, January 27; and S. Levy (2019), “Inside Bill’s Brain calls BS on Malcolm Gladwell’s outliers theory,” Wired, September 20. 21. The sigma character is taken from Wikipedia, “The common Six Sigma symbol,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma#/media/File:Six_sigma-2.svg; see also D. Dusharme, “Six sigma survey: Breaking through the six sigma hype,” Quality Digest, www.qualitydigest.com/nov01/html/sixsigmaarticle.html. The concept of Six sigma is not without its critics but is nevertheless now a powerful byword for making things work to an awesome level of quality. 22.

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What Technology Wants
by Kevin Kelly
Published 14 Jul 2010

Biodiversity and Conservation, 4 (5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056336. 105 “Evolution is remarkably reproducible”: Sean Carroll. (2008) “The Making of the Fittest DNA and the Ultimate Forensic Record of Evolution.” Paw Prints, p. 154. 106 evolution is hundreds long and counting: (2009) “List of Examples of Convergent Evolution.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution&oldid=344747726. 107 many of which evolved independently: John Maynard Smith and Eors Szathmary. (1997) The Major Transitions in Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press. 107 which uses a bubble to breathe: Richard Dawkins. (2004) The Ancestor’s Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution.

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Nature, 410 (6827). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35068645. 120 “encoded implicitly in the genome”: Lynn Helena Caporale. (2003) “Natural Selection and the Emergence of a Mutation Phenotype: An Update of the Evolutionary Synthesis Considering Mechanisms That Affect Genomic Variation.” Annual Review of Microbiology, 57 (1). 121 from the same starting point: (2009) “Skeuomorph.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skeuomorph&oldid=340233294. 122 “the embodiment of contingency”: Stephen Jay Gould. (1989) Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and Nature of History. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 320. 123 The Triad of Evolution: Inspired by Stephen Jay Gould. (2002) The Structure of Evolutionary Theory.

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Film Junk. http://www.filmjunk.com/2007/03/07/when-movies-come-in-pairs-examples-of-hollywood-deja-vu/. 145 a device called Toto: Tad Friend. (1998, September 14) “Copy Cats.” New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1998/09/14/1998_09_14_051_TNY_LIBRY_000016335. 146 simultaneous spontaneous creation: (2009) “Harry Potter Influences and Analogues.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Potter_influences_and_analogues&oldid=330124521. 148 Parallels in Blow Gun Culture: Collage by the author from archival materials. 149 the exquisite timing of when to blow: Robert L. Rands and Caroll L. Riley. (1958) “Diffusion and Discontinuous Distribution.” American Anthropologist, 60 (2), p. 282. 149 what we call abacus: John Howland Rowe. (1966) “Diffusionism and Archaeology.”

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The Personal MBA: A World-Class Business Education in a Single Volume
by Josh Kaufman
Published 2 Feb 2011

A simple blood test by your doctor can verify the levels of many essential nutrients—always consult with your MD before making any major changes to your diet or supplement intake. 4 For more on the neurophysiology of the brain, check out Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind by Gary F. Marcus (Faber & Faber, 2008). 5 http://macfreedom.com. 6 http://www.proginosko.com/leechblock.html. 7 http://www.timessquarenyc.org/facts/PedestrianCounts.html. 8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_business_cycle_theory. 9 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_mania. 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble. 11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble. CHAPTER 8: WORKING WITH YOURSELF 1 http://www.pomodorotechnique.com/. 2 http://www.pnas.org/content/103/31/11778.abstract. 3 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/hfes/hf/2006/00000048/00000002/art00014. 4 http://www.paulgraham.com/makersschedule.html. 5 http://crashcourse.personalmba.com. 6 Personally, I work with the folks at Timesvr.com—they’re skilled, fast, friendly, and cost effective. 7 http://davidseah.com/pceo/etp. 8 http://govleaders.org/powell.htm. 9 For a complete look at my personal productivity system, visit http://book.personalmba.com/bonus-training/. 10 http://www.markforster.net/autofocus-system/. 11 For an example of how I do this, visit http://book.personalmba.com/bonus-training/.

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CHAPTER 2 : VALUE CREATION 1 For an example of how I do this, visit http://book.personalmba.com/bonus-training/. 2 A legally binding contract or promise not to share information about a business or business idea with others. 3 Louviere called the approach “MaxDiff ” testing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaxDiff. 4 For an example of how to conduct Relative Importance Testing for your business idea, visit http://book.personalmba.com/bonus-training/. 5 http://www.kifaru.net/radio.htm. 6 http://www.youtube.com/user/miguelcaballerousa. CHAPTER 4: SALES 1 http://www.petradiamonds.com/im/press_display.php?Id=2010/26feb10. 2 You can find the formulas at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cash_flow. CHAPTER 5: VALUE DELIVERY 1 For an example of how I do this, visit http://book.personalmba.com/bonus-training/. 2 Before the advent of the printing press, bibles were copied and illuminated (decorated and illustrated) by cloistered monks, who spent years working on a single copy. 3 http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/01/better_than_fre.php. 4 We’ll discuss Toyota’s recall woes later in “The Paradox of Automation.” 5 “Inside the Box,” Wired, March 2010.

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Beautiful Architecture: Leading Thinkers Reveal the Hidden Beauty in Software Design
by Diomidis Spinellis and Georgios Gousios
Published 30 Dec 2008

We will describe an information-driven architecture that supports “surfing” webs of data like you might “surf” the Web of documents. * * * [13] http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-tag/2005Jun/0039 [14] http://rest.blueoxen.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?RestTriangle [15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST [16] http://1060.org [17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization [18] http://dublincore.org [19] http://creativecommons.org/ns [20] http://mulgara.org [21] http://openrdf.org [22] http://talis.com Resource-Oriented Architectures The resource-oriented style is marked by a process of issuing logical requests for named resources.

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We have created tools and protocols that simultaneously support knowledge transfer between the leading scientific minds of the world as well as allowing our grandmothers to connect to their families and find content and communities that interest them. This is no small feat, and we would do well to consider the confluence of ideas that led to these realities. We have to live within the architectures we build, so we should build architectures that simultaneously satisfy and inspire us. * * * [11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Silver_Bullet Conventional Web Services Before we begin looking at a new architecture for our information-driven environments, we should take a brief look at how we have been building similar systems recently and see what might be done better. We have been pitched a dominant vision for Enterprise Architecture for the last (nearly) 10 years that is built around the notion of reusable business services.

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Nor will we always need to advertise that we are using them behind the scenes if there is no need to do so. In order to take this next step, we need to look at the Web and why it has been so successful as a scalable, flexible, evolvable information-sharing platform. Implementation details are often not relevant to our information consumers. * * * [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles_all_the_way_down The Web The prevailing mental model for the Web is document-centric. In particular, when we think about the Web, we think about consuming documents in web browsers because that is how we experience it. The real magic, however, is the explicit linkage between publicly available information, what that linkage represents, and the ease with which we can create windows into this underlying content.

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The Ripple Effect: The Fate of Fresh Water in the Twenty-First Century
by Alex Prud'Homme
Published 6 Jun 2011

See also Sewell Chan, “Tunnelers Hit Something Big: A Milestone,” New York Times, August 10, 2006. 123 corruption plagued the Board of Water Supply: Grann, “City of Water.” This was confirmed to me by a source who asked not to be identified. 123 $4 billion to the new tunnel: Chan, “Tunnelers Hit Something Big.” 124 the world had 18 “megacities”: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacity. 124 In 2007, 336 cities worldwide: Ibid., and Thomas Brinkhof, “The Principal Agglomerations of the World,” www.citypopulation.de. 124 in 2008, for the first time in history: UN Population Fund (UNFPA): State of World Population 2007: http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2007/english/introduction.html. 124 As of 2010, China alone had 43 cities: Christina Larson, “Chicago on the Yangtze,” Foreign Policy, September/October 2010. 125 Bruce Rolen: “As supplies dry up, growers pass on farming and sell water,” US Water News Online, February 2008. 125 Perth, Australia: Patrick Barta, “Amid Water Shortage, Australia Looks to the Sea,” Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2008. 125 America’s total water use: Susan S.

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node=282. 138 Senator Bill Heffernan: Tim Johnston, “A drought alters Australian ideas on global warming,” International Herald Tribune, November 7, 2006. 138 Lisa Jackson: John M. Broder, “E.P.A. Clears Way for Greenhouse Gas Rules,” New York Times, April 17, 2009. CHAPTER 13: REVENUE STREAMS 139 In its water laws: For an overview, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_law_in_the_United_States. 141 NAWAPA: Marc Reisner, Cadillac Desert (New York: Penguin Books, 1993), pp. 487–94. Michael Campana, “Canadian Water Exports: Will NAWAPA Return?” WaterWired, January 25, 2008: http://aquadoc.typepad.com/waterwired/2008/01/kennedy-to-cana.html?cid=119725788. 141 approximately 1 million miles of pipeline: “Water Trivia Facts,” US Environmental Protection Agency: http://water.epa.gov/learn/kids/drinkingwater/water_trivia_facts.cfm. 142 Roberts Tunnel: Chris Woodka, “Plumbing the Rockies,” Pueblo Chieftain, December 21, 2009. 142 national water fees average about $458: “Water on Tap: What You Need to Know,” US Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/wot/pdfs/book_waterontap_full.pdf. 142 Denver’s expanding suburbs charge $10,000: David Olinger and Chuck Plunkett, “Suburban aggression,” Denver Post, November 22, 2005. 142 Dave Miller: “Gunnison River Basin: Union Park Reservoir,” Coyote Gulch blog, August 20, 2010: http://coyotegulch.wordpress.com/2010/08/20/gunnison-river-basin-union-park-reservoir/. 143 Bob Moran: Author’s interviews with Robert Moran, 2006–10. 143 Maurice Strong (pronounced “Morris”): Moran interviews.

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See also Leslie Carlson, “Water Colors,” Los Angeles Times, November 22, 2005. 157 dust storms are said to remove: Molly Peterson, “Owens Lake dust kicks up questions about DWP’s eastern Sierra efforts,” Southern California Public Radio, December 12, 2010. 157 LADWP has built a $500 million sprinkler system: “DWP Chief seeks delay in Owens Valley dust clean-up,” Sierra Wave, March 16, 2010. 157 mayor Antonio Villaraigosa: Deborah Amos, “LA Returns Water to the Owens Valley,” National Public Radio, December 7, 2006. 158 Michael Prather: Author’s tour with Michael Prather, May 5, 2007. 158 sixty thousand acre-feet of water a year: Louis Sahagun, “Bird Census at Owens Lake shows nature returning,” Los Angeles Times, April 19, 2009. 158 Los Angeles’s population: “List of most highly populated countries,” Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_ highly_populated_countries. 159 In 1990, citizens in the Sierra foothills: John Walton, “Another Owens Valley,” Owens Valley Committee, vol. 5, no. 1 (Summer 2009). 159 Honey Lake Valley fought against: Ibid. 159 Fish Springs Ranch, Dr. Harry Brown and Franklin Raines: Author’s tour of the pipeline with Dr.

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The Vegetarian Myth: Food, Justice, and Sustainability
by Lierre Keith
Published 30 Apr 2009

“Age, Structure, and Sexuality: Reflections on the Anthropological Evidence on Homosexual Relations.” Journal of Homosexuality 11, 1985: pp. 19-33. Adolescent Medicine Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society, “Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment.” Paediatrics and Child Health 3, no. 3, 1998: pp. 189-92. “Agricultural Policy.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_policy#Dumping_is_harmful_to_developing_world_farmers (accessed on April 3, 2007). Aldana, Steven G. The Culprit and the Cure: Why Lifestyle Is the Culprit Behind America’s Poor Health and How Transforming That Lifestyle Can Be the Cure. North Mapleton, UT: Maple Mountain Press, 2005.

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Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia. New York: Harper Perennial, 1999. Horwich, T.B., M.A. Hamilton, and G.C. Fonarow . “Low Serum Cholesterol Is Associated with Marked Increase in Mortality in Advanced Heart Failure.” Journal of Cardiac Failure 8, no. 4, 2002: pp. 216-224. “Inedia.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inedia (accessed on July 16, 2007). Jackson, Wes. New Roots for Agriculture. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. Jacobs D., et al. “Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Associations.” Circulation 86, no. 3, September 1992: pp. 1046-60. Jeffreys, Sheila.

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London: John Blake Publishing Ltd., 2007. Key, T.J., M. Thorogood, P.N. Appleby, and M.L. Burr. “Dietary Habits and Mortality in 11,000 Vegetarians and Non-vegetarians: Detailed Findings from a Collaborative Analysis of 5 Prospective Studies.” British Medical Journal, no. 313, 1996: pp. 775-9. “Keystone Species.” Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_species (accessed on November 12, 2008). Krech, Shepard. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1999. Kunstler, James Howard. The Long Emergency: Surviving the End of Oil, Climate Change, and Other Converging Catastrophes of the Twenty-First Century.

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Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure
by Tim Harford
Published 1 Jun 2011

page=0%2C0 93 Duke Nukem Forever was never finished: Clive Thompson, ‘Learn to let go’, Wired, January 2010, http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/12/fail_duke_nukem/all/1 93 Gamers have been eagerly awaiting Elite 4: ‘Frontier reveals Elite 4’, http://uk.pc.ign.com/articles/092/092218p1.html 93 The plane took a quarter of a century to enter service: measuring time from original government specification. Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22_Raptor; Ben Rich & Leo Janos, Skunk Works (New York: Sphere, 1994), p. 350; Samuel H. Williamson, ‘Six ways to compute the relative value of a U.S. dollar amount, 1790 to present’, MeasuringWorth, 2009, http://www.mea-suringworth.com/uscompare/ 93 You will discover that by the year 2000: The Hudson Institute, The Year 2000: A Framework for Speculation on the Next 33 Years, Herman Kahn & Anthony J.

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Economy, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703344704574610350092009062.html 104 ‘Firms are reluctant to risk their money’: McKinstry, Spitfire, pp. 34–5. 105 There is an inconvenient tale behind this: I have drawn much of this account from Dava Sobel’s Longitude (London: Fourth Estate, 1996). 106 Compared with the typical wage of the day: Officer, ‘Purchasing power of British pounds’, cited above, n. 10. 107 In 1810 Nicolas Appert: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Appert 107 Ultimately the Académie began to turn down: Maurice Crosland, ‘From prizes to grants in the support of scientific research in France in the nineteenth century: The Montyon legacy’, Minerva, 17(3) (1979), pp. 355–80, and Robin Hanson, ‘Patterns of patronage: why grants won over prizes in science’, University of California, Berkeley, working paper 1998, http://hanson.gmu.edu/whygrant.pdf 108 Innovation prizes were firmly supplanted: Hanson, ‘Patterns of patronage’. 109 The prize was eventually awarded in September 2009: a follow-up prize was announced and then cancelled following a lawsuit over privacy.

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fta=y&pagewanted=all; and a press release from the Taiwan International Orchid Show 2010, http://www.tios.com.tw/tios_test/eng/5_2taiwan.php 148 Silicon Valley venture capitalists need lose little sleep: Jim Pickard, ‘Venture capital fund turned £74m into £5m’, Financial Times, 9 March 2010, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/76859892-2ae1-11df-886b-00144feabdc0.html; and Josh Lerner’s opening statement in The Economist debate on Industrial Policy: http://www.econo-mist.com/debate/overview/177/Industrial%20policy 149 The Holy Roman Emperor himself: Sebastian Mallaby, ‘The politically incorrect guide to ending poverty’, The Atlantic, July/August 2010, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-politically-incorrect-guide-to-ending-poverty/8134/1/; Wikipedia; Simon Heffer, ‘Lübeck: the town that said no to Hitler’, Daily Telegraph, 2 June 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/city-breaks/5428909/Lübeck-The-town-that-said-no-to-Hitler.html 151 Romer has pushed the charter city concept: Paul Romer, ‘For richer, for poorer’, Prospect, issue 167, 27 January 2010. 151 Before turning down the job of Chief Economist of the World Bank: David Warsh, ‘Learning by doing’, Economic Principals, 19 July 2009, http://www.economicprincipals.com/issues/2009.07.19/571.html 151 He argues that foreign ownership: author interview with Paul Romer, 20 September 2010. 152 It’s a free economic zone: Sean Campbell, ‘Metropolis from scratch’, Next American City, issue 8, April 2005, http://americancity.org/magazine/issue/i08/; and Greg Lindsay, ‘Cisco’s big bet on New Songdo: creating cities from scratch’, Fast Company, 1 February 2010, http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/142/the-new-new-urbanism.html 5 Climate change or: Changing the rules for success 154 ‘I think we’re going to find’: Prince Charles, interview with the BBC, October 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4382264.stm 154 ‘Evolution is cleverer than you are’: obituary: Professor Leslie Orgel, The Times, 6 December 2007, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3006557.ece 154 A dazzling lecturer at London’s Royal Insttution: Gabrielle Walker & Sir David King, The Hot Topic (Bloomsbury, 2008), pp. 14–18; Wikipedia entry on John Tyndall, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndall; & James Rodger Fleming, Historical Perspectives on Climate Change (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 68–71. 155 Earth’s atmosphere contains traces of other gases: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report, Table 6.1, http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_tar/?

PostGIS in Action
by Regina O. Obe and Leo S. Hsu
Published 2 May 2015

You’ll be hard pressed to find the following features in other spatial databases: Functions to work with GeoJSON and Keyhole Markup Language (KML), allowing web applications to talk directly to PostGIS without the need for additional serializing schemes or translations Comprehensive geometry-processing functions that go far beyond basic geometric operations, including functions for fixing invalid geometries and for simplifying and deconstructing geometries Built-in 3D and topology support Over 150 seamless operations for working with vectors and rasters in tandem, as well as for converting between the two families GeoJSON and KML data formats Geographic JavaScript Object Notation (GeoJSON; http://geojson.org) and Keyhole Markup Language (KML; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language) are two of the most popular vector formats used by web-mapping applications: GeoJSON is an extension of JSON that’s used for representing JavaScript objects. It adds to the JSON standard support for geographic objects. KML is an XML format developed by Keyhole (which was purchased by Google), first used in Google’s mapping products and later supported by various mapping APIs.

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Recall from basic geometry (or common sense) the minimum number of points needed to form an area? Three—a triangle. The mathematical underpinning of TINs is based on triangulating key peak and valley point locations of a surface to form non-overlapping connected area pockets. The most common form of triangulation used in GIS is Delaunay triangulation (explained on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation). PostGIS 2.1 specifically added a powerful ST_DelaunayTriangles function to convert a “well-behaved” polygon collection into a TIN. But one shortcoming of ST_DelaunayTriangles is that it can’t convert polyhedral surfaces to TINs. For that conversion, you need to use ST_Tesselate, which is packaged with SFCGAL and will convert polygon collections as well.

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Although uDig allows you to write queries, uDig doesn’t understand SQL. Instead, you have to resort to a more obscure web query standard called Common Query Language (CQL). CQL As of version 1.2, CQL renamed itself Contextual Query Language. You can learn more about CQL on Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contextual_Query_Language. 5.4.2. Connecting to PostGIS uDig has the easiest interface for connecting to PostGIS. Choose Layer > Add from the menu, and PostGIS appears as a data source (shown at the left in figure 5.13). Figure 5.13. Adding database connections in uDig You can alternatively use the GeoTools built into uDig to connect.

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Mastering Digital Photography: Jason Youn's Essential Guide to Understanding the Art & Science of Aperture, Shutter, Exposure, Light, & Composition
by Jason Youn
Published 12 Jul 2013

My contact information can be found at www.JasonYoun.com or at Amazon's webpage. References This book references these people, books, blogs, and organizations: View from the Window at Le Gras (La cour du domaine du Gras) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_from_the_Window_at_Le_Gras Chase Jarvis - The Best Camera Is The One That's With You http://amzn.com/0321684788 The Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov Alfred Hitchcock http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock Mark Rothko http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rothko Through Each Others Eyes http://www.teoe.org Arizona Highways Magazine http://www.arizhwys.com DIY Photography http://www.diyphotography.net Kolari Vision http://www.kolarivision.com LightStalking http://www.lightstalking.com PetaPixel http://petapixel.com Ian Ruhter http://www.ianruhter.com Chadwick Fowler http://www.chadwickfowler.com Patrick Madigan http://www.patrickmadigan.com Garry Ladd http://www.garyladdphotography.com Gregory Colbert https://gregorycolbert.com Hollye Schumacher http://www.hollye.com Roy Coulliette of Turf Soaring School http://turf-soaring.com Jason Youn http://JasonYoun.com

pages: 76 words: 20,238

The Great Stagnation
by Tyler Cowen
Published 24 Jan 2011

For the chart on the U.S. health care system, I drew from R. Glenn Hubbard and Peter Navarro, Seeds of Destruction: Why the Path to Economic Ruin Runs Through Washington, and How to Reclaim American Prosperity, FT Press: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2010, p. 177. For one look at life expectancy figures, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy. There are differing measures of life expectancy, but it is well established that quite a few poorer countries do as well, or just about as well, as the United States. On the difficulties of measuring the value of health care spending, see Robin Hanson, “Showing that You Care: The Evolution of Health Altruism,” Medical Hypotheses, 2008, 70, 4, pp. 724-742, www.overcomingbias.com/2008/03/showing-that-yo.html.

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Lindseth, Schoolhouses, Courthouses, and Statehouses: Solving the Funding-Achievement Puzzle in America’s Public Schools, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. That same book, on p.298, offers the statistic on U.S. educational spending as a percentage of GDP and the comparison with Iceland. In 2006, government spending at all levels was 36.1 percent of U.S. GDP; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_spending. I am using a pre-crisis number to adjust for the fall in GDP from the financial crisis; in that sense, this number is an approximate one and thus a more conservative estimate than what a completely current calculation would yield. For one example of Michael Mandel’s writings, see “Official GDP, Productivity Stats Tell a Different Story of U.S.

Paper Knowledge: Toward a Media History of Documents
by Lisa Gitelman
Published 26 Mar 2014

On the edgelessness of digital objects generally, see Craig Mod, “The Digital-Physical: On Building Flipboard for iPhone & Finding the Edges of Our Digital Narratives,” March 2012, accessed 25 May 2013, http://craigmod.com/journal/digital _physical/. For an extended inquiry into this point, see Alexander R. Galloway, The Interface Effect (Cambridge: Polity, 2012), chapter 1. “Portable Document Format,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF, accessed 31 July 2012. N OT E S TO I N T R O D U C T I O N 66. The executability of code is discussed in detail in Alexander R. Galloway, Protocol: How Control Exists after Decentralization (Cambridge, MA: mit Press, 2006), e.g., 165; Anne Eisenberg, “Hot off the Presses, Conductive Ink,” New York Times, 30 June 2012. 67.

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Lions, “Preface,” in “A Commentary on the Sixth Edition unix Operating System,” 1977, accessed 24 June 2013, http://warsus.github.io/lions-/. 61. Douglas C. Engelbart, “Quarterly Technical Letter Report 6,” 28 November 1967, Box 2, Douglas C. Engelbart Papers, 1953–1998 (MO638), Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, CA. See also Kelty, Two Bits, 198. 62. Wikipedia, “Living Document,” accessed 1 July 2011, http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Living _document. “Functional documents” is the phrase used in Request for Comments 115: R. W. Watson and J. B. North, “Some Network Information Center Policies on Handling Documents,” April 1971, accessed 24 June 2013, http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc115.txt. 63. J. Brooks, “Profiles,” 47. 64.

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Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin, Remediation: Understanding New Media (Cambridge, MA: mit Press, 1999). pdfs can of course be edited and revised using software designed for that purpose. Kenneth Goldsmith, Uncreative Writing: Managing Language in the Digital Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011), 156. Wikipedia, “Portable Document Format,” accessed 17 July 2012, http://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document _Format. I explore this question in Lisa Gitelman, Always Already New: Media, History, and the Data of Culture (Cambridge, MA: mit Press, 2006), chapter 4. “Processural,” I believe, is a coinage by N. Katherine Hayles. See “Materiality Has Always Been in Play, An Interview with N.

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What They Do With Your Money: How the Financial System Fails Us, and How to Fix It
by Stephen Davis , Jon Lukomnik and David Pitt-Watson
Published 30 Apr 2016

Author Isaac Asimov claimed, almost certainly apocryphally, that Gauss was interrupted in the middle of solving a mathematics problem to be told his wife was dying. “Tell her to wait a moment ’til I am done” was his reply. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss. 7. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbos 31a. 8. En.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith. 9. Pitt speech on introducing his budget, February 17, 1792, quoted in John Kenneth Galbraith, A History of Economics (Hamish Hamilton, 1987), 61. 10. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (Oxford University Press, 2008), bk 1, chap 2. 11.

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Coase might also have noted that in making this bimodal distinction, economists were separating away those parts of the economy (what they called public goods) where economic models do not predict at all well, thus leaving economic models to cover “private goods.” They chose this route rather than noting that transaction costs in all goods complicated the economic models they were using. 32. Coase, The Firm, the Market, and the Law, 15. 33. Andrew Scott, private interview for this book, October 2014. 34. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns. 35. Some economists, notably Frank Knight at the University of Chicago, have written extensively about the dichotomy between predictable risk and uncertainty, which cannot be calculated. But many continue to focus only on risk. 36. Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable (Random House, 2010), xxxix. 37.

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Other Pandemic: How QAnon Contaminated the World
by James Ball
Published 19 Jul 2023

Brandy Zadrozny, ‘ “Carol’s Journey”: What Facebook knew about how it radicalized users’, www.nbcnews.com, 22 October 2021. 40. There are other sources used throughout, but to give credit where it is due, the Wikipedia timeline for this day is brilliantly done: ‘Timeline of the United States Capitol Attack’, https://en.wikipedia.org, accessed 13 October 2022. 41. Given that Mike Pence was still in the role at the time, I am using ‘his’ for simplicity. 42. Jane C. Timm, ‘Fact check: No, Pence can’t overturn the election results’, www.nbcnews.com, 5 January 2021. 43. ‘Trump tried to grab steering wheel to go to U.S. Capitol Jan 6-witness’, www.reuters.com, 28 June 2022. 44.

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‘How “Save the Children” Is Keeping QAnon Alive’, www.nytimes.com, 28 September 2020. 9. David J. Ley, ‘Forget Me Not: The Persistent Myth of Repressed Memories’, www.psychologytoday.com, 6 October 2019. 10. Another one where honestly the Wikipedia article is the best primer: ‘Day-care sex-abose hysteria’, https://en.wikipedia.org, accessed 13 October 2022. 11. Simon Murphy, ‘Revealed: how Carl Beech, the serial child abuse accuser, became the accused’, www.theguardian.com, 22 July 2019. 12. Facebook took down the group in November 2020, and suspended the accounts of both Ward and Davis. See https://twitter.com/Shayan86/status/1326276306871472133. 13.

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At https://qposts.online/post/4951. 5. Christopher Bing, ‘Senior U.S. cybersecurity official asked to resign amid Trump transition tumult’, www.reuters.com, 12 November 2020. 6. As covered in Chapter Six. 7. A good summary of one of the most infamous calls can be found here: ‘Trump–Raffensperger phone call’, https://en.wikipedia.org, accessed 17 October 2022. 8. Hugo Lowell, ‘ “Just say the election was corrupt,” Trump urged DoJ after loss to Biden’, www.theguardian.com, 30 July 2021. 9. ‘The president vaguely warned of a “criminal offense” as he pressured Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger in the call, according to an audio recording’, www.nytimes.com, 3 January 2021. 10.

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Mobile First
by Luke Wroblewski
Published 4 Oct 2011

fa=Articles.showArticle&art_aid=120590 11http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1361 12http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1269 13http://techcrunch.com/2010/12/13/google-mobile-searches-grew-130-percent-in-q3/ 14http://www.mobiadnews.com/?p=5133 15http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8aaOtVJQcg0 16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T9_(predictive_text) 17http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html 18http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2010/3/Facebook_and_Twitter_Access_via_Mobile_Browser_Grows_by_Triple-Digits 19http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/ekits/Cisco_VNI_Global_Mobile_Data_Traffic_Forecast_2010_2015.pdf 20http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?

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mt=8 36http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1649086/detect-rotation-of-android-phone-in-the-browser-with-javascript 37http://mail.glustech.com/SnowGlobe/ 38http://thenextweb.com/apps/2010/12/21/hidden-safari-mobile-feature-reveals-augmented-reality-capability/ Chapter 4 39http://www.dmolsen.com/mobile-in-higher-ed/2011/02/07/the-university-home-page-mobile-first/ 40http://xkcd.com/773/ Chapter 5 41http://paidcontent.org/article/419-pontiflex-about-half-of-mobile-app-clicks-are-accidental/ 42http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Introduction/Introduction.html 43http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1085 44http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9713252 45http://www.lukew.com/touch 46http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1197 47http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement Chapter 6 48http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1198 49http://mashable.com/2010/08/07/ebay-facts/ 50http://mashable.com/2011/01/07/40-of-all-tweets-come-from-mobile/ 51http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?691 52http://www.medien.ifi.lmu.de/pubdb/publications/pub/deluca2007pmc/deluca2007pmc.pdf 53http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?

Beautiful Data: The Stories Behind Elegant Data Solutions
by Toby Segaran and Jeff Hammerbacher
Published 1 Jul 2009

THE DESIGN OF SENSE.US Download at Boykma.Com 187 I will largely spare you the details of what happened next. A straightforward yet tedious process of data processing, cleaning, and import ensued, ultimately resulting in a MySQL database containing the census data extract in queryable form. To facilitate analysis, we organized the data using a star schema (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_schema): we stored the census measures in a large fact table containing a column for each demographic variable, with compact keys used to indicate categorical variable values. A collection of dimension tables then stored the text labels and descriptions for the values taken by each demographic variable.

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The measurement techniques, precision, and accuracy of different contributions all vary, but all the background information is provided in human-readable form. This “radical sharing” approach of making the complete research record available as soon as the experiments are done, called Open Notebook Science (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Notebook_Science), is not common amongst professional researchers, but it is a good fit with our desire to make a complete and transparent data set available. We utilize a Wiki, hosted on Wikispaces (http://onschallenge.wikispaces. com) to hold these experimental records, and other services such as GoogleDocs (http://docs. google.com) and Flickr (http://flickr.com) to hold data (Figure 16-1).

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Unique Identifiers for Chemical Entities To make our data useful, it is important that the chemical entities be described using a recognized standard. Without this, integration with other data sets will be difficult or impossible. In chemistry, some would argue that CAS Registry Numbers (http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/CAS_registry_number) would be ideal for identifying chemical entities. However, CAS numbers are proprietary in nature, cannot be converted to the chemical structure, are a lookup only, and are dependent on an external organization to issue. We would prefer identifiers that are open in nature, freely available for exchange, and can be converted to and from a chemical connection table.

Programming Android
by Zigurd Mednieks , Laird Dornin , G. Blake Meike and Masumi Nakamura
Published 15 Jul 2011

It is more of a conceptual framework for using HTTP as a basis for easy access to data. While REST implementations may differ, they all strive for simplicity. Android’s content provider API formalizes REST-like operations into an API and is designed in the spirit of REST’s simplicity. You can find more information on REST on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST. Content provider components are the heart of the Android content model: by providing a ContentProvider, your application can share data with other applications and manage the data model of an application. A companion class, ContentResolver, enables other components in an Android system to find content providers.

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This can be important, for instance, if your app encounters an unfortunate occurrence such as a system crash. A transaction will guarantee that if the device fails partway through a given sequence of operations, none of the operations will affect the database. In database jargon, SQLite transactions support the widely recited ACID transaction properties: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID. With SQLite, every database operation that modifies a database runs in its own database transaction, which means a developer can be assured that all values of an insert will be written if the statement succeeds at all. You can also explicitly start and end a transaction so that it encompasses multiple statements.

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Finally, let’s delete a record using its ID: sqlite> DELETE FROM video WHERE _id = 1; sqlite> SELECT _id, description FROM videos; 2|Epic Fail Bicycle 3|Epic Fail Wagon 4|Epic Fail Sidewalk 5|Epic Fail Motorcycle SQL and the Database-Centric Data Model for Android Applications Now that you have some basic SQL programming knowledge, we can start thinking about how to put it to use in an Android application. Our goal is to create robust applications based on the popular Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern that underlies well-written UI programs, specifically in a way that works well for Android. Wikipedia has background information on MVC at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_view_controller. One fundamental difference between mobile phone apps and desktop apps is how they handle persistence. Traditional desktop-based applications—word processors, text editors, drawing programs, presentation programs, and so on—often use a document-centric form of the MVC pattern.

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Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan, 1979-89
by Rodric Braithwaite
Published 15 Jan 2011

Sources: ‘Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century’ (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat3.htm) contains tables and bibliographical references for a wide range of estimates of casualties in Indo-China and Algeria, and for the casualties in the civil wars and mass repressions that followed the American departure from Vietnam; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War_casualties) gives figures, with references, for losses on both sides in the US war in Vietnam; see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War_casualties#United_States_Armed_Forces); for statistical information about casualties of the Vietnam War see the National Archive (http://www.archives.gov/research/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics.html); G.

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Lyakhovski, Cold War International History Working Paper No. 51: Inside the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the Seizure of Kabul, December 1979, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, January 2007, pp. 30 and 32. 2 Yevgeni Kiselev, interview, Moscow, 24 March 2010. 3 Figures from http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ _« ». 4 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan. 5 A. Savinkin, Afganskie uroki: Vyvody dlya budushchego v svete ideinogo nasledia A. E. Snegareva (Moscow, 2003), p. 755. 6 L. Shebarshin, Ruka Moskvy: zapiski nachalnika sovetskoi razvadki (Moscow, 2002), p. 195. 7 Directive No. 312/12/001, signed by Ustinov and Ogarkov and despatched on 24 December.

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Belofastov and A. Rebrik (eds.), Mushavery (Moscow, 2005), p. 44. 9 The Americans lost twenty-four soldiers dead and 325 wounded. The Panamanian military lost about 205 dead. US military estimates of civilian casualties range from 200 to 1,000. Other estimates range from 2,000 to 5,000 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama). 10 Dmitri Ryurikov, interview, Moscow, 24 July 2009. 11 The Bonner and Sakharov texts are at www.hro.org-editions-karta. 12 M. Galeotti, Afghanistan: The Soviet Union’s Last War (London, 1995), pp. 139–54. 13 Lyakhovski, Tragedia i doblest Afgana, p.19; interview with Oleg Bogomolov, Moscow, May 2007. 14 Information from Dr Galina Yemelyanova, a former scholar from the institute, 6 June 2009. 15 Information from Sir Christopher Mallaby, who was serving in the Foreign Office at the time. 16 A.

Trend Commandments: Trading for Exceptional Returns
by Michael W. Covel
Published 14 Jun 2011

Moving Average: A moving average series can be calculated for any time series, but is most often applied to market prices. Moving averages are used to smooth out short-term fluctuations, thus highlighting potentially longerterm trends. A Vulcan mind-meld allows the sharing of thoughts, experiences, memories, and knowledge with another individual—via touch. Average True Range: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_True_ Range (look this one up if you don’t know it!). There’s no earthly way of knowing, Which direction we are going, There’s no knowing where we’re rowing, Or which way the rivers flowing, Is it raining? Is it snowing? Is a hurricane a-blowing? Not a speck of light is showing, So the danger must be growing, Are the fires of hell a-glowing?

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See http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/the_50_wealthiest_bostonians/. 4. Dr. Steve Sjuggerud, “How to Make $80 Million in a Brutal Bear Market.” Daily Wealth, April 11, 2009. See http://www.Dailywealth.com. 5. Martin Schwartz, Pit Bull: Lessons from Wall Street’s Champion Day Trader. New York: Harper Collins, 1999. 6. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Harding (mathematician). 7. Jack D. Schwager, Market Wizards. New York: NYIF Corp., 1989. 8. See http://www.absolutereturn-alpha.com. 9. Jack D. Schwager, The New Market Wizards. New York: HarperBusiness, 1992. 247 10. See http://www.forbes.com/profile/louis-bacon. 11. See http://www.forbes.com/profile/paul-tudor-jones. 12.

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Washington Post Foreign Service, May 3, 2008. See http://www.washingtonpost.com/ wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/02/AR2008050204009.html. Crowded House 1. Zen proverb. 2. Keith Campbell, Campbell & Co., Managed Account Reports. Black Box 1. South Park, “Chief Aid,” episode 27, October 7, 1998. 2. “Black box.” See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_box. 3. Ben Hogan. 4. Shaun Jordan video interview, “Managed Futures with Abraham Trading Co.” March 8, 2011. See http://www.cmegroup.com/education/managed-futures-with-abrahamtrading-co.html. Endnotes 259 5. Blog entry. See http://www.michaelcovel.com. 6. Blog response to “The reason people gave Madoff money; same reason they don’t give it to Trend Followers.”

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The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically
by Peter Singer
Published 1 Jan 2015

What Is Effective Altruism? 1. Emails from Matt Wage to the author, 2013–14, and Matt’s visit to my class at Princeton University, October 23, 2013. The class was recorded and is part of “Practical Ethics,” first offered on Coursera in March–June 2014. 2. “Effective Altruism,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_altruism, April 15, 2014. 3. Dean Karlan and Daniel Wood, “The Effect of Effectiveness: Donor Response to Aid Effectiveness in a Direct Mail Fundraising Experiment,” Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper No. 1038/Economics Department Working Paper No. 130, Yale University, April 15, 2014, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2421943; see especially pages 2–5 for a discussion of warm-glow giving, and page 15 for the reference to gifts that are less than the processing costs.

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,” University of Oxford Practical Ethics blog, May 22, 2012, http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2012/05/turning-cardinal-newman-on-his-head-just-how-bad-is-a-bad-intention/. Chapter 13. Reducing Animal Suffering and Protecting Nature 1. See, for example, the Wikipedia page “Animal Rescue Group,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rescue_group, which is about such organizations. 2. Humane Society of the United States, “Pets by the Numbers,” January 30, 2014, http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/pet_overpopulation/facts/pet_ownership_statistics.html. 3. Humane Society of the United States, “Farm Animal Statistics: Slaughter Totals,” April 17, 2014, http://www.humanesociety.org/news/resources/research/stats_slaughter_totals.html#.U27ZyvmSySo.

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Luke Muehlhauser, Facing the Intelligence Explosion, chap. 13, available at: intelligenceexplosion.com/2012/intelligence-explosion. 16. Nick Bostrom makes such a proposal at http://www.existential-risk.org/faq.html#10. Afterword 1. Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature (New York: Viking, 2011). 2. For estimates of the death toll in the Syrian civil war, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War. At the time of writing the highest of these estimates is 171,509 for a period of a little over three years, which gives a daily average of 144 deaths. Index Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), (i), (ii) abstract reasoning, (i), (ii), (iii) Access Long Distance, (i) advocacy.

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Seven Databases in Seven Weeks: A Guide to Modern Databases and the NoSQL Movement
by Eric Redmond , Jim Wilson and Jim R. Wilson
Published 7 May 2012

Footnotes [9] http://allthingsdistributed.com/files/amazon-dynamo-sosp2007.pdf [10] http://www.basho.com/ [11] http://www.erlang.org/ [12] http://ruby-lang.org [13] http://rubygems.org [14] http://rubygems.org/gems/riak-client [15] http://research.google.com/archive/mapreduce.html [16] http://wiki.basho.com/Replication.html [17] http://wiki.basho.com/MapReduce.html [18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce [19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_clock [20] http://wiki.basho.com/Vector-Clocks.html [21] http://lucene.apache.org/solr/ [22] http://code.google.com/p/leveldb/ [23] http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ [24] http://wiki.basho.com/Loading-Data-and-Running-MapReduce-Queries.html [25] http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/ Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

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Regardless of the database you choose as your SOR, you should certainly add Redis to the mix. Footnotes [53] http://redis.io [54] http://www.memcached.org/ [55] http://download.freebase.com/datadumps/latest/browse/book/isbn.tsv [56] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter [57] http://martinfowler.com/bliki/DatabaseThaw.html [58] http://download.freebase.com/datadumps/latest/browse/music/group_membership.tsv [59] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 9 Wrapping Up Now that we’ve made it through the databases, congratulations are in order! We hope you’ve gained an appreciation for these seven databases.

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The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies
by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee
Published 20 Jan 2014

Jules Verne, Works of Jules Verne (New York: V. Parke, 1911), http://archive.org/details/worksofjulesvern01vernuoft. 6. Shapiro and Varian, Information Rules, p. 21. 7. “Friendster,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friendster&oldid=559301831 (accessed June 27, 2013); “History of Wikipedia,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Wikipedia&oldid=561664870 (accessed June 27, 2013); “Blogger (service),” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blogger_(service)&oldid=560541931 (accessed June 27, 2013). 8. “Top Sites,” Alexa: The Web Information Company, http://www.alexa.com/topsites (accessed September 8, 2012). 9.

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Albert Gore, The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change (New York: Random House, 2013), p. 45. 3. The English Wikipedia has over 2.5 billion words, which is over fifty times as many as Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Wikipedia: Size Comparisons,” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, July 4, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Size_comparisons&oldid=562880212 (accessed August 17, 2013). 4. Actually, 90 percent of apps on smartphones are now free. Alex Cocotas, “Nine Out Of Ten Apps On Apple’s App Store Are Free,” Business Insider, July 19, 2013, http://www.businessinsider.com/nine-out-of-10-apps-are-free-2013-7#ixzz2cojAAOCy (accessed August 17, 2013). 5.

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The Book of CSS3
by Peter Gasston
Published 14 Apr 2011

(You may also note that this works in exactly the same way as a browser that is put into “quirks” mode.) Note If you’re a younger developer you may not remember “quirks” mode. It’s a system that emulates the incorrect way that Internet Explorer 5.5 used to lay out web pages; you can read more about it on Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks_mode). I use the box-sizing property in a few examples throughout this book, so if the effects (and benefits) aren’t immediately apparent right now, they should become clearer as you work through the rest of the chapters. Browser-Specific Prefixes In the previous section, I briefly discussed using browser-specific prefixes on the box-sizing property.

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In this example, I don’t have to use an extra rule—without it, I would have to use something like this: p abbr { border-bottom: 6px double black; } p:last-child abbr { border-bottom-color: white; } Although this may not seem like a big savings, it means I can update the parent element color and not have to worry about setting the color on any relevant children. On a large site with many different color combinations, you can see that currentColor would be extremely handy. The currentColor value is currently implemented in Firefox, WebKit, and Opera, and is planned for inclusion in IE9. * * * [4] This image is taken from Wikimedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HSL_color_solid_cylinder_alpha_lowgamma.png) and is published under a Creative Commons Attribution license. Matching the Operating System’s Appearance In CSS2, you could use colors from different aspects of your operating system to give websites a more “native” appearance.

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In the examples in the rest of this chapter I’ll use unitless values, because they are more common. If you want to skew an element, well, this is where it becomes a lot more complex—here’s where I need to introduce the trigonometric functions. You can read a full explanation of these functions on Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#Sine.2C_cosine_and_tangent), but here’s a quick and dirty summary: The trigonometric functions are ratio values used to calculate angles in a triangle. The first trigonometric function I’ll use is tan (tangent), which is required to skew an element along the x- or y-axis.

pages: 316 words: 94,886

Decisive: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work
by Chip Heath and Dan Heath
Published 26 Mar 2013

According to Wikipedia, Decca Records’ “regret at not signing The Beatles” made Decca willing to bend a great deal in the negotiations with the Rolling Stones. The Stones got “three times the typical royalty rate for a new act, full artistic control of recordings, and ownership of the recording masters” (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones). 10 Four steps. There is wide agreement across authors on the basic stages of a decision process, although in practice every decision book slices and labels them a tad differently. Our slicing of the steps probably owes the most to a great book by J. Edward Russo and Paul J.

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The Customer Officer of the Day and Focus 500 programs are described in Bertrand Marotte, “The New Xerox Battle Cry,” Globe and Mail, October 15, 2005, p. B3. The background financial information is in Kevin Maney, “Mulcahy Traces Steps of Xerox’s Comeback,” USA Today, September 21, 2006, p. B4. 9 Genba. Genba background comes from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemba. 10 Paul Smith, P&G. The Paul Smith story is from conversations between Chip Heath and Paul Smith in February and July 2012. Chapter 7: Ooch 1 “Ooch before we leap.” The material in this case study is from a conversation between Chip Heath and John Hanks in December 2010 and a follow-up between Dan Heath and Hanks in April 2011. 2 Physical therapy requirement.

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The background details of the story are told in a Harvard Business School case study by Adam Brandenburger and Vijay Krishna (1995), “Minnetonka Corporation: From Softsoap to Eternity” (HBS case 9-795-163). 8 An emergency landing. Readers in the United States will remember the remarkable story of US Airways Flight 1549, which experienced this event in 2009. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549. 9 Safety factor. The safety factors given here come from Wayne Hale, “Factors of Safety,” Wayne Hale’s Blog, http://blogs.nasa.gov/cm/blog/waynehalesblog/posts/post_1229459081779.html. 10 Schedule buffers at Microsoft. See Michael A. Cusumano and Richard Selby (1995), Microsoft Secrets (New York: Free Press), p. 94. 11 Call center case study, Evolv.

pages: 320 words: 33,385

Market Risk Analysis, Quantitative Methods in Finance
by Carol Alexander
Published 2 Jan 2007

Another useful law of matrix algebra is that the transpose of a product of two matrices is the product of the transposes in reverse order: AB = B A (I.2.1) A similar change of ordering is necessary when we take the inverse of a product of two square matrices – see below. I.2.2.3 Singular Matrices The unit or identity matrix I is a special square matrix with 1s along the main diagonal and 0s everywhere else. For instance, the 4 × 4 identity matrix is ⎛ ⎞ 1 0 0 0 ⎜0 1 0 0⎟ ⎟ I=⎜ ⎝0 0 1 0⎠ 0 0 0 1 4 See http://en.wikipedia.org for more information. For instance, the associative law is ABC = ABC. Thus, to multiply three matrices together, we can do the products in either order, provided we do not change the order of the matrices in the product. Essential Linear Algebra for Finance 41 It acts like the number 1 in ordinary algebra, i.e.

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One such add-in, developed by Leonardo Volpi of the Foxes team, Italy, has plenty of matrix functions including eigenvector and eigenvalue routines, Cholesky decomposition, covariance and correlation and so forth. It has been used for the examples in this book where Excel cannot perform the exercise without an add-in.7 6 7 For more details on this and other eigenvalue algorithms, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue_algorithm. This add-in should be loaded just like any other Excel add-in: under ‘Tools’ select ‘Add-Ins’ and then browse to locate the add-in as you have placed it on your machine. Having added this in once, you should not need to do so again. 54 Quantitative Methods in Finance Example I.2.10: Using an Excel add-in to ﬁnd eigenvectors and eigenvalues Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the correlation matrix ⎛ ⎞ 1 05 02 1 03 ⎠ C = ⎝ 05 02 03 1 Solution The power iteration method has been used for this example.

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In the spreadsheet for this example we use the add-in command MLU to obtain the matrices ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 −3 ⎜ 05 ⎜ 1 0 0⎟ −2 7 −05 ⎟ ⎟ U = ⎜0 ⎟ L=⎜ ⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ −05 1 0 0 0 65 775 ⎠ 05 −05 038 1 0 0 0 −073 and then we verify the relationship (I.2.33). We cannot always guarantee the existence of an LU decomposition for a square matrix, but there are various alternatives that may be used. For instance, any square matrix will have an LU decomposition if we permute of the rows or columns of L and U. Further details can be found on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_decomposition. I.2.6 PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS Principal component analysis is based on the spectral decomposition of a covariance matrix or a correlation matrix. That is, we use the relationship A = WW where A is either a covariance matrix or the corresponding correlation matrix.

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Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century
by P. W. Singer
Published 1 Jan 2010

Tremoglie, “Terrorist Tracking Technology,” American Daily, September 3, 2004, http://www.americandaily.com/article/2048. 277 “cannot guarantee the software” Graham-Rowe, “Intelligence Analysis Software to Predict Terrorist Attacks in the Future”; Applied Systems Intelligence, ASI Continues Growth by Putting Brains in Army’s Robots; Eng, Digital Warriors Artificial Intelligence May Help Spot Future Terrorism Attacks; Tremoglie, “Terrorist Tracking Technology.” 277 “is more terrifying than losing one’s privacy” Graham-Rowe, “Intelligence Analysis Software to Predict Terrorist Attacks in the Future”; “Orwellian” quote from Wikipedia, “Information Awareness Office,” December 25, 2007 (cited January 11, 2008); available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Awareness_Office. 14. LOSERS AND LUDDITES: THE CHANGING BATTLEFIELDS ROBOTS WILL FIGHT ON AND THE NEW ELECTRONIC SPARKS OF WAR 279 “Technological progress” “Albert Einstein Quotes,” Brainy Quote, 2008 (cited January 31, 2008); available at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/alberteins164554.html. 279 “Increasingly, we live in a world” Ralph Peters, “The Culture of Future Conflict,” Parameters 25, no. 4 (1995). 279 “I am a miner’s son” “Ralph Peters,” Wikipedia, August 3, 2007 (cited August 3, 2007); available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Peters. 280 “simply one of the most creative” Ralph Peters, Beyond Baghdad: Postmodern War and Peace, 1st ed.

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Singer, March 22, 2007. 35 “it was a big problem” Ibid. 35 “It saddens me to know” Ibid. 35 In the words of one U.S. officer Boot, War Made New, 383. 35 Predators carried out 2,073 missions Bill Sweetman, “USAF Predators Come of Age in Iraq and Afghanistan as Reaper Waits in the Wings,” Jane’s International Defence Review 39, no. 6 (2006): 52. 36 Global Hawk can fly “RQ-4 Global Hawk,” Wikipedia, March 24, 2007 (cited March 30, 2007); available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Hawk. 36 “you basically hit the land button” Air force officer, interview at Pentagon, Peter W. Singer, March 31, 2008. 36 The plane itself costs some $35 million Renae Merle, “Price of Global Hawk Surveillance Program Rises,” Washington Post, 2004, A17. 36 the U.S. Air Force plans to spend Bill Sweetman, “Long Range Endurance UAS Targets the Adversary,” Jane’s International Defence Review 39, no. 8 (2006): 41. 37 “It is more of a rush” Kevin Maurer, “Pilotless Plane Guides 82nd,” Fayetteville (NC) Observer, August 13, 2004. 37 “You throw the bird up” Noah Shachtman, “Attack of the Drones,” Wired 13.06 (2005), http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.06/drones.html. 37 the number of Ravens in service Ibid. 37 “reconnaissance with firepower” Owen West and Bing West, “Lessons from Iraq,” Popular Mechanics 182, no. 8 (2005): 50. 37 there were 5,331 drones Tom Vanden Brook, “Report: Insurgents Benefit from Drone Shortage,” USA Today, March 25, 2008. 37 “given the growth trends” David A.

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pg=2&topic=robots&topic_set=. 45 the field of modern chemistry J. Boone Bartholomees Jr., “The Heirs of Archimedes: Science and the Art of War through the Age of Enlightenment,” Parameters 35, no. 4 (2005): 136. 46 “to see what would happen” “Charles Babbage,” Wikipedia, April 20, 2007 (cited April 20, 2007); available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage. 46 “I called an official” Robert Finkelstein, “Military Robotics: Malignant Machines or the Path to Peace,” paper presented at the Military Robotics Conference, Institute for Defense and Government Advancement, Washington, DC, April 10-12, 2006. 47 the Germans protected their coast Steven M.

PostGIS in Action, 2nd Edition
by Regina O. Obe and Leo S. Hsu
Published 2 May 2015

Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com> www.it-ebooks.info Introducing PostGIS 9 You’ll be hard pressed to find the following features in other spatial databases:  Functions to work with GeoJSON and Keyhole Markup Language (KML), allow- ing web applications to talk directly to PostGIS without the need for additional serializing schemes or translations  Comprehensive geometry-processing functions that go far beyond basic geometric operations, including functions for fixing invalid geometries and for simplifying and deconstructing geometries  Built-in 3D and topology support  Over 150 seamless operations for working with vectors and rasters in tandem, as well as for converting between the two families GeoJSON and KML data formats Geographic JavaScript Object Notation (GeoJSON; http://geojson.org) and Keyhole Markup Language (KML; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language) are two of the most popular vector formats used by web-mapping applications:  GeoJSON is an extension of JSON that’s used for representing JavaScript objects. It adds to the JSON standard support for geographic objects.  KML is an XML format developed by Keyhole (which was purchased by Google), first used in Google’s mapping products and later supported by various mapping APIs.

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The mathematical underpinning of TINs is based on triangulating key peak and valley point locations of a surface to form non-overlapping connected area pockets. The most common form of Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com> www.it-ebooks.info 43 Geometry triangulation used in GIS is Delaunay triangulation (explained on Wikipedia: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaunay_triangulation). PostGIS 2.1 specifically added a powerful ST_DelaunayTriangles function to convert a “well-behaved” polygon collection into a TIN. But one shortcoming of ST_DelaunayTriangles is that it can’t convert polyhedral surfaces to TINs. For that conversion, you need to use ST_Tesselate, which is packaged with SFCGAL and will convert polygon collections as well.

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Although uDig allows you to write queries, uDig doesn’t understand SQL. Instead, you have to resort to a more obscure web query standard called Common Query Language (CQL). CQL As of version 1.2, CQL renamed itself Contextual Query Language. You can learn more about CQL on Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Contextual_Query_Language. Licensed to tracy moore <nordick.an@gmail.com> www.it-ebooks.info 134 5.4.2 CHAPTER 5 Using PostGIS on the desktop Connecting to PostGIS uDig has the easiest interface for connecting to PostGIS. Choose Layer > Add from the menu, and PostGIS appears as a data source (shown at the left in figure 5.13).

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Programming Scala
by Unknown
Published 2 Jan 2010

[Szyperski1998] Clemens Szyperski, Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming, Addison-Wesley Longman Limited, 1998. [TDD] Test-Driven Development, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_develop ment. [Terracotta] Terracotta, http://terracotta.org/. [TestNG] TestNG, http://testng.org/. [Turbak2008] Franklyn Turbak, David Gifford, and Mark A. Sheldon, Design Concepts of Programming Languages, The MIT Press, 2008. [TypeInference] Type inference, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_inference. [VanRoy2004] Peter Van Roy and Seif Haridi, Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming, The MIT Press, 2004.

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[DesignByContract] Building bug-free O-O software: An introduction to Design by Contract™, http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/manuals/technology/contract/. 387 Download at WoweBook.Com [Deursen] Arie van Deursen, Paul Klint, and Joost Visser, Domain-Specific Languages: An Annotated Bibliography, http://homepages.cwi.nl/~arie/papers/dslbib/. [EBNF] Extended Backus-Naur Form, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Backus– Naur_Form. [Eiffel] Eiffel Software, http://eiffel.com. [Ford] Bryan Ford, The Packrat Parsing and Parsing Expression Grammars Page, http: //pdos.csail.mit.edu/~baford/packrat/. [Ford2009] Neal Ford, Advanced DSLs in Ruby, http://github.com/nealford/presenta tions/tree/master.

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[Ortiz2007] Jorge Ortiz, Fun with Project Euler and Scala, http://scala-blogs.org/2007/ 12/project-euler-fun-in-scala.html. [Ortiz2008] Jorge Ortiz, Manifests: Reified Types, http://scala-blogs.org/2008/10/mani fests-reified-types.html. [OSullivan2009] Bryan O’Sullivan, John Goerzen, and Don Steward, Real World Haskell, O’Reilly Media, 2009. [PEG] Parsing Expression Grammar, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing_expression _grammar. [Pierce2002] Benjamin C. Pierce, Types and Programming Languages, The MIT Press, 2002. [Pollak2007] David Pollak, The Scala Option class and how lift uses it, http://blog.lostlake .org/index.php?/archives/50-The-Scala-Option-class-and-how-lift-uses-it.html. [QuickCheck] QuickCheck, Automated Specification-Based Testing, http://www.cs .chalmers.se/~rjmh/QuickCheck/.

pages: 505 words: 127,542

If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Happy?
by Raj Raghunathan
Published 25 Apr 2016

Gilbert et al., “Immune Neglect: A Source of Durability Bias in Affective Forecasting,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75(3) (1998): 617. For misforecasting in consumer contexts, see V. M. Patrick, D. J. MacInnis, and C. W. Park, “Not as Happy as I Thought I’d Be? Affective Misforecasting and Product Evaluations,” Journal of Consumer Research 33(4) (2007): 479–89. For a more reader-friendly version, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affective_forecasting. we . . . give . . . negative events from . . . past a positive spin: See A. Keinan and R. Kivetz, “Productivity Orientation and the Consumption of Collectable Experiences,” Journal of Consumer Research 37(6) (2011): 935–50. It is precisely because: For findings on how women are less willing to have another child during childbirth, but change their mind later, see J.

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Begley, The Mind and the Brain (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009). 100,000 students on January 1, 2016: Projection based on expected growth in number of enrolled learners in the course. the world’s most popular MOOC: Coursera is an initiative of Stanford University to democratize education. You can learn more about it by going to: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera. top-ten list of Coursera courses: In terms of number of “active learners” (which refers to the number of students who have watched at least one lecture). class-central.com: See https://www.class-central.com/provider/coursera?sort=rating-up. As of October 27, 2015, the course ranked #4 of all Coursera courses offered up until that point.

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Park, and C. Peterson, “Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions,” American Psychologist 60(5) (2005): 410–21, and S. L. Gable and J. Haidt, “What (and Why) Is Positive Psychology?” Review of General Psychology 9(2) (2005): 103–10. For a more user-friendly version, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_psychology. the tendency to find closure or meaning: Work by Pennebaker and others suggests that the attempt to find meaning and closure for events, even negative ones, helps improve happiness levels. See J. W. Pennebaker, “Putting Stress into Words: Health, Linguistic, and Therapeutic Implications,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 31(6) (1993): 539–48.

pages: 370 words: 100,856

Moonshot: The Inside Story of Mankind's Greatest Adventure
by Dan Parry
Published 22 Jun 2009

See NASA's Lunar Surface Journal, at http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a12/a12_lmpcuff.pdf 2 Michael Collins, Carrying the Fire. 3 David Harland, The First Men on the Moon; and http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/ 4 http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples/ 5 David West Reynolds, Apollo, The Epic Journey to the Moon; and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon 6 Harland, op. cit. 7 Collins, op. cit. 8 Ibid. 9 Buzz Aldrin and Wayne Warga, Return to Earth. 10 Ibid. 11 Ibid. 12 Ibid.; http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/specials/space/article2582966.ece; and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin 13 Buzz Aldrin, roll 382, 22:13:01:17. 14 Harland, op. cit. 15 Neil Armstrong in conversation with Eric Jones, at NASA's Lunar Surface Journal http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.html 16 BBC News, at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2272321.stm; and http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2410431.stm GLOSSARY AGS Abort Guidance System AOS Acquisition of Signal BIG Biological Isolation Garment CapCom Spacecraft Communicator CMP Command Module Pilot CSM Command and Service Module DAP Digital Autopilot DOI Descent Orbit Insertion DPS Descent Propulsion System DSKY [Computer] Display and Keyboard EASEP Early Apollo Surface Experiment Package EMU Extra-vehicular Mobility Unit EVA Extra-vehicular Activity FIDO Flight Dynamics Officer GET Ground Elapsed Time IMU Inertial Measurement Unit LEB Lower Equipment Bay LES Launch Escape System LEVA Lunar Extra-vehicular Visor Assembly LLTV Lunar Landing Training Vehicle LM Lunar Module LMP Lunar Module Pilot LOI Lunar Orbit Insertion LOS Loss Of Signal LRL Lunar Receiving Laboratory RRR Laser Ranging Retro-Reflector MCC Mid-Course Correction MESA Modular Equipment Stowage Assembly MOCR Mission Operations Control Room MQF Mobile Quarantine Facility MSFN Manned Space Flight Network NASCOM NASA Communications Network PDI Powered Descent Initiation PGNS Primary Guidance and Navigation System PLSS Portable Life Support System PPK Personal Preference Kit PSE Passive Seismic Experiment PTC Passive Thermal Control S-IC First Stage of the Saturn V S-II Second Stage of the Saturn V S-IVB Third Stage of the Saturn V SWC Solar Wind Composition (Collector) TEI Trans-Earth Injection TLI Trans-lunar Injection BIBLIOGRAPHY Books, focusing on contemporary works and first-hand accounts Buzz Aldrin and Wayne Warga, Return to Earth, Random House, 1973 David A.

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.; and Andrew Chaikin, A Man on the Moon (Penguin,1994). 11 Chaikin, op. cit. 12 Hansen, op. cit. 13 Kranz, op. cit. 14 Hansen, op. cit. 15 Buzz Aldrin and Wayne Warga, Return to Earth; and Slayton, op. cit. 16 Kranz, op. cit. 17 Chris Kraft, Flight. 18 Collins, op. cit. 19 Kraft, op. cit. 20 Collins, op. cit. 21 Ibid. 22 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit.; also see Hansen, op. cit. 23 Hansen, op. cit. 24 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins, with Gene Farmer and Dora Jane Hamblin, First on the Moon. 25 NASA's Lunar Surface Journal, at http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.1201-fm.html; and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer 26 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins, op. cit.; and Collins, op. cit. 27 http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/attm/a11.jo.fc.1.html 28 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 29 Collins, op. cit. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. Chapter 7: Risks and Risky Remedies 1 Deke Slayton, Deke!. 2 David Shayler, Disasters and Accidents in Manned Spaceflight. 3 Slayton, op. cit. 4 Ibid. 5 Dr James Hansen, First Man. 6 Michael Collins, Carrying the Fire. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid. 9 Frank Borman, roll 386, 06:30:10. 10 Collins, op. cit. 11 Ibid. 12 Ibid. 13 Frank Borman, roll 386, 06:30:10. 14 Susan Borman, roll 388, 08:02:47:21. 15 Collins, op. cit. 16 Bill Anders, roll 1376, 16:14:22:28. 17 Andrew Chaikin, A Man on the Moon. 18 Ibid.; and Bill Anders, roll 1376 16:39:02:27. 19 Hansen, op. cit. 20 Buzz Aldrin and Wayne Warga, Return to Earth; and Hansen, op. cit. 21 Hansen, op. cit.; and personal conversation between the author and Neil Armstrong, Barcelona, 12/4/08. 22 Hansen, op. cit. 23 Ibid. 24 Ibid. 25 Ibid. 26 Ibid. 27 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins, with Gene Farmer and Dora Jane Hamblin, First on the Moon. 28 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 29 Slayton, op. cit.; and Hansen, op. cit. 30 Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins, op. cit. 31 Slayton, op. cit. 32 Ibid. 33 Chris Kraft, Flight. 34 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 35 Ibid. 36 Hansen, op. cit. 37 Collins, op. cit. 38 Ibid. 39 Hansen, op. cit. 40 Collins, op. cit. 41 Hansen, op. cit. 42 Ibid. 43 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 44 Buzz Aldrin interview, roll 382, 22:29:40:29. 45 Hansen, op. cit. 46 Slayton, op. cit.; Kraft, op. cit.; Hansen, op. cit.; and Andrew Smith, Moondust 47 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 48 Kraft, op. cit.; and Hansen, op. cit. 49 Buzz Aldrin, roll 383, 23:01:05:14. 50 Buzz Aldrin, roll 382, 22:13:01:17. 51 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 52 Ibid. 53 Slayton, op. cit. 54 Aldrin and Warga, op. cit. 55 Ibid. 56 Hansen, op. cit.; and Collins, op. cit.

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Sparks, Moon Landing, Project Apollo, Dodd, Mead, 1970 Glen Swanson (ed.), Before This Decade Is Out, University Press of Florida, 2002 Loyd Swenson, James Grimwood and Charles Alexander, This New Ocean, NASA, 1998 Guenter Wendt, The Unbroken Chain, Apogee Books, 2001 Websites history.nasa.gov/monograph4 history.msfc.nasa.gov/saturn_apollo/first_saturn_rocket.html history.nasa.gov/SP-4205 www.thespacereview.com/article/735/1 www.chron.com/content/chronicle/special/jfk/houston/stories/dinner.html www.britannica.com/eb/article-9057747/Outer-Space-Treaty#145193.hook www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/670127.asp www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.1201-fm.html en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/attm/a11.jo.fc.1.html www.thespacereview.com/article/188/3 www.thespacereview.com/article/735/1 www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/moon/peopleevents/p_wives.html news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7085003.stm www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-4204 www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/news_events/apollo11 www.uss-hornet.org/history/apollo www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/samples news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2272321.stm news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2410431.stm Use the following NASA link to find out when the International Space Station can be seen with the naked eye above your home town: spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/sightings/index.html INDEX Aaron, John Abernathy, Reverend Ralph Agena target vehicle Air and Space Museum see Smithsonian Institution Aldrin, Buzz (Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr) Apollo 8 career post-Apollo 11 childhood Gemini flights landing on the moon launch, Apollo 11 launch preparation, Apollo 11 MIT moon, on appearance of moon walk, NASA, joins Neil Armstrong and position in Apollo program PR duties, Apollo 11 quarantine, Apollo 11 re-entry and landing, Apollo 11 rendezvous expert return to Eagle, Apollo 11 return to earth, Apollo 11 selected for Apollo 11 selection for moon walk on surface of moon, Apollo 11 training undocking, Apollo 11 command and lunar modules US Navy Aldrin, Gene Aldrin, Joan Algranti, Joe Anders, Bill Apollo, Project Apollo 1 tragedy, effect upon costs of Kennedy and see Kennedy, John F.

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The Upside of Inequality
by Edward Conard
Published 1 Sep 2016

Ibid. 9. Paul Krugman, “The Conscience of a Liberal: Inequality and Economic Performance,” New York Times, December 2, 2014, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/inequality-and-economic-performance/?module=BlogPost-Title&version=Blog. 10. Gross World Product, Wikipedia (n.d.), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_world_product. International Monetary Fund, “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects,” World Economic Outlook Database, October 2014, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=67&pr.y=8&sy=2012&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=924&s=NGDP_R%2CNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDP%2CNGDPD%2CNGDP_D%2CNGDPRPC%2CNGDPPC%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPSH&grp=0&a. 11.

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Robert Reich, Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not the Few (New York: Knopf, 2015). Paul Krugman, “Challenging the Oligarchy,” New York Review of Books, December 17, 2015. 30. Lawrence Summers, “The Future of Work in the Age of the Machine.” 31. “ExxonMobil,” Wikipedia, retrieved September 30, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExxonMobil. 32. Brianna Cardiff-Hicks, Francine Lafontaine, and Kathryn Shaw, “Do Large Modern Retailers Pay Premium Wages?” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 20313, July 2014, http://www.nber.org/papers/w20313. 33. Theo Francis and Ryan Knutson, “Wave of Megadeals Tests Antitrust Limits in U.S.,” Wall Street Journal, October 18, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/wave-of-megadeals-tests-antitrust-limits-in-u-s-1445213306.

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Paul Krugman, “The Conscience of a Liberal: Monetary Policy in a Liquidity Trap,” New York Times, April 11, 2013, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/monetary-policy-in-a-liquidity-trap. 54. Martin Wolf, “Lunch with the FT: Ben Bernanke,” Financial Times, October 23, 2015, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0c07ba88-7822-11e5-a95a-27d368e1ddf7.html. 55. “Pushing on a String,” Wikipedia, accessed December 18, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushing_on_a_string. 56. Paul Krugman, “The Conscience of a Liberal: Rethinking Japan,” New York Times, October 20, 2015, http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/10/20/rethinking-japan. 57. John Cochrane, “The Fed Needn’t Rush to ‘Normalize,’” Wall Street Journal, September 16, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-fed-neednt-rush-to-normalize-1442441737.

pages: 332 words: 100,601

Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations
by Nandan Nilekani
Published 4 Feb 2016

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903480904576512250915629460 6. Saran, Rohit. 26 December 2005. ‘1995: Cell phones arrive’. India Today. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bengal-cm-jyoti-basu-made-indias-first-cell-phone-call-to-telecom-minister-sukh-ram-in-1995/1/192421.html 7. Telecommunications statistics in India: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_statistics_in_India Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. 4 July 2012. ‘Highlights on Telecom subscription data as on 31st May 2012’. http://www.trai.gov.in/WriteReadData/PressRealease/Document/PRTSD-May12.pdf Press Trust of India. 29 January 2014. ‘India to have 243 million Internet users by June 2014: Report’.

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The Fourth Revolution: The Global Race to Reinvent the State. Penguin Books. 13. Guha, Ramachandra. 2007. India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy. Pan Macmillan. 14. Anand, Umesh. September 2012. ‘Ratnauli’s wired hero’. http://www.civilsocietyonline.com/pages/HOF_Details.aspx?185 15. Growth of Facebook. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Facebook_growth 16. Shah, Ajay. 2006. ‘Improving Governance Using Large IT systems’. Documenting Reforms: Case Studies from India. S. Narayan (ed.). New Delhi: Macmillan India, pp. 122–148. NSDL charges. https://nsdl.co.in/about/charges.php 17. 2001 Census of India: Migration.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBATYKn_cBY 2. 10 June 2008. ‘Karnataka farmers on rampage over fertilizer shortage’. Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Karnataka-farmers-on-rampage-over-fertilizer-shortage/articleshow/3115597.cms 3. Green Revolution. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution 4. Mukherji, Biman. 8 July 2014. ‘India to Keep Grain Supplies on Fears of Poor Monsoon Rains’. Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/india-to-keep-grain-supplies-on-fears-of-poor-monsoon-rains-1404814017 Statistics on Agricultural Production, FAOSTAT. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx 5.

pages: 346 words: 97,330

Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley From Building a New Global Underclass
by Mary L. Gray and Siddharth Suri
Published 6 May 2019

Dirtbag Requesters on Amazon Mechanical Turk (blog), August 29, 2013. http://scumbagrequester.blogspot.com/2013/08/what-is-jon-brelig-and-oscar-smith.html. Wikipedia. S.v. “Corporate Social Responsibility.” Accessed June 20, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility. Wikipedia. S.v. “Pareto Principle.” Accessed June 15, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle. Williams, Joan C., Susan J. Lambert, Saravanan Kesavan; Peter J. Fugiel, Lori Ann Ospina, Erin Devorah Rapoport, Meghan Jarpe, Dylan Bellisle, Pradeep Pendem, Lisa McCorkell, and Sarah Adler-Milstein. “Stable Scheduling Increases Productivity and Sales: The Stable Scheduling Study.”

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Julie Yujie Chen, “Thrown Under the Bus and Outrunning It! The Logic of Didi and Taxi Drivers’ Labour and Activism in the On-Demand Economy,” New Media & Society, September 6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817729149. [back] 17. Wikipedia, s.v. “Pareto Principle,” accessed June 15, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle. [back] 18. United Nations Development Programme, Global Dimensions of Human Development, Human Development Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992). [back] 19. Jesse Chandler, Pam Mueller, and Gabriele Paolacci, “Nonnaïveté Among Amazon Mechanical Turk Workers: Consequences and Solutions for Behavioral Researchers,” Behavior Research Methods 46, no. 1 (March 2014): 112–30, https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7.

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See Mike Isaac and Noam Scheiber, “Uber Settles Cases with Concessions, but Drivers Stay Freelancers,” New York Times, April 21, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/technology/uber-settles-cases-with-concessions-but-drivers-stay-freelancers.html; Alex Rosenblat and Luke Stark, “Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers,” International Journal of Communication 10 (July 27, 2016): 27. [back] 6. Alex Rosenblat, Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work (Oakland: University of California Press, 2018). [back] 7. Wikipedia, s.v. “Corporate Social Responsibility,” accessed June 20, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility. [back] 8. Gray et al., “The Crowd,” 134–47. [back] 9. Parikh’s approach to corporate social responsibility took things one step further. He asked company founders to design products and services that made a market for themselves, filling a societal need rather than using profits from a popular product to fund philanthropy.

pages: 317 words: 71,776

Inequality and the 1%
by Danny Dorling
Published 6 Oct 2014

(Cambridge: Polity, 2013), p. 10, for a very well-articulated opposing view that current trends do now appear to be a little like just such a machine. 39. Dorling, ‘Fairness and the Changing Fortunes of People in Britain’. 40. For a short history of UK tax, see ‘Income Tax’ at politics.co.uk. 41. There are many sources. One that is easily edited but currently good is ‘History of Taxation in the United Kingdom’, at en.wikipedia.org. 42. W. Streeck, ‘The Crises of Democratic Capitalism’, New Left Review II/71 (September–October 2011). 43. D. Box, ‘Bond Markets, Not Politicians, Control Our Future’, Ecologist, 29 April 2010, at theecologist.org. 44. P. Roscoe, I Spend Therefore I Am (London: Penguin, 2014), p. 154. 45.

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Press Association, ‘Church Could Take Control of Secular Schools under New Deal, Report Says’, Huffington Post, 4 July 2013, at huffingtonpost.co.uk. 47. Although it is speculated that he attended Durham School, a private all-boys school that only started taking girls from 1985. See ‘List of Old Dunelmians’, at en.wikipedia.org. 48. J. Merrick, ‘Michael Gove Held Talks with “IQ Genes” Professor’, Independent, 13 October 2013, at independent.co.uk. 49. Benyamin et al., ‘Childhood Intelligence is Heritable’. 50. C. M. A. Haworth, K. Asbury, P. S. Dales and R. Plomin ‘Added Value Measures in Education Show Genetic as Well as Environmental Influence’, PLoS One 6: 2 (2011).

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Warrell, ‘Gove Takes Aim at Cameron’s Etonians’, Financial Times, 14 March 2014. 43. P. Wintour, ‘Ed Miliband Attacks Coalition’s Growth Strategy in which Rich Will Gain Most’, Guardian, 17 March 2014. 44. ‘He was later widely reported as saying that Labour would “tax the rich until the pips squeak”, which Healey denied.’ Denis Healey, at en.wikipedia.org. 45. Apparently income inequality has been falling worldwide since the year 2000. Figure 3 in B. Milanovic, ‘Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: in History and Now’, Policy Research Working Paper 6259, November 2012, World Bank, at elibrary.worldbank.org. 46. CROP, ‘Mobilizing Critical Research for Preventing and Eradicating Poverty’, Policy Brief, January 2013, Bergen, Centre For Research on Poverty. 47.

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The End of Traffic and the Future of Transport: Second Edition
by David Levinson and Kevin Krizek
Published 17 Aug 2015

Sept. 2006. http://www.nber.org/papers/w12530 102 Figure 3.9 Source: Schoner, Jessica, Greg Lindsey, and David Levinson (2015) Travel Behavior Over Time. MnDOT Report. 103 Occam's Razor, named for William of Ockham (1287-1347) says "among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam's_razor 104 This is discussed in more detail in Garrison, W. L., & Levinson, D. M. (2014). The Transportation Experience: Policy, Planning, and Deployment. Oxford University Press. 105 Figure 3.10 Source: Historian, US Postal Service (2015-03) Pieces of Mail Handled, Number of Post Offices, Income, and Expenses Since 1789. https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/pieces-of-mail-since-1789.pdf 106 Kurzweil, Ray (2005) The Singularity is Near: When Human Transcend Biology.

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The Transportation Futures Project: Planning for Technology Change. Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.handle.net/11299/177640. 136 The standard for EV charging in North America is SAE J1772 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAE_J1772. The standards for fast chargers (superchargers) are still more up in the air. The Tesla Supercharger is not compatible with others e.g. See Kane, Mark (2013) "DC Quick Charging Battle Just Beginning: CHAdeMO Vs. SAE Combo Vs. Tesla Supercharger" InsideEVs http://insideevs.com/dc-quick-charging-battle-just-beginning-chademo-vs-sae-combo-vs-tesla-supercharger/ 137 Battery swap was first proposed in 1900 by L.R.

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Source US Census Statistical Abstract http://www.census.gov/prod/2/gen/96statab/app4.pdf and US Federal Highway Administration: Highway Statistics http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2012/vmt422c.cfm 223 See: http://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2015/3/2/transportations-missing-middle 224 See taxonomy of modes at: http://transportationist.org/category/transportation/ 225 Car seats that fit your children is another factor of personal space that favors ownership. 226 List of metros, see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metro_systems 227 Like anything, different surveys with different assumptions produce different transit mode shares. For a comparison see Polzin, S. E., & Chu, X. (2005). A closer look at public transportation mode share trends. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 8(3), 41-53.

pages: 250 words: 64,011

Everydata: The Misinformation Hidden in the Little Data You Consume Every Day
by John H. Johnson
Published 27 Apr 2016

Peter Coy, “FAQ: Reinhart, Rogoff, and the Excel Error That Changed History,” Bloomberg Business website, April 18, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-04-18/faq-reinhart-rogoff-and-the-excel-error-that-changed-history. 29. “Wikipedia: About,” Wikipedia, accessed June 13, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About. 30. That said, even when the data does come from a trusted media source, you should at least recognize the fact that a few large media conglomerates are responsible for much of the news and entertainment you consume on a daily basis, which could have a significant effect on what you see and hear. 31. “Ten Things You May Not Know About Wikipedia,” Wikipedia, accessed June 13, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ten_things_you_may_not_know_about_Wikipedia#You_can.27t_actually_change_anything_in_Wikipedia.E2.80.A6. 32.

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Hoch, “Cherry-Picking,” Journal of Marketing 69, no. 1 (2005): 46–62. 10. John Allen Paulos, “Why Do We Believe That Catastrophes Come in Threes?,” ABC News website, July 5, 2009, http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/WhosCounting/story?id=7988416. 11. “2009: Deaths,” Wikipedia website, accessed April 25, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009#Deaths. And no, we don’t recommend Wikipedia as a primary source. 12. And, in case you’re wondering, the three teams that won game one and went on to win the World Series were the ’87 Twins, ’84 Tigers, and the ’80 Phillies. “1988 World Series-Game 1-Bottom of the 9th,” Dailymotion website, accessed April 25, 2015, http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xd2fhk_1988-world-series-game-1-bottom-of_sport. 13.

Spite: The Upside of Your Dark Side
by Simon McCarthy-Jones
Published 12 Apr 2021

Sznycer et al., “Support for Redistribution Is Shaped by Compassion, Envy and Self-Interest, but Not a Taste for Fairness,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 31 (2017): 8420–8425. 59. N. Bostrom, “The Vulnerable World Hypothesis,” Global Policy 10, no. 4 (2019): 455–476. 60. For a cautionary tale relating to nuclear fission, see Wikipedia, s.v. “David Hahn,” last modified July 25, 2020, 17:56, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hahn. For an inspiring tale of nuclear fusion, see S. Worrall, “Why This 14-Year-Old Kid Built a Nuclear Reactor,” National Geographic, July 26, 2015, www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/07/150726-nuclear-reactor-fusion-science-kid-ngbooktalk/. Or perhaps just leave things well enough alone. 61.

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Brethel-Haurwitz et al., “Is Costly Punishment Altruistic?” 39. J. C. Cardenas, “Social Norms and Behavior in the Local Commons as Seen Through the Lens of Field Experiments,” Environmental and Resource Economics 48, no. 3 (2011): 451–485. 40. Wikipedia, s.v. “Milgram Experiment,” accessed August 5, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milgram_experiment&oldid=971251066. 41. Brethel-Haurwitz et al., “Is Costly Punishment Altruistic?” 42. E. Fehr and K. M. Schmidt, “A Theory of Fairness, Competition and Cooperation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 3 (1999): 817–868. 43. Fehr and Schmidt, “A Theory of Fairness, Competition and Cooperation.” 44.

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Rousseau, as cited in I. Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1969). 2. S. Pinker, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress (New York: Penguin, 2018), 8. 3. Wikipedia, s.v. “Milgram Experiment,” accessed August 5, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Milgram_experiment&oldid=971251066. 4. To get a sense of this, you can see the illusionist Derren Brown’s re-creation of the experiment here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xxq4QtK3j0Y. 5. J. M. Burger, Z. M. Girgis, and C. C. Manning, “In Their Own Words: Explaining Obedience to Authority Through an Examination of Participants’ Comments,” Social Psychological and Personality Science 2, no. 5 (2011): 460–466. 6.

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Software Engineering at Google: Lessons Learned From Programming Over Time
by Titus Winters , Tom Manshreck and Hyrum Wright
Published 17 Mar 2020

Somewhere between 5-10 years seems like a conservative estimate for this transition in general. 7 To his credit: Hyrum tried really hard to humbly call this “The Law of Implicit Dependencies,” but “Hyrum’s Law” is the shorthand that most people at Google have settled on. 8 “Workflow”, http://xkcd.com/1172/ 9 A type of DoS attack in which an untrusted user knows the structure of a hash table and the hash function and provides data in such a way as to degrade the algorithmic performance of operations on the table. 10 “The Heartbleed Bug” http://heartbleed.com/ 11 “Meltdown and Spectre” https://meltdownattack.com/ 12 Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems, O’Reilly Media, April 2016, Betsy Beyer, Chris Jones, Jennifer Petoff, Niall Richard Murphy 13 Whenever we use “scalable” in an informal context in this chapter, we mean “sublinear scaling wrt. human interactions.” 14 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_frog#As_metaphor 15 This is a reference to the popular song “Single Ladies” which includes the refrain “If you liked it then you shoulda put a ring on it.” 16 Specifically: interfaces from the C++ standard library needed to be referred to in namespace std, and an optimization change for std::string turned out to be a significant pessimization for our usage, thus requiring some additional workarounds. 17 Ibid.

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If your tasks require effort that scales with lines of code, that’s concerning. 19 This is not to say that decisions need to be made unanimously, or even with broad consensus - in the end, someone has to be the decider. This is primarily a statement of how the decision making process should flow for whoever is actually responsible for the decision. 20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox Chapter 2. Build Systems & Build Philosophy Written by Erik Kueffler Edited by Lisa Carey If you ask Google engineers what they like most about working at Google (besides the free food and cool products), you might hear something surprising: engineers love the build system1.

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The Industries of the Future
by Alec Ross
Published 2 Feb 2016

By contrast, in more rigidly: Li Qian, “Chinese Dominate Ranking of Young CEOs,” China Daily, January 24, 2007, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-01/24/content_791703.htm. China’s biggest social media: “Ma Huateng,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Huateng. Its largest e-commerce company: Michelle FlorCruz, “Who Is Jack Ma? Five Things to Know about the Alibaba Founder before the IPO,” International Business Times, May 6, 2014, http://www.ibtimes.com/who-jack-ma-five-things-know-about-alibaba-founder-ipo-1580890; “Lei Jun,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_Jun. Grain is nicknamed “white oil” because: Jon Gosier, “A Look at the Apps4Africa 2011 Winners,” Appfrica (blog), January 14, 2012, http://blog.appfrica.com/2012/01/14/a-look-at-the-apps4africa-2011-winners/.

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As of this writing: “AADHAAR Generation Progress in India,” Unique Identification Authority of India, Government of India, https://portal.uidai.gov.in/uidwebportal/dashboard.do?lc=h. In the 2000s, Brazil did: Patti Domm, “Growing Middle Class Fuels Brazil’s Economy,” CNBC, April 28, 2011, http://www.cnbc.com/id/42785493#. During the same period, Argentina: “Immigration to Argentina,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Argentina#cite_note-ref1-1. By 1914, Argentina ranked: “A Century of Decline,” Economist, February 15, 2014, http://www.economist.com/node/21596582/print. With oil reserves set to dry: Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, “Saudi Oil Well Dries Up,” Telegraph, September 5, 2012, http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/finance/ambroseevans-pritchard/100019812/saudi-oil-well-dries-up/; “Gross Domestic Product 2014,” World Development Indicators database, World Bank, July 1, 2015, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf.

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In the developing world: Katty Kay and Claire Shipman, “Fixing the Economy Is Women’s Work,” Washington Post, July 12, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/10/AR2009071002358.html. According to the World Bank: “Women, Business and the Law,” World Bank Group, http://wbl.worldbank.org/data. The world’s largest Muslim-majority: “List of Islands of Indonesia,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia. This culture extends to government: Yenni Kwok, “Indonesia’s Elections Feature Plenty of Women, But Respect in Short Supply,” Time, April 8, 2014, http://time.com/53191/indonesias-election-features-plenty-of-women-but-respect-in-short-supply/. In factories they were given: “The Lives of Rural and Urban Chinese Women under State Capitalism,” Mount Holyoke College, https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~jejackso/Women%20Under%20Mao.htm.

pages: 416 words: 106,532

Cryptoassets: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond: The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond
by Chris Burniske and Jack Tatar
Published 19 Oct 2017

Introduction to Distributed Communications Networks (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1964), http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_memoranda/RM3420.html. 3. http://www.Internetsociety.org/Internet/what-Internet/history-Internet/brief-history-Internet. 4. http://www.Internetlivestats.com/google-search-statistics/. 5. https://www.textrequest.com/blog/texting-statistics-answer-questions/. 6. https://www.lifewire.com/how-many-emails-are-sent-every-day-1171210. 7. https://hbr.org/2016/05/the-impact-of-the-blockchain-goes-beyond-financial-services. 8. https://dailyfintech.com/2014/08/28/hey-banks-your-fat-margin-is-my-opportunity/. 9. http://www.coindesk.com/microsoft-blockchain-azure-marley-gray/. 10. http://fortune.com/2016/08/19/10-stocks-beaten-googles-1780-gain/. 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble#cite_note-40. 12. https://coinmarketcap.com/historical/20161225/. 13. https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2013/12/25/buffettbooks.aspx. Chapter 1 1. https://www.stlouisfed.org/financial-crisis/full-timeline; http://historyofbitcoin.org/. 2. http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/651322.pdf. 3. http://wayback.archive.org/web/20120529203623/http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/profile/SatoshiNakamoto. 4. http://observer.com/2011/10/did-the-new-yorkers-joshua-davis-nail-the-identity-of-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto/. 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satoshi_Nakamoto#cite_note-betabeat-12. 6. http://www.economist.com/news/business-and-finance/21698060-craig-wright-reveals-himself-as-satoshi-nakamoto. 7. https://www.wired.com/2016/05/craig-wright-privately-proved-hes-bitcoins-creator/. 8. http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21698294-quest-find-satoshi-nakamoto-continues-wrightu2019s-wrongs. 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/17/business/17bear.html?

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Ibid. 40. https://www.thebalance.com/what-do-financial-advisers-think-of-bitcoin-391233. 41. https://www.onefpa.org/journal/Pages/SEP14-The-Value-of-Bitcoin-in-Enhancing-the-Efficiency-of-an-Investor%E2%80%99s-Portfolio.aspx. 42. https://www.thebalance.com/what-do-financial-advisers-think-of-bitcoin-391233. Chapter 16 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law. 2. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Intel-Corporation. 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel. 4. http://ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2015/6/15/us-tech-funding. 5. https://site.warrington.ufl.edu/ritter/ipo-data/. 6. http://ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2015/6/15/us-tech-funding. 7. http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnchisholm/2013/08/06/the-regulatory-state-is-strangling-startups-and-destroying-jobs/2/#1d88e9112651. 8.

The Deep Learning Revolution (The MIT Press)
by Terrence J. Sejnowski
Published 27 Sep 2018

This is a 40-page evaluation of early results from learning in multilayer perceptrons, which is well worth reading in the light of subsequent developments. 19. See https://www.dartmouth.edu/~ai50/homepage.html. See also https://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/AI@50/. 20. Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985). 318 Notes 21. See “Society of Mind,” Wikipedia, last edited August 22, 2017. https://en .wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Mind. 22. Cynthia Breazeal at MIT and Javier Movellan have developed social robots that interact with humans and use facial expressions to communicate, promising first steps toward a computational theory of emotions. 23.

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A standard deviation is the half width of a bell-shaped curve. Only 16 percent of the samples are larger than one standard deviation from the mean. Only three in ten thousand samples are more than four standard deviations from the mean. 288 Notes 28. The scenario in the 1983 science fiction movie WarGames, comes to mind. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames. 29. See D. Silver, A. Huang, C. J. Maddison, A. Guez, L. Sifre, G. v. d. Driessche, et al., “Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search,” Nature 529, no. 7587 (2016): 484–489. 30. “I don’t know how to start or what to say today,” Sedol told members of the press, “but I think I would have to express my apologies first.

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If a network of simulated neurons is trained to read and then is damaged, it produces strikingly similar behavior” (76). 15. N. Srivastava, G. Hinton, A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and R. Salakhutdinov, “Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting,” Journal of Machine Learning Research 15 (2014):1929–1958. 16. “Netflix Prize,” Wikipedia, last modified, August 23, 2017, https://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Netflix_Prize. 17. Carlos A. Gomez-Uribe, Neil Hunt, “The Netflix Recommender System: Algorithms,” ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 6, no. 4 (2016) , article no. 13. 18. T. M. Bartol Jr., C. Bromer, J. Kinney, M. A. Chirillo, J. N. Bourne, K. M. Harris, and T. J. Sejnowski, “Nanoconnectomic Upper Bound on the Variability of Synaptic Plasticity,” eLife, 4:e10778, 2015, doi:10.7554/eLife.10778. 19.

pages: 415 words: 102,982

Who’s Raising the Kids?: Big Tech, Big Business, and the Lives of Children
by Susan Linn
Published 12 Sep 2022

Adam Hochschild, Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005). 3. “Women’s Suffrage in the United States,” Wikipedia, December 8, 2021, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States&oldid=1059301611. 4. “Same-Sex Marriage in the United States,” Wikipedia, October 24, 2021, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States&oldid=1051634688. 5. Vincent Harding, There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981). 6. Ariel Schwartz, “Computer Algorithms Are Now Deciding Whether Prisoners Get Parole,” Business Insider, December 15, 2015, www.businessinsider.com/computer-algorithms-are-deciding-whether-prisoners-get-parole-2015-12. 7.

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Judith Stephenson et al., “Population, Development, and Climate Change: Links and Effects on Human Health,” Lancet 382, no. 9905 (November 16, 2013): 1665–73, doi.org/10.1016/S0140−6736(13)61460-9. 10. Joe Pinsker, “A Cultural History of the Baseball Card,” The Atlantic, December 17, 2014. 11. See “Happy Meal” in Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Happy_Meal&oldid=1043595386. 12. Craig Donofrio and Brittany Alexandra Sulc, “Most Valuable Beanie Babies,” Work + Money, January 4, 2022, www.workandmoney.com/s/most-valuable-beanie-babies-e902756fef944af3. 13. Bulbapedia, the Community-Driven Pokémon Encyclopedia, s.v.

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Let’s Make a Sandwich, produced by Simmel-Meservey in collaboration with the American Gas Association (1950), www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz4SYkwSxTM. 2. “The Story of Lubricating Oil: Standard Oil Educational Film,” Periscope Films, 1949, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4noZ0OaSyFc. 3. “Wikipedia: Pollution of the Hudson River,” Wikimedia Foundation, last modified March 27, 2021, 23:50, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_of_the_Hudson_River. 4. Faith Boninger, “The Demise of Channel One,” interview by NEPC Newsletter (Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center), August 2, 2018, nepc.colorado.edu/publication/newsletter-channel-one-080218. 5. “About Channel One News,” Channel One, www.channelone.com/common/about. 6.

How Emotions Are Made: The New Science of the Mind and Brain
by Lisa Feldman Barrett
Published 6 Mar 2017

[back] 25. that don’t exist in English: Good summaries can be found in Russell 1991a; Mesquita and Frijda 1992; and Pavlenko 2014. calling it “Forelsket”: So Bad So Good 2012. certain feeling of close friendship: Verosupertramp85 2012. “Tocka” is a spiritual anguish: Ibid. a strong, spiritual longing: Wikipedia, s.v. “Saudade,” last modified April 1, 2016, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudade. called “Pena Ajena”: So Bad So Good 2012. [back] 26. something that is unbearably adorable: Garber 2013; So Bad So Good 2012. [back] 27. before the event takes place: “Better Than English” 2016. [back] 28. looking worse after a haircut: Pimsleur 2014. [back] 29. depending on context: Lutz 1980; Russell 1991b.

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See more on phantom limb syndrome at heam.info/phantom-1. [back] 24. likely to develop persistent pain: Beggs et al. 2012. heightened pain in later childhood: Hermann et al. 2006; Walker et al. 2009. routinely not anesthetized: Wikipedia, s.v. “Pain in Babies,” last modified February 23, 2016, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_in_babies. linked to bad nociceptive predictions: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2013; Maihöfner et al. 2005; Birklein 2005. [back] 25. scans will look somewhat different: In chapter 1, we discussed the use of pattern classification to diagnose instances of different emotion categories (e.g., distinguishing instances of anger from fear).

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[back] 34. sex, or ethnicity: Haney 2005, 189–209; Lynch and Haney 2011. See also heam.info/empathy-1. So much for the idea of being judged by a jury of your peers (which is enshrined in the Magna Carta and the U.S. Bill of Rights). [back] 35. the “Chechen wolf”: Wikipedia, s.v. “Chechen Wolf,” last modified March 18, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_wolf. [back] 36. painful to shame your family: Nisbett and Cohen 1996. [back] 37. leading to his death sentence: Imagine if a defendant in a murder case smiled through the proceedings; see heam.info/trial-1. [back] 38. as evidence from the trial: Keefe 2015. See also Gertner 2015.

pages: 497 words: 150,205

European Spring: Why Our Economies and Politics Are in a Mess - and How to Put Them Right
by Philippe Legrain
Published 22 Apr 2014

In 2012, the figure was 306 per cent in Ireland, 230 per cent in Portugal and 104 per cent in Britain. 67 http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2010/11/08/397221/the-likely-cost-of-irelands-bank-bailout/ GNP figure in 2012 is €127 billion: https://namawinelake.wordpress.com/2012/12/16/irelands-gnp-and-gdp-in-2012/ 68 See in particular pages 72-75 of Aftershock: Reshaping the World After the Crisis, Little, Brown: 2010. 69 Ibid, page 74 70 See http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123371182830346215.html and http://blogs.ft.com/maverecon/2009/01/the-good-bank-solution/ 71 Philippe Legrain, Aftershock: Reshaping the World After the Crisis, Little, Brown: 2010, page 75. 72 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bank_failures_in_the_United_States_(2008–present). Checked on 18 May 2013 73 http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/02/01/uk-dutch-finance-cbank-idUKBRE9100A420130201 74 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/645b24e6-adbc-11e2-82b8-00144feabdc0.html 75 http://www.eba.europa.eu/-/eba-publishes-results-of-the-basel-iii-monitoring-exercise-as-of-end-2012 Around a third of the 170 banks surveyed by the EBA failed to meet the very weak Basel target of a 3-per-cent equity buffer, with a combined capital shortfall of €133 billion.

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Code: nasq_ki 102 Mancur Olson, The Rise and Decline of Nations, Yale: 1984 103 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b31dd248-d785-11e2-a26a-00144feab7de.html 104 At the European Summit in The Hague in 1969, the heads of state and government of the European Community agreed to prepare a plan for economic and monetary union. The Werner Report was drawn up by a working group chaired by Pierre Werner, Luxembourg’s prime minister and minister for finances, and presented in October 1970. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Plan 105 If the debt-to-GDP ratio exceeded the 60 per cent limit, it should at least have "sufficiently diminished and must be approaching the reference value at a satisfactory pace". 106 More precisely, ten-year government bond yields close to the EU average. 107 The no-bailout clause was initially in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty and later in the 2009 Lisbon Treaty that encompasses and amends the Maastricht Treaty.

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The Bank of England could buy the bonds of the new British Investment Bank, simultaneously providing more effective monetary stimulus and improving businesses’ access to credit, as Adam Posen, a former member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee, has advocated. 441 The government has already published a National Infrastructure Plan, but has so far done little actual investment. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/209279/PU1524_IUK_new_template.pdf 442 Kevin Cahill, Who Owns the World: The Hidden Facts Behind Landownership, Mainstream, 2006 443 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elected_hereditary_peers_under_the_House_of_Lords_Act_1999 444 Simon Tilford, "Why British prosperity is hobbled by a rigged land market", Centre for European Reform, 13 February 2013 http://centreforeuropeanreform.blogspot.co.uk/2013/02/why-british-prosperity-is-hobbled-by.html 445 Idem 446 Idem 447 Idem 448 http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21592646-monetary-policy-may-call-end-house-price-party-castles-made-sand 449 Idem 450 http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/sep/25/merkel-germany-europe-tortoise-us-china 451 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4f975822-1405-11e3-9289-00144feabdc0.html 452 http://www.economist.com/node/21552567 453 Eurostat, gross domestic product at market prices, volume, index 2005 =100.

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Our Robots, Ourselves: Robotics and the Myths of Autonomy
by David A. Mindell
Published 12 Oct 2015

Ehrhard, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the United States Armed Services: A Comparative Study of Weapon System Innovation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 16. their arrow-straight trajectories: David Mindell, Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing Before Cybernetics (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000). A few even flew in Iraq in 2003: “Ryan Firebee,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Firebee, accessed June 16, 2015. little evidence of this “white scarf syndrome”: Ehrhard, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 41. “only the obscure novelty of a mechanical feat”: Ibid., 652, 674. Karem said in a recent interview: Mark Harris, “The Dronefather,” The Economist 405, no. 8813 (December 2012).

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“US Military Announces New Medal for Cyberwarfare and Drone Operation,” The Verge, http://www.theverge.com/2013/2/13/3985802/us-military-announces-distinguished-warfare-medal-for-cyberwarfare-drones, accessed May 17, 2014. “US Defense Secretary Downgrades Drone Medal after Outcry,” The Verge, http://www.theverge.com/2013/4/15/4228112/defense-secretary-downgrades-drone-medal-distinguishing-device, accessed May 17, 2014. “Distinguished Warfare Medal,” Wikipedia, May 4, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distinguished_Warfare_Medal&oldid=607013488, accessed May 16, 2014. “Medals for Drone Warriors Canceled,” New York Times, April 15, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/16/us/politics/medals-for-drone-warriors-canceled.html, accessed July 23, 2014. “whether there isn’t danger enough to give us glory”: William Keeler, quoted in David Mindell, Iron Coffin: War, Technology, and Experience Aboard the USS Monitor, 2nd edition (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012).

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Also see the blog of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Committee of the American Bar Association, http://apps.americanbar.org/dch/committee.cfm?com=ST248008. The certification approach for software on life-critical systems: See, for example, DO-178B, the software certification standard required by the FAA: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DO-178B. define levels of automation in cars: Erik Stayton, “Driverless Dreams: Narratives, Ideologies, and the Shape of the Automated Car,” Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. “Navy Drones with a Mind of Their Own”: James Paduano, et al., “TALOS: An Unmanned Cargo Delivery System for Rotorcraft Landing to Unprepared Sites.”

pages: 231 words: 71,248

Shipping Greatness
by Chris Vander Mey
Published 23 Aug 2012

It’s incredibly easy to sign up—you use your Facebook account—and your landing page is great because Pinterest suggests people for you to follow and fills your page with lovely images that you care about. Here’s a tip to help ensure you experience what new users experience: when you hit feature complete and again when you hit code complete, make sure you delete all your data and accounts and start from scratch. * * * [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle Chapter 6. How to Measure Greatness YOU CAN FREQUENTLY ASSESS the quality of a team by the quality of their metrics. Metrics are the lifeblood of a team lead because everything in your job is a negotiation, and metrics provide a rational foundation for discussion.

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Sounds good. (…and go talk to senior management. There’s no point in asking a team that’s happily playing catch to win the World Series unless that’s actually the stated goal.) Thank God you’re here. You’re welcome. What did the last person do that helped you so much? * * * [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Maze Chapter 9. How to Build Great, Shippable Technology IF YOU WANT TO ship a great product quickly, you must be able to ask insightful questions, provide good directional guidance, and make smart technical decisions about what you must build now and what you can build later.

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Just as we discussed having the answer service and the decider service return results independently, you too should ask if there are parts of the system that can be decoupled. For example, if you can load the advertising separately, such that those systems can function fully independently, you’ll have a much more resilient system, and users will be able to complete their primary task even if the advertising system is broken. * * * [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law Chapter 10. How to Be a Great Shipping Communicator IF YOU ARE TRYING to ship software, you almost certainly have a ton of information to disseminate, statuses to gather, checkups to perform, and other details to sweat. You’re going to need to send a lot of email and run a lot of meetings.

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Design for Hackers: Reverse Engineering Beauty
by David Kadavy
Published 5 Sep 2011

Farmers had to keep records on agricultural practices, and the formation of government and commerce called for the recording of tax payments. Figure 3-8 These cave paintings in Lascaux are some of the earliest known drawings. Figure 3-9 Petroglyphs such as these consist of pictographs and ideographs, which are some of the earliest forms of written language. Jrbouldin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jrbouldin) The earliest of such records are clay tablets that have been scrawled with a stylus into an organized grid of pictographs (see Figure 3-10). As more record-keeping was necessary, and the profession of the scribe was born, efficiency was improved by developing a writing system that consisted of vertical columns, so that a scribe would not smear the clay as he rested his hands on the tablet.

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Figure 5-17 A logarithmic spiral that decays by a factor of 0.75 fits perfectly over this spiral from the cutaway of the Nautilus shell. Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Chris_73) Figure 5-18 The clownfish has some interesting proportional relationships with the golden ratio. Fir0002/Flagstaffotos (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Fir0002), licensed under http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:GNU_Free_Documentation_License_1.2 The powder blue tang also shows some proportional relationships with the golden ratio, although its proportions are different from those of the clownfish. As you can see in Figure 5-19, the body of the fish fits within a golden-ratio rectangle that has had another golden-ratio rectangle appended to it.

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Because the Munsell system is based upon the sensitivity of human perception, it is not uniform in shape, like the Farbenkugel (see Figure 8-14). The Munsell system was developed in the early 1900s but is still in active use today. Figure 8-13 The Munsell color system codes colors according to their hue, value, and chroma. Jacob Rus (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jacobolus) The success of the Munsell system lies in its aim at perceptual uniformity. The codifications of color within the Munsell system are based upon scientific measurement of human subjects’ response to color. Because of this, two colors of different hues but identical values within the Munsell system will be equal in perceptual lightness to the human eye.

Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World
by Cal Newport
Published 5 Jan 2016

Information about David Heinemeier Hansson comes from the following websites: • David Heinemeier Hanson. http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/. • Lindberg, Oliver. “The Secrets Behind 37signals’ Success.” TechRadar, September 6, 2010. http://www.techradar.com/us/news/internet/the-secrets-behind-37signals-success-712499. • “OAK Racing.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAK_Racing. For more on John Doerr’s deals: “John Doerr.” Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/profile/john-doerr/. The $3.3 billion net worth of John Doerr was retrieved from the following Forbes.com profile page on April 10, 2014: http://www.forbes.com/profile/john-doerr/. “We are in the early throes of a Great Restructuring” and “Our technologies are racing ahead”: from page 9 of Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Andrew McAfee.

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A Psychological Argument for Depth For more on the experience sampling method, read the original article here: Larson, Reed, and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. “The Experience Sampling Method.” New Directions for Methodology of Social & Behavioral Science. 15 (1983): 41-56. You can also find a short summary of the technique at Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_sampling_method. “The best moments usually occur”: from page 3 of Csikszentmihalyi, Flow. “Ironically, jobs are actually easier to enjoy”: Ibid., 162. “jobs should be redesigned”: Ibid., 157. A Philosophical Argument for Depth “The world used to be”: from page xi of Dreyfus, Hubert, and Sean Dorrance Kelly.

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Tim Ferriss’s 2007 mega-seller, The 4-Hour Workweek (New York: Crown, 2007), popularized it further, especially among the technology entrepreneur community. The Wikipedia page on the Pareto principle has a good summary of various places where this general idea applies (I drew many of my examples from here): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle. Quit Social Media “Everything’s more exciting when it’s a party” and general information on Ryan Nicodemus’s “packing party”: “Day 3: Packing Party.” The Minimalists. http://www.theminimalists.com/21days/day3/. Average number of Twitter followers statistic comes from: “Average Twitter User Is an American Woman with an iPhone and 208 Followers.”

pages: 271 words: 77,448

Humans Are Underrated: What High Achievers Know That Brilliant Machines Never Will
by Geoff Colvin
Published 3 Aug 2015

James Merlino, Service Fanatics: How to Build Superior Patient Experience the Cleveland Clinic Way (McGraw Hill Education, 2015). CHAPTER SIX The F-4 Phantom fighter jet . . . See http://web.archive.org/web/20110604105623/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/f4/firsts.htm. Also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II, which directs to various statistical sources. Their top-of-the-line plane, the MiG-21 . . . See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21. In the first few years of the Vietnam War . . . Description of the history and operations of the Navy Fighter Weapons School, and later quotations from “Mugs” McKeown, are from “‘You Fight Like You Train’ and TOP GUN Crews Train Hard,” Armed Forces Journal International, May 1974, pp. 25–26, 34.

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Azinger tells the story of captaining the 2008 U.S. Ryder Cup team in Cracking the Code (Looking Glass Books, 2010), which he cowrote with Ron Braund, a clinical therapist who helped him devise his strategy. They had lost five of the six previous tournaments . . . Data on Ryder Cup history and players are from www.rydercup.com and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryder_Cup. His doctors had ordered him not to play . . . Reported in Hank Haney, The Big Miss: My Years Coaching Tiger Woods (Three Rivers Press, 2012). “No grand idea was ever born in a conference . . .” http://classiclit.about.com/od/fitzgeraldfsco/a/F-Scott-Fitzgerald-Quotes_2.htm.

Where Does Money Come From?: A Guide to the UK Monetary & Banking System
by Josh Ryan-Collins , Tony Greenham , Richard Werner and Andrew Jackson
Published 14 Apr 2012

Evidence to the Indian Currency Committee in Marshall, A. (n.d.). Correspondence of Alfred Marshall, Economist, Volume II, 1891-1902 at the Summit. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 17 Pigou (1949). op. cit. 18 Sidrauski, M., (1967). Rational choice and patterns of growth in a monetary economy. Retrievable from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Economic_Review American Economic Review 57(2): 534-544 19 Fisher, I., (1911). The Purchasing Power of Money. New York: Macmillan. 20 Clower, R., (1967). A reconsideration of the microfoundations of money. Western Economics Journal. Retrievable from http://www.carlostrub.ch/sites/default/files/Clower1967.pdf, in Walker D.

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Banking Law and Journal May: 377-408 41 Davies (2002). op. cit., p. 663 42 Wray, L. R., (1998). Understanding Modern Money: The Key to Full Employment and Price Stability, Chapter 3. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar p. 43 43 Grierson, P., (1977). The Origins of Money, London: Athlone Press, pp. 19-21 44 Wikipedia (n.d.) Retrievable from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wergeld 45 Greirson (1977). op. cit. p. 43 46 Innes (1913). op. cit. 47 Wray (1998). op. cit. Chapter 3 48 Innes (1913). op. cit. p. 398 49 Mosler, W., (2010). Seven Deadly Innocent Frauds of Economic Policy. Valance Co. Inc., p. 18 50 Knapp, G. F., (1905). The State Theory of Money.

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Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 71-83 79 Carruthers (1996) op. cit., p. 130 80 Ibid. 81 Ferguson (2008). op. cit. Chapter 2 82 Pressnell, L.S., (1956). Country Banking in the Industrial Revolution. Oxford: University Press / Clarendon Press 83 Davies (2002). op. cit. pp. 286-92 84 Ibid. p. 311 85 Galbraith (1975) op. cit. pp. 48-9 86 Ibid. 87 Retrievable from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Charter_Act_1844 88 Bagehot, W., (1876). Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market, New York: Scribner, Armstrong and Co., p. 25 89 Werner (2005). op. cit. p. 179 90 Cobbett, W., (1828). Paper Against Gold, p. 5, quoted in El Diwany (2003) op. cit. 91 Davies (2002). op. cit. p. 321 92 Nichols (1992-61). op. cit. p. 3 93 Davies (2002). op. cit. p. 372 94 Remarks by Governor Ben S.

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Building the Cycling City: The Dutch Blueprint for Urban Vitality
by Melissa Bruntlett and Chris Bruntlett
Published 27 Aug 2018

“Post-War Reconstruction.” W (blog). https://www.wederopbouwrotterdam.nl/en/post-war-reconstruction/, accessed June 28, 2017. Wikipedia. “Cycling in the Netherlands.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands, accessed December 12, 2017. —————. “German Bombing of Rotterdam.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_bombing_of_Rotterdam, accessed June 21, 2017. —————. “List of Countries by Vehicles Per Capita.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita, accessed December 12, 2017. WIRED Magazine. “8 Cities That Show You What the Future Will Look Like.” https://www.wired.com/2015/09/design-issue-future-of-cities/, accessed November 10, 2017.

pages: 298 words: 43,745

Understanding Sponsored Search: Core Elements of Keyword Advertising
by Jim Jansen
Published 25 Jul 2011

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is another concept without basis from the psychology domain.1 The same goes for Bloom’s Taxonomy in the area of learning.2 The Three Laws of Robotics is a pure science fiction creation from Isaac Asimov.3 In the area of Web searching, there is no theoretical grounding for the informational-navigational-transactional categories [33]. In each of these areas, however, the paradigms caught on and shaped future thought, practice, and research. â•‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow’s_hierarchy_of_needs â•‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom’s_Taxonomy 3 â•‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics 1 2 So, what could account for this widely accepted model not accurately describing actual consumer behavior? One possible explanation is the principle of least effort [10]. Built on information-processing theory [21, 22], the buying funnel is a rational process that assumes potential consumers act rationally and expend resources to find the optimal solution.

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The seven dirty words (i.e., filthy words) are seven English words that the American comedian George Carlin used in a 1972 monologue, “Seven Words You Can’t Say on Television.” The seven words became symbolic of both the U.S. government regulation of the national airwaves and efforts to limit lurid content during family television-viewing time, illustrating the impact and varied meaning that these terms can have. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_dirty_words A quick note on terminology: A keyphrase is a set of one or more keywords that an advertiser selects to trigger an ad. The ad is triggered when a searcher enters a query that matches the keyphrase. A query is a set of one or more terms (a.k.a., keyterms) submitted by a searcher to a search engine.

System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong and How We Can Reboot
by Rob Reich , Mehran Sahami and Jeremy M. Weinstein
Published 6 Sep 2021

more than 3.9 million articles: Camille Slater, “Wikipedia vs Britannica: A Comparison Between Both Encyclopedias,” SciVenue, November 17, 2017, http://scivenue.com/2017/11/17/wikipedia-vs-britannica-encyclopedia/. more than 6.2 million articles: Wikipedia, s.v., “Wikipedia: Statistics,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics; “Wikistats: Statistics for Wikimedia Projects,” Wikimedia Statistics, https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org/reading/total-page-views/normal%7Cbar%7C2-year%7C~total%7Cmonthly. two-thirds of visits: Wikipedia, s.v., “Google Statistics,” May 1, 2013, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Google_statistics&oldid=553012140. spending on SEO: Greg Sterling, “Forecast Says SEO-Related Spending Will Be Worth $80 Billion by 2020,” Search Engine Land, April 19, 2016, https://searchengineland.com/forecast-says-seo-related-spending-will-worth-80-billion-2020-247712.

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And It Was Amazing,” Washington Post, October 21, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/10/21/the-white-houses-first-website-launched-20-years-ago-this-week-and-it-was-amazing/. there were fewer than ten thousand websites: Wikipedia, s.v., “List of Websites Founded Before 1995,” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_websites_founded_before_1995&oldid=997260381. “an oasis from regulation”: Ehrlich, “A Brief History of Internet Regulation.” Americans also pay much higher prices: Emily Stewart, “America’s Monopoly Problem, Explained by Your Internet Bill,” Vox, February 18, 2020, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/2/18/21126347/antitrust-monopolies-internet-telecommunications-cheerleading; Becky Chao and Claire Park, “The Cost of Connectivity 2020,” New America Open Technology Institute, July 2020, https://www.newamerica.org/oti/reports/cost-connectivity-2020/global-findings/.

pages: 412 words: 116,685

The Metaverse: And How It Will Revolutionize Everything
by Matthew Ball
Published 18 Jul 2022

John Koetsier, “The 36 Most Interesting Findings in the Groundbreaking Epic Vs Apple Ruling That Will Free The App Store,” Forbes, September 10, 2021, accessed January 3, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2021/09/10/the-36-most-interesting-findings-in-the-groundbreaking-epic-vs-apple-ruling-that-will-free-the-app-store/?sh=56db5566fb3f. 11. Wikipedia, s.v. “Internet,” last edited October 13, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet. 12. Paul Krugman, “Why Most Economists’ Predictions Are Wrong,” Red Herring Online, June 10, 1998, Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/19980610100009/http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue55/economics.html. 13. Wired Staff, “May 26, 1995: Gates, Microsoft Jump on ‘Internet Tidal Wave,’ ” Wired, May 26, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.wired.com/2010/05/0526bill-gates-internet-memo/. 14.

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Dean Takahashi, “How Pixar Made Monsters University, Its Latest Technological Marvel,” Venture Beat, April 24, 2013, accessed January 5, 2022, https://venturebeat.com/2013/04/24/the-making-of-pixars-latest-technological-marvel-monsters-university/. 2. Wikipedia, s.v. “Metaphysics,” last edited October 28, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics. 3. Stephenson, Snow Crash, 27. 4. CCP Team, “Infinite Space: An Argument for Single-Sharded Architecture in MMOs,” Game Developer, August 9, 2010, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/infinite-space-an-argument-for-single-sharded-architecture-in-mmos. 5.

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Ben Gilbert, “Almost No One Knows about the Best Android Phones on the Planet,” Insider, October 25, 2015, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.businessinsider.com/why-google-makes-nexus-phones-2015-10. 3. Wikipedia, s.v. “Possession is Nine-Tenths of the Law,” last edited December 6, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_is_nine-tenths_of_the_law. 4. Hannah Murphy and Joshua Oliver, “How NFTs Became a $40bn Market in 2021,” Financial Times, December 31, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022. Note, this sum, $40.9 billion, is limited to the Ethereum blockchain, which is estimated to have 90% share of NFT transactions. 5.

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Surviving AI: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence
by Calum Chace
Published 28 Jul 2015

ENDNOTES (1) The term economic singularity was first used (as far as I can tell) by the economist Robin Hanson: http://mason.gmu.edu/~rhanson/fastgrow.html (2) http://arxiv.org/pdf/0712.3329v1.pdf (3) http://skyview.vansd.org/lschmidt/Projects/The%20Nine%20Types%20of%20Intelligence.html (4) The term AGI has been popularised by AI researcher Ben Goertzel, although he gives credit for its invention to Shane Legg and others: http://wp.goertzel.org/who-coined-the-term-agi/ (5) The Shape of Automation for Men and Management by Herbert Simon, 1965 (6) Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines by Marvin Minsky, 1967 (7) http://www.internetlivestats.com/google-search-statistics/ (8) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-frequency_trading (9) The Big Switch by Nicholas Carr (p 212) (10) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army#Third_Department (11) The Big Switch by Nicholas Carr (p 212) (12) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Skfw282fJak (13) The Economist, December 4, 2003 (14) Douglas Adams, The Salmon of Doubt (15) http://www.wired.com/2014/10/future-of-artificial-intelligence/ (16) http://lazooz.org/ (17) https://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/11/19/losing-humanity (18) http://www.ifr.org/industrial-robots/statistics/ (19) “Economic possibilities for our grandchildren”: http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf (20) https://www.youtube.com/watch?

pages: 302 words: 86,614

The Alpha Masters: Unlocking the Genius of the World's Top Hedge Funds
by Maneet Ahuja , Myron Scholes and Mohamed El-Erian
Published 29 May 2012

Sonia Gardner, cofounder, Avenue Capital Group, June 2011. Marc Lasry, cofounder, Avenue Capital Group, February 2011. Charles Spiller, director, Pennsylvania Public School Employees Retirement System, August 2011. References Avenue Capital Management, www.avenuecapital.com, August 2011. Avenue Capital Group, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_Capital, August 2011 Burton, Katherine, Hedge Hunters, New York: Bloomberg Press, 2007. Griffiths, Tony. “The HFMWeek 50 Most Influential People in Hedge Funds,” Hedge Fund Manager Week, October 2010. Skoglund, Jeff, and Michael Marczak. “Automotive High Yield and Bank Loan Weekly Relative Value.”

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“Ackman Questions Lampert on Sears,” New York Times Dealbook, May 6, 2008, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/ackman-grills-lampert-on-sears/. “Activist Investor Bids for Barnes & Noble, Borders Merger,” Business Pundit, December 7, 2010, www.businesspundit.com/activist-investor-bids-for-barnes-noble-borders-merger/. “Bill Ackman.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ackman. “Bill Ackman Buys Sears Holdings Corp., Target Corp., Greenlight Capital Re, LTD., Sells Staples Inc.” Guru News, November 17, 2007. http://www.gurufocus.com/forum/read.php?1,17371. Burton, Katherine. “Ackman’s Reputation May Get Marked Down in Target War (Update1).” Bloomberg, April 16, 2009, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?

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Chapter 9: The Derivatives Pioneer: Boaz Weinstein, Saba Capital Management Interviews Boaz Weinstein, founder, Saba Capital, June 2011. Boaz Weinstein, founder, Saba Capital, May 2011. References Agnew, Harriet. “Weinstein’s Saba Raises ‘Black Swan’ Fund.” Financial News, January 27, 2011. “Boaz Weinstein,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaz_Weinstein. Patterson, Scott. “Star Trader Who Lost Big to Quit Deutsche.” Wall Street Journal, January 10, 2009. Patterson, Scott, and Serena Ng. “Deutsche Bank Fallen Trader Left Behind $1.8 Billion Hole.” Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2009. Phillips, Matt, Jonathan Cheng, and Stephen Grocer.

pages: 309 words: 84,539

The Burning Shore: How Hitler's U-Boats Brought World War II to America
by Ed Offley
Published 25 Mar 2014

Cate (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955), http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/VI/AAF-VI-17.html. 12.BT-13 Valiant specifications from “Vultee BT-13A Valiant,” Combat Air Museum (Forbes Field, Kansas), www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee.html. 13.Barksdale Field history from Barksdale Air Force Base website at Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barksdale_Air_Force_Base#Origins; twin-engine aircraft procurement during 1940–1941 from “Army Air Forces Statistical Digest (World War II),” US Air Force, June 1947 (hereafter “USAAF Statistical Digest”). 14.Kane graduation date from Kane Oral Interview. 15.Christmas crew gathering recounted by U-701 survivor Gerhard Schwendel to Günther Degen. 16.U-701 movements from the U-boat’s Kriegstagebüch (daily war diary) from July 16, 1941, through February 9, 1942 (hereafter “U-701 KTB 1”); crew size from “Report of Interrogation of Survivors of U-701 Sunk by U.S.

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Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan (New York: Vintage Books, 1985), 96; B-Dienst message from “German Navy Reports of Intercepted Radio Messages,” NARA RG 457, cited in Gannon, Drumbeat, xv; B-Dienst telegram stuns Hitler from Blair, Hitler’s U-boat War, 1:435; Oshima and Ribbentrop talks from “Hiroshi Oshima,” Wikipedia, www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Oshima. 8.Raeder and Dönitz urge unrestricted U-boat campaign from Blair, Hitler’s U-boat War, 1:360; also Abbazia, Mr. Roosevelt’s Navy, 230; Führerprinzip from Heinrich Winkler with Alexander Sager, Germany: The Long Road West: 1933–1990 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 37. 9.Jodl repeated Hitler’s comment on Japan and the United States to his interrogators at Nuremberg in 1945 and details of the Rainbow Five leak both cited in Thomas Fleming, “The Big Leak,” American Heritage 38, no. 8 (December 1987). 10.Hitler meets with military commanders in Fleming, “The Big Leak”; Roosevelt radio address on December 9, 1941, from Mount Holyoke College World War II archive at https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/WorldWar2/radio.htm; Hitler’s December 11 Reichstag speech from “Germany’s Declaration of War Against the United States,” Institute for Historical Review, www.ihr.org/jhr/v08/v08p389_Hitler.html; Hitler takes over army command from Fleming, “The Big Leak.” 11.Details of HMS Duke of York arrival in Norfolk from “Telegram: Prime Minister Churchill to President Roosevelt,” in “The Conference at Washington, 1941–42” (hereafter “Arcadia Proceedings”), in US State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States, posted at the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections at http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?

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Roosevelt’s Navy, 230; Führerprinzip from Heinrich Winkler with Alexander Sager, Germany: The Long Road West: 1933–1990 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 37. 9.Jodl repeated Hitler’s comment on Japan and the United States to his interrogators at Nuremberg in 1945 and details of the Rainbow Five leak both cited in Thomas Fleming, “The Big Leak,” American Heritage 38, no. 8 (December 1987). 10.Hitler meets with military commanders in Fleming, “The Big Leak”; Roosevelt radio address on December 9, 1941, from Mount Holyoke College World War II archive at https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/WorldWar2/radio.htm; Hitler’s December 11 Reichstag speech from “Germany’s Declaration of War Against the United States,” Institute for Historical Review, www.ihr.org/jhr/v08/v08p389_Hitler.html; Hitler takes over army command from Fleming, “The Big Leak.” 11.Details of HMS Duke of York arrival in Norfolk from “Telegram: Prime Minister Churchill to President Roosevelt,” in “The Conference at Washington, 1941–42” (hereafter “Arcadia Proceedings”), in US State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States, posted at the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections at http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?id=FRUS.FRUS194143; HMS Duke of York history from “HMS Duke of York,” Wikipedia, www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Duke_of_York_(17). 12.FDR-Churchill first meeting and impressions from Jon Meacham, Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship (New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2004), 4–5; evolution of relationship from Meacham, Franklin and Winston, 47; details of Arcadia Conference from Arcadia Proceedings, Buell, Master of Sea Power, 162–171, and Blair, Hitler’s U-boat War, 1:445–447; Japanese attacks in Far East from Polmar and Allen, World War II, 11–13. 13.Churchill remarks on shipping crisis and FDR expansion of shipbuilding from Blair, Hitler’s U-boat War, 1:446–447; Troopship convoy to leave New York on January 15, 1942, from Arcadia Proceedings, January 11, 1942, 190–193; Churchill on “greatest importance” of prompt arrival of troops from notes by Lt.

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The End of Big: How the Internet Makes David the New Goliath
by Nicco Mele
Published 14 Apr 2013

Michel, “Get Off the Bus.” 34. http://www.propublica.org/special/reportingnetwork-signup 35. http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php 36. http://www.cjr.org/feature/the_josh_marshall_plan.php 37. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeff-cohen/josh-marshall-on-the-grow_b_131571.html 38. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeff-cohen/josh-marshall-on-the-grow_b_131571.html 39. http://www.niemanlab.org/encyclo/talking-points-memo/ 40. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars 41. http://blog.oregonlive.com/mapesonpolitics/2010/04/kitzhaber_opponent_of_gorge_ca.html 42. http://storify.com/acarvin/rep-gifford 43. http://storify.com/jcstearns/tracking-journalist-arrests-during-the-occupy-prot 3. Big Political Parties 1.

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v=7GSmDsAET7I 29. http://thecable.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/05/11/hagel_reagan _wouldn_t_identify_with_today_s_gop 30. https://secure.actblue.com/about 31. http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/07/tech/web/meetup-2012-campaign-sifry/index.html 32. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.01/dean.html 33. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/jobs/06boss.html?_r=1 34. Ibid. 35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_Elect#Ballot_status 36. http://www.americanselect.org/ 37. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/sunday-review/direct-democracy-2-0.html 38. http://transparency.globalvoicesonline.org/ 39. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/04/04/110404fa_fact_ioffe?currentPage=all 40. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16057045 41. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203986604577257321601811092.html 42. http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/22198/culture-hacking-how-one-project-changing-transparency-chile 43. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/07/business/web-sites-shine-light-on-petty-bribery-worldwide.html?

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page_id=401. 24. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.11/brands.html 25. http://blogs.forrester.com/jp_gownder/11-10-04-brand_loyalty_is_declining_total_product_experience_chains_can_help 26. http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/reviews/preview/local-motors-rally-fighter-off-road-test-drive 27. http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2005/05/67612?currentPage=all 28. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_web_browsers#Historical_usage_share 29. http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/6491 30. http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-10/more-farms-vie-for-the-1-billion-spent-at-farmers-markets 31. http://www.indyweek.com/BigBite/archives/2011/07/18/crop-mob-raids-66-cities-nationwide 32. http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/pbull/job_creating_solar_energy_is_o.html 33. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/1107/Bank-Transfer-Day-How-much-impact-did-it-have 34. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/17/fashion/17etsy.html?

pages: 597 words: 119,204

Website Optimization
by Andrew B. King
Published 15 Mar 2008

A Lynx viewer is a web-based service designed to view web pages using the Lynx browser. Lynx notation is largely self-explanatory, but note that Lynx indicates a link by using a bracket around the number of the link on the page; for example, [2] signifies the second link on a page. For more information on Lynx see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser) and http://www.yellowpipe.com/yis/tools/ (includes a Lynx viewer). As a comparison to the earlier view, the HTML for the old home page began like this: <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Dr. Ken Cirka, DMD</TITLE> <LINK REL="StyleSheet" HREF="/style.css" TYPE="text/css"> <meta name="Description" content="Five star service in dental care is abundant in Dr.

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Given the likely changes in simultaneous request restrictions, developers should proceed with caution. Given the previous discussion of utilizing additional domains to increase image request parallelization, you might be tempted to use the same trick here, but it will not work. You see, Ajax falls under the security policy known as the Same-Origin Policy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy), which limits you to making requests from the same domain name that served the page. There is currently no way around the two-requests-at-a-time limit to a single fully qualified domain name when making a standard XHR request. Of course, if you use a script tag communication mechanism, you won't have this problem, but as you are no longer using an XHR, you won't have as much control over the request and response.

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The beauty of this technique is that all of the CSS stays in the CSS, and JavaScript toggles accessibility and applies the artz class that controls visibility. The following code does that trick: tb.parentNode.className+=' artz'; tb.className+=' artz'; For a working example and other accessible progressive enhancement techniques, see http://www.artzstudio.com/artz/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_enhancement. Load JavaScript on demand (remote procedure calls) A common Ajax pattern is to load resources on demand as they are needed. You can do the same using only JavaScript without the need for Ajax. Using the DOM you can create a script element and append it to the head element, like this: function include_js(file) { if(document.getElementByTagName) { var html_doc = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; var js = document.createElement('script'); js.setAttribute('src', file); js.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); html_doc.appendChild(js); js.onreadystatechange = function ( ) { // for IE if (js.readyState == 'complete') { alert('JS onreadystate fired'); // return true; } } js.onload = function ( ) { // for non-IE alert('JS onload fired'); // return true; } return false; } else alert('getElementsByTagName not supported'); } ...

pages: 382 words: 120,064

Bank 3.0: Why Banking Is No Longer Somewhere You Go but Something You Do
by Brett King
Published 26 Dec 2012

See also (http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111102005712/en/Phone-Bank, http://whatjapanthinks.com/2010/03/20/almost-two-thirds-use-net-banking-in-japan/) 15 For a definition of the Information Age, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age 16 A.H. Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation”, Psychological Review 50 (1943): 370–96. 17 Countrywide.com 18 Matt Coffin, “The next generation of mortgage lead generation”, LowerMyBills.com. Additional sources: Forrester Research Inc, Federal Trade Commission 19 “Online mortgage sites offer net gains”, Australasian Business Intelligence, 18 September 2006 20 Mortgagebot’s Benchmarks 2011 Report 21 Google Finance Australia 22 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II 23 The likes of Forbes have measured mass market adoption or critical mass by the benchmark of 25 per cent of the population for developed economies such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, etc. or 100 million persons globally (See also http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4015/329/1600/technology_adoption_11.jpg).

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Internet Advertising Bureau European research shows 91% of European Internet Users visit news websites weekly (http://blog.hi-media.com/426-9m-europeans-go-online-every-week/) 2 Flurry, http://blog.flurry.com/bid/63907/Mobile-Apps-Put-the-Web-in-Their-Rear-view-Mirror 3 FDIC Press Release 2 December 2009 (http://www.fdic.gov/news/news/press/2009/pr09216.html) 4 CTIA The Wireless Association, http://files.ctia.org/pdf/CTIA_Survey_MY_2011_Graphics.pdf 5 World Bank, http://www.cgap.org/gm/document-1.9.49435/Access_to_Financial_Services_and_the_Financial_Inclusion_Agenda_Around_the_World.pdf 6 List of Mobile Operators in the Asia Pacific Region—Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators_of_the_Asia_Pacific_region 7 Wired, http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/06/internet-a-human-right/ 8 Author’s own estimate based on following sources (http://thenextweb.com/insider/2012/01/30/study-says-web-economy-to-nearly-double-by-2016-driven-by-mobile-growth/, http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-02-29/research/31109566_1_smartphones-pc-sales-mobile-phone-sales/2) 9 NPD Survey—http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/03/npd-tablets-to-overtake-notebooks-by-2016-as-the-most-popular-mobile-pc/ 10 iCrossing (http://connect.icrossing.co.uk/facebook-hit-billion-users-summer_7709) 11 The average American teenager texts 3364 times per month (Nielsen: How the class of 2011 Engages with Media) 12 Monetise, Forrester and mFoundry usage data.

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Keywords: Disruptive, Moore’s Law, 3D Printing, Screens, Image Recognition, Exponential Growth, Haptic Touch, Artificial Intelligence, The Singularity Endnotes 1 Excerpts from A Conversation with Gordon Moore: Moore’s Law (Intel Corporation, 2005), p.1 2 IBM: History of Transistors, IBM 1401 3 http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/Ferranti/Ferranti.Sirius.1961.102646236.pdf 4 mKomo.org, “A history of storage costs” (http://www.mkomo.com/cost-per-gigabyte) 5 See http://www.netlingo.com/word/gilders-law.php 6 See Wikipedia.org articles on WiMax, 4G, UMTS, and Spectra Efficiency of long-range networks utilizing 802.11, 802.16, and 802.20 standards 7 CNET News, 19 Nov 2008,Q&A: Kurzweil on tech as a double-edged sword, Natasha Lomas, http://news.cnet.com/cutting-edge/?keyword=Ray+Kurzweil 8 http://www.vice.com/read/ray-kurzweil-800-v16n4 9 Source; BusinessWeek.com (http://www.businessweek.com/technology/bioprinting-the-3d-future-of-organ-transplants-01092012.html) 10 http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-11502715 11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Next_Generation 12 SonyInsider.com 13 Wikipedia article on Gyricon 14 Geek.com, “Apple has a mightier mouse that needn’t be moved at all”, 5 Oct 2009 15 USA Today, “Digital Sign Revolution”, 11 April 2012 16 “The Internet? Bah! Hype alert: Why cyberspace isn’t, and will never be, nirvana”, Clifford Stoll, Newsweek, 27 Feb 1995 17 Pew Internet Research showed that the fastest growing demographic on Facebook was the above-50 generation (http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Older-Adults-and-Social-Media.aspx) Chapter 10 A Land in the Data Cloud In 2011 Google launched the Chromebook—a laptop that doesn’t contain a conventional hard disk or hard-coded software.

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How to Build a Billion Dollar App: Discover the Secrets of the Most Successful Entrepreneurs of Our Time
by George Berkowski
Published 3 Sep 2014

– Steve Jobs, cofounder of Apple Notes Part I: Think Big Chapter 1: The View from the Inside 1 A billion, for the purposes of this book, is the short billion, i.e. a thousand million. 2 ‘List of the Wealthiest Historical Figures’, entry on Wikipedia.org, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_historical_figures. 3 According to estimates from the US Census Bureau. World Population: Historical Estimates of World Population, www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_history.php. 4 ‘World Population Milestones’, entry on Wikipedia.org, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population_milestones. 5 ‘Facebook Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2013 Results’, press release on FB.com, 29 January 2014, investor.fb.com/releasedetail.cfm?

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Chapter 3: A Billion-Dollar Idea 1 Eric Jackson, ‘Why Silicon Valley Tech Wunderkids Will Only Ever Have 1 Good Business Idea During Their Entire Lives’, article on Forbes.com, 18 June 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2012/06/18/why-silicon-valley-tech-wunderkids-overestimate-their-own-smarts-and-abilities/. 2 Kevin Rose, ‘Foundation: Evan Williams on Hatching Big Ideas’, article on TechCrunch.com, 28 June 2013, TechCrunch.com/2013/06/28/ foundation-evan-williams-on-hatching-big-ideas/. 3 Evelyn M. Rusli and Douglas MacMillan, ‘Snapchat Spurned $3 Billion Acquisitions Offer from Facebook’, blog post on WSJ.com, 13 November 2013, blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/11/13/snapchat-spurned-3-billion-acquisition-offer-from-facebook/. 4 ‘Human Universals’, entry on Wikipedia.org, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Universals. 5 Find out more about the app at www.bible.com. 6 Alyson Shontell, ‘With 100 Million Downloads, YouVersion Bible Is A Massive App That No VC Can Touch’, article on BusinessInsider.com, 29 July 2013, www.BusinessInsider.com/youversion-bible-app-has-100-million-downloads-2013-7. 7 Tomi Ahonen, ‘The Annual Industry Numbers and Stats Blog – Yep, this year we will hit the mobile moment’, blog post on Communities Dominate.blogs.com, 6 March 2013, communitiesdominate.blogs.com/brands/2013/03/the-annual-mobile-industry-numbers-and-stats-blogyep-this-year-we-will-hit-the-mobile-moment.html. 8 Mayumi Negishi, ‘Rakuten to Buy Voice-Call App Maker Viber’, article on WSJ.com, 14 February 2014, online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304315004579382014046629596. 9 Sven Grundberg and Juhana Rossi, ‘Earnings Soar at Finnish Game Maker Supercell’, article on WSJ.com, 12 February 2014, online.wsj.com/news/articles/sb10001424052702304703804579378272705325260?

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Chapter 37: People at a Billion-Dollar Scale 1 Victoria Baret, ‘How the Kids at Box Are Disrupting Software’s Most Lucrative Game’, Forbes, 4 March 2013 issue, www.forbes.com/sites/victoriabarret/2013/02/13/box-aaron-levie-mobile-enterprise-software/. 2 Eric Savitz, ‘SurveyMonkey To Raise $794M In Recap; Valuation $1.35 Billion (Updated)’, article on Forbes.com, 17 January 2013, www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2013/01/17/surveymonkey-to-raise-794min-recap-valuation-1-35-billion/. 3 ‘How Dave Goldberg of SurveyMonkey Built a Billion-Dollar Business and Still Gets Home by 5.30 p.m.’, article and video interview on FirstRound.com, firstround.com/article/how-dave-goldberg-of-surveymonkey-built-a-billion-dollar-business-and-still-gets-home-by-5-30. 4 Ibid. 5 Mike Rose, ‘Supercell’s Secret Sauce’, article on Gamasutra.com, 7 December 2012, www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/183064/supercells_secret_sauce.php. 6 Ibid. 7 Alyson Shontell and Andrea Huspeni, ‘15 Incredible Employee Perks That Will Make You Wish You Worked at a Startup’, article on BusinessInsider.com, 31 May 2012, www.BusinessInsider.com/killer-startup-perks-2012-5. 8 Heather Leonard, ‘Facebook Generates Over $1 Million in Revenue Per Employee’, article on BusinessInsider.com, 19 March 2013, www.BusinessInsider.com/facebook-has-high-revenue-per-employee-2013-3. 9 Megan Rose Dickey, ‘“Clash of Clans” Maker Had a Monster Year in 2013: Revenue Increased Nearly Ninefold’, article on BusinessInsider.com, 12 February 2014, www.BusinessInsider.com/gaming-startup-supercell-2013-revenue-2014-2. 10 Steven Levy, ‘Google’s Larry Page on Why Moon Shots Matter’, article on Wired.com, 17 January 2013, www.wired.com/business/2013/01/ff-qa-larry-page/all/. 11 Peter Murray, ‘Google’s Self-Driving Car Passes 300,000 Miles’, article on Forbes.com, 15 August 2012, www.forbes.com/sites/singularity/2012/08/15/googles-self-driving-car-passes-300000-miles/. 12 For more information about Project Loon, visit www.google.com/loon/. 13 ‘Google X’, entry on Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_X. Chapter 38: Advice from Billion-Dollar CEOs 1 Will Oremus, ‘Google’s Big Break’, article on Slate.com, 13 October 2013, www.slate.com/articles/business/when_big_businesses_were_small/2013/10/google_s_big_break_how_bill_gross_goto_com_inspired_the_adwords_business.html. 2 Ibid. 3 ‘Drew Houston’s Morph from Hacker to Hyper-Growth CEO’, article on FirstRound.com, www.firstround.com/article/Drew-Houstons-morph-from-hacker-to-hyper-growth-CEO. 4 Peter Kafka, ‘Larry Page on Speed: “There are no companies that have good slow decisions”’, article on AllThingsD.com, 27 September 2011, allthingsd.com/20110927/larry-page-on-speed-there-are-no-companies-that-have-good-slow-decisions/. 5 Glen Cathey, ‘LinkedIn Traffic Statistics and User Demographics 2013’, article on BooleanBlackBelt.com, 24 July 2013, booleanblackbelt.com/2013/07/linkedin-traffic-statistics-and-user-demographics-2013/. 6 Juhana Hietala, ‘Rovio Mobile Company Presentation – Dynamic World of Mobile Game Business’, 1 April 2005, www.soberit.hut.fi/T-76.640/Slides/T-76.640_Rovio2005_04_01HUT.pdf. 7 ‘The 30 Best Pieces of Advice for Entrepreneurs’, article on FirstRound.com, firstround.com/article/30-Best-Pieces#ixzz2pRF5EZ8a. 8 Ibid. 9 ‘Drew Houston’s Morph from Hacker to Hyper-Growth CEO’, op. cit. 10 Ibid. 11 ‘The 30 Best Pieces of Advice for Entrepreneurs’, op. cit. 12 Ibid. 13 Eric Savitz, ‘Jack Dorsey: Leadership Secrets of Twitter and Square’, article for Forbes, 5 November 2012 issue, www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2012/10/17/jack-dorsey-the-leadership-secrets-of-twitter-and-square/. 14 ‘The 30 Best Pieces of Advice for Entrepreneurs’, op. cit.

pages: 497 words: 123,778

The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It
by Yascha Mounk
Published 15 Feb 2018

Sam Jones, “Spanish Election: Conservatives Win but Fall Short of Majority—As It Happened,” Guardian, December 20, 2015; Giles Tremlett, “The Podemos Revolution: How a Small Group of Radical Academics Changed European Politics,” Guardian, March 31, 2015. 13. Jacopo Barigazzi, “Beppe Grillo’s 5Star Movement Hits Record High: Poll,” Politico, March 21, 2017. For the latest polling in Italy, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_next_Italian_general_election, accessed October 1, 2017. On the nature of the Five Star Movement, see Gianluca Passarelli and Dario Tuorto, “The Five Star Movement: Purely a Matter of Protest? The Rise of a New Party between Political Discontent and Reasoned Voting,” Party Politics (2016). 14.

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Cook, “How Erdogan Made Turkey Authoritarian Again,” Atlantic, July 21, 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/07/how-erdogan-made-turkey-authoritarian-again/492374/; and for Venezuela, compare Freedom House, “Venezuela,” in Freedom in the World 2003, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2003/venezuela to Freedom House, “Venezuela,” in Freedom in the World 2017, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2017/venezuela. 9. See “Election Resources on the Internet: Elections to the Polish Sejm—Results Lookup,” http://electionresources.org/pl/sejm.php?election=2015, and “Polish Parliamentary Election, 2015,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_parliamentary_election,_2015. 10. On India, see Milan Vaishnav, “Modi’s Victory and the BJP’s Future,” Foreign Affairs, March 15, 2017, http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/03/15/modi-s-victory-and-bjp-s-future-pub-68281; Anita Katyal, “The Opposition Is Divided on How It Should Unite Against the BJP Ahead of the 2019 General Elections,” Scroll.in, https://scroll.in/article/834312/the-opposition-is-divided-on-how-it-should-unite-against-the-bjp-ahead-of-the-2019-general-elections/.

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On India, see Milan Vaishnav, “Modi’s Victory and the BJP’s Future,” Foreign Affairs, March 15, 2017, http://carnegieendowment.org/2017/03/15/modi-s-victory-and-bjp-s-future-pub-68281; Anita Katyal, “The Opposition Is Divided on How It Should Unite Against the BJP Ahead of the 2019 General Elections,” Scroll.in, https://scroll.in/article/834312/the-opposition-is-divided-on-how-it-should-unite-against-the-bjp-ahead-of-the-2019-general-elections/. On Turkey, see “Turkish General Election, 2007,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007. On the United States, see Christopher J. Devine and Kyle C. Kopko, “5 Things You Need to Know about How Third-Party Candidates Did in 2016,” Washington Post, November 15, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/11/15/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-how-third-party-candidates-did-in-2016/?

pages: 533 words: 125,495

Rationality: What It Is, Why It Seems Scarce, Why It Matters
by Steven Pinker
Published 14 Oct 2021

Kahan, Wittlin, et al. 2011; Stanovich 2021. 86. Ellickson 1991; Ridley 1997. 87. Rauch 2021; Sloman & Fernbach 2017. 88. Eisenstein 2012. 89. Kräenbring, Monzon Penza, et al. 2014. 90. See “Wikipedia: List of policies and guidelines,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines, and “Wikipedia: Five pillars,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars. 91. Social media reform: Fox 2020; Lyttleton 2020. Some early analyses: Pennycook, Cannon, & Rand 2018; Pennycook & Rand 2020a. 92. Joyner 2011; Tetlock 2015. 93. Pinker 2018, pp. 380–81. 94. Elster 1998; Fishkin 2011. 95.

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My Erdös number is 3, thanks to Michel, Shen, Aiden, Veres, Gray, The Google Books Team, Pickett, Hoiberg, Clancy, Norvig, Orwant, Pinker, Nowak, & Lieberman-Aiden 2011. The computer scientist Peter Norvig has coauthored a report with fellow computer scientist (and Erdös coauthor) Maria Klawe. 38. To be fair, normative analyses of the Monty Hall dilemma have inspired voluminous commentary and disagreement; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Hall_problem. 39. Try it: Math Warehouse, “Monty Hall Simulation Online,” https://www.mathwarehouse.com/monty-hall-simulation-online/. 40. Such as Late Night with David Letterman: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsGc3jC9yas. 41. Vazsonyi 1999. 42. Suggested by Granberg & Brown 1995. 43.

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Logical words in logic versus conversation: Grice 1975; Pinker 2007, chaps. 2, 8. 7. Emerson 1841/1993. 8. Liberman 2004. 9. McCawley 1993. 10. From the Yang 2020 website, retrieved Feb. 6, 2020: Yang 2020. 11. Curtis 2020; Richardson, Smith, et al. 2020; Warburton 2007; see also the Wikipedia article “List of fallacies,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies. 12. Mercier & Sperber 2011; see Norman 2016, for a critique. 13. Friedersdorf 2018. 14. Shackel 2014. 15. Russell 1969. 16. Basterfield, Lilienfeld, et al. 2020. 17. A common saying loosely based on a passage from Henrik Ibsen’s Enemy of the People: “The majority never has right on its side. . . .

pages: 614 words: 176,458

Meat: A Benign Extravagance
by Simon Fairlie
Published 14 Jun 2010

We have broken that contract by forcing our pigs into concentration camps, and feeding them on concentrates, and we are materially and spiritually the worse for it. 1 Since writing this I have been directed to an article on wikipedia claiming that piggy banks evolved their porcine form because they were made out of a certain kind of clay, called ‘pygg’. However this theory doesn’t explain a 14th century piggy bank from Java pictured on the same web-page. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggy_bank 2 Thompson, Flora (1948), Larkrise to Candleford, Reprint Society, p 22. 3 Engels, F (1845), The Condition of the Working Class in England, Panther Books, 1972. 4 Feed figures from Feed Facts Quarterly 1992, cited in Brooks, P (c1993), Rediscovering the Environmentally Friendly Pig, Seale Hayne Agricultural College, unpublished. 5 Personal communication. 6 Energy Power Resource (EPR) website; http://www.eprl.co.uk/profile/index.html 7 Lawrence A (2000), Letter from Alan Lawrence, secretary UKRA to Barbara Richards, Food Standards Agency, 15 Sept 2000. www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/lawrence.pdf 8 Elferink, E V and Nonhebel, S (2007), ‘Does the Amazon Suffer from BSE Prevention’, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 120, pp 467-9 . 9 WHO et al (2007) Joint WHO/FAO/OIE Technical Consultation on BSE: Public Health, Animal Health and Trade, Conclusions and Key Recommendations; OIE Headquarters, Paris, 11-14 June 2001 http://www.fao.org/ag/aga/AGAP/FRG/Feedsafety/PDFs/BSEWGF81101.pdf 10 European Commission (2005), The TSE Roadmap, Brussels 2005, http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/bse/roadmap_en.pdf 11 Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (2007), The Introduction of the Ban on Swill Feeding, Dec 2007, www.ombudsman.org.uk/improving_services/special_reports/pca/swill_feeding/complaint.html 12 Miklósi, Gabor (2004), ‘In Search of Lost Fat Content’, The Hungarian Quarterly, No 173, Spring, 2004; www.hungarianquarterly.com/no173/9.htm#aut 13 BBC2 (2005), ‘Pig Clubs Supplementing Meat Rations’, WW2 People’s War /www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/89/a4464489.shtml; The Living Archive (2003), Pigs on the Home Front, Wolverton, www.livingarchive.org.uk/nvq03/tracey/animals_pig.html; BBC (2003) Pig Swill Estate Wins Poussin War, BBC News.

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contentID=218 13 Elferink et al (2007), op cit. 8. 14 Fadel, J G (1999), ‘Quantitative Analyses of Selected Plant Byproduct Feedstuffs, a Global Perspective’, Animal Feed Science and Technology 79, pp 255-268; the particularly low figure given by Fadel for palm oil meal is explained at the wikipedia entry for palm oil: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_oil. 15 FAO (2006), Medium Term Prospects for Agricultural Commodities: Oilmeal, www.fao.org/docrep/006/y5143e/y5143e0l.htm 16 Calculation derived from Nonhebel (2004), op cit.7. 17 Nonhebel (2004), op cit.7. 18 The UK average yield of 6.6 tonnes of barley per hectare in the UK, fed to pigs at a conversion ratio of 5 to 1, would provide 1,320 kilos of meat. 19 Steinfeld et al (2006), Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO 2006. 7 HARD TO SWALLOW Of all the statistical clichés about livestock that are passed like a relay baton from one article or website to another, there is one that stands out in its enormity.

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Quotation is shortened. 18 Buck, J L (1982), Land Utilization in China, Paragon 1968 and Land Utilization in China: Statistics, Garland NY, cited in Newman, op cit13. 19 Smil, Vaclav (2004), Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch and the Transformation of World Food Production, MIT Press. 20 EFMA (n.d.), Harvesting Energy with Fertilizers, European Fertilizer Manufacturers’ Association, OECD, http://webdomino1.oecd.org/comnet/agr/BiomassAg.nsf/viewHtml/index/$FILE/EFMAenergyPaper.pdf#search=%22energy%20to%20produce%20nitrogen%20fertilizer%22 21 Smith, B E (2002), ‘Nitrogenase Reveals Its Inner Secrets’, Science, 297, pp 1654-5, cited in Steinfeld, H, Livestock’s Long Shadow, FAO p 86; and Smil (2004), op cit 19, p 159. 22 Zhang Luziang (1956), Shen’s Agricultural Book, cited in Netting, R (1993), Smallholders Householders: Farm Families and the Ecology of Intensive, Sustainable Agriculture, Stanford, p 139. 23 Lei Xiong (2006), China Needs a New Type of Livestock Revolution, Worldwatch, Dec 12 2006, www.worldwatch.org/node/4772/print 24 Dropsoul (n.d.) Why Go Veg? www.dropsoul.com/why-veg.php, no date. 25 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfiesteria_piscicida, 9/10/06 26 Boyan, Steve (n.d.), How Our Food Choices can Help Save the Environment, EarthSave, www.earthsave.org/environment/foodchoices.htm 27 The Khadigar Community (n.d.), ‘Ethical Farming in Action’, Vohan News International, 1. 28 Lory, J (2006), Calculating Fertilizer Value of Supplemental Feed on Pasture, University of Missouri Extension, http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/ansci/g02083.htm; Farm ASyst (2001), Grazing Livestock and Water Quality, North Carolina Co-operative Extension Service, http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/grazing/ 29 Dave from Darlington (n.d.), ‘The Current State of Stockless Farming Research in England’, Growing Green International 8. 30 Hogg, D and Hubbel, J (2002), The Legislative Driven Economic Framework Promoting MSW in the UK, Eunomia UK, May 2002. http://www.nrwf.org.uk/documents/FULL_economic_framework_MSW_recycling_report_000.pdf 31 Pimentel, D et al (2005), Organic and Conventional Farming Systems: Environmental and Economic Issues, Cornell University. http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/2101/1/pimentel_report_05-1.pdf, p 25 32 Avery, D (1999), ‘Intensive Farming and Biotechnology: Saving People and Wildlife in the 21st Century’, in Tansey, G and D’Silva, J., The Meat Business: Devouring a Hungry Planet, Earthscan, 1999. 33 Cited in Dave from Darlington (n.d.), The Current State of Stockless Farming Research in England, Growing Green International 8. 34 Hall, Jenny (2008), ‘Stockfree Britain’, The Land 5. 35 Center for Global Issues (n.d.), Declaration in Support of Protecting NatureWith High-yield Farming and Forestry, www.highyieldconservation.org/declaration.html 36 The concept of a choice between ‘sharing land’ and ‘sparing land’ has been developed by Tim Benson of the University of Leeds, from Rhys Green et al (2005), ‘Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature’, Science, 307, pp 550-555, 28 Jan 2005. 37 Smil (2004), op cit 19, pp 204-206.

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Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products
by Nir Eyal
Published 26 Dec 2013

Deci and Richard M. Ryan, “Self-determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health,” Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne 49, no. 3 (2008): 182–85, doi:10.1037/a0012801. 3. Barack Obama “Hope” poster, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, November 5, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster&oldid=579742540. 4. Denis J. Hauptly, Something Really New: Three Simple Steps to Creating Truly Innovative Products (New York: AMACOM, 2007). 5. Ingrid Lunden, “Analyst: Twitter Passed 500M Users in June 2012, 140M of Them in US; Jakarta ‘Biggest Tweeting’ City,” TechCrunch (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http://techcrunch.com/2012/07/30/analyst-twitter-passed-500m-users-in-june-2012-140m-of-them-in-us-jakarta-biggest-tweeting-city. 6.

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Joseph Nunes and Xavier Dreze, “The Endowed Progress Effect: How Artificial Advancement Increases Effort” (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, New York), Social Science Research Network (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=991962. 12. “List of Cognitive Biases,” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (accessed November 12, 2013), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases. 13. Stephen P. Anderson, Seductive Interaction Design: Creating Playful, Fun, and Effective User Experiences (Berkeley: New Riders, 2011). Chapter 4: Variable Reward 1. J. Olds and P. Milner, “Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of rat brain,” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 47 (1954), 419–27. 2.

pages: 153 words: 45,721

Making Work Visible: Exposing Time Theft to Optimize Workflow
by Dominica Degrandis and Tonianne Demaria
Published 14 May 2017

Philippe Kruchten, What Colour is Your Backlog, presentation, July 7, 2011, https://pkruchten.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/kruchten-110707-what-colours-is-your-backlog-2up.pdf. 2. Silverman, Upside-Down Brilliance. 2.3 1. Cornelia Davis, personal conversation with author, April 2017. 2.4 1. Wikipedia, “Pomodoro Technique,” last modified April 10, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_Technique. 2. Langdon Morris, High Performance Organizations in a Wicked Problem World (Walnut Creek, CA: Innovation Labs, 2004), http://www.innovationlabs.com/high_performance.pdf. 2.5 1. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow (New York. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015), 4. 2.

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Julia Wester, “Visualizing More than Just Work with Kanban Boards,” EverydayKanban.com, March 9, 2016, http://www.everydaykanban.com/2016/03/09/visualizing-more-than-just-work-with-kanban-boards/#housemove. 2. Jim Benson and Tonianne DeMaria Barry, Personal Kanban: Mapping Work, Navigating Life (Seattle, WA: Modus Cooperandi Press, 2011), 158–159. Part III 3.1 1. Wikipedia, “Hofstadter’s law,” last modified February 12, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstadter%27s_law. 2. Daniel S. Vacanti, Actionable Agile Metrics for Predictability: An Introduction (Victoria, BC: Leanpub, 2015), 51–53. 3. Reinertsen, The Principles of Product Development Flow, 59. 4. Kaomi Goetz, “How 3M Gave Everyone Days Off and Created an Innovation Dynamo,” Co.Design, February 1, 2011. 5.

City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age
by P. D. Smith
Published 19 Jun 2012

See Liza Picard, Restoration London: Everyday Life in London 1660–1670 (London: Phoenix, 2003), 198; Franklyn (1953), 231, 251ff. 27. Ackroyd (2001), 159. 28. Franklyn (1953), 278. 29. Walford’s tube station in EastEnders is Walford East, which takes the place of the real Bromley-by-Bow station. See: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walford_East> 30. Mian Ridge, ‘Black slang in the pink’, Financial Times (21 October 2005) <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/677d827a-411f-11da-a208-00000e2511c8.html> 31. See the frontispiece of The Slang Dictionary; or, the Vulgar Words, Street Phrases and Fast Expression of High and Low Society (London: John Camden Hotten, 1869): <http://www.archive.org/stream/slangdictionaryo00hottrich#page/n7/mode/2up> 32.

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<http://www.lost.art.br/nunca.htm> <http://www.lost.art.br/graff.htm> 46. Rebecca Solnit, Wanderlust: A History of Walking (London: Verso, 2002), 216. 47. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire, 1875–1914 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987; repr. 2002), 129. 48. Solnit (2002), 225–6. See also <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Plaza_de_Mayo> 49. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a demonstration as ‘a public manifestation, by a number of persons, of interest in some public question, or sympathy with some political or other cause; usually taking the form of a procession and mass-meeting.’

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Molella, Invented Edens: Techno-cities of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2008), 92ff. 73. Pierre Laszlo, Citrus: A History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), 133–5; cf. ‘Italy’s Battle of the Oranges’, Spiegel (8 June 2008): <http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,570471,00.html> 74. See <http://www.koelnerkarneval.de/> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne_carnival> 75. Trinidad and Tobago National Library: http://www.nalis.gov.tt/carnival/carnival.html 76. Max Harris, Carnival and Other Christian Festivals: Folk Theology and Folk Performance (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003), 201. 77. Harris (2003), 192. 78.

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Against Intellectual Monopoly
by Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine
Published 6 Jul 2008

html (accessed February 24, 2008). 15. Ibid. 16. At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grokster on August 20, 2007. As Wikipedia’s content is often modified, this exact text may not be there at a later date. 17. U.S. Supreme Court in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. , June 27, 2005. Page varies by source. Available onlines at http://w2.eff.org/IP/P2P/MGM v Grokster/04-480.pdf (accessed February 24, 2008). 18. From Mark Cuban’s blog, at http://www.blogmaverick.com/entry/ 1234000230037801/ (accessed February 23, 2007). 19. At http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grokster, on August 20, 2007. 20. Boynton (2004). 21.

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He named it the “steam carriage” and was legally barred from developing it by Boulton and Watt’s successful addition of the high-pressure engine to their patent, though Boulton and Watt never spent a cent to develop it. For the details of this story, readers should see the Web site Cotton Times, at http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/ (accessed February 23, 2008), or Carnegie (1905), pp. 140–1. The “William Murdoch” entry in Wikipedia, at http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/William Murdoch (accessed February 23, 2008), provides a good summary. More generally, various researchers directly connect Murdoch to Trevithick, who is now considered the official inventor (in 1802) of the high-pressure engine. Quite plainly, the evidence suggests that Boulton and Watt’s patent retarded development of the high-pressure steam engine, and thus economic development, by about sixteen years. 6.

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Again, Dutfield (2003), especially Chapters 4 and 5, is our main source of information. Zorina Kahn’s online history of patent laws, at http://eh.net/encyclopedia/ article/khan.patents, provides a useful and easy-to-access summary of the main facts. 13. Quoted [as of February 24, 2008] in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community patent, on the basis of various media sources, such as http://www.eupolitix.com/ EN/News/200702/7be97fa5-3cb6-403f-aadf-103ad99a9950.htm. 14. To begin learning about the history of the dye industry and the crucial, if not necessarily positive, role patents played in it, see Morris and Travis (1992) and the plenty of references therein.

Django Book
by Matt Behrens
Published 24 Jan 2015

You can pass in either an integer or a string representation of an integer. Markup Filters The package django.contrib.markup includes a handful of Django template filters, each of which implements a common markup languages: textile: Implements Textile (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_%28markup_language%29) markdown: Implements Markdown (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markdown) restructuredtext: Implements ReStructured Text (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReStructuredText) In each case, the filter expects formatted markup as a string and returns a string representing the marked-up text. For example, the textile filter converts text that is marked up in Textile format to HTML: {% load markup %} {{ object.content|textile }} To activate these filters, add 'django.contrib.markup' to your INSTALLED_APPS setting.

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(This happens because CsrfMiddleware uses a regular expression to add the csrfmiddlewaretoken field to your HTML before the page is sent to the client, and the regular expression sometimes cannot handle wacky HTML.) If you suspect this might be happening, just view the source in your Web browser to see whether csrfmiddlewaretoken was inserted into your <form>. For more CSRF information and examples, visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSRF Humanizing Data The package django.contrib.humanize holds a set of Django template filters useful for adding a “human touch” to data. To activate these filters, add 'django.contrib.humanize' to your INSTALLED_APPS. Once you’ve done that, use {% load humanize %} in a template, and you’ll have access to the filters described in the following sections.

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Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World
by Jane McGonigal
Published 20 Jan 2011

Current statistics available at http://www.appdata.com/facebook/apps/index/id/102452128776. 15 “The Most Intense Game of Scrabulous Ever,” screenshot taken June 3, 2008. http://www.flickr.com/photos/mariss007/2547926935/. 16 “Online Scrabble with Mom.” 17 “My Amazing Lexulous Score—87 points!,” screenshot taken June 12, 2009. http://www.flickr.com/photos/sour_patch/3621419260/. 18 “Pwn.” Wikipedia entry, accessed May 1, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwn. 19 Keltner, Born to Be Good, 163. 20 “WarioWare: Smooth Moves Review.” GameSpot, January 12, 2007. http://www.gamespot.com/wii/puzzle/wariowaresmoothmoves/review.html. 21 Bateman, “Top Ten Videogame Emotions.” 22 Ibid. 23 Ekman, Paul. Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life (New York: Times Books, 2003), 197. 24 Seligman, Learned Optimism, 282. 25 Ibid., 282, 284. 26 Jenkins, Henry.

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The Times (UK), August 14, 2009. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article6795316.ece. 25 Curry, “Gobekli Tepe.” 26 Ibid. 27 “Just the Right Sense of ‘Ancient.’” Xbox.com, February 19, 2002. www.xbox.com/en-US/games/splash/h/halo/themakers3.htm. Referenced in Wikipedia entry, “Halo Original Soundtrack,” accessed May 1, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_Original_Soundtrack. Originally quoted in http://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/h/halo/themakers3.htm. 28 “NCAA Football 10 Review.” Team Xbox, IGN, July 10, 2009. http://r.views.teamxbox.com/xbox-360/1736/NCAA-Football-10/p1/. 29 Robertson, Margaret. “One More Go: Why Halo Makes Me Want to Lay Down and Die.”

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Personal blog, April 26, 2008. http://www.shirky.com/herecomeseverybody/2008/04/looking-for-the-mouse.html. 8 Internet World Stats—Usage and Population Statistics, accessed December 31, 2009. http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm. 9 “Wikipedia Is an MMORPG.” Wikipedia project, accessed May 1, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_is_an_MMORPG. 10 Ibid. 11 Puente, Maria. “Learn, Fight Hunger, Kill Time All at Once at Freerice.com.” USA Today, January 23, 2008. http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2008-01-23-freerice_N.htm. 12 The answer is “growing from the tip of a stem.” 13 “Frequently Asked Questions.”

The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect
by Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie
Published 1 Mar 2018

Studies in the history of probability and statistics, L: Karl Pearson and the rule of three. Biometrika 99: 1–14. Stigler, S. M. (2016). The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Wikipedia. (2016a). Hardy-Weinberg principle. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy-Weinberg-principle (last edited: October 2, 2016). Wikipedia. (2016b). Galileo Galilei. Available at: https://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei (last edited: October 6, 2017). Wright, S. (1920). The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining the piebald pattern of guinea-pigs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 6: 320–332.

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US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2016). Final recommendation statement: Breast cancer: Screening. Available at: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-screening1 (updated: January 2016). Wikipedia. (2018). Graphoid. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphoid (last edited: January 8, 2018). Wiegerinck, W., Burgers, W., and Kappen, B. (2013). Bayesian networks, introduction and practical applications. In Handbook on Neural Information Processing (M. Bianchini, M. Maggini, and L. C. Jain, eds.). Intelligent Systems Reference Library (Book 49).

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Identifying causal effects with the R Package causaleffect. Journal of Statistical Software 76, no. 12. doi:10.18637/jss.r076.i12. Weinberg, C. (1993). Toward a clearer definition of confounding. American Journal of Epidemiology 137: 1–8. Wikipedia. (2016). Confounding. Available at: https://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Confounding (accessed: September 16, 2016). Williamson, E., Aitken, Z., Lawrie, J., Dharmage, S., Burgess, H., and Forbes, A. (2014). Introduction to causal diagrams for confounder selection. Respirology 19: 303–311. CHAPTER 5. THE SMOKE-FILLED DEBATE: CLEARING THE AIR Annotated Bibliography Two book-length studies, Brandt (2007) and Proctor (2012a), contain all the information any reader could ask for about the smoking–lung cancer debate, short of reading the actual tobacco company documents (which are available online).

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Makers at Work: Folks Reinventing the World One Object or Idea at a Time
by Steven Osborn
Published 17 Sep 2013

Whatever the next problem is, I want them to find their voice in a Federated Wiki. The computers of the era are not like the computers from two decades before. They’re very powerful and they’re misunderstood. What I’d love to see is a Wiki-style conversation, but one that is global and about us collectively changing how we live. 1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern 2 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_programming 3 A programming language developed by Xerox PARC, first released in 1980. 4 Notes on the Synthesis of Form (Harvard University Press, 1964). 5 Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, by Erich Gamma, et al. (Addison-Wesley, 1994).

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Laen: Yeah, I’m really excited about it. Doing this full-time wasn’t really a goal of mine when I started it, but I’m excited to have this opportunity. Osborn: Well, I will certainly continue to use it. Thanks, Laen. 1 www.sparkfun.com 2 www.adafruit.com 3 www.4pcb.com 4 www.nuvoton.com 5 www.wayneandlayne.com 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeLorean_time_machine#Flux_capacitor 7 www.tindie.com 8 www.typeamachines.com 9 http://techshop.ws 10 Kickstarter projects are notorious for shipping late because many teams underestimate the time it will take to deliver a product. 11 www.thingiverse.com 12 http://learn.adafruit.com 13 http://dorkbot.org CHAPTER 5 Zach Kaplan Founder and CEO Inventables Zach Kaplan found his passion over a decade ago somewhere at the intersection of design and engineering.

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I have no problem sitting here and talking about myself for an hour. That’s easy to do. It was fun. 1 www.instructables.com 2 http://hackaday.com 3 Complex programmable logic device 4 A ball grid array is a microchip without legs. It cannot be soldered using a hand-soldering iron. 5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maneki-neko CHAPTER 21 Massimo Banzi Cofounder Arduino Massimo Banzi is cofounder of Arduino, an organization dedicated to providing open-hardware tools that can be incorporated in the classroom, used in interactive design projects, or used as building blocks for many maker projects.

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The Power of Pull: How Small Moves, Smartly Made, Can Set Big Things in Motion
by John Hagel Iii and John Seely Brown
Published 12 Apr 2010

Finally, we’d like to thank the people profiled in this book who were so generous with their time: Jack Hidary, Joi Ito, Tara Lemmey, Ellen Levy, and Yossi Vardi. Notes Introduction 1 The term “soul surfer” is used to “describe a talented surfer who surfs for the sheer pleasure of surfing,” Wikipedia, “Soul Surfer,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Surfer. 2 For more about this billboard, see “What Makes You So Special? With over 1 Million People in the World Able to Do Your Job, Altium Acts to Help More,” Reuters, April 20, 2009, http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS180975+20-Apr-2009+MW20090420. 3 Jeff Mull, “Clear to Land: Dusty Payne Wins Kustom Air Strike and $50,000,” Surfer magazine, April 2009, http://www.surfermag.com/features/onlineexclusives/dusty_payne_wins_kustom_air_strike_and_50000/. 4 Creative talent is increasingly flocking to creative cities.

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Chapter 2 1 See Joshua Davis, “Secret Geek A-Team Hacks Back, Defends Worldwide Web,” Wired, November 24, 2008. 2 This account is drawn from conversations and e-mail exchanges with Joi Ito and other people who were involved in this effort to support the protest movement’s freedom of expression. 3 Dunbar fixed his number at approximately 150 people, but field studies performed by anthropologists H. Russell Bernard and Peter Killworth put the number at 290, roughly double Dunbar’s estimate. See Wikipedia article at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar’s_number#Alternative_numbers. 4 This widely cited quote can be found in many places, including Charles G. Sieloff, “‘If Only HP Knew What HP Knows’: The Roots of Knowledge Management at Hewlett-Packard,” Journal of Knowledge Management 3, no. 1 (1999): 47-53. 5 “Performance fabrics weave together both business elements (e.g., techniques for building shared meaning and trust) and technology elements (e.g., architectures and technology tools) to simplify, strengthen, and amplify relationships among relevant stakeholders across enterprises, thereby enhancing the potential for productive collaboration across a large number of specialized entities.”

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Chapter 6 1 Details about Shai Agassi’s early days at SAP and his later work at Better Place are drawn in part from Daniel Roth, “Driven: Shai Agassi’s Audacious Plan to Put Electric Cars on the Road,” Wired, August 18, 2008. 2 Trailing his hand in the wave was the spontaneous innovation made by Laird Hamilton while surfing a “death-defying” wave in Teahupoo, Tahiti, in August 2000. See Wikipedia entry for Laird Hamilton, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laird_Hamilton. 3 See Shai Agassi, “I LOVE Open Source—Really!” SAP Network Blogs, November 11, 2005, https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/scn/weblogs?blog=/pub/wlg/1700. 4 See John Hagel III, John Seely Brown, and Lang Davison, The 2009 Shift Index: Measuring the Forces of Long-Term Change (San Jose, Calif.: Deloitte Development, June 2009). 5 See Daniel Pink, Free Agent Nation (New York: Warner Books, 2001). 6 Tara Lemmey, interview with the authors, July 10, 2009. 7 Note that what we’re advocating here flips “strategic HR” on its head.

Service Design Patterns: Fundamental Design Solutions for SOAP/WSDL and RESTful Web Services
by Robert Daigneau
Published 14 Sep 2011

A.k.a. anonymous function Apache Software Foundation Projects— Project Associated URL The Apache Software Foundation www.apache.org/ Apache web services projects http://ws.apache.org/ Axis2: A Web Services/SOAP/WSDL engine http://ws.apache.org/axis2/ An HTTP Client http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/ JXPath: An XPath interpreter http://commons.apache.org/jxpath/ Apache CXF: An open source framework used to host web services (SOAP/WSDL and RESTful/HTTP) and classic remoting technologies (e.g., CORBA objects) http://cxf.apache.org/ HTTPD: The Apache web server http://httpd.apache.org/ Log4J: A logging utility http://logging.apache.org/log4j/ 277 278 G LOSSARY Project Associated URL Apache ODE: An Orchestration Engine that uses the WS-BPEL standard http://ode.apache.org/ Apache ServiceMix: An open source ESB http://servicemix.apache.org/home.html Apache Subversion: An open source centralized version control system http://subversion.apache.org/ Apache Struts: An open source framework that implements the MVC pattern http://struts.apache.org/ Apache Thrift: An RPC framework for cross-language service development originally developed by Facebook and contributed to Apache http://thrift.apache.org/ Apache XMLBeans: An XML data-binding technology http://xmlbeans.apache.org/ ASCII—The American Standard Code for Information Interchange. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII ASP.NET MVC—A Microsoft framework which implements the MVC pattern. www.asp.net/mvc Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)—A number of client-side scripting techniques which leverage asynchronous background calls to web services. These techniques promote dynamic and rich web applications, and allow data to be retrieved or updated without having to load an entire web page.

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This protocol is not considered a secure mechanism for client authentication. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617 G LOSSARY Black-box Reuse—A form of software reuse in which the implementation details of a class or component are opaque and cannot be altered by the client developer. Developers code to the public interface of these entities. Components that use this form of reuse are typically distributed as binary libraries. BPEL—See Business Process Execution Language BSD Sockets API—A “low-level” C library for interprocess communications over TCP/IP. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets BSON—A framework that provides binary-encoded serialization of JSONlike data structures. http://bsonspec.org/ Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)—An open standard which deﬁnes processes as a set of interactions with web services. Cache—Software infrastructures that typically store data in memory or ﬁle systems for use across multiple client requests.

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Entities [DDD], Reference Objects [DDD], Business Object DoS—See Denial of Service Dynamic Link Library (DLL)—A proprietary Microsoft standard for encapsulating code libraries as deployable binary units that can be reused by different client applications. EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebcidic Endianness—The rules which deﬁne how a speciﬁc computing platform orders the bytes of 16-, 32-, or 64-bit words stored in memory. A.k.a. Byte Order Extensible Markup Language (XML)— www.w3.org/XML/ G LOSSARY Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)—An XML-based language that deﬁnes how content from XML can be converted into other formats and data structures. www.w3.org/TR/xslt Extensible XML Application Markup (XMAL)—A proprietary XML-based language from Microsoft.

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Most Likely to Succeed: Preparing Our Kids for the Innovation Era
by Tony Wagner and Ted Dintersmith
Published 17 Aug 2015

“Global Competence,” Asia Society. http://asiasociety.org/global competence (accessed December 18, 2014). 32 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kO8x8eoU3L4. 33 Meier, Deborah. The Power of Their Ideas: Lessons for America from a Small School in Harlem (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002). Chapter 5. The Gold Ring: The College Degree 1 Source: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_tuition_in_the_United_States (accessed December 30, 2014). 2 Rhoades, Gary. “The Study of American Professions,” Sociology of Higher Education: Contributions and Their Contexts, ed. Patricia Gumport (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). 3 Bok, Derek. Higher Learning (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986), 323–24. 4 Keeling, Richard P., and Richard Hersh.

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cntn_id=131403&org=NSF&from=news (accessed December 17, 2014). 4 Bajak, Aleszu. “Lectures aren’t just boring, they’re ineffective, too, study finds,” Science Insider, May 12, 2014. http://news.sciencemag.org/education/2014/05/lectures-arent-just-boring-theyre-ineffective-too-study-finds (accessed December 17, 2014). 5 Source: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Education_Group (accessed December 31, 2014). 6 Cuomo, Chris, Chris Vlasto, Gerry Wagschal, et al. “ABC News Investigates For-Profit Education: Recruiters at the University of Phoenix,” ABC News, August 19, 2010. http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/profit-education-abc-news-undercover-investigate-recruiters-university/story?

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“A Q&A with ‘Godfather of MOOCs’ Sebastian Thrun after he disavowed his godchild,” May 12, 2014, http://pando.com/2014/05/12/a-qa-with-godfather-of-moocs-sebastian-thrun-after-he-disavowed-his-godchild/ (accessed December 17, 2014). 10 Brown, Peter C. Make It Stick (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014). Kindle Edition.417. 11 Source: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkness_table (accessed December 31, 2014). 12 Mazur, Eric. Peer Instruction (Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1996), 16. 13 Private Conversation, December 31, 2014. 14 From the PBS Frontline documentary. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/where/history.html (accessed December 17, 2014). 15 Owen, David.

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Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing
by Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman
Published 20 Nov 2012

Chapter 3 1 Quote from a press conference covered by VentureBeat in May 2012. http://venturebeat.com/2012/05/10/3d-systems-ceo-we-want-3d-printing-to-be-as-big-as-the-ipad/ 2 Quote from Terry’s blog, July 2012. http://wohlersassociates.com/blog/2012/07/why-most-adults-will-never-use-a-3d-printer/ Chapter 4 1 Chris Anderson, The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More (New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 2008). 2 Joseph Pine and James Gilmore, The Experience Economy (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1999). 3 Eric Reis, The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. (New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group, 2011). 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcredit Chapter 5 1 Harris L. Marcus, Joel W. Barlow, Joseph J. Beaman, and David L. Bourell, “From computer to component in 15 minutes: The integrated manufacture of three-dimensional objects.” JOM: Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 42, no. 4 (1990): 8–10. 2 Paul Williams, “Three Dimensional Printing: A New Process to Fabricate Prototypes Directly from CAD Models.”

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Lead Partner: Loughborough University. 4 Whitney MacDonald, “Time for Titanium Processing.” CSIRO Process magazine (June 2005): 1-2. http://www.csiro.au/files/files/p81m.pdf 5 “ATKINS: Manufacturing a Low Carbon Footprint. Zero Emission Enterprise Feasibility Study.” Project number N0012J, October 2007. Lead Partner: Loughborough University. 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling 7 Susan Freinkel, Plastic: A Toxic Love Story (New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 2011). 8 Stat from Global Environmental Polymers, Inc. http://www.degradablepolymers.com/plastic_pollution.html 9 Capt. Charles Moore with Cassandra Phillips, Plastic Ocean: How a Sea Captain’s Chance Discovery Launched a Determined Quest to Save the Oceans (Avery, 2011). 10 Joris Peels, “3D printing vs Mass Production: Part IV More beautiful landfill.” i.materialise blog (June 29, 2011). http://i.materialise.com/blog/entry/3d-printing-vs-mass-production-part-iv-more-beautiful-landfill 11 American Chemistry Council, “2005 National Post-Consumer Plastics Bottle Recycling Report” (2005).

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Ars Technica (April 6, 2011). http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/04/the-next-napster-copyright-questions-as-3d-printing-comes-of-age/2/ 6 Erin McCarthy, “SXSW: The Looming Legal Battles over 3D Printing.” Popular Mechanics (March 14, 2012). http://www.popularmechanics.com/how-to/blog/sxw-the-looming-legal-battles-over-3d-printing-7333888 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent 8 Simon Bradshaw, Adrian Bowyer, and Patrick Haufe, “The Intellectual Property Implications of Low-Cost 3D Printing.” SCRIPTed, Volume 7, Issue 1 (2010). http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed/vol7-1/bradshaw.asp 9 Phillip Torrone, “MAKE’s Exclusive Interview with Alicia Gibb – President of the Open Source Hardware Association.”

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Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations
by Clay Shirky
Published 28 Feb 2008

Viégas’s work on visualizing the history of Wikipedia edits, “History Flow,” is at www.research.ibm.com/visual/projects/history_flow/. Page 138: Seigenthaler and essjay controversies The Wikipedia articles on the controversy surrounding the John Seigenthaler entry (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Seigenthaler_Sr._Wikipedia_biography_controversy ) and essjay’s faked credentials (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essjay_controversy) are surprisingly good, given that one might expect Wikipedians to pull their punches. Nicholas Carr is also worth reading on this subject; Carr, writing at roughtype.com, is the most insightful and incisive of Wikipedia’s critics.

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Raymond’s writings on software and other topics are at www.catb.org/~esr/writings/ . Page 22: Within the Context of No Context, George W. S. Trow, Atlantic Monthly Press (1997). CHAPTER 2: SHARING ANCHORS COMMUNITY Page 25: Birthday Paradox Wikipedia contains a good general guide to the Birthday Paradox, at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday_paradox. (As always, Wikipedia also contains links at the bottom of the article to additional materials on the subject.) An alternate formulation of the same math is expressed as “Metcalfe’s law.” Robert Metcalfe, inventor of a core networking technology called Ethernet, proposed that “the value of a network rises with the square of its members,” which is to say that when you double the size of a network, its value quadruples, because so many new links become possible.

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Spectrum Women: Walking to the Beat of Autism
by Barb Cook and Samantha Craft
Published 20 Aug 2018

Retrieved 19 September 2017, from www.ottawariverkeeper.ca/home/who-we-are/our-story/ Prince-Hughes, D. (2004) Songs of the Gorilla Nation. New York, NY: Harmony Books. Simone, R. (2010) Aspergirls: Empowering Females with Asperger Syndrome. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Wikipedia (2017) “Ernest Thompson Seton.” Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Thompson_Seton Wikipedia (2017) “Laurent Mottron.” Retrieved 19 September 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Mottron Recommended Resources Publications 22 Things a Woman Must Know If She Loves a Man with Asperger Syndrome, Rudy Simone (Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2009) 22 Things a Woman with Aspergers Wants Her Partner to Know, Rudy Simone (Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012) A Field Guide to Earthlings: An Autistic/Asperger View of Neurotypical Behaviour, Ian Ford (Ian Ford Software Corporation, 2010) Am I Autistic?

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Moraine, P. (2015) Autism and Everyday Executive Function: A Strengths-Based Approach for Improving Attention, Memory, Organization and Flexibility. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Moyes, R. (2013) Executive Function “Dysfunction”: Strategies for Educators and Parents. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Wikipedia (2017) “Gaslighting.” Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslighting Chapter 15 Cleveland Clinic (2017) “Mitochondrial Disease.” Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17237-mitochondrial-disease Lesko, A. (2017) The Complete Guide to Autism and Healthcare. Arlington, TX: Future Horizons.

Driverless: Intelligent Cars and the Road Ahead
by Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman
Published 22 Sep 2016

Despite the efforts of many gifted engineers, for the remainder of the twentieth century, driverless cars continued to suffer from the Da Vinci problem, their development thwarted by the immaturity of the era’s information and communication technologies. Figure 6.5 The History of Driverless Cars: Key milestones in the evolution of autonomous vehicles. Notes 1. Wikipedia, “Futurama (New York World’s Fair),” retrieved March 24, 2016, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama_(New_York_World’s_Fair) 2. Robert W. Rydell, World of Fairs (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), pp. 135–141. 3. Normal Bel Geddes, Magic Motorways, https://archive.org/details/horizons00geddrich 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid., p. 295. 6. Laura J. Nelson, “Digital Projection Has Drive-in Theaters Reeling,” Los Angeles Times, January 19, 2013, http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-drive-ins-digital-20130120,0,5280624,full.story 7.

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“GPS Accuracy,” GPS.gov Official U.S. Government information about the Global Positioning System (GPS), http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/performance/accuracy/ 3. McWilliams, “Re: How Fast Does an Eye Blink?” University of Missouri–St. Louis, MadSci Network, retrieved April 28, 2013 (via Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blink) 4. Adam Levin “How Hackers Can Hijack Your Car,” Today.com, August 29, 2013, http://www.today.com/money/how-hackers-can-hijack-your-car-8C11034118 5. Dash, https://dash.by/ 10 Deep Learning: The Final Piece of the Puzzle Deep-learning software is a key catalyst behind recent advances in driverless-car performance and safety.

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Mythical potions came and went, and over the years alchemists were replaced by their modern ancestors, roboticists. Today, we roboticists have better tools, deeper understanding, and a little more funding. But ultimately, we are still trying to breathe life into inanimate machines. Notes 1. Wikipedia, “The Cambrian Explosion,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrian_explosion 2. Andres Parker, In the Blink of an Eye (Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books), 2003. 3. Denise Grady, “The Vision Thing: Mainly in the Brain,” Discover Magazine, June 1, 1993, http://discovermagazine.com/1993/jun/thevisionthingma227 4. Gill A. Pratt, “Is a Cambrian Explosion Coming for Robotics?”

HBase: The Definitive Guide
by Lars George
Published 29 Aug 2011

Note Note that the selection of filesystems is for the HDFS data nodes. HBase is directly impacted when using HDFS as its backing store. Here are some notes on the more commonly used filesystems: ext3 One of the most ubiquitous filesystems on the Linux operating system is ext3 (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3 for details). It has been proven stable and reliable, meaning it is a safe bet in terms of setting up your cluster with it. Being part of Linux since 2001, it has been steadily improved over time and has been the default filesystem for years. There are a few optimizations you should keep in mind when using ext3.

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The biggest drawback of ext3 is that during the bootstrap process of the servers it requires the largest amount of time. Formatting a disk with ext3 can take minutes to complete and may become a nuisance when spinning up machines dynamically on a regular basis—although that is not a very common practice. ext4 The successor to ext3 is called ext4 (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 for details) and initially was based on the same code but was subsequently moved into its own project. It has been officially part of the Linux kernel since the end of 2008. To that extent, it has had only a few years to prove its stability and reliability. Nevertheless, Google has announced plans[32] to upgrade its storage infrastructure from ext2 to ext4.

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It helps in keeping blocks for files together and can at times write the entire file into a contiguous set of blocks. This reduces fragmentation and improves performance when reading the file subsequently. On the other hand, it increases the possibility of data loss in case of a server crash. XFS XFS (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfs for details) became available on Linux at about the same time as ext3. It was originally developed by Silicon Graphics in 1993. Most Linux distributions today have XFS support included. Its features are similar to those of ext4; for example, both have extents (grouping contiguous blocks together, reducing the number of blocks required to maintain per file) and the aforementioned delayed allocation.

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On the Future: Prospects for Humanity
by Martin J. Rees
Published 14 Oct 2018

An overview of these developments is given in Murray Shanahan, The Technological Singularity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015); and Margaret Boden, AI: Its Nature and Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). A more speculative ‘take’ is offered by Max Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (New York: Penguin Random House 2017). 9. David Silver et al., ‘Mastering the Game of Go without Human Knowledge’, Nature 550 (2017): 354–59. 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reported_Road_Casualties_Great_Britain. 11. The letter was organised by the Future of Life Institute, based at MIT. 12. Stuart Russell is quoted from the Financial Times, January 6, 2018. 13. See Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology (New York: Viking, 2005). 14.

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W. Norton, 2015). 8. There is a huge literature on pulsars, but an overview is given by Geoff McNamara, Clocks in the Sky: The Story of Pulsars (New York: Springer, 2008). 9. Fast radio bursts are intensively studied and ideas are fast changing. The best reference is Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_radio_burst. CHAPTER 4. THE LIMITS AND FUTURE OF SCIENCE 1. A biography of Conway is Siobhan Roberts, Genius at Play: The Curious Mind of John Horton Conway (New York: Bloomsbury, 2015). 2. This essay can be found in Eugene Wigner, Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays of Eugene P.

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Everything Is Obvious: *Once You Know the Answer
by Duncan J. Watts
Published 28 Mar 2011

This argument has been made most forcefully by Donald Green and Ian Shapiro, who argue that when “everything from conscious calculation to ‘cultural inertia’ may be squared with some variant of rational choice theory … our disagreement becomes merely semantic, and rational choice theory is nothing but an ever-expanding tent in which to house every plausible proposition advanced by anthropology, sociology, or social psychology.” (Green and Shapiro, 2005, p. 76). CHAPTER 3: THE WISDOM (AND MADNESS) OF CROWDS 1. See Riding (2005) for the statistic about visitors. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa for other entertaining details about the Mona Lisa. 2. See Clark (1973, p. 150). 3. See Sassoon (2001). 4. See Tucker (1999) for the full article on Harry Potter. See (Nielsen 2009) for details of their Facebook analysis. See Barnes (2009) for the story on movies. 5. For the story about changes in consumer behavior postrecession, see Goodman (2009).

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See Makridakis, Hogarth, and Gaba (2009a) and Taleb (2007) for lengthier descriptions of these and other missed predictions. See Lowenstein (2000) for the full story of Long-Term Capital Management. 6. Newton’s quote is taken from Janiak (2004, p. 41). 7. The Laplace quote is taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace’s-demon. 8. Lumping all processes into two coarse categories is a vast oversimplification of reality, as the “complexity” of a process is not a sufficiently well understood property to be assigned anything like a single number. It’s also a somewhat arbitrary one, as there’s no clear definition of when a process is complex enough to be called complex.

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Also see Bertrand et al. (2010) for an example of a direct-mail advertising experiment. Curiously, however, the practice of routinely including control groups in advertising campaigns, for TV, word-of-mouth, and even brand advertising, never caught on, and these days it is mostly overlooked in favor of statistical models, often called “marketing mix models” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mix_modeling). 19. See, for example, a recent Harvard Business School article by the president and CEO of comScore (Abraham 2008). Curiously, the author was one of Lodish’s colleagues who worked on the split-cable TV experiments. 20. User anonymity was maintained throughout the experiment by using a third-party service to match Yahoo!

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Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution
by Janette Sadik-Khan
Published 8 Mar 2016

$124 for a seven-axle truck: Metropolitan Transportation Authority, “Approved Bridges and Tunnels Tolls,” accessed August 15, 2015, http://web.mta.info/mta/news/hearings/2015FareTolls/FaresBT.html. five wealthiest counties: New York counties ranked by per capita income, Wikipedia, accessed August 12, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_locations_by_per_capita_income. 57 percent of households: Tri-State Transportation Campaign, “NYC Metropolitan Area Fact Sheets on Congestion Pricing: Brooklyn,” accessed August 7, 2015, http://www.tstc.org/reports/cpfactsheets.php. 100 percent higher: Ibid. two thirds of Brooklyn workers: Ibid. 97.5 percent of Brooklyn: Ibid. 27 percent in a poll: Quinnipiac University, “State Voters Back NYC Traffic Fee 2–1, If Funds Go to Transit, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Voters Back Millionaire’s Tax 4–1,” March 24, 2008, accessed August 7, 2014, www.google.com/url?

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CHAPTER 7: STEALING GOOD IDEAS 381 people for every 100,000 inhabitants: “Medellin: A City Transformed,” Inter-American Development Bank, accessed August 7, 2015, www.iadb.org/en/topics/citizen-security/impact-medellin,5687.html. 26 per 100,000 inhabitants: “Colombia’s Homicide Rate Reaches 30 Year Low in 2014,” Finance Colombia, January 5, 2015, accessed August 7, 2015, www.financecolombia.com/colombias-homicide-rate-reaches-30-year-low-in-2014/. rise 1,300 feet: “Metrocable (Medellín),” Wikipedia, accessed August 7, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrocable_%28Medell%C3%ADn%29. cut the two-hour commutes: Numerous examples varying with origin and destinations, including Michael Kimmelman, “A City Rises, Along with Its Hopes,” New York Times, May 18, 2012, accessed August 7, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2012/05/20/arts/design/fighting-crime-with-architecture-in-medellin-colombia.html.

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more than three times as many people killed: Department of Defense, Operations Iraqi Freedom, New Dawn, Enduring Freedom, Inherent Resolve, Freedom’s Sentinel, accessed August 10, 2015, www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf; “Casualties of the September 11 Attacks,” Wikipedia, accessed August 10, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_September_11_attacks. nearly three times the number: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fast Stats: Assault or Homicide,” accessed August 10, 2015, www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/homicide.htm. 29 percent of traffic deaths: United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Traffic Safety Facts,” June 2015, 1, accessed August 10, 2015, www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/812162.pdf.

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Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth and Impact the World
by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler
Published 3 Feb 2015

Chapter Three: Five to Change the World 1 Adrian Kingsley-Hughes, “Mobile gadgets driving massive growth in touch sensors,” ZDNet, June 18, 2013, http://www.zdnet.com/mobile-gadgets-driving-massive-growth-in-touch-sensors-7000016954/. 2 Peter Kelly-Detwiler, “Machine to Machine Connections—The Internet of Things—And Energy,” Forbes, August 6, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterdetwiler/2013/08/06/machine-to-machine-connections-the-internet-of-things-and-energy/. 3 See http://www.shotspotter.com. 4 Clive Thompson, “No Longer Vaporware: The Internet of Things Is Finally Talking,” Wired, December 6, 2012, http://www.wired.com/2012/12/20-12-st_thompson/. 5 Brad Templeton, “Cameras or Lasers?,” Templetons, http://www.templetons.com/brad/robocars/cameras-lasers.html. 6 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_vehicles_in_the_United_States. 7 Commercial satellite players include: PlanetLabs (already launched), Skybox (launched and acquired by Google), Urthecast (launched), and two still-confidential companies still under development (about which Peter Diamandis has firsthand knowledge). 8 Stanford University, “Need for a Trillion Sensors Roadmap,” Tsensorsummit.org, 2013, http://www.tsensorssummit.org/Resources/Why%20TSensors%20Roadmap.pdf. 9 Rickie Fleming, “The battle of the G networks,” NCDS.com blog, June 28, 2014, http://www.ncds.com/ncds-business-technology-blog/the-battle-of-the-g-networks. 10 AI with Dan Hesse, 2013–14. 11 Unless otherwise noted, all IoT information and Padma Warrior quotes come from an AI with Padma, 2013. 12 Cisco, “2013 IoE Value Index,” Cisco.com, 2013, http://internetofeverything.cisco.com/learn/2013-ioe-value-index-whitepaper. 13 NAVTEQ, “NAVTEQ Traffic Patterns,” Navmart.com, 2008, http://www.navmart.com/pdf/NAVmart_TrafficPatterns.pdf. 14 Juho Erkheikki, “Nokia to Buy Navteq for $8.1 Billion, Take on TomTom (Update 7),” Bloomberg, October 1, 2007, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?

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You get things done as long as you keep pushing. 14 Locke and Latham, “New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory.” 15 It was my dear friend Gregg Maryniak who first introduced me to this story. As it has been fundamental to my success, a deep debt of gratitude is owed. 16 Wikipedia does a great job with the history of “stone soup,” see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Soup. Also see Marcia Brown, Stone Soup (New York: Aladdin Picture Books), 1997. 17 AI with Hagel. 18 John Hagel, “Pursuing Passion,” Edge Perspectives with John Hagel, November 14, 2009, http://edgeperspectives.typepad.com/edge_perspectives/2009/11/pursuing-passion.html. 19 Gregory Berns, “In Hard Times, Fear Can Impair Decision Making,” New York Times, December 6, 2008.

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Chapter Nine: Building Communities 1 Clay Shirky, “How cognitive surplus will change the world,” TED, June 2010, https://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_world. 2 The term MTP was first described by Salim Ismail in his recent book Exponential Organizations: Why new organizations are ten times better, faster, cheaper than yours (and what to do about it) to describe a unique, powerful, and simple statement of your mission. Google’s MTP is to “Organize the world’s information.” TED’s MTP is “ideas worth spreading.” 3 This is sometimes called Joy’s Law, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy’s_Law_(management). 4 For DIY drones, see Chris Anderson, “How I Accidentally Kickstarted the Domestic Drone Boom,” Wired, June 22, 2012, http://www.wired.com/2012/06/ff_drones. For Local Motors, localmotors.com. 5 AI with Gina Bianchini, 2014. 6 Joshua Klein, Reputation Economics: Why Who You Know Is Worth More Than What You Have (New York: Palgrave Macmillan Trade, 2013). 7 All Klein quotes come from an AI with Joshua Klein, 2014. 8 AI with Bianchini. 9 James Glanz, “What Else Lurks Out There?

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Mending the Net: Toward Universal Basic Incomes
by Chris Oestereich
Published 20 Oct 2016

[13] Proctor, B, Semega, J, and Kollar, M, 2016, “Income and Poverty in the United States: 2015 - Current Population Reports,” http.s://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p60-256.pdf, 9. [14] Vogel, P, 2016, “The Future of Work?” http://globalfocusmagazine.com/the-future-of-work/. [15] Wikipedia, 2016, “List of recessions in the United States,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_States. [16] Scharf, K, and Smith, S, 2016, “Peer-to-peer fundraising and ‘relational altruism’ in charitable giving,” http://voxeu.org/article/peer-peer-fundraising-and-relational-altruism-charitable-giving. [17] DeLong, B, 2016, “Musings on ‘Just Deserts’ and the Opening of Plato's Republic,” http://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/09/musings-on-just-deserts-and-the-opening-of-platos-republic-greg-mankiw-defending-the-1-proposes-what-he-cal.html

pages: 190 words: 53,409

Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy
by Robert H. Frank
Published 31 Mar 2016

Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. CHAPTER 4: WHY THE BIGGEST WINNERS ARE ALMOST ALWAYS LUCKY 1. High School Baseball Web, “Inside the Numbers,” http://www.hsbaseballweb.com/inside_the_numbers.htm. 2. See Wikipedia, List of World Records in Athletics, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_athletics#Men and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_record_progressions. 3. Because the probability of getting heads on each flip is 1/2, the probability of getting 20 heads in a row is (1/2)20, which is 0.0000095367. 4. Carl Sagan, Broca’s Brain: Reflections on the Romance of Science, New York: Random House, 1979, 61. 5.

pages: 174 words: 56,405

Machine Translation
by Thierry Poibeau
Published 14 Sep 2017

ISBN: 978-0-262-53421-5 eISBN 9780262342438 ePub Version 1.0 Table of Contents Series page Title page Copyright page Series Foreword Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 2 The Trouble with Translation 3 A Quick Overview of the Evolution of Machine Translation 4 Before the Advent of Computers… 5 The Beginnings of Machine Translation: The First Rule-Based Systems 6 The 1966 ALPAC Report and Its Consequences 7 Parallel Corpora and Sentence Alignment 8 Example-Based Machine Translation 9 Statistical Machine Translation and Word Alignment 10 Segment-Based Machine Translation 11 Challenges and Limitations of Statistical Machine Translation 12 Deep Learning Machine Translation 13 The Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems 14 The Machine Translation Industry: Between Professional and Mass-Market Applications 15 Conclusion: The Future of Machine Translation Glossary Bibliography and Further Reading Index About Author List of Tables Table 1 Example of possible translations in French for the English word “motion” List of Illustrations Figure 1 The Necker cube, the famous optical illusion published by Louis Albert Necker in 1832. (Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons. From https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Necker_cube.svg.) Figure 2 Vauquois’ triangle (image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0, via WikiMedia Commons). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Direct_translation_and_transfer_translation_pyramind.svg. Figure 3 An extract from the Hansard corpus aligned at sentence level. Figure 4 Two texts of different length. Each cell with a number n corresponds to a sentence of length n. Figure 5 Beginning of alignment based on sentence length.

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These varying strategies have been summarized in a very striking figure called the “Vauquois triangle,” from the name of a famous French researcher in machine translation in the 1960s (figure 2). Figure 2 Vauquois’ triangle (image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0, via WikiMedia Commons). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Direct_translation_and_transfer_translation_pyramind.svg. Direct transfer, represented at the bottom of the triangle, corresponds to word-for-word translation. In this framework, there is no need to analyze the source text and, in the simplest case, a simple bilingual dictionary is enough.

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The Infinity Puzzle
by Frank Close
Published 29 Nov 2011

SU2, SU3, and U1: SU2 is an example of the “special unitary group” of 2 × 2 unitary matrices (i.e., the sum of their diagonal members is zero—“traceless”—and their determinant is one). SU3 analogously involves 3 × 3 matrices. See “special unitary group” at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special _unitary_group. For U1, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_group. For simple examples of matrices, see pages 112 and 114 of The New Cosmic Onion by Frank Close. SUSY (supersymmetry): Theory uniting fermions and bosons, where every known particle is partnered by a (yet to be discovered) particle whose spin differs from it by one-half.

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Polyakov, November 1965, English version published in Soviet Physics, vol. 24, p. 91 (1967). Their paper makes no mention of Higgs or the others in this chapter. 22. G. Guralnik, e-mail to the author, November 16, 2010. Gilbert’s paper is D. G. Boulware and W. Gilbert, Physical Review, vol. 126, p. 1563 (1962). 23. Guralnik’s memoir is available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs _mechanism and Gerald S. Guralnik, “The History of the Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble Development of the Theory of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Gauge Particles,” International Journal of Modern Physics, vol. A24, p. 2601 (2009). Quotes are from this and the letter to the CERN Courier, December 8 2008, http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/36683. 24.

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Llewellyn Smith, Nature, vol. 448, p. 281 (2007). 22. Llewellyn Smith, interview by the author, March 11, 2010. 23. Llewellyn Smith, Nature, vol. 448, p. 281 (2007). 24. Llewellyn Smith, interview by the author, March 11, 2010. chapter  1. Technicolor theory blossomed in the mid-1970s. For a description and list of references, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor_(physics). 2. I am using Higgs Boson as shorthand for whatever manifestation(s) of the ﬁeld nature may present to us. 3. As an electron accelerator. In the 1970s SLAC provided beams for SPEAR, which broke new ground in the ﬁeld of electron-positron annihilation, notably with the discovery of charm and of the tau lepton.

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Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons
by Peter Barnes
Published 29 Sep 2006

Census Bureau, Aug. 2004), p. 14. www.census.gov/prod /2004pubs/p60-226.pdf. For information about health care costs in the United States, see Paul Krugman, “The Medical Money Pit,” New York Times, Apr. 15, 2005, op ed page. Chapter 8: Sharing Culture 118 public domain: On the Statute of Queen Anne, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_Anne. For more information on the public domain see the website of the Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke Law School, www.law.duke.edu/cspd/index.html. 119 public domain: Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media (New York: Basic Books), p. 118. 122 “Our mental environment . . .”: Kalle Lasn, Culture Jam: The Uncooling of America (New York: William Morrow, 1999), p. 13. 122 “feel constantly bombarded . . .”: Stuart Elliott, “New Survey on Ad Effectiveness,” New York Times, Apr. 14, 2004. www.nytimes.com/2004/04/14/business/media/14adco.html?

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For more advertising data, see www1.medialiteracy.com/stats_advertising.jsp#perceptions. 123 TV advertising: Gary Levin, “Ad Glut Turns Off Viewers,” USA Today, Oct. 12, 2005. www.usatoday.com/printedition/life/20051012/d_cover12.art.htm. 125 privatizing the airwaves: For Lowell Paxson’s quote, see www.tvtechnology.com/features/Bigpicture/f-FB-DTV.shtml. 128 “As we enjoy great advantages . . .”: For Benjamin Franklin’s quote, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_stove. 129 drug costs to consumers: Dean Baker, “The Reform of Intellectual Property,” Post-Autistic Economics Review, July 2005. www.paecon.net/PAEReview/issue32/Baker32.htm. Chapter 9: Building the Commons Sector 136 land trusts: See www.dsni.org/ for more on the Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative.

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Team Geek
by Brian W. Fitzpatrick and Ben Collins-Sussman
Published 6 Jul 2012

[30] Yet another reason companies shouldn’t force people into management as part of a career path: if an engineer is able to write reams of great code and has no desire at all to manage people or lead a team, by forcing her into a management or tech lead role you’re losing a great engineer and gaining a crappy manager. This is not only a bad idea, but it’s actively harmful. [31] See the section on failure, in Chapter 2. [32] His real name. [33] See also “Rubber duck debugging,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_duck_debugging. [34] See Alberto Savoia’s talk, “The Pretotyping Manifesto,” at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4AqxNekecY. [35] Public criticism of an individual is rarely necessary, and most often is just mean or cruel. You can be sure the rest of the team already knows when an individual has failed, so there’s no need to rub it in

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On the contrary, your first objective should be to make the changes necessary to be happy and accomplish your goals at your job, and this chapter has given you a lot of the tools you’ll need to do that. If you don’t put the effort into understanding how to navigate your organization, you’re leaving a huge part of your destiny to chance. * * * [44] See “Anna Karenina principle,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Karenina_principle. [45] Again, this is an acceptable way to write software, we just don’t think it’s a very interesting way for top-notch engineers to spend their time. [46] Which is doubly frustrating because you managed to succeed in spite of their interference! [47] In contrast, during Fitz’s first week at Google he found a typo in Gmail.

Agile Project Management With Kanban
by Eric Brechner
Published 25 Feb 2015

I recommend that a triage team review all escalations before the core engineering team begins work on any of those issues to ensure that the most important issues receive attention first. * * * Note Triage is derived from the French trier, which means “to sort.” The term can be traced back to the late 1700s, when a French military surgeon, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, developed a system for prioritizing casualties on the battlefield during the Crimean War. (See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Jean_Larrey.) The concept involved treating the most urgent cases first, where survival was feasible, regardless of whether the wounded were still on the battlefield. As the concept evolved, cases were pushed through a workflow in which doctors more equipped to handle the care took over.

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Kaizen involves observing a problem, ideally with metrics such as cycle time, determining the root cause of the problem, making a change to address it, monitoring and measuring the results, and infinitely repeating. Building a kaizen mentality into your team culture is recommended and is often done with small changes on a daily basis at both a personal and team level. * * * Improvements might be identified with a simple root-cause analysis process such as the “5 Whys” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_Whys) or, my personal favorite, the Six Boxes (http://www.sixboxes.com). The Six Boxes provide a root-cause analysis and solution framework that helps you look above and beyond the obvious symptoms by focusing on expectations and feedback, tools and processes, incentives, motivation, selection and assignment (or capacity), and skills and knowledge.

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Data Source Handbook
by Pete Warden
Published 15 Feb 2011

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pages: 372 words: 107,587

The End of Growth: Adapting to Our New Economic Reality
by Richard Heinberg
Published 1 Jun 2011

(New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 3–16. 44. See page 22, “Quantitative Relationships Among Energy Use, GDP, and Other Socio-nomic Indicators,” in James H. Brown et al., “Energetic Limits to Economic Growth,” Bioscience 61, no.1 (January 2011), pp. 19–26. 45. Wikipedia, “Overdevelopment,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdevelopment. 46. Manfred A. Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde, and Martin Hopenhayn, “Development and Human Needs,” chapter in Human Scale Development: Conception, Application, and Further Reflections (New York: Apex, 1991), p. 18. 47. Manfred Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde, and Martin Hopenhayn, (in Spanish) “Desar-rollo a Escala Humana — Una Opción Para el Futuro,” Development Dialogue, número especial (CEPAUR y Fundación Dag Hammarskjold, 1986), p. 12; Manfred Max-Neef et al., “Human Scale Development: An Option for the Future,” Development Dialogue 1 (1989), pp. 7–80. 48.

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Manfred Max-Neef, Antonio Elizalde, and Martin Hopenhayn, (in Spanish) “Desar-rollo a Escala Humana — Una Opción Para el Futuro,” Development Dialogue, número especial (CEPAUR y Fundación Dag Hammarskjold, 1986), p. 12; Manfred Max-Neef et al., “Human Scale Development: An Option for the Future,” Development Dialogue 1 (1989), pp. 7–80. 48. Wikipedia, “International Inequality,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_inequality. 49. Jim, “Desdemona at 2: The Environmentalist’s Paradox,” Desdemona’s Despair, posted December 2, 2010. 50. James B. Davies et al., The World Distribution of Household Wealth, United Nations University’s World Institute for Development Economics Research (New York: UNU-WIDER, February 2008). 51.N aomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (New York: Picador, 2007). 52.

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Lewis Aptekar, Environmental Disasters in Global Perspective (New York: G. K. Hall, 1994). 3. See James Howard Kunstler, The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America’s Man-Made Landscape (New York: Free Press, 1994); and Gregory Greene, “The End of Suburbia,” video documentary, The Electric Wallpaper Co., 2004. 4. Wikipedia, “Transition Towns,” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_Towns. 5. Rob Hopkins, Transition Handbook (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green, 2008). 6. Hopkins, Transition Handbook, p. 15. 7. Formerly archived at: transitiontowns.org/TransitionNetwork/CheerfulDisclaimer 8. Transition Town Totnes, transitiontowntotnes.org. 9. Rob Hopkins, “Ingredients of Transition: Strategic Local Infrastructure,” Energy Bulletin, posted December 15, 2010. 10.

pages: 648 words: 108,814

Solr 1.4 Enterprise Search Server
by David Smiley and Eric Pugh
Published 15 Nov 2009

[ 66 ] Download at Boykma.Com This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by William Anderson on 26th August 2009 4310 E Conway Dr. NW, , Atlanta, , 30327 Chapter 3 Solr lets you use HTTP GET too (for example, through your web browser). However, this is an inappropriate HTTP verb if it causes something to change on the server, as happens with indexing. For more information on this concept, read about REST at http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer One way to send an HTTP POST is through the Unix command line program curl (also available on Windows through Cygwin). Even if you don't use curl, it is very important to know how we're going to use it, because the concepts will be applied no matter how you make the HTTP messages.

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Remember that the data in the URL must be URL-Encoded so that the URL complies with its specification. Therefore, the %3A in our example is interpreted by Solr as :, and %2C is interpreted as ,. Although not in our example, the most common escaped character in URLs is a space, which is escaped as either + or %20. For more information on URL encoding see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding. [ 94 ] Download at Boykma.Com This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by William Anderson on 26th August 2009 4310 E Conway Dr. NW, , Atlanta, , 30327 Chapter 4 Query parameters There are a great number of query parameters for configuring Solr searches, especially when considering all of the components like faceting and highlighting.

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In /examples/8/solr-php-client/demo.php, there is a demo of creating a new artist document in Solr for the singer Susan Boyle, and then performing some queries. Susan Boyle was a contestant on the TV show Britain's Got Talent and may be a major artist in the future. You can learn more about her from her Wikipedia entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Boyle. Installing the demo in your specific local environment is left as an exercise for the reader. On a Macintosh, you would place the solr-php-client directory in /Library/WebServer/Documents/. [ 248 ] Download at Boykma.Com This material is copyright and is licensed for the sole use by William Anderson on 26th August 2009 4310 E Conway Dr.

pages: 605 words: 110,673

Drugs Without the Hot Air
by David Nutt
Published 30 May 2012

view=Binary 22. www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1961_en.pdf 23. www.accionandina.org/documentos/ Wonders-of-the-Coca-Leaf.pdf 24. www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/3/10-079905.pdf 25. www.nps.gov/history/local-law/fhpl_indianrelfreact.pdf 26. www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ ld199798/ldselect/ldsctech/151/15101.htm 27. www.beckleyfoundation.org/science/ projects14.html 28. www.ukcia.org/culture/history/colonial.php 29. digital.nls.uk/indiapapers/browse/ pageturner.cfm?id=74908458 30. profdavidnutt.wordpress.com/2010/12/13/ necessity-or-nastiness-the-hidden-law-denying- cannabis-for-medicinal-use/ 31. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama 32. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_performance-enhancing_drugs_in_sport 33. vimeo.com/23580287 34. www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/AGES001e/ 35. www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/assets/files/ Publications/Swept%20under%20the%20carpet.pdf 36. www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/mar/ 07/safe-level-alcohol-consumption 37. m.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/nov/ 05/alcohol-drug-worse-than-heroin?

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view=Binary 73. www.camh.net/education/Resources_communities_ organizations/stigma_subabuse_litreview99.pdf 74. www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/may/20/ pete-doherty-jailed-six-months 75. www.people.com/people/article/ 0,,20243428,00.html 76. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/1937076/ Amy-Winehouse-bailed-over-drugs-video.html 77. content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/ post/2011/09/amy-winehouse-died-after-detox-seizure-dad-says/1 78. www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/en/ PositionPaper_English.pdf 79. www.guardian.co.uk/society/2010/apr/20/conservatives-heroin-addiction-treatment-overhaul 80. profdavidnutt.wordpress.com/2010/06/09/ crutch-or-cure-the-realities-of-methadone-treatment/ 81. www.cato.org/pubs/wtpapers/ greenwald_whitepaper.pdf 82. www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/05/portugal-drugs-debate 83. www.soros.org/initiatives/drugpolicy/ articles_publications/publications/ drug-policy-in-portugal-20110829/ drug-policy-in-portugal-20110829.pdf 84. www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/qi/6833236/ QI-quite-interesting-facts-about-wine.html 85. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_cocaine#Chemistry 86. m.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/19/ cocaine-rainforests-columbia-santos-calderon? cat=world&type=article 87. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12177875 88. collections.europarchive.org/tna/ 20110202220654/http://www.smokefreeengland.co.uk/ what-do-i-do/quick-guide.html 89. www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/ health-news/smoking-ban-has-saved-40000-lives-856885.html 90. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/ en/index.html 91. www.who.int/tobacco/statistics/tobacco_atlas/en/ 92. news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/ stories/november/18/newsid_2519000/2519675.stm 93. www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/scoth/PDFs/scothnov2004.pdf 94. www.surgeongeneral.gov/ library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf 95. www.gutenberg.org/files/17008/17008-h/17008-h.htm 96. www.youtube.com/watch?

pages: 431 words: 107,868

The Great Race: The Global Quest for the Car of the Future
by Levi Tillemann
Published 20 Jan 2015

SH-60B_helicopter_flies_over_Sendai.jpg, 2011. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SH-60B_helicopter_flies_over_Sendai.j. 44. . Anti-Nuclear Power Plant Rally on 19 September 2011 at Meiji Shrine Outer Garden 03, 2011. 45. Nissan. Nissan Oppama Plant. 46. Ha’Eri, Bobak. Beijing smog comparison August 2005, 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_in_China#mediaviewer/File:Beijing_smog_comparison_August_2005.png. 47. Peter23. Beijing national stadium, 2011. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium#mediaviewer/File:Beijing_national_stadium.jpg). 48. Voice of America. 2012 Anti-Japan demonstrations3, 2012. 49. Voice of America. 2012 Anti-Japan demonstrations4, 2012. 50. NASA, Elon Musk gives tour for President Barak Obama, 2010. http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/obama_tour.html. 52.

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Faillace, Lt. Gaetano. Emperor Hirohito and General MacArthur, at their first meeting, at the U.S. Embassy, Tokyo, 27 September, 1945. http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3c10000/3c11000/3c11000/3c11093v.jpg. 10. Toyota Motor Co. Taichi Ohno. 11. Wikipedia. Chrysler Imperial, 1955. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_(automobile)#mediaviewer/File:Chrysler_Imperial_car-1955.JPG. 12. Los Angeles Times photographic archive, UCLA Library. Highland Park Optimist Club wearing smog-gas masks at banquet, Los Angeles, Calif., circa 1954. 13. McClanahan, James. Arie Haagen-Smit with lab equipment, 1961. 14.

pages: 378 words: 110,518

Postcapitalism: A Guide to Our Future
by Paul Mason
Published 29 Jul 2015

Konrad, ‘Trouble Ahead, Trouble Behind’, cnet, 22 February 2002, http://news.cnet.com/2008-1082-843349.html 30. Y. Benkler, The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (New Haven, 2006) 31. Ibid. 32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians 33. https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Staff_and_contractors 34. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia, accessed 28 December 2013 35. http://www.alexa.com/topsites 36. www.monetizepros.com/blog/2013/analysis-how-wikipedia-could-make-2-8-billion-in-annual-revenue/ 37. K. Arrow, ‘Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention’, in The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors, NBER, 1962, pp. 609–26 38.

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S71–S102 12. Ibid. p. S72 13. Ibid., pp. S71–S102 14. http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1567869/business-matters-average-itunes-account-generates-just 15. D. Warsh, Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery (New York, 2007) 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_A7#cite_note-AnandTech-iPhone5s-A7-2 17. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_Letter_to_Hobbyists.jpg 18. R. Stallman, The GNU Manifesto, March 1985, http://www.gnu.org/gnu/manifesto.html 19. http://gs.statcounter.com 20. http://www.businessinsider.com/android-market-share-2012-11 21.

pages: 576 words: 105,655

Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea
by Mark Blyth
Published 24 Apr 2013

Schneider, and Peter Tufano, “Financially Fragile Households,” National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER working paper no. 17072, Cambridge, MA, May 11, 2011 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17072; Lawrence Mishel and Heidi Schieroltz “The Sad but True Story of Wages in America,” Economic Policy Institute, Washington DC, March 15, 2011. http://www.epi.org/publication/the_sad_but_true_story_of_wages_in_america/. 46. Number of guns taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States 47. All figures in this section come from bank financial filings. GDP figures come from Eurostat. Details are found in chapter 3. 48. Nassim N. Taleb, “The Great Bank Robbery,” Project Syndicate, September 2, 2011. http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-great-bank-robbery.

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Friedrich describes him as “the spokesman for the creed of the neo-liberals in German and European politics.” Freidrich, American Political Science Review 49, 2 (1955): 510. 29. I thank Josef Hien for the details on this important transition period. 30. See the description of the Wirtschaftwunder at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtschaftswunder. 31. Allen, “Underdevelopment,” 271. The fact that all of this was made possible by an astonishingly favorable macroeconomic context—the Bretton Woods international monetary system and American acceptance of an undervalued Deutschmark given Germany’s strategic position in the Cold War—should also be acknowledged.

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John Maynard Keynes, “The United States and the Keynes Plan,” New Republic, July 29, 1940, quoted in Bill Janeway, Doing Capitalism in the Innovation Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 254. 57. “From Those Wonderful Folks That Brought You Pearl Harbor” is the title of a book that inspired the TV show Mad Men. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Della_Femina. I use it here not to be funny but because it’s fundamentally accurate. Austerity empowered the Japanese military, and so it brought the world Pearl Harbor. 58. Jonathan Kirshner, Appeasing the Bankers: Financial Caution on the Road to War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 2007), 62. 59.

pages: 413 words: 106,479

Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language
by Gretchen McCulloch
Published 22 Jul 2019

The Baltimore Sun. www.baltimoresun.com/news/language-blog/bal-singular-they-the-editors-decision-20150410-story.html. Personal communication with Benjamin Dreyer, chief copy editor, Random House; Peter Sokolowski, lexicographer, Merriam-Webster. subtle problems of bias: (No author cited.) (No date cited.) “Wikipedia: Systemic Bias.” Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Systemic_bias. Google Docs: Yew Jin Lim. March 21, 2012. “Spell Checking Powered by the Web.” Google Drive Blog. drive.googleblog.com/2012/03/spell-checking-powered-by-web.html. Textio: Kieran Snyder. November 11, 2016. “Want to Hire Faster? Write about ‘Learning,’ Not ‘Brilliance.’”

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OSDIR.com Forums. web.archive.org/web/20160304060338/osdir.com/ml/culture.internet.history/2002-12/msg00026.html. Some systems tried: Paul Dourish. (No date cited.) “The Original Hacker’s Dictionary.” Dourish.com. www.dourish.com/goodies/jargon.html. Other chat systems: (No author cited.) (No date cited.) Unix talk screenshot. Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unix_talk_screenshot_01.png. You could add more boxes: Brian Dear. 2017. The Friendly Orange Glow: The Untold Story of the PLATO System and the Dawn of Cyberculture. Pantheon. David R. Wooley. 1994. “PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community.” Matrix News. A re-created modern web version of Talkomatic that you can try out yourself is here: talko.cc/talko.html.

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Milner. 2017. The Ambivalent Internet. John Wiley & Sons. “The ostensibly unfinished”: Limor Shifman. 2014. Memes in Digital Culture. MIT Press. sixty times larger: 5.5 million English Wikipedia articles. Wikimedia Foundation. February 25, 2018. “Wikipedia: Size comparisons.” Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_comparisons. Though fanfiction existed: Anne Jamison. 2013. Fic: Why Fanfiction Is Taking Over the World. Smart Pop. They’ve gathered on blogs: Estimates as of February 2018: 3.6 million works on Archive of Our Own. archiveofourown.org/. 8.1 million works on Fanfiction.net extrapolated from: Charles Sendlor.

The Smart Wife: Why Siri, Alexa, and Other Smart Home Devices Need a Feminist Reboot
by Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy
Published 14 Apr 2020

,” VIDA (blog), Australian Women’s History Network, December 7, 2016, http://www.auswhn.org.au/blog/marital-rape/. 31. Emily Shugerman, “There Are Still 10 Countries Where It’s Legal to Rape Your Spouse,” Revelist, March 26, 2019, http://www.revelist.com/world/countries-marital-rape-legal/7073/; Wikipedia, sv “Marital Rape Laws by Country,” last modified January 8, 2020, 03:05, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marital_rape_laws_by_country. 32. Maushart, Wifework, 9. 33. Heather Pemberton Levy, “Gartner’s Top 10 Strategic Predictions for 2017 and Beyond: Surviving the Storm Winds of Digital Disruption,” Gartner, October 18, 2016, https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-predicts-a-virtual-world-of-exponential-change/. 34.

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Janet Vertesi, “Pygmalion’s Legacy: Cyborg Women in Science Fiction,” in SciFi in the Mind’s Eye: Reading Science through Science Fiction, ed. Margret Grebowicz (Chicago: Open Court, 2007), 23; Gutiu, “Roboticization of Consent.” 65. Wikipedia, sv “My Living Doll,” last modified September 26, 2019, 23:31, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Living_Doll. 66. Levy, Love and Sex with Robots; Brent Bambury, “A.I. Expert David Levy Says a Human Will Marry a Robot by 2050,” January 6, 2017, in Day 6, CBC Radio, https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/episode-319-becoming-kevin-o-leary-saving-shaker-music-google-renewables-marrying-robots-and-more-1.3921088/a-i-expert-david-levy-says-a-human-will-marry-a-robot-by-2050-1.3921101. 67.

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Jesse Fox and Bridget Potocki, “Lifetime Video Game Consumption, Interpersonal Aggression, Hostile Sexism, and Rape Myth Acceptance: A Cultivation Perspective,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31, no. 10 (June 2016): 1912–1931; Victoria Simpson Beck, Stephanie Boys, Christopher Rose, and Eric Beck, “Violence against Women in Video Games: A Prequel or Sequel to Rape Myth Acceptance?,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27, no. 15 (October 2012): 3016–3031. 92. Wikipedia, sv “List of Controversial Video Games,” last modified September 23, 2019, 00:46, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_controversial_video_games. 93. Helen W. Kennedy, “Lara Croft: Feminist Icon or Cyberbimbo? On the Limits of Textual Analysis,” Game Studies 2, no. 2 (December 2002), http://www.gamestudies.org/0202/kennedy/. 94. Michael Kasumovic and Rob Brooks, “Virtual Rape in Grand Theft Auto 5: Learning the Limits of the Game,” Conversation, August 19, 2014, https://theconversation.com/virtual-rape-in-grand-theft-auto-5-learning-the-limits-of-the-game-30520. 95.

pages: 261 words: 10,785

The Lights in the Tunnel
by Martin Ford
Published 28 May 2011

However, interactive computer time was very expensive, so punch cards were still used in introductory courses. 8 Amdahl MIPS rating: Roy Longbottom’s PC Benchmark Collection, Web: http://www.roylongbottom.org.uk/mips.htm#anchorAmdahl 9 All computer MIPS ratings are taken from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second. The MacIntosh and Lisa computers used the Motorola 68000 microprocessor with a rating of 1 MIPS. 10 Calculating the amount in Bill’s pocket: Google makes this easy. Just enter the following in the search box: .01 * 2 ^ ((1986-1975)/2) (replace 1986 with the desired year) 11 Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity in Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, New York, Penguin Group, 2005 12 “ “S” and “U” encoded within the interference patterns of quantum electron waves”, Stanford News Service: http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2009/january28/small-012809.html 13 Many technologists believe that the exponential progress of information technology will ultimately level off.

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LaFontaine, “The Declining American High School Graduation Rate: Evidence, Sources, And Consequences”, NBER Reporter: Research Summary 2008, Number 1, web: http://www.nber.org/reporter/2008number1/heckman.html 17 Literacy study, web: http://nces.ed.gov/naal/estimates/overview.aspx 18 SAT Scores, Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAT 19 “Automation Takes Toll On Offshore Workers” by Paul McDougall, InformationWeek, January 26, 2004. Web: http://www.informationweek.com/news/management/trends/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=17500858 20 “The share of employment potentially affected by offshoring”, Feb 23, 2006, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

pages: 197 words: 59,946

The Thank You Economy
by Gary Vaynerchuk
Published 1 Jan 2010

According to MailerMailer’s metrics report: Anthony Schneider, “Open Rates and Click Rates Are Declining,” Email Transmit Info Center, July 29, 2010. http://infocenter.emailtransmit.com/2010/07/open-rates-and-click-rates-are-declining. They have also changed: “Web banner,” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_ad. At that time, banner ads: Frank D’Angelo, “Happy Birthday, Digital Advertising!” AdvertisingAge.com, October 26, 2009. http://adage.com/digitalnext/article?article_id=139964. Today, banner ad CTR: Dirk Singer, “Happy Birthday Banner Ad…Bet You Wish Click Through Rates Were Still 78%.” http://liesdamnedliesstatistics.com/category/click-through-rate.

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it was common for television series producers: Jim Cox, Sold on Radio (North Carolina: McFarland, 2008). 46. http://books.google.com/books?id=RwVkMMLqMdkC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=%22How%27s+your+Hooper%3F%22&source=bl&ots=qUfAze9xT0&sig=, GNOC0Q7nTJ4gILmjquxsJPdRboU&hl=en&ei=pQOhTKL-N4L88AbZmsyNAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result &resnum=5&ved=0CCYQ6AEwBA#v=onepageq=%22How%27s%20your%20Hooper%3F%22&f=falsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._E._Hooper. In a complete revamping of their marketing strategy: Ilan Brat, “The Emotional Quotient of Soup Shopping,” WSJ.com, February 17, 2010. http://online.wsj.com/article/NA_WSJ_PUB: SB10001424052748704804204575069562743700340.html. “Most Brands Still Irrelevant on Twitter”: http://adage.com/digital/article?

Demystifying Smart Cities
by Anders Lisdorf

Strogatz, Nature 393, 440–442 1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20140803231327/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doitt/downloads/pdf/payphone_rfi.pdf (October 2, 2019) the original RFI for what turned out to be LinkNYC from 2012 www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/923-14/de-blasio-administration-winner-competition-replace-payphones-five-borough (October 2, 2019) press release of the winner of the LinkNYC bid www.citylab.com/life/2015/04/de-blasios-vision-for-new-york-broadband-for-all-by-2025/391092/ (October 2, 2019) an article about Mayor of New York Bill De Blasio’s plan for broadband for all in New York by 2025 www1.nyc.gov/site/doitt/agencies/nycwin.page (October 2, 2019) a description of The New York City Wireless Network, known as NYCWiN www.thethingsnetwork.org (October 5, 2019) a project dedicated to building LoRaWAN solutions Chapter 3 https://dyn.com/blog/dyn-analysis-summary-of-friday-october-21-attack/ (October 2, 2019) the official analysis of the Dyn attack on October 21 https://citiesfordigitalrights.org (October 2, 2019) the official site for the Cities for Digital Rights coalition www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/28/fitness-tracking-app-gives-away-location-of-secret-us-army-bases (October 2, 2019) an article about the Strava fitness tracking incident involving a US Army base https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet (October 2, 2019) a description from Wikipedia of the Stuxnet worm https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.199.pdf (October 2, 2019) the official FIPS 199 standard for categorization of information and information systems https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Information_Security_Management_Act_of_2002 (October 2, 2019) a description of the FISMA framework from Wikipedia https://arrayofthings.github.io/ (October 2, 2019) the official site of the Array of Things project http://maps.nyc.gov/snow/# (October 2, 2019) the PlowNYC site where New Yorkers can track the progress of snow plows during wintertime Chapter 4 https://scijinks.gov/air-quality/ www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics (October 2, 2019) definition of what particulate matter is https://brightplanet.com/2013/06/twitter-firehose-vs-twitter-api-whats-the-difference-and-why-should-you-care/ (October 2, 2019) a description of how the Twitter Firehose works www.waze.com/ccp (October 2, 2019) official site of the Twitter Connected Citizens Program The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing , Peter M.

pages: 796 words: 223,275

The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous
by Joseph Henrich
Published 7 Sep 2020

Thanks to Noel Johnson and Mark Koyama for supplying these data (Johnson and Koyama, 2017). 40. Epstein, 1998; Gimpel, 1976; Kelly and Ó Gráda, 2016; Mokyr, 1990; Van Zanden, 2009a, 2009b. 41. Cantoni and Yuchtman, 2014; Mokyr, 2016. 42. Inkster, 1990; Mokyr, 2016. Also see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino_Ghetaldi and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Bro%C5%BCek. Naturally, the pulsing of this informational network quickened as it catalyzed the creation of new transportation and communication technologies. The development of canals, locks, stagecoaches, and eventually railroads dramatically thickened the nerves in the collective brain.

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It seems that cultural evolution was somehow always aiming at the same target, but jury-rigged a variety of institutional contraptions to get there (Barnes, 1996; Flannery and Marcus, 2012; Gould, 1967; Hamilton, 1987; Henrich, 2016, Chapter 9; Lewis, 2008; Smyth, 1878). 20. Henrich, 2016. Note, I am using the older, and still more common, orthography for “Ju/'hoansi.” For the newer orthography, check out: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juǀ'hoan_language. 21. Bailey, Hill, and Walker, 2014; Chapais, 2009; Lee, 1979, 1986; Marshall, 1959; Walker and Bailey, 2014. In 1964, men had a total of 36 different names, while women had 32 (Lee, 1986; Marshall, 1959). 22. Other supporting social norms further solidify these kin-based links.

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Berman, 1983; Fukuyama, 2011; Gluckman, 2006; Greif, 2006a, 2006c; Greif and Tabellini, 2010; Marshall, 1959. 8. The estimate of 85–90 percent of Christians tracing their cultural lineage back to the Western Church comes from a Pew survey (www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec) and from Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members#Catholic_Church_%E2%80%93_1.285_billion). 9. Mitterauer and Chapple, 2010. In India, China, and Persia, missionaries from the Nestorian and Oriental Churches had to compete with other universalizing religions, sophisticated philosophical visions, and savvy salvation cults.

pages: 708 words: 223,211

The Friendly Orange Glow: The Untold Story of the PLATO System and the Dawn of Cyberculture
by Brian Dear
Published 14 Jun 2017

Retrieved 2015-01-16 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_B._Gillies. CSL quarterly progress report, September 1960. UIUC Archives. Jorden, W. “Soviet Fires Satellite into Space.” New York Times, October 5, 1957, 1. Kosar, K. R. “National Defense Education Act of 1958.” Federal Education Policy History blog, June 3, 2011. Retrieved 2013-07-14 from https://federaleducationpolicy.wordpress.com/2011/06/03/national-defense-education-act-of-1958-2/. “List of Nuclear Weapons Tests of the Soviet Union.” Wikipedia. Retrieved 2015-03-27, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union.

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Retrieved 2015-03-27, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_Soviet_Union. “List of Nuclear Weapons Tests of the United States.” Wikipedia. Retrieved 2015-03-27 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_the_United_States. Skinner. A Matter of Consequences, 132–33. Wolfe. Right Stuff, 57. Unpublished Sources Brown, R., letter to Daniel Alpert, UIUC, May 3, 1960. 3. The Super-Achiever Interview Sources Author interviews: Alpert (1986, 2003a, 2003b); Donald Bitzer (1987, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003); E. Bitzer, S. Bitzer, C. Lampe and J. Lampe (2003); R. Bitzer (2003); Braunfeld (1997); R. Brown (2003); Desmond (2003); Dutcher (2002); Forsyth (2003); Skaperdas (2002).

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Published Sources Hafner. The WELL. Latzko-Toth, G. La co-construction d’un dispositif sociotechnique de communication: le cas de l’internet relay chat. PhD diss., Université du Québec à Montréal, 2010. “On the Internet, Nobody Knows You’re a Dog.” Wikipedia. Retrieved 2014-05-02 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Internet,_nobody_knows_you’re_a_dog. Rheingold, Virtual Community. Woolley, D. “Between PLATO and the Social Media Revolution.” 1983. Retrieved 2013-01-04 from http://just.thinkofit.com/between-plato-and-the-social-media-revolution/. ———. “PLATO: The Emergence of Online Community,” 1994.

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WTF?: What's the Future and Why It's Up to Us
by Tim O'Reilly
Published 9 Oct 2017

For Gibson’s account of its origin, see “The future has arrived,” Quote Investigator, retrieved March 30, 2017, http://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/01/24/future-has-arrived/. 21 a tin of biscuits wrapped in brown paper: I believe I first heard this story from George Simon. It is also recounted in “Alfred Korzybski,” Wikipedia, retrieved March 30, 2017, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski#cite_note-4. 22 sufficiently to use them in real life: Richard Feynman, Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman (New York: Norton, 1984), 212. 22 “Their knowledge is so fragile!”: Ibid., 36. CHAPTER 2: TOWARD A GLOBAL BRAIN 23 “The Open Source Paradigm Shift”: Tim O’Reilly, “The Open Source Paradigm Shift,” in Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software, ed.

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Note that Joshua Schachter had earlier used # as a symbol for tags in his link-saving site del.icio.us. 42 during the San Diego wildfires: Chris Messina, “Twitter Hashtags for Emergency Coordination and Disaster Relief,” retrieved March 29, 2017, https://factoryjoe.com/2007/10/22/twitter-hashtags-for-emergency-coordination-and-disaster-relief/. 42 The app had already begun showing “trending topics”: “To Trend or Not to Trend,” Twitter Blog, retrieved March 29, 2017, https://blog.twitter.com/2010/to-trend-or-not-to-trend. 43 features that the platform developer itself hadn’t imagined: “Twitpic,” retrieved March 29, 2017, https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/TwitPic. 43 Jim Hanrahan posted the first tweet: Jim Hanrahan, Twitter update, retrieved March 29, 2017, https://twitter.com/highfours/status/1121908186. 43 passengers standing on the wing of the downed plane: “There’s a plane in the Hudson. I’m on the ferry going to pick up the people.

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This language is no longer present on the Apple site as of March 30, 2017, https://www.apple.com/apple-pay/. 79 automatically debit your account: “Introducing Amazon Go,” Amazon, retrieved March 30, 2017, https://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=1600 8589011. 81 income and demographics: Sizing the Internet Opportunity (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2004). 82 till the end of 1993: “Robert McCool,” Wikipedia, retrieved March 30, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McCool. 82 opposed to the idea of third-party apps on the iPhone: Killian Bell, “Steve Jobs Was Originally Dead Set Against Third-Party Apps for the iPhone,” Cult of Mac, October 21, 2011, http://www.cultofmac.com/125180/steve-jobs-was-originally-dead-set-against-third-party-apps-for-the-iphone/. 81 skeptical of the peer-to-peer model: Stone, The Upstarts, 199–200. 86 “how the world *does* work”: Aaron Levie, Twitter update, August 22, 2013, https://twitter.com/levie/status/370776444013510656.

pages: 678 words: 160,676

The Upswing: How America Came Together a Century Ago and How We Can Do It Again
by Robert D. Putnam
Published 12 Oct 2020

We return to the issue of race and polarization in Chapter 6. 56 These six key votes were Obama’s stimulus package, Dodd-Frank financial regulation, Lily Ledbetter gender pay equity, Obamacare (first creating it and then overturning it), and the 2017 Trump tax cuts. 57 See Jane Mayer, Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right (New York: Doubleday, 2016); Theda Skocpol and Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, “The Koch Network and Republican Party Extremism,” 14, no. 3 (September 2016): 681–99, doi:10.1017/S1537592716001122; and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell_Jr.#Powell_Memorandum. 58 McCarty, Polarization, 3. Thomas E. Mann and Norman J. Ornstein, It’s Even Worse than It Looks: How the American Constitutional System Collided with the New Politics of Extremism, new and expanded edition (New York: Basic Books, 2016), also have emphasized the asymmetry of the recent polarization.

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Dionne, Our Divided Political Heart: The Battle for the American Idea in an Age of Discontent (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012), with whose argument about the back-and-forth between individualism and community over American history this chapter has much in common. 6 Perhaps the single most influential book on individualism and community of the final decades of the twentieth century and one of the first to call attention to the incipient shift toward excessive individualism was Robert N. Bellah, William M. Sullivan, Steven M. Tipton, Richard Madsen, and Ann Swidler, Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985). 7 “Overton Window,” in Wikipedia, November 18, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Overton_window&oldid=926722212. 8 James T. Kloppenberg, Toward Democracy: The Struggle for Self-Rule in European and American Thought (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 633–702; Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848, The Oxford History of the United States (unnumbered) (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); William Lee Miller, Lincoln’s Virtues: An Ethical Biography (New York: Alfred A.

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See also his presidential address to the American Historical Association, 1910, in which he contrasted the individualism of the frontier years with the emerging need for a new democratic sensibility he identified with the progressive reformers: American Historical Review 16, no. 2 (1910): 217–33, https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/presidential-addresses/frederick-jackson-turner. 10 Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, and Mesay Gebresilasse, “Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of ‘Rugged Individualism’ in the United States,” Working Paper 23997 (National Bureau of Economic Research), November 2017, 23997, doi:10.3386/w23997. 11 Spencer was allegedly “the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century,” according to “Herbert Spencer,” in Wikipedia, October 26, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Spencer&oldid=923093648. 12 H. W. Brands, American Colossus: The Triumph of Capitalism, 1865–1900 (New York: Doubleday, 2010), 558–59. 13 Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Stony the Road: Reconstruction, White Supremacy, and the Rise of Jim Crow (New York: Penguin, 2019); Daniel Okrent, The Guarded Gate: Bigotry, Eugenics, and the Law That Kept Two Generations of Jews, Italians, and Other European Immigrants out of America (New York: Scribner, 2019). 14 James T.

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Beautiful security
by Andy Oram and John Viega
Published 15 Dec 2009

Recently, Jose Nazario released PhoneyC (http://svn.mwcollect.org/log/phoneyc), which focuses on the automatic browser script deobfuscation and analysis. # The source code is at http://www.synacklabs.net/honeyclient/email-honeyclient.zip. * See the Wikipedia entry on honeyclients: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyclient. OPEN SOURCE HONEYCLIENT: PROACTIVE DETECTION OF CLIENT-SIDE EXPLOITS 145 The Future of Honeyclients There are over 240 million websites on the Internet today (and of course the number keeps growing by leaps and bounds), and there’s not one group that can cover all of those websites with honeyclient technology.

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We can classify logfiles by the source that produced them, since it usually broadly determines the type of information they contain. For example, system logfiles produced by Unix, Linux, and Windows systems are different from network device logs produced by routers, switches, * In the interest of accountability, I’ll note that this definition began the Wikipedia entry on “Accountability” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accountability), last accessed on January 10, 2009. 214 CHAPTER THIRTEEN and other network gear from Cisco, Nortel, and Lucent. Similarly, security appliance logs produced by firewalls, intrusion detection or prevention systems, and messaging security appliances are very different from both system and network logs.

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One of the survivors of this devastation was the advertising industry, who hit the mother lode when they enthusiastically embraced the Internet. Their Holy Grail was targeted advertising, and they recognized opportunity in the unprecedented ability of digital networks to record and * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_notable_computer_viruses_and_worms. CASTING SPELLS: PC SECURITY THEATER 249 sift through data. They therefore rushed to mine user accounts and track surfing habits to build statistics on behavior, preferences, location, etc. They then sold this information to others to design targeted advertising based on real-world data.

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Mining the Social Web: Finding Needles in the Social Haystack
by Matthew A. Russell
Published 15 Jan 2011

Using NetworkX to find cliques in graphs (friends_followers__clique_analysis.py) # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys import json import networkx as nx G = sys.argv[1] g = nx.read_gpickle(G) # Finding cliques is a hard problem, so this could # take awhile for large graphs. # See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP-complete and # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique_problem cliques = [c for c in nx.find_cliques(g)] num_cliques = len(cliques) clique_sizes = [len(c) for c in cliques] max_clique_size = max(clique_sizes) avg_clique_size = sum(clique_sizes) / num_cliques max_cliques = [c for c in cliques if len(c) == max_clique_size] num_max_cliques = len(max_cliques) max_clique_sets = [set(c) for c in max_cliques] people_in_every_max_clique = list(reduce(lambda x, y: x.intersection(y), max_clique_sets)) print 'Num cliques:', num_cliques print 'Avg clique size:', avg_clique_size print 'Max clique size:', max_clique_size print 'Num max cliques:', num_max_cliques print print 'People in all max cliques:' print json.dumps(people_in_every_max_clique, indent=4) print print 'Max cliques:' print json.dumps(max_cliques, indent=4) Sample output from the script follows for Tim O’Reilly’s 600+ friendships and reveals some interesting insights.

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* * * [12] Quite understandably, nobody has had a good enough reason (yet) to be the first to defend against multimillion-dollar litigation cases to find out whether the terms of use imposed by some social media sites are even enforceable. Hence, the status quo (to date) has been to play by the rules and back down when approached about possible infringements. [13] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable for an overview, or RFC 2045 if you are interested in the nuts and bolts. mbox + CouchDB = Relaxed Email Analysis Using the right tool for the job can significantly streamline the effort involved in analyzing data. While the most obvious approach for analyzing the structured data might be to spend some extra time creating an a priori schema, importing data into it, modifying the schema because there’s something we forgot about, and then repeating the process yet a few more times, this surely wouldn’t be a very relaxing[14] thing to do.

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Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy--And How to Make Them Work for You
by Sangeet Paul Choudary , Marshall W. van Alstyne and Geoffrey G. Parker
Published 27 Mar 2016

Denise Dubie, “Microsoft Struggling to Convince about Vista,” Computerworld UK, November 19, 2007, http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/it-vendors/microsoft-struggling-to-convince-about-vista-6258/. 9. Robin Bloor, “10 Reasons Why Vista is a Disaster,” Inside Analysis, December 18, 2007, http://insideanalysis.com/2007/12/10-reasons-why-vista-is-a-disaster/2/. 10. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Vista and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP. 11. Steve Lohr and John Markoff, “Windows Is So Slow, but Why?” New York Times, March 27, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/27/technology/27soft.html?_r=1. 12. Carliss Young Baldwin and Kim B. Clark, Design Rules: The Power of Modularity, vol. 1 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000). 13.

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Wolfram Knowledgebase, https://www.wolfram.com/knowledgebase/. Accessed May 30, 2015. 10. “Politicians,” Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, https://www.cpib .gov.sg/cases-interest/cases-involving-public-sector-officers/politicians. Accessed October 13, 2015. 11. “Corrupt Perceptions Index,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index, accessed October 13, 2015; B. Podobnik, J. Shao, D. Njavro, P. C. Ivanov, and H. E. Stanley, “Influence of Corruption on Economic Growth Rate and Foreign Investment,” European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems 63, no. 4:547–50. 12. Estimate based on data from Wolfram Knowledgebase.

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Smarter Than You Think: How Technology Is Changing Our Minds for the Better
by Clive Thompson
Published 11 Sep 2013

In 1990, psychologist Walter Kintsch documented this: Gabriel A. Radvansky, “Situation Models in Memory: Texts and Stories,” in Cohen and Conway, eds., Memory in the Real World, 229–31. the Wikipedia page on “Drone attacks in Pakistan”: “Drone attacks in Pakistan,” Wikipedia, accessed March 24, 2013, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_attacks_in_Pakistan. 40 percent of all queries are acts of remembering: Jaime Teevan, Eytan Adar, Rosie Jones, and Michael A. S. Potts, “Information Re-Retrieval: Repeat Queries in Yahoo’s Logs,” in SIGIR ’07: Proceedings of the 30th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (2007), 151–58.

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there are not quite thirty-five hundred: “Wikipedia Statistics English,” Wikipedia, stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm. When I last accessed this page on March 24, 2013, it showed that the number of contributors who made more than one hundred edits in January 2013 was 3,414. the really committed folks—the administrators: “Wikipedia:List of administrators,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_administrators. When I last accessed this page on March 24, 2013, it listed the number of active administrators as 690. The role of administrators in dealing with vandalism is noted in Joseph Michael Reagle Jr., Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), Kindle edition.

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“Mutual respect and a reasonable approach to disagreement”: Jimbo Wales, “Letter from the Founder,” Wikimedia Foundation, September 2004, accessed March 24, 2013, wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Founder_letter/Founder_letter_Sept_2004. Wikipedia’s Five Pillars of self-governance: “Wikipedia:Five pillars,” accessed March 24, 2103, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars. “there is plenty of time to stop and ask questions . . . they need to be cordial on Wikipedia”: Reagle, Good Faith Collaboration, Kindle edition. social scientists tested different techniques of brainstorming: Frans Johansson, The Medici Effect: What Elephants and Epidemics Can Teach Us about Innovation (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2006), 108–10; and Susan Cain, Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking (New York: Crown, 2012), Kindle edition.

pages: 458 words: 116,832

The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism
by Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias
Published 19 Aug 2019

Mitchell, “Infrastructure of Our Economy.” 38. Wu, Attention Merchants, 335. 39. For an overview of these critiques, see Wikipedia Contributors, “Criticism of Apple Inc.” accessed February 5, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Apple_Inc. 40. Rhode, “Biggest Innovation.” 41. For an overview of these critiques, see Wikipedia Contributors, “Criticism of Facebook,” accessed February 7, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Facebook. 42. Global Voices, “Can Facebook Connect?” 43. All figures come from Google’s own corporate reports. 44. Krazit, “Public Cloud.” 45. Schiller, Digital Depression, 81–82. 46.

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Wissinger, “Blood, Sweat, and Tears.” 104. Iyengar and Rayport, “Like Software.” 105. Turow, Aisles Have Eyes, 179, 180, 185. 106. Alexa, for example, gives the user the opportunity to empty the archive but at the risk of “degrading” the service. Wikipedia Contributors, “Amazon Alexa,” accessed February 26, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_Alexa&oldid=828449372. For US privacy concerns, see Manikonda, Deotale, and Kambhampati, “What’s Up with Privacy?” 107. Chung et al., “Alexa.” 108. Didžiokaitė, Saukko, and Greiffenhagen, “Beyond the Metaphor,” 9. 109. Lupton, “Domains of Quantified Selves,” 1. 110.

Words That Work: It's Not What You Say, It's What People Hear
by Dr. Frank Luntz
Published 2 Jan 2007

Simply Speaking, by Peggy Noonan, Regan Books, 1998, pp. 46–57, as quoted on PBS website: www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/sfeature/sf_noonan/html 2. http://kerry.senate.gov/low/record.cfm?id=189831 3. http://www.breitbart.com/news/2005/10/06/D8D2IU703.html 4. “G.K. Chesterton: Prophet of Mirth,” by Philip Yancey, in Orthodoxy by G.K. Chesterton, page xxi. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_picture_is_worth_a_thousand_words 6. http://1000words.wordherders.net/archives/000385.html 7. Ken Gross, “First Round to Lexus: Infiniti is outsold four-to-one—but the battle’s just begun,” Automotive Industries, June 1990, Vol. 170, No. 6, p. 21. 8. CNN.com transcript of Harold Ford’s speech to Democratic National Convention, August 15, 2000. 9.

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“He’s champing at the bid; Eager to stand out, presidential hopeful Dennis Kucinich takes the ‘Seabiscuit’ hook by the reins,” by Reed Johnson, The Los Angeles Times, August 4, 2003. 3. Associated Press, Aug. 1, 2005. 4. Billy Wilder’s definition of “the Lubitsch touch” in Conversations with Wilder, by Cameron Crowe, p. 113. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention 6. http://www.nationalreview.com/symposium/symposium200407300206.asp 7. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41425 8. “The Vietnam Effect in 2004,” (Book Review), The Hill, by Deborah Kalb, January 27, 2004. 9. MSNBC Transcript, Scarborough Country, October 22, 2004. 10.

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Emergence Slogan Survey, BusinessWeek, Kiley, Oct. 2004. 15. Emergence Slogan Survey, BusinessWeek, Kiley, Oct. 2004. 16. “Ad Track,” USA Today, May 23, 2005, by Michael McCarthy. 17. Real Time with Bill Maher, October 1, 2004. 18. PBS Web site, The American Experience, People and Events: Carter’s “Crisis of Confidence” Speech. 19. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_(television_commercial) Chapter VII: Corporate Case Studies 1. Interview with Jack Welch, July 2006. 2. Interview with Steve Wynn, June 2006. Chapter VIII: Political Case Studies 1. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/e/edwardrmu106342.html 2. Ralph Hallow, “GOP Unveils Down-The-Stretch Ad Blitz,” The Washington Times, Page A1. 3.

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The Geek Way: The Radical Mindset That Drives Extraordinary Results
by Andrew McAfee
Published 14 Nov 2023

The Streaming Platform Raised $1.75 Billion and Secured a Roster of A-List Talent, but It Can’t Get Audiences to Notice,” Vulture, July 6, 2020, www.vulture.com/2020/07/is-anyone-watching-quibi.html. 17 Quibi, which Katzenberg unveiled: “Quibi,” Wikipedia, last modified January 22, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quibi. 18 Hollywood A-listers: Brian Heater, “The Short, Strange Life of Quibi,” TechCrunch, October 23, 2020, https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/23/the-short-strange-life-of-quibi/. 19 how many times the app was downloaded: “Quibi,” Wikipedia. 20 number 3 in the Apple app store: Sarah Perez, “Quibi Gains 300k Launch Day Downloads, Hits No. 3 on App Store,” TechCrunch, April 7, 2020, https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/07/quibi-gains-300k-launch-day-downloads-hits-no-3-on-app-store/. 21 1.7 million downloads in the first week: “Quibi Reaches 1.7m Downloads in the First Week,” BBC News, April 13, 2020, www.bbc.com/news/technology-52275692. 22 “Yep, Quibi Is Bad”: Kathryn VanArendonk, “Yep, Quibi Is Bad,” Vulture, April 24, 2020, www.vulture.com/2020/04/the-bites-are-quick-and-bad.html. 23 “I attribute everything”: Nicole Sperling, “Jeffrey Katzenberg Blames Pandemic for Quibi’s Rough Start,” New York Times, May 11, 2020. www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/business/media/jeffrey-katzenberg-quibi-coronavirus.html. 24 TikTok, for example: Adario Strange, “Netflix’s New Short Video Strategy Aims to Succeed Where Quibi Failed,” Quartz, November 9, 2021, https://qz.com/2086948/netflixs-new-short-video-strategy-could-prove-quibi-was-right. 25 puzzling shortcomings: Wallace, “Is Anyone Watching Quibi?”

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Kimenye, Eunice Mailu, Enos Masini, Philip Owiti, and David Rand, “Digital Health Support in Treatment for Tuberculosis,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 381, no. 10 (2019), 986–87, https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc1806550. 31 “everybody has plans until they get hit”: “Everybody Has Plans Until They Get Hit for the First Time,” Quote Investigator, accessed February 13, 2023, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2021/08/25/plans-hit/. 32 “On Aims and Methods of Ethology”: Nikolaas Tinbergen, “On Aims and Methods of Ethology,” Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, vol. 20, no. 4 (1963), 410–33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x. 33 “List of Cognitive Biases”: “List of Cognitive Biases,” Wikipedia, accessed February 13, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases. 34 “Judgment Under Uncertainty”: Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases,” Science, vol. 185, no. 4157 (1974), 1124–31, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124. 35 “Nobody is ever going to invent an ethics class”: “Business Ethics,” Jonathan Haidt (blog), accessed February 13, 2023, https://jonathanhaidt.com/business-ethics/.

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Boudette, “Tesla Fixes Model 3 Flaw, Getting Consumer Reports to Change Review,” New York Times, May 30, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/05/30/business/tesla-consumer-reports.html. 64 two-thirds of all the payload: Kate Duffy, “Elon Musk Says SpaceX Is Aiming to Launch Its Most-Used Rocket Once a Week on Average This Year,” Business Insider, February 4, 2022, www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-falcon-9-rocket-launch-every-week-payload-2022-2. 65 2018 NASA report: Harry Jones, “The Recent Large Reduction in Space Launch Cost,” 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 2018. 66 presentation Musk gave: Dave Mosher, “Elon Musk Just Gave the Most Revealing Look Yet at the Rocket Ship SpaceX Is Building to Fly to the Moon and Mars,” Business Insider, September 22, 2018, www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-pictures-big-falcon-rocket-spaceship-2018-9. 67 made out of stainless steel: Ryan Whitwam, “Elon Musk Explains Why the Starship Will Be Stainless Steel,” ExtremeTech, January 24, 2019, www.extremetech.com/extreme/284346-elon-musk-explains-why-the-starship-will-be-stainless-steel. 68 “Everything for Starship”: Florian Kordina, “SLS vs. Starship: Why Do Both Programs Exist?,” Everyday Astronaut, May 1, 2020, https://everydayastronaut.com/sls-vs-starship/. 69 Kordina was right: “List of SpaceX Starship Flight Tests,” Wikipedia, February 5, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_SpaceX_Starship_flight_tests. 70 $2.9 billion contract: Kenneth Chang, “SpaceX Wins NASA $2.9 Billion Contract to Build Moon Lander,” New York Times, April 16, 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/04/16/science/spacex-moon-nasa.html. 71 maiden flight was originally scheduled for 2016: Christopher Cokinos, “By the Numbers: The Space Launch System, NASA’s Next Moon Rocket,” Astronomy, September 2, 2022, https://astronomy.com/news/2022/09/by-the-numbers-the-space-launch-system-nasas-next-moon-rocket. 72 “no unusual engineering hurdles”: David W.

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Electronic and Algorithmic Trading Technology: The Complete Guide
by Kendall Kim
Published 31 May 2007

The emergence of new niche players in the algorithmic market has created variety among market makers but does not seem to pose a serious threat to bigger Wall Street broker-dealers. There will 1 2 3 Eric Goldberg, ‘‘Algorithm Panel Q&A,’’ FIXGlobal 1, no. 4 (2004): 10. Wikipedia contributors, s.v. ‘‘FIX protocol,’’ Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http:// en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title¼FIX_protocol&oldid¼94663821 (accessed February 6, 2007). Bruno Biais, Christophe Bisiere, and Chester Spatt, ‘‘Imperfect Competition in Financial Markets: Island vs. NASDAQ,’’ 14th Annual Utah Winter Finance Conference, AFA/EFA, November 16, 2003. Abstract. http://ssrn.com/abstract¼302398 or DOI 10.2139/ssrn.302398. 4 Electronic and Algorithmic Trading Technology always be niche players, but noncompetitive market makers are likely to step aside, while the better ones will form alliances or be acquired by larger participants.

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Client order handling MiFID has requirements relating to the information that needs to be captured when accepting client orders, ensuring that a firm is acting in a client’s best interests and as to how orders for different clients may be aggregated. (continues) 2 Wikipedia contributors, s.v. ‘‘Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID),’’ Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiFID. 134 Electronic and Algorithmic Trading Technology Table 12.1 Comparison Between Reg NMS and MiFID Reg NMS Current regulatory framework ITS Plan Securities Exchange Act Regulatory authority SEC To be applied from Trading venue classifications To be determined Fast markets Slow markets Best execution approach NBBO as defined benchmark Objectives Modernize and strengthen the NMS Reflect changes, ranging from new technologies to new types of markets and to structural changes MiFID Investment Services Directive and its implementation in the national laws of the EU member states EU Commission and competent authorities of EU member states Tentatively Nov 2007 Regulated markets MTRs Systematic Internalizers Best results based on a multitude of parameters Best Execution Policy to be defined individually by Investment Firms Establish a regulatory framework to promote an efficient, transparent, and integrated financial trading infrastructure Strengthen provisions governing investment services, with a view to protecting investors and fostering market integrity Extend the scope of the ISD, in terms of both financial services and financial instruments covered Reinforce cooperation between competent authorities Source: Peter Gomber and Markus Gsell, Catching Up with Technology: The Impact of Regulatory Changes on ECNs/MTFs.

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Designing Web Interfaces: Principles and Patterns for Rich Interactions
by Bill Scott and Theresa Neil
Published 15 Dec 2008

Virtual Pages By revealing dynamic content and using animation, we can extend the virtual space of the page. Process Flow Instead of moving from page to page, sometimes we can create a flow within a page itself. * * * [22] You can see a demonstration of this at http://www.usd.edu/psyc301/ChangeBlindness.htm. [23] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_blindness. Chapter 5. Overlays Overlays are really just lightweight pop ups. We use the term lightweight to make a clear distinction between it and the normal idea of a browser pop up. Browser pop ups are created as a new browser window (Figure 5-1). Lightweight overlays are shown within the browser page as an overlay (Figure 5-2).

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When they start drawing a line, they can hover over another line edge telling Sketchup that this is their reference. Then it is trivial to draw a line parallel or perpendicular to the reference line (Figure 10-21). Figure 10-21. Google Sketchup uses just-in-time inferences while the user is drawing * * * [37] Clippy's official name was Clippit. For the full scoop on Clippy, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Assistant. More Content Invitation In Chapter 6 we discussed Virtual Pages, a technique for making more content available to a page than is currently visible. The Yahoo! home page employed this in its redesign in 2006 (Figure 10-22). Figure 10-22. Yahoo! home page contains more content than is statically visible The Yahoo!

pages: 271 words: 62,538

The Best Interface Is No Interface: The Simple Path to Brilliant Technology (Voices That Matter)
by Golden Krishna
Published 10 Feb 2015

hl=en-US&q=app,+one+direction,+/m/02m-jmr,+justin+bieber&cmpt=q&content=1#q=app%2C%20one%20direction%2C%20justin%20bieber%2C%20God&date=1%2F2012%2025m&cmpt=q 43 “Karl Benz patented the three-wheeled motor car in 1886.” Lauren Cox, “Who Invented the Car?,” Live Science, June 18, 2013. http://www.livescience.com/37538-who-invented-the-car.html 44 “Cheek to Cheek,” Wikipedia, Last accessed August 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheek_to_Cheek 45 Matt Carmichael, “Edward Tufte: The AdAgeStat Q&A,” Advertising Age, November 9, 2011. http://adage.com/article/adagestat/edward-tufte-adagestat-q-a/230884/ 46 “2000 . . . Siemens’ Electronics wins a PACE Award for a deceptively simple device. Easily seen as just a replacement for the mechanical key, simply carrying Siemens’ Keyless-Go, a credit card-sized transponder, allows the driver to walk up to a locked vehicle, open the door, and press a button to get under way

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The restarted match (the World Chess Championship 1985) was best of 24, with the champion (Karpov) to retain his title if the match was tied 12–12. Because Karpov’s two-point lead from the 1984 match was wiped out, Karpov was granted the right of a return match (the World Chess Championship 1986) if he lost.” “World Chess Championship 1984,” Wikipedia, Last accessed October 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984 8 15:37 (Talk show interview) 21:00 “How do you make a computer blink?” 1:04:08 (Head in hands) (Viewable online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtMdMmrfipY) Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine. Directed by Vikram Jayanti. Ontario: Alliance Atlantis Communications, 2003. 9 “The 1997 match took place not on a standard stage, but rather in a small television studio.

Designing the Mind: The Principles of Psychitecture
by Designing The Mind and Ryan A Bush
Published 10 Jan 2021

Hedy Kober et al., “Regulation of Craving by Cognitive Strategies in Cigarette Smokers,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 106, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 52–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.017. Robert Alan Burton, On Being Certain: Believing You Are Right Even When You’re Not, Reprint edition (St. Martin’s Press, 2008). “Map–Territory Relation,” in Wikipedia, October 30, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Map%E2%80%93territory_relation&oldid=986243721. Henry Markovits and Guilaine Nantel, “The Belief-Bias Effect in the Production and Evaluation of Logical Conclusions,” Memory & Cognition 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 11–17, https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03199552. Steven Novella and Yale School of Medicine, Your Deceptive Mind:A Scientific Guide to Critical Thinking Skills (the great courses, 2012).

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Blain et al., “Apophenia as the Disposition to False Positives: A Unifying Framework for Openness and Psychoticism,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 129, no. 3 (2020): 279–92, https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000504. Alexander Alvarez, “Destructive Beliefs: Genocide and the Role of Ideology,” 2008. “Cognitive Bias,” in Wikipedia, November 24, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive_bias&oldid=990416478. Buster Benson, “Cognitive Bias Cheat Sheet, Simplified,” Medium, April 2, 2019, https://medium.com/thinking-is-hard/4-conundrums-of-intelligence-2ab78d90740f. “The Illusion of Transparency: Biased Assessments of Others’ Ability to Read One’s Emotional States. - PsycNET,” accessed November 25, 2020, https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?

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Industrial Internet
by Jon Bruner
Published 27 Mar 2013

fac_Name=Grand+Coulee+Powerplant [28] http://openxcplatform.com/ [29] https://ifttt.com [30] http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596001087.do [31] http://codeforamerica.org/ [32] Photo by Alex Beltyukov, 2011, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported. Via http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_787-8_N787BA_cockpit.jpg [33] http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/snapshots/slides/?slide=6 [34] http://radar.oreilly.com/2013/02/masking-the-complexity-of-the-machine.html [35] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermiling [36] https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/01/15/E9-31362/positive-train-control-systems#t-1 [37] http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/100885/000119312513045658/d477110d10k.htm [38] A full description of the impact of data on health care is beyond the scope of this paper.

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The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 31 Dec 2009

October 29, 2003. http://people-press.org/commentary/?analysisid= 71 76 Speulda, Nicole, and Mary McIntosh. “Global Gender Gaps.” Pew Global Attitudes Project. May 13, 2004. http://pewglobal.org/commentary/display.php?AnalysisID=90 77 Ibid. 78 Ibid. 79 Brokeback Mountain. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain. 80 Will and Grace. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_&_Grace 81 Saad, L. “The Gallup Poll: Tolerance for Gay Rights at High-Water Mark.” Gallup Poll News Service. May 29, 2007. www.galluppoll.com 82 Ibid. 83 “Religious Beliefs Underpin Opposition to Homosexuality: Republicans Unified, Democrats Split on Gay Marriage.”

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December 17, 2002. p. 72. 124 “Asia ‘Wakes Up’ to Animal Welfare: Caring for Animals Is Not Just a Western Whim—Millions of People in Asian Countries Think Animal Welfare Is Important, a Mori Poll Has Discovered.” BBC News. March 17, 2005. 125 McNeil, Donald G., Jr. “When Human Rights Extend to Nonhumans.” Dallas Morning News. July 31, 2008. 126 Kitching, C. “Agassiz Has Gone to the Dogs.” Daily Graphic. August 2003. 127 “Six Degrees of Separation.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six _ degrees _ of _ separation 128 Karinthy, F. “Chain-links.” Translated from Hungarian and annotated by Adam Makkai and Eniko Janko. Cited in “Six Degrees of Separation.” Wikipedia. 129 de Sola Pool, Ithiel, and Manfred Kochen. “Contacts and Influence.” Social Networks. Vol. 1. No. 1. 1978-1979. p. 42. 130 Travers, Jeffrey, and Milgram Stanley.

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“GM Installs World’s Biggest Rooftop Solar Panels.” The Guardian. July 9, 2008. www.guardian.co.uk 9 Bohannon, J. “Distributed Computing: Grassroots Supercomputing.” Science. Vol. 308. No. 5723. May 6, 2005. pp. 810-813. 10 Ibid. 11 “List of Distributed Computing Projects.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distributed_computing_projects 12 Bohannon. “Distributed Computing: Grassroots Supercomputing.” 13 Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations. New York: Doubleday, 2004. p. xiii. 14 Tapscott, Don, and Anthony D.

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On the Edge: The Art of Risking Everything
by Nate Silver
Published 12 Aug 2024

GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT amount of rainfall: “List of Countries by Average Annual Precipitation,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_average_annual_precipitation&oldid=1192465548. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT poor soil quality: Per interview with Jacklyn Chapsky. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT world’s highest rates: “List of Sovereign States by Wealth Inequality,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_by_wealth_inequality&oldid=1190195353. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT GDPs per capita: “GDP per Capita (Current US$)—Latin America & Caribbean,” World Bank Open Data, data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?

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GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Whether or not the stereotype: Samson Tse et al., “Examination of Chinese Gambling Problems Through a Socio-Historical-Cultural Perspective,” The Scientific World Journal 10 (2010): 1694–704, doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.167. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT point-shaving scandal: “1978–79 Boston College Basketball Point-Shaving Scandal,” Wikipedia, August 17, 2023, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1978%E2%80%9379_Boston_College_basketball_point-shaving_scandal&oldid=1170906310. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT about 60 cents: Stanford Wong, Professional Blackjack (Las Vegas: Pi Yee Press, 2011), Kindle ed., 33. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT record corporate profits: U.S.

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.”: Joe Carlsmith, “Infinite Ethics and the Utilitarian Dream,” September 2022, jc.gatspress.com/pdf/infinite_ethics_revised.pdf. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT as high as people: “GRE Scores by Major,” Educational Testing Service, 2011, umsl.edu/~philo/files/pdfs/ETS%20LINK.pdf. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT same for dogs: “List of Animals by Number of Neurons,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_animals_by_number_of_neurons&oldid=1192618831. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT defense of bestiality: Peter Singer (@PeterSinger), “Another thought-provoking article is ‘Zoophilia Is Morally Permissible’ by Fira Bensto (Pseudonym), which is just out in the current issue of @JConIdeas…,” X, November 8, 2023, twitter.com/PeterSinger/status/1722440246972018857.

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Gusher of Lies: The Dangerous Delusions of Energy Independence
by Robert Bryce
Published 16 Mar 2011

Sean Coughlan, “Do Flat-Screen TVs Eat More Energy?” BBC News Magazine, December 7, 2006. Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/ 6188940.stm. 5. Rebecca Smith, “New Power Plants Fueled by Coal Are Put on Hold,” Wall Street Journal, July 25, 2007, A1. Doubling estimates available: http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Doubling_time. 6. Rebecca Smith, “U.S. Electricity Demand Is Outpacing New Resources, Report Warns,” Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2006, A2. 7. Three Mile Island operated two reactors until the accident in 1979; Exelon data. Available: http://www.exeloncorp.com/NR/rdonlyres/122C645B-58D1-48 DB-9B7D-7FACD0ABEA11/959/ThreeMileIslandPlantFactSheetInternet.pdf. 8.

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CNNMoney.com, “Hybrid Sales Growth Trailing Off,” February 26, 2007. Available: http://money.cnn.com/2007/02/26/autos/hybrid_sales. 14. Peter W. Huber and Mark P. Mills, The Bottomless Well, 109. 15. Ibid., 111–112. 16. Vaclav Smil, Energy at the Crossroads, 167. 17. Ibid., 332. 18. For more on this topic, see Wikipedia. Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Jevons_paradox. 344 Notes to Chapter 12 19. Smil, op. cit., 335. 20. Labonte and Makinen, op. cit. CHAPTER 12 1. Schmidt interview with the author, March 9, 2007, via telephone. 2. California Progress Report, “President Clinton: Why I Support Proposition 87 and Why the Oil Companies Are Wrong—The Complete Speech Delivered at UCLA,” October 14, 2006.

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In addition to being the chairman of SABIC, he is also the chairman of the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu and the chairman of the Power and Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu. 3. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2006/snapshots/4091 .html. 4. http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2006. 5. Rachel Layne and Sean Cronin, “Saudi Basic to Buy GE Plastics Unit for $11.6 Billion,” Bloomberg, May 21, 2007. Available: http://www.bloomberg.com/ apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=a66TqOQoyF14&refer=us. 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_Centre. 7. OPEC. Available: http://www.opec.org/home/PowerPoint/Downstream %20Constraints/OPECDownstreamexpplans.htm. CHAPTER 19 1. Yadullah Ijtehadi, “Lack of Office Space Sees Dubai Shoot Up Rental List,” Emirates Today, July 3, 2006. 2. EIA data. Available: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/UAE/Oil.html. 3.

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Geek Heresy: Rescuing Social Change From the Cult of Technology
by Kentaro Toyama
Published 25 May 2015

Rossi recognized that no program works without motivation and capacity among those whom it is meant to help, but he felt it was beyond intentional policy to address this deficiency, saying, “It is likely that large scale personality changes are beyond the reach of social policy institutions in a democratic society.” This is a critical point that is addressed in Part 2 – I believe he gave up too easily. 41.Yunus (1999), p. 140. 42.Ibid., p. 205. 43.Wikipedia (n.d.), “FINCA International,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FINCA_International. 44.Kiva.org (n.d.). 45.Opportunity International (n.d.). 46.Yunus (1999), pp. 135–137. 47.Based on data available at MixMarket (2014). The estimate is low because it includes only organizations registered with the exchange at the time and excludes microcredit activities in the developed world. 48.Heeks (2009). 49.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2014a).

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52.For a scathing attack on positive psychology and superficial recommendations for happiness, see Barbara Ehrenreich (2009). She chronicles her exasperation with the Pollyannaish positive psychology she encountered during her battle with breast cancer. 53.Wikipedia (n.d.), “Don’t Worry, Be Happy,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Worry,_Be_Happy. 54.I don’t mean to be unsympathetic to people who can’t pay their rent despite doing everything they can to make a decent living; nor am I denying structural causes of poverty. Some social circumstances are nearly impossible to make work. My point, rather, is that there is no simple path to happiness, and simply redirecting our aim toward happiness doesn’t in and of itself address the cause of unhappiness.

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The finding that the greatest gains come from following intrinsically motivated goals occurs in Sheldon and Kasser (1998). 7.This process is also confirmed by Sheldon and Elliot (1999): “Those who are progressing well in their goals during a period of time are accumulating activity-based experiences of competence, autonomy, and relatedness during that time, more so when their goals are self-concordant.” 8.Richard Auty (1993) first identified and named the resource curse. Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner (1999) linked the resource curse to economic stunting. 9.The “Dutch disease” was so named by Economist (1977), according to Wikipedia’s article on “Dutch Disease” (n.d.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_disease. 10.Erling Larsen (2004) discusses how Norway appears to have avoided the resource curse, though there are indications that it’s not fully clear of Dutch disease. Meanwhile, Norway’s admirable contributions to international aid are documented in many places. Revkin (2008) notes how it upped its aid contributions during a recession. 11.Agyare (2014). 12.I met Awuah when I taught math at Ashesi in 2002, and we’ve had many discussions since then about university education, Ghana, and development.

Alone on the Ice: The Greatest Survival Story in the History of Exploration
by David Roberts
Published 28 Jan 2013

—Cannot write”: Shackleton, Heart of the Antarctic, 353. 79 By December 1, three of them: Rosove, Let Heroes Speak, 152. 79 But before the men could make: Shackleton, Heart of the Antarctic, 310. 80 “We have shot our bolt”: Ibid., 343. 80 Experts have wondered: Huntford, Shackleton, 271–73. 80 “Shackleton had set”: Ibid., 273. 80 Shackleton had left orders: Ibid., 286. 81 During the return journey: Ibid. 81 By February 25, Marshall: Shackleton, Heart of the Antarctic, 362–63. 81 “If the ship was gone”: Ibid., 364. 82 “Mackay fell”: Mills, Men of Ice, 72. 82 “Edwardian England knew how”: Huntford, Shackleton, 294. 82 “the greatest geographical event”: Ibid., 298. 82 In November, Shackleton was knighted: Ibid., 315. 82 Met at the railway station: Ayres, Mawson, 29. 82 “I say that Mawson”: Sydney Morning Herald, March 31, 1909, quoted ibid., 29. 83 During 122 days: Ayres, Mawson, 28. 83 Theirs would remain the longest: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alistair_Mackay. 83 On a visit to England in 1911: Branagan, David, 223–25. 83 According to Mawson’s biographer: Ayres, Mawson, 70. 83 It seems likely that the true: Branagan, David, 225. 84 Barton’s even gloomier assessment: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9jXbD5hZFI. 84 As one of the experts who examined: Branagan, David, 224–25. 84 Upon regaining the Nimrod: Ayres, Mawson, 28. 84 Meanwhile, he dipped his toe: Ibid., 37–41. 85 He had made many visits: Ibid., 29–30; P.

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Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 51. 94 “I think we shall all be glad”: Ibid. 94 With Davis at the helm: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 72. 94 Ninnis, the young lieutenant: Ibid., 52–53. 94 Mertz, a lawyer from Basel: Ibid., 67. 95 “The only two idlers in the ship”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 11. 95 The proximity of males and females: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 77. 95 Then several of the dogs: Ibid., 81. 95 “a mysterious hysterical disease”: Ibid., 96, 453; Landy, “Pibloktoq (Hysteria) and Inuit Nutrition,” 237–39. 95 In any event, by the time: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 102. 96 “I remember feeling”: Frank Wild to Maggie Wild, October 13, 1911, quoted ibid, 91. 97 Discovered accidentally in 1810: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macquarie_Island. 97 On the afternoon of December 2: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 102. 97 Besides the thirty-eight huskies: HOB, 14. 97 Realizing that even an overloaded: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 101–2. 97 “If the skipper had a proper name”: Laseron, “South with Mawson,” 12. 98 “The mate was deaf”: Ibid. 98 On the first day out of Hobart: Davis, High Latitude, 163–64. 98 “The crew are about the worst”: Charles Laseron, diary, December 25, 1911. 98 “The cook we have signed on”: Percy Gray, diary, December 3, 1911. 98 “I shall be very sorry”: Gray, diary, December 18, 1911. 99 “The mate could navigate”: Laseron, “South with Mawson,” 12–13. 99 “I have found this bloody island”: Hunter, diary, December 13, 1911. 99 On December 9, the worst: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 103. 99 “They were staggered by its beauty”: Ibid., 106. 100 “I felt that had I sufficient”: Hurley, Argonauts, 24. 100 “Fortunately we were not moving”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 13. 100 “I received a verbal trouncing”: Hurley, Argonauts, 25. 101 His biographer, Alasdair McGregor: McGregor, Hurley, 10–11. 101 “I found a new toy”: Hurley, Argonauts, 10. 101 By 1911, Hurley was recognized: McGregor, Hurley, 28–31. 102 “I am certain that”: Margaret Hurley to Douglas Mawson, October 6, 1911, quoted ibid., 32. 102 Mawson was sufficiently alarmed: McGregor, Hurley, 32–33. 102 “evidently a recent victim”: HOB, 21. 102 “a human figure appeared”: Ibid. 103 After several aborted efforts: Ibid., 22. 103 In charge of the Macquarie party: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 214–15. 103 In Hasselborough Bay, the two: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 14. 103 Meanwhile, Frank Hurley set off: Hurley, Argonauts, 25. 104 “They slaughtered every flipper”: Ibid., 28–30. 104 The first night, the trio bivouacked: Ibid., 31. 105 On the second day, the men: Ibid., 32–33. 105 “peck[ing] viciously at our legs”: Ibid., 34. 105 It was not until the third afternoon: Ibid., 35–38. 106 During Hurley’s absence: HOB, 24–25. 106 On top of Wireless Hill: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 111. 106 “The sheep allowed themselves”: Frank Stillwell, general letter, January 6, 1912, quoted ibid., 112–13. 106 “The last few days”: Flannery, This Everlasting Silence, 24. 107 “their cheers echoing to ours”: HOB, 27. 107 “It was difficult at first”: Ibid., 28. 107 “I jumped up on deck”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 15. 108 Mawson and Davis’s intention: Ibid. 108 But between Oates Land: Rosove, Let Heroes Speak, 109–13. 108 In January 1840, Wilkes thought: Ibid., 35–37. 108 At almost the same time in early 1840: Ibid., 30–32. 109 Astonishingly, on January 29: Ibid., 32. 109 Five days after leaving Macquarie: HOB, 31. 109 “The tranquility of the water”: Ibid., 32. 109 The icebergs soon gave way: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 16–17. 110 It would take another year: HOB, 37. 110 New Year’s Day: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 17. 110 “We were all very much puzzled”: Ibid., 18. 111 “What an extraordinary thing”: Ibid., 19. 111 One of the chief objectives: HOB, 40. 111 “I feel that we must take chances”: Crossley, Trial by Ice, 19. 111 Privately, he began to reconfigure: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 115–16. 111 It was only on January 6: Ibid., 116. 112 “The coroners verdict”: Kennedy, diary, January 6, 1912. 112 At noon on January 8: HOB, 40. 112 “Advancing towards the mainland”: Ibid., 41. 112 “We had come to a fairyland”: Hurley, Argonauts, 44–45. 113 “Accidentally hit Bickerton in the eye”: Kennedy, diary, January 8, 1912. 4.

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Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 107. 297 “You will note that”: Douglas Mawson to Herr Mertz, July 8, 1914. 297 the original diary has somehow been lost: Mark Pharaoh, personal communication, July 2011. 297 “They were very kind”: P. Mawson, Mawson of the Antarctic, 117. 297 He had been absent: Ayres, Mawson, 104–5. 297 Bob Bage, the quiet: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 401–2. 297 Cecil Madigan spent: Ibid., 413; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Madigan. 298 “I had some close shaves”: Cecil Madigan to Douglas Mawson, December 18, 1915. 298 Archibald McLean, whose collaborative: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 406–7. 298 “Poor old ‘Dad’ McLean”: John Hunter to Douglas Mawson, n.d. 298 “I have been itching”: Douglas Mawson to Eric Webb, August 16, [1915]. 298 Mawson eventually found employment: Ayres, Mawson, 115, 122. 298 One other member of the AAE: Rossiter, Mawson’s Forgotten Men, xviii–xix. 299 From shipboard, Shackleton telegraphed: Huntford, Shackleton, 379. 299 “Fancy that ridiculous Shackleton”: Winston Churchill to Clementine Churchill, March 28, 1916, quoted ibid., 488. 299 “London in the aftermath”: Huntford, Shackleton, 673. 299 “The manager at Boston”: Douglas Mawson to Paquita Mawson, February 4, 1915, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 107. 299 The two-volume The Home of the Blizzard: Ibid., 101. 300 After the war, back in Australia: Ibid., 250; Riffenburgh, Aurora, 407. 300 Thanks to Mawson’s doggedness: Riffenburgh, Aurora, 408. 300 “The scientific goals of early”: Ibid., 421–22. 301 “the Australasian Expedition was easily”: Ibid., 421. 301 “Sir Douglas Mawson’s Expedition”: Hayes, Antarctica, 210. 302 “He was still purposeful”: Eric Webb, “An Appreciation,” in Bickel, Mawson’s Will, 231. 303 “No words of mine”: Hurley, Argonauts, 120–21. 303 “To me, when I was a young man”: Eric Webb, “An Appreciation,” in Bickel, Mawson’s Will, 228–29. 304 “I consider that I was”: George Dovers to Douglas Mawson, July 20, 1954, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 253. 304 “The 1911–14 days will ever”: John Hunter to Douglas Mawson, January 31, 1957, quoted in Ayres, Mawson, 254. 304 “The years 1911–13 are still”: Charles Laseron to Douglas Mawson, December 9, 1954. 304 “Knowing that he was not”: P.

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Extreme Money: Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk
by Satyajit Das
Published 14 Oct 2011

Rumsfeld, Free Press, New York: 60. 4. www.youtube.com/results?search_query=two+johns+subprime&aq=1 5. Julian Lee “TV news is not factual program, says regulator” (12 February 2010) Sydney Morning Herald. 6. John Pilger “The invisible government” (16 June 2007) (www.inminds.co.uk/article.php?id=10196). 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rukeyser 8. Chrystia Freeland “Lunch with the FT: Jim Cramer” (22 February 2008) Financial Times. 9. Sean Collins, a senior producer with NPR News, quoted in Dan Gardner (2008) Risk—The Science and Politics of Fear, Virgin Books, London: 200. 10. Donald Rumsfeld (28 February 2003) quoted in Hart Seely (2005) Pieces of Intelligence: The Existential Poetry of Donald H.

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Baker and George David Smith (1998) The New Financial Capitalists: Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and the Creation of Corporate Value, Cambridge University Press, New York: 90. 14. Anders, Merchants of Debt: 41. 15. If Japan can ... Why can’t we? (1980), TV show introducing the methods of W. Edwards Deming to American managers, produced by Clare Crawford-Mason, NBC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_Japan_Can..._Why_Can’t_We%3F). 16. Quoted in Anders, Merchants of Debt: 162. 17. Quoted in ibid: 35. 18. Quoted in Baker and Smith, The New Financial Capitalists: 204. 19. Philipp Meyer (2009) American Rust, Simon & Schuster, London: 348. 20. Quoted in Anders, Merchants of Debt: 74. 21.

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Jamil Anderlini “Beijing’s housing price fury goes viral” (23 December 2010) Financial Times. 7. Wolfgang Münchau “Optimism is not enough for a global recovery” (14 June 2009) Financial Times. 8. Press release, “Lincoln hails Senate passage of tough Wall Street reforms” (20 May 2010) (http://lincoln.senate.gov/newsroom/2010-05-20-6.cfm). 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon 10. Andrew Ross Sorkin “Vanishing act: “advisers” distance themselves from a report” (14 February 2011) New York Times. 11. Brooke Masters and David Oakley “Markets take fright: political disorder” (20 May 2010) Financial Times. 12. Sam Jones “Hedge funds hope ‘Volcker rule’ will clip banks’ wings” (30 June 2010) Financial Times. 13.

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Are You Smart Enough to Work at Google?: Trick Questions, Zen-Like Riddles, Insanely Difficult Puzzles, and Other Devious Interviewing Techniques You ... Know to Get a Job Anywhere in the New Economy
by William Poundstone
Published 4 Jan 2012

“You are shrunk to the height of a nickel”: The dialogue in this section is a composite of several interviewees’ accounts. Google pays the income tax: Bernard, “Google to Add Pay.” On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences: www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/index.html. Milton’s suggestion was “googol”: See Wikipedia entry for Edward Kasner, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Kasner. “Sean and Larry were in their office”: See “Origin of the Name ‘Google,’” http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html. “Have Your Google People”: Merrell, “Have Your Google People.” “are not warm and fuzzy people”: Alyson Shontell interview, May 24, 2010.

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“Interviews are a terrible predictor”: Hansel, “Google Answer to Filling Jobs Is an Algorithm.” Thomas L. Peters of the Washington Life Insurance Company proposed: Gunter, Biodata, 7. Guilford sliced and diced intelligence: The number began at 120 and was revised upward to 150 and finally to 180. See Wikipedia article on J. P. Guilford, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Guilford. “Genius is one percent inspiration”: See the Wikiquote entry for Thomas Edison, which gives several variants and published sources, http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison. “Creativity is production of something new or unusual”: Torrance, Guiding Creative Talent, 16.

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How Bad Are Bananas?: The Carbon Footprint of Everything
by Mike Berners-Lee
Published 12 May 2010

Moreno, et al. (2005), A Preliminary General Assessment of the Impacts in Spain Due to the Effects of Climate Change. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente. Available at www.mma.es/secciones/cambio_climatico/areas_tematicas/impactos_cc/pdf/evaluacion_preliminar_impactos_completo_2.pdf. 18. Information on Seawater Greenhouse from Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater_greenhouse. My calculations also used figures on U.K. water consumption from the U.K. government: “Indicators of sustainable development,” www.sustainable-development.gov.uk/sustainable/quality04/maind/04q02.htm (accessed October 2009), and a figure of 0.6 kg (1.3 lbs.) CO2e per kilowatt-hour of electricity to drive pumps.

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In Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report (IPPC, Geneva), p. 36. Adapted to include an emissions weighting factor of 1.9 for high-altitude emissions. 22. © SASI Group, University of Sheffield. 23. © SASI Group, University of Sheffield. 24. © SASI Group, University of Sheffield. 25. Wikipedia list of oil spills, available at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ List_of_oil_spills (accessed 25 July 2010). 26. Earthtrends. World Resources Institute, Searchable Database, 2006 data. Available at earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db (accessed October 2009). More about food 1. Most of the figures here come from the input–output model (see above note 4 in the “Under 10 grams” section) and are in line with other estimates.

pages: 309 words: 78,361

Plenitude: The New Economics of True Wealth
by Juliet B. Schor
Published 12 May 2010

Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability 14: 575-600. Heal, Geoffrey. 2009. Climate economics: A meta-review and some suggestions for future research. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3 (1): 4-21. Healthcare in Malaysia. 2009. Wikipedia [database online]. Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia (accessed August 31, 2009). Helfand, Jessica, Akbar Sadeghi, and David Talan. 2007. Employment dynamics: Small and large firms over the business cycle. Monthly Labor Review (March). Available from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2007/03/art3full.pdf (accessed September 6, 2009).

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Circular Series DL&P 2-06. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service. Available from http://www.fas.usda.gov/dlp/circular/2006/2006%20Annual/Livestock&Poultry.pdf (accessed April 7, 2009). Universal health care. 2009. Wikipedia [database online]. Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_health_care (accessed August 31, 2009). Van den Broek, Aylsa. 2008. IKEA organizes furniture swap. Springwise [database online]. Available from http://springwise.com/homes_housing/ikea_organizes_furniture_swap (accessed August 13, 2009). Van Praag, Bernard M. S., and Paul Frijters. 1999.

pages: 1,136 words: 73,489

Working in Public: The Making and Maintenance of Open Source Software
by Nadia Eghbal
Published 3 Aug 2020

,” JAXenter, November 25, 2011, https://jaxenter.com/has-the-apache-open-source-vision-become-blurred-103947.html. 63 Bryan Clark, “Apache Software Foundation Joins GitHub Open Source Community,” The GitHub Blog, GitHub, April 29, 2019, https://github.blog/2019-04-29-apache-joins-github-community/ 02 64 Julia Evans, “Figuring Out How to Contribute to Open Source,” Julia Evans (blog), n.d., https://jvns.ca/blog/2017/08/06/contributing-to-open-source/. 65 “Ptychobranchus Subtentum,” Wikipedia, last updated April 7, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptychobranchus_subtentum. 66 “Reykjavík,” Wikipedia, last updated March 27, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk. 67 “China: Provinces and Major Cities,” City Population, December 21, 2019, https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/cities/. 68 “PEP 0 -- Index of Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs),” Python.org, accessed March 31, 2020, https://www.python.org/dev/peps/. 69 “Proposing Changes to Go,” Golang / Proposal Code, GitHub, accessed March 31, 2020, https://github.com/golang/proposal/ 70 “How Brett Cannon Uses GitHub,” Customer Stories, GitHub, n.d., https://github.com/customer-stories/brettcannon. 71 “DebianMaintainer,” Debian Wiki, last updated August 24, 2019, https://wiki.debian.org/DebianMaintainer. 72 Stuart Sierra, “Clojure Governance and How It Got That Way,” Clojure, February 17, 2012, https://clojure.org/news/2012/02/17/clojure-governance. 73 “Mutate Regexp Body,” Mutant Pull Requests, GitHub, April 18, 2016, https://github.com/mbj/mutant/pull/565#issuecomment-211498398. 74 Lorenzo Sciandra, “Chain React 2019 - Lorenzo Sciandra - All Hands on Deck - The React Native Community Experience,” Infinite Red, July 31, 2019, YouTube video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?

pages: 345 words: 75,660

Prediction Machines: The Simple Economics of Artificial Intelligence
by Ajay Agrawal , Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb
Published 16 Apr 2018

The research also shows that the algorithm would likely reduce racial disparities. 8. Mitchell Hoffman, Lisa B. Kahn, and Danielle Li, “Discretion in Hiring,” working paper 21709, National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2015, revised April 2016. 9. Donald Rumsfeld, news briefing, US Department of Defense, February 12, 2002, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns. 10. Bertrand Rouet-Leduc et al., “Machine Learning Predicts Laboratory Earthquakes,” Cornell University, 2017, http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.05774. 11. Dedre Gentner and Albert L. Stevens, Mental Models (New York: Psychology Press, 1983); Dedre Gentner, “Structure Mapping: A Theoretical Model for Analogy,” Cognitive Science 7 (1983): 15–170. 12.

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Donald Rubin, “Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies,” Journal of Educational Psychology 66, no. 5 (1974): 688–701; Jerzy Neyman, “Sur les applications de la theorie des probabilites aux experiences agricoles: Essai des principes,” master’s thesis, 1923, excerpts reprinted in English, D. M. Dabrowska, and T. P. Speed, translators, Statistical Science 5 (1923): 463–472. 17. Garry Kasporov, Deep Thinking (New York: Perseus Books, 2017), 99–100. 18. Google Panda, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Panda, accessed July 26, 2017. Most notably as described in Google webmasters, “What’s It Like to Fight Webspam at Google?” YouTube, Febuary 12, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rr-Cye_mFiQ. 19. For example, publicized overhauls in September 2016: Ashitha Nagesh, “Now You Can Finally Get Rid of All Those Instagram Spammers and Trolls,” Metro, September 13, 2016, http://metro.co.uk/2016/09/13/now-you-can-finally-get-rid-of-all-those-instagram-spammers-and-trolls-6125645/.

pages: 301 words: 78,638

Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones
by James Clear
Published 15 Oct 2018

Just five years after Brailsford took over: Technically, the British riders won 57 percent of the road and track cycling medals at the 2008 Olympics. Fourteen gold medals were available in road and track cycling events. The Brits won eight of them. the Brits raised the bar: “World and Olympic Records Set at the 2012 Summer Olympics,” Wikipedia, December 8, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_and_Olympic_records_set_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics#Cycling. Bradley Wiggins became the first British cyclist: Andrew Longmore, “Bradley Wiggins,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bradley-Wiggins, last modified April 21, 2018. Chris Froome won: Karen Sparks, “Chris Froome,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chris-Froome, last modified October 23, 2017.

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For more, see B. F. Skinner, “A Case History in Scientific Method,” American Psychologist 11, no. 5 (1956): 226, doi:10.1037/h0047662. This variance leads to the greatest spike of dopamine: Matching Law shows that the rate of the reward schedule impacts behavior: “Matching Law,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_law. CHAPTER 20 there is usually a slight decline in performance: K. Anders Ericsson and Robert Pool, Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise (Boston: Mariner Books, 2017), 13. “The pundits were saying”: Pat Riley and Byron Laursen, “Temporary Insanity and Other Management Techniques: The Los Angeles Lakers’ Coach Tells All,” Los Angeles Times Magazine, April 19, 1987, http://articles.latimes.com/1987–04–19/magazine/tm-1669_1_lakers.

pages: 290 words: 72,046

5 Day Weekend: Freedom to Make Your Life and Work Rich With Purpose
by Nik Halik and Garrett B. Gunderson
Published 5 Mar 2018

Consult with a specialist first before setting up your policy. Barry Dyke. The Pirates of Manhattan (Orlando, Fl. International Drive, 2007). http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2014/12/where-to-start.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiverr http://www.go-globe.com/blog/mobile-apps-usage/ http://fortune.com/2015/07/29/video-game-coach-salary/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharing_economy https://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all Cecilia Kang, “Podcasts Are Back — and Making Money,” Washington Post, September 25, 2014. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/podcasts-are-back--and-making-money/2014/09/25/54abc628-39c9-11e4-9c9f-ebb47272e40e_story.html?

pages: 685 words: 203,949

The Organized Mind: Thinking Straight in the Age of Information Overload
by Daniel J. Levitin
Published 18 Aug 2014

Retrieved from http://www.kuro5hin.org To Wikipedia’s credit, it contains an article titled “Criticism of Wikipedia,” although that piece is, perhaps understandably, biased toward Wikipedia. Criticism of Wikipedia. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 19, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia Jimmy Wales has stated that experts User: Jimbo Wales. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 30, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales “Why would an expert bother contributing . . .” Dharma. (December 30, 2004). Comment on Sanger, L. (2004, December 31). Why Wikipedia must jettison its anti-elitism [Online forum comment].

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A foundational principle of human interaction design is that if a standard exists, it should be used. Norman, D. A. (2013). The design of everyday things. New York, NY: Basic Books. In New York State, I-87 is a principal north-south highway This map is taken from Wikipedia and is in the public domain; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter state_Highway_System#cite_note-hm20-2 Permission is explicitly granted by the creator, Stratosphere, for reuse. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FHWA_Auxil iary_Route_Numbering_Diagram.svg The periodic table of the elements The Periodic Table image is retrieved from http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/1/W/periodictable.jpg and tagged as “Public Domain—Free to Use” by Bing.

pages: 120 words: 19,624

git internal
by Scott Chacon
Published 1 Jan 2008

In the examples, I will use the first 6 characters of the SHA-1 for simplicity, but the actual value is 40 characters long. SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm. A SHA creates an identifier of fixed length that uniquely identifies a specific piece of content. SHA-1 succeeded SHA-0 and is the most commonly used algorithm. Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA1) has more on the topic. To demonstrate these examples, we will develop a small ruby library that provides very simple bindings to Git, keeping the project in a Git repository. The basic layout of the project is this: Working Directory ./ Rakefile README lib/ simplegit.rb Fig. A Sample project with files and directories Let’s take a look at what Git does when this is committed to a repository. 14 The Blob In Git, the contents of files are stored as blobs.

pages: 122 words: 19,807

Tmux: Productive Mouse-Free Development
by Brian P. Hogan
Published 29 Feb 2012

tmuxinator copy [source] [destination] Copies a project configuration. tmuxinator delete [name] Deletes the specified project. tmuxinator implode Deletes all current projects. tmuxinator doctor Looks for problems with the tmuxinator and system configuration. Footnotes [10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return [11] http://rvm.beginrescueend.com/ Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 4 Working With Text and Buffers Throughout the course of your average day, you’ll copy and paste text more times than you keep track of. When you’re working with tmux, you will eventually come to the point where you need to scroll backwards through the terminal’s output buffer to see something that scrolled off the screen.

pages: 105 words: 18,832

The Collapse of Western Civilization: A View From the Future
by Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway
Published 30 Jun 2014

Arctic Sea Ice Extent, IARC-JAXA Information System (IJIS), accessed October 10, 2013: http://www.ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/ en/home/seaice_extent.htm; Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis, National Snow & Ice Data Center, accessed October 10, 2013: http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/; Christine Dell’Amore, “Ten Thousand Walruses Gather on Island As Sea Ice Shrinks,” National Geographic, October 2, 2013; William M. Connolley, “Sea ice extent in million square kilometers,” accessed October 10, 2013: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seaice-1870-part-2009.png. 20. Gerald A. Meehl and Thomas F. Stocker, “Global Climate Projections,” in Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Climate Change 2007—The Physical Science Basis.” February 2, 2007. 21. Clifford Krauss, “Exxon and Russia’s Oil Company in Deal for Joint Projects,” The New York Times, April 16, 2012. 22.

pages: 411 words: 80,925

What's Mine Is Yours: How Collaborative Consumption Is Changing the Way We Live
by Rachel Botsman and Roo Rogers
Published 2 Jan 2010

“Zipcar Rolls Out National Low-Car Diet.” Zipcar press release (July 21, 200), http://green.autoblog.com/2009/08/25/zipcars-low-car-diet-results-save-money-lose-weight 7. Ibid. 8. Philip Ball, Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006). As cited on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_mass_(sociodynamics). 9. “Bixi by the Numbers,” www.bixi.com. Retrieved August 2009. 10. Noah J. Goldstein., Robert B. Cialdini, and Vladas Griskevicius, “A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Normative Appeals to Motivate Environmental Conservation in a Hotel Setting,” Journal of Consumer Research 35 (August 2008), www.csom.umn.edu/assets/118359.pdf. 11.

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Buckminster Fuller,” GOOD (August 14, 2007), www.good.is/post/good-guide-r-buckminster-fuller/. 21. Jennifer Sharpe, “A Social Experiment: Communes in Cul-De-Sacs,” NPR radio interview (April 2, 2009), www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=102651496. 22. Wikipedia definition of a Commune posted at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commune_(intentional_community). 23. Ariel Schwartz, “WeCommune: Social Networking Communes,” Fast Company (June 2009), http://origin-www.fastcompany.com/blog/ariel-schwartz/sustainability/wecommune-social-networking-communes? 24. James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds (Anchor Books, 2005), 86. 25.

Rethinking Money: How New Currencies Turn Scarcity Into Prosperity
by Bernard Lietaer and Jacqui Dunne
Published 4 Feb 2013

John Stephen Lansing, lecture at http://longnow.org /seminars/02006/feb/13 /perfect-order-a-thousand-years-in-bali. 2. “Agent modeling is a class of computational models for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) with a view to assessing their effects on the system as a whole.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org /w/index.php. 3. Bernard Lietaer, “A World in Balance,” Refl ections: The Journal of the Society for Organizational Learning at MIT (SOL), Summer 2003; and Bernard Lietaer and Stephen DeMeulenaere, “Sustaining Cultural Vitality in a Globalizing World: The Balinese Example,” International Journal for Social Economics, September 2003. 4.

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Hitler’s Banker: Hjalmar Horace Greely Schacht. London: Warner Books, 1999. Whitney, Lance. “Cell Phone Subscriptions to Hit 5 Billion Globally.” CNET, February 16, 2010. http://reviews.cnet.com /8301-13970_7-10454065 -78 .html#ixzz1K6sXaPmP. Wikipedia contributors. “Agent Modeling.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki /Agent-based _model. WIR Annual Report 2010. www.wir.ch. World Bank. “Public Attitude towards Climate Change: Findings from a Multi- Country Poll.” World Development Report 1020: Development and Climate Change. http://siteresources.worldbank.org /INTWDR2010 /Resources/Background-report.pdf.

pages: 280 words: 83,299

Empty Planet: The Shock of Global Population Decline
by Darrell Bricker and John Ibbitson
Published 5 Feb 2019

.: Central Intelligence Agency, 2017). https://www.cia.gov/library /publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2256.html 146 “S. Korea’s Marriage Rate Hits Record Low Level Last Year Amid Economic Slowdown,” Pulse by Maeil Business News Korea, 7 April 7 2016. https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2016&no=256641 147 “List of Countries by Refugee Population,” Wikipedia, compiled from UNHCR data. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_refugee_population 148 Chris Burgess, “Japan’s ‘No Immigration Principle’ Looking as Solid as Ever,” Japan Times, 28 June 2014. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2014/06/18/voices/japans-immigration-principle-looking-solid-ever/#.WC8q33cZPBI 149 “The Upper Han,” Economist, 19 November 2016. http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21710264-worlds-rising-superpower-has-particular-vision-ethnicity-and-nationhood-has 150 “New Pledge of Allegiance to Reflect Growing Multiculturalism,” Chosunilbo, 18 April 2011. http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/04/18/2011041801112.html 151 “How Large Is the Job Market for English Teachers Abroad?”

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Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/John-F-Kennedy-and-Ireland.aspx 251 Alexandra Molnar, History of Italian Immigration (South Hadley: Mount Holyoke College, 9 December 2010). https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~molna22a/classweb/politics/Italianhistory.html 252 Max Roser and Esteban Ortiz-Espina, “Global Extreme Poverty,” Our World in Data, 2013/2017. http://ourworldindata.org/data/growth-and-distribution-of-prosperity/world-poverty 253 “Global Figures at a Glance,” Global Trends 2015 (Geneva: UNHCR, 2016). http://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html 254 Bernard Wasserstein, “European Refugee Movements After World War Two,” BBC History, 17 February 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/refugees_01.shtml 255 “Flight and Expulsion of Germans (1944–50),” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944–50) 256 “World War II China: Refugees,” Children in History. http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/cou/china/home/w2ch-ref.html 257 Rana Mitter, “Forgotten Ally? China’s Unsung Role in WWII,” CNN, 31 August 2015. http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/cou/china/home/w2ch-ref.html 258 International Migration Report 2015 (New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division, September 2016). http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2015.pdf 259 “Country Comparison: Population,” World Factbook (Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency). https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html 260 Ibid. 261 Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015 (Geneva: UNHCR, 20 June 2016).http://www.unhcr.org/576408cd7.pdf 262 “Nearly Half a Million Displaced Syrians Return Home,” Al Jazeera, 1 July 2017. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/07/million-displaced-syrians-return-home-170701040728296.html 263 International Migration Report 2015. 264 Ibid. 265 Ibid. 266 Ibid 267 Ibid. 268 Ibid. 269 Anna Gonzalez-Barrera, “More Mexicans Leaving Than Coming to the U.S.”

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Thinking in Bets
by Annie Duke
Published 6 Feb 2018

When talking about 4 coin flips versus 10,000, I was speaking relatively. There has actually been a lot of work done on how many times you need to flip a coin to determine if the coin is fair. If you are interested, you can read an explanation in Wikipedia, s.v. “Checking Whether a Coin Is Fair,” accessed June 1, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checking_whether_a_coin_is_fair. Redefining wrong: For the quotes about how, in setting odds in advance of the Brexit vote, the bookmakers got it “wrong,” see Jon Sindreu, “Big London Bets Tilted Bookmakers’ ‘Brexit’ Odds,” Wall Street Journal, June 26, 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/big-london-bets-tilted-bookmakers-brexit-odds-1466976156, and Alan Dershowitz, “Why It’s Impossible to Predict This Election,” Boston Globe, September 13, 2016, https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2016/09/13/why-impossible-predict-this-election/Y7B4N39FqasHzuiO81sWEO/story.html.

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There are numerous lists of such common misconceptions, such as Emma Glanfield’s “Coffee Isn’t Made from Beans, You Can’t See the Great Wall of China from Space and Everest ISN’T the World’s Tallest Mountain: The Top 50 Misconceptions That Have Become Modern Day ‘Facts,’” Daily Mail, April 22, 2015, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3050941/Coffee-isn-t-beans-t-Great-Wall-China-space-Everest-ISN-T-worlds-tallest-mountain-Experts-unveil-life-s-50-misconceptions-modern-day-facts.html; Wikipedia, s.v. “List of Common Misconceptions,” accessed June 27, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_misconceptions. “They saw a game”: The quotes from the school newspapers are as they appeared in Hastorf and Cantril’s paper. Redefining confidence: When you express uncertainty to someone who knows about communicating that way, the mutual recognition is like a light switch turning on.

pages: 345 words: 84,847

The Runaway Species: How Human Creativity Remakes the World
by David Eagleman and Anthony Brandt
Published 30 Sep 2017

The creative company 1 “Burbank Time Capsule Revisited,” Los Angeles Times, March 17, 2009, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2009/03/burbank-time-ca.html> 2 John H. Lienhard, Inventing Modern: Growing up with X-rays, Skyscrapers, and Tailfins (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003). 3 See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_defunct_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States> 4 Peter L. Jakab and Rick Young, The Published Writings of Wilbur & Orville Wright (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2000). 5 The aviator Robert Esnault-Pelterie recognised the promise of Boulton’s design. Learning of the Wright brothers’ success, he built a similar glider, but this time with ailerons. 6 From email correspondence with David Hagerman, curator of the Raymond Loewy estate and COO of Loewy Design. 7 Jillian Eugenios, “Lowe’s Channels Science Fiction in New Holoroom,” CNN, June 12, 2014, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://money.cnn.com/2014/06/12/technology/innovation/lowes-holoroom/> 8 John Markoff, “Microsoft Plumbs Ocean’s Depths to Test Underwater Data Center,” New York Times, January 31, 2016, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/01/technology/microsoft-plumbs-oceans-depths-to-test-underwater-data-center.html> 9 Gail Davidson, “The Future of Television,” Cooper Hewitt, August 16, 2015, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://www.cooperhewitt.org/2015/08/16/the-future-of-television/> 10 Ian Wylie, “Failure Is Glorious,” Fast Company, September 30, 2001, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://www.fastcompany.com/43877/failure-glorious> 11 Malcolm Gladwell, “Creation Myth,” New Yorker, May 16, 2011, accessed May 11, 2016, <http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/05/16/creation-myth> 12 B.

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Cloudmoney: Cash, Cards, Crypto, and the War for Our Wallets
by Brett Scott
Published 4 Jul 2022

The War on Cash 5.2 million payments attempts were blocked: These details can be found in Visa UK’s explanatory letter to the UK Parliament on 15 June 2018, accessible at https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/commons-committees/treasury/Correspondence/2017-19/visa-response-150618.pdf the Bangladeshi Central Bank’s account at the US Federal Reserve: An overview of this heist can be found at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery central bank research showed that the PIN pads associated with digital payment pose a greater risk: Bank of England, ‘Cash in the time of Covid’, Quarterly Bulletin 2020 Q4, 24 Nov. 2020, https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2020/2020-q4/cash-in-the-time-of-covid ‘Reports on the End of Cash are Greatly Exaggerated’: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 20 Nov. 2017, https://www.frbsf.org/our-district/about/sf-fed-blog/reports-death-of-cash-greatly-exaggerated/ central banks recorded a large increase in cash withdrawn from ATMs: See for example, ‘Cash still king in times of COVID-19’ by the ECB’s Fabio Panetta https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2021/html/ecb.sp210615~05b32c4e55.en.html, the Bank of England’s ‘Cash in the time of Covid’, https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/quarterly-bulletin/2020/2020-q4/cash-in-the-time-of-covid and the Federal Reserve’s ‘2021 findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice’ https://www.frbsf.org/cash/publications/fed-notes/2021/may/2021-findings-from-the-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice/ including those who don’t want their wealth locked up in banks during a banking crisis: Morten Bech, Umar Faruqui, Frederik Ougaard & Cristina Picillo, ‘Payments are a-changin’ but cash still rules’, BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018, https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1803g.pdf The Federal Reserve sees huge increases in cash demand prior to hurricanes: This was communicated during a private presentation by Alex Bau of the Federal Reserve’s Cash Product Office, titled ‘Understanding Cash Usage: Rethinking Volume Forecasting’, Feb. 2019 it accounted for over 50 per cent of transactions under $10 and 30 per cent of overall payments volume: See Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, ‘2018 Findings from the Diary of Consumer Payment Choice’ 15 Nov. 2018, https://www.frbsf.org/cash/files/federal-reserve-cpo-2018-diary-of-consumer-payment-choice-110118.pdf ‘we want a cashless society’: Javier E.

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Baldwin, ‘Money laundering countermeasures with primary focus upon terrorism and the USA Patriot Act 2001’, Journal of Money Laundering Control, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2002, pp.105–136 12. The Political Tribes of Cyber-Kowloon The horseshoe theory of politics: For a basic overview of the theory, see https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_theory. Some versions of the theory see a tendency towards authoritarianism as being a common feature in both the far right and far left, but anti-statism can be a common feature too, alongside a common rejection of the centre of the political spectrum. The US Bitcoin trader Chad Elwartowski, for example, rigged up a seasteading dwelling: Adam Forrest, ‘US Bitcoin trader faces death penalty after Thai navy seizes floating home of fugitive “seasteaders”’, 20 April 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bitcoin-chad-elwartowski-thai-navy-floating-home-seasteading-phuket-a8878981.html ‘Bitcoin is what they fear it is, a way to leave . . . to make a choice’: The statement comes from the original Dark Wallet promotional video, which can be found here https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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Android Cookbook
by Ian F. Darwin
Published 9 Apr 2012

Creating a Reusable About Box Class Daniel Fowler Problem About boxes are common in applications; it is useful not to have to recode them for each new app. Solution Write an AboutBox class that can be installed into any new app. Discussion Whatever the operating system, whatever the program, chances are it has an About option. There is a Wikipedia entry for it, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_box, and it is useful for support: “Hello, there is a problem with my application.” “Hi, can you press About and tell me the version number?” Since it is likely to be required again and again, it is worth having a ready-made AboutBox class that you can easily add to any new app that you develop.

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. */ public class SendSMS { static String TAG = "SendSMS"; SmsManager mSMSManager = null; /* The list of message parts our message * gets broken up into by SmsManager */ ArrayList<String> mFragmentList = null; /* Service Center - not used */ String mServiceCentreAddr = null; SendSMS() { mSMSManager = SmsManager.getDefault(); } /* Called from the GUI to send one message to one destination */ public boolean sendSMSMessage( String aDestinationAddress, String aMessageText) { if (mSMSManager == null) { return (false); } mFragmentList = mSMSManager.divideMessage(aMessageText); int fragmentCount = mFragmentList.size(); if (fragmentCount > 1) { Log.d(TAG, "Sending " + fragmentCount + " parts"); mSMSManager.sendMultipartTextMessage(aDestinationAddress, mServiceCentreAddr, mFragmentList, null, null); } else { Log.d(TAG, "Sending one part"); mSMSManager.sendTextMessage(aDestinationAddress, mServiceCentreAddr, aMessageText, null, null); } return true; } } See Also For information on the SmsManager, see http://developer.android.com/reference/android/telephony/SmsManager.html. For information about how the division of longer messages into parts works “under the hood,” see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concatenated_SMS. Source Download URL The source code for this example is in the Android Cookbook repository at http://github.com/AndroidCook/Android-Cookbook-Examples, in the subdirectory SendSMS (see Getting and Using the Code Examples). 12.6. Receiving an SMS Message in an Android Application Rachee Singh Problem You wish to enable your application to receive incoming SMS messages.

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Culture lessons (optional) Customizing the presentation of numbers, fractions, dates, and message-formatting. Images can mean different things in different cultures. This chapter’s recipes provide examples of doing all three. See Also Wikipedia has a good article on localization at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalisation_and_localisation. See also Java Internationalization by Andy Deitsch and David Czarnecki (O’Reilly). Microsoft’s The GUI Guide: International Terminology for the Windows Interface was, despite the title, less about UI design than about internationalization; it came with a 3.5-inch floppy disk holding suggested translations of common Microsoft Windows GUI element names into a dozen or so common languages.

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The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies
by Jason Fagone
Published 25 Sep 2017

Edwin Elwell, Diana and the Lion (sculpture, 1893), displayed in the Palace of Fine Arts in the White City, acquired by George Fabyan after 1917, according to a placard in the Fabyan Villa Museum. A curving path Munson, George Fabyan, 59–60; Kopec, The Sabines at Riverbank, 27–28. 33 Tom and Jerry Ibid., 2. flowing southward Wikipedia, s.v. “Fox River (Illiois River tributary),” last modified May 1, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_River_(Illinois_River_tributary). two bridges “Fabyan Estate Viewed from the Southeast,” map, in Kopec, The Sabines at Riverbank; Munson, George Fabyan, 5. bought the windmill in Holland As is often the case with Fabyan, the truth here is actually weirder than the legend. Fabyan didn’t buy the windmill in Holland; he bought it from a German craftsman in Lombard, Illinois, paying the modern equivalent of $2 million to take it apart, lug it across the prairie, and reconstruct it on the opposite bank of the Fox River.

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Friedman,” Lecture VI, 149, in The Friedman Legacy, Sources on Cryptologic History, no. 3 (Center for Cryptologic History: 2006) 2.29 x 1082 Lambros D. Callimahos, “The Legendary William F. Friedman,” Cryptologic Spectrum 4, no. 1 (Winter 1974): 9–17. the number of atoms Thought to be 1080. Wikipedia, s.v. “Observable universe,” last modified April 22, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe. “The number of permutations” WFF, “Communications Intelligence and Security,” 30. demonstrated his mastery Callimahos, “The Legendary William F. Friedman.” 125 “but it helps” Rose Mary Sheldon, “William F. Friedman: A Very Private Cryptographer and His Collection,” Cryptologic Quarterly 34, no. 1 (2015): 20.

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Personnel started to stream in The most vivid recollection of the Munitions Building immediately after Pearl Harbor comes from John B. Hurt, the Japanese linguist on Friedman’s team. Three pages, undated, 1944, NSA. 237 1,177 crewmen Wikipedia, s.v. “Attack on Pearl Harbor,” last modified May 17, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor. wrote his will Hurt. it would happen in Manila Ibid. 237 a three-volume report WFF, “Certain Aspects of ‘MAGIC’ in the Cryptological Background of the Various Official Investigations into the Attack on Pearl Harbor,” March 1957, NSA. “cryptologic schizophrenia” WFF, “Second Period, Communications Security” (lecture), NSA. 238 a declassified NSA report ESF interview with R.

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The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money
by Bryan Caplan
Published 16 Jan 2018

In Ability Testing: Uses, Consequences, and Controversies, Part 2; Uses, Consequences, and Controversies, edited by Alexandra Wigdor and Wendell Garner, 39–69. Washington DC: National Academy Press. Wikipedia. 2015a. “Bill Gates, Early Life.” Accessed November 15, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates. ———. 2015b. “List of Best-Selling Albums.” Accessed November 15, 2015. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_albums. ———. 2015c. “List of Best-Selling Books.” Accessed November 15, 2015. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books. Wikiquote. 2016. “Walt Kelly.” Accessed February 15, 2016. https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walt_Kelly. Wiles, Peter. 1974. “The Correlation between Education and Earnings: The External-Test-Not-Content Hypothesis (ETNC).”

pages: 538 words: 145,243

Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World
by Joshua B. Freeman
Published 27 Feb 2018

Younger, “Environmental Impacts of Coal Mining and Associated Wastes: A Geochemical Perspective,” Geological Society, London, Special Publications 236 (2004), 169–209. 67.William Blake, Collected Poems, ed. W. B. Yeats ([1905] London: Routledge, 2002), 211–12. Blake’s original manuscript, with the punctuation used here, can be seen at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time#mediaviewer/File:Milton_preface.jpg (accessed Dec. 6, 2016). Steven E. Jones, Against Technology: From the Luddites to Neo-Luddism (New York: Routledge, 2006), 81–96. 68.By 1881, the Lancashire population had doubled again, to 630,323. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Lancashire through time | Population Statistics | Total Population, A Vision of Britain through Time (accessed Oct. 5, 2016), http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10097848/cube/TOT_POP.

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Walkinshaw, Setting the Pace: Oldsmobile’s First 100 Years (Lansing, MI: Public Relations Department, Oldsmobile Division, 1996), 461; The Locomobile Society of America, “List of Cars Manufactured by the Locomobile Company of America,” http://www.locomobilesociety.com/cars.cfm, and “U.S. Automobile Production Figures,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Automobile_Production_Figures (both accessed Feb. 6, 2017); Joshua Freeman et al., Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s Economy, Politics, Culture, and Society, vol. 2 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1992), 277. 2.Hounshell, From the American System to Mass Production, 1, 228.

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Sanchez-Sibony, Red Globalization, 36–53 (Stalin quote on 51); Bailes, “The American Connection,” 433, 442–43; Those Who Built Stalingrad, 150, 198; Scott, Behind the Urals, 86–87, 174; Melnikova-Raich, “The Soviet Problem with Two ‘Unknowns,’ Part I,” 74–75; New York Times, Mar. 26, 1932; Detroit Free Press, Mar. 29, 1932; Daily Express, Apr. 19, 1932; Detroit News, Apr. 24, 1932; Nevins and Hill, Ford: Expansion and Challenge, 682. 72.Merkle, Management and Ideology, 132; Bailes, “The American Connection,” 442–44; Those Who Built Stalingrad, 54, 198; Michael David-Fox, Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 285–86, 297–99; Melnikova-Raich, “The Soviet Problem with Two ‘Unknowns,’ Part I,” 75–76; Scott, Behind the Urals, 230–31. 73.Bailes, “The American Connection,” 445; Chamberlin, Russia’s Iron Age, 61–65; R. W. Davies, Mark Harrison, and S. G. Wheatcroft, eds., The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 95, 155; Figes, Revolutionary Russia, 5, 178. 74.Wikipedia, “Alexei Gastev” (accessed Nov. 12, 2016), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei_Gastev; Melnikova-Raich, “The Soviet Problem with Two ‘Unknowns,’ Part II,” 17–20; Patrick Flaherty, “Stalinism in Transition, 1932–1937,” Radical History Review, 37 (Winter 1987). Bill Shatov, who had returned home from the United States and supervised the Turksib railway project, was exiled to Siberia in 1937 and executed the following year.

Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don't Have To
by David A. Sinclair and Matthew D. Laplante
Published 9 Sep 2019

Jenkins, “Which 19th century physicist famously said that all that remained to be done in physics was compute effects to another decimal place?,” Quora, June 26, 2016, https://www.quora.com/Which-19th-century-physicist-famously-said-that-all-that-remained-to-be-done-in-physics-was-compute-effects-to-another-decimal-place. 2. “The Road Ahead (Bill Gates book),” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Bill_Gates_book)#cite_note-Weiss06-3. 3. Kelly added a key point to that excellent mantra: “It’s by use [that] we figure out what things are good for. Which is perhaps another way of saying “Go with the flow and see where it takes you.” J. Altucher, “One Rule for Predicting What You Never Saw Coming . . . ,” The Mission, July 15, 2016, https://medium.com/the-mission/kevin-kelly-one-rule-for-predicting-what-you-never-saw-coming-1e9e4eeae1da. 4.

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Mackenbach, “Health Disadvantage in US Adults Aged 50 to 74 Years: A Comparison of the Health of Rich and Poor Americans with That of Europeans,” American Journal of Public Health 99, no. 3 (March 2009): 540–48, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150903. 66. Of all the European countries, the United Kingdom will have the oldest working population, having set the retirement age to rise to 69 by 2046. “Retirement in Europe,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement_in_Europe. 67. “Impact of Automation,” Life, July 19, 1963, 68–88. 68. A. Swift, “Most U.S. Employed Adults Plan to Work Past Retirement Age,” Gallup, May 8, 2017, http://news.gallup.com/poll/210044/employed-adults-plan-work-past-retirement-age.aspx?g_source=Economy&g_medium=lead&g_campaign=tiles. 69.

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Rice, and A. Mazumdar, “The Quest for Cradles of Life: Using the Fundamental Metallicity Relation to Hunt for the Most Habitable Type of Galaxy,” Astrophysical Journal Letters, July 15, 2015, https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04346. 27. “List of Nearest Terrestrial Exoplanet Candidates,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates. 28. George Monbiot, “Cutting Consumption Is More Important Than Limiting Population,” “George Monbiot’s Blog,” Guardian, February 25, 2009, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/georgemonbiot/2009/feb/25/population-emissions-monbiot. 29.

pages: 661 words: 156,009

Your Computer Is on Fire
by Thomas S. Mullaney , Benjamin Peters , Mar Hicks and Kavita Philip
Published 9 Mar 2021

Terry Harpold, “Dark Continents: A Critique of Internet Metageographies,” Postmodern Culture 9, no. 2 (1999), https://doi.org/10.1353/pmc.1999.0001. 13. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_of_tubes. 14. Cory Doctorow, “Sen. Stevens’ hilariously awful explanation of the Internet,” BoingBoing (July 2, 2006), https://boingboing.net/2006/07/02/sen-stevens-hilariou.html. 15. Princeton professor Ed Felten paraphrased Stevens’s quote as: “The Internet doesn’t have infinite capacity. It’s like a series of pipes. If you try to push too much traffic through the pipes, they’ll fill up and other traffic will be delayed.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_of_tubes. 16. For the range of technical concerns that go into the cable’s material and physical structure, see, e.g., https://www.globalspec.com/learnmore/optics_optical_components/fiber_optics/fiber_optic_cable. 17.

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TeleGeography’s assessment of 99% of all international communications being carried on undersea fiber optic cables was also reported by the “Builtvisible” Team in “Messages in the Deep” (2014), https://builtvisible.com/messages-in-the-deep/. For an ethnogeography of these cables, explicitly inspired by Neal Stephenson’s cable travelogue, see Nicole Starosielski, The Undersea Network (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015). For continuing updates on cable technology, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable. 20. Mark Poster, The Mode of Information: Poststructuralism and Social Context (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 129. 21. Johannes Fabian, Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014). 22.

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Fancy Bear Goes Phishing: The Dark History of the Information Age, in Five Extraordinary Hacks
by Scott J. Shapiro

decided to charge Morris with a felony: Associated Press, “Source: Misdemeanor Offered in ‘Virus’ Case,” Syracuse Post-Standard, February 2, 1989. He got a jury of noobs: Noob is short for “newbie,” a person who is inexperienced in a particular sphere or activity, especially computing or the use of the internet. most experienced: Biographical information at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rasch. “The government will prove”: Rasch, Morris transcript, 97. “Robert Tappan Morris”: 18 USC §1030 (numbering added). “You will hear evidence”: Guidoboni opening argument, Morris transcript, 113–14. turned into a number: “This new description of the machine may be called the standard description (S.D.).

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The Bulgarian Virus Factory Vesselin Bontchev: Material in the next two sections from Zoom interviews with Vesselin Bontchev, October 6, 7, and 9, 2020 (hereinafter “Interview VB”). Report on Computer Viruses: Klaus Brunnstein, Computer-Viren-Report: Gefahren, Wirkung, Aufbau, Früherkennung, Vorsorge (Munich: Wirtschaft, Recht und Steuern, 1989). Blagovest Sendov: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blagovest_Sendov. Komputar za vas: Komputar za vas 1–2 (1989): 5–6. first article: “Viruses in Memory,” Komputar za vas 4–5 (1988): 12–13. “hard plate”: “Dr. Vesselin Bontchev: Non-Replicating Malware Has Taken over the Computer Virus,” Sensors Tech Forum, November 14, 2016, https://sensorstechforum.com/dr-vesselin-bontchev-non-replicating-malware-taken-computer-virus/.

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by an Argentinean hacker: “Kournikova Computer Worm Hits Hard,” BBC News, February 13, 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1167453.stm; Graham Cluley, “Memories of the Anna Kournikova Worm,” Naked Security, February 11, 2011. White House web server: Carolyn Meinel, “Code Red: Worm Assault on the Web,” Scientific American, October 28, 2002. clicked on the email attachment: “Beast,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beast_(Trojan_horse). Beast is a remote administration tool (RAT). cannot recover for lost wages: “The most general statement of the economic loss rule is that a person who suffers only pecuniary loss through the failure of another person to exercise reasonable care has no tort cause of action against that person.”

pages: 89 words: 24,277

Designing for Emotion
by Aarron Walter
Published 4 Oct 2011

The full transcripts from the interviews I conducted with designers for this book, and a host of other resources for the emotional design enthusiast, await you on my blog, where I continue to share my research: http://aarronwalter.com/tag/emotional-design References Shortened URLs are numbered sequentially; the related long URLs are listed below for reference. Chapter 1 1 http://twitter.com/rainnwilson/status/20347529530 2 http://gettingreal.37signals.com/ Chapter 3 3 http://www.flickr.com/photos/clagnut/4947389773 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_146II-732,_Erholung_am_Flussufer.jpg 5 http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2008/12/why-mood-boards-matter/ 6 http://daringfireball.net/linked/2009/04/02/designing-convertbot Chapter 4 7 http://dribbble.com/shots/14379-Profile Chapter 6 8 http://blog.flickr.net/en/2006/07/19/temporary-storage-glitch/ 9 http://www.flickr.com/photos/14922438@N00/194463892/ 10 http://www.flickr.com/photos/41225983@N00/193706751/ 11 http://interactions.acm.org/content/?

pages: 83 words: 26,097

Payoff: The Hidden Logic That Shapes Our Motivations
by Dan Ariely
Published 15 Nov 2016

Conant, “Secrets of Positive Feedback,” Harvard Business Review, February 16, 2011, https://hbr.org/2011/02/secrets-of-positive-feedback/. 19 Eti Bonn-Muller, “China’s Sleeping Beauty,” Archaeology, April 10, 2009, http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/mawangdui/. 20 “Mawangdui,” Wikipedia, last modified March 20, 2016, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mawangdui. 21 Sam Savage, “Meet the Lady Dai,” Red Orbit, November 4, 2004, http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/100340/meet_the_lady_dai____of_145bc_/. 22 Liz Langley, “Toilets, Headless Bodies, and Other Weird Things People Get Buried With,” National Geographic, November 7, 2013, http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/11/07/toilets-headless-bodies-and-other-weird-things-people-get-buried-with/. 23 “5 People Buried with Strange Objects,” How Stuff Works: Entertainment, http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/5-people-buried-with-strange-objects.htm#page=4. 24 Matt Branham, “The Oddest Things Bequeathed in Dead People’s Wills,” November 24, 2014, http://www.mandatory.com/2014/11/24/the-oddest-things-bequeathed-in-dead-peoples-wills/.

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The Politics of Bitcoin: Software as Right-Wing Extremism
by David Golumbia
Published 25 Sep 2016

Falkvinge.net (March 22). http://falkvinge.net/. Hearn, Mike. 2016. “The Resolution of the Bitcoin Experiment.” Medium (January 14). https://medium.com/@octskyward/. Hoepman, Jaap-Henk. 2008. “Distributed Double Spending Prevention.” http://arxiv.org/. “History of Bitcoin.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/. “How Does Bitcoin Work?” 2015. Bitcoin.org. http://bitcoin.org/. Hughes, Eric. 1993. “A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto.” Electronic Frontier Foundation. http://www.eff.org/. Hutchinson, Frances, Mary Mellor, and Wendy Olsen. 2002. The Politics of Money: Towards Sustainability and Economic Democracy.

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FreeCAD: Learn Easily and Quickly
by V. K. Chaudhary
Published 14 Dec 2016

It just like a, how a new person handle the smartphone easily without guidance. I know mistake will happen during handle the FreeCAD, but I also know you will correct it shortly. Finally, it is universal truth “Practice Makes Perfect”. So do not wait, let’s start……… Bibliography http://www.freecadweb.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeCAD http://www.freecadweb.org/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Tutorials And website. [Thank You For Reading] END

pages: 407 words: 90,238

Stealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists Are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work
by Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheal
Published 21 Feb 2017

A 500 percent boost in productivity: Susie Cranston and Scott Keller, “Increasing the ‘Meaning Quotient’ of Work,” McKinsey Quarterly, January 2013. Chapter Three: Why We Missed It 1. The English Pale: There are lots of potential references, but in this case Wikipedia does a really solid job: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pale. 2. James Valentine is a tall, thin man: Author interviews with James Valentine, 2015 and 2016. 3. Consider Joan of Arc: If you’d like to consider Joan of Arc try Mark Twain, Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989), and George Bernard Shaw, Saint Joan (New York: Penguin, 2001). 4.

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“I learned there were worlds inside of me”: James Oroc, “The Second Psychedelic Revolution Part Two: Alexander ‘Sasha’ Shulgin, The Psychedelic Godfather,” Reality Sandwich, 2014, http://realitysandwich.com/217250/second-psychedelic-revolution-part-two/. 16. Sasha’s interest,” explains Johns Hopkins: Ibid. 17. The Shulgin Rating Scale: See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulgin_Rating_Scale. 18. At 22 milligrams: Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin, PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story (Berkeley, CA: Transform Press, 1991), p. 560. 19. Richard Meyers, a spokesperson for the DEA: Bennett, ”Dr. Ecstasy.” 20. Everybody knows who the Shulgins: Teafaire, “No Retirement Plan for Wizards,” teafaire.org, February 28, 2013, http://teafaerie.org/2013/02/456/. 21.

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Leading From the Emerging Future: From Ego-System to Eco-System Economies
by Otto Scharmer and Katrin Kaufer
Published 14 Apr 2013

Division for Science Policy and Sustainable Development at UNESCO, “UNESCO Science Report: The Current Status of Science around the World,” Executive Summary (UNESCO Publishing, 2010), http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001898/189883e.pdf (accessed December 9, 2012). 52. Global Forum, “90/10 Gap,” www.globalforumhealth.org/about/1090-gap/ (accessed December 9, 2012). 53. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia (accessed December 9, 2012). 54. www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2011/08/what-we-know-sure-linux’s-20th-anniversary (accessed March 2, 2013). 55. Julius Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Tübingen: Francke, 1994), 672. 56. “Und kennst du nicht dies stirb und werde, so bist du nur ein trüber Gast auf Erden.” 57.

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The Deliciously Eccentric Story of the Town Growing All Its Own Veg,” Daily Mail, December 10, 2011, www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2072383/Eccentric-town-Todmorden-growing-ALL-veg.html#ixzz1n6xuJwWzCitizens (accessed December 15, 2012). 78. www.mondragon-corporation.com/ENG.aspx (accessed December 15, 2012). 79. Raymond Saner et al., “Cooperatives—Conspicuously Absent in Trade & Development Discourse,” CSEND Policy Brief no. 8, Geneva, November 2012, www.csend.org/site-1.5/images/files/20121117_Cooperatives%20conspicoulsly%20absent.pdf (accessed December 15, 2012). 80. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet (accessed December 15, 2012); and www.ietf.org/ (accessed December 15, 2012). Chapter 4. Source 1. Peter Senge, “Closing the Feedback Loop between Mind and Matter,” privately recorded interview, March 15, 1996, www.presencing.com/presencing/dol/Senge.shtml (accessed December 14, 2012). 2.

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Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard
by Chip Heath and Dan Heath
Published 10 Feb 2010

The source of this account is Bregman’s blog, “The Easiest Way to Change People’s Behavior” (March 11, 2009), http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/bregman/2009/03/the-easiest-way-to.html, and an interview between Chip Heath and Bregman in May 2009. Becky Richards … “medication vests.” This story is based on an interview between Chip Heath and Becky Richards in June 2008 and a conference presentation by Richards at the BEACON collaborative in San Francisco in April 2008. “Sterile cockpit” rule. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterile_ Cockpit_Rule (accessed July 23, 2009). The rule was developed by the FAA in 1981 after investigations showed that some aircraft crashes during the 1970s were caused when flight crews were distracted from their instruments by idle chatter in the cockpit. The IT group … “sterile cockpit.”

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Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Stand-up meeting. See William G. Pagonis with Jeffrey L. Cruikshank (1992), Moving Mountains: Lessons in Leadership and Logistics from the Gulf War, Boston: Harvard Business School Press; the quotation is on pp. 185–186. For the use of stand-up meetings in software development, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-up_meeting (accessed May 27, 2009). Agile programmers disdain the typical IT style of delivering a whole program all at once (and typically late). Instead, they collaborate on a series of quick prototypes, each of which receives customer input, in the hope of catching problems early and preventing costly rework later.

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The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon!
by Joseph N. Pelton
Published 5 Nov 2016

Thus it would seem that higher energy intensities would likely be required for the economics of solar power satellites to work. Figure 5.2 below provides a basic schematic of a large rectenna for receiving a continuous flow of energy from space in a desert area. Fig. 5.2Giant ground rectenna for receiving power from a solar power satellite (Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-based_solar_power.) It is, of course, possible to conceive of systems that would distribute smaller amounts of power to smaller rectennas at different locations, but even if we were to think of sites that received just 250 MW of energy this would still require rectennas that were about 2.5 km2 (1 sq. mile) in area.

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There are indeed design studies that indicate that if we proceed with space mining it might be possible to fabricate solar power satellites from materials obtained from the Moon or asteroids. Figure 5.3 below represents such a solar power system derived from space mining, processing and fabrication operations in space [3]. Fig. 5.3Artist’s conception of a solar power system fabricated from materials mined from an asteroid (Image courtesy of Wikimedia commons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-based_solar_power#/media/File:Solar_power_satellite_from_an_asteroid.jpg.) This analysis, which was admittedly undertaken as part of the rationale in support of space mining ventures, argues that if space mining and space-based fabrication using 3D printing technology are all taken amazing results can be achieved—perhaps by or even before 2050.

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More From Less: The Surprising Story of How We Learned to Prosper Using Fewer Resources – and What Happens Next
by Andrew McAfee
Published 30 Sep 2019

mainly because of the strength of its oil industry: “Venezuela Facts and Figures,” OPEC, accessed March 25, 2019, http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/171.htm. Venezuela has the largest proven oil reserves in the world: “List of Countries by Proven Oil Reserves,” Wikipedia, March 4, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves. oil prices that largely stayed above $100 per barrel: “Crude Oil Prices—70 Year Historical Chart,” Macrotrends.net, accessed March 25, 2019, http://www.macrotrends.net/1369/crude-oil-price-history-chart. adults lost an average of nearly twenty pounds in a year: “Venezuela Leaps towards Dictatorship,” Economist, March 31, 2017, https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2017/03/31/venezuela-leaps-towards-dictatorship.

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the Russian-made felt pen Gorbachev tried to use didn’t work: Conor O’Clery, “Remembering the Last Day of the Soviet Union,” Irish Times, December 24, 2016, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/conor-o-clery-remembering-the-last-day-of-the-soviet-union-1.2916499. Soviet-style socialism ended… behind the Iron Curtain: “Eastern Bloc,” Wikipedia, March 25, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc#Population. Singh proposed deep changes to the way his country’s economy worked: “One More Push,” Economist, July 21, 2011, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2011/07/21/one-more-push. “1991… deserves its spot in the annals of economic history”: Ibid. about 40 percent of the world’s 1990 population: “Total Population of the World by Decade, 1950–2050,” Infoplease, accessed March 25, 2019, https://www.infoplease.com/world/population-statistics/total-population-world-decade-1950-2050.

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The Art of Invisibility: The World's Most Famous Hacker Teaches You How to Be Safe in the Age of Big Brother and Big Data
by Kevin Mitnick , Mikko Hypponen and Robert Vamosi
Published 14 Feb 2017

See http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2715396/Google-s-email-scan-helps-catch-sex-offender-tips-police-indecent-images-children-Gmail-account.html. 2. http://www.braingle.com/brainteasers/codes/caesar.php. 3. https://theintercept.com/2014/10/28/smuggling-snowden-secrets/. 4. For example, see the list here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cryptographic_algorithms. 5. Mailvelope works with Outlook, Gmail, Yahoo Mail, and several other Web-based e-mail services. See https://www.mailvelope.com/. 6. To see the metadata on your Gmail account, choose a message, open it, then click the down arrow in the upper right corner of the message.

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By “mail drop” I mean commercial mailbox outfits such as the UPS Store, although many do require a photo ID before you can obtain one. 8. http://www.wired.com/2014/10/verizons-perma-cookie/. 9. http://www.pcworld.com/article/2848026/att-kills-the-permacookie-stops-tracking-customers-internet-usage-for-now.html. 10. http://www.verizonwireless.com/support/unique-identifier-header-faqs/. 11. http://www.reputation.com/blog/privacy/how-disable-and-delete-flash-cookies; http://www.brighthub.com/computing/smb-security/articles/59530.aspx. 12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samy_Kamkar. 13. https://github.com/samyk/evercookie. 14. http://venturebeat.com/2015/07/14/consumers-want-privacy-yet-demand-personalization/. 15. http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-will-not-honor-do-not-track-2014-6. 16. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/facebook-disconnect/ejpepffjfmamnambagiibghpglaidiec?

The Art of Scalability: Scalable Web Architecture, Processes, and Organizations for the Modern Enterprise
by Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher
Published 1 Dec 2009

As we discussed in Chapter 5, Management 101, managing is a critical function for teams to perform efficiently and effectively, which in turn allows them to focus on the most critical scalability projects as well as properly prioritize work. As important as managers are, they cannot stand around all day waiting for someone to have a question about what to do in a certain situation, such as when an engineer is checking in code to the source code repository and unsure of the proper branch. Although 1. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process. T HE P URPOSE OF P ROCESS it might be helpful to have this sort of management for the engineer, it is not cost efficient. Instead, perhaps the engineering team can decide that bug fixes go into the maintenance branch and new features go into the main branch. To make sure everyone on the team knows this, someone might write it up and send it around to the team, post it on their wiki, or tell everyone about it at their next all-hands meeting.

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Performing Performance Testing Performance testing, by definition, according to Wikipedia, covers a broad range of engineering evaluations, where the emphasis is on the final measurable performance characteristics instead of the actual material or product.1 With respect to computer 1. This definition is from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_testing. 257 258 C HAPTER 17 P ERFORMANCE AND S TRESS TESTING science, performance testing is focused on determining the speed, throughput, or effectiveness of a device or piece of software. Performance testing is often called load testing and to us the terms are interchangeable.

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The cache can have its own index that could be based on recent usage or other indexing mechanism to speed up the reading of data. Table 25.1 Cache Structure (a) Database Index Data 0 $3.99 1 $5.25 2 $7.49 3 $1.15 4 $4.45 5 $9.99 (b) Cache Index Tag Datum 0 3 $1.15 1 4 $4.45 2 0 $3.99 1. According to the caching article in Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache. C ACHING D EFINED When the requesting application or user finds the data that it is asking for in the cache, this is called a cache-hit. When the data is not present in the cache, the application must go to the primary source to retrieve the data. Not finding the data in the cache is called a cache-miss.

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Hands-On Machine Learning With Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems
by Aurélien Géron
Published 13 Mar 2017

Solutions to these exercises are available in Appendix A. 1 You can get the best of both worlds by being open to biological inspirations without being afraid to create biologically unrealistic models, as long as they work well. 2 “A Logical Calculus of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity,” W. McCulloch and W. Pitts (1943). 3 Image by Bruce Blaus (Creative Commons 3.0). Reproduced from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron. 4 In the context of Machine Learning, the phrase “neural networks” generally refers to ANNs, not BNNs. 5 Drawing of a cortical lamination by S. Ramon y Cajal (public domain). Reproduced from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_cortex. 6 The name Perceptron is sometimes used to mean a tiny network with a single LTU. 7 Note that this solution is generally not unique: in general when the data are linearly separable, there is an infinity of hyperplanes that can separate them. 8 “Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation,” D.

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Solutions to these exercises are available in Appendix A. 1 Well, four dimensions if you count time, and a few more if you are a string theorist. 2 Watch a rotating tesseract projected into 3D space at http://goo.gl/OM7ktJ. Image by Wikipedia user NerdBoy1392 (Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0). Reproduced from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract. 3 Fun fact: anyone you know is probably an extremist in at least one dimension (e.g., how much sugar they put in their coffee), if you consider enough dimensions. 4 “On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to Systems of Points in Space,” K. Pearson (1901). 5 Scikit-Learn uses the algorithm described in “Incremental Learning for Robust Visual Tracking,” D.

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The Debian Administrator's Handbook, Debian Wheezy From Discovery to Mastery
by Raphaal Hertzog and Roland Mas
Published 24 Dec 2013

Furthermore, Bind supports the DNSSEC standard for signing (and therefore authenticating) DNS records, which allows blocking any spoofing of this data during man-in-the-middle attacks. CULTURE DNSSEC The DNSSEC norm is quite complex; this partly explains why it's not in widespread usage yet (even if it perfectly coexists with DNS servers unaware of DNSSEC). To understand all the ins and outs, you should check the following article. → http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions 10.6.2. Configuring Configuration files for bind, irrespective of version, have the same structure. The Falcot administrators created a primary falcot.com zone to store information related to this domain, and a 168.192.in-addr.arpa zone for reverse mapping of IP addresses in the local networks.

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matches either s or the empty string, in other words 0 or 1 occurrence of s; s+ matches one or more consecutive s characters; and so on). Parentheses allow grouping search results. The precise syntax of these expressions varies across the tools using them, but the basic features are similar. → http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression The first one checks the header mentioning the email software; if GOTO Sarbacane (a bulk email software) is found, the message is rejected. The second expression controls the message subject; if it mentions a virus notification, we can decide not to reject the message but to discard it immediately instead.

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VOCABULARY SQL injection When a program inserts data into SQL queries in an insecure manner, it becomes vulnerable to SQL injections; this name covers the act of changing a parameter in such a way that the actual query executed by the program is different from the intended one, either to damage the database or to access data that should normally not be accessible. → http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Injection Updating web applications regularly is therefore a must, lest any cracker (whether a professional attacker or a script kiddy) can exploit a known vulnerability. The actual risk depends on the case, and ranges from data destruction to arbitrary code execution, including web site defacement. 14.5.2.

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The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma
by Bessel van Der Kolk M. D.
Published 7 Sep 2015

We will return to this issue in chapter 15, where we discuss our study comparing Prozac with EMDR, in which EMDR had better long-term results than Prozac in treating depression, at least in adult onset trauma. 24. J. M. Zito, et al., “Psychotropic Practice Patterns for Youth: A 10-Year Perspective,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 157 (January 2003): 17–25. 25. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_selling_pharmaceutical_products. 26. Lucette Lagnado, “U.S. Probes Use of Antipsychotic Drugs on Children,” Wall Street Journal, August 11, 2013. 27. Katie Thomas, “J.&J. to Pay $2.2 Billion in Risperdal Settlement,” New York Times, November 4, 2013. 28. M.

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Young, Harmony of Illusions. 12. J. L. Herman, Trauma and Recovery (New York: Basic Books, 1997), 15. 13. A. Young, Harmony of Illusions. See also J. M. Charcot, Clinical Lectures on Certain Diseases of the Nervous System, vol. 3 (London: New Sydenham Society, 1888). 14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean-Martin_Charcot_chronophotography.jpg 15. P. Janet, L’Automatisme psychologique (Paris: Félix Alcan, 1889). 16. Onno van der Hart introduced me to the work of Janet and probably is the greatest living scholar of his work. I had the good fortune of closely collaborating with Onno on summarizing Janet’s fundamental ideas.

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Ibid., pp. 192–93. 10. For an account, see http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395007. 11. C. S. Myers, Shell Shock in France 1914–1918 (Cambridge UK, Cambridge University Press, 1940). 12. A. Kardiner, The Traumatic Neuroses of War (New York: Hoeber, 1941). 13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_There_Be_Light_(film). 14. G. Greer and J. Oxenbould, Daddy, We Hardly Knew You (London: Penguin, 1990). 15. A. Kardiner and H. Spiegel, War Stress and Neurotic Illness (Oxford, England: Hoeber, 1947). 16. D. J. Henderson, “Incest,” in Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 2nd ed., eds.

Likewar: The Weaponization of Social Media
by Peter Warren Singer and Emerson T. Brooking
Published 15 Mar 2018

David Kleinbard, “The $1.7 Trillion Dot.Com Lesson,” CNNMoney, November 9, 2000, http://cnnfn.cnn.com/2000/11/09/technology/overview/. 44 820 million: “Internet Users.” 44 50 percent each year: Jakob Nielsen, “Nielsen’s Law of Internet Bandwidth,” Nielsen Norman Group, April 5, 1998, https://www.nngroup.com/articles/law-of-bandwidth/. 45 voice of Salem: Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, IMDb, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0115341/. 45 “Web 2.0”: Tim O’Reilly, “What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software,” O’Reilly (website), September 30, 2005, http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html. 45 more than 2 million articles: “Wikipedia Publishes 2-Millionth Article,” Reuters, September 12, 2007, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wikipedia-growth/wikipedia-publishes-2-millionth-articleidUSN1234286820070912. 45 3 million users: Gary Rivlin, “Wallflower at the Web Party,” New York Times, October 15, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/15/business/yourmoney/15friend.html?_r=1&mtrref=en.wikipedia.org. 46 more than a million active accounts: Ami Sedghi, “Facebook: 10 Years of Social Networking, in Numbers,” The Guardian, February 4, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/feb/04/facebook-in-numbers-statistics. 46 58 million users: Ibid. 46 “300 million stories a day”: Tom Loftus, “Mark Zuckerberg’s Best Quotes,” Digits (blog), Wall Street Journal, February 1, 2012, http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/02/01/mark-zuckerbergs-best-quotes/. 46 2 billion users: Kaya Yurieff, “Facebook Hits 2 Billion Monthly Users,” CNNMoney, June 27, 2017, http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/27/technology/facebook-2-billion-users/index.html. 46 He would show off: Sarah Perez, “Mark Zuckerberg Meets Pope Francis, Gives Him a Drone,” TechCrunch, August 29, 2016, https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/29/mark-zuckerberg-meets-pope-francis-gives-him-a-drone/. 46 arbitrate the pleas: Vitaly Shevchenko, “Ukrainians Petition Facebook Against ‘Russian Trolls,’” BBC News, May 13, 2015, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32720965. 47 “Apple is reinventing”: Mic Wright, “The Original iPhone Announcement Annotated: Steve Jobs’ Genius Meets Genius,” The Next Web, September 9, 2015, https://thenextweb.com/apple/2015/09/09/genius-annotated-with-genius/. 47 $10,000: John F.

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pagemode=print&_r=0. 62 He posted them: Charles Arthur, “How Twitter and Flickr Recorded the Mumbai Terror Attacks,” The Guardian, November 27, 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/nov/27/mumbai-terror-attacks-twitter-flickr. 63 more than 1,800 times: “2008 Mumbai Attacks: Revision History,” Wikipedia, accessed March 18, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_Mumbai_attacks&dir=prev&offset=20081129144458&limit=250&action=history. 63 Google Maps would: “Map of Mumbai Attacks,” Google Maps, accessed March 18, 2018, https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=18.917400000000004%2C72.82687799999997&spn=0.007054%2C0.007864&hl=en&msa=0&z=15&ie=UTF8&mid=1I6SuyXRZLDapOIK8ViEQ3j608Tw. 63 in cellphone contact: Thomas Elkjer Nissen, #TheWeaponizationOfSocialMedia: @Characteristics_of_Contemporary_Conflicts (Royal Danish Defence College, 2015), 93, https://www.stratcomcoe.org/thomas-nissen-weaponization-social-media; Manish Agrawal, Onook Oh, and H.

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utm_term=.qvpx9MR9Pa#.xd4XkonkNa. 210 top-trending hashtags: Ibid. 210 Breitbart’s smug headline: Katie McHugh, “Twitter Allows ‘Rape Melania’ to Trend After Site Explodes with Trump Assassination Threats,” Breitbart, November 13, 2016, http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/11/13/twitter-allows-rape-melania-to-trend-after-site-explodes-with-trump-assassination-threats/. 210 Posobiec also admitted: Bernstein, “Inside the Alt-Right’s Campaign.” 210 “character assassination”: “Talk:Jack Posobiec,” Wikipedia, accessed March 20, 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jack_Posobiec#Character_assassination. 211 volunteer “Internet Army”: “Yuriy Stets, Minister of Information Policy Wants to Create ‘Internet Army,’” Euromaidan Press, January 28, 2015, http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/01/28/yuriy-stets-minister-of-information-policy-wants-to-create-internet-army/. 211 turned it into a joke: “Ukrainian Internet Army Report Card: ‘A’ for Effort ‘F’ for Achievement,” Sputnik, June 3, 2015, https://sputniknews.com/science/201503061019154259/. 211 Center of Defense Against Disinformation: Rachel Stern, “Germany’s Plan to Fight Fake News,” Christian Science Monitor, January 9, 2017, https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/2017/0109/Germany-s-plan-to-fight-fake-news. 211 “ministry of truth”: “Ministry of Truth?

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Python Requests Essentials
by Rakesh Vidya Chandra and Bala Subrahmanyam Varanasi
Published 16 Jun 2015

In this chapter, we will discuss tricks of the trade to extract information from web resources by following all the principles of web scraping. Before we begin, let's get to know some important concepts that will help us to reach our goal. Take a look at the response content format of a request, which will introduce us to a particular type of data: >>> import requests >>> r = requests.get("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms") >>> r <Response [200]> >>> r.text u'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="client-nojs">\ n<head>\n<meta charset="UTF-8" />\n<title>List of algorithms - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>\n... [ 65 ] Web Scraping with Python Requests and BeautifulSoup In the preceding example, the response content is rendered in the form of semistructured data, which is represented using HTML tags; this in turn helps us to access the information about the different sections of a web page individually.

pages: 114 words: 27,996

Responsive Web Design
by Ethan Marcotte
Published 4 Jun 2011

1117 49 http://chrispederick.com/work/web-developer/ 50 http://www.alistapart.com/articles/smartphone-browser-landscape/ 51 http://www.flickr.com/photos/filamentgroup/5149016958/ 52 http://yiibu.com/about/site/ 53 http://www.hesketh.com/publications/inclusive_web_design_for_the_future/ 54 http://www.the-haystack.com/2011/01/07/there-is-no-mobile-web/ 55 http://matmarquis.com/carousel/ 56 http://filamentgroup.com/lab/responsive_images_experimenting_with_context_aware_image_sizing/ Resources 57 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canons_of_page_construction 58 http://www.amazon.com/dp/0520250125/ 59 http://www.amazon.com/dp/3721201450/ 60 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0321703537/ 61 http://www.fivesimplesteps.com/books/practical-guide-designing-grid-systems-for-the-web 62 http://www.markboulton.co.uk/journal/comments/a-richer-canvas 63 http://www.thegridsystem.org/ 64 http://www.alistapart.com/articles/fluidgrids/ 65 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/ 66 https://developer.mozilla.org/En/CSS/Media_queries 67 https://github.com/filamentgroup/Responsive-Images 68 http://unstoppablerobotninja.com/entry/responsive-images/ 69 http://filamentgroup.com/lab/responsive_images_experimenting_with_context_aware_image_sizing/ 70 http://clagnut.com/blog/268/ 71 http://bryanrieger.com/issues/mobile-image-adaptation 72 http://www.alistapart.com/articles/dao 73 http://adactio.com/journal/1716/ 74 http://adactio.com/journal/4443/ 75 http://timkadlec.com/2011/03/responsive-web-design-and-mobile-context/ 76 http://globalmoxie.com/blog/mobile-web-responsive-design.shtml 77 http://www.cloudfour.com/weekend-reading-responsive-web-design-and-mobile-context/ 78 http://unstoppablerobotninja.com/entry/with-good-references/ 79 http://unstoppablerobotninja.com/entry/toffee-nosed/ Index 37signals 101–102 .get() 136 A A List Apart 117, 142, 151 Allsopp, John 5, 140, 143 AlphaImageLoader 52–54 Android 98, 103 append() 136 Apple 79, 80 B background-position 58 background-size 58 BlackBerry 99 Boulton, Mark 14, 140, 142 Bowman, Doug 55 C Cederholm, Dan 54, 58, 103, 140 Champeon, Steven 128 Cog’aoke 109–110 Croft, Jeff 107 css3-mediaqueries.js 99–100 D Dao De Jing 106 DD_belatedPNG library 52 Diller, Drew 52 display area 75–77 display: none 111 F Finck, Nick 128 fluid grid 25, 34, 41 font-size 18–21, 73, 74, 84, 105 Frost, Robert 1 G Galaxy Tab 102 Grid Systems in Graphic Design 14, 142 H Happy Cog 103, 151 Hay, Stephen 129, 140 Hicks, Jon 104–105 I initial-scale 80 interactive design review 118 Internet Explorer 7, 47–52 iPad 79, 83, 102 iPhone 74, 79–81 J Jehl, Scott 99, 140 jQuery 131–137 jQuery Backstretch plugin 58 K Kindle 102–103, 114 Koch, Peter-Paul 98, 117, 140 L League Gothic 82, 84 link 73, 75 M Mann, Merlin 111 margin 27, 29–31, 33–40 Marquis, Mat 131, 140 max-width: 100% 45–53, 59–62 media types 71–74 Meyer, Eric 18 mobile first 111–113, 122, 124–127, 138, 140, 143 Mobile Safari 80, 81, 98 Mod, Craig 1 Modernist period 13 Mozilla 80, 98, 142 Müller-Brockmann, Josef 14, 142 N “Noise to Noise Ratio” Flickr set 111 Nook 102, 114 O Opera Mini 98 Opera Mobile 98 orientation 77, 78, 79 overflow 59–61 overflow: hidden 60, 88 P padding 33–40, 66, 91 Pearce, James 107 R rendering surface 75–77 reset stylesheet 17–18 respond.js 99–100, 122 Responsive architecture 7 Rieger, Bryan 62, 127, 140, 143 Rieger, Stephanie 127, 140 Robbin, Scott 58 Romantic period 13 Ruder, Emil 14 Rutter, Richard 45, 59, 140, 143 S Samsung 102 sizingMethod 52 Stefanov, Stoyan 53 T target ÷ context = result 20, 31–32, 35, 41 Tofte, Svend 48 Tschichold, Jan 14, 142 typographic grid 15, 142 V viewport meta element 80 Vinh, Khoi 14, 140, 142 Voltron 116 W Web Developer Toolbar 116 webOS 98 width 3–4, 6, 15, 26–40 width=device-width 80 Windows Phone 99 Wren, Christopher 7 Wroblewski, Luke 111, 138, 140, 143 Y Yiibu 127 About A Book Apart Web design is about multi-disciplinary mastery and laser focus, and that’s the thinking behind our brief books for people who make websites.

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Bad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of Capitalism
by Ha-Joon Chang
Published 26 Dec 2007

Given that patent suits are notoriously expensive to fight, this means that resource is diverted from generating new ideas to defending existing ones. 42 In a letter to Robert Hooke, dated February 5 1676. 43 Thus, Jefferson’s view of what we can and cannot own was the exact opposite of what we have today – he may have thought nothing of owning other people, but he found it absurd that people should be allowed to own ideas and have their rights protected through an artificial monopoly created by the government called patents. 44 Especially with ‘golden rice 2’, developed in 2005 by Syngenta, which now owns the technology, the benefits could be even greater. Golden rice 2 produces 23 times more beta carotene than the original golden rice. 45 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_rice. Xerophthalmia (Greek for dry eyes) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye with abnormal dryness and corrugation (Oxford English Dictionary). 46 On the golden rice controversy, see RAFI (Rural Advancement Foundation International) (2000), RAFI Communique, September/October 2000, Issue #66.

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Eijffinger & J. de Haan (1996), ‘The Political Economy of Central-bank Independence’, Special Papers in International Economics, No. 19, Princeton University and B. Sikken & J. de Haan (1998), Budget Deficits, Monetization, and ‘Central-bank Independence in Developing Countries’, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 50, no. 3. 23 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board 24 On the evolution of IMF policy in Korea following the 1997 crisis, see S-J. Shin & H-J. Chang (2003), Restructuring Korea Inc. (Routledge Curzon, London), chapter 3. 25 J. Stiglitz (2001), Globalization and Its Discontents (Allen Lane, London), chapter 3. 26 H-J.

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PostgreSQL 9 Admin Cookbook: Over 80 Recipes to Help You Run an Efficient PostgreSQL 9. 0 Database
by Simon Riggs and Hannu Krosing
Published 23 Oct 2010

If, for some reason, you don't trust that or that has been disabled, then incremental backup is not for you. pg_dump doesn't allow WHERE clauses to be specified, so even if you add your own columns to track last_changed_date you'll still need to perform that manually somehow. 297 Backup and Recovery There's more... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup_rotation_scheme gives further useful information. While thinking about incremental backup, you should note that replication techniques work by continually applying changes onto a full backup. This could be considered a technique for an incremental updated backup, also known as an "incremental forever" backup strategy.

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There is much that can and will be written on these topics for which we do not have space here. Necessarily, this means that we also neglect to mention a number of projects associated with PostgreSQL replication and clustering. The main single Master replication solutions are covered here. See also Visit the following URL for more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(computer_science) 303 Replication & Upgrades Replication best practices Some general best practices for running replication systems are described in this chapter. How to do it... ff Use similar hardware and OS on all systems: Replication allows nodes to switch roles. If we switchover or failover to different hardware, we may get performance issues and it will be hard to maintain a smoothly running application.

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Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines His Former Life on Drugs
by Marc Lewis Phd
Published 5 Mar 2013

Chapter 2 p. 28. The names Raven House and Burdell have been changed. Peter Smits is not the boy’s real name. p. 33. Wikipedia summarizes some of the effects and mechanisms of dextromethorphan intoxication: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextromethorphan. Wikipedia also offers a more extended discussion of NMDA antagonists, including dextromethorphan, ketamine, and PCP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor_antagonist. p. 38. Statistics on the current use of ketamine are from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Chapter 3 p. 43.

Gaming the Vote: Why Elections Aren't Fair (And What We Can Do About It)
by William Poundstone
Published 5 Feb 2008

. \ 10 'We disavow and condemn", Ibid. 110 Rumor of Rove's involvement: Moore and Slater 2003, 69, 110 "They pretty much admitted": Ibid, 110 "There's no evidence that Rove": Ibid., 69-70. 112 "I thought it would be bad for us": BIumenthal2004a_ 112 "should be given all the fair-labor standards"- Buchanan and Nader 2004. 112 Major contractor of RNC: Miller and Irmas 2005, which reports 2004 RNC payments of $8.4 million to Sprout. 113 "pretty mad": Knapp 2004_ 113 "clearly nonplussed": Blumenthal 2004a. 113 "Confronted with the accusation", Blumenthal 2004b. 113 ''I'm not being paid"- quoted in Blumenthal2004a. 114 Democratic e-mail: Cohen 2004. 115 "opposed to Congressional pay raises", Ibid. 115 "perhaps the one issue out of a thousand": Ibid_ 300 Notes 115 "pull some very crucial votes", Ibid. 115 "apparently embarrassed at how many will be shown"' [bid. 1[5 "It's a free country": [bid. 115 "it is my fervent hope", Brewer 2004, li5 "We won't take any signatures from them": Cohen 2004. 116 "We have to get on the ballot": Ibid, 116 "We don't want that money": Ibid. 116 "It is conceivable that pro-Bush, pro-Republicans": Ibid. 116 "Republicans are human beings too"· [bid. 116 Moore biography: Walley 2003 and Wikipedia entry, www.en.wikipedia.org/wikil Roy_Moore, 117 «If the feds want this plaque'"; Walley 2003. 117 "call out the State Police": [bid. 117 Third·largest party, Clarkson 2004, which says the Constitution Party had 320,000 members. 1[8 "Why Christians Should Not Vote", www.imeUe<:tualconservative.com/articJe3114 .htmL liS 'The possibility thaI Roy Moore": Clarkson 2004. liS "the Supreme Courl shall not have jurisdiction", HR 3799, I [S '"lhere's nothing to keep lhree men"': Clarkson 2004, quoling a New York Times piece. liS "Some judge would probably let a man'": Ibid. liS "[ personally like Judge Roy Moore", Ibid, l 19 "After you have divided up the secure Bush states"· Ibid. ll9 Sifry On Colorado and Oregon: [bid. 119 "It's Time for Democrats": Noah 2004. ll9 "BUI, if Alabamians have learned anything' quoted in Clarkson 2004. 6.

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Terry Sanford to Donald Saari, April 19, 1985, reported in Saari and Van Newenhizen 1988b, 141-45. 217 'They had three excellent candidates", Saari, interview, Irvine, Calif., Mar. 21,2006, 13. Last Man Standing 219 'That's the Condot<~et winner!": Saari, interview, Irvine, Calif., Mar, 21, 2006. 220 '" find the Condorcet winner"· Saari 1995,46, 220 "Pairwise voting is a mess!", 'bid., 70. 221 "I Yes, As a matter", see comments and vote results at www.en,wikipedia,org! wikiJWikipedia:ManuaLoLStyle_%28biographies%29/Survey_on_Style-Prellxed_ Honorary_Tides. 222 "Forgive me for having"; WW\v,en.wikipedia.orglwikiM'ikipedia_talkHow_IO_hold_ a_consensus_vote. 222 "This is not the purpose"· ibid, 223 "true majority voting": Dasguptll and Maskin 2004. 223 "suspicious numbers", Yee, interview (phone), July 2 I, 2006, 224 "suggests to me that it Is; www.en,wikipedia,orglwikil'Nikipedia_talkHow_to_ hold_a_consensus_vote. 225 The Condorcer winner doesn't necessarily deserve to win: See Saari [995. 227 "Manipulative behavior is important", Ibid., 12-13. 227 Saari's talk ro fourth·graders: Saari 1991. 227 "Kids wanted to write Congress"· Saari, inlerview. 227 "I think the field"; Ibid. 228 "I thought for sure [this idea] was correct", Ibid. 228 'The Borda count, because of its symmetry": Ibid, 307 Notes 228 "the easiest to manipulate", Mclean 2003, 16. 228 "wide"spread prior knowledge", Saari 1995, 235-36. 229 ''You start getting into these debates": Smith, interview (phone\ Oct. 26, 2006. 230 'There are billions of properties"': Saari, interview. 230 "Academics probably are not", Brams and Fishburn 2003,5. 231 "Ever hang OUI with your friends": ""-"W.hotornot.com/pagesiabout.htmL 232 NetNielson rating: en.wikipedia.orglwiki/Hot_or_Not. 14.

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The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy
by Aaron Perzanowski and Jason Schultz
Published 4 Nov 2016

See also Laura Northrup, “Here’s Why Digital Rights Management Is Stupid and Anti-Consumer,” Consumerist (blog), November 26, 2012, http://consumerist.com/2012/11/26/heres-why-digital-rights-management-is-stupid-and-anti-consumer/, accessed September 5, 2015. 6. “Smart Cow Problem,” Wikipedia, last modified June 3, 2014, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_cow_problem, accessed September 5, 2015. 7. Home Recording of Copyrighted Works: Hearings on H.R. 4783, H.R. 4794, H.R. 4808, H.R. 5250, H.R. 5488, and H.R. 5705 Before the Subcomm. on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Admin. of Justice of the H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 97th Cong. (1982) (testimony of Jack Valenti, president, Motion Picture Association of America, Inc.), http://cryptome.org/hrcw-hear.htm, accessed September 5, 2015. 8.

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See, e.g., Andrew “bunnie” Huang, Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering (San Francisco: No Starch Press, 2003); MythTV, https://www.mythtv.org/, accessed September 7, 2015. 14. See “First Jailbreaks by Device and iOS Version,” in “iOS Jailbreaking,” Wikipedia, last modified September 6, 2015, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking, accessed September 7, 2015. 15. Responsive Comment of Apple Inc. in Opposition to Proposed Exemption 5A and 11A (Class #1), In re Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies, No. RM 2008-8 (U.S. Copyright Office, February 2, 2009), https://www.eff.org/files/filenode/dmca_2009/apple-inc-31.pdf, accessed September 7, 2015; Response of Apple Inc. to Questions Submitted by the Copyright Office Concerning Exemptions 5A and 11A (Class #1), In re Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies, No.

pages: 227 words: 32,306

Using Open Source Platforms for Business Intelligence: Avoid Pitfalls and Maximize Roi
by Lyndsay Wise
Published 16 Sep 2012

On a high level, Bill Inmon,3 known as the father of data warehousing, believed in the concept of building a centralized data warehouse with separate data marts4 to address the needs of individual departments or reporting requirements, whereas Ralph Kimball,5 known as the father of business intelligence, believed in the opposite approach in essence, the importance of building individual data marts that reside within a broader data warehouse infrastructure.6 Over time, these 3 For more general information on Bill Inmon you can refer to Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Inmon A data mart can almost be defined as a mini data warehouse. Essentially, a data mart is a subset of the information you would want stored in a data warehouse and usually represents a set of information required for reporting or analysis within a specific business unit i.e., a repository of specified information. For more information, you can refer to: http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/data-mart 5 For more general information on Ralph Kimball you can refer to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Kimball 6 http://www.nagesh.com/publications/technology/173-inmon-vs-kimball-an-analysis.html 4 8 CHAPTER 1 Introducing BI approaches have guided companies on how to build their BI strategies.

pages: 346 words: 101,763

Confessions of a Microfinance Heretic
by Hugh Sinclair
Published 4 Oct 2012

Reported on Kiva Microfunds IRS Form 990 2010, pp. 18–28, http://cms.kiva.org.s3.amazonaws.com/Kiva_Form_990_-_2010.pdf. 27. Kiva Microfunds Financial Statements for 2010 and 2009, p. 5. 28. Report on MiCredito, Kiva.org, July 7, 2011, www.kiva.org/partners/176. 29. Available at www.mixmarket.org/node/27819/report. 30. The latest statistics are at www.kiva.org/about/stats. 31. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiva_%28organization%29; also see the section entitled “Full-repayment frequency uncertainty,” just above the section “Bloodsports.” 32. On www.facebook.com/kiva?sk=info. 33. All emails are reproduced on the book website. 34. Flannery to the author, March 9, 2009. 35. “New York Times Article on Microfinance Interest Rates and Profits,” http://kivanews.blogspot.com/2010/04/new-york-times-article-on-microfinance.html. 36.

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See also the Wikipedia entry on the subject, which states, “NORAD published an official statement clearing Yunus and Grameen Bank from any wrongdoing.” This is open to interpretation on the exact meaning of the word clearing, but the truth appears slightly less clear-cut than the mainstream media cares to present. See the section “Disproved allegations from a Danish documentary,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus. 37. Grameen Bank Fact Sheet, third paragraph, p. 1. 38. The site, www.friendsofgrameen.com, was recently removed and then restored. Original documents available on book website. 39. Roodman, “Does Compartamos Charge 195% Interest?” 40. “Yoghurt Adulteration: Yunus Lands in Court,” Rediff Business, January 28, 2011, www.rediff.com/business/report/yoghurt-adulteration-yunus-lands-incourt/20110128.htm. 41.

pages: 377 words: 97,144

Singularity Rising: Surviving and Thriving in a Smarter, Richer, and More Dangerous World
by James D. Miller
Published 14 Jun 2012

Intelligence Expert X (2010). 197. Levine (2010). 198. Levine (2010). 199. Levine (2010). 200. Miller (2000). 201. Nieli (2010), summarizing Espenshade and Radford (2009). 202. Hunt (2011). 203. Section informed by discussion with Carl Shulman. The breast example, however, is mine. 204. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_palates as it appeared on June 6, 2011. 205. Hunt (2011). 206. BBC (2004). 207. Armstrong (2010). 208. Hazlett et al. (2005). 209. Wallis (2011). 210. Any similarities between this book’s description of hyperlexia and the hyperlexia article in Wikipedia comes from this author having substantially edited the Wikipedia entry. 211.

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In 2004 I was the Republican nominee for the Massachusetts State Senate for Hampshire and Franklin counties. 287. Buck v. Bell, 274 US 200 (1927). 288. http://singinst.org/summit2007/quotes/rodneybrooks/ 289. https://attra.ncat.org/intern_handbook/history.html 290. Cowen (2011). 291. Cowen (2011) and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Chess as it appeared on March 11, 2011. 292. I’m assuming that transaction costs are not so large as to eat up all of the gains from this trade. 293. Hanson (November 30, 2009). 294. Aaronson (2008). 295. This includes indirect agricultural production in which a country produces food by making non-edible items and trading them to other countries for food. 296.

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An Economist Gets Lunch: New Rules for Everyday Foodies
by Tyler Cowen
Published 11 Apr 2012

On sugar, see John Mariani, America Eats Out: An Illustrated History of Restaurants, Taverns, Coffee Shops, Speakeasies, and Other Establishments That Have Fed Us for 350 Years (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1991), pp. 156–57. For some basic references on dry counties, see David J. Hanson, “Dry Counties,” http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/controversies/1140551076.html and the Wikipedia page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state. For a more extensive look at dry localities, there are the various editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States. On wine and the 1970s, see the restaurant figures for allowed drinking in different states and counties drawn from various editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States.

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Gelbach, Jonathan Klick, and Thomas Stratmann, “Cheap Donuts and Expensive Broccoli: The Effects of Relative Prices on Obesity,” March 13, 2007, http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/JKlick_Cheap_Donuts.pdf. For another look at the difficulty of designing workable obesity taxes, see Jason M. Fletcher, David Frisvold, and Nathan Teff, “Can Soft Drink Taxes Reduce Population Weight?” Contemporary Economic Policy, January 2010, vol. 1, no. 28, pp. 23–35. For some hunger estimates, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger. For a more skeptical view, see Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, “More Than 1 Billion People Are Hungry in the World, But What if the Experts Are Wrong?” Foreign Policy, May/June 2011. For the information on declining U.S. agricultural productivity, see Julian M. Alston, Matthew A.

pages: 356 words: 103,944

The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy
by Dani Rodrik
Published 23 Dec 2010

Williamson, “Once More: When Did Globalisation Begin?” European Review of Economic History, 8 (2004), pp. 109–17, for estimates of the growth rate of world trade during different historical eras. 2 John Morley, The Life of Richard Cobden (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1905), p. 711. Quoted in the Wikipedia entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cobden-Chevalier_Treaty. 3 The indispensable source on nineteenth-century tariff history is Paul Bairoch, “European Trade Policy, 1815–1914,” in Peter Mathias and Sydney Pollard, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 8: The Industrial Economies: The Development of Economic and Social Policies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 11–161. 4 Ibid., p. 138. 5 Southern interests had managed to insert a clause in the U.S.

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(Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 29. 18 The relationship among the key central bankers of the interwar period is the subject of Liaquat Ahamed’s Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World (New York: Penguin, 2009). 19 Eichengreen, Globalizing Capital, chap. 2. 20 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London: Macmillan, 1919), p. 11. 21 The speech ends as follows: “Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a Gold Standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.” The “them” in question are the bankers and other northeastern interests. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cross_of_gold_speech. 22 The efficacy of reputation in sustaining international lending continues to be debated about economists and political scientists. For a recent evaluation, which suggests reputation can be quite effective, see Michael Tomz, Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt across Three Centuries (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007). 23 Quoted in Gallagher and Robinson, “The Imperialism of Free Trade,” pp. 4–5. 24 David J.

pages: 347 words: 99,317

Bad Samaritans: The Guilty Secrets of Rich Nations and the Threat to Global Prosperity
by Ha-Joon Chang
Published 4 Jul 2007

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Eijffinger & J. de Haan (1996),‘The Political Economy of Central-bank Independence’, ‘Special Papers in International Economics’, No. 19, Princeton University and B. Sikken & J. de Haan (1998), ‘Budget Deficits, Monetization, and Central-bank Independence in Developing Countries’, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 50, no. 3. 23 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board 24 On the evolution of IMF policy in Korea following the 1997 crisis, see S-J. Shin & H-J. Chang (2003), Restructuring Korea Inc. (Routledge Curzon, London), chapter 3. 25 J. Stiglitz (2001), Globalization and Its Discontents (Allen Lane, London), chapter 3. 26 H-J.

pages: 471 words: 97,152

Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism
by George A. Akerlof and Robert J. Shiller
Published 1 Jan 2009

All of these actions by the Fed can be considered use of the discount window, although in nontraditional ways. 11. http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20081007d.htm and http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20081021b.htm. 12. See the explanation given by the Federal Reserve at http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/monetary20081125a1.pdf 13. U.S. Department of the Treasury (2008, p. 2). 14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae. 15. An excellent survey of Sweden’s resolution of its banking crisis during the 1990s has been given by Englund (1999). After the crisis was over, the banks returned to profitability (Figure 6, p. 90). 16. Morgenson (2008). 17. Benoit et al. (2008). CHAPTER EIGHT WHY ARE THERE PEOPLE WHO CANNOT FIND A JOB?

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CPI deflator from Economic Report of the President (2008, Table B-7, p. 234). 8. In Los Angeles prices rose 173%; in Miami they rose 181% (Case 2008, Table 2). 9. We have two estimates of the size of hedge funds. Andrew Lo (2008) claims that they have capital in excess of $1 trillion. Other sources put their capital as high as $2.68 trillion. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_fund for a discussion and also references. Surely these numbers are not well defined, since they depend on what is included under the rubric hedge fund. What matters is that the capital of hedge funds is large, and with their leverage they hold very large quantities of assets. Indeed this imprecise language describes the true position of hedge funds with much more precision than any specific number. 10.

pages: 417 words: 97,577

The Myth of Capitalism: Monopolies and the Death of Competition
by Jonathan Tepper
Published 20 Nov 2018

Kindle Edition, locations 322–323. 63. https://www.seattletimes.com/business/tech-giants-put-the-squeeze-on-startups-squelching-their-chances-of-success/. 64. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/20/tech-startups-facebook-amazon-google-apple. 65. https://www.recode.net/2017/5/10/15602814/amazon-invested-startup-nucleus-cloned-alexa-echo-show-voice-control-touchscreen-video. 66. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_data_centers. 67. https://peering.google.com/#/infrastructure. 68. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5275893/Google-reveals-plan-build-THREE-new-undersea-cables.html. 69. http://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-facebook-plcn-internet-cable/. 70. https://www.ben-evans.com/benedictevans/2017/10/12/scale-wetxp. 71. https://www.theringer.com/tech/2018/5/18/17362452/microsoft-antitrust-lawsuit-netscape-internet-explorer-20-years. 72. https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Microsoft-Asked-Apple-to-Knife-the-Baby-Court-2980345.php. 73. https://promarket.org/google-facebooks-kill-zone-weve-taken-focus-off-rewarding-genius-innovation-rewarding-capital-scale/.

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S3 (August 2014): S67–S100. https://doi.org/10.1086/675862. Chapter 8: Regulation and Chemotherapy 1. http://www.jeffslegacy.com/book.html and http://www.wilsonsdisease.org/for-patients-families/stories. 2. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/06/the-valeant-meltdown-and-wall-streets-major-drug-problem. 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeant_Pharmaceuticals. 4. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/business/how-valeant-cashed-in-twice-on-higher-drug-prices.html. 5. http://fortune.com/2016/10/17/valeant-new-drug-price-hikes/. 6. https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/valeant-increases-price-on-lead-poisoning-drug-by-2700-but-american-kids-dont-need-it-anyway-110416.html. 7. https://www.streetinsider.com/Corporate+News/Imprimis+Pharma+(IMMY)+Announces+Lower-Cost+Option+to+Valeants+(VRX)+Lead+Poisoning+Treatment/12136830.html. 8. https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilywillingham/2016/10/16/cost-for-valeants-lead-poisoning-treatment-increased-7250-in-six-years/#22903eef26a8. 9. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/imprimis-pharmaceuticals-announces-availability-of-lower-cost-option-for-the-treatment-of-lead-poisoning-300345605.html. 10.

Who Rules the World?
by Noam Chomsky

Christine Harper and Michael J. Moore, “Goldman Sachs CEO Blankfein Is Awarded $12.6 Million in Stock,” Bloomberg Business, 29 January 2011. 26. Eszter Zalan, “Hungary’s Orban Wins Another Term, Jobbik Support Jumps,” EU Observer, 7 April 2014. 27. See Wikipedia, “Austrian Legislative Election, 2008,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_legislative_election,_2008#Results. 28. Donny Gluckstein, Nazis, Capitalism, and the Working Class (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 1999), 37. 29. Matthew Weaver, “Angela Merkel: German Multiculturalism Has ‘Utterly Failed,’” Guardian (London), 17 October 2010. 30. Darren Samuelsohn, “John Shimkus Cites Genesis on Climate Change,” Politico, 10 December 2010. 31.

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James Kendall Hosmer, The Life of Young Sir Henry Vane, Governor of Massachusetts Bay, and Leader of the Long Parliament: With a Consideration of the English Commonwealth as a Forecast of America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1888), held by Cornell University Library, 462. 4. The Famous Old Charter of Rhode Island, Granted by King Charles II, in 1663 (Providence, RI: I. H. Cady, 1842). See also Wikipedia, “Rhode Island Royal Charter,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island_Royal_Charter. 5. Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009). 6. Dudley Jones and Tony Watkins, eds., A Necessary Fantasy?: The Heroic Figure in Children’s Popular Culture, (New York: Taylor and Francis, 2000). 7.

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The Sum of Small Things: A Theory of the Aspirational Class
by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett
Published 14 May 2017

Again I must thank Kate Berridge for this example. 17. Wallace-Hadrill 1994; Berridge 2007. 18. Berridge 2007. 19. Interview with Kate Berridge. 20. Wallace-Hadrill 1994, p. 166. 21. Wallace-Hadrill 1990. 22. Price 2014. 23. Richards 1991, p. 8. 24. Charles et al. 2009. 25. Richards 1991. 26. A/X data: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armani#Armani_Exchange. J.Crew data: http://www.vault.com/company-profiles/retail/j-crew-group,-inc/company-overview.aspx. Ralph Lauren data: http://www.vault.com/company-profiles/general-consumer-products/ralph-lauren-corporation/company-overview.aspx. The Gap data: http://www.gapinc.com/content/gapinc/html/aboutus/keyfacts.html. 27. http://www.economist.com/node/17963363. 28.

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For some thorough summaries of the environmental movement, key events, literature, and legislation, please see the following websites: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/earthdays/; http://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/environmental-studies/environmental-movement; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States; https://www.minnpost.com/earth-journal/2013/07/25-classics-environmental-writing-help-your-summer-reading-list. 40. Inglehart 2000, p. 223. 41. Inglehart 2000. 42. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=6225503. 43. Doherty and Etzioni 2003. Please see http://simplicitycollective.com/start-here/what-is-voluntary-simplicity-2 for general overviews on the movement and its history. 44.

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Advances in Financial Machine Learning
by Marcos Lopez de Prado
Published 2 Feb 2018

Raschka, S. (2015): Python Machine Learning, 1st ed. Packt Publishing. Notes 1 For an introduction to ensemble methods, please visit: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ ensemble.html. 2 I would not typically cite Wikipedia, however, on this subject the user may find some of the illustrations in this article useful: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff. 3 For an intuitive explanation of Random Forest, visit the following link: https://quantdare.com/random -forest-many-is-better-than-one/. 4 For a visual explanation of the difference between bagging and boosting, visit: https://quantdare.com/ what-is-the-difference-between-bagging-and-boosting/.

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More information about NERSC can be found at http://nersc.gov/. 2 The HDF Group web site is https://www.hdfgroup.org/. 3 The National Strategic Computing Initiative plan is available online at https://www.whitehouse.gov/ sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/NSCI%20Strategic%20Plan.pdf. The Wikipedia page on this topic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Strategic_Computing_Initiative) also has some useful links to additional information. 4 Information about HPC4Manufacturing is available online at https://hpc4mfg.llnl.gov/. Index Absolute return attribution method Accounting data Accuracy binary classification problems and measurement of AdaBoost implementation Adaptable I/O System (ADIOS) Alternative data Amihud's lambda Analytics Annualized Sharpe ratio Annualized turnover, in backtesting Asset allocation classical areas of mathematics used in covariance matrix in diversification in Markowitz's approach to Monte Carlo simulations for numerical example of practical problems in quasi-diagonalization in recursive bisection in risk-based.

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Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets From Inside Amazon
by Colin Bryar and Bill Carr
Published 9 Feb 2021

https://www.whatissixsigma.net/what-is-six-sigma/. 2 Donald J. Wheeler, Understanding Variation: The Key to Managing Chaos (Knoxville, TN: SPC Press, 2000), 13. 3 XMR or individual/moving-range charts are a type of control chart used to monitor process quality and the limits of variability. See more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_chart. Introduction to Part Two 1 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2015, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312516530910/d168744dex991.htm. 2 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2008, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312509081096/dex991.htm. 3 “Introducing Fire, the First Smartphone Designed by Amazon,” press release, Amazon press center, June 18, 2014, https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/introducing-fire-first-smartphone-designed-amazon. 4 Washington Post Live, “Jeff Bezos Wants to See an Entrepreneurial Explosion in Space,” Washington Post, May 20, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-live/wp/2016/04/07/meet-amazon-president-jeff-bezos/. 5 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 1999, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312519103013/d727605dex991.htm.

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Chapter 9: Prime Video 1 The word “Instant” was dropped in 2015. 2 Rob Beschizza, “Amazon Unbox on TiVo Goes Live,” Wired, March 7, 2007, https://www.wired.com/2007/03/amazon-unbox-on/. 3 Tim Arango, “Time Warner Views Netflix as a Fading Star,” New York Times, December 12, 2010, https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/13/business/media/13bewkes.html (accessed July 1, 2020). 4 Mike Boas, “The Forgotten History of Amazon Video,” Medium, March 14, 2018, https://medium.com/@mikeboas/the-forgotten-history-of-amazon-video-c030cba8cf29. 5 Paul Thurrott, “Roku Now Has 27 Million Active Users,” Thurrott, January 7, 2019, https://www.thurrott.com/music-videos/197204/roku-now-has-27-million-active-users. 6 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2012, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312513151836/d511111dex991.htm. 7 “Amazon Fire Tablet,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Fire_tablet (accessed June 30, 2020). Chapter 10: AWS 1 “What Is Cloud Computing?” AWS, https://aws.amazon.com/what-is-cloud-computing/. 2 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2017, Day One, April 18, 2018, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312518121161/d456916dex991.htm. 3 Jeff Barr, “My First 12 Years at Amazon.com,” Jeff Barr’s Blog, August 19, 2014, http://jeff-barr.com/2014/08/19/my-first-12-years-at-amazon-dot-com/. 4 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2006, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312507093886/dex991.htm. 5 “Amazon.com Launches Web Services; Developers Can Now Incorporate Amazon.com Content and Features into Their Own Web Sites; Extends ‘Welcome Mat’ for Developers,” press release, Amazon press center, July 16, 2002, https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazoncom-launches-web-services. 6 “Amazon.com Web Services Announces Trio of Milestones—New Tool Kit, Enhanced Web Site and 25,000 Developers in the Program,” press release, Amazon press center, May 19, 2003, https://press.aboutamazon.com/news-releases/news-release-details/amazoncom-web-services-announces-trio-milestones-new-tool-kit. 7 Jeff Bezos, “Letter to Shareholders,” 2015, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312516530910/d168744dex991.htm. 8 Werner Vogels, “10 Lessons from 10 Years of Amazon Web Services,” All Things Distributed, March 11, 2016, https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2016/03/10-lessons-from-10-years-of-aws.html.

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Vaxxers: The Inside Story of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine and the Race Against the Virus
by Sarah Gilbert and Catherine Green
Published 7 Jul 2021

However, the Our World In Data data set for case numbers does not extend back to the first days of January 2020 so these numbers have been constructed from contemporaneous reports as set out on Wikipedia’s coronavirus timeline pages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020. Chapter 3 1. For an excellent round-up of the evidence on the cost-effectiveness and value of vaccinations, see https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/value-vaccination. Chapter 4 1. Figures for 13 January from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020. 2. https://cepi.net/get_involved/cfps/. 3. https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/nihr-and-ukri-launch-20-million-funding-call-for-novel-coronavirus-research/23942.

pages: 329 words: 99,504

Easy Money: Cryptocurrency, Casino Capitalism, and the Golden Age of Fraud
by Ben McKenzie and Jacob Silverman
Published 17 Jul 2023

Louis Fed, “Federal Funds Effective Rate,” https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS. 8 Jail time: Wikipedia, “Kareem Serageldin,” last modified October, 5, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareem_Serageldin. 8 Bitcoin white paper: Satoshi Yakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. 9 cryptographer David Chaum: “Blind signatures for untraceable payments,” Springer-Verlag, 1982, https://chaum.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Chaum-blind-signatures.pdf. 12 DigiCash: Wikipedia, “DigiCash,” last modified March 14, 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiCash. 12 eGold: Kim Zetter, “Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold,” Wired, June 9, 2009, https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/. 13 Liberty Reserve: press release, “Founder of Liberty Reserve Pleads Guilty to Laundering More Than $250 Million Through His Digital Currency Business,” US Department of Justice, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/founder-liberty-reserve-pleads-guilty-laundering-more-250-million-through-his-digital. 13 Bitcoins were used to pay for two pizzas: Rufas Kamau, “What Is Bitcoin Pizza Day, and Why Does The Community Celebrate on May 22?

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Who Owns This Sentence?: A History of Copyrights and Wrongs
by David Bellos and Alexandre Montagu
Published 23 Jan 2024

Africa, Pretoria, Pretoria University Law Press, 2010. 30Daniel Defoe, Review, issue 130 (February 4, 1710), in Daniel Defoe, Works, London, Pickering and Chatto, Vol. 6 (2008), p. 649. 31Addison, writing in The Tatler, issue 101, December 1, 1709, quoted in Mark Rose, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright, Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1993, p. 41. CHAPTER 7 A SHORT HISTORY OF GENIUS 32Boileau, Art poétique (1669–74), lines 3–5. 33Credited by Wikipedia to Stewart Brand, speaking at a conference of computer hackers in 1984. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_wants_to_be_free 34Ecclesiastes 1:9, given in the King James Version of 1611, as The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun. 35Ann Jefferson, Genius in France: An Idea and Its Uses, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2015, pp. 2–3. 36Edward Young, Über den Geist der Originalwerke, Leipzig, Beygang, 1787. 37Son caractère se répand sur tout ce qu’il touche; & ses lumières s’élançant au-delà du passé & du présent, éclairent l’avenir: il devance son siècle qui ne peut que le suivre.

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This provision was not repealed until 1976, when it had been largely disregarded for years. 177On the so-called “payola” scandal, see Alex Sayf Cummings, Democracy of Sound: Music Piracy and the Remaking of American Copyright in the Twentieth Century, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. 132–3; and more generally on all the copyright issues raised by musical recording. 178Gramophone Co. v. Stephen Cawardine, 1934. CHAPTER 31 THE U.S. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 179Copyright Office Circular no. 61, 1964 version. 180Eldred v. Ashcroft, 2003. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldred_v._Ashcroft CHAPTER 32 FAIR USE 181As reported by James Boyle, The Public Domain, pp. 26–7. 182Sun Trust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin, 2001. 183Section 80 of the U.K. Copyright Act, 1988; and L1212-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code (CPI). 184Jonathan Griffiths, “The U.K.’s Integrity Right and Freedom of Expression”, in Jonathan Griffiths and Uma Suthersanen (eds), Copyright and Free Speech: Comparative and International Analyses, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 223–9. 185See Peter Jaszi and Röslein Aufderheide, Reclaiming Fair Use: How to Put Balance Back in Copyright, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2018.

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Remote: Office Not Required
by Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson
Published 29 Oct 2013

It’s worth the risk to have access to the best people in the world. Of course, if you’re not inclined to run with scissors, you can always hire some of the many lawyers and accountants who specialize in this stuff. Don’t let a little work up front scare you away from the idea of remote working. The long-term benefits are worth it. * * * * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_Whys † “The Pedometer Test: Americans Take Fewer Steps,” New York Times, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/19/the-pedometer-test-americans-take-fewer-steps/ ‡ “For Some, Home = Office,” Wall Street Journal, December 20, 2012 § “37vegetables,” http://37signals.com/svn/posts/3151 CHAPTER HIRING AND KEEPING THE BEST It’s a big world When as an employer your eyes first open to the advantages of remote work, it’s natural not to think outside your home country—especially if you’re in the United States, or other large countries.

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The Four Horsemen
by Christopher Hitchens , Richard Dawkins , Sam Harris and Daniel Dennett
Published 19 Mar 2019

*5 The Holy Virgin Mary (1996) by British artist Christopher Ofili (b. 1968). *6 Daniel Barker (b. 1949): US atheist activist and former Christian preacher; joint President of the Freedom from Religion Foundation. Dan Barker’s collection was one of the strands later woven into ‘The Clergy Project’: see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clergy_Project. *7 Francis Collins (b. 1950): US geneticist and physician; Director of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. *8 https://www.samharris.org/blog/item/the-strange-case-of-francis-collins. *9 Graham Greene (1904–91): English novelist; converted to Catholicism just before his marriage; later described himself as a ‘Catholic atheist’

Home Maintenance Checklist: Complete DIY Guide for Homeowners: 101 Ways to Save Money and Look After Your Home
by Ian Anderson
Published 6 Mar 2019

If there are no blockages but the down pipe still leaks, check the pipe for splits and that the joints are the right way around; i.e. male part into female part etc. I know, I know I dislike the crude terms too, but it’s accurate. Oh, and don’t google it either, (shudders), if you want to learn more, check out this page… en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_of_connectors_and_fasteners. Metal Maintenance All bare metals react when exposed to the environment. Metals such as aluminium and stainless steel create a microscopic protective oxide layer which effectively stops further corrosion (lucky them) making it not strictly necessary to paint them.

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Nginx Essentials
by Valery Kholodkov
Published 21 Jul 2015

character). This functionality has its primary application in Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and website usability, and it is driven by a need to obtain semantic URLs for each and every resource and to deduplicate the content. Note You can find more information about semantic URLs at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_URL. Consider the following configuration: server { [...] rewrite ^/products/$ /products.php last; rewrite ^/products/(.+)$ /products.php?name=$1 last; rewrite ^/products/(.+)/(.+)/$ /products.php?name=$1&page=$2 last; [...] } The preceding configuration transforms URLs consisting of a number of path sections starting with /products into a URL starting with /products.php and arguments.

Large Scale Apps with Vue 3 and TypeScript
by Damiano Fusco
Published 16 Aug 2020

import { createI18n, LocaleMessages, VueMessageType } from 'vue-i18n' interface LocalesDataInterface { messages: LocaleMessages<VueMessageType> } … For now let’s instantiate a const called data with some initial data for a welcome message that we’ll display in a different language for 4 different locales: … const data: LocalesDataInterface = { messages: { 'en-US': { welcome: 'Welcome: this message is localized in English' }, 'it-IT': { welcome: 'Benvenuti: this message is localized in Italian' }, 'fr-FR': { welcome: 'Bienvenue: this message is localized in French' }, 'es-ES': { welcome: 'Bienvenido: this message is localized in Spanish' } } } Note how messages is a key-value pair lookup (or strategy pattern) that allows the vue-i18n plugin to know about localized text strings for specific "locales" (or cultures). NOTE: You can learn more about locales and their standard and definitions here [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation and here [https://github.com/ladjs/i18n-locales or here [https://github.com/mashpie/i18n-node) In our code above, we added four entries, each one related to a specific culture (or language): English (en-us) Italian (it-IT) French (fr-FR) Spanish (es-ES) And each of them has only one key called welcome which holds the value for each specific locale.

Reset
by Ronald J. Deibert
Published 14 Aug 2020

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(1), 166-179; Drummond, A., & Sauer, J. D. (2018). Video game loot boxes are psychologically akin to gambling. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(8), 530-532. Effects on the release of dopamine: Dopamine. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine Techniques and tools to draw you back in: Herrman, J. (2018, February 27). How tiny red dots took over your life. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/27/magazine/red-dots-badge-phones-notification.html Typical behaviour extensively studied by neuroscience: Kuss, D.

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Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1–2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.797778 Women, minorities, and people of colour may be particularly prone to self-censorship: Amnesty International. (2018). “Toxic Twitter — The silencing effect.” Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/03/online-violence-against-women-chapter-5/; Doxing. (2020, May 8). Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doxing&oldid=955625156 Which increased in the nineteenth century with advances in telecommunications: Scheuerman, W. (2001). Liberal democracy and the empire of speed. Polity, 34(1), 41–67. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235508 “Without abiding attachments associations are too shifting”: Dewey, J. (1927).

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Quit Like a Woman: The Radical Choice to Not Drink in a Culture Obsessed With Alcohol
by Holly Glenn Whitaker
Published 9 Jan 2020

Swallow, Out from Under: Sober Dykes and Our Friends (San Francisco: Spinsters, Ink, 1983), x. 24National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence’s twenty-six-point questionnaire: “Alcohol Abuse Self-Test,” National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, https://ncadd.org/learn-about-alcohol/alcohol-abuse-self-test. 25“Wonderful and joyous!”: Cheryl Strayed in “The Past Is Present,” an episode of the Dear Sugars podcast, March 11, 2016, https://www.wbur.org/dearsugar/2016/03/11/dear-sugar-episode-forty-six. 26“Ethanol, also commonly”: “Ethanol,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethanol&oldid=905555648. 27The global wellness economy: “Wellness Now a $4.2 Trillion Global Industry—with 12.8% Growth from 2015–2017,” Global Wellness Institute, October 2018, https://globalwellnessinstitute.org/press-room/press-releases/wellness-now-a-4-2-trillion-global-industry/. 28skyrocketing rates: Rene Wisely, “Doctors Are Seeing More Alcoholic Liver Disease in Young Adults,” University of Michigan: Michigan Medicine Blog, January 22, 2019, https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/digestive-health/doctors-are-seeing-more-alcoholic-liver-disease-young-adults. 29Goop Health Summit: Riley Griffin, “Goop Is Making a Killing Off Women Who Want More Than a Doctor’s Advice,” Bloomberg, March 18, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-18/gwyneth-paltrow-s-goop-is-cashing-in-on-booming-wellness-market. 29in a French bistro: “How Morley Safer Convinced Americans to Drink More Wine,” CBS News, August 28, 2016, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-morley-safer-convinced-americans-to-drink-more-wine. 30likely to underestimate: T.

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.: How the 12 Step Program and Its Decades-old Philosophy Are Exacerbating the Opioid Crisis,” New Republic, June 27, 2018. 114Sigmund Freud was responsible: Kendra Cherry, “Freud’s Id, Ego, and Superego,” verywellmind, July 5, 2019, https://www.verywellmind.com/the-id-ego-and-superego-2795951. 117all religious and spiritual traditions: Flinders, At the Root, 61–81. 118“I realized that”: Ibid., 83. 118“Women, on the other”: Ibid., 84. 118“they are terms”: Ibid. 118“find your voice”: Ibid., 85.114. 119evangelical Protestant: “Oxford Group,” Wikipedia, February 25, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/indexphp?title=Oxford_Group&oldid=885083123. 119At least 73 percent: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS): 2016: Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities (Rockville, Md.: Center for Behavioral Statistics and Study, 2017), 22, https://www.dasis.samhsa.gov/dasis2/nssats/2016_nssats_rpt.pdf. 119our criminal justice system: Kara Dansky, “Jail Doesn’t Help Addicts.

CRISPR People: The Science and Ethics of Editing Humans
by Henry T. Greely
Published 22 Jan 2021

Shenzhen is a “subprovincial city” in Guangdong Province in Southern China, bordering Hong Kong. It currently has a population officially counted at about 13 million but thought to be, in fact, closer to 20 million. In 1980, when it was made a “Special Economic Zone,” its population was 30,000. It has become an industrial powerhouse in the intervening 40 years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhen. 9. I tried to calculate the actual distance between the university and Hong Kong on Google Maps, but I got a notice that “Sorry, we could not calculate driving directions from ‘Hong Kong’ to ‘Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Ave, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518055.’”

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This is the translation of Voltaire’s line in his novel Candide on the execution of British admiral John Byng after losing the battle of Minorca. In Portsmouth, Candide witnesses the execution of an officer by firing squad and is told that “in this country, it is good to kill an admiral from time to time, in order to encourage the others.” Voltaire, and Daniel Gordon, Candide (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999); “John Byng,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Byng. 7. Victor J. Dzau, Marcia McNutt, and Chunli Bai, “Wake-up Call from Hong Kong,” Science 362, no. 6420 (2018): 1215, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3127. 8. David Freeman Engstrom, “Private Enforcement’s Pathways: Lessons from Qui Tam Litigation,” Columbia Law Review 114 (2014): 1913–2006. 9.

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The Crux
by Richard Rumelt
Published 27 Apr 2022

Alphabet Acquisitions in 2016 Company Business Complement to BandPage Platform for musicians YouTube Pie Business communications Spaces Synergyse Interactive tutorials Google Docs Webpass Internet service provider Google Fiber Moodstocks Image recognition Google Photos Anvato Cloud-based video services Google Cloud Platform Kifi Link management Spaces LaunchKit Mobile tool maker Firebase Orbitera Cloud software Google Cloud Platform Apigee API mgmt and predictive analytics Google Cloud Platform Urban Engines Location-based analytics Google Maps API.AI Natural language processing Google Assistant FameBit Branded content YouTube Eyefluence Eye tracking, virtual reality Google VR LeapDroid Android emulator Android Qwiklabs Cloud-based training platform Google Cloud Platform Cronologics Smartwatches Android Wear Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Alphabet reproduced via Creative Commons license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 INGREDIENT 5: DON’T OVERPAY One reason so many research studies keep showing negative returns to acquiring firms is that acquirers are overpaying for what they get.

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George Albert Steiner, Top Management Planning (New York: Macmillan, 1969). 2. There are nine kinds of neuraminidase from N1 to N9 and seventeen types of hemagglutinin, from H1 to H17. The 1918 flu was H1N1, and COVID-19 is H7N9. 3. https://s.wsj.net/public/resources/documents/Scientists_to_Stop_COVID19_2020_04_23_FINAL.pdf. 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_statement. 5. “Not led, I lead.” 6. James Allen, “Why 97% of Strategic Planning Is a Waste of Time,” Bain & Company Founder’s Mentality (blog), 2014, www.bain.com/insights/why-97-percent-of-strategic-planning-is-a-waste-of-time-fm-blog/. 7. www.brainyquote.com/quotes/katie_ledecky_770988.

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AI in Museums: Reflections, Perspectives and Applications
by Sonja Thiel and Johannes C. Bernhardt
Published 31 Dec 2023

Foundational models are large machine learning models based on deep learning methods and trained on large amounts of data. They can be applied to various tasks. Besides well-known models like GPT, which are proprietary, not transparent for research, and hard to evaluate besides individual assessments and use cases, 2 The term is relatively new and was not used until 2021 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found ation_models. Further explanation is provided at: https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/res ource/foundation-models-explainer/. Sonja Thiel: Managing AI there are attempts by research and the open science movement to produce open and explorable models—in line with research demands for transparency and opensource notions.

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We have defined this in greater detail in our previous publications (Zaman/Schaffer/Scheffler 2021a; 2021b; Schaffer/Ruß/ Gustke 2023), but we mainly used a RASA3 model for content type recognition and question-and-answer matching, a document and content type-based matching using models like ELECTRA4 and BERT5 (Devlin/Chang/Lee et al. 2019), and cosinebased similarity matching. 2 3 4 5 https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/de (all URLs here accessed in June 2023). https://rasa.com/docs/. https://github.com/google-research/electra. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model). 259 260 Part 3: Applications The first iteration of CHIM was the question harvester developed as a website. As a second iteration of CHIM, we developed an Android app (by using Cordova for app building and MMIR for speech input and output) as well as a Google Chrome extension, which was used solely as a test app.

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Pro AngularJS
by Adam Freeman
Published 25 Mar 2014

JSON represents data in a way that is similar to JavaScript, which makes it easy to operate on JSON data in JavaScript applications. JSON has largely displaced XML, the X in Ajax, because it is human-readable and easy to implement. I introduced JSON in Chapter 5, and you can learn about the details of it at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Json. The success function I have used in the listing is simple because it relies on the automatic conversion that AngularJS performs for JSON data. I just assign the data that is obtained from the server to the data.products variable on the controller scope. The error function assigns the object passed by AngularJS to describe the problem to the data.error variable on the scope.

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jsonp(url, config) Performs a GET request to obtain a fragment of JavaScript code that is then executed. JSONP, which stands for JSON with Padding, is a way of working around the limitations that browsers apply to where JavaScript code can be loaded from. I do not describe JSONP in this book because it can be incredibly dangerous; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP for details. The other way to make an Ajax request is to treat the $http service object as a function and pass in a configuration object. This is useful when you require one of the HTTP methods for which there is not a convenience method available. You pass in a configuration object (which I describe later in this chapter) that includes the HTTP method you want to use.

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withCredentials When set to true, the withCredentials option on the underlying browser request object is enabled, which includes authentication cookies in the request. I demonstrated the use of this property in Chapter 8. xsrfHeaderNamexsrfCookieName These properties are used to response to cross-site request forgery tokens that can be demanded by servers. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cross-site_request_forgery for details. The most interesting configuration feature is the ability to transform the request and response through the aptly named transformRequest and transformResponse properties. AngularJS defines two built-in transformations; outgoing data is serialized into JSON, and incoming JSON data is parsed into JavaScript objects. 532 Chapter 20 ■ Services for Ajax and Promises Transforming a Response You can transform a response by assigning a function to the transformResponse property of the configuration object.

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Pragmatic Guide to JavaScript
by Christophe Porteneuve
Published 15 Nov 2010

Not only does it let you throttle your perceived bandwidth, adjust your latency, and generally tweak your perceived network behavior, but it can also record and replay network sessions, and it provides detailed HTTP/HTTPS monitoring. Such tools are a godsend! 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. http://www.parallels.com/products/desktop/ http://www.vmware.com/fr/products/fusion/ http://www.vmware.com/products/workstation/ http://www.virtualbox.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenbug http://www.charlesproxy.com/ Report erratum Download from Wow! eBook <www.wowebook.com>this copy is (P1.0 printing, November 2010) JavaScript Frameworks JavaScript is a great language all by itself. But when it comes to interacting with its environment—such as the DOM, CSS, or XMLHttpRequest, to name only the most common client-side examples—going pure-JavaScript feels like building a skyscraper with a couple flintstone axes and a bunch of slippery logs.

Think OCaml
by Nicholas Monje, Allen Downey

If there is a semantic error in your program, it will run successfully in the sense that the computer will not generate any error messages, but it will not do the right thing. It will do something else. Specifically, it will do what you told it to do. 4 It’s not actually true that it’s named after a moth found in a computer relay, though that does make for a rather amusing story. For more information on etymology, check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug. 1.5. Formal and natural languages 5 The problem is that the program you wrote is not the program you wanted to write. The meaning of the program (its semantics) is wrong. Identifying semantic errors can be tricky because it generally requires you to work backward by looking at the output of the program and trying to figure out what it is doing. 1.4.4 Experimental debugging One of the most important skills you will acquire is debugging.

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Html5 Boilerplate Web Development
by Divya Manian
Published 17 Nov 2012

It is fairly trivial to make a very high volume of requests because of this and also to pretend it's your site and fool the visitors, and so on. Use this setting with care. CORS-enabled images Typically, browsers allow all images to be linked from any other domain. This is called hotlinking. Read more about it at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline_linking. If a high-traffic website links to assets that are hosted on your server, your hosting provider might even fine you for excessive use of bandwidth (or your site might go down!). If you want to prevent this, for example, if you do not want http://example.com to use an img element with an src attribute pointing to an image on your server http://foo.com/image.jpg, you can enable a more restrictive policy that only allows certain domains to access your image files by changing the following line in the .htaccess file from: Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS To the following line: Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "http://example.com" env=IS_CORS Where you replace http://example.com with the domain name that is only allowed access to that image.

Terraform: Up and Running: Writing Infrastructure as Code
by Yevgeniy Brikman
Published 13 Mar 2017

The CIDR block 0.0.0.0/0 is an IP address range that includes all possible IP addresses, so the security group above allows incoming requests on port 8080 from any IP.8 Note that port 8080 is now duplicated in both the security group and the User Data configuration, so it would be easy to update it in one place but forget to make the same change in the other place. To reduce duplication and to make your code more configurable, Terraform allows you to define input variables. 8 To learn more about how CIDR works, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing. For a handy calculator that converts between IP address ranges and CIDR notation, see http://www.ipaddress guide.com/cidr. Deploy a single web server | 55 The declaration for an input variable consists of the keyword variable, followed by a name for the variable, and then the body.

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Apache Solr 3 Enterprise Search Server
by Unknown
Published 13 Jan 2012

HTTP POSTing options to Solr Solr receives commands and possibly document data through HTTP POST. Solr lets you use HTTP GET too, such as direct web browser access. However, this is an inappropriate HTTP verb for anything other than retrieving data. For more information on this concept, read about REST at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer One way to send an HTTP POST is through the Unix command line program curl (also available on Windows through Cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com) and that's what we'll use here in the examples. An alternative cross-platform option that comes with Solr is post.jar located in Solr's example/exampledocs directory.

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In the URL above, Solr interpreted the %3A as a colon and %2C as a comma. The most common escaped character in URLs is a space, which is escaped as either + or %20. Fortunately, when experimenting with the URL, browsers are lenient and will permit some characters that should be escaped. For more information on URL encoding see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding. Request handlers Searching Solr and most other interactions with Solr, including indexing for that matter, is processed by what Solr calls a request handler. Request handlers are configured in the solrconfig.xml file and are clearly labeled as such. Most of them exist for special purposes like handling a CSV import, for example.

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The Last Lingua Franca: English Until the Return of Babel
by Nicholas Ostler
Published 23 Nov 2010

Sebba 1997, 28. 10 . The theory is due to Beckwith 2009, 365– 69. 11 . Edgerton 1951, 4– 6. 12 . This aspect of common sense is actually endorsed in sociolinguistics by a tradition known as Communication Accommodation Theory, e.g., Giles et al. 1991. 13 . en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_the_English_language; and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-based_creole_languages. 14 . Hoban 1980, 28–29. Part II: Lingua-Francas Past 1 . Literally: “A language is a gem, whose value to count | in clarity are people of speech incapable | those which are mean are lethal | ready-to-open-eyes is the anointed one for the incapacitated.”

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Nerds on Wall Street: Math, Machines and Wired Markets
by David J. Leinweber
Published 31 Dec 2008

Prognostications here include: an increase in the complexity of derivative and structured products driven by the demands of alpha-seeking strategies; some products’ requirement of willingness to commit capital in innovative ways; and increased trading interest in risk classes, over individual securities. *The Sharpe ratio is a measure of management skill that adjusts pure alpha (value added) by the variability of that value added. Details of the Sharpe ratio can be found at http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio. Algorithm Wars 81 Both articles forecast an increasingly risk-centric view of trading. IBM opines, “As the industry matures, many traditional activities will come under increasing pressure and new value engines will emerge. Activities under pressure are unnecessary bundles and transaction businesses.Value engines will be risk assumption and risk mitigation.”

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In investing, as in the bomb squad, knowing what not to do is extremely worthwhile. *The Sharpe ratio is a measure of management skill that adjusts pure alpha (value added) by the variability of that value added. The others (Jensen & Treynor) are refinements based on characteristics of the portfolio, such as beta. They are less commonly used. Details are here http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Sharpe_ratio. Chapter 4 Where Does Alpha Come From? Life Is Alpha. The Rest Is Details. —POPULAR T-SHIRT AT HEDGE FUND EVENTS T here was a time not too long ago when, if you posed the question “Where does alpha come from?” to a roomful of academic financial economists, most of them would complain: “It’s a trick question!

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The Land Grabbers: The New Fight Over Who Owns the Earth
by Fred Pearce
Published 28 May 2012

Standard Bank’s “Financing Land Investment in Africa” (April 8, 2011) is summarized in “Investors Must Tread Carefully in New Rush for Land in Africa, Warns Standard Bank,” at http://www.afribiz.info/. You can read about the groundnut project under “Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme” on Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org. Chapter 9: Ukraine Spinks is spotlighted in the Wall Street Journal’s “Richard Spinks of Landkom Snaps Up Ukraine Plots to Cash In on High Crop Prices,” http://farmlandgrab.org (2008), and in Farmers’ Weekly, “Farming in Ukraine,” http://www.fwi.co.uk (2007). Landkom is at http://www.landkom.net and its 2011 crisis is covered in “Poor Rapeseed Crop Sends Landkom Shares Plunging” at http://www.agrimoney.com.

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APRIL is at http://www.aprilasia.com; APP is at http://www.asiapulppaper.com. “Eka Tjipta Widjaja, Indonesia’s Richest Man,” is at http://www.thejakartaglobe.com (2011); APP’s strategy is dissected in “A Forest Falls in Cambodia,” http://www.atimes.com (2005). His rival, Sukanto Tanoto, is at http://www.sukantotanoto.net and in Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/. Read more about Arara Abadi in “Without Remedy: Human Rights Abuse and Indonesia’s Pulp and Paper Industry,” http://www.hrw.org (2003), and “Indonesia: Investigate Forcible Destruction of Homes by the Police in Riau,” http://www.amnesty.org (2008). See “The Financing of the Riau Pulp Producers” by Jan Willem van Gelder, http://www.jikalahari.or.id (2005), and William Sunderlin’s “Between Danger and Opportunity: Indonesia’s Forests in an Era of Economic Crisis and Political Change,” (1999).

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Prosperity Without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow
by Tim Jackson
Published 8 Dec 2016

The ongoing Maddison Project which aims to continue Maddison’s historical work can be accessed at www.ggdc.net/maddison/maddison-project/home.htm (accessed 11 December 2015). 26 Club of Rome (1968). 27 Meadows et al. (1972, 2004). See also www.clubofrome.org/?p=375 (accessed 13 December 2015). 28 Sabin (2013). See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%E2%80%93Ehrlich_wager (accessed 14 December 2015). 29 MGI (2013); Grantham (2011); Sabin (2013). Commodity price data are from the Federal Reserve: https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/graph/?id=PALLFNFINDEXQ,# (accessed 15 December 2015). 30 Data from the Economist Commodity Price index. 31 For a discussion see Rogoff (2015). 32 Meadows et al. (1972: 126). 33 The G20 group warned of the threat of rising oil prices to global economic stability as early as 2005.

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In our exploration, we would be looking even to increase this real proportion of service activities. 28 Nordhaus (2006: 38). 29 The analysis in Figure 9.1 was based on raw data from the Bank of England (Hills et al. 2010). The trend line was estimated using the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodrick%E2%80%93Prescott_filter) with the multiplier l set to 100. 30 NEF (2013, 2010), Victor (2008a). See also www.lejdd.fr/Politique/Rocard-Hamon-Duflot-150-personnalites-appellent-a-travailler-moins-pour-travaillertous-et-mieux-783977 (accessed 8 May 2016). 31 Jackson and Victor (2011, 2015, 2016). 32 Credit Suisse (2015), OECD (2008), Oxfam (2014, 2015). 33 Piketty (2014). 34 www.theguardian.com/business/video/2014/may/02/thomas-piketty-capital-rock-star-economist-video (accessed 4 May 2016). 35 Friedman (2005). 36 See Piketty (2014: 168 et seq.).

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Habeas Data: Privacy vs. The Rise of Surveillance Tech
by Cyrus Farivar
Published 7 May 2018

“The tape was placed”: Schneider told the author during a phone call on August 11, 2017, that during Katz oral arguments, rather than “read their homework,” he meant to say “done their homework,” and rather than “the area of the telephone booth,” he meant to say the “airspace of the telephone booth.” Government overreach was: “Writ of Assistance,” Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writ_of_assistance. “every one with this writ may be a tyrant”: James Otis, “Against Writs of Assistance,” Superior Court of Massachussets, February 24, 1761. Available at: http://www.constitution.org/bor/otis_against_writs.htm. But in the nineteenth century: H. Lee Van Boven, “Electronic Surveillance in California: A Study in State Legislative Control,” California Law Review 57 (1969), pp. 1182.

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“They thought they had a Goldman”: Author’s interview with Harvey Schneider, April 17, 2017. “The test really asks”: Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). Brennan’s comment: Hester v. United States, 265 U.S. 57 (1924). “We think Hester is wrong”: Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). Then, it was the: “John S. Martin Jr.” Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._Martin_Jr.. Martin called Schneider’s: Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967). “[Fortas] didn’t draw”: Author’s interview with Laurence Tribe, May 11, 2017. At the age of 26: Laurence H. Tribe, “The Constitution in Cyberspace,” Keynote Address, First Conference on Computers, Freedom and Privacy, Burlingham, CA, 1991.

Super Thinking: The Big Book of Mental Models
by Gabriel Weinberg and Lauren McCann
Published 17 Jun 2019

All rights reserved. 36: Adapted from Creative Commons image: Martinowsky and Chiswick Chap, “Natural selection in action: light and dark morphs of the peppered moth, Biston betularia,” Wikimedia Commons, February 18, 2007, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lichte_en_zwarte_versie_berkenspanner_crop.jpg. 37: Cartoon by Larry Lambert. 38: “Inertia - Demotivational Poster,” Fake Posters, July 22, 2009, www.fakeposters.com/posters/inertia. 39: Communic@tions Management Inc., “Sixty Years of Daily Newspaper Circulation: Canada, United States, United Kingdom,” (May 6, 2011), http://media-cmi.com/downloads/Sixty_Years_Daily_Newspaper_Circulation_Trends_050611.pdf. 40: Adapted from a Creative Commons image. Birmingham Museums Trust, “Richard Trevithick’s 1802 steam locomotive,” Wikimedia Commons, August 11, 2005, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel#/media/File:Thinktank_Birmingham_-_Trevithick_Locomotive(1).jpg. 41: Adapted from public domain image. Damian Yerrick, “Illustration of a roly-poly toy viewed from the side. The red and white bullseye represents the figurine’s center of mass (COM).” Wikimedia Commons, August 15, 2009, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poli_Gus_N_rocked.svg. 42: “How does a Nuclear Bomb work?”

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Figure 1: The Nuclear Fission Chain Reaction, guernseyDonkey.com, February 24, 2012. 43: Peter Leyden, “Historical Adoption Rates of Communication Technologies,” infographic. 44: Justin McCarthy, “Record-High 60% of Americans Support Same-Sex Marriage,” Gallup (May 19, 2015). 45: Adapted from a Creative Commons image. Woody993, “Diagram showing the network effect in a few simple phone networks,” Wikimedia Commons, May 31, 2011, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe’s_law#/media/File:Metcalfe-Network-Effect.svg [inactive]. 46: J. L. Westover, “The Butterfly Effect,” Mr. Lovenstein, https://www.mrlovenstein.com/comic/50. 52 and 47: Cartoons by Theresa McCracken. 48: Randall Munroe, “Fuck Grapefruit,” XKCD, https://xkcd.com/388. 49: Cartoon by Bradford Veley. 50: Adapted from Raiders of the Lost Ark, dir.

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Braving the Wilderness: The Quest for True Belonging and the Courage to Stand Alone
by Brené Brown
Published 15 Mar 2017

NOTES ••• CHAPTER 1 I read her poem “Still I Rise”: Maya Angelou, And Still I Rise: A Book of Poems (New York: Random House, 1978). In an interview with Bill Moyers: Bill Moyers, “A Conversation with Maya Angelou,” Bill Moyers Journal, original series, Public Broadcasting System, first aired November 21, 1973. the Nicene Creed: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_versions_of_the_Nicene_Creed. “By the end I was deteriorating”: Anne Lamott, Facebook post, July 7, 2015: “On July 7, 1986, 29 years ago, I woke up sick, shamed, hungover, and in deep animal confusion,” facebook.com/AnneLamott/posts/699854196810893?match=ZGV0ZXJpb3JhdGluZw%3D%3D.

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Modern Vim: Craft Your Development Environment With Vim 8 and Neovim
by Drew Neil
Published 2 May 2018

In both cases, your current Neovim instance will be used as the text editor, which is most convenient. If you combine this with the previous tip, then you should be able to avoid accidentally launching nested instances of Neovim. Footnotes [50] https://github.com/christoomey/vim-tmux-navigator [51] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rube_Goldberg_machine Copyright © 2018, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Chapter 6 Sessions With Vim’s sessions feature you can record the state of your workspace, enabling you to restore that state later on. We’ll look at the mechanics of how this works later in this chapter, but first let’s consider some scenarios where this functionality could be useful to you.

When Computers Can Think: The Artificial Intelligence Singularity
by Anthony Berglas , William Black , Samantha Thalind , Max Scratchmann and Michelle Estes
Published 28 Feb 2015

This higher level representations then become accessible to our conscious thoughts, but our thoughts can also control our vision. A good example is the face-vase illusion below where our high-level conscious mind can direct our lower visual processing to “see” either two faces or a vase. We can consciously direct our vision to see either faces or a vase. Commons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion#mediaviewer/File:Two_silhouette_profile_or_a_white_vase.jpg At the top level, our mind coordinates itself with conscious self-talk. This self-talk can sometimes cause confusion, for which a classic example is trying to state the colours of the following words in a Stroop test.

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People that write about technology are naturally biased towards focussing on its positive effects rather than its potential dangers. The general media can only focus on concrete stories that are sensational while the arts cannot portray technologies that they themselves do not understand. Elephant in the room Unseen elephant in the room. Public Jdcollins13 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_in_the_room So the elephant in the room remains unseen by most people. Computers are becoming rapidly more intelligent, and they may or may not remain friendly. After ten thousand years of civilization, we may be one of the last few generations of mankind. That is a pretty big elephant.

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Who Owns the Future?
by Jaron Lanier
Published 6 May 2013

See Charles Fishman, The Wal-Mart Effect: How the World’s Most Powerful Company Really Works—and How It’s Transforming the American Economy (New York: Penguin Press, 2006), or Anthony Bianco, Wal-Mart: The Bully of Bentonville: How the High Cost of Everyday Low Prices Is Hurting America (New York: Currency Doubleday, 2007). Second Interlude: (A Parody): If Life Gives You EULAs, Make Lemonade 1. http://nation.foxnews.com/fox-friends/2012/07/24/lemonade-stand-girls-obama-we-built-our-business. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Performance_Computing_Act_of_1991. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-user_license_agreement. Chapter 9. From Above: Misusing Big Data to Become Ridiculous 1. http://online.wsj.com/public/page/what-they-know-digital-privacy.html. 2. https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy/. 3. http://purplebox.ghostery.com/?p=1016022352. 4. http://purplebox.ghostery.com/?

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Hot: Living Through the Next Fifty Years on Earth
by Mark Hertsgaard
Published 15 Jan 2011

Henry Kissinger's "basket case" dismissal of Bangladesh was published in Time magazine, January 17, 1972. The information on the killings and other actions undertaken by the West Pakistani army were described in diplomatic cables sent by U.S. embassy staff in Pakistan at the time who dissented from Kissinger's policy; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_Blood. The UNDP's ranking of Bangladesh's vulnerability to disasters is found in its report Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development, available at http://www.undp.org/cpr/whats_new/rdr_english.pdf. The impacts of sea level rise are described in the country's 2008 climate adaptation plan, cited previously.

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NASA's findings and the compatibility between the established science of climate change and the conditions of the winter of 2009–10 are described by Joseph Romm in his Climate Progress post of April 12, 2010. A list of all national science academies to endorse the science of climate change is available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_opinion_on_climate_change. The cartoon by Toles was published in February 2010 and is available at http://climateprogress.org/2010/02/22/toles-on-scientific-uncertainty/. Schellnhuber, Hansen, and Gelbspan all used the word crime in our interviews. BP's $8 billion a year of investments in renewable energy was cited by a senior BP official whom, under the rules of our conversation, I cannot identify by name.

User Friendly: How the Hidden Rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work & Play
by Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant
Published 7 Nov 2019

These offer services akin to nearly every American tech company you can imagine, including Amazon, Google, Facebook, PayPal, Uber, and Yelp—all under the aegis of a single brand. 20. For a listing of the world’s largest cruise ships, see Wikipedia, “List of largest cruise ships,” accessed March 12, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cruise_ships. 21. Interview with Jan Swartz, July 31, 2017. 22. Interviews with Padgett, July 31 and August 1, 2017. 23. Interviews with Michael Jungen, July 31 and August 1, 2017. 24. Interviews with Padgett, July 31 and August 1, 2017. 25. Interviews with Swartz, July 31 and August 1, 2017. 26.

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Interview with Justin Rosenstein, March 16, 2017. 3. The actual graphic was created by Aaron Sittig. 4. Justin Rosenstein, “Love Changes Form,” Facebook, September 20, 2016, www.facebook.com/notes/justin-rosenstein/love-changes-form/10153694912262583; and Wikipedia, “Justin Rosenstein,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Rosenstein. 5. See Facebook’s filing to go public: United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Form S-1: Registration Statement, Facebook, Inc., Washington, D.C.: SEC, February 1, 2012, www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312512034517/d287954ds1.htm. 6. Nellie Bowles, “Tech Entrepreneurs Revive Communal Living,” SFGate, November 18, 2013, www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Tech-entrepreneurs-revive-communal-living-4988388.php; Oliver Smith, “How to Boss It Like: Justin Rosenstein, Cofounder of Asana,” Forbes, April 26, 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/oliversmith/2018/04/26/how-to-boss-it-like-justin-rosenstein-cofounder-of-asana/. 7.

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The Case for Space: How the Revolution in Spaceflight Opens Up a Future of Limitless Possibility
by Robert Zubrin
Published 30 Apr 2019

How to Make a Spaceship: A Band of Renegades, an Epic Race, and the Birth of Private Spaceflight (New York: Penguin, 2016). 2. Robert Zubrin with Richard Wagner, The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet, and Why We Must, 2nd ed. (New York: Free Press, 2011). 3. Wikipedia, s.v. “Mars Gravity Biosatellite,” last modified October 26, 2018, 14:23, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Gravity_Biosatellite; “Mars Society Launches Translife Mission,” Spaceref, August 30, 2001, http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=5881 (accessed October 14, 2018); “Translife Mission Experiment Sees Mice Born at 25 RPM,” Space Daily, October 15, 2001, http://www.spacedaily.com/news/mars-base-01f.html (accessed October 12, 2018). 4.

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Katherine Hignett, “Biblical City of Sodom Was Blasted to Smithereens by a Massive Asteroid Explosion,” Newsweek, November 22, 2018, https://www.newsweek.com/biblical-city-sodom-was-blasted-smithereens-massive-asteroid-explosion-1227339 (accessed November 25, 2018). 3. D. Cox and J. Chestek, Doomsday Asteroid: Can We Survive? (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996). 4. Wikipedia, s.v. “List of Impact Craters on the Earth,” last modified December 26, 2018, 9:14, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_on_Earth. 5. Walter Alvarez, T. Rex and the Crater of Doom (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997). CHAPTER 12. FOR OUR FREEDOM 1. Robert Zubrin, Merchants of Despair (New York: New Atlantis Books, 2012). 2. Friedrich von Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, trans.

Software Design for Flexibility
by Chris Hanson and Gerald Sussman
Published 17 Feb 2021

Roussel; Un système de communication homme-machine en français, Technical report, Groupe Intelligence Artificielle, Université d’Aix Marseille, Luminy, 1973. [24]Constraints, An International Journal ISSN: 1383-7133 (Print) 1572-9354 (Online). [25]Wikipedia article on continuations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation [26]Haskell Brooks Curry; “Grundlagen der Kombinatorischen Logik,” in American Journal of Mathematics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1930. [27]Johan deKleer, Jon Doyle, Guy Steele, and Gerald J. Sussman; “AMORD: Explicit control of reasoning,” in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Programming Languages, 116–125 (1977)

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[89]David Allen McAllester “An outlook on truth maintenance,” AI Memo 551, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1980. [90]John McCarthy; “A basis for a mathematical theory of computation,” in Computer Programming and Formal Systems, ed. P. Braffort and D. Hirshberg, 33–70. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963. [91]Wikipedia article on MDL. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDL (programming language) [92]Piotr Mitros; Constraint-Satisfaction Modules: A Methodology for Analog Circuit Design, PhD thesis, MIT, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007. [93]Paul Penfield Jr.; MARTHA User's Manual, MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, Electrodynamics Memorandum No. 6 (1970)

Seeking SRE: Conversations About Running Production Systems at Scale
by David N. Blank-Edelman
Published 16 Sep 2018

Informally, gradient descent iteratively adjusts parameters, gradually finding the best combination of weights and bias to minimize loss. 9 In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors. Elementary examples of such relations include the dot product, the cross product, and linear maps. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor.) 10 https://www.oreilly.com/learning/hello-tensorflow; credit: Aaron Schumacher. Part III. SRE Best Practices and Technologies SRE needs better ways to do documentation. Can you teach SRE through a game? Your SLOs are measuring the wrong thing. How do you know when SRE is a success?

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Portland, OR: IT Revolution Press. 24 Thanks to Maggie Nelson and Serving Platform for being more awesome than a box of carrot cupcakes. 25 Amusingly, any sufficiently large carrot is also functionally a stick. 26 Seattle was a pioneer in cardiac response as well as cloud computing, so these dates might not match up exactly with what you know from your own history, but the gist is probably the same: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cardiopulmonary_resuscitation. 27 I’ve dealt with both systems before, but it’s been so long I would never have thought to call this out to people if Mark Schwartz hadn’t made a point about it after coming back to Amazon following his stint in government. 28 See Conway’s Law. 29 Dave Rensin did a great presentation laying out all the technical principles behind this calculation at SRECon Americas in 2017.

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Living a closeted life is incredibly psychologically harmful, but so is discrimination, forcing people who can hide into choosing between two bad options. 10 The risk of over-concentrating responsibility or knowledge in a team such that it would be vulnerable to a particular member having a bus-related accident. (Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_factor.) 11 Thanks to Marianne Bellotti for the phrasing. 12 As a former employee of Harvard University, I want to call that institution out as doing this very well. Each job listing contains enough information to look up salary ranges, available insurance plans, union membership, tuition coverage, and any other benefits before you even apply. 13 Joblint is available online, or runnable locally from this GitHub page.

pages: 159 words: 45,073

GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History
by Diane Coyle
Published 23 Feb 2014

Gutierrez et al., “Measuring the Economy: A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, September 2007, http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipa_primer.pdf; and Lequiller and Blades, Understanding National Accounts. 23. Landefeld et al., “Taking the Pulse of the Economy.” 24. Wikipedia lists the main formulas: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas. 25. Xan Rice, “Nigeria Statistics Chief Has Almost Figured Out the Economy,” Financial Times, 22 May 2013. 26. http://paris21.org/nsds-status. Accessed 7 January 2013. 27. Alwyn Young, “The African Growth Miracle,” LSE Working Paper, 2009, http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33928/. 28. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marcelo-giugale/fix-africas-statistics_b_2324936.html, 18 December 2012.

Pulling Strings With Puppet: Configuration Management Made Easy
by James Turnbull
Published 1 Jan 2007

Each Puppet client generates a self-signed certificate that is then validated and authorized on the Puppet master. Note ➡ Puppet currently uses XML-RPC web services, but at the time of writing a significant update and refactor of the code was taking place to migrate it to a REST-based web services model (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer). This migration should provide much more efficient and elegant web service functionality. Thereafter each client contacts the server, by default every half hour, to confirm that its configuration is up to date. If new configuration is available or the configuration has changed, it is recompiled and then applied to the client.

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Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming
by Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby
Published 22 Nov 2013

Available at http://www.justinmcguirk.com/home/the-post-spectaculareconomy.html. 14. Interview available at http://bldgblog.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/ unsolving-city-interview-with-china. htmI. Accessed December 20, 2012. 15. For an extensive list of classic thought experiments from disciplines including philosophy, biology, and economics, see http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Thought_experiment. Accessed December 20, 2012. 16. For an in-depth discussion of different kinds of thought experiments, see Julian Baggini, The Pig That Wants to Be E aten: And Ninety - Nine Other Thought Experiments (London: Granta, 2005). 17. Stephen R.L.Clark, Philosophical Futures (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2011), 17. 18.

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Socialism Sucks: Two Economists Drink Their Way Through the Unfree World
by Robert Lawson and Benjamin Powell
Published 29 Jul 2019

Yeonmi Park, In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl’s Journey to Freedom (New York: Penguin, 2016). 4. Michael Seth, A Concise History of Modern Korea: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the Present (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), 119. 5. Seth, A Concise History of Modern Korea, 119, 121. 6. “Seoul,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul. 7. “South Korea,” World Bank, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx. 8. “North Korea,” The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html. 9. Park, In Order to Live, 129–30. CHAPTER FOUR 1. Frank Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962 (New York: Bloomsbury, 2011), xii–xiii. 2.

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A Line in the Tar Sands: Struggles for Environmental Justice
by Tony Weis and Joshua Kahn Russell
Published 14 Oct 2014

See www.albertaenterprisegroup.com/. 12. Barbara Yaffe, “‘In Fact, Every Canadian Has a Stake in This’; Alberta Oilsands Industry Fights a Public Relations War in Advance of a New Energy Policy in the U.S.,” Vancouver Sun, November 25, 2008. 13. See the extensive Wikipedia page on Leduc #1 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leduc_No._1), and the historic site’s interpretive centre (www.leducnumber1.com/). 14. There have been recent revisions to the social science curriculum. 15. See oilsands.alberta.ca. 16. The original URL for this advertisement (from 2009) is now a dead link. 17. Kevin Timoney and Peter Lee, “Does the Alberta Tar Sands Industry Pollute?

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This phrase is commonly used by our friend Gopal Dayaneni of Movement Generation, usually in reference to organizing, though the spirit applies to public calls to action as well. 4. Interestingly, George W. Bush also made similar statements warning that “America is addicted to oil”—while some activists bemoan the disingenuous rhetoric from politicians, we can use that same rhetoric as a tool to campaign against them. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_energy_independence#Bush.27s_2006_.22Addicted_to_oil.22_speech. 5. Obama made this statement in the speech that announced his run for president. Barack Obama, “Presidential Announcement” (speech, Springfield, IL, February 10, 2007), chicago.about.com/od/chicagopeople/a/ObamaRunSpeech_2.htm. 6.

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Competition Overdose: How Free Market Mythology Transformed Us From Citizen Kings to Market Servants
by Maurice E. Stucke and Ariel Ezrachi
Published 14 May 2020

,” Food Navigator, July 19, 2008, http://www.foodproductiondaily.com/Supply-Chain/Water-injected-meat-the-UK-s-latest-food-scandal; “News Aus Der Fischbranche,” Fischmagazin, March 18, 2013, https://www.fischmagazin.de/newsartikel-seriennummer-2618.htm, “‘Gepanschte’ Fische,” News Austria, March 20, 2013, http://www.news.at/a/lebensmittelskandal-gepanschter-fisch-supermarkt. 31.Felicity Lawrence, “Scandal of Beef Waste in Chicken,” Guardian (Manchester), May 21, 2003, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2003/may/21/food.foodanddrink. 32.Koen de Jong, “Too Lidl Too Late,” FoodPersonality 29, no. 5 (May 2013), https://www.iplc-europe.com/work/foodpersonality/; see also Sander Grégoire, “Waarom U Nooit Meer Euro Shopper in De Schappen Van Albert Heijn Zult Vinden,” de Volkskrant (Netherlands), April 10, 2013, https://www.volkskrant.nl/es-b811186f. 33.See Wikipedia, s.v. “ICA meat repackaging controversy,” accessed July 28, 2019, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICA_meat_repackaging_controversy. 34.Julie Jargon, “McDonald’s Growth Suffers in U.S., China,” Wall Street Journal, August 8, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/mcdonalds-july-sales-slip-on-china-u-s-pressures-1407500403; Liza Lin, “McDonald’s Pulls Meat from China Restaurants,” Bloomberg News, July 28, 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-28/mcdonald-s-supplier-recalls-meat-in-expired-food-scandal.html. 35.Nick Squires, “Italian Olive Oil Scandal: Seven Top Brands ‘Sold Fake Extra-Virgin,’” Daily Telegraph (London), November 11, 2015, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11988947/Italian-companies-investigated-for-passing-off-ordinary-olive-oil-as-extra-virgin.html. 36.Melanie Pinola, “The Most (and Least) Fake Extra Virgin Olive Oil Brands,” Lifehacker, November 8, 2013, https://www.coconutbreeze.com/2013/11/the-most-and-least-fake-extra-virgin-olive-oil-brands/. 37.Andrew Don, “Food Fraud Tests Reveal 25% of Dried Oregano Is Adulterated,” The Grocer, July 23, 2015, https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/buying-and-supplying/food-safety/food-fraud-tests-reveal-25-of-dried-oregano-is-adulterated/522104.article. 38.

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New England Small College Athletic Conference, “About the NESCAC,” July 2018, http://www.nescac.com/about/about; NCAA, “Divisional Differences and the History of Multidivision Classification,” accessed April 22, 2019, https://www.ncaa.org/about/who-we-are/membership/divisional-differences-and-history-multidivision-classification. In contrast, the SEC schools offer only between six and nine men’s varsity sports and eight to twelve women’s varsity sports. Wikipedia, s.v. “Southeastern Conference: Men’s Sponsored Sports by School,” April 20, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Conference#Men.27s_sponsored_sports_by_school. A few schools participate in some varsity sports outside of the SEC, like women’s rowing. 38.Noel-Levitz Inc., Why Did They Enroll? The Factors Influencing College Choice (2012), 5 (33.7 percent of freshmen at private universities and 33.2 percent of freshmen at public universities); Ruffalo Noel Levitz, 2017 National Student Satisfaction and Priorities Report (2017) (33 percent of freshmen at private universities and 29 percent of freshmen at public universities). 39.Knight Commission, Restoring the Balance. 40.Only twelve schools’ athletic programs in 2015, according to the USA Today data, were profitable (that is, not being subsidized).

Science Fictions: How Fraud, Bias, Negligence, and Hype Undermine the Search for Truth
by Stuart Ritchie
Published 20 Jul 2020

Since height varies across different countries, it turns out that Austrian women are on average taller than Peruvian men (although the sex difference within each of these countries is preserved – Peruvian women are shorter than their male counterparts, and Austrian men taller than their female counterparts); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_human_height_by_country#Table_of_Heights 14. This would be an underestimate of the true effect: according to Wikipedia, the average height difference between men and women in Scotland was 13.7cm (or 5.5 inches) in 2008; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_human_height_by_country#Table_ of_Heights 15. The specific details of the calculation of the p-value aren’t strictly necessary for understanding how it works.

Finding Community: How to Join an Ecovillage or Intentional Community
by Diana Leafe Christian
Published 14 Jun 2007

Available in the US from Ecovillage Training Center, ecovillage@thefarm.org Utopianz: A Guide to Intentional Communities and Communal Living in Aotearoa New Zealand, R. Greenaway, et. al., ed., Umbrella Trust, 2004. straw@paradise.net.nz Online Directories • Fellowship for Intentional Community: directory.ic.org • Intentional Communities Database: icdb.org • WikiPedia, Intentional Communities: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/communities • Ecovillage Network of the Americas (ENA): ena.ecovillage.org • Ecovillage Network of Canada: enc.ecovillage.org • Urban Ecovillage Network: urban.ecovillage.org • Cohousing Association of the United States (Coho/US): cohousing.org • Canadian Cohousing Network: cohousing.ca • Federation of Egalitarian Communities (FEC): thefec.org • National Association of Housing Co-ops (NAHC): coophousing.org • North American Students of Cooperation (NASCO) (Student Co-op Housing): nasco.coop • Senior Cooperative Foundation (Senior Housing Co-ops): seniorcoops.org • Cooperative Services, Inc.

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As with the FIC’s Online Directory, people write up their listings themselves. Similarly, you can search for the variables you want: country, kind of community, speciŠc focus, and so on. You can also enter a description of yourself and what kind of community you’re looking for, which communities looking for new members can read. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intentional_community, is the intentional communities section of WikiPedia, the largest free, online encyclopedia in the world. It’s written collaboratively by readers online and by experts in their Šeld, and hosted by the nonproŠt WikiMedia Foundation in St. Peters- burg, Florida. Encyclopedia entries are available in English and many other languages, including Asian languages.

pages: 472 words: 141,591

Go, Flight!: The Unsung Heroes of Mission Control, 1965-1992
by Rick Houston and J. Milt Heflin
Published 27 Sep 2015

“Tales from the Lunar Module Guidance Computer.” DonEyles.com. http://www.doneyles.com/LM/Tales.html. Gainor, Christopher. “AVRO Employees and NASA; or, Canadians Putting America into Space.” Avro-Arrow.org, 5 March 1996. http://www.avro-arrow.org/Arrow/employees.html. “Gemini 5.” Wikipedia. Last modified 2 January 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_5. “Gemini 9 Target B.” NASA, National Space Science Data Center. http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1966-046A. Harwood, William G. “The CBS News Space Reporter’s Handbook STS-51L/107 Supplement: Remembering the Final Flights of Challenger and Columbia.” http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/SRH_Disasters.htm

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NASA Office of Logic Design, 10 April 2005. http://klabs.org/history/bios/hugh_blair_smith/elwin_mit_report.htm. Saxon, Wolfgang. “Scott Simpkinson, 76, Engineer Who Worked on Space Program.” New York Times, 15 August 1996. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/15/us/scott-simpkinson-76-engineer-who-worked-on-space-program.html. “STS-51L Mission Timeline.” Wikipedia. Last modified 20 March 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L_Mission_timeline#Detailed_timeline_and_transcript. Sublett, Jesse. “A League of Their Own.” Austin Chronicle, 12 March 1999. http://www.austinchronicle.com/screens/1999-03-12/521565/. “What Is ‘Bigeminy’ and How Is It Treated?” HealthCentral, Remedy Health Media. http://www.healthcentral.com/heart-disease/ask-doctor-44706-70.html.

pages: 475 words: 134,707

The Hype Machine: How Social Media Disrupts Our Elections, Our Economy, and Our Health--And How We Must Adapt
by Sinan Aral
Published 14 Sep 2020

used to fight suicide: Patrick Berlinquette, “I Used Google Ads for Social Engineering. It Worked,” New York Times, July 7, 2019. a countermeasure to the Ku Klux Klan: Edward C. Baig, “Redirecting Hate: ADL Hopes Googling KKK or Jihad Will Take You Down a Different Path,” USA Today, June 24, 2019. The Ice Bucket Challenge: “Ice Bucket Challenge,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Bucket_Challenge. organ donation program: Michelle Castillo, “Study: Allowing Organ Donation Status on Facebook Increased Number of Donors,” CBS News, June 18, 2013; Andrew M. Cameron et al., “Social Media and Organ Donor Registration: The Facebook Effect,” American Journal of Transplantation 13, no. 8 (2013): 2059–65.

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Dunbar, “The Social Brain Hypothesis and Human Evolution,” in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology (2016), https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.44; redrawn by Joanna Kosmides Edwards. Figure 5.2: Facebook, Inc. and MySpace, Inc. quarterly earnings reports from Statistica.com. Figure 6.2: “Precision and Recall,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_and_recall; redrawn by Joanna Kosmides Edwards. Figure 7.1: Strava, “Year in Sport 2018,” November 28, 2018, https://blog.strava.com/press/2018-year-in-sport/; redrawn by Joanna Kosmides Edwards. Figure 8.1: Shawndra Hill, Foster Provost, and Chris Volinsky, “Network-Based Marketing: Identifying Likely Adopters via Consumer Networks,” Statistical Science 21, no. 2 (2006): 256–76; and slides created by Hill, Provost, and Volinsky; redrawn by Joanna Kosmides Edwards.

Essential TypeScript 4: From Beginner to Pro
by Adam Freeman

Note The ES in these settings refers to ECMAScript, which is the standard that defines the features implemented by the JavaScript language. The history of JavaScript and ECMAScript is long, tortured, and not at all interesting. For TypeScript development, JavaScript and ECMAScript can be regarded as being the same, which is how I have approached them in the book. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript if you want to get into the details. The earlier versions of the ECMAScript standard were given numbers, but recent versions are named for the year in which they were completed. This change happened partway through the definition of ES6, which is why it is known as both ES6 and ES2015.

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This section assumes you do want to do unit testing and shows you how to set up the tools and apply them to TypeScript. It isn’t an introduction to unit testing, and I make no effort to persuade skeptical readers that unit testing is worthwhile. If would like an introduction to unit testing, then there is a good article here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_testing. I like unit testing, and I use it in my own projects—but not all of them and not as consistently as you might expect. I tend to focus on writing unit tests for features and functions that I know will be hard to write and are likely to be the source of bugs in deployment. In these situations, unit testing helps structure my thoughts about how to best implement what I need.

Advanced Software Testing—Vol. 3, 2nd Edition
by Jamie L. Mitchell and Rex Black
Published 15 Feb 2015

Karl Wiegers. http://www.processimpact.com/pr_goodies.shtml. “Out-of-memory problem caused Mars rover’s glitch.” Todd R. Weiss, Computerworld, Feb. 3, 2004. http://www.computerworld.com/article/2574759/data-storage-solutions/out-of-memory-problem-caused-mars-rover-sglitch.html. “Splint (programming tool).” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Splint_(programming_tool). Referenced Standards BS 7925/2, Software Component Testing Standard. DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification. IEEE 1008-1987, IEEE—Standard for Software Unit Testing. HELLOCARMS The Next Generation of Home Equity Lending System Requirements Document This document contains proprietary and confidential material of RBCS, Inc.

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To test the FALSE branch, it would require that the application be running in the background (with input coming from a device or file other than a keyboard). Because this is already way down in the weeds, we will leave it there. 10. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=800253.807712 or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomatic_complexity and click on the second reference at the bottom. 11. For example, NIST Special Publication 500-235, Structured Testing: A Testing Methodology Using the Cyclomatic Complexity Metric, found at http://www.itl.nist.gov/lab/specpubs/sp500.htm 12. A connected component, in this context, would be a called a subroutine. 13.

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PostgreSQL: Up and Running
by Regina Obe and Leo Hsu
Published 5 Jul 2012

The query is asking: What time is it in Paris if it’s 2012-02-28 10:00 p.m. in Los Angeles? Note the absence of UTC offset in the result. Also, notice how I can specify time zone with its official names rather than just an offset, visit Wikipedia for a list of official time zone names (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoneinfo). Operators and Functions for Date and Time Data Types The inclusion of a temporal interval data type greatly eases date and time arithmetics in PostgreSQL. Without it, we’d have to create another family of functions or use a nesting of functions as most other databases do.

Backbone.js Cookbook
by Vadim Mirgorod
Published 25 Aug 2013

To create a new model object, we used the extend() method provided by the ancestor model. To extend all Backbone models at once, we perform the mixing operation on the prototype of Backbone.Model using the extend() method of Undercore.js. See also ff To understand prototype inheritance, please navigate to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype-based_programming Creating a Backbone.js extension with Grunt It could be very important for the developer to create a Backbone extension that will be shared with the rest of the world or even re-used in future projects. In this recipe, we are going to learn how to create our own extension using Grunt, and we will upload it on GitHub.

pages: 183 words: 49,460

Start Small, Stay Small: A Developer's Guide to Launching a Startup
by Rob Walling
Published 15 Jan 2010

Her process takes some time over the course of a month, but it’s worth the effort to gather information about your interests. Approach #2: Look at Occupations Scan through the following lists of occupations to determine if you have any experience with them, or if you know someone who does: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_occupations http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.t01.htm Approach #3: Cheat One way to avoid the multi-step process of brainstorming niches, evaluating demand and selecting a product is to jump right to a product idea. And why not start with some inspiration to stretch and mold into a niche you’re familiar with?

pages: 193 words: 47,808

The Flat White Economy
by Douglas McWilliams
Published 15 Feb 2015

Authorised Depositary Receipts – the equivalent of shares for suitable foreign companies in the US. 31. www.yoursingapore.com/content/mice/en/why-singapore/key-industry-sectors/media-and-digital-content.html 32. www.globalinnovationindex.org/content.aspx?page=data-analysis 33. www.yoursingapore.com/content/mice/en/why-singapore/key-industry-sectors/innovation.html 34. Wikipedia calls Bangalore “The Pub Capital of India” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore 35. www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2014/feb/24/birmingham-new-technology-businesses 36. ‘The economic contribution of the media sector in Glasgow’: Report for the Glasgow Chambers of Commerce April 2014 37. www.ft.com/cms/s/2/ad9ab0a2-9e1e-11e2-bea1-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2Umx03300 38. features.techworld.com/sme/3589108/edinburgh-scale-up-fanduel-rejected-by-80-investors-on-way-to-becoming-1bn-firm/ 39. www.ft.com/cms/s/0/58d74174-7381-11e2-9e92-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3NC4cAj7g 40. www.cebr.com/reports/uk-local-innovation-index CHAPTER SIX 1.

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The End of Jobs: Money, Meaning and Freedom Without the 9-To-5
by Taylor Pearson
Published 27 Jun 2015

The global population has increased by over six billion while, at the same time, each individual has more wealth than their grandparents could have ever imagined. GDP per capita, a measure of wealth at an individual level, has gone from around $300 a year to over $6000 a year globally, and over $25,000 a year in the U.S. and rest of the West over the course of the past two hundred years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_reduction#/media/File:World_GDP_per_capita_1500_to_2003.png The tangible result is the level of material wealth that we all have at our fingertips today. Our grandparents couldn’t even imagine consumer goods and service like smartphones or two-day delivery from Amazon, things we now largely take for granted.

What Kind of Creatures Are We? (Columbia Themes in Philosophy)
by Noam Chomsky
Published 7 Dec 2015

Quine, Word and Object (1960; repr., Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2013), xiii. 22. Luigi Rizzi, Issues in Italian Syntax (Dordrecht: Foris, 1982). 2. WHAT CAN WE UNDERSTAND? 1. Owen Flanagan, The Science of the Mind, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991), 313. See also “New Mysterianism,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mysterianism. 2. Noam Chomsky, “Problems and Mysteries in the Study of Human Language,” in Language in Focus: Foundations, Methods and Systems: Essays in Memory of Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, ed. Asa Kasher (Boston: Reidel, 1976), 281–358. An extended version is in Chomsky, Reflections on Language (New York: Pantheon, 1975), chap. 4. 3.

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Python Web Penetration Testing Cookbook
by Cameron Buchanan , Terry Ip , Andrew Mabbitt , Benjamin May and Dave Mound
Published 28 Jun 2015

This is good for cookies used for authentication because it means they can't be sniffed over the wire if, for example, someone is monitoring open network traffic. Also note that the \x1b[31m code is a special ANSI escape code used to change the color of the terminal font. Here, we've highlighted the headers that are insecure in red. The \x1b[39;49m code resets the color back to default. See the Wikipedia page on ANSI for more information at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code. The next check is for the httponly attribute: if 'httponly' in cookie._rest.keys(): cookie.httponly = 'True' else: cookie.httponly = '\x1b[31mFalse\x1b[39;49m' print 'HTTPOnly:', cookie.httponly If this is set to True, it means JavaScript cannot access the contents of the cookie, and it is sent to the browser and can only be read by the browser.

pages: 197 words: 49,296

The Future We Choose: Surviving the Climate Crisis
by Christiana Figueres and Tom Rivett-Carnac
Published 25 Feb 2020

American Sociological Association, “In Disasters, Panic Is Rare; Altruism Dominates,” ScienceDaily, August 8, 2002, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020808075321.htm. 3. Therese J. Borchard, “How Giving Makes Us Happy,” Psych Central, July 8, 2018, https://psychcentral.com/blog/how-giving-makes-us-happy/. 4. Wikipedia, “November 2015 Paris Attacks,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks. 7. RADICAL REGENERATION 1. Richard Louv, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder (New York: Algonquin, 2005). 2. Gregory Bateson, Steps to an Ecology of Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972). 3.

pages: 189 words: 48,180

Elemental: How the Periodic Table Can Now Explain Everything
by Tim James
Published 26 Mar 2019

Cheek, “Electrochemical studies of the Fries rearrangement in ionic liquids,” Electrochemical Society Transactions, vol. 16, no. 49 (2009), pp. 541–4. 4. G. A. Olah, “My search for carbocatins and their role in chemistry,” Nobel Lecture (December 8, 1994). 5. To illustrate this point, the author has taken the claim from the article on superacids from Wikipedia. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superacid (accessed August 18, 2017) to illustrate this point. Wikipedia cites G. A. Olah, “Crossing conventional boundaries in half a century of research,” Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 70, no. 7 (2005), pp. 2413–29, for the claim that fluoroantimonic acid is 1016 times stronger than sulfuric known to have a pKa of −3, giving a pKa of −19. 6.

pages: 761 words: 231,902

The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology
by Ray Kurzweil
Published 14 Jul 2005

I estimate the compressed genome at about thirty to one hundred million bytes (see note 57 for chapter 2); this is smaller than the object code for Microsoft Word and much smaller than the source code. See Word 2003 system requirements, October 20, 2003, http://www.microsoft.com/office/word/prodinfo/sysreq.mspx. 9. Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics. 10. See note 57 in chapter 2 for an analysis of the information content in the genome, which I estimate to be 30 to 100 million bytes, therefore less than 109 bits. See the section "Human Memory Capacity" in chapter 3 (p. 126) for my analysis of the information in a human brain, estimated at 1018 bits. 11.

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Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert, Perceptrons (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1969). 28. Frank Rosenblatt, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, "The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain," Psychological Review 65.6 (1958): 386–408; see Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron. 29. O. Sporns, G. Tononi, and G. M. Edelman, "Connectivity and Complexity: The Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Brain Dynamics," Neural Networks 13.8–9 (2000): 909–22. 30. R. H. Hahnloser et al., "Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a Cortex-Inspired Silicon Circuit," Nature 405.6789 (June 22, 2000): 947–51; "MIT and Bell Labs Researchers Create Electronic Circuit That Mimics the Brain's Circuitry," MIT News, June 21, 2000, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2000/machinebrain.html. 31.

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Gene transfer to somatic cells affects a subset of cells in the body for a period of time. It is theoretically possible also to alter genetic information in egg and sperm (germ-line) cells, for the purpose of passing on those changes to the next generations. Such therapy poses many ethical concerns and has not yet been attempted. "Gene Therapy," Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy. 31. Genes encode proteins, which perform vital functions in the human body. Abnormal or mutated genes encode proteins that are unable to perform those functions, resulting in genetic disorders and diseases. The goal of gene therapy is to replace the defective genes so that normal proteins are produced.

pages: 153 words: 52,175

Bit Literacy: Productivity in the Age of Information and E-mail Overload
by Mark Hurst
Published 15 Jun 2007

I often type in all lower-case unless it’s an official or formal context, when I’ll buckle down and use the Shift key—much like dressing up for an important meeting. 41 Wikipedia credits Christopher Sholes, a Milwaukee newspaper editor, for designing Qwerty in the 1860s, patenting it in 1868, and selling it to Remington in 1873. 42 Wikipedia credits Dr. August Dvorak, a University of Washington professor, and William Dealey with inventing Dvorak in the 1930s. Some studies dispute the increase in speed from using Dvorak, but I’ve lived it. 43 Image from the Wikipedia page for the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard 44 This will change someday when brain-computer interfaces, now in their infancy, improve and become more widely available. 45 Years ago, a Unix computer from Sun Microsystems offered the only other good alternative I’ve ever seen: the control key switched places with the Caps Lock, adjacent to the left pinky’s home position.

pages: 184 words: 12,922

Pragmatic Version Control Using Git
by Travis Swicegood
Published 1 Dec 2008

You can copy all the code into another directory and start making changes, but then there’s no way to track the changes you make and—more importantly—undo the bad changes you make while experimenting. This is where branches come in. You can create a branch that marks a point where the files in the repository diverged. Each branch keeps track of the changes made to its content separately from other branches so you can create alternate histories. 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choose_Your_Own_Adventure Report erratum Prepared exclusively for Trieu Nguyen this copy is (P2.0 printing, March 2009) 21 Download at Boykma.Com M ERGING Create Branch release branch master branch some other branch Figure 1.1: How branches work You can see how branches work in Figure 1.1.

pages: 181 words: 52,147

The Driver in the Driverless Car: How Our Technology Choices Will Create the Future
by Vivek Wadhwa and Alex Salkever
Published 2 Apr 2017

Grosz, et al., “Autonomous weapons: An open letter from AI and robotics researchers,” Future of Life Institute, http://futureoflife.org/open-letter-autonomous-weapons (accessed 21 October 2016). 7. AJung Moon, “Machine Agency,” Roboethics info Database 22 April 2012, http://www.amoon.ca/Roboethics/wiki/the-open-roboethics-initiative/machine-agency. 8. Jason Kravarik and Sara Sidner, “The Dallas shootout, in the eyes of police,” CNN 15 July 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers (accessed 21 October 2016). 9. Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (rev.), W.W. Norton, 2016, http://books.wwnorton.com/books/The-Second-Machine-Age (accessed 21 October 2016). 10.

pages: 271 words: 52,814

Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy
by Melanie Swan
Published 22 Jan 2014

MIT Technology Review, October 19, 2014. http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/531461/how-a-wiki-is-keeping-direct-to-consumer-genetics-alive/. 142 DeCODEme. “Sales of Genetic Scans Direct to Consumer Through deCODEme Have Been Discontinued! Existing Customers Can Access Their Results Here Until January 1st 2015.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeCODE_genetics. 143 Castillo, M. “23andMe to Only Provide Ancestry, Raw Genetics Data During FDA Review.” CBS News, December 6, 2013. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/23andme-to-still-provide-ancestry-raw-genetics-data-during-fda-review/. 144 Swan, M. “Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine Through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory Biocitizen.”

pages: 222 words: 53,317

Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension
by Samuel Arbesman
Published 18 Jul 2016

While this program allows for embedding clauses within others, it seems that Kant Generator is not in fact infinitely recursive, as it will always terminate. structures known as garden path sentences: This example is from “Garden Path Sentence,” Wikipedia, accessed April 29, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_path_sentence. our mental-processing limits: Another example is the number of steps we think through when strategizing our decisions based on what we think others think and will do, as described by game theory. Few people think many levels deep (“I will do something based on what she thinks I think that she thinks that I think . . .”).

pages: 181 words: 53,257

Taming the To-Do List: How to Choose Your Best Work Every Day
by Glynnis Whitwer
Published 10 Aug 2015

“What You Need to Know about Willpower: The Psychological Science of Self-Control,” American Psychological Association Help Center, accessed February 25, 2015, http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/willpower.aspx. [2]. “Stanford Marshmallow Experiment,” Wikipedia, accessed February 25, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment. [3]. B. J. Casey et al., “Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Delay of Gratification 40 Years Later,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 36 (August 9, 2011): 14998–15003, doi:10.1073/pnas.1108561108. [4]. Maria Konnikova, “The Struggles of a Psychologist Studying Self-Control,” The New Yorker, October 9, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/struggles-psychologist-studying-self-control

398 DIY Tips, Tricks & Techniques: Practical Advice for New Home Improvement Enthusiasts
by Ian Anderson
Published 31 Mar 2019

Planningportal.co.uk: Advice and procedures related to UK planning and building regulations Pointmaster.co.uk: Pumps mortar into empty joints in brick/paving via a nozzle. Ultimatehandyman.co.uk: Over 50,000 pages of DIY info and an active forum. Wickes.co.uk: UK based home DIY supplier. En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_wiring: To fully understand just how ridiculously complex cable colours are in domestic wiring. Computer Related Topics Dropbox.com: Dropbox automatically saves your stuff to a server in the ‘cloud’. First 2GB free. Dummies.com: Excerpts from the Dummies guide books (there are other topics too).

pages: 175 words: 54,755

Robot, Take the Wheel: The Road to Autonomous Cars and the Lost Art of Driving
by Jason Torchinsky
Published 6 May 2019

* * * 24 Hikita, Munenori, “An introduction to ultrasonic sensors for vehicle parking,” newselectronics, May 12, 2010, http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-technology/an-introduction-to-ultrasonic-sensors-for -vehicle-parking/24966/. 25 Rudolph, Gert and Voelzke, Uwe, “Three Sensor Types Drive Autonomous Vehicles,” Sensors Online, November 10, 2017, https://www.sensorsmag.com/components/three-sensor-types-drive -autonomous-vehicles. 26 Utah, J, “Driving Downtown Object Detection - Rodeo Drive - Los Angeles, USA,” YouTube, July 1, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgnsapPGaaw. 27 Wikipedia, “Edge Detection,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_detection. 28 Torchinsky, Jason, “Why Nissan Built Realistic Inflatable Versions of Its Most Popular Cars,” Jalopnik, October 18, 2012, https://jalopnik.com/why-nissan-built-realistic-inflatable-versions-of-its-m-5952415. 29 Condliffe, Jamie, “This Image Is Why Self-Driving Cars Come Loaded with Many Types of Sensors,” MIT Technology Review, July 21, 2017, https://www. technologyreview.com/s/608321/this-image-is-why -self-driving-cars-come-loaded-with-many-types-of-sensors/. 30 Antunes, João, “Performance over Price: Lumina’s Novel Lidar Tech for Autonomous Vehicles,” SPAR 3D, May 5, 2017, https://www.spar3d.com/news/lidar/performance-price-luminars -novel-lidar-tech-autonomous-vehicles/. 31 Dwivedi, Priya, “Tracking a self-driving car with high precision,” Towards Data Science, April 30, 2017, https://towardsdatascience.com/helping-a-self-driving-car-localize-itself-88705f419e4a. 32 Kichun Jo; Yongwoo Jo; Jae Kyu Suhr; Ho Gi Jung; Myoungho Sunwoo, “Precise Localization of an Autonomous Car Based on Probabilistic Noise Models of Road Surface Marker Features Using Multiple Cameras,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportaion Systems, vol, 16, 6, December 2015, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7160754/. 33 Silver, David, “How Self-Driving Cars Work,” Medium, December 14, 2017, https://medium.com/udacity/how-self-driving-cars-work -f77c49dca47e. 34 Website of the Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and Cities, https://infrastructure.gov.au/vehicles/mv_standards_act/files/Sub136_Austroads.pdf.

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The Linux kernel primer: a top-down approach for x86 and PowerPC architectures
by Claudia Salzberg Rodriguez , Gordon Fischer and Steven Smolski
Published 15 Nov 2005

Other Distros Linux users can be passionate about their distribution of choice, and there are many out there. Slackware is a classic, MontaVista is great for embedded and, of course, you can roll your own distribution. For further reading on the variety of Linux dis tributions, I recommend the Wikipedia entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Linux_distributions. This likely contains the most up-to-date information and, if not, links to further information on the Web. 1.5. Kernel Release Information As with any software project, understanding the project's versioning scheme is a key element in your involvement as a contributor.

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For example, if your device has 1,000 256-byte sectors, that's equivalent to 500 512-byte sectors. In addition to having a gendisk structure, a block device also needs a spinlock structure for use with its request queue. Both the spinlock and fields in the gendisk structure must be initialized by the device driver. (Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_disk for a demonstration of initializing a RAM disk block device driver.) After the device is initialized and ready to handle requests, the add_disk() function should be called to add the block device to the system. Finally, if the block device can be used as a source of entropy for the system, the module initialization can also call add_disk_randomness().

Data Wrangling With Python: Tips and Tools to Make Your Life Easier
by Jacqueline Kazil
Published 4 Feb 2016

Learning the Command Line | 429 Table C-1. Bash for execution Command Use case More documentation sudo Executing the following command as a sudo or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo (super) user. Usually necessary if you are modifying core pieces of the filesystem or installing packages. bash Executing a bash file or moving back into a bash shell. http://ss64.com/bash/ ./configure Running configuration setup on a package (first step when installing a package from source). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_build_system #GNU_Autoconf make Executing a makefile after configuration to http://www.computerhope.com/unix/umake.htm compile the code and prepare for installation (second step when installing a package from source).

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Why We Can't Afford the Rich
by Andrew Sayer
Published 6 Nov 2014

So we might say that hedging and speculation have a moebius-strip relationship, sometimes appearing as on opposite but complementary sides, sometimes on the same side (Figure 7.1). Either way, when it comes to defending these activities, ‘hedging’, with its connotations of prudence, sounds better than ‘speculation’. Figure 7.1: The hedging–speculation moebius strip Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobius_strip There are some common defences of speculation, though, and they don’t always dress it up as hedging. Here’s one from a practitioner: ‘Like hundreds of thousands of other traders, I try to predict the prices of common goods a day or two or a few months in the future. If I think the price of an item will go up, I buy today and sell later.

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, CRESC Discussion Paper, p 8. 121 Canada, US, Mexico, Peru, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Japan. 122 Wikileaks (2013) ‘Secret Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP)’, https://wikileaks.org/tpp/pressrelease.html. 123 Wikileaks (2013). 124 Monbiot, G. (2013) ‘The lies behind this transatlantic trade deal’, Guardian, 2 December, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/02/transatlantic-free-trade-deal-regulation-by-lawyers-eu-us. 125 Corporate Europe Observatory (2013) ‘A transatlantic corporate bill of rights’, 3 June, http://corporateeurope.org/trade/2013/06/transatlantic-corporate-bill-rights. 126 McDonagh, T. (2013) ‘Unfair, unsustainable and under the radar’, San Francisco: Democracy Center, http://democracyctr.org/new-report-unfair-unsustainable-and-under-the-radar/. Chapter Eighteen: What about philanthropy? 127 Blair, T. (2012) Speech to conference on philanthropy, China Philanthropy Forum, Beijing, 28 November. 128 Wikipedia Hélder Cámara, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hélder_Câmara 129 According to research by Barclays Bank, 97% of the world’s ‘high net worth individuals’ give annually to charity. But only one third of these give away over 1% of their net worth:Too Much (2013) ‘A Whistleblower for Philanthropy’, 5 August, http://toomuchonline.org/weeklies2013/aug052013.html.

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Endless Money: The Moral Hazards of Socialism
by William Baker and Addison Wiggin
Published 2 Nov 2009

More often the above is misquoted with the glib follow-on that the rich are different because they have more money, an actual conversation attributed to Hemmingway but more properly to a literary reviewer of the time, Mary Colum. 2. Sidley Austin LLP website, http://www.sidley.com/tax_derivatives/. Accessed September 17, 2008. Italics and bold added by author. 3. Wikipedia, “Bernardine Dorn,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardine_ Dohrn, accessed October 15, 2008. 4. International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Market Survey June 30, 2008. “US Credit – Lehman Threatens CDS Market With First Real Test,” Reuters, September 14, 2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/ rbssInvestmentServices/idUSN1472586720080915. 5.

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Rothbard, A History of Money and Banking in the United States: The Colonial Era to World War II (Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2002), 217. Spanish pieces of eight began to be called dollars after 1690, according to this same source. 3. Warren Buffett, Harvard University Speech cited on en.wikipedia.org. 4. SPDR Gold Trust Prospectus, August 22, 2008, 15. 5. CitiFX Technicals – Chart of the Week, Citi Foreign Exchange, November 26, 2008. 6. SPDR Gold Trust Prospectus, August 22, 2008, 15. 7. Murray N. Rothbard, A History of Money and Banking in the United States: The Colonial Era to World War II (Auburn: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2002), 83–84. 8.

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The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an Unspeakable War, and Liberation
by Scott Carney and Jason Miklian
Published 28 Mar 2022

Syed Ali Hamid, “Prisoners of Aversa,” Friday Times, February 9, 2019; B. A. R. Siddiqi, General Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan: The Rise and Fall of a Soldier, 1947–1971 (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2020); Shuja Nawaz, “The Sage of Yahya Khan,” Friday Times, January 24, 2021. Additional details of the battle where Yahya was captured are available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala/. Yahya’s tank Agha Humayun Amin, Pakistan Army Since 1965 (Lahore: Defence Journal Publications, 2000). Yahya already stood out Dewan Berindranath, Private Life of Yahya Khan (New Delhi: Sterling, 1974), 19–34. The Nazis imprisoned Yahya Details of Yahya’s POW camp are primarily from fellow POW Satyen Basu in his self-published memoir, A Doctor in the Army, 34–55.

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The cord got wrapped Kubernik, “Celebrating the 100th Birthday of Indian Music Legend Ravi Shankar.” Clapton wedged his lit Concert for Bangladesh. Clapton later said he Clapton, Clapton: The Autobiography, 137. He’d just biked into Van Zandt, “With a Little Help from His Friends.” West Pakistan imprisoned The initiative was called Operation Omega; see more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Omega. A Dutch man stole “Vermeer Thefts: 1971—The Love Letter,” Daily Star, 2015. Children in thirty thousand Shamsul Bari, “Fast a Day to Save a People,” Bangladesh Newsletter (1972): 121. Activists built a refugee Shamsul Bari, “Bangladesh Refugee Camp at the United Nations,” Bangladesh Newsletter (1972): 134–35.

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Small Men on the Wrong Side of History: The Decline, Fall and Unlikely Return of Conservatism
by Ed West
Published 19 Mar 2020

Others refer to ‘every organisation becomes Left-wing unless explicitly Right-wing’ as O’Sullivan’s First Law, after John O’Sullivan, https://twitter.com/JohnOSullivanNR/status/1008655036048728064. 4 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1344779/YWCA-drops-word-Christianhistoric-Platform-51.html. 5 https://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/all-in-a-good-cause/. 6 National Audit Office, report into ‘Public Funding of Large National Charities’, https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/charity_funding.pdf. 7 According to veteran Anglo-American commentator John Derbyshire, https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/conquests-laws-john-derbyshire/. 8 http://catholicherald.co.uk/issues/october-16th-2015-2/where-amnesty-went-wrong/. 9 In 2010 Amnesty employee Gita Sahgal was sacked after criticising the group’s links with Cage, a group that campaigns on behalf of people captured in the ‘War on Terror’, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(organisation). 10 Dennis Sewell, ‘Where Amnesty went wrong’, Catholic Herald (16 October 2015), https://catholicherald.co.uk/issues/october-16th-2015-2/where-amnesty-went-wrong/. 11 https://www.amnesty.org.uk/have-your-say-gender-recognition-act?utm_source=TWITTER&utm_medium=social&utm_content=20181001123500&utm_campaign=Amnesty&post_ID=1810746615. 12 https://twitter.com/ACLU/status/1063456843706585089. 13 https://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/03/im-scared-to-admit-to-being-a-tory-in-todays-c-of-e/. 14 Philip Johnston, Bad Laws: An Explosive Analysis of Britain’s Petty Rules, Health and Safety Lunacies and Madcap Laws (London: Constable, 2010). 15 https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/text/100311-0010.htm. 16 Dan Lewis, Essential Guide to British Quangos (London: Centre for Policy Studies, 2005). 17 Eamonn Butler, The Rotten State of Britain: How Gordon Brown Lost a Decade and Cost a Fortune (London: Gibson Square, 2014). 18 In a 1973 interview with Playboy, quoted in Eamonn Butler, Classical Liberalism: A Primer (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2015). 19 ‘Waldorf Salad’, Fawlty Towers, season 2, episode 3, written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, directed by Bob Spiers (BBC One, 5 March, 1979). 20 Butler, Classical Liberalism. 21 Isabel Paterson, The God of the Machine (New York: G.

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Only 2 per cent of the population are gay men, and a sizeable minority of them are conservatives. 8 http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/if-youre-a-conservative-im-not-your-friend/. 9 https://medium.com/@NoahCarl/who-doesnt-want-to-hear-the-other-side-s-view-9a7cdf3ad702. 10 http://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/; http://fortune.com/2016/12/19/social-media-election/. 11 http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/03/12/social-networking-sites-and-politics/. 12 https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/conservatives-social-media-diet-more-balanced-than-liberals; https://www.statsocial.com/social-journalists/. 13 https://www.prri.org/research/poll-post-election-holiday-war-christmas/. 14 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661318300172. 15 https://yougov.co.uk/news/2015/10/02/why-right-wing-so-righteous/. 16 https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/02/10/left-wingers-keep-family/; https://twitter.com/robfordmancs/status/995969314976141312. 17 www.people-press.org/2017/07/20/since-trumps-election-increased-attention-to-politics-especially-among-women/1_51-2/. 18 https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2010/jun/05/roger-scruton-interview. 19 http://malcolmpollack.com/2014/01/24/casting-out-the-devil-2/. 20 https://twitter.com/shadihamid/status/1025391824494649345. 21 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1948550617729410?journalCode=sppa. 20. Sex and the Suburbs 1 Kirk, The Conservative Mind. 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuff_White_People_Like. 3 John Derbyshire, We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism (New York: Crown Forum, 2009). 4 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2751437/Why-leaning-Right-make-happy-opposition-power.html. 5 https://www.newstalk.com/Rural-pensioners-are-Irelands-happiest-people-sayssurvey. 6 https://twitter.com/TheEconomist/status/1063724705591541760. 7 https://twitter.com/page_eco/status/1001788008633319425; http://www.henrikkleven.com/uploads/3/7/3/1/37310663/kleven-landais-sogaard_gender_feb2017.pdf; https://www.ifau.se/globalassets/pdf/se/2018/wp2018-09-the-career-dynamics-of-high-skilledwomen-and-men-evidence-from-sweden.pdf; https://theconversation.com/how-parenthood-continues-to-cost-women-more-than-men-97243. 8 http://takimag.com/article/the_secret_history_of_the_21st_century_steve_sailer/print#axzz4kASRWobo. 9 He found ‘not only that Sailer was correct – lower median home values are closely linked to Republican voting – but that one of the key factors linking home values and Republican voting is marriage’. https://www.weeklystandard.com/jonathan-v-last/start-a-family. 10 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?

The Art of SEO
by Eric Enge , Stephan Spencer , Jessie Stricchiola and Rand Fishkin
Published 7 Mar 2012

Comparison of top five results for “blog” in Google and Bing Google Bing http://www.blogger.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog http://blog.com http://googleblog.blogspot.com http://blogger.com http://www.mattcutts.com/blog/ http://around-hingham.com http://wordpress.com http://wordpress.com There are some pretty significant differences here. For example, the search engines have three sites in common (blogger.com, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/blog, and wordpress.com) and two that differ. Bing shows one localized result (around-hingham.com) due to its proximity to the searcher.

pages: 1,034 words: 241,773

Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress
by Steven Pinker
Published 13 Feb 2018

Ireland, “Death Penalty in Decline,” Harvard Gazette, June 28, 2012; C. Walsh, “Death Penalty, in Retreat,” Harvard Gazette, Feb. 3, 2015. For current updates, see “International Death Penalty,” Amnesty International, http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/issues/death-penalty/international-death-penalty, and “Capital Punishment by Country,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_by_country. 34. C. Ireland, “Death Penalty in Decline,” Harvard Gazette, June 28, 2012. 35. History of the abolition of capital punishment: Hammel 2010. 36. Enlightenment arguments against the death penalty: Hammel 2010; Hunt 2007; Pinker 2011, pp. 146–53. 37.

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Latham, “Pan African Parliament Endorses Ban on FGM,” Inter Press Service, Aug. 6, 2016, http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/08/pan-african-parliament-endorses-ban-on-fgm/. 34. Criminalization of homosexuality and the gay rights revolution: Pinker 2011, pp. 447–54; Faderman 2015. 35. For current data on gay rights worldwide, see Equaldex, www.equaldex.com, and “LGBT Rights by Country or Territory,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory. 36. World Values Survey: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp. Emancipative values: Welzel 2013. 37. Distinguishing age, period, and cohort: Costa & McCrae 1982; Smith 2008. 38. See also F. Newport, “Americans Continue to Shift Left on Key Moral Issues,” Gallup, May 26, 2015, http://www.gallup.com/poll/183413/americans-continue-shift-left-key-moral-issues.aspx. 39.

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Overestimating the probability of extreme risks: Pinker 2011, pp. 368–73. 9. End-of-the-world predictions: “Doomsday Forecasts,” The Economist, Oct. 7, 2015, http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/10/predicting-end-world. 10. Apocalyptic movies: “List of Apocalyptic Films,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films, retrieved Dec. 15, 2016. 11. Quoted in Ronald Bailey, “Everybody Loves a Good Apocalypse,” Reason, Nov. 2015. 12. Y2K bug: M. Winerip, “Revisiting Y2K: Much Ado About Nothing?” New York Times, May 27, 2013. 13. G. Easterbrook, “We’re All Gonna Die!”

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The Start-Up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career
by Reid Hoffman and Ben Casnocha
Published 14 Feb 2012

Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties,” American Journal of Sociology 78, no. 6 (1973): 1371. 12. Ibid., 1362. 13. Herminia Ibarra, Working Identity (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1994): 113. 14. See Dunbar’s book How Many Friends Does One Person Need? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010), as well as the Wikipedia entry for Dunbar’s Number, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar’s_number. Also see Christopher Allen’s nuanced parsing of the concept, “The Dunbar Number as a Limit to Group Sizes,” Life with Alacrity (blog), March 10, 2004, http://www.lifewithalacrity.com/2004/03/the_dunbar_numb.html 15. Jeffrey Travers and Stanley Milgram, “An Experimental Study in the Small World Problem,” Sociometry 35, no. 4 (1969): 425–43, doi:10.1109/TIT.2010.2054490 16.

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Content: Selected Essays on Technology, Creativity, Copyright, and the Future of the Future
by Cory Doctorow
Published 15 Sep 2008

Zuckerman issued a public call to arms to rectify this, challenging Wikipedia contributors to seek out information on subjects like Africa's military conflicts, nursing and agriculture and write these subjects up in the same loving detail given over to science fiction novels and contemporary youth culture. His call has been answered well. What remains is to infiltrate the Wikipedia into the academe so that term papers, Masters and Doctoral theses on these subjects find themselves in whole or in part on the Wikipedia. [fn See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Xed/CROSSBOW for more on this] But if Wikipedia is authoritative, how does it get there? What alchemy turns the maunderings of "mouth-breathers with modems" into valid, useful encyclopedia entries? It all comes down to the way that disputes are deliberated over and resolved. Take the entry on Israel.

pages: 207 words: 59,298

The Gig Economy: A Critical Introduction
by Jamie Woodcock and Mark Graham
Published 17 Jan 2020

The odd turn of phrase that Amazon uses for tasks – HITs – indicates the connection to artificial intelligence with this kind of work. If Uber’s dream is to replace drivers with automated vehicles, the work being conducted on microwork platforms is also key to this process (Gray and Suri, 2019). Figure 4 The Mechanical Turk (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turk) It is technically challenging to develop products that are powered by artificial intelligence. The challenge is such that ‘some startups have worked out it’s cheaper and easier to get humans to behave like robots than it is to get machines to behave like humans’ (Solon, 2018).

Digital Transformation at Scale: Why the Strategy Is Delivery
by Andrew Greenway,Ben Terrett,Mike Bracken,Tom Loosemore
Published 18 Jun 2018

* * * 5 National Audit Office, Information and Communications Technology in government: Landscape review, para 2.8. 6 https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmpubadm/715/71507.htm#n48 7 https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2008 8 Quarterly National Accounts – National accounts aggregates, Office for National Statistics. 2013. 9 International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook (April 2017) 10 http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-675T 11 https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3368517 12 https://www.GOV.UK/government/news/digital-marketplace-transforming-how-small-businesses-sell-services-to-government 13 http://kk.org/thetechnium/the-shirky-prin/ 14 https://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonha-revesencio/philippines-a-digital-lif_1_b_7199924.html 15 http://surveillance.rsf.org/en/china/ 16 The full blog post is published here: https://gds.blog.gov.uk/2013/03/12/were-not-appy-not-appy-at-all/ 17 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_transformation 18 https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkotter/2011/09/21/can-i-use-this-method-for-change-in-my-organization-2/#46d1967f4714 19 https://gilest.org/normal-words.html Chapter 2 Before you begin Before you can make a start on creating a digital institution, you need four things. 1.

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Ajax: The Definitive Guide
by Anthony T. Holdener
Published 25 Jan 2008

. * @type Array */ function insertionSort(dataArray) { var j, index; /* Loop through the array to sort each value */ for (var i = 0, il = dataArray.length; i < il; i++) { index = dataArray[i]; j = i; /* Move the /dataArray/ index to the place of insertion */ while ((j > 0) && (dataArray[j - 1] > index)) { dataArray[j] = dataArray[j - 1]; j -= 1; } /* Move the current /dataArray/ index to the insertion location */ dataArray[j] = index; } return (dataArray); } Sorting Tables | 267 Sorting Algorithms The most common sorting algorithms can be separated into two groups based on their complexity. These two groups are represented by the Big O notations O(n2) and O(n log n). The computer science of Big O notation is interesting, but well beyond the scope of this book. You can find more information on the subject at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Big_O_notation. The O(n2) group of algorithms is best used for smaller data sets, whereas the O(n log n) algorithms perform best with large data sets. The common O(n2) algorithms are bubble, selection, insertion, and shell. The bubble sort is the oldest, but also the slowest and most inefficient.

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For example: var object = Class.create( ); object.prototype = { collision: { _boundingRadius: 0, _boundingCenter: [0, 0], //. //. //. } }; We will consider anything within the object’s radius as something with which we have collided. To calculate this, we will use the Pythagorean theorem (http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem) to determine a point’s distance to the center of the object. The Pythagorean theorem says that for a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. That is, x2 + y2 = r2. To solve for r (the radius) we take √(x2 + y2).

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Then, the test is checking the object’s radius squared against the calculation, ((x – centerX)2 + (y – centerY)2). This speeds up the calculation, but it is still slower than rectangular collision detection. Example 21-8 shows this collision testing as part of the Logic object. As an alternative, you could use a lookup table, or LUT (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup_table), of square root values to calculate more quickly than you can with the sqrt( ) function. Example 21-8. The circular collision test added to the Logic object /** * This object, Logic, is the container for all mathematical logic functionality * for the game. */ var Logic = { //. //. //. /** * This method, CircularCollisionDetect, tests for a collision between a * passed point and the passed circle (through its important values). * * @member Logic * @param {Array} p_point The point to test. * @param {Array} p_center The center point of the circle to test. * @param {Integer} p_r2 The radius squared from the circle to test. * @return Whether or not the point and the circle have collided. * @type Boolean */ CircularCollisionDetect: function(p_point, p_center, p_r2) { var r2 = Math.pow((p_point[0] - p_center[0]), 2) + Math.pow((p_point[1] - p_center[1]), 2); /* Is there a collision between the circle and point?

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Why the West Rules--For Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future
by Ian Morris
Published 11 Oct 2010

On ships, McGrail 2002, pp. 380–81, 390–92. Fifteenth-century Mexico: Pollard 1993, M. Smith 2003. Multiple renaissances: Goody 2010. Gavin Menzies’s arguments: Menzies 2002, 2008, and www.1421.tv and www.gavinmenzies.net. Historians’ response: Finlay 2004. A lot of discussion can be found online (for example, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1421_hypothesis and http://www.dightonrock.com/commentsandrebuttalsconcering142.htm). Princess Taiping: http://www.chinesevoyage.com. On the shipwreck: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2009/04/27/205767/Princess-Taiping.htm. Henry the Navigator: Russell 2000.

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Estimates of polar melting: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7139797.stm. Global weirding: T. Friedman 2008. Abrupt change: Pearce 2008. Stern Review: Stern 2006. Climate and food: Easterling 2007, Battisti and Naylor 2009, Lobell and Burke 2010. Food: http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/en/, http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/ai474e/ai474e13.htm, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_crisis. Regional impacts: Bättig et al. 2007. Water: Pearce 2007. There is a huge literature on migration into the United States and western Europe, much of it highly partisan. Swain 2007, The Economist’s survey of migration (“Open Up: A Special Report on Immigration,” The Economist, January 5, 2008; available at http://www.economist.com/specialreports), Caldwell 2009, and R.

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Some economists (for example, Nordhaus 2007) are critical, but an Australian report (Garnaut 2008) has reached similar conclusions to Stern. Nonstate organizations: T. Friedman 1999, van Creveld 1999. Energy issues: Smil 2006. Fermi Paradox: E. Jones 1985, Webb 2002. Search for extraterrestrials: Impey 2007, P. Davies 2010. Million civilizations: Shklovskii and Sagan 1968, p. 448. Drake’s Equation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation. High-tech weapons: Adams 2008, Singer 2009. Extinctions: Thomas et al. 2004. Sixth great extinction: Leakey and Lewin 1995. Bibliography Abernethy, David. The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415–1980. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.

Catalyst 5.8: The Perl MVC Framework
by Antano Solar John , Jonathan Rockway and Solar John Antano
Published 15 Nov 2010

There's no strict standard dictating what to return when, but the convention is to pick the most descriptive HTTP status code. The idea is to make it as easy as possible for an off-the-shelf HTTP client to understand what the response means. For a more detailed reading on REST, After this line add the following two link: http://tomayko.com/writings/rest-to-my-wife http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer We'll see all of this in action as we add a REST interface to our AddressBook application. [ 156 ] Chapter 7 Getting some REST In this section, we'll add REST to the AddressBook application so that API clients can easily look up people and their addresses.

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Circus Maximus: The Economic Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and the World Cup
by Andrew Zimbalist
Published 13 Jan 2015

Other criticisms of Barcelona's plan include the 40 kilometers of ring roads surrounding the city (which promoted personal car use at the expense of public transport and did little to alleviate inner-city traffic), the widespread use of migrant labor with long hours, and the high import component of building materials for the planned construction. See the LSE Study on Barcelona games, 2010; and Miguelez and Carrasquer, “The Repercussion of the Olympic Games on Labour” (Barcelona: Centre d'Estudis Olimpics, 1995). 13. See “2004 Universal Forum of Cultures” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Universal_Forum_of_Cultures), p. 3. 14. Parks, Promenades & Planning: Brand Management with the 21st Century Urban Waterfront, “Barcelona: Event as Catalyst” (urbanwaterfront.blogspot.com), p. 6. 15. M. Müller, “State Dirigisme in Megaprojects: Governing the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi,” Environment and Planning A 43, no. 9 (2011): 2091–108. 16.

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Without Their Permission: How the 21st Century Will Be Made, Not Managed
by Alexis Ohanian
Published 30 Sep 2013

v=xrrj9Wc2L84 7. https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/US/521/521.US.844.96-511.html 8. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media-network/video/2012/may/15/yochai-benkler-networked-public-sphere-sopa-pipa 9. http://thehill.com/blogs/hillicon-valley/technology/119771-bipartisan-bill-would-ramp-up-anti-piracy-enforcement-online 10. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2010/11/senator-web-censorship-bill-a-bunker-busting-cluster-bomb/ 11. http://www.wyden.senate.gov/news/press-releases/wyden-places-hold-on-protect-ip-act 12. http://www.reddit.com/r/politics/comments/nmnie/godaddy_supports_sopa_im_transferring_51_domains/ 13. http://support.godaddy.com/godaddy/go-daddys-position-on-sopa/ 14. http://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/o7ch9/lets_discuss_sopa_askreddit/ 15. http://blog.reddit.com/2012/01/stopped-they-must-be-on-this-all.html 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SOPA_initiative/Action 17. In their defense, Bloomberg TV invited me to talk about the bills on January 5. It may have been an audience of day traders and bankers, but it was an audience nonetheless (I don’t remember seeing Bloomberg TV listed among the supporters of the bill on the Judiciary Committee website, which might have had something to do with it). http://www.bloomberg.com/video/83688294-reddit-com-opposition-to-stop-online-piracy-act.html 18. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/02/business/media/the-danger-of-an-attack-on-piracy-online.html?

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Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less
by Greg McKeown
Published 14 Apr 2014

Also in this piece he identifies twelve reasons people don’t practice risk mitigation: Wharton Center for Risk Management and Decision Processes, “Informed Decisions on Catastrophe Risk,” Wharton Issue Brief, Winter 2010, http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/library/WRCib20101_PsychNatHaz.pdf. 16. SUBTRACT 1. Eliyahu M. Goldratt, The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement (Great Barrington, MA: North River Press, 2004), ch. 13, p. 94. 2. Sigmund Krancberg, A Soviet Postmortem: Philosophical Roots of the “Grand Failure” (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1994), 56. 3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/poiesi 17. PROGRESS 1. Parts of this chapter were first published in a blog post I wrote for Harvard Business Review called “Can We Reverse The Stanford Prison Experiment?” June 12, 2012. 2. Based on my interviews with Ward Clapham between 2011 and 2013. 3. Speech at the annual Labour Party Conference, September 30, 1993, when Blair was shadow home secretary; see “Not a Time for Soundbites: Tony Blair in Quotations,” Oxford University Press Blog, June 29, 2007, http://blog.oup.com/2007/06/tony_blair/#sthash.P1rI6OHy.dpuf. 4.

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Sabotage: The Financial System's Nasty Business
by Anastasia Nesvetailova and Ronen Palan
Published 28 Jan 2020

Ketchum, ‘15 biggest crowdfunding scams and failures of all time’, Go Banking Rates, 14 March 2018, www.gobankingrates.com/making-money/business/biggest-crowdfunding-scams-failures/. 9. ‘Fed researchers compare P2P lending to subprime mortgages’, Finextra, 10 November 2017, www.finextra.com/newsarticle/31322/fed-researchers-compare-p2p-lending-to-subprime-mortgages. 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lending_Club. 11. P. Rudegeair, ‘LendingClub CEO fired over faulty loans’, Wall Street Journal, 9 May 2016, www.wsj.com/articles/lendingclub-ceo-resigns-over-sales-review-1462795070. 12. M. Erman and H. Somerville, ‘LendingClub says ex-CEO took loans to boost volumes’, Reuters, 28 June 2016, www.reuters.com/article/us-lendingclub-ceo-idUSKCN0ZE13Q. 13.

Natural Language Processing with Python and spaCy
by Yuli Vasiliev
Published 2 Apr 2020

lstrip() break ➋ wiki_resp = wikipedia.page(phrase) print("Article title: ", wiki_resp.title) print("Article url: ", wiki_resp.url) print("Article summary: ", wikipedia.summary(phrase, sentences=1)) In this script, we extract a keyword or keyphrase from the submitted sentence ➊ and send it to the wikipedia.page() function, which returns the most relevant article for the given keyword ➋. Then we simply print out the article’s title, URL, and first sentence. The output this script generates should look like this: Article title: Rhinoceros Article url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinoceros Article summary: A rhinoceros (, from Greek rhinokero–s, meaning 'nose-horned', from rhis, meaning 'nose', and keras, meaning 'horn'), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of ... Try This Enhance the script in the previous section so it can “see” the children of the first prepositional object and the dependent prepositional objects.

pages: 215 words: 61,435

Why Liberalism Failed
by Patrick J. Deneen
Published 9 Jan 2018

See also Jonathan Marks, “Conservatives and the Higher Ed ‘Bubble,’” Inside Higher Ed, November 15, 2012, https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2012/11/15/conservative-focus-higher-ed-bubble-undermines-liberal-education-essay. 10. The history of institutional name changes is instructive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_university_and_college_name_changes_in_the_United_States. 11. Wendell Berry, “Faustian Economics: Hell Hath No Limits,” Harper’s, May 2008, 37–38. CHAPTER 6. THE NEW ARISTOCRACY 1. Murray, Coming Apart. 2. Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 23, 26. 3. F. A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, ed.

pages: 241 words: 63,981

Dirty Secrets How Tax Havens Destroy the Economy
by Richard Murphy
Published 14 Sep 2017

Chavagneux, Tax Havens: How Globalization Really Works (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010), pp. 110, 33. 4.See ‘Tax Havens and Their Use by US Taxpayers’, report prepared for the Internal Revenue Service, Washington, DC (‘Gordon Report’); European Commission, Code of Conduct on Business Taxation (Brussels: European Commission, 1997); OECD, Harmful Tax Competition: An Emerging Global Issue (Paris: OECD, 1998), pdf at oecd.org. 5.Lehman Brothers in the United States, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Bank in the UK, and Fortis in both the Netherlands and Belgium head a long list of such banks. See Wikipedia, ‘List of Banks Acquired or Bankrupted during the Great Recession’, at en.wikipedia.org. 6.‘London Summit – Leaders’ Statement’, 2 April 2009, pdf at imf.org. 7.OECD, Harmful Tax Competition: An Emerging Global Issue (Paris: OECD, 1998). 8.Ibid., para. 24. 9.Ibid., para. 25. 10.Ibid., para. 30. 11.European Commission, Code of Conduct on Business Taxation. 12.Quoted in ‘CFP News Summary, 05–11–01’, at archive.freedomandprosperity.org. 13.Anguilla, Bermuda, British Antarctic Territory, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Island, St Helena, St Helena dependencies (Ascension Island, Tristan da Cunha), South Georgia and the South Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands (those highlighted in bold are usually considered tax havens). 14.OECD, ‘Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes’, at oecd.org. 15.See, for example, Jersey Finance, ‘New Report Shows the Value of Jersey to the UK’, 2 July 2013, at jerseyfinance.je. 16.Sol Picciotto, International Business Taxation (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992) – also available as a pdf at taxjustice.net. 17.Association for Accountancy and Business Affairs, ‘Welcome to Offshore Watch: Exposing Global Corruption’, at visar.csustan.edu. 18.R.

pages: 523 words: 61,179

Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI
by Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson
Published 15 Jan 2018

Combines the power of AI with virtual, augmented, and mixed-reality technology to add intelligence to training, maintenance, and other activities. a. Accenture Research; Jerry Kaplan, Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know (New York, Oxford University Press: 2016); and Wikipedia, s.v. “Artificial intelligence,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence. 3 The Ultimate Innovation Machine AI in R&D and Business Innovation Automaker Tesla has been breaking ground in many ways. Obviously, the company is well known for its snazzy (and pricey) automobiles—including the Tesla Roadster, the first electric sports car—which have attracted not only customers but investors as well.

pages: 239 words: 60,065

Retire Before Mom and Dad
by Rob Berger
Published 10 Aug 2019

We’ve looked at how Time, Amount, and Return come together to create the Money Multiplier. We’ve seen how even small changes in each can have a big effect on our wealth. That’s good news. Like a tiny seed that grows into a mighty oak tree, small decisions we make today will supercharge our finances down the road. * * * 9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_72#History 10 https://personal.vanguard.com/us/insights/saving-investing/model-portfolio-allocations 3 Key Takeaways The Rule of 72 offers an easy way to determine how long it will take you to double your money. It also gives us a glimpse into the importance of our investment returns.

pages: 205 words: 61,903

Survival of the Richest: Escape Fantasies of the Tech Billionaires
by Douglas Rushkoff
Published 7 Sep 2022

Culkin, “A Schoolman’s Guide to Marshall McLuhan,” Saturday Review, March 18, 1967, 51–53, 71–72. 164 I wrote my dissertation : Douglas Rushkoff, “Monopoly Moneys,” PhD diss., Utrecht University, 2012. 164 the more frequently retail traders transacted : Dalbar, Inc., “Quantitative Analysis of Investor Behavior 2011” (Boston: Dalbar, Inc., 2011). 165 The stock shot upwards : Eric Lam and Lu Wang, “Steely Meme-Stock Short Sellers Stare Down $4.5 Billion Loss,” Bloomberg , June 3, 2021, https:// www .bloomberg .com /news /articles /2021 -06 -03 /defiant -meme -stock -short -sellers -stare -down -4 -5 -billion -loss. 166 A platform like TikTok : Shelly Banjo and Shawn Wen, “A Push-Up Contest on TikTok Exposed a Great Cyber-Espionage Threat,” Bloomberg , May 13, 2021, https:// www .bloomberg .com /news /articles /2021 -05 -13 /how -tiktok -works -and -does -it -share -data -with -china. 167 “They all know the algorithms” : Taylor Lorenz, Kellen Browning, and Sheera Frenkel, “TikTok Teens and K-Pop Stans Say They Sank Trump Rally,” New York Times , June 21, 2020, https:// www .nytimes .com /2020 /06 /21 /style /tiktok -trump -rally -tulsa .html. 167 formed a union : Zoe Schiffer, “Exclusive: Google Workers across the Globe Announce International Union Alliance to Hold Alphabet Accountable,” Verge , January 25, 2021, https:// www .theverge .com /2021 /1 /25 /22243138 /google -union -alphabet -workers -europe -announce -global -alliance. 167 “sometimes the boss is the best organizer” : Kate Conger, “Hundreds of Google Employees Unionize, Culminating Years of Activism,” New York Times , January 4, 2021, https:// www .nytimes .com /2021 /01 /04 /technology /google -employees -union .html. 169 an open letter about the frightening potential : Wikimedia, “Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence,” https:// en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Open _Letter _on _Artificial _Intelligence, accessed August 10, 2021. 170 “Things are getting … currently doing” : Cat Clifford, “Billionaire Tech Titan Mark Cuban on AI: ‘It Scares the S— Out of Me,’ ” CNBC , July 25, 2017, https:// www .cnbc .com /2017 /07 /25 /mark -cuban -on -ai -it -scares -me .html. 170 “Is the country going to turn” : Evan Osnos, “Doomsday Prep for the Super Rich,” New Yorker , January 22, 2017, https:// www .newyorker .com /magazine /2017 /01 /30 /doomsday -prep -for -the -super -rich. 170 Employees protested : Peter Kafka, “Google Wants out of the Creepy Military Robot Business,” Vox , March 17, 2016, https:// www .vox .com /2016 /3 /17 /11587060 /google -wants -out -of -the -creepy -military -robot -business. 170 four thousand Googlers : Kate Conger, “Google Employees Resign in Protest Against Pentagon Contract,” Gizmodo , May 14, 2018, https:// gizmodo .com /google -employees -resign -in -protest -against -pentagon -con -1825729300. 171 “the one who becomes the leader” : Associated Press, “Putin: Leader in Artificial Intelligence Will Rule World,” CNBC , September 4, 2017, https:// www .cnbc .com /2017 /09 /04 /putin -leader -in -artificial -intelligence -will -rule -world .html. 171 “I think the danger of AI” : Elon Musk Answers Your Questions!

pages: 552 words: 168,518

MacroWikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World
by Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams
Published 28 Sep 2010

Consultancies such as McKinsey have estimated that China will need to invest closer to US $200–300 billion each year in the development and large-scale use of renewable energy and nuclear power between now and 2030—and all that just to maintain its emissions at about 10 percent above 2005 levels. According to the report (REF), China will also need to be a leader in energy-saving technology, build environmentally friendly homes, develop more public transportation, and dramatically curtail car usage. 9. The Northeast Blackout of 2003. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_Blackout_of_2003. 10. “Berkeley Lab Study Estimates $80 Billion Annual Cost of Power Interruptions,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (February 2, 2005). 11. Leonard Gross, Hydro One, quoted in “Utilities, government charged up about high-tech power distribution systems,” CBC News (March 12, 2009). 12.

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And actually switching out batteries will prove difficult since every car will be designed differently and batteries weigh thousands of pounds. Will advances in battery technology (faster charging, longer duration) eliminate the need for exchange stations before they’re even built? Time will tell. 17. Progressive Automotive X Prize. See: http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/. 18. Orteig Prize. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orteig_Prize. 19. Jeremy Korzeniewski, “Chevy Volt will cost GM $750 million,” autobloggreen (December 9, 2008). 20. See Zipcar Press Release: http://zipcar.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&item=8. 21. “Case Study: Zipcar,” District of Columbia—Department of the Environment. See: http://ddoe.dc.gov/ddoe/cwp/view,a,1210,q,499698.asp. 22.

pages: 726 words: 172,988

The Bankers' New Clothes: What's Wrong With Banking and What to Do About It
by Anat Admati and Martin Hellwig
Published 15 Feb 2013

Since then, the triad of offering payment services, taking deposits, and lending has been rediscovered several times and has come to be regarded as the essence of banking. On the Amsterdam Bank, see Kindleberger (1984, 47 ff), and on the Hamburg Bank, see Lütge (1966, 390 ff). On English goldsmiths, see Kindleberger (1984, 50 ff), Rothbard (2008), and Selgin (2010). 17. See, for example, Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_intermediary, accessed September 30, 2012). The textbook treatment by Mishkin (2007, 223) describes banking as “asset substitution” and says that “banks make profits by selling liabilities with one set of characteristics (a particular combination of liquidity, risk, size and return) and using the proceeds to buy assets with a different set of characteristics.”

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A short con, quick and easy to pull off. Financial innovation did not decrease risk but increased risk significantly in complex ways.” 39. Prominent examples include Sumitomo Corporation in 1996, Société Générale and Morgan Stanley in 2008, and JPMorgan Chase in 2012. For a record of large trading losses in history, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trading_losses, accessed October 1, 2012. 40. Significant amounts of public money were again put at risk in the 2000s, before the financial crisis, when public treasurers eager to improve their finances were willing victims of the banks’ sales forces. In many cases, the buyers were misled about the risks of the products they bought.

pages: 742 words: 166,595

The Barbell Prescription: Strength Training for Life After 40
by Jonathon Sullivan and Andy Baker
Published 2 Dec 2016

Pflugers Arch 2005;450:437-46. Wijndaele K, Duvigneud N, Matton L, et al. Muscular strength, aerobic fitness and metabolic risk syndrome risk in Flemish adults. Med Sci Sports Sci 2007;29:233-240. Wikipedia. Efficiency of ATP production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cellular_respiration#Efficiency_of_ATP_production Wikipedia. High-intensity interval training. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-intensity_interval_training Willette AA, Guofan X, Johnson SC, et al. Insulin resistance, brain atrophy, and cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults. Diabetes Care 2012;36(2):443-449. Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, et al.

pages: 567 words: 171,072

The Greatest Capitalist Who Ever Lived: Tom Watson Jr. And the Epic Story of How IBM Created the Digital Age
by Ralph Watson McElvenny and Marc Wortman
Published 14 Oct 2023

For a video of the 704 playing chess against an IBM researcher, go to “Alex Bernstein at the IBM 704,” https://youtu.be/iT_Un3xo1qE. 24. “Arthur Samuel—Biography, History, and Inventions,” History-Computer, https://history-computer.com/people/arthur-samuel-biography-history-and-inventions/. 25. See “List of Nuclear Close Calls,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_close_calls. 26. Watson family. 27. Watson Jr., Father, Son & Co., 237–238. 28. Thomas J. Watson Jr., July 31, 1968, in Thirty Years of Management Briefings, 1958 to 1988 (IBM, 1988), no. 5-68, 114. 29. “IBM’s Thomas J. Watson Jr. Clink. Clank. Think,” Time, March 28, 1955. 30.

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Schutte, ed., The Uneasy Coalition: Design in Corporate America (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975), 66. 11. See “Milestones: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1960–1984,” Engineering and Technology History Wiki, http://ethw.org/Milestones:IBM_Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center,_1960_-_1984; see “List of Top United States Patent Recipients,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_top_United_States_patent_recipients. 12. Discussions with Ralph W. McElvenny. 13. Thomas J. Watson Jr., A Business and Its Beliefs: The Ideas That Helped Build IBM (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963), 67. 14. Pugh, Johnson, and Palmer, 360 and Early 370, 654–655. 15. Watson Jr., Father, Son & Co., 285. 16.

pages: 375 words: 66,268

High Performance JavaScript
by Nicholas C. Zakas
Published 15 Mar 2010

The output is said to be a preprocessed form of the input data, which is often used by some subsequent programs like compilers. The amount and kind of processing done depends on the nature of the preprocessor; some preprocessors are only capable of performing relatively simple textual substitutions and macro expansions, while others have the power of fully fledged programming languages. —http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preprocessor Preprocessing your JavaScript source files will not make your application faster by itself, but it will allow you to, among other things, conditionally instrument your code in order to measure how your application is performing. Since no preprocessor is specifically designed to work with JavaScript, it is necessary to use a lexical preprocessor that is flexible enough that its lexical analysis rules can be customized, or else use one that was designed to work with a language for which the lexical grammar is close enough to JavaScript’s own lexical grammar.

pages: 233 words: 67,596

Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning
by Thomas H. Davenport and Jeanne G. Harris
Published 6 Mar 2007

We excluded government respondents because government agencies could not be evaluated using these criteria. 14. Progressive Insurance, Annual Report to Shareholders, 2005. 15. Michael Lewis in a speech at Accenture, San Francisco, June 16, 2006. 16. CompStat is described in detail on Wikipedia-see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompStat. Steven Levitt has questioned the crime reductions due to CompStat in “Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six That Do Not,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 1 (Winter 2004): 163–190. 17. Cindy Blanthorne and Kristen Selvey Yance, “The Tax Gap: Measuring the IRS’s Bottom Line,” CPA Journal Online (New York State Society of CPAs), April 2006, http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2006/406/essentials/p40.htm. 18.

pages: 391 words: 71,600

Hit Refresh: The Quest to Rediscover Microsoft's Soul and Imagine a Better Future for Everyone
by Satya Nadella , Greg Shaw and Jill Tracie Nichols
Published 25 Sep 2017

Adesanya, Ireti. “The Genius Behind the Gini Index.” Virginia Commonwealth University School of Mass Communications Multimedia Journalism. Last modified December 20, 2013. http://mmj.vcu.edu/2013/12/20/methodology-gini-index-sidebar/. “Maxima and minima.” Wikipedia. Last modified October 9, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxima_and_minima. Immelt, Jeffrey. “NYU Stern Graduate Convocation 2016: Jeffrey Immelt.” Filmed May 20, 2016. YouTube video, 18:27. Posted June 2, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLMiuN8uSsk. Erlanger, Steven. “‘Brexit’: Explaining Britain’s Vote on European Union Membership.” New York Times, October 27, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/world/europe/britain-european-union-brexit.html?

pages: 247 words: 63,208

The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance
by Jim Whitehurst
Published 1 Jun 2015

Jack Stack with Bo Burlingham, The Great Game of Business (New York: Crown Business, 2013), 178. Chapter 4 1. Brook Manville and Josiah Ober, A Company of Citizens (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2003), 10. 2. Ibid., 135–136. 3. Burchell and Robin, The Great Workplace, 43. 4. Wikipedia, s.v. “Meritocracy,” last modified December 18, 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy. 5. Liz Elting, “How I Grew: Meritocracy Helped Us Grow to a $350 Million Company,” Translations.com, http://www.translations.com/about/news/in-the-news/how-i-grew-meritocracy-helped-us-grow-350-million-company. 6. Rajendra Sisodia, Jagdish N. Sheth, and David Wolfe, Firms of Endearment (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2014), 247. 7.

Learning Node.js: A Hands-On Guide to Building Web Applications in JavaScript
by Marc Wandschneider
Published 18 Jun 2013

Part of writing your servers includes thinking logically about what you are trying to communicate to the calling clients and sending them as much information as possible to help them understand your response. * * * HTTP Response Codes The HTTP specification contains a large number of response codes a server can return to calling clients. You can learn more about them on Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes). Although a dizzying number of response codes is possible, you’ll find yourself using a few of the more common responses in most of your applications: • 200 OK—Everything went fine. • 301 Moved Permanently—The requested URL has been moved, and the client should re-request it at the URL specified in the response

pages: 249 words: 66,383

House of Debt: How They (And You) Caused the Great Recession, and How We Can Prevent It From Happening Again
by Atif Mian and Amir Sufi
Published 11 May 2014

Davis and Till von Wachter, “Recessions and the Costs of Job Loss,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Fall 2011. Chapter Six 1. We define the west side of Detroit as people living in the following zip codes: 48219, 48223, 48227, 48228, 48235. Background information is from the Wikipedia entry on Brightmoor, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightmoor,_Detroit, and authors’ calculations. 2. Ron French, “How the Home Loan Boom Went Bust,” Detroit News, November 27, 2007. 3. Mark Whitehouse, “‘Subprime’ Aftermath: Losing the Family Home,” Wall Street Journal, May 30, 2007. 4. French, “Home Loan Boom Went Bust.” 5.

The Emotionally Absent Mother: A Guide to Self-Healing and Getting the Love You Missed
by Jasmin Lee Cori
Published 13 Sep 2010

(Los Angeles: Tarcher, 1990), p. 92. 64 John Bradshaw, Homecoming: Reclaiming and Championing Your Inner Child (New York: Bantam, 1990), p. 75. 65 Ibid., p. 78. 66 Edward Z. Tronick, “Dyadically Expanded States of Consciousness and the Process of Therapeutic Change,” Infant Mental Health Journal 19, no. 3 (1998): pp. 290-299. 67 “Donald Winnicott,” retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Winnicott on April 12, 2008. 68 Wallin, Attachment in Psychotherapy, p. 121. 69 Wallin, Attachment in Psychotherapy, p. 119. 70 Soonja Kim, “Sweet Re-Mothering for Undermothered Women,” first published in Open Exchange Magazine and retrieved from the author’s Web site, www.motheringwomen.com on March 4, 2010. 71 Ibid. 72 Ibid. 73 Dennis L.

pages: 247 words: 64,986

Hive Mind: How Your Nation’s IQ Matters So Much More Than Your Own
by Garett Jones
Published 15 Feb 2015

4 Fortunately, the real Raven’s is multiple choice, so you needn’t solve it yourself. In all these questions, the goal is to look for a visual pattern and then choose the option that completes the pattern. FIGURE 1.1 A problem similar to those on the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raven_Matrix.svg (Under Creative Commons License, from user Life_of_Riley) The questions eventually get quite difficult. The lower-right corner is always blank, and you choose the best multiple-choice response. Raven’s is popular because it can easily be given to a roomful of students at once (no need for one tester per student) and because it appears (note the italics) to have fewer cultural biases than some other IQ tests: the test doesn’t measure your vocabulary, your exposure to American or British history, your skill at arithmetic, or any other obviously school-taught skill.

pages: 242 words: 71,943

Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Rebuild American Prosperity
by Charles L. Marohn, Jr.
Published 24 Sep 2019

By remaking local government to focus on the broad creation of wealth, local leaders will develop the capacity to assert their own competence. America needs that to happen. Notes 1 Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder (New York: Random House, LLC, 2012). 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism) 10 An Intentional Life My oldest daughter, Chloe, came home from her first day of kindergarten bursting with joy. Back then she was a chatty princess with a lot to say. My wife and I listened to her tell us about her day: her teacher, the new routine, all the new friends she was making.

pages: 218 words: 70,323

Critical: Science and Stories From the Brink of Human Life
by Matt Morgan
Published 29 May 2019

Goetz, L. H. & Schork, N. J. Personalized medicine: motivation, challenges, and progress. Fertil. Steril. 109, 952–963 (2018). ‘. . . the first weekend of March saw sixteen weather-related deaths as the heaviest snowfall in more than thirty-five years was dumped on an ill-prepared UK.’ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Great_Britain_and_Ireland_cold_wave ‘. . . one of the busiest periods for critical care services ever described, with my ICU swelling to over 170 per cent of its funded capacity.’ Campbell, D. NHS intensive care units sending patients elsewhere due to lack of beds. The Guardian (2018)

pages: 225 words: 70,590

Curbing Traffic: The Human Case for Fewer Cars in Our Lives
by Chris Bruntlett and Melissa Bruntlett
Published 28 Jun 2021

Appleyard, Donald, and Mark Lintell. Environmental Quality of City Streets: The Residents’ Viewpoint. Highway Research Record, 1971. Biddulph, Mike. “Street Design and Street Use: Comparing Traffic Calmed and Home Zone Streets.” Journal of Urban Design, 2012. “Boids.” Accessed April 26, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boids. Bouchard, Mikayla. “Transportation Emerges as Crucial to Escaping Poverty.” Accessed July 5, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/07/upshot/transportation-emerges-as-crucial-to-escaping-poverty.html. Bowdler, Janis, et al. Building Equitable Cities: How to Drive Economic Mobility and Regional Growth.

pages: 247 words: 69,593

The Creative Curve: How to Develop the Right Idea, at the Right Time
by Allen Gannett
Published 11 Jun 2018

You could call Martin: Details relating to Martin drawn mostly from John Seabrook, “Blank Space: What Kind of Genius Is Max Martin?,” The New Yorker, September 30, 2015, http://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/blank-space-what-kind-of-genius-is-max-martin; and “List of Billboard number-one singles,” Wikipedia (date unlisted), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Billboard_number-one_singles. NPR once dubbed him: “The Scandinavian Secret Behind All Your Favorite Songs,” WBUR, 2015, http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2015/10/02/dr-luke-taylor-swift-katy-perry-pop-music. Martin is in fact: Billboard Staff, “Max Martin’s Hot 100 No. 1s as a Songwriter—From Justin Timberlake’s ‘Can’t Stop the Feeling!’

pages: 296 words: 66,815

The AI-First Company
by Ash Fontana
Published 4 May 2021

*Sanjoy Dasgupta and Daniel Hsu, “Hierarchical Sampling for Active Learning,” in ICML ’08: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Machine Learning (New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2008): 208–15. * “API.DATA.GOV,” Data.gov, accessed September 11, 2020, https://api.data.gov. *Convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks are explained on p. 151. *See the glossary for definitions of these terms. * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_cycle. * Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2016). * Ben Thompson, “Defining Aggregators,” Stratechery, accessed September 26, 2017, https://stratechery.com/2017/defining-aggregators/.

pages: 287 words: 69,655

Don't Trust Your Gut: Using Data to Get What You Really Want in LIfe
by Seth Stephens-Davidowitz
Published 9 May 2022

date=all&q=my%20penis%20is%205%20inches,my%20penis%20is%204%20inches,my%20penis%20is%203%20inches,my%20penis%20is%206%20inches,my%20penis%20is%207%20inches. really like sentences that include the word “you”: Ariana Orwell, Ethan Kross, and Susan A. Gelman, “ ‘You’ speaks to me: Effects of generic-you in creating resonance between people and ideas,” PNAS 117(49) (2020): 31038–45. the best-selling books of all time: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books. the most comprehensive study of rich people: Matthew Smith, Danny Yagan, Owen Zidar, and Eric Zwick, “Capitalists in the Twenty-First Century,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 134(4) (2019): 1675–1745. median age of entrepreneurs: Pierre Azoulay, Benjamin F.

pages: 996 words: 180,520

Nagios: System and Network Monitoring, 2nd Edition
by Wolfgang Barth
Published 19 Aug 2009

So that the Internet daemon can take account of the modification, its configuration must be reloaded: linux:~ # /etc/init.d/inetd reload * * * [136] If you want to define more than one IP address for allowed_hosts, they are separated by a comma. [137] The append mode only makes sense if the External Command File is replaced for debugging purposes with a simple file. [138] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0KI97 [139] Rijndael-128: 14; Rijndael-192: 15; Rijndael-256: 16 14.3 Client-side Configuration The configuration file send_nsca.cfg on the client side must contain the same encryption parameters as the file on the Nagios server: password=verysecret decryption_method=10 Since the key is also written here in plain text, it should not be readable for just any user.

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The negotiate procedure is shown in a somewhat simplified form here, and it is possible that the server sends back a 401 code (Unauthorized) with the WWW-Authenticate field after it receives the Authorization packet of the client, because further authentication data is required. The client then sends another Authorization header entry, as requested. This is repeated until the server answers with 200 OK. * * * [316] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_sign_on [317] The scenario described may also work with Windows 2000, but the author was not able to test this. Nevertheless, there are certainly differences in the Kerberos implementation between Windows 2000 and Windows 2003, which probably require adjustments to the procedure descrbed here

pages: 1,007 words: 181,911

The 4-Hour Chef: The Simple Path to Cooking Like a Pro, Learning Anything, and Living the Good Life
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 1 Jan 2012

Some industry analysts estimate that more than 50% of all mass-produced olive oil is spoiled when consumed. Last but not least, the fat in macadamia nut oil contains the lowest concentration of omega-6 fatty acids of all common cooking oils. I purchase mine from oilsofaloha.com, and I favor their unflavored oils for learning to cook. ‡ Wikipedia, “Smoke Point,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_point (accessed September 16, 2012). There are many factors that affect smoke point, so the numbers may vary, but our chart gives you an idea of the order. SALT (DIAMOND crystal KOSHER + MALDON) In the heyday of the Roman empire, workers were sometimes paid in salt, hence the word salary in English.7 Most chefs agree that salt is the most important ingredient in the kitchen, so don’t cut corners here.

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‡ Oxford Dictionaries, “The OEC: Facts About the Language,” http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/the-oec-facts-about-the-language (accessed September 16, 2012). 24 Biggs is recounting his 1964 interview with the legendary hedge-fund manager Alfred Jones. Jones had, at that time, averaged 28% compounded annual returns for nearly a decade. ‡ Josh Sens, “Swing School,” American Way, September 2011, http://www.americanwaymag.com/stan-utley-golf-channel (accessed September 18, 2012). ‡ Wikipedia, “Working Memory,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_memory (accessed June 13, 2012). 25 The term prodigy shouldn’t apply to Josh because prodigy is used with a single modifier in front of it, as in “Josh is a chess prodigy.” Josh defies pigeonholing. He tackled t’ai chi ch’uan after leaving the chess world behind. Thirteen Push Hands National Championships and two World Championship titles later, he decided to train in Brazilian jujitsu.

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The Architecture of Open Source Applications
by Amy Brown and Greg Wilson
Published 24 May 2011

One of the great things about an open source system like VTK is that many of these mistakes can and will be rectified over time. We have an active, capable development community that is improving the system every day and we expect this to continue into the foreseeable future. Footnotes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaque_pointer. See the latest VTK code analysis at http://www.ohloh.net/p/vtk/analyses/latest. http://www.midasjournal.org/?journal=35 The Architecture of Open Source Applications Amy Brown and Greg Wilson (eds.) ISBN 978-1-257-63801-7 License / Buy / Contribute Chapter 7.

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While there is no magic answer to this problem, I hope that the continued exposure to new problem domains, a willingness to reevaluate previous decisions, and to redesign and throw away code will help. After all, the goal isn't to be perfect, it is to keep getting better over time. Footnotes http://llvm.org http://clang.llvm.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JVM_languages A backronym that now stands for "GNU Compiler Collection". This is in contrast to a two-address instruction set, like X86, which destructively updates an input register, or one-address machines which take one explicit operand and operate on an accumulator or the top of the stack on a stack machine.

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Derivatives Markets
by David Goldenberg
Published 2 Mar 2016

In 2013, the CFTC ordered the return of 1.2 billion dollars to investors with funds at MF Global (see Website 2). Presumably investors were compensated 100% for their invested funds. Why is it critical for futures exchanges that the MF Global scandal be resolved? d. Do the MF Global and the Peregrine scandals imply that all FCMs are suspect? Or even that most of them are? e. Go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy_of_composition (accessed May 27, 2015) and absorb the information there. The fallacy of composition is a very common error in reasoning, occurring frequently in economic scenarios. Try to apply it to this mini-case. 5.2 THREE PHASES OF FUTURES TRADING There are three phases to trading futures contracts and we will discuss each in turn.

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We will discuss each component of the basic call option price quote in Table 9.3. a. 08 Mar refers to the expiration date in March 2008. b. The exercise price of the call is $45.00. c. C is the CBOE’s expiration month code for March calls (O is the code for puts). d. I is the strike price code for 45.00 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Option_naming_conventionStrike_Price_Codes; accessed May 27, 2015). e. E indicates that the option was traded on the CBOE Chicago Board Options Exchange (www.cboe.com/delayedquote/quotehelp.aspx; accessed May 27, 2015). f. The Last Sale gives the asked price at which this option was last traded prior to the observation time.

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Space Odyssey: Stanley Kubrick, Arthur C. Clarke, and the Making of a Masterpiece
by Michael Benson
Published 2 Apr 2018

In each case, the monolith: descriptions of cutout monoliths from Cantwell, interview transcript by Shay, August 17, 1979. “a puppet controlled by invisible strings”: Clarke, 2001: A Space Odyssey, 12. “The literal description of these tests”: Clarke, Lost Worlds, 47-48. “Any sufficiently advanced technology”: Clarke’s laws have been widely promulgated. See “Clark’s Three Laws,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarke%27s_three_laws. “wanted to hint at magic”: Clarke, interview by Gelmis, Camera Three. in late October, Cantwell conceived of a view: time frame determined by Stanley Kubrick summary of lunch discussion with the Effects Department, October 20, 1967. “Once again, we go for the symmetry” . . .

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“read the book, see the film”: LoBrutto, Stanley Kubrick, 310. the highest-grossing film of the year: see “Box Office / Business for 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968),” IMDb, www.imdb.com/title/tt0062622/business?ref_=ttfc_ql_4; “1968 in Film,” Wikipedia, last modified November 17, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_in_film. “Stanley is now laughing all the way to the bank”: Clarke to Ray Bradbury, June 6, 1968. “Stanley and I are laughing”: Arthur C. Clarke, “The Myth of 2001,” Cosmos Science-Fantasy Review, no. 1 (April 1969): 10, reprinted in Clarke, Report on Planet Three, 222–24. “The success of 2001 was a great surprise”: Clarke interview from Time out of Mind, BBC2 series on science fiction, 1979, www.youtube.com/watch?

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Bourgeois Dignity: Why Economics Can't Explain the Modern World
by Deirdre N. McCloskey
Published 15 Nov 2011

A difference between 24 and 21 percent does not change any conclusion here or elsewhere in the book. We are dealing throughout with rough figures of how much people make, earn, and consume. The three sets of estimates (and a fourth, from the CIA, giving much the same results) are conveniently gathered (for 2011/2012) at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita, and for the Penn Tables https://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en#hl=en&q=Penn+Tables. 4. “Make, earn, and consume” because in a correct accounting (but see note 6) the figures would show that what an economy produces is the same to the last cent as what its people earn as income and what they consume, whether in the marketplace, in homework, or in leisure.

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But not to worry, and if to worry not to worry too much: errors at such magnitudes do not matter for anything I say here, because we are concerned with orders of (very great) magnitude. Any factor of 10 or 30 or 100 will do, and some such factor is justifiable by all manner of evidence. 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development Indicators. 8. In Maddison’s tables, which seem best for the purpose, Brazilian GDP per person in 2001, deflated to 1990 international Geary-Khamis dollars, was $5,570 (Maddison 2007, table 4c, p. 522). From Index Mundi, which collected its numbers from the annual CIA Factbook (http://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/gdp_real_growth_rate.html), one can reckon from the ratio of Brazil’s real per-capita income in 2010 to that in 2000/2002 that the Maddisonian figure for 2010 would have been about $8,021.

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For recent expositions, see Fogel 2004; Floud et al. 2011. But on Fogel, see de Vries 2008, pp. 117–120. A judicious survey is Kelly and Ó Gráda 2012. 14. Quoted from Moburg’s memoir in Brown 2008, pp. 9–10. 15. Examine Wikipedia’s astonishing “List of Tuberculosis Cases” at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tuberculosis_cases (the editors, to be sure, plead for “citations to reliable sources”). Beyond those mentioned in the text there were, for example, Burns, Schiller, Scott, Balzac, Chopin, John C. Calhoun, nearly the entire Brontë family, Delacroix, Thoreau, Napoleon II, Robert Louis Stevenson, John Ruskin, Chekhov, and Orwell. 16.

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The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living Since the Civil War (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World)
by Robert J. Gordon
Published 12 Jan 2016

Quotations from Bettmann (1974, pp. 110–13). 33. Details from Carroll (2010). 34. Fite (1987, p. 47). 35. Details from Schlereth (1991, pp. 142–43). 36. Danbom (2006, p. 97). 37. Clark (1964, p. 131). 38. Schlereth (1991, p. 91). 39. The radiator was invented in 1855–57 by Franz San Galli in St. Petersburg, according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator. 40. Strasser (1982, p. 57). 41. Among other sources, the history of the toilet is available at www.victoriaplumb.com/bathroom_DIY/history_of_toilets.html. 42. http://plumbing.1800anytyme.com/history-of-plumbing.php. 43. Strasser (1982, p. 97). 44. Danbom (2006, p. 96). Further discussion of consumer finance and mortgage debt is provided in chapter 9. 45.

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A Google search of “House styles of 1870” in July 2011 called forth a listing on oldhouses.com of 131 current real estate listings of houses built between 1870 and 1880. 50. www.localhistories.org/middleclass.html. 51. Carr (1909, pp. 18–22). 52. Quoted by Greene (2008, pp. 1–2). 53. Greene (2008, p. 167). 54. Rosenzweig (1983, p. 48). 55. Facts on Coney Island from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island. 56. Kleinberg (1989, p. 109). 57. Schlereth (1991, p. 288). 58. Starr (1982, p. 113). 59. Danbom (2006, p. 98). 60. Melosi (2000, p. 90). 61. Melosi (2000, p. 75). 62. My colleague Louis Cain tells me that a current flowing at about 3.33 cubit feet per second would purify waste from a human population equivalent of 3 million in about 100 miles. 63.

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As an example of the swiftness of current web searching, in writing this sentence on my desktop PC in mid-2014, I entered the search term “introduction date of Windows 95” on my adjacent laptop and within a fraction of a second, a response page appeared with “August 24, 1995” in large bold type at the top of the page. 21. O’Malley (1995, p. 80). 22. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia. These would be very large volumes containing 1.6 million words each, more than five times the number of words in this book. 14 ANTIBIOTICS, CT SCANS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HEALTH AND MEDICINE 1. This refers to U.S. life expectancy at birth versus U.S. health expenditure per person, compared to those of the rest of the G7 nations.

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The Five-Year Party: How Colleges Have Given Up on Educating Your Child and What You Can Do About It
by Craig Brandon
Published 17 Aug 2010

Columbus Dispatch, May 31, 2009. 149 Sontag, Deborah. “Who Was Responsible for Elizabeth Shin?” New York Times Magazine , April 28, 2002, < http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/magazine/28MIT.html?pagewanted=1>. 150 Tavernise. 151 Ibid. 152 Ibid. 153 Wikipedia entry on Seung-Hui Cho, < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seung-Hui_Cho> (accessed March 25, 2009). 154 Ian Urbina. “Report on Virginia Tech Shooting Finds Notification Delays.” New York Times, December 4, 2009. 155 Sara Lipka. “Education Dept. Releases New Rules on Student-Privacy Law, Giving Colleges More Room for Judgment.” Chronicle of Higher Education, December 9, 2008, < http://chronicle.com/article/New-Rules-on-Student-Privac/1398/>. 156 Ibid. 157 Ibid. 158 “Security On Campus, Inc., Hails Landmark Federal Ruling That Says Colleges and Universities Can’t Silence Campus Rape Victims,” Security on Campus, Inc., press release, August 4, 2004. 159 Ibid. 160 Nina Bernstein.

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I Live in the Future & Here's How It Works: Why Your World, Work, and Brain Are Being Creatively Disrupted
by Nick Bilton
Published 13 Sep 2010

Chapter 8: what the future will look like 1 The Minority Report concepts: Personal interview with Dale Herigstad, creative director, Schematic. Also e-mail interview with Mr. Herigstad and video by John Underkoffler about the future of user interface for 2010 TED Talk, http://www.ted.com/talks/john_underkoffler_drive_3d_data_with_a_gesture.html. Also: Wikipedia entry for Minority Report, en.Wikipedia.org. 2 Test their viewing experiences on different kinds of screens: Maria Elizabeth Grabe, Matthew Lombard, Robert D. Reich, et al., “The Role of Screen Size in Viewer Experiences of Media Content,” Visual Communication Quarterly 6 no. 2 (1999): 4–9. 3 Mobile phones … used for teaching: Nipan Maniar, Emily Bennett, Steve Hand, et al., “The Effect of Mobile Phone Screen Size on Video Based Learning,” Journal of Software 3 no. 4 (2008): 51–61.

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Bitcoin for the Befuddled
by Conrad Barski
Published 13 Nov 2014

If you don’t understand what a man-in-the-middle attack is, first, be aware that almost anything you do on the Internet is at risk of this assault, especially if you’re connecting from a public Internet connection you don’t fully control. Second, stop reading this chapter now and immediately read the Wikipedia page on this subject at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack. Appendix B: Bitcoin Programming with Bitcoinj 1. The C++ reference implementation is available at https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/. 2. BitcoinJ is available at http://bitcoinj.github.io/ 3. https://github.com/piotrnar/gocoin/ 4. https://github.com/conformal/btcd/ UPDATES Visit http://www.nostarch.com/bitcoin for updates, errata, and other information.

pages: 193 words: 31,998

Java: The Good Parts
by Jim Waldo

But here it might make sense to include references to the definitions of some of the more obscure batting or fielding statistics in the documentation for our Batter or Fielder interfaces. For example, we might want to change our documentation comment for the getOBP() method to something like: /** * Returns the on-base percentage for this hitter, * <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_base_percentage">defined</a> * as (hits + walks)/at-bats * @return the on-base percentage * @throws NotEnoughAtBatsException if the number of at-bats, walks, * and sacrifices is insufficient to establish a meaningful on-base * percentage */ which includes a link to the Wikipedia article that gives the definition of on-base percentage.

pages: 381 words: 78,467

100 Plus: How the Coming Age of Longevity Will Change Everything, From Careers and Relationships to Family And
by Sonia Arrison
Published 22 Aug 2011

Gurven, “Why Men Matter: Mating Patterns Drive Evolution of Human Lifespan,” PLoS ONE 2, no. 8 (2007): e785, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1949148/?tool=pubmed. 57 Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M Cook, “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks,” Annual Review of Sociology 27 (August 2001): 415–444. 58 Elizabeth Taylor was married eight times to seven husbands. For a complete listing, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor#Marriages. 59 Meredith Small, “The Perfect Family Is a Myth,” LiveScience, December 5, 2008, www.livescience.com/culture/081205-hn-family.html. 60 Lawrence M. Hinman, “Are Some Parents Too Old? Age Restrictions in Postmenopausal Pregnancies and Adoptions,” Paper published online, University of San Diego, http://ethics.sandiego.edu/LMH/Papers/Papers/Older_Pregnancies.html. 61 Nancy Recker, “In Praise of Older Parents,” Ohio State University, 2007, http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/pdf/Older_Parents.pdf. 62 Ronit Baras, “What Is the Right Age Gap for Siblings to Have Good Relationship?”

pages: 263 words: 75,610

Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age
by Viktor Mayer-Schönberger
Published 1 Jan 2009

Starbuck, “Unlearning Ineffective or Obsolete Technologies,” 725–37. 50. For a wonderful exposition of how reading is forgetting, see Bayard, How to Talk About Books You Haven’t Read, 55–57. 51. King, The Commissar Vanishes. 52. Orwell, 1984, 171–72. 53. See Wikipedia: Researching with Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Researching_with_Wikipedia; see also Doctorow, Scroogled. 54. Priedhorsky et al., “Creating, Destroying, and Restoring Value in Wikipedia.” 55. On the former, see Harris, Selling Hitler. A wonderful example of retouching photographs to alter the past can be found in King’s The Commissar Vanishes. 56.

pages: 239 words: 73,178

The Narcissist You Know
by Joseph Burgo

Keith Campbell, The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement (New York: Atria Books, 2009). 3. Ibid. 4. Brad J. Bushman and Roy F. Baumeister, “Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?” in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1998, vol. 75, no. 1), 219–229. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister_Peabody#cite_note-MPSStoryOver lay-1. 6. Drew Pinsky and S. Mark Young, The Mirror Effect: How Celebrity Narcissism Is Seducing America (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 15. 7. Jake Halpern, Fame Junkies: The Hidden Truths behind America’s Favorite Addiction (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2007). 8.

pages: 254 words: 72,929

The Age of the Infovore: Succeeding in the Information Economy
by Tyler Cowen
Published 25 May 2010

For an argument that characters in Jane Austen novels lie along the autistic spectrum, see Phyllis Ferguson Bottomer, So Odd a Mixture: Along the Autistic Spectrum in Pride and Prejudice (Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2007). On mail to Holmes and the popularity of the character, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/221B_Baker_Street. On the Sherlock Holmes societies, see Russell Miller, The Adventures of Arthur Conan Doyle (London: Harvill Secker, 2008), 4. For discussions of Holmes’s methods of reasoning, see Umberto Eco and Thomas A. Sebeok, eds., The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983).

pages: 366 words: 76,476

Dataclysm: Who We Are (When We Think No One's Looking)
by Christian Rudder
Published 8 Sep 2014

Even basic analysis shows Here and in all my own Twitter analysis I use the tweets and followers generated by a representative corpus of 1.2 million accounts, collected at random by my research team. The OEC is the canonical census More on the OEC and its most common words can be found here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English. The OEC lists only lemmas—that is, the base word root of a related lexical pattern. For example, it counts have for had, having, has, and so on. I chose not to do this in my Twitter research. Though my choice makes comparing the lists directly more difficult, I preferred to present the data in as raw a state as possible.

pages: 302 words: 74,878

A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life
by Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman
Published 6 Apr 2014

page_id=13, accessed October 18, 2014. The website poliotoday.org is created and maintained by Jonas Salk’s research organization, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. 4. This list of polio survivors comes from the compilation on Wikipedia, which contains source citations for each person listed: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_poliomyelitis_survivors, accessed October 18, 2014. 5. One account of the often-controversial development of the polio vaccine is here: www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/pharmaceuticals/preventing-and-treating-infectious-diseases/salk-and-sabin.aspx, accessed October 18, 2014. 6.

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Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be
by Diane Coyle
Published 11 Oct 2021

This encompasses a discussion about how we measure progress, picking up from Chapter Three’s discussion of social welfare and normative considerations, and the wedge between GDP and social welfare created by digital phenomena. The next chapter also introduces a new question: does the technology also force a rethink about the effectiveness of economic policies? What is the relationship between government and market in the digital world? 1. ‘Trojan Room Coffee Pot’, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Room_coffee_pot. 2. ‘Cogs and Monsters’, Bennett Institute for Public Policy, Cambridge University, https://www.bennettinstitute.cam.ac.uk/publications/cogs-and-monsters/. 4 Cogs and Monsters For anybody interested in public policy there is a fundamental question, all too rarely explicitly addressed: what does it mean for policy to make things better?

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Exoplanets: Hidden Worlds and the Quest for Extraterrestrial Life
by Donald Goldsmith
Published 9 Sep 2018

Slava Turyshev and Michael Shao, “Using the Sun as a Cosmic Telescope,” Scientific American “Observations” (blog), 29 May 2017, available at https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/using-the-sun-as-a-cosmic-telescope/#. 14. Proxima Calls: Can We Visit? 1. Information on the speed of the New Horizons spacecraft is available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons. 2. Phil Lubin interview, March 30, 2017. 3. “Private Mission May Get Us Back to Enceladus Sooner than NASA,” New Scientist, November 22, 2017, available at https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23631533-900-private-mission-may-get-us-back-to-enceladus-sooner-than-nasa/. 4.

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Company of One: Why Staying Small Is the Next Big Thing for Business
by Paul Jarvis
Published 1 Jan 2019

share=1&srid=hiM. 184for attention at any time: Des Traynor, “If It’s Important, Don’t Hack It,” Inside Intercom, February 12, 2013, https://blog.intercom.com/if-its-important-dont-hack-it/. 185 rate of repayment on Kiva is 97 percent: See the Kiva website at https://www.kiva.org/about (accessed October 13, 2017). 187 coining the term in 1916: “L. J. Hanifan,” Wikipedia, last modified June 2, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._J._Hanifan. 189 comes from the social capital of a business: Willy Bolander, Cinthia B. Satornino, Douglas E. Hughes, and Gerald R. Ferris, “Social Networks Within Sales Organizations: Their Development and Importance for Salesperson Performance,” American Marketing Association, 2015, https://www.ama.org/publications/JournalOfMarketing/Pages/social-networks-sales-salesperson-performance.aspx. 190 several courses and workshops on the subject: “Customer Relationship Strategies: The Key to Developing Long-Term Customer Relationships,” McGill University, School of Continuing Studies, accessed October 12, 2017, https://www.mcgill.ca/continuingstudies/programs-and-courses/business-and-management/courses-and-workshops/cementing. 191 bottom part of the pyramid: “The Social Brain and Its Superpowers: Matthew Lieberman, PhD, at TEDxStLouis,” filmed September 19, 2013, YouTube, posted October 7, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data
by Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Thomas Ramge
Published 27 Feb 2018

a transaction takes place that shouldn’t: There are numerous such cases; see, e.g., the discovery of an original Declaration of Independence hidden in a picture bought at a flea market (Eleanor Blau, “Declaration of Independence Sells for $2.4 Million,” New York Times, June 14, 1991, http://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/14/arts/declaration-of-independence-sells-for-2.4-million.html). German pharmaceuticals company, Grünenthal: Grünenthal was the first West German company to produce and sell penicillin after the occupying forces lifted their ban on the drug’s production in the country. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grünenthal_GmbH. By mid-November, he informed Grünenthal: http://www.contergan.grunenthal.info/thalidomid/Home_/Fakten_und _Historie/342300049.jsp?naviLocale=en_EN. the last British “thalidomide baby”: Nick McGrath, “My Thalidomide Family: Every Time I Went Home I Was a Stranger,” Guardian, August 1, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/01/thalidomide-louise-medus-a-stranger-when-i-went-home.

Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data
by Leslie Sikos
Published 10 Jul 2015

However, structured data extraction is challenging, because the template system changed over time on Wikipedia, resulting in the lack of uniformity, whereby the same attributes have different names, such as placeofbirth and birthplace. The unique resource identifiers of DBpedia are written as URI references of the form http://dbpedia.org/resource/Name, where Name is derived from the URL of the Wikipedia article of the form http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name. As a result, each resource is a direct mapping of a Wikipedia article. The DBpedia URI references of the form http://dbpedia.org/resource/Resource:Name are set up (through content negotiation, where the same content is served in a different format, depending on the query of the client) to return the machine-readable description in RDF when accessed by Semantic Web agents, and the same information in XHTML, when accessed by traditional web browsers (see Figure 3-2). 63 Chapter 3 ■ Linked Open Data Figure 3-2.

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Antisemitism: Here and Now
by Deborah E. Lipstadt
Published 29 Jan 2019

Daniel Sugarman, “Macron Speaks Out on Murder of French Jewish Woman,” Jewish Chronicle, July 17, 2017; James McAuley, “In France, Murder of a Jewish Woman Ignites Debate over the Word ‘Terrorism,’ ” Washington Post, July 23, 2017; “French Intellectuals Accuse Authorities of Covering Up Jewish Woman’s Slaying by Muslim Neighbor,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 9, 2017. 21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ilan_Halimi. 22. “Arab Teenagers Arrested in Beating of Jewish Boy outside Paris-Area Synagogue,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, March 1, 2018. 23. “Slain Holocaust Survivor’s Family: She’d Known Her Killer Since He Was a Boy,” Times of Israel, March 27, 2018; Bari Weiss, “Jews Are Being Murdered in Paris.

Hands-On Machine Learning With Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems
by Aurelien Geron
Published 14 Aug 2019

Solutions to these exercises are available in Appendix A. 1 Well, four dimensions if you count time, and a few more if you are a string theorist. 2 Watch a rotating tesseract projected into 3D space at https://homl.info/30. Image by Wikipedia user NerdBoy1392 (Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0). Reproduced from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract. 3 Fun fact: anyone you know is probably an extremist in at least one dimension (e.g., how much sugar they put in their coffee), if you consider enough dimensions. 4 “On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to Systems of Points in Space,” K. Pearson (1901). 5 Scikit-Learn uses the algorithm described in “Incremental Learning for Robust Visual Tracking,” D.

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Pivot: The Only Move That Matters Is Your Next One
by Jenny Blake
Published 14 Jul 2016

the average attention span: Statistic Brain Research Institute, “Attention Span Statistics,” last modified April 2, 2105, www.statisticbrain.com/attention-span-statistics/. Chapter 11: Flip Failure regret minimization framework: Zach Bulygo, “12 Business Lessons You Can Learn from Amazon Founder and CEO Jeff Bezos,” KISSmetrics Blog, January 19, 2013, blog.kissmetrics.com/lessons-from-jeff-bezos/. Post-it Notes: “Post-it note,” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-it_note. STAGE FIVE: LEAD Chapter 12: Are You Listening? You have done all this work: Eric Schmidt and Jonathan Rosenberg, How Google Works (New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2014). In an Inc. survey: Inc. staff, “How the Top CEOs Really Think (Infographic),” Inc. magazine, September 2014, www.inc.com/magazine/201409/inc.500-2014-inc-500-ceo-survey-results.html.

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Cultish: The Language of Fanaticism
by Amanda Montell
Published 14 Jun 2021

Chögyam Trungpa: Paul Wagner, “Chögyam Trungpa: Poetry, Crazy Wisdom, and Radical Shambhala,” Gaia, January 21, 2020, https://www.gaia.com/article/chogyam-trungpa-poetry-crazy-wisdom-and-radical-shambhala. Hubbard was obsessed with space fantasy: “Written Works of L. Ron Hubbard,” Wikipedia, August 17, 2020 copycat “cult leaders”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_works_of_L._Ron_Hubbard. you can look up portions of the Technical Dictionary online: Scientology Glossary: UVWXYZ, Scientology Critical Information Directory, https://www.xenu-directory.net/glossary/glossary_uvwxyz.htm. copycat “cult leaders”: Kenzie Bryant, “How NXIVM Used the Strange Power of Patents to Build Its ‘Sex Cult,’” Vanity Fair, June 27, 2018, https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2018/06/keith-raniere-nxivm-patents-luciferian; Gina Tron, “ESP, DOS, Proctors, and More: NXIVM Terminology, Explained,” Oxygen, August 27, 2020, https://www.oxygen.com/true-crime-buzz/what-does-nxivm-terminology-like-dos-esp-mean.

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The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail-But Some Don't
by Nate Silver
Published 31 Aug 2012

“KATRINA Graphics Archive,” National Hurricane Center, National Weather Service. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/KATRINA_graphics.shtml. 49. Gavin Schmidt, “Green and Armstrong’s Scientific Forecast,” RealClimate.org, July 20, 2007. http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/07/green-and-armstrongs-scientific-forecast/. 50. “Occam’s Razor;” Wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam’s_razor. 51. John Theodore Houghton, G. J. Jenkins, J. J. Ephraums, eds. Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/far/wg_I/ipcc_far_wg_I_full_report.pdf. 52. “1.6: The IPCC Assessments of Climate Change and Uncertainties” in Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 2007. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch1s1-6.html. 53.

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In practice, the model underestimates the error slightly—and therefore somewhat underestimates the chance of a cooling decade—because the exact amount of CO2 is an unknown, as well as because of any specification uncertainty in the model. 103. “Climatic Research Unit E-Mail Controversy;” Wikipedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_Research_Unit_email_controversy. 104. Henry Chu, “Panel Clears Researchers in ‘Climategate’ Controversy,” Los Angeles Times, April 15, 2010. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/15/world/la-fg-climate-data15-2010apr15. 105. Including those from satellite records processed by private companies. 106.

Migrant City: A New History of London
by Panikos Panayi
Published 4 Feb 2020

Zig Layton-Henry, ‘The Electoral Participation of Black and Asian Britons: Integration or Alienation’, Parliamentary Affairs, vol. 38 (1985), pp. 307–18; Martin Fitzgerald, Political Parties and Black People: Participation, Representation and Exploitation (London, 1984), pp. 70–86. 144. ‘London Election Results Map’, Evening Standard, 9 June 2017. 145. ‘List of ethnic minority politicians in the United Kingdom’, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_minority_politicians_in_the_United_Kingdom, accessed 11 September 2018. 146. Panayi, Immigration History, p. 273. London Strategic Policy Unit, Black Councillors in Britain (London, 1987), provides a full list of the hundreds of black and Asian councillors in London during the 1980s. 147.

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intPageID=22&intResourceID=90 Harden’s London Restaurants, https://www.hardens.com Island Lyrics, http://www.islandlyrics.com KPMG, Labour Migration in the Hospitality Sector: A KPMG Report for the British Hospitality Association (2017), https://www.bha.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/BHA-EU-migration-final-report-170518-public-vSTC.pdf Le Caprice, https://www.le-caprice.co.uk ‘List of Ethnic Minority Politicians in the United Kingdom’, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_minority_politicians_in_the_United_Kingdom London Assembly Members, https://www.london.gov.uk/people/assembly Rasa Restaurants, http://rasarestaurants.com Sports People’s Think Tank and Network Fare, ‘Ethnic Minorities and Coaching in Elite Level Football in England: A Call to Action’, 2014, http://thesptt.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/We-speak-with-one-voice-REPORT.pdf Striking Women, ‘The Grunwick Dispute’, http://www.striking-women.org/module/striking-out/grunwick-dispute Swadhinata Trust, https://www.swadhinata.org.uk ‘This is Your Life’, Jack Kid Berg, originally broadcast in 1987, https://www.youtube.com/watch?

Energy and Civilization: A History
by Vaclav Smil
Published 11 May 2017

Figure 3.10 Scenes of Egyptian farming activities from the eighteenth dynasty (New Kingdom) tomb of Unsou in East Thebes (Corbis). Figure 3.11 Small area of extensive longji (dragon’s back) rice terraces north of Guilin in Guangxi whose origins go back to Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longsheng_Rice_Terrace#/media. Figure 3.12 China’s population density in long-term perspective. A substantial expansion of cultivated area during the Qing dynasty was soon overwhelmed by the country’s continuing population growth. Density bars indicate the uncertainty of historical estimates.

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Min Jiang’s bed was cut at the river’s entrance to the plain at Guanxian, and the stream was then repeatedly subdivided through the building of rocky arrowheads in the midflow. Figure 3.11 Small area of extensive longji (dragon’s back) rice terraces north of Guilin in Guangxi whose origins go back to Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longsheng_Rice_Terrace#/media. Water was diverted into branch canals and its flow was regulated by dikes and dams. Baskets of woven bamboo filled with rocks were the main building ingredient. Dredging and dike repairs during low-water seasons have kept the irrigation system working for more than 2,000 years.

Four Battlegrounds
by Paul Scharre
Published 18 Jan 2023

, August 1, 2019, https://www.yahoo.com/now/fbi-documents-conspiracy-theories-terrorism-160000507.html. 143TikTok: Jay Greene, “TikTok Sale Deadline Will Pass, Though Regulators Will Hold Off on Enforcing Divestiture,” Washington Post, December 4, 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/12/04/tiktok-sale-deadline/. 143largest social media platforms are controlled by a handful of companies: Wikipedia, s.v. “List of social platforms with at least 100 million active users,” updated September 17, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_platforms_with_at_least_100_million_active_users. 143over half of adults get their news from Facebook: Elisa Shearer and Elizabeth Grieco, Americans Are Wary of the Role Social Media Sites Play in Delivering the News (Pew Research Center, October 2, 2019), https://www.journalism.org/2019/10/02/americans-are-wary-of-the-role-social-media-sites-play-in-delivering-the-news/. 144500 million tweets per day: “Twitter Usage Statistics,” Internet Live Stats, n.d., https://www.internetlivestats.com/twitter-statistics/. 144Facebook clocks four billion video views: “Facebook Video Statistics”, 99Firms, https://99firms.com/blog/facebook-video-statistics/. 144over a billion hours of video every day, and over 500 hours of new content: “YouTube for Press,” YouTube Official Blog, n.d., https://blog.youtube/press/. 144Twitter employs a “ranking algorithm”: “About Your Home Timeline on Twitter,” Twitter Help Center, n.d., https://help.twitter.com/en/using-twitter/twitter-timeline; @mjahr, “Never Miss Important Tweets from People You Follow,” Twitter Blog, February 10, 2016, https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/a/2016/never-miss-important-tweets-from-people-you-follow.html; Nicolas Koumchatzky and Anton Andryeyev, “Using Deep Learning at Scale in Twitter’s Timelines,” Twitter Blog, May 9, 2017, https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/insights/2017/using-deep-learning-at-scale-in-twitters-timelines.html; Nicholas Léonard and Cibele Montez Halasz, “Twitter Meets TensorFlow,” Twitter Blog, June 14, 2018, https://blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/insights/2018/twittertensorflow.html; Twitter Cortex (website), n.d., https://cortex.twitter.com/. 144Facebook’s News Feed algorithm: “How News Feed Works,” Facebook Help Center, 2021, https://www.facebook.com/help/1155510281178725. 144boost their content’s visibility: Katie Sehl, “How the Twitter Algorithm Works in 2020 and How to Make It Work for You,” Hootsuite Blog, May 20, 2020, https://blog.hootsuite.com/twitter-algorithm/; Paige Cooper, “How Does the YouTube Algorithm Work in 2021?

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Kania, Battlefield Singularity: Artificial Intelligence, Military Revolution, and China’s Future Military Power (Center for a New American Security, November 28, 2017), https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/battlefield-singularity-artificial-intelligence-military-revolution-and-chinas-future-military-power. 276higher rate of fire: Stephen Biddle, Military Power: Explaining Victory and Defeat in Modern Battle (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004), 29, https://www.amazon.com/Military-Power-Explaining-Victory-Defeat/dp/0691128022. 277Battle of the Somme: Wikipedia, s.v. “First Day on the Somme,” updated September 12, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme. 277military tactics had finally adapted: Biddle, Military Power, 33–35. 277swarming: John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt, Swarming and the Future of Conflict (RAND Corporation, 2000), https://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/DB311.html; Sean J. A. Edwards, Swarming on the Battlefield: Past, Present, and Future (RAND Corporation, 2000), https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1100.html; Sean J.

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Doing Good Better: How Effective Altruism Can Help You Make a Difference
by William MacAskill
Published 27 Jul 2015

“The Japanese Red Cross Society”: “Japan and Pacific: Earthquake and Tsunami,” International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, information bulletin no. 2, March 12, 2011, p. 1. it only raised $500 million in international aid: The various sources of international aid are listed at “Reactions to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2008_Sichuan_earthquake. For every death the Japanese earthquake caused: As mentioned in the text, $5 billion was raised for the Japanese earthquake, which caused fifteen thousand deaths. $5 billion ÷ 15,000 $330,000. for every person who dies from poverty-related causes worldwide: According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, globally, $135 billion was spent on foreign aid in 2013 (Claire Provost, “Foreign Aid Reaches Record High,” The Guardian, April 8, 2014).

pages: 300 words: 84,762

Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases
by Paul A. Offit
Published 1 Jan 2007

Discovery of gold in South Africa: "Three Georges Strike Paydirt," http:// www.joburg.org.za/facts/georges.stm; "Joburg's Hidden History," http:// www.goldreefcity.co.za/theme_park/joburgs_hidden_history.asp; "Johannesburg: History," http://www.southafrica-travel.net/north/a1johb01.htm. Krüger: "Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger," http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/President_Kruger. Pneumococcal pneumonia in gold miners: Austrian, Pneumococcus. Robert Koch: D. S. Burke, "Of Postulates and Peccadilloes: Robert Koch and Vaccine (Tuberculin) Therapy for Tuberculosis," Vaccine 11 (1993): 795–804; "Robert Koch," http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/robert_koch. htm; "Robert Koch: Biography," Nobelprize.org, http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1905/koch-bio.html.

pages: 325 words: 85,599

Professional Node.js: Building Javascript Based Scalable Software
by Pedro Teixeira
Published 30 Sep 2012

A function written in continuation-passing style takes as an extra argument an explicit “continuation,” that is, a function of one argument. When the CPS function has computed its result value, it “returns” it by calling the continuation function with this value as the argument. Wikipedia — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style This is a style in which a function invokes a callback after the operation is complete so that your program can continue. As you will see, JavaScript lends itself to this type of programming. Here is an example in Node that involves loading a file into memory: var fs = require('fs'); fs.readFile('/etc/passwd', function(err, fileContent) { if (err) { throw err; } console.log('file content', fileContent.toString()); }); Here, you are passing an anonymous inline function as the second argument of the fs.readFile function, and you’re making use of the CPS, because you are continuing the execution of the program inside that function.

pages: 291 words: 81,703

Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation
by Tyler Cowen
Published 11 Sep 2013

Reis, and Susan Sprecher, “Online Dating: A Critical Analysis from the Perspective of Psychological Science,” Psychological Science in the Public Interest, January 2012, 13(1): 3–66. For the tale of Cambry, see David Gelles, “Inside Match.com,” Financial Times, July 29, 2011; this source also has the information on conservatives and liberals and the New Jersey anecdote. For cognitive biases, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases. For the pointer about experimental economics I am indebted to Amihai Glazer. In addition to Ken Regan, for another look at using computers to measure the quality of human play, see Matej Guid, “Search and Knowledge for Human and Machine Problem Solving,” doctoral dissertation, University of Ljubljana, 2010, http://eprints.fri.uni-lj.si/1113/1/Matej__Guid.disertacija.pdf.

pages: 207 words: 86,639

The New Economics: A Bigger Picture
by David Boyle and Andrew Simms
Published 14 Jun 2009

Imagine is an energizing and enjoyable UK adaptation of an American approach called Appreciative Inquiry, pioneered by Imagine Chicago, which helped draw people into planning a different future for their city. nef has used Imagine in a range of sectors, including recent work for the Four Squares Housing Estate in Bermondsey, Ryedale District Council’s community strategy, Watford and Three Rivers Primary Care Trust, and a range of other organizations, services and towns. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appreciative_Inquiry APPENDICES 177 Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) is an indicator that aims to compensate for the inadequacies of GDP as a measure of national progress. It is an economic measure, which adjusts our overall economic welfare (as measured in terms of spending), by taking into account social and environmental costs, as well as forgotten social benefits such as the core economy.

pages: 294 words: 82,438

Simple Rules: How to Thrive in a Complex World
by Donald Sull and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt
Published 20 Apr 2015

. [>] At present there are: A partial list of journals focused on complex systems include Complexity, Journal of Complexity, Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Engineering, Complex Systems, International Journal of Computational Complexity and Intelligent Algorithms, Emergence: Complexity & Organization, Chaos and Complexity Letters, International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, Journal of Complex Networks, Computational Complexity, and Journal on Policy and Complex Systems. For a partial list of research centers on complex systems see Wikipedia entry on complex systems, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_systems, accessed June 30, 2014. [>] Kathy had just: Shona L. Brown and Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1998). [>] We wrote up: Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Donald Sull, “Strategy as Simple Rules,” Harvard Business Review, January 2001, 107–16. [>] Simple rules allow: A 2005 study in Nature found that Wikipedia articles on scientific topics were nearly as accurate as those found in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.

pages: 261 words: 86,905

How to Speak Money: What the Money People Say--And What It Really Means
by John Lanchester
Published 5 Oct 2014

_r=0. 65Originally published in the Economic Journal in 1965, the article is available at www.apec.umn.edu/grad/jdiaz/A%20theory%20of%20Allocation%20of%20Time%20-%20Becker.pdf. 66Marshall Jevons, The Fatal Equilibrium (New York: Random House, 1985), pp. 102–3. 67See boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm. 68See this riveting piece, “Prince Alwaleed and the Curious Case of Kingdom Holding Stock,” at www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/03/05/prince-alwaleed-and-the-curious-case-of-kingdom-holding-stock/. 69See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_sector_composition. 70Ben Bernanke, at http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20131108a.htm. 71Milton Friedman, ”The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times, 13 September 1970. 72Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976), pp. 26–27. 73There’s a list of current government spreads at markets.ft.com/RESEARCH/markets/Government-Bond-Spreads. 74See www.theguardian.com/money/2013/apr/03/student-loan-debt-america-by-the-numbers. 75The original 1981 article founding tournament theory is available at www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1830810?

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Exponential Organizations: Why New Organizations Are Ten Times Better, Faster, and Cheaper Than Yours (And What to Do About It)
by Salim Ismail and Yuri van Geest
Published 17 Oct 2014

Optimism bias: Tendency to be over-optimistic, overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes. Planning fallacy bias: Tendency to overestimate benefits and underestimate costs and task-completion times. Sunk-cost or loss-aversion bias: Disutility of giving up an object is greater than the utility associated with acquiring it. Complete list of all cognitive biases: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases Jacobstein is fond of pointing out that your neocortex has not had a major upgrade in 50,000 years. It is the size, shape and thickness of a dinner napkin. “What if,” he asks, “it was the size of a table cloth? Or California?” There is an interesting difference of opinion over how much data should be used based on the nature of the market in which the organization operates.

The Ages of Globalization
by Jeffrey D. Sachs
Published 2 Jun 2020

This is roughly a two-year doubling time over forty-six years, or twenty-three doublings. Moore’s law is shown in figure 8.1, illustrated by the development of Intel’s microprocessors. 8.1 Moore’s Law in Action: Transistor Count on Intel Chips, 1971–2016 Source: Wikipedia contributors;Transistor count Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transistor_count&oldid=923570554. Computer capacities soared, and so too did connectivity. The development of fiber-optic cables enabled a vast increase in the speed, accuracy, and scale of data transmission. Microwave transmission enabled a revolution in wireless connectivity, so that mobile devices could connect to the Internet.

pages: 253 words: 84,238

A Thousand Brains: A New Theory of Intelligence
by Jeff Hawkins
Published 15 Nov 2021

Illustration Credits Bill Fehr / stock.adobe.com Adapted from “Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex,” by Daniel J. Felleman and David C. Van Essen, 1991, Cerebral Cortex, 1(1):1. Santiago Ramón y Cajal Edward H. Adelson Bryan Derksen, reprinted with permission under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:GNU_Free_Documentation_License.

pages: 334 words: 82,041

How Did We Get Into This Mess?: Politics, Equality, Nature
by George Monbiot
Published 14 Apr 2016

Highland Spring 1James Hunter et al., July 2013, 432:50: Towards a Comprehensive Land Reform Agenda for Scotland, House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee, parliament.uk. 2Simon Johnson, 30 November 2014, ‘“Future bleak” for Grouse Shooting and Deer Stalking’, telegraph.co.uk. 3Andy Wightman, 26 November 2014, ‘Land Reform; The Wait Is Over’ andywightman.com. 4Defra has tried to pass this off as payments for ‘moorland farmers’, but all owners of grazed or managed moorlands, of which grouse moors are a major component, are eligible: see ‘CAP Boost for Moorland’, 25 April 2014, gov.uk. 5Rajeev Syal, 22 April 2014, ‘David Cameron Blasted over Shotgun Licence Fees Veto’, theguardian.com. 6This assumes that a house in Blackburn valued at £69,000 in 1991 would cost around £200,000 today; see Blackburn with Daren Council, ‘Council Tax Charges for 2015–16’, blackburn.gov.uk; see also Ian Jack, 29 March 2014, ‘Why Do We Pay More Tax than Oligarch in Knightsbridge Palaces?’, theguardian.com. 7George Monbiot, 3 March 2014, ‘The Benefits Claimants the Government Loves’, monbiot.com. 8Defra, 31 August 2011, by email. 9‘Feudal Aid’, en.wikipedia.org. 10Land Reform Review, 24 May 2014, Final Report, gov.scot. 11George Monbiot, 31 October 2011, ‘Wealth Destroyers’, monbiot.com. 12Larry Elliot, 22 September 2014, ‘Charge Capital Gains Tax on Main Residences, Says Property Expert’, theguardian.com. 13Lucy Warick-Ching, 19 February 2010, ‘Investors Drawn to Farmland’, ft.com. 14The Scottish Government, 26 November 2014, One Scotland: Programme for Government 2014–15, gov.scot. 15Andy Wightman, 1 August 2014, ‘Rethink Required on Ten-Year Land Registration Goal’, andywightman.com. 16The Scottish Government, One Scotland. 17Defra, January 2011, UK Response to the Commission Communication and Consultation, webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk. 18Compare figures in Defra, 29 May 2014, Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2013, gov.uk, with Defra, 9 July 2012, Agriculture in the United Kingdom 2011, gov.uk. 19George Monbiot, 21 January 2013, ‘I Agree with Churchill: Let’s Get Stuck into the Real Shirkers’, theguardian.com. 20Andy Wightman, 4 November 2014, ‘Listen up, Griff Rhys Jones, the Mansion Tax Is the Soft Option’, theguardian.com. 21The Land Reform Review Group, 23 May 2014, The Land of Scotland and the Common Good, gov.scot. 22George Monbiot, 19 May 2014, ‘I’d Vote Yes to Rid Scotland of Its Feudal Landowners’, theguardian.com. 23‘Abolition of Feudal Tenure etc.

pages: 287 words: 81,014

The Charisma Myth: How Anyone Can Master the Art and Science of Personal Magnetism
by Olivia Fox Cabane
Published 1 Mar 2012

Imes, “The Imposter Phenomenon in High Achieving Women: Dynamics and Therapeutic Intervention,” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 15, no. 3 (1978): 241–47. 4. Overcoming the Obstacles 1. David Rock, Your Brain at Work (New York: HarperBusiness, 2009). 2. D. J. Simons and C. F. Chabris, “Gorillas in Our Midst: Sustained Inattentional Blindness for Dynamic Events,” Perception 28, no. 9 (1999): 1059–74, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier. 3. James J. Gross, “Emotion Regulation: Affective, Cognitive, and Social Consequences,” Psychophysiology 39, no. 3 (May 2002): 281–89. 4. Ibid., 289. 5. T. J. Kaptchuk, E. Friedlander, J. M. Kelley, et al., “Placebos without Deception: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Irritable Bowel Syndrome” (2010), http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015591. 6.

pages: 327 words: 84,627

The Green New Deal: Why the Fossil Fuel Civilization Will Collapse by 2028, and the Bold Economic Plan to Save Life on Earth
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 9 Sep 2019

Malik, “Wind and Solar Costs Keep Falling, Squeezing Nuke, Coal Plants,” Bloomberg Quint, November 8, 2018, https://www.bloombergquint.com/technology/wind-and-solar-costs-keep-falling-squeezing-nuke-coal-plants (accessed March 12, 2019). 17. “Cost of Electricity by Source,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source#Levelized_cost_of_electricity (accessed April 5, 2019). 18. Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis—Version 12.0, 2018, https://www.lazard.com/media/450784/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-version-120-vfinal.pdf (accessed March 12, 2019). 19. Carbon Tracker Initiative, “Fossil Fuels Will Peak in the 2020s as Renewables Supply All Growth in Energy Demand,” news release, September 11, 2018, https://www.carbontracker.org/fossil-fuels-will-peak-in-the-2020s-as-renewables-supply-all-growth-in-energy-demand/ (accessed February 5, 2019). 20.

pages: 438 words: 84,256

The Great Demographic Reversal: Ageing Societies, Waning Inequality, and an Inflation Revival
by Charles Goodhart and Manoj Pradhan
Published 8 Aug 2020

But the narrative seemed less compelling then. 5Owing to lags in the transmission mechanism between policy measures and their effect on wage/price inflation, unforeseen deviations between (official) forecasts of unemployment and inflation and actual, ex post, inflation might help to identify the underlying structural relationship. 6While this does seem to hold for the wage/unemployment version of the Phillips curve, attempts to resurrect the price/output gap formulation of this relationship have been rather less successful. What has caused this divergence, e.g. time varying profit mark-ups, is beyond the scope of this work. 7From Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_army_of_labour,Although the idea of the industrial reserve army of labour is closely associated with Marx, it was already in circulation in the British labour movement by the 1830s. Engels discussed the reserve army of labour before Marx did in Engels famous book (2018), The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845).

pages: 265 words: 79,747

Happier at Home: Kiss More, Jump More, Abandon Self-Control, and My Other Experiments in Everyday Life
by Gretchen Rubin
Published 3 Sep 2012

I mentioned this to Dan E when I saw him Tues night (our annual tri-kidlit party) and sent him the link, because I thought it would make a great basis for a YA series. Enough history is known to make it seem “real” and rooted in actual reality, but huge scope for imagination (as Anne of Green Gables would say). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries Apparently he agrees! I don’t have the chops to write this, but YOU DO!!!! Any interest? I do think it is a very rich idea. The Wikipedia entry doesn’t do justice to the crazy Eleusis stuff (e.g., the name of the town Eleusis means “arrival”—how thrilling is that?).

pages: 291 words: 80,068

Framers: Human Advantage in an Age of Technology and Turmoil
by Kenneth Cukier , Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Francis de Véricourt
Published 10 May 2021

Britain’s pathetic Covid response: “Britain Has the Wrong Government for the Covid Crisis,” Economist, June 18, 2020, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/06/18/britain-has-the-wrong-government-for-the-covid-crisis. Britain’s Covid performance in June: “Coronavirus: UK Daily Deaths Drop to Pre-lockdown Level,” BBC News, June 8, 2020, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52968160. UK data on deaths and cases: “COVID-19 Pandemic Data in the United Kingdom,” Wikipedia, accessed October 30, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases_chart. Neil Armstrong’s “small step”: Robbie Gonzalez, “Read the New York Times’ 1969 Account of the Apollo 11 Moon Landing,” Gizmodo, August 25, 2012, https://io9.gizmodo.com/277292567?jwsource=cl. On the New York Times’s retraction of its 1920 article: Bjorn Carey, “New York Times to NASA: You’re Right, Rockets DO Work in Space,” Popular Science, July 20, 2009, https://www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-07/new-york-times-nasa-youre-right-rockets-do-work-space/.

Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks
by Keith Houston
Published 23 Sep 2013

Barney, “Common Shorthand Signs [De notis vulgaribus], in The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 51. 52.Paul Saenger, “Tironian Notes,” in Space Between Words: The Origins of Silent Reading (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997), 115–19. 53.Russon, et al, “History and Development of Shorthand (shorthand).” 54.Bernhard Bischoff and University of Cambridge, “Latin Script in Antiquity,” in Latin Paleography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 80–82. 55.Theodore Rosendorf, “Blackletter,” in The Typographic Desk Reference (New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 2009), 100. 56.G.Reuveni, “From Reading Books to Consumption of Books and Back Again,” in Reading Germany: Literature and Consumer Culture in Germany Before 1933, Berghahn Series (Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books, 2006), 206. 57.“Ampersand,” Urban Dictionary, http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=ampersand [last accessed July 3, 2011]; H.A. Long, “Birth Names,” in Personal and Family Names (London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1883), 98. 58.“Ampersand,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampersand [last accessed July 23, 2012]; J.B. Shank, William L. Hosch, Marco Sampaolo, et al, “André-Marie Ampère (French physicist),” Encyclopaedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/21416/Andre-Marie-Ampere [last accessed July 23, 2012]. 59.E.S. Sheldon, “Studies and notes,” in Further Notes on the Names of the Letters, volume II (Boston: Ginn & Company, 1893), 158. 60.J.S.

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More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places (Updated and Expanded)
by Michael J. Mauboussin
Published 1 Jan 2006

Examples include the crawl swim stroke (which only became widespread within the past 200 years), overhand free-throw shots in basketball, and the Fosbury flop for high jumpers. 5 “Moore’s law is the empirical observation that at our rate of technological development, the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost will double in about 24 months” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_Law). 6 Juan Enriquez, As the Future Catches You (New York: Crown Business, 2000), 62-65. 7 See http://nickciske.com/tools/binary.php. 19. Pruned for Performance 1 Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), 150-51. 2 Alison Gopnik, Andrew Meltzoff, and Patricia Kuhl, The Scientist in the Crib: What Early Learning Tells Us About the Mind (New York: First Perennial, 2001), 186-87. 3 Joseph LeDoux, Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are (New York: Viking, 2002), 79-81. 4 Robert Aunger, The Electric Meme: A New Theory of How We Think (New York: Free Press, 2002), 185. 5 Barbara Clancy and Barbara Finlay, “Neural Correlates of Early Language Learning,” in Language Development: The Essential Readings, ed.

pages: 933 words: 205,691

Hadoop: The Definitive Guide
by Tom White
Published 29 May 2009

Thanks to its ZooKeeper underpinnings, Hedwig is a highly available service and guarantees message delivery even if subscribers are offline for extended periods of time. BookKeeper is a ZooKeeper subproject, and you can find more information on how to use it, and Hedwig, at http://zookeeper.apache.org/bookkeeper/. * * * [136] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_Distributed_Computing. [137] For more detail, see the excellent article “Dealing with InterruptedException” by Brian Goetz. [138] Another way of writing the code would be to have a single catch block, just for KeeperException, and a test to see whether its code has the value KeeperException.Code.SESSIONEXPIRED.

…

If the jobtracker dashboard shows “spilled records” greatly exceeding “map output records,” try bumping up the io.sort.record.percent: PIG_OPTS="-Dio.sort.record.percent=0.25 -Dio.sort.mb=350" pig my_file.pig [154] The largest outlier that comes to mind is the famous “Magic Roundabout” in Swindon, England, with degree 10, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Roundabout_%28Swindon%29. [155] Deepak Singh, open data advocate and bizdev manager of the Amazon AWS cloud. [156] Current versions of Pig get confused on self-joins, so just load the table with differently named relations as shown here. [157] See http://www.slideshare.net/ydn/3-xxl-graphalgohadoopsummit2010—Sergei Vassilvitskii (@vsergei) and Jake Hofman (@jakehofman) of Yahoo!

pages: 406 words: 88,820

Television disrupted: the transition from network to networked TV
by Shelly Palmer
Published 14 Apr 2006

. ©1998-2005. <http://imagesoftheworld.org/stamps/ph-cross-letter.htm> TV Turnoff Network. “Facts and Figures About Our TV Habit.” TV Turnoff Network. Real Vision 2004. <http://www.tvturnoff.org/factsheets.htm> Wikipedia. “Suspension of disbelief.” Wkipedia Encyclopedia. 18 December 2005. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief> Van der Bergh, Stefan. “Trompe L’Oeil.” Planet Perplex. ©2005. http://www.planetperplex.com/en/trompe_l_oeil.html Copyright © 2006, Shelly Palmer. All rights reserved. 13-Television.Glossary v2.qxd 3/20/06 7:29 AM Page 225 Y u ou can find more complete listings of industry statistics and the most up-to-date information about the media and technology industries at www.televisiondisrupted.com Copyright © 2006, Shelly Palmer.

pages: 297 words: 89,820

The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture, and Coolness
by Steven Levy
Published 23 Oct 2006

My researcher Jodi Mardesch interviewed Voida. 37 Jennifer Hartstein: "iPod Guilty Pleasures," Don Fernandez, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, September 10, 2004. 38 "Kenworld": John Schwartz, "To Know Me, Know My iPod," The New York Times, November 28,2004. Origin 43 Personal Jukebox: In addition to my interviews with Wobber and Redell, information about the PJB was drawn from the Wikipedia entry (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PJB) and Andrew Birrells PowerPoint presentation of the Personal Jukebox team (www.birrell.org/Andrew/talks/ pjb-overview.ppt). 51 I felt like a dope: From Brent Schlender, "How Big Can Apple Get?" Fortune, February 21,2005. 52 Audion and Soundjam: A good account of Audions history by its cofounder Cabel Sasser is posted at http://panic.com/extras/audionstory.

pages: 250 words: 88,762

The Logic of Life: The Rational Economics of an Irrational World
by Tim Harford
Published 1 Jan 2008

Sachs and various colleagues: See especially John Luke Gallup, Jeffrey Sachs, and Andrew Mellinger, “Geography and Economic Development,” NBER Working Paper 6849, December 1998. Around 1900, life expectancy: Matthew Kahn brought this to my attention (interview, November 2006). See also Michael Haines, “The Urban Mortality Transition in the United States,” NBER Historical Paper 134, July 2001. “by evill examples into extravagence”: Wikipedia, “Pilgrims,” en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pilgrims#Decision_to_leave. The Beauchamp Committee: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson, “The Colonial Origins of Economic Development: An Empirical Investigation,” American Economic Review 91, no. 5(December 2001): 1369–1401. As luck would have it: James Feyrer and Bruce Sacerdote, “Colonialism and Modern Income: Islands as Natural Experiments,” NBER Working Paper 12546, October 2006, www.nber.org/papers/w12546.

pages: 366 words: 87,916

Fluent Forever: How to Learn Any Language Fast and Never Forget It
by Gabriel Wyner
Published 4 Aug 2014

Whenever possible, stick to names of people and places—they don’t violate our no-English rule—but if an errant English word or two like last Christmas creeps in, the language police probably won’t catch you. Just don’t make it a habit. GENDER (IF NECESSARY): If you’re not sure whether your language uses gender, check Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_type_of_grammatical_gender). If it does, open your grammar book, find the introductory discussion on gender, and read it. You’ll learn how many genders there are and whether your language has any predictable patterns (perhaps nearly all feminine words end in a). You’ll also discover whether there’s a standard way to indicate the gender of each word.

pages: 722 words: 90,903

Practical Vim: Edit Text at the Speed of Thought
by Drew Neil
Published 6 Oct 2012

Not only are they easy to execute from inside Vim, but their output is parsed and used to populate the quickfix list. These commands are covered in greater depth in both Chapter 17, Compile Code and Navigate Errors with the Quickfix List, and Chapter 18, Search Project-Wide with grep, vimgrep, and Others. Footnotes [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter [8] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/11/bill_joys_greatest_gift/ Copyright © 2012, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Part 2 Files In this part of the book, we’ll learn how to work with files and buffers. Vim lets us work on multiple files in a single editing session.

pages: 329 words: 95,309

Digital Bank: Strategies for Launching or Becoming a Digital Bank
by Chris Skinner
Published 27 Aug 2013

[15] Apple launched the iTunes app store on July 11th 2008 with 500 apps. A year later, there were 55,000 apps and over a billion downloads. In an announcement in June 2011, Apple said they had reached over 14 billion downloads with 425,000 apps and then, by 2013, the store had surpassed 40 billion app downloads with a library of over 800,000 apps. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Store [16] “With 250 Million Downloads Angry Birds Moves Into Magic, Cookbooks, And More”, Techcrunch, June 2011 http://tcrn.ch/kR2GJY [17] As of summer 2013, Google dominated the smartphone mobile market with 900 million users, while Apple has 600 million iOS, and Microsoft a far third place with an estimated 12 million Windows Phones sold.

pages: 372 words: 89,876

The Connected Company
by Dave Gray and Thomas Vander Wal
Published 2 Dec 2014

CITY POPULATION “City populations are growing much faster than rural populations” from US Census Bureau, http://www.elderweb.com/node/2836. POPULATION PROJECTIONS “Fifty percent of the world’s population today lives on two percent of the Earth’s crust. In 1950, that number was 30%, and by 2050 it is expected to be 70%.” Projection by the United Nations, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Percentage_of_World_Population_Urban_Rural.PNG. URBAN WORKERS Urban workers make, on average, 23% more than rural workers.… “Explaining the Gap in Pay Between Rural and Urban Work,” The Daily Yonder, March 3, 2008, http://www.dailyyonder.com/explaining-gap-pay-between-rural-and-urban-work.

pages: 291 words: 90,200

Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age
by Manuel Castells
Published 19 Aug 2012

For the sake of clarity, I have limited the data presented in the figure to the two main parties, Conservatives and Socialists, and to Podemos. It shows how in just 11 months of its existence, Podemos overtook both parties in terms of voting intentions. The detailed data and the methodology used to synthesize the data can be found in the Wikipedia study: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_Spanish_general_election,_2015. The assignment of seats in the future parliament did not correspond proportionally to the percentage of votes, because of the usual bias in favor of traditional parties resulting from the design of the electoral districts. However, Podemos largely overtook the Socialist Party and came very close to the Conservatives: according to polls in December 2014, Conservatives were projected to obtain 115–118 seats, against Podemos 101–104 and Socialists 77–80.

pages: 345 words: 92,849

Equal Is Unfair: America's Misguided Fight Against Income Inequality
by Don Watkins and Yaron Brook
Published 28 Mar 2016

Cited in Diana Hsieh, Responsibility & Luck: A Defense of Praise and Blame (Self-published, 2013), chapter 3, part 3. 35. Hsieh, Responsibility & Luck: A Defense of Praise and Blame, chapter 1, part 5. 36. “The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville,” Wikipedia, last modified March 12, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Superinvestors_of_Graham-and-Doddsville (accessed May 28, 2015). 37. Larry S. Temkin, “Egalitarianism Defended,” Ethics, Vol. 113, No. 4, July 2003, http://www.mit.edu/~shaslang/mprg/TemkinED.pdf (accessed May 28, 2015). 38. Jim Collins and Morten T. Hansen, Great by Choice (New York: Harper Business, 2011), p. 2. 39.

pages: 309 words: 92,177

The Ghost
by Robert Harris
Published 22 Oct 2007

I worked my way through the first of what Google promised would eventually prove to be thirty-seven thousand entries about Emmett and Arcadia: Arcadia Institution -Roundtable on Middle East Policy The establishment of democracy in Syria and Iran…Paul Emmett in his opening address stated his belief…www.arcadiainstitution.org/site/roundtable/A56fL%2004.htm - 35k - Cached - Similar pages Arcadia Institution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Arcadia Institution is an Anglo-American nonprofit organization founded in 1991 under the presidency of Professor Paul Emmett… en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia Institution - 35k - Cached - Similar pages Arcadia Institution/Arcadia Strategy Group - Source Watch The Arcadia Institution describes itself as dedicated to fostering…Professor Paul Emmett, an expert in Anglo-American… www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Arcadia Institution - 39k - Cached - Similar pages USATODAY.com - 5 Questions for Paul Emmett Paul Emmett, former professor of foreign relations at Harvard, now heads the influential Arcadia Institution… www.usatoday.com/world/2002-08-07/questions x.htm?

Upstream: The Quest to Solve Problems Before They Happen
by Dan Heath
Published 3 Mar 2020

It was the era of the Cold War: Nuclear fallout shelters: Robert Klara, “Nuclear Fallout Shelters Were Never Going to Work,” History, October 16, 2017, updated September 1, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/nuclear-fallout-shelters-were-never-going-to-work; biological warfare: Joshua Lederberg, “The Infamous Black Death May Return to Haunt Us,” Washington Post, August 31, 1968, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/lederberg/pdf/bbabtv.pdf; Cuban Missile Crisis: “Cuban Missile Crisis,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis; duck and cover in schools: Sarah Pruitt, “How ‘Duck-and-Cover’ Drills Channeled America’s Cold War Anxiety,” March 26, 2019, https://www.history.com/news/duck-cover-drills-cold-war-arms-race. The Andromeda Strain: Michael Crichton, The Andromeda Strain (New York: Centesis Corporation, 1969).

Learn Algorithmic Trading
by Sebastien Donadio
Published 7 Nov 2019

The Communication API will set the rules of communication at the software level. The Communication API is given by the entity that you would like to trade with. This document contains all the messages that you will use to receive prices and send orders. You can find examples of trading API documents at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_electronic_trading_protocols. Before diving into the trading API, we will need to explain the basics of networking. Network basics The network is in charge of making the computers communicate with each other. Networks need a physical layer to share information. Choosing the correct media (communication layer) is critical for the network to reach a given speed or reliability, or even security.

pages: 307 words: 88,180

AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order
by Kai-Fu Lee
Published 14 Sep 2018

I cannot wait to return to their embrace, an embrace that sustains me and has taught me so much. This should be my last book for a while. Then again, I’ve told them that seven times before—hopefully they’ll still buy it. NOTES 1. CHINA’S SPUTNIK MOMENT atoms in the known universe: “Go and Mathematics,” in Wikipedia, s.v., “Legal Positions,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_and_mathematics#Legal_positions. 280 million Chinese viewers: Cade Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human,” Wired, May 19, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/. issued an ambitious plan: Paul Mozur, “Beijing Wants A.I. to Be Made in China by 2030,” New York Times, July 20, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/china-artificial-intelligence.html.

pages: 343 words: 91,080

Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work
by Alex Rosenblat
Published 22 Oct 2018

(panel presentation, Continuing Legal Education for the Pennsylvania Bar Institute, November 28, 2017); Training Assocs. Corp. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 101 A.3d 1225, 2014 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 501 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2014). 21. Thanks to Lisa Conrad for this insight, in an email, August 3, 2017. See, e.g., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_the_Other_Half_Lives. 22. Outside of Salt Lake City, the majority religion of Utah is Mormonism. See, e.g., Matt Canham, “Salt Lake County Is Becoming Less Mormon—Utah County Is Headed in the Other Direction,” Salt Lake Tribune, July 16, 2017, http://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?

pages: 374 words: 94,508

Infonomics: How to Monetize, Manage, and Measure Information as an Asset for Competitive Advantage
by Douglas B. Laney
Published 4 Sep 2017

I hope you are inspired by them. 2 “Boosting Demand in the ‘Experience Economy’,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2015 Issue, https://hbr.org/2015/01/boosting-demand-in-the-experience-economy. 3 “Our Retail Divisions,” Walmart News Archives, http://corporate.walmart.com/_news_/news-archive/2005/01/07/our-retail-divisions. 4 Sarah Perez, “In Battle with Amazon, Walmart Unveils Polaris, a Semantic Search Engine for Products,” TechCrunch, 30 August 2012, https://techcrunch.com/2012/08/30/in-battle-with-amazon-walmart-unveils-polaris-a-semantic-search-engine-for-products/. 5 “List of House Episodes,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_House_episodes. 6 Zak Stambor, “Wal-Mart Factors Popularity into Site Search Results,” Internet Retailer, 30 August 2012, www.internetretailer.com/2012/08/30/wal-mart-factors-popularity-site-search-results. 7 Stacey Vanek Smith, “Data Is the Economy’s New Oil,” Marketplace Podcast, 01 May 2013, www.marketplace.org/2013/05/01/tech/data-economys-new-oil. 8 Alex Samuely, “Rite Aid Exec: Quick App Technology, Data Offer Predictive Capabilities,” Mobile Marketer, 20 January 2016, www.mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/database-crm/22092.html. 9 Matthew Boyle, “Kroger’s Secret Weapon,” Fortune, 27 November 2007, http://archive.fortune.com/2007/11/21/magazines/fortune/boyle_datamining.fortune/index.htm. 10 Gary Hawkins, “Will Big Data Kill All but the Biggest Retailers?

pages: 321 words: 92,828

Late Bloomers: The Power of Patience in a World Obsessed With Early Achievement
by Rich Karlgaard
Published 15 Apr 2019

Sternberg, “Conceptions of Giftedness,” in Handbook of Giftedness in Children (Boston: Springer, 2008); and Scott Barry Kaufman et al., “Are Cognitive G and Academic Achievement G One and the Same G? An Exploration on the Woodcock-Johnson and Kaufman Tests,” Intelligence 40, no. 2 (2012): 123–38. CHAPTER 1: OUR EARLY BLOOMER OBSESSION Pop-neuroscience writer Jonah Lehrer: The facts about Lehrer can be found in an extraordinarily long entry in Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonah_Lehrer. Quiet author Susan Cain: Cain coined the term “Extrovert Ideal” in Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking (New York: Broadway Books, 2013). In more ways than one, Cain’s work on introverts inspired this book. wunderkind literally means “wonder child”: Originally a German word, wunderkind first appeared in English in 1883.

pages: 692 words: 95,244

Speaking JavaScript: An In-Depth Guide for Programmers
by Axel Rauschmayer
Published 25 Feb 2014

They are explained elsewhere: new (see Layer 3: Constructors—Factories for Instances) Invoke a constructor—for example, new Point(3, 5) delete (see Deleting properties) Delete a property—for example, delete obj.prop in (see Iteration and Detection of Properties) Check whether an object has a given property—for example, 'prop' in obj * * * [8] Strictly speaking, setting an array element is a special case of setting a property. [9] Thanks to Brandon Benvie (@benvie), who told me about using void for IIFEs. [10] Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookmarklet [11] Thanks to Tom Schuster (@evilpies) for pointing me to the source code of the first JavaScript engine. Chapter 10. Booleans The primitive boolean type comprises the values true and false: > typeof false 'boolean' > typeof true 'boolean' Converting to Boolean Values are converted to booleans as follows: Value Converted to boolean undefined false null false A boolean Same as input (nothing to convert) A number 0, NaN → false other numbers → true A string '' → false other strings → true An object true (always!)

pages: 326 words: 88,968

The Science and Technology of Growing Young: An Insider's Guide to the Breakthroughs That Will Dramatically Extend Our Lifespan . . . And What You Can Do Right Now
by Sergey Young
Published 23 Aug 2021

On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. In a letter to Francis Baily,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 115 (1825), https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1825.0026; Wikipedia, “Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality,” Wikipedia Foundation, last modified February 12, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompertz%E2%80%93Makeham_law_of_mortality. 3Meera Viswanathan et al., “Interventions to Improve Adherence to Self-administered Medications for Chronic Diseases in the United States,” Annals of Internal Medicine 157, no. 11 (2012), https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-11-201212040-00538. 4Andrew I.

pages: 317 words: 89,825

No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention
by Reed Hastings and Erin Meyer
Published 7 Sep 2020

“The World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies of 2018.” Fast Company. February 20, 2018. www.fastcompany.com/most-innovative-companies/2018. Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, et al. The Wisdom of the Sands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. “Vitality Curve.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, November 5, 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitality_curve. Chapter 10: Bring It All to the World! Meyer, Erin. The Culture Map: Breaking through the Invisible Boundaries of Global Business. New York: PublicAffairs, 2014. To view the culture maps presented in this chapter as well as to create your own corporate culture maps, go to: www.erinmeyer.com/tools.

pages: 345 words: 87,534

Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters
by Abigail Shrier
Published 28 Jun 2020

See Helena, “How Mental Illness Becomes Identity: Tumblr, a Callout Post, Part 2,” 4thWaveNow, March 20, 2019, https://4thwavenow.com/2019/03/20/tumblr-a-call-out-post/ . 15 . This is documented in the wonderful blog post cited above, Helena, “How Mental Illness Becomes Identity: Tumblr, a Callout Post, Part 2.” 16 . Wikipedia, s.v. “Facetune,” last edited November 26, 2019, 12:00, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facetune#Criticism . 17 . “A New Reality for Beauty Standards: How Selfies and Filters Affect Body Image,” EurekAlert!, Boston Medical Center, August 2, 2018, https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/bmc-anr080118.php . 18 . Twenge, “Teens Have Less Face Time with Their Friends.” 19 .

pages: 328 words: 90,677

Ludicrous: The Unvarnished Story of Tesla Motors
by Edward Niedermeyer
Published 14 Sep 2019

Business Insider, November 11, 2014. https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-the-origin-story-2014-10 Chapter 3 33“We had no idea what we were doing,” Elon Musk told the crowd: Darren Bryant. “Elon Musk recounts Tesla’s history at 2016 shareholders meeting.” YouTube video, January 10, 2017. https://youtu.be/AKfiKvbqbQw 34hundreds of automakers had gone bankrupt: “List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the United States.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wikiList_of_defunct_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States 35“Tesla will build high-performance electric sports cars”: Drake Baer. “The Making of Tesla: Invention, Betrayal, and the Birth of the Roadster.” Business Insider, November 11, 2014. https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-the-origin-story-2014-10 37To Eberhard and Tarpenning, who, in their initial feasibility study: Ashlee Vance.

The Unknowers: How Strategic Ignorance Rules the World
by Linsey McGoey
Published 14 Sep 2019

Journal of Education Policy 31(4): 365–388. See also G. Evans, 2018. ‘The unwelcome revival of “race science”’ (The Guardian, March 2). 2 Seeing ignorance differently 1 Anahad O’Connor, 2015. ‘Coca-Cola funds scientists who shift blame for obesity away from bad diets’ (The New York Times, August 19). 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns. 3 Gillian Tett, Fool’s Gold (London: Abacus, 2010). 4 Quoted in Michael Lewis, The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2011), 263. These paragraphs draw on L. McGoey, 2012. ‘The power of ignorance and the problem of abundance’ (Open Democracy, July 5).

pages: 263 words: 92,618

Going Infinite: The Rise and Fall of a New Tycoon
by Michael Lewis
Published 2 Oct 2023

ALSO BY MICHAEL LEWIS The Premonition The Fifth Risk The Undoing Project Flash Boys Boomerang The Big Short Home Game The Blind Side Coach Moneyball Next The New New Thing Losers Pacific Rift The Money Culture Liar’s Poker EDITED BY MICHAEL LEWIS Panic AUDIBLE ORIGINALS Playing to Win The Coming Storm Copyright © 2023 by Michael Lewis All rights reserved First Edition Page 15: Excerpt from “Met Gala,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Met_Gala. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). Page 18: Noto-Emoji is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1 available at https://scripts.sil.org/OFL. For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, W.

pages: 306 words: 88,545

Been There, Done That: A Rousing History of Sex
by Rachel Feltman
Published 14 May 2022

George Murray Levick, “Unpublished Notes on the Sexual Habits of the Adélie Penguin,” Research Gate, October 2012, www.researchgate.net/publication/259425517_Dr_George_Murray_Levick_1876-1956_Unpublished_notes_on_the_sexual_habits_of_the_Adelie_penguin. 12. Dinitia Smith, “Love That Dare Not Squeak Its Name,” New York Times, February 7, 2004, www.nytimes.com/2004/02/07/arts/love-that-dare-not-squeak-its-name.html. 13. “Cockchafer,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockchafer. 14. Marco Riccucci, “Same-Sex Sexual Behaviour in Bats,” Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4404/Hystrix-22.1-4478. 15. V. Wai-Ping and M. B. Fenton, “Nonselective Mating in Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus),” Journal of Mammalogy 69, no. 3 (1988): 641–645, https://doi.org/10.2307/1381364. 16.

pages: 376 words: 91,192

Hemingway Didn't Say That: The Truth Behind Familiar Quotations
by Garson O'Toole
Published 1 Apr 2017

“Aerosmith–Amazing,” YouTube video, 6:50, copyright 1994, posted by “AerosmithVEVO,” December 24, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmOvYzSeaQ. Quote is sung at 02:04. 15. Kevin Bernhardt, The Peaceful Warrior (screenplay), 2006, http://www.veryabc.cn/movie/uploads/script/PeacefulWarrior.txt. 16. Wikipedia, s.v. “Snowclone,” last modified July 2, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowclone. These days a computer’s memory is tens of thousands of times larger than 640 kilobytes. The 640K limitation was once a real headache for programmers and users. The above quote is notorious among computer enthusiasts and is typically dated to 1981, to the early days of personal computing, but Bill Gates has denied that he ever said it.

Practical Vim, Second Edition (for Stefano Alcazi)
by Drew Neil

In practice, I most commonly use this technique to execute one or more :substitute commands if I find myself using them again and again. I’ll often discard the batch.vim file after use, but I might put it under source control if I think it could be useful in the future. Footnotes [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter [8] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/11/bill_joys_greatest_gift/ Copyright © 2016, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Part 2 Files In this part of the book, we’ll learn how to work with files and buffers. Vim lets us work on multiple files in a single editing session.

Practical Vim
by Drew Neil

In practice, I most commonly use this technique to execute one or more :substitute commands if I find myself using them again and again. I’ll often discard the batch.vim file after use, but I might put it under source control if I think it could be useful in the future. Footnotes [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprinter [8] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/11/bill_joys_greatest_gift/ Copyright © 2017, The Pragmatic Bookshelf. Part 2 Files In this part of the book, we’ll learn how to work with files and buffers. Vim lets us work on multiple files in a single editing session.

pages: 320 words: 90,115

The Warhol Economy
by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett
Published 15 Jan 2020

Much of this chapter’s discussion on Abstract Expressionists is derived from Perl’s book unless otherwise noted. Also see Crane 1989 for an historical account of the places and people responsible for shaping and influencing New York’s art world. 18. Perl 2005. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid. 24. Taken from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_factory. 25. For more information on the Beats, please see Charters 1992; Campbell 2001; Watson 1998; Threads 2003. 26. Rantisi 2004. 27. Ibid. 28. Ibid. 29. Ibid. 30. See Taylor 2006 for a complete discussion of New York City’s 1970s– 1980s downtown art scene. 31. Currid 2006a. 32.

pages: 798 words: 240,182

The Transhumanist Reader
by Max More and Natasha Vita-More
Published 4 Mar 2013

Notes 1 Transhumanism – often abbreviated as H + or h+, is an international intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanist (accessed October 5, 2011). 2 “Engineering Transcendence” is a blog covering spirituality. This blog was not received enthusiastically by most transhumanists, but it was by some transhumanists and spiritually minded individuals. 3 The term “New Atheism” is the name given to a movement among some early twenty-first-century atheist writers who have advocated the view that “religion should not simply be tolerated but should be countered, criticized, and exposed by rational argument wherever its influence arises” (Hooper 2006).

…

New Atheists argue that recent scientific advances require a negative bias or attitude about religion and spirituality. The movement is most often associated with Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens, and Victor J. Stenger.> References Clarke, Arthur C. and Baxter, Stephen (2000) The Light of Other Days. New York: Tor. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Light_of_Other_Days (accessed October 5, 2011). Dawkins, Richard (2006) The God Delusion. New York: Houghton Mifflin. http://books.google.com/books/about/The_God_Delusion.html?id=yq1xDpicghkC (accessed October 5, 2011). Geraci, Robert (2010) Apocalyptic AI: Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality.

pages: 400 words: 94,847

Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science
by Michael Nielsen
Published 2 Oct 2011

Writing an encyclopedia involves many tasks beyond editing the articles, and that additional complexity is reflected in Wikipedia’s structure. Perhaps the simplest example is that every Wikipedia article has an associated “Talk” page. If you don’t know what a Wikipedia Talk page is, start up your web browser, and load Wikipedia’s “Geology” article (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology). At the top of the page, you’ll notice a tab labeled “Discussion.” Click on the tab, and you’ll be taken to the Talk page for the “Geology” article. That’s where discussion about the article goes on among Wikipedia editors: discussion of shortcomings in the article, discussion of how the article can be improved, and even discussion of whether the article should exist in the first place.

pages: 309 words: 65,118

Ruby by example: concepts and code
by Kevin C. Baird
Published 1 Jun 2007

/usr/bin/env ruby # els_parser.rb require 'palindrome2.rb' # I want all Strings to have the private letters_only # method from this file. class String =begin rdoc This provides a public method to access the private letters_only method we required from palindrome2.rb. =end def just_letters(case_matters) letters_only(case_matters) end end =begin rdoc A text-processing parser that does ASCII-only Equidistant Letter Sequence analyses similar to that described at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidistant_letter_sequencing For my example, I use Moby Dick taken from Project Gutenberg, http://www.gutenberg.org. =end class ELS_Parser 162 C h ap te r 9 DEFAULT_SEARCH_PARAMS = { :start_pt => 4500, :end_pt => nil, # assumes the end of the String to search when nil :min_skip => 126995, :max_skip => 127005, :term => 'ssirhan', } def initialize(filename, search_params=nil) @contents = prepare(filename) @filename = filename reset_params(search_params || DEFAULT_SEARCH_PARAMS) end def reset_params(search_params) @search_params = search_params @search_params[:end_pt] ||= (@contents.size-1) # ||= for :end_pt allows nil for 'end of file' return self # return self so we can chain methods end $DEBUG =begin rdoc Performs an ELS analysis on the <i>filename</i> argument, searching for the term argument, falling back to the default.

pages: 382 words: 100,127

The Road to Somewhere: The Populist Revolt and the Future of Politics
by David Goodhart
Published 7 Jan 2017

‘The death of the Saturday job: the decline in earning and learning amongst young people in the UK’, UK Commission for Employment and Skills, 16 June 2015, https://gov.uk/government/publications/the-death-of-the-saturday-job-the-decline-in-earning-and-learning-amongst-young-people-in-the-uk. 11.http://www.trainingzone.co.uk/deliver/training/a-history-of-apprenticeships-pt2 12.‘List of UK universities by date of foundation’, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation; ‘Higher education providers’, Higher Education Statistics Agency, https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/providers; Haroon Chowdry et. al., ‘Widening Participation in Higher Education: Analysis using Linked Administrative Data, IFS Working Paper W10/04, Institute for Fiscal Studies, May 2010, https://www.ifs.org.uk/wps/wp1004.pdf; ‘Students in Higher Education 2014/15’, Higher Education Statistics Agency, 11 February 2016, https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/publications/students-2014–15; and ‘Finances’, Higher Education Statistics Agency, https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/providers/finances 13.Conversation with the author. 14.The boot is on the other foot.

pages: 372 words: 101,174

How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed
by Ray Kurzweil
Published 13 Nov 2012

There is controversy as to whether or not she would have shared in that prize had she been alive in 1962. 7. Albert Einstein, “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” (1905). This paper established the special theory of relativity. See Robert Bruce Lindsay and Henry Margenau, Foundations of Physics (Woodbridge, CT: Ox Bow Press, 1981), 330. 8. “Crookes radiometer,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crookes_radiometer. 9. Note that some of the momentum of the photons is transferred to the air molecules in the bulb (since it is not a perfect vacuum) and then transferred from the heated air molecules to the vane. 10. Albert Einstein, “Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?”

pages: 386 words: 91,913

The Elements of Power: Gadgets, Guns, and the Struggle for a Sustainable Future in the Rare Metal Age
by David S. Abraham
Published 27 Oct 2015

Valerie Bailey Grasso, “Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, 2013, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41744.pdf. 5 Trading Networks 1. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, “Strategy to Secure Rare Metal,” 2009, Tokyo. 2. In Russian, “Doveryai no Proveryai.” Wikipedia, “Trust, but Verify,” last modified March 25, 2014, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust,_but_verify. 3. Michael Rapaport, telephone interview by David Abraham, January 7, 2014. 4. The London Metal Exchange recently listed cobalt and molybdenum on the exchange, but the performance has been mixed. 5. Chad Bray, “Regulator Fines Barclays Over the Pricing of Gold,” New York Times, May 23, 2014, http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/05/23/barclays-fined-43-9-million-in-setting-price-of-gold/?

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Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked
by Adam L. Alter
Published 15 Feb 2017

Classification: LCC HM851 .A437 2017 (print) | LCC HM851 (ebook) | DDC 302.23/1—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043481 Graphs and charts by the author. Credits for images Here: www.redditblog.com/2015/04/the-button.html; here: Monica Wadhwa and JeeHye Christine Kim, Psychological Science (Volume 26, Issue 6). Page DS5. 06/01/2015. Reprinted by Permission of SAGE Publications, Inc.; here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_or_Not; here and here: Courtesy of Ben Grosser, bengrosser.com/projects/facebook-demetricator/. Version_2 For Sara and Sam CONTENTS Also by Adam Alter Title Page Copyright Dedication Prologue: Never Get High on Your Own Supply PART 1 WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL ADDICTION AND WHERE DID IT COME FROM?

pages: 367 words: 97,136

Beyond Diversification: What Every Investor Needs to Know About Asset Allocation
by Sebastien Page
Published 4 Nov 2020

For example, in “Factor Investing and Asset Allocation: A Business Cycle Perspective” (2016), we show that adding sector, regional, and currency effects improves the CAPM’s fit to month-to-month data. 2. See, for example, Fama and French (1992 and 2012) and Asness, Moskowitz, and Pedersen (2013). 3. For a recent review of the literature on momentum, see Dhankar and Maheshwari (2016). 4. A quick overview of the massive literature on the subject is available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-volatility_anomaly. 5. Page 102 provides references. 6. See Beck et al. (2016) and Harvey, Liu, and Zhu (2016). 7. See McQueen and Thorley (1999). 8. My son Charlie is 11, and he’s a Marvel fan, so I’m “forced” to sit through comic book movies with him. At least, that’s my excuse. 13 Stocks Versus Bonds and Something About Precision Weapons Utility theory is meant to represent someone’s tolerance for risk.

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The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism
by Ruth Kinna
Published 31 Jul 2019

Tucker (London: William Reeves, 1969 [1898]), p. 264. 93 Midnight Notes, vol. 1, Strange Victories: The Anti-Nuclear Movement in the US and Europe (Brooklyn, NY and Jamaica Plain, MA, 1979), online at http://www.midnightnotes.org/mnpublic.html [last access 5 May 2018]. CHAPTER 5: PROSPECTS 1 See the lists maintained on the Anarchist Portal, online at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Anarchism. 2 David Porter, ‘Revolutionary Realization: The Motivational Energy’, in Howard J. Ehrlich et al., Reinventing Anarchy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), pp. 214, 217. 3 Emma Goldman, ‘Was My Life Worth Living?’, Harper’s Monthly Magazine, vol. CLXX (December 1934), online at http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/goldman/pdfs/PublishedEssaysandPamphlets_WasMyLifeWorthLiving.pdf [last access 2 June 2018]. 4 Chicago Anarcho-Feminists, ‘An Anarcho-Feminist Manifesto’, in Dark Star Collective (ed.), Quiet Rumors, 3rd edition (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2012), pp. 15–17. 5 Abdullah Öcalan, Manifesto for a Democratic Civilization (Norway: New Compass, 2015), p. 62. 6 The Project of a Democratic Syria, https://peaceinkurdistancampaign.com/resources/rojava/the-project-of-a-democratic-syria/ [last access 17 May 2018]. 7 James C.

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Messing With the Enemy: Surviving in a Social Media World of Hackers, Terrorists, Russians, and Fake News
by Clint Watts
Published 28 May 2018

,” The Washington Post (April 23, 2013). https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/04/23/syrian-hackers-claim-ap-hack-that-tipped-stock-market-by-136-billion-is-it-terrorism/?utm_term=.0cb10e61e8fc; James Temperton, “FBI Adds Syrian Electronic Army Hackers to Most Wanted List,” Wired (March 23, 2016). http://www.wired.co.uk/article/syrian-electronic-army-fbi-most-wanted. 4. For a short summary of the “Turing Test”, Wikipedia does a good breakdown. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_test. 5. Phil Howard, “Computational Propaganda: The Impact of Algorithms and Automation on Public Life,” Presentation available at: https://prezi.com/b_vewutjwzut/computational-propaganda/?webgl=0. 6. Caitlin Dewey, “One in Four Debate Tweets Comes from a Bot. Here’s How to Spot Them,” The Washington Post (October 19, 2016). https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/10/19/one-in-four-debate-tweets-comes-from-a-bot-heres-how-to-spot-them. 7.

pages: 350 words: 98,077

Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans
by Melanie Mitchell
Published 14 Oct 2019

Thompson, “What Is I.B.M.’s Watson?,” New York Times Magazine, June 16, 2010. 4. Quoted in K. Johnson, “How ‘Star Trek’ Inspired Amazon’s Alexa,” Venture Beat, June 7, 2017, venturebeat.com/2017/06/07/how-star-trek-inspired-amazons-alexa. 5. Wikipedia, s.v. “Watson (computer),” accessed Dec. 16, 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer). 6. Thompson, “What Is I.B.M.’s Watson?” 7. A meme made popular on the television show The Simpsons. 8. K. Jennings, “The Go Champion, the Grandmaster, and Me,” Slate, March 15, 2016, www.slate.com/articles/technology/technology/2016/03/google_s_alphago_defeated_go_champion_lee_sedol_ken_jennings_explains_what.html. 9.

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The Cultural Logic of Computation
by David Golumbia
Published 31 Mar 2009

It is difﬁcult enough simply to identify languages in terms appropriate for computers; see Constable and Simons (2000) for a metadata proposal that shows how far the computer environment is from being truly multilingual. (Still, today, most computers cannot effectively process the majority of the world’s 6,000 languages). 14. See, for example, the Wikipedia entry on embedded systems: http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Embedded_system. Chapter 6 Computation, Globalization, and Cultural Striation 1. “Racialist” is used here in distinction to “racist”; “racialist” refers to “a belief in the existence and signiﬁcance of racial categories, but not necessarily in a hierarchy between the races, or in any political or ideological position of racial Notes to Pages 161–219 p 232 supremacy” (Wikipedia, “Racialism,” accessed 12/22/2008).

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The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium
by Martin Gurri
Published 13 Nov 2018

[63] Fromer, “Generation Aleph.” [64] Herb Keinon, “Trajtenberg Oversees First Meeting of ‘Rothschild Team,’” Jerusalem Post, August 9, 2011, http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Trajtenberg-oversees-first-meeting-of-Rothschild-Team. [65] Image by Rafimich,Wikipedia Commons, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Daphne_Leef_ %D7%93%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A3.jpg. [66] David Graeber, “Occupy Wall Street’s Anarchist Roots,” Al Jazeera in English, November 30, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112872835904508.html; Nathan Schneider, “Thank You, Anarchists,” The Nation, December 19, 2011, http://www.thenation.com/article/165240/ thank-you-anarchists# ; “Translating Anarchy: Interview with Mark Bray, OWS Organizer and Author of the New Book Translating Anarchy: The Anarchism of Occupy Wall Street,” OccupyWallStreet, September 12, 2013, http://occupywallst.org/article/translating-anarchy-occupy-wall-street/

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Being You: A New Science of Consciousness
by Anil Seth
Published 29 Aug 2021

* The familiar but completely wrong idea that humans have only five senses can be traced back to Aristotle’s De Anima – ‘On the Soul’ – written around 350 BC. † The origin of this phrase can be traced to a seminar given in the 1990s by Ramesh Jain. I have tried to trace it back further, but without success. ‡ You can find a colour image of The Dress here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress. What do you see? § When knowledge fails to affect perception, we call that perception ‘cognitively impenetrable’. ¶ Figures 6 and 7 from Teufel, C., Dakin, S. C. & Fletcher, P. C. (2018), ‘Prior object-knowledge sharpens properties of early visual feature detectors’, Scientific Reports, 8:10853.

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Ghost Road: Beyond the Driverless Car
by Anthony M. Townsend
Published 15 Jun 2020

mediaId=447. 30how we spend the time . . . has shifted: Chen Song and Chao Wei, “Travel Time Use over Five Decades,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 116 (October 2018): 73–96. 30Audi’s concept car of the future: Chris Paukert, “Audi’s Long Distance Lounge Hypes a Smarter Autonomous Future,” Roadshow, CNET, June 14, 2017, https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/audi-long-distance-lounge-au tonomous-concept-exclusive-hands-on-video/. 30self-driving vehicles could free up 250 million hours: Roger Lanctot,Accelerating the Future: The Economic Impact of the Emerging Passenger Economy (Strategy Analytics, June 2017), 6, https://newsroom.intel.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2017/05/passenger-economy.pdf. 30$150 billion in the US alone: Securing America’s Future Energy, America’s Workforce and the Self-Driving Future: Realizing Productivity Gains and Spurring Economic Growth, June 2018, 22, https://avworkforce.secureenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SAFE_AV_Policy_Brief.pdf. 31asked how they expect to spend their saved time: Eva Fraedrich et al., User Perspectives on Autonomous Driving: A Use-Case-Driven Study in Germany (Berlin, Germany: DLR Institute of Transport Research, 2016), 13; Chris Tennant et al., Executive Summary, Autonomous Vehicles—Negotiating a Place on the Road (London, UK: London School of Economics, 2016), 1–10. 31“Why do all of these interior designs”: Alanis King, “Autonomous Cars Aren’t Even Here Yet and I’m Already Bored with Them,” Jalopnik, September 11, 2017, https://jalopnik.com/autonomous-cars-arent-even-here-yet-and-im-already-bore-1803756153. 31Audi has recruited Disney: Reese Counts, “We Try Audi and Disney’s New In-Car Entertainment System on the Track,” Autoblog, January 9, 2019, https://www.autoblog.com/2019/01/09/audi-disney-holoride-car-vr-entertainment/. 31Kia built a concept car: Laura Bliss, “The ‘Driverless Experience’ Looks Awfully Distracting,” CityLab, January 11, 2019, https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2019/01/self-driving-car-technology-consumer-electronics-show/580027/. 31bigger . . . than the entire auto industry today: Lanctot, Accelerating the Future, 5. 31serve up precision-targeted media: Joann Muller, “One Big Thing: What Your Car Will Know about You,” Axios, May 10, 2019, https://www.axios.com/newsletters/axios-autonomous-vehicles-7b382e7a-e9f1-466b-9c7b-33e4aadc03f4.html; sensors. . . uniquely identify your heartbeat: “Goode Intelligence Forecasts That Biometrics Market for the Connected Car Will Be Just under $1bn by 2023,” Goode Intelligence, November 13, 2017, https://www.goodeintelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Goode-Intelligence-Biometrics-for-the-Connected-Car_Nov17_-news_release-13112017.pdf. 32GM already tracks: Jamie LaReau, “GM Tracked Radio Listening Habits for 3 Months: Here’s Why,” Detroit Free Press, October 1, 2018, https://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/general-motors/2018/10/01/gm-radio-listening-habits-advertising/1424294002/. 32“We know how long they’ve lived”: Phoebe Wall Howard, “Data Could Be What Ford Sells Next as It Looks for New Revenue,” Detroit Free Press, November 13, 2018, https://www.freep.com/story/money/cars/2018/11/13/ford-motor-credit-data-new-revenue/1967077002/. 33odds of a crash instantly double: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Overview of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Driver Distraction Program, DOT HS 811 299, April 2010, https://www.nhtsa. gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/811299.pdf. 33road crashes in the US declined: Wikipedia, s.v. “Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate in U.S. by Year,” accessed April 10, 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_fatality_rate_in_U.S._by_year. 33deaths from distracted driving: Fernando A. Wilson and Jim P. Stimpson, “Trends in Fatalities from Distracted Driving in the United States, 1999 to 2008,” American Journal of Public Health 100, no. 11 (2010): 2213–19, http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.187179. 33400,000 injuries were blamed on distracted driving: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2016 Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Overview, Traffic Safety Facts Research Note, DOT HS 812 456, October 2017, https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812456. 33four times more likely to be in a crash: World Health Organization, Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction (Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Publications, 2011), 3. 33strict laws restricting the use of mobile devices: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Distracted Driving Global Fact Sheet,” accessed January 31, 2019, https://usdotblog.typepad.com/files/6983_distracteddrivingfs_5-17_v2.pdf. 34360-degree field of view: Waymo, Waymo 360° Experience: A Fully Self-Driving Journey, February 2018, YouTube video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?

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MegaThreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them
by Nouriel Roubini
Published 17 Oct 2022

I was unable to find this article.>> [[This unpublished article was shared with Nouriel]] 44. “The Return of the Machinery Question,” The Economist, June 25, 2016, https://www.economist.com/special-report/2016/06/23/the-return-of-the-machinery-question. 45. “List of Countries by Income Inequality,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality. 46. Daniel Susskind, A World without Work (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2020), Kindle edition, p. 138, location 2608. 47. Yusuke Hinata, “China’s Media Stars Caught in Harsh Spotlight of Inequality Drive,” Nikkei Asia, September 2, 2021, https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Media-Entertainment/China-s-media-stars-caught-in-harsh-spotlight-of-inequality-drive. 48.

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The Elements of Choice: Why the Way We Decide Matters
by Eric J. Johnson
Published 12 Oct 2021

“Gambling with the House Money and Trying to Break Even—The Effects of Prior Outcomes on Risky Choice.” Management Science 36, no. 6 (June 1990): 643–60. Thaler, Richard H., and Cass R. Sunstein. Nudge. Penguin Books, 2009. “300-Page iPhone Bill.” Wikipedia, December 20, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300-page_iPhone_bill. “2016 Election Forecast.” FiveThirtyEight.com. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2016-election-forecast/. “2019 National Survey of Organ Donation Attitudes and Practices: Report of Findings.” Health Resources and Services Administration, February 2020. https://www.organdonor.gov/about-dot/grants/research-reports.

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Mapmatics: How We Navigate the World Through Numbers
by Paulina Rowinska
Published 5 Jun 2024

Here: Kühn, Stefan, ‘Mercator Projection Map with Tissot’s Indicatrices’, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tissot_mercator.png, accessed 25 August 2023, CC BY-SA 3.0. Here: Strebe, Daniel R., ‘Part of the World on Craig Retroazimuthal Projection. 15° Graticule, Central Meridian 39°49'E, center latitude 21°25'N (Mecca)’, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Craig_projection_SW.jpg, accessed 25 August 2023, CC BY-SA 3.0. Here: Richardson, L. F., ‘The Problem of Contiguity: An Appendix to Statistics of Deadly Quarrels’, General System Yearbook 6 (1961), pp. 139–87. Here: ‘Underground Electric Railways of London Co. Ltd’ © TfL, from the London Transport Museum collection, ‘Pocket Underground map issued by UERL’ (1908), accessed 20 November 2023.

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The Alternative: How to Build a Just Economy
by Nick Romeo
Published 15 Jan 2024

Zeiss, “Annual Report of the ZEISS Group 2020/21,” https://www.zeiss.com/corporate/annual-report/home.html. 29. Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Annual Report 2019, https://www.novonordisk.com/content/dam/nncorp/global/en/investors/irmaterial/annual_report/2020/Novo-Nordisk-Annual-Report-2019.pdf. 30. Wikipedia, “Novo Nordisk,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_Nordisk#cite_note-2. Chapter 8: A Tale of Two Cities 1. Reflow, “Participatory Budget: Engaging Citizens in the Allocation of Public Funds,” accessed December 26, 2022, https://reflowproject.eu/best-practices/participatory-budget-engaging-citizens-in-the-allocation-of-public-funds/. 2.

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The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
by Steven Pinker
Published 24 Sep 2012

The committee also noted that “if all the victims of oppression were presented to our view in one congregated mass, with all the train of wives, children, and friends, involved in the same ruin, they would exhibit a spectacle at which humanity would shudder.”88 Debt bondage was abolished by almost every American state between 1820 and 1840, and by most European governments in the 1860s and 1870s. FIGURE 4–6. Time line for the abolition of slavery Source: The most comprehensive list of abolitions I have found is “Abolition of slavery timeline,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_slavery_timeline, retrieved Aug. 18, 2009. Included are all entries from “Modern Timeline” that mention formal abolition of slavery in a political jurisdiction. The history of our treatment of debtors, Payne notes, illustrates the mysterious process in which violence has declined in every sphere of life.

…

In the two centuries after Gutenberg, publishing became a high-tech venture, and productivity in printing and papermaking grew more than twentyfold (figure 4–8), faster than the growth rate of the entire British economy during the Industrial Revolution.130 FIGURE 4–8. Efficiency in book production in England, 1470–1860s Source: Graph from Clark, 2007a, p. 253. FIGURE 4–9. Number of books in English published per decade, 1475–1800 Sources: Simons, 2001; graph adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File1477-1799_ESTC_titles_per_decade,_statistics.png:. The newly efficient publishing technology set off an explosion in book publication. Figure 4–9 shows that the number of books published per year rose significantly in the 17th century and shot up toward the end of the 18th. The books, moreover, were not just playthings for aristocrats and intellectuals.

…

Human rights truly are the birthright of all human beings.”230 FIGURE 7–23. Time line for the decriminalization of homosexuality, United States and world Sources: Ottosson, 2006, 2009. Dates for an additional seven countries (Timor-Leste, Surinam, Chad, Belarus, Fiji, Nepal, and Nicaragua) were obtained from “LBGT Rights by Country or Territory,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights. Dates for an additional thirty-six countries that currently allow homosexuality are not listed in either source. The same graph shows that the decriminalization of homosexuality began later in the United States. As late as 1969, homosexuality was illegal in every state but Illinois, and municipal police would often relieve their boredom on a slow night by raiding a gay hangout and dispersing or arresting the patrons, sometimes with the help of billy clubs.

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Programming Collective Intelligence
by Toby Segaran
Published 17 Dec 2008

There are many other functions such as the Jaccard coefficient or Manhattan distance that you can use as your similarity function, as long as they have the same signature and return a float where a higher value means more similar. You can read about other metrics for comparing items at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_%28mathematics%29#Examples. Ranking the Critics Now that you have functions for comparing two people, you can create a function that scores everyone against a given person and finds the closest matches. In this case, I'm interested in learning which movie critics have tastes simliar to mine so that I know whose advice I should take when deciding on a movie.

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R Cookbook
by Paul Teetor
Published 28 Mar 2011

This can be useful for exploring a page, but it’s annoying if you want just one specific table. In that case, use which=n to select the desired table. You’ll get only the nth table. The following example, which is taken from the help page for readHTMLTable, loads all tables from the Wikipedia page entitled “World population”: > library(XML) > url <- 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population' > tbls <- readHTMLTable(url) As it turns out, that page contains 17 tables: > length(tbls) [1] 17 In this example we care only about the third table (which lists the largest populations by country), so we specify which=3: > tbl <- readHTMLTable(url, which=3) In that table, columns 2 and 3 contain the country name and population, respectively: > tbl[,c(2,3)] Country / Territory Population 1 Â People's Republic of China[44] 1,338,460,000 2 Â India 1,182,800,000 3 Â United States 309,659,000 4 Â Indonesia 231,369,500 5 Â Brazil 193,152,000 6 Â Pakistan 169,928,500 7 Â Bangladesh 162,221,000 8 Â Nigeria 154,729,000 9 Â Russia 141,927,297 10 Â Japan 127,530,000 11 Â Mexico 107,550,697 12 Â Philippines 92,226,600 13 Â Vietnam 85,789,573 14 Â Germany 81,882,342 15 Â Ethiopia 79,221,000 16 Â Egypt 78,459,000 Right away, we can see problems with the data: the country names have some funky Unicode character stuck to the front.

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Predictive Analytics: The Power to Predict Who Will Click, Buy, Lie, or Die
by Eric Siegel
Published 19 Feb 2013

Foldit: Zoran Popovic, “Massive Multiplayer Games to Solve Complex Scientific Problems,” TED2013 @ Vancouver. http://talentsearch.ted.com/video/Zoran-Popovic-Massive-multiplay. “Check Out Exactly What Competitive Protein Folding Is All About!” YouTube, May 8, 2008, uploaded by UWfoldit. www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGYJyur4FUA. For more crowdsourcing projects, see Wikipedia’s list of dozens: Wikipedia, “List of Crowdsourcing Projects.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crowdsourcing_projects. Ensemble modeling is often considered the most important predictive modeling advancement of this century’s first decade: Giovanni Seni and John Elder, Ensemble Methods in Data Mining Improving Accuracy through Combining Predictions (Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2010).

Nation-Building: Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq
by Francis Fukuyama
Published 22 Dec 2005

For a more detailed account, see “The Road to Abu Ghraib,” Human Rights Watch, June 2004, available at www.hrw.org/reports/2004/usa 0604; Reed Brody, “Prisoner Abuse: What About the Other Secret U.S. Prisons?” International Herald Tribune, May 4, 2004, 8. The full text of the Taguba Report is available at www.agonist.org/annex/ taguba.htm. The full text of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 is available at http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Geneva_Convention. Hersh, “Torture at Abu Ghraib.” L. Elaine Halchin, “The Coalition Provisional Authority: Origin, Characteristics and Institutional Authorities,” Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, April 2004, available at www.usembassy.at/en/download/pdf/ iraq_cpa.pdf.

pages: 398 words: 105,032

Soonish: Ten Emerging Technologies That'll Improve And/or Ruin Everything
by Kelly Weinersmith and Zach Weinersmith
Published 16 Oct 2017

Whiting, P., Al, M., Burgers, L., Westwood, M., Ryder, S., Hoogendoorn, M., Armstrong, N., Allen, A., Severens, H., Kleijnen, J., et al. “Ivacaftor for the Treatment of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and the G551D Mutation: A Systematic Review and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.” Health Technology Assessment 18, no. 18 (2014):130. Wikipedia. “Nitrogen Narcosis.” 2016. en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitrogen_narcosis&oldid=735322553. Wittmann, J., and Jäck, H.-M. “Serum microRNAs as Powerful Cancer Biomarkers.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Reviews on Cancer 1806, no. 2 (2010):200–207. Wolpaw, Jonathan, and Wolpaw, Elizabeth Winter. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice.

pages: 398 words: 107,788

Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking
by E. Gabriella Coleman
Published 25 Nov 2012

The word luser is often synonymous with lamer. In hackish, the word luser takes on a broader meaning, referring to any normal user (i.e. not a guru), especially one who is also a loser (luser and loser are pronounced the same). Also interpreted as a layman user as opposed to power user or administrator” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luser [accessed September 9, 2011]). 15. http://www.thinkgeek.com/tshirts/frustrations/3239/ (accessed March 21, 2006). 16. http://lists.debian.org/debian-vote/2005/03/msg00610.html (accessed July 5, 2009). 17. http://www.mail-archive.com/debian-vote@lists.debian.org/msg08500.html (accessed July 17, 2010). 18. http://svn.red-bean.com/repos/kfogel/trunk/.emacs (accessed July 5, 2009). 19. http://evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com/barthes06.htm (accessed September 17, 2011). 20.

pages: 389 words: 109,207

Fortune's Formula: The Untold Story of the Scientific Betting System That Beat the Casinos and Wall Street
by William Poundstone
Published 18 Sep 2006

Family history: Letter, Shannon to Shari Bukowski, October 20, 1981, Shannon’s papers, LOC. Distant father: Liversidge 1987. Used barbed wire for telegraph: Shannon biography in Shannon 1993; also biographical film, Claude Shannon: Father of the Information Age, produced by UCSD Jacobs School, 2002. Messenger for Western Union: Wikipedia entry for Claude Shannon, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon. Didn’t know what he wanted to do, saw postcard: Liversidge 1987. Bush insisted that Shannon be accepted into mathematics department: Liversidge 1987. “Apparently, Shannon is a genius”: Letter, Vannevar Bush to Barbara S. Burks, Jan. 5, 1939, Bush Manuscript Collection, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.

pages: 375 words: 105,067

Pound Foolish: Exposing the Dark Side of the Personal Finance Industry
by Helaine Olen
Published 27 Dec 2012

Judd claims it was a life-altering experience: Sarah Kershaw, “How to Treat a ‘Money Disorder,’” New York Times, September 24, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/fashion/25money.html. Olivia Mellan: http://www.moneyharmony.com, author interview. Herb Goldberg should know: Herb Goldberg, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Goldberg. More than 60 percent of us: Jason DeParle, “Harder for Americans to Rise from Lower Rungs,” New York Times, January 4, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/us/harder-for-americans-to-rise-from-lower-rungs.html. Instead of “disordered money behavior”: Bradley Klontz, Alex Bivens, Paul T.

pages: 273 words: 34,920

Free Market Missionaries: The Corporate Manipulation of Community Values
by Sharon Beder
Published 30 Sep 2006

Katz, ‘The Conservative Idea Machine’, Governing, February, 1992; Weaver, ‘The Changing World of Think Tanks’, pp161–2. 51 Smith, The Idea Brokers. 52 People for the American Way, ‘Right Wing Organizations: Cato Institute’, People for the American Way, March, 2003, www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=9261; DISSEMINATING PRO-BUSINESS POLICIES 125 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 ‘Koch Industries’, Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, 16 November 2004, http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch_Industries. ‘The Good Think-Tank Guide’. William A. Niskanen, ‘Cato Institute’, Cato Institute, 1995, www.cato.org/people/ niskanen.html 1995; ‘The Good Think-Tank Guide’. People for the American Way, ‘Right Wing Organizations: Heritage Foundation’, People for the American Way, September, 2002, www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/default. aspx?

pages: 426 words: 105,423

The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich
by Timothy Ferriss
Published 1 Jan 2007

Now I’m in Australia I still combine my travels with annual dentist checkups—and the savings often finance my airfare. Even between developed countries there are significant cost differences. For example France is far cheaper than the UK and Australia is cheaper than the U.S. [Note from Tim: Learn more about the incredible world of medical tourism and geoarbitrage at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_tourism. Even large insurers like AETNA often cover overseas treatments and surgeries.] —ANONYMOUS 12. This habit alone can change your life. It seems small but has an enormous effect. 13. Jonathan B. Spira and Joshua B. Feintuch, The Cost of Not Paying Attention: How Interruptions Impact Knowledge Worker Productivity (Basex, 2005).

pages: 357 words: 110,017

Money: The Unauthorized Biography
by Felix Martin
Published 5 Jun 2013

The idea of central-bank independence, unlike inflation targeting, is not associated specifically with New Keynesian theory—its origins lie in an earlier literature, notably Rogoff, 1985—though it was only once the New Keynesian approach had become the most widely used framework for policy-making that it achieved a concrete institutional impact. 27. Turner, 2012. 28. Minsky, H., “The Financial Instability Hypothesis: Capitalist Processes and the Behaviour of the Economy,” in Kindleberger and Laffargue, 1982. 29. King, M., 2002, pp. 162 and 173. 30. Ibid. 14 How to Turn the Locusts into Bees 1. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust_(finance). The term became widely used in political debate in the run-up to the September 2005 federal elections in Germany. 2. See chapter 8. 3. The title of Novi, E., 2012, La dittatura dei banchieri: l’economia usuraia, l’eclissi della democrazia, la ribellione populista. 4.

pages: 459 words: 109,490

Merchant of Death: Money, Guns, Planes, and the Man Who Makes War Possible
by Stephen Braun and Douglas Farah
Published 1 Apr 2008

id=504. 19 UN Panel of Experts, UN Report on Sierra Leone, December 2000, para. 293. 20 “Final Report of the Monitoring Mechanism on Angola,” S/2000/1225, December 21, 2000, para. 36; Interpol red notice for Victor Bout, February 28, 2002. 21 “Final Report of the Monitoring Mechanism on Angola,” para. 37. 22 Ibid., paras. 32-38. 23 Ibid., para. 119. 24 Peleman interview, “Gunrunners.” 25 Ibid. 26 European intelligence reports in possession of the authors. 27 Interpol red notice for Victor Bout, February 28, 2002. 28 This account is based on the following: Susan Schmidt and James V. Grimaldi, “The Rapid Rise and Steep Fall of Jack Abramoff,” Washington Post, December 29, 2005, p. A1; Wikipedia entry: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Savimbi; Danny Schechter, “Jack Abramoff ’s White Man’s Burden,” Common Dreams News Center, February 16, 2006 (www.commondreams.org/views06/0216-21.htm). 29 “The Final Report of the UN Panel of Experts on Violations of Security Council Sanctions against UNITA,” S/2000/203, March 10, 2000; author interviews with weapons dealers.

Bit Rot
by Douglas Coupland
Published 4 Oct 2016

I’ve mentioned this before, but it’s true: if you ask people over fifty which they would rather have, more time or more money, almost every person will choose time over money. But what would they select if they could choose between more money and more free will? We know the answer to that question: it’s called Scandinavia. * * * * Wikipedia contributors, “Second,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (mid-2015), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second&oldid=714856192. The Great Money Flush of 2016 Last week I was making a collage that included the sacrifice of a one-dollar bill for the sake of art. A friend watching me do this made a horrified face and said, “But the government could punish you if they caught you destroying money!”

pages: 404 words: 110,942

A Place for Everything: The Curious History of Alphabetical Order
by Judith Flanders
Published 6 Feb 2020

Jean Ritmueller, ‘The Hiberno-Latin Background of the Matthew Commentary of Maél-Brigte Ua Maéluanaig’, Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium, vol. 1, 1981, pp. 1–2. 26. Graham D. Caie, ‘Hypertext and Multiplicity: The Medieval Example’, in Andrew Murphy, ed., The Renaissance Text: Theory, Editing, Textuality (Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000), p. 35. 27. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#Readership, accessed 4 July 2018. 28. Most of these servers, which were located in Tampa, Florida, were superseded when Wikipedia migrated many of its sites to Virginia. However, the intention remains, and some of the old names can be found at https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Pmtpa_cluster, accessed 1 November 2018.

Life Is Simple: How Occam's Razor Set Science Free and Shapes the Universe
by Johnjoe McFadden
Published 27 Sep 2021

J., ‘The Reception of Ockham’s Thought in Fourteenth-Century England’, From Ockham to Wyclif, 89–107 (Boydell and Brewer, 1987). 8. Goddu, ‘The Impact of Ockham’s Reading of the Physics’. 9. Heytesbury, W., On Maxima and Minima: Chapter 5 of Rules for Solving Sophismata: With an Anonymous Fourteenth-Century Discussion, vol. 26 (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012). 10. Wikipedia definition of speed, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed#Historical_definition. 11. Barnett, L., and Einstein, A., The Universe and Dr Einstein (Courier Corporation, 2005). 12. Klima, G., John Buridan (Oxford University Press, 2008). 13. Goddu, A., The Physics of William of Ockham, vol. 16 (Brill Archive, 1984). 14. Tachau, K., Vision and Certitude in the Age of Ockham: Optics, Epistemology and the Foundation of Semantics 1250–1345 (Brill, 2000). 15.

pages: 416 words: 112,268

Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control
by Stuart Russell
Published 7 Oct 2019

On the value of search engines to individual users: Erik Brynjolfsson, Felix Eggers, and Avinash Gannamaneni, “Using massive online choice experiments to measure changes in well-being,” working paper no. 24514, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. 51. Penicillin was discovered several times and its curative powers were described in medical publications, but no one seems to have noticed. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_penicillin. 52. For a discussion of some of the more esoteric risks from omniscient, clairvoyant AI systems, see David Auerbach, “The most terrifying thought experiment of all time,” Slate, July 17, 2014. 53. An analysis of some potential pitfalls in thinking about advanced AI: Kevin Kelly, “The myth of a superhuman AI,” Wired, April 25, 2017. 54.

The Permanent Portfolio
by Craig Rowland and J. M. Lawson
Published 27 Aug 2012

Keep your foreign gold allocation simple and in a safe location and it is much more likely to be there for you if you should ever need it in an emergency. Also, follow all applicable disclosure and reporting laws in your home country. The purpose of foreign gold storage is to make your investments safer, not riskier by having the authorities chasing after you. Finally, don't outsmart yourself! Notes 1. Argentina's 2001 Corralito, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corralito. 2. From personal discussions with Argentinians who experienced the 2001 incident. 3. “Argentina's Property Grab,” Wall Street Journal Opinion Page, October 23, 2008, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122471757680560465.html. 4. Todd Wallack, “Boston Lawyer Keeps Steady Hand on Romney's Holdings,” Boston Globe, January 30, 2012, http://articles.boston.com/2012-01-30/business/30676371_1_malt-romney-offshore-accounts. 5.

pages: 343 words: 102,846

Trees on Mars: Our Obsession With the Future
by Hal Niedzviecki
Published 15 Mar 2015

Thomas Frank, “TED Talks Are Lying to You,” Salon.com, October 13, 2013, http://www.salon.com/2013/10/13/ted_talks_are_lying_to_you/. 34. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 2011). 35. “Time Person of the Year,” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, April 13, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_Person_of_the_Year&oldid=656202490. 36. Quentin Hardy, “Someday Worth Billions, but Now, They Need a Desk,” The New York Times, September 3, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/realestate/commercial/someday-worth-billions-but-now-they-need-a-desk.html. 37. Quentin Hardy, “The Monuments of Tech,” The New York Times, March 1, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/technology/the-monuments-of-tech.html. 38.

pages: 406 words: 105,602

The Startup Way: Making Entrepreneurship a Fundamental Discipline of Every Enterprise
by Eric Ries
Published 15 Mar 2017

Creating this structure so that it is truly functional, rather than just another system that can be gamed, requires the hard work of building and using growth boards and other mechanisms. See Chapter 9. 10. Brian Frezza spoke at the 2013 Lean Startup Conference in San Francisco; youtube.com/watch?v=I2l_Cn8Fuo8. 11. knowyourmeme.com/memes/profit. PART TWO 1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services. 2. fastcompany.com/3046756/Obama-and-his-geeks. 3. nbcnews.com/news/other/only-6-able-sign-healthcare-gov-first-day-documents-show-f8c11509571. 4. advisory.com/daily-briefing/2014/03/03/time-inside-the-nightmare-launch-of-healthcaregov. 5. washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/hhs-failed-to-heed-many-warnings-that-healthcaregov-was-in-trouble/2016/02/22/dd344e7c-d67e-11e5-9823-02b905009f99_story.html. 6. advisory.com/daily-briefing/2014/03/03/time-inside-the-nightmare-launch-of-healthcaregov.

pages: 461 words: 109,656

On Grand Strategy
by John Lewis Gaddis
Published 3 Apr 2018

Churchill, The Second World War: The Grand Alliance (New York: Bantam Books, 1962; first published in 1950), pp. 511–12. 106. I’ve estimated American combat deaths at 400,000, and equivalents for all participants in World War II at 23 million. These figures exclude civilian casualties from both totals. For details, see: www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties. 107. Thompson, A Sense of Power, p. 230. 108. Hal Brands and Patrick Porter, “Why Grand Strategy Still Matters in a World of Chaos,” The National Interest, December 10, 2015, available at: www.nationalin terest.org/feature/why-grand-strategy-still-matters-world-chaos-14568. 109.

pages: 419 words: 109,241

A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond
by Daniel Susskind
Published 14 Jan 2020

country=US (accessed 1 May 2019); “88 percent” from Jonathan Taplin, “Is It Time to Break Up Google?,” New York Times, 22 April 2017. 2. Facebook has 2.38 billion monthly active users as of April 2019, with a global population of ~7.7 billion. See https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/ (accessed 1 May 2019) and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population (accessed 1 May 2019). For the “77 percent” and “74 percent,” see Taplin, “Is It Time to Break Up Google?” For the “43 percent,” see “Amazon Accounts for 43% of US Online Retail Sales,” Business Insider Intelligence, 3 February 2017. 3. Greg Ip, “The Antitrust Case Against Facebook, Google and Amazon,” Wall Street Journal, 16 January 2018. 4.

pages: 374 words: 111,284

The AI Economy: Work, Wealth and Welfare in the Robot Age
by Roger Bootle
Published 4 Sep 2019

UMTRI-2015-34, October. 10 Reported in The Daily Telegraph, May 5, 2018. 11 Financial Times, December 3, 2018, p. 20. 12 Dingess, R. (2017), op. cit. 13 See BikeBiz website http://bit.ly/2maBbno. 14 For a skeptical view of the prospects for driverless vehicles, see Christian Wolmar, “False Start,” The Spectator, July 7, 2018 and his book (2017) Driverless Cars: On a Road to Nowhere, London: London Publishing Partnership. 15 Wikipedia (2018) “Military Robot,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_robot. 16 P. Lin et al. (2009) Robots in War: Issues of Risks and Ethics, AKA Verlag Heidelberg, pp. 51–2. 17 Unmanned Effects (UFX), Taking the Human Out of the Loop, U.S. Joint Forces Command Rapid Assessment Process Report, prepared by Project Alpha, 2003, p. 6. 18 Singer, P. (2000) Robots at War: The New Battlefield, The Wilson Quarterly, adapted from Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the twenty-first Century, London: Penguin Press, 2009, available at https://wilsonquarterly.com/quarterly/winter-2009-robots-at-war/robots-at-war-the-new-battlefield/ 19 This information comes from Cowen (2013). 20 Pinker, S. (1994) The Language Instinct, London: Penguin, pp. 190–1. 21 Reported in The Daily Telegraph, December 31, 2018. 22 Reported in The Daily Telegraph, January 22, 2018. 23 Harford, T. (2017) Fifty Things that made the Modern Economy, London: Little Brown. 24 Reported in the Financial Times, June 25, 2018. 25 Chace (2016), op. cit., pp. 252–3. 26 Ford, M. (2015) The Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of Mass Unemployment, Great Britain: Oneworld publications, pp. 123–4. 27 World Economic Forum, in collaboration with The Boston Consulting Group (2018) Toward a Reskilling Revolution A Future of Jobs for All, Geneva: World Economic Forum. 28 Ford (2015), op. cit., p. 162. 29 See the report in The Daily Telegraph, February 26, 2018. 30 Referred to in Ross (2016), op. cit., p. 33. 31 Quoted in Chace (2016), op. cit., p. 146. 32 Referred to in Susskind, R. and Susskind, D. (2017) The Future of the Professions: How Technology will Transform the Work of Human Experts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 45–7. 33 Adams 2009. 34 Chace (2016), op. cit., p. 165. 35 Keynes, J.

pages: 344 words: 104,522

Woke, Inc: Inside Corporate America's Social Justice Scam
by Vivek Ramaswamy
Published 16 Aug 2021

Common Sense with Bari Weiss, 19 Feb. 2021, bariweiss.substack.com/p/whistleblower-at-smith-college-resigns. 7. Kaufmann, Eric. “Academic Freedom in Crisis: Punishment, Political Discrimination, and Self-Censorship.” CSPI Center, 1 Mar. 2021, cspicenter.org/reports/academicfreedom/. 8. Note that this is an allusion to a well-known quote from Supreme Court Justice John Roberts: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents_Involved_in_Community_Schools_v._Seattle_School_District_No._1 9. Coughlan, Sean. “Harvard Abolishes ‘Master’ in Titles in Slavery Row.” BBC News, BBC, 25 Feb. 2016, www.bbc.com/news/education-35659685 10. Walsh, Colleen. “Harvard Announces Committee to Articulate Principles on Renaming.”

The Deepest Map
by Laura Trethewey
Published 15 May 2023

Jones et al., “The Location and Protection Status of Earth’s Diminishing Marine Wilderness,” Current Biology 28, no. 15 (August 6, 2018): 2506−12.E3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.010. 8.Young, Expedition Deep Ocean, 179–80. 9.Ibid., 184. 10.Ibid., 184–85. 11.Helen Scales, The Brilliant Abyss: Exploring the Majestic Hidden Life of the Deep Ocean, and the Looming Threat That Imperils It (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2021), 21. 12.“South Sandwich Trench,” Wikipedia, November 10, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Sandwich_Trench&oldid=988015061. 13.Young, Expedition Deep Ocean, 186. 14.Victor Vescovo, “Southern Ocean Expedition Blog,” The Five Deeps Expedition, February 22, 2019, https://fivedeeps.com/home/expedition/southern/live/. 15.Lloyd A. Brown, The Story of Maps (Boston: Little, Brown, 1949), 149. 16.Brad Lendon, “Analysis: How Did a $3 Billion US Navy Submarine Hit an Undersea Mountain?

pages: 407 words: 108,030

How to Talk to a Science Denier: Conversations With Flat Earthers, Climate Deniers, and Others Who Defy Reason
by Lee McIntyre
Published 14 Sep 2021

The bottom line, then, is whether we are willing to balance these risks based on scientific evidence or resort to denialist suspicions. 84. See Stephan Lewandowsky’s work on the link between conspiracy theories and science denial, cited in Mark Lynas, “Time to Call Out the Anti-GMO Conspiracy”; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories; Ross Pomeroy, “Why Bill Nye Changed His Mind.” 85. Greenpeace, “Twenty Years of Failure: Why GM Crops Have Failed to Deliver on Their Promises,” November 2015, https://storage.googleapis.com/planet4-international-stateless/2015/11/7cc5259f-twenty-years-of-failure.pdf; Lynas, Seeds of Science, 264. 86.

Why Buddhism is True
by Robert Wright

Indeed, here, according to current thinking, the dopamine may well be causally, not just correlationally, linked to the subjective phenomenon. “discomfort of being ruled by them”: Yongey Mingyur and Swanson 2007, p. 250. 2: Paradoxes of Meditation “wailing people around him”: See “Thich Quang Duc” in Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org. 3: When Are Feelings Illusions? “seek the one and shun the other”: Romanes 1884, p. 108. kin share so many of our genes: See Wright 1994, chapter 7. In general, see Wright 1994 and Pinker 1997 for an introduction to the logic of evolutionary psychology. †bad for the organism: Some philosophers hold the view that, actually, feelings never cause organisms to do anything.

pages: 1,066 words: 273,703

Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World
by Adam Tooze
Published 31 Jul 2018

Green, “Anglo-American Development, the Euromarkets, and the Deeper Origins of Neoliberal Deregulation,” Review of International Studies 42 (2016), 425–449. 20. P. Augar, The Death of Gentlemanly Capitalism: The Rise and Fall of London’s Investment Banks (London: Penguin, 2000). 21. The office was inherited by Lehman from Enron in 2001, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_Bank_Street. 22. “Triennial Central Bank Survey: Report on Global Foreign Exchange Market Activity in 2010,” Monetary and Economic Department, Bank for International Settlements, December 2010, http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfxf10t.pdf. 23. L. Jones, “Current Issues Affecting the OTC Derivatives Market and Its Importance to London,” City of London, April 2009, https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/economic-research-and-information/research-publications/Documents/research%202009/Current%20issues%20affecting%20the%20OTC%20derivatives%20market%20and%20its%20importance%20to%20London.pdf. 24.

…

Sargent, “Nonstop Chatter About Deficit Does Nothing to Reassure People About Economy,” Washington Post, April 28, 2011. 68. P. Wallsten, L. Montgomery and S. Wilson, “Obama’s Evolution: Behind the Failed ‘Grand Bargain’ on the Debt,” Washington Post, March 17, 2012. 69. “Trillion Dollar Coin,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillion_dollar_coin. 70. “Debt Limit Analysis,” July 2011, http://cdn.bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploadssites/default/files/DebtLimitAnalysis.pdf [inactive]. 71. N. Krishnan, A. Martin and A. Sarkar, “Pick Your Poison: How Money Market Funds Reacted to Financial Stress in 2011,” Liberty Street Economics (blog), 2013. 72.

pages: 443 words: 112,800

The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 27 Sep 2011

Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/opinion/07kristof.html?_r=1&ref=nicholasdkristof. 17.Rich, F. (2010, November 13). Who Will Stand Up to the Superrich? New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/opinion/14rich.html?src=twrhp. 18.Wikipedia: Size Comparisons. (2011, March 31). Wikipedia. Retrieved from http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_comparisons. 19.Wikipedia.org Site Info. (n.d.). Alexa the Web Information Company. Retrieved from http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikipedia.org. 20.3D printing: The Printed World [Editorial]. (2011, February 10). The Economist. Retrieved March 29, 2011, from http://www.economist.com/node/18114221?

pages: 424 words: 115,035

How Will Capitalism End?
by Wolfgang Streeck
Published 8 Nov 2016

, Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagzeitung, 27 December 2015, faz.net, last accessed 1 January 2016.) 63To sample a flavour of the hype around the term, as well as of the real-world condition to which its ascent responds, here is an extract from the Wikipedia article, ‘Resilience (organizational)’, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilience_(organizational), last accessed 1 January 2016: ‘In recent years, a new consensus of the concept of resilience emerged as a practical response to the decreasing lifespan of organisations and the [sic] from key stakeholders, including boards, governments, regulators, shareholders, staff, suppliers and customers to effectively address the issues of security, preparedness, risk, and survivability. 1.Being resilient is a proactive and determined attitude to remain a thriving enterprise (country, region, organization or company) despite the anticipated and unanticipated challenges that will emerge; 2.Resilience moves beyond a defensive security and protection posture and applies the entity’s inherent strength to withstand crisis and deflect attacks of any nature; 3.Resilience is the empowerment of being aware of your situation, your risks, vulnerabilities and current capabilities to deal with them, and being able to make informed tactical and strategic decisions; and, 4.Resilience is an objectively measurable competitive differentiator (i.e., more secure, increased stakeholder and shareholder value). […] Prominent members in the United States Congress are embracing resilience.

pages: 437 words: 113,173

Age of Discovery: Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Our New Renaissance
by Ian Goldin and Chris Kutarna
Published 23 May 2016

Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition. Dallas, TX: SIL International. Retrieved from www.ethnologue.com. 15. Hale, Scott A. (2014). Global Connectivity and Multilinguals in the Twitter Network. SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Toronto. 16. Wikipedia (2015). “List of Wikipedias.” Retrieved from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias. 17. Kemp, Simon (2014, January 9). “Social, Digital and Mobile Worldwide in 2014.” Retrieved from wearesocial.net/blog. 18. Manyika, James, Jacques Bughin, et al. (2014). Global Flows in a Digital Age. New York: McKinsey & Co. 19. Ibid.; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2015).

pages: 524 words: 120,182

Complexity: A Guided Tour
by Melanie Mitchell
Published 31 Mar 2009

“small-world property”: The formal definition of the small-world property is that, even though relatively few long-distance connections are present, the shortest path length (number of link hops) between two nodes scales logarithmically or slower with network size n for fixed average degree. “Kevin Bacon game”: See, e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Degrees_of_ Kevin_Bacon]. “neuroscientists had already mapped out every neuron and neural connection”: For more information, see Achacoso, T. B. and Yamamoto, W. S., AY’s Neuroanatomy of C. Elegans for Computation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991. “do not actually have the kinds of degree distributions”: The Watts-Strogatz model produces networks with exponential degree distributions, rather than the much more commonly observed power-law degree distributions in real-world networks.

pages: 309 words: 114,984

The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, and Harm at the Dawn of Medicine’s Computer Age
by Robert Wachter
Published 7 Apr 2015

Cross, “Will Connecting for Health Deliver Its Promises?,” BMJ 332:559–601 (2006). 10 in a speech in Minnesota J. Conn, “10 Years After the Revolution: Health IT Coordinators Look Back at the Nation’s Progress,” Modern Healthcare, April 5, 2014 . 10 The 44-year-old Brailer “David Brailer,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brailer, retrieved December 26, 2014, and interview with the author, June 18, 2014. 10 the federal government had a place in setting standards Brailer laid out his initial vision in a July 2004 “Framework for Strategic Action”: D. J. Brailer, “The Decade of Health Information Technology: Delivering Consumer-centric and Information-rich Health Care: Framework for Strategic Action,” June 21, 2004, available at http://www.providersedge.com/ehdocs/ehr_articles/the_decade_of_hitdelivering_customer-centric_and_info-rich_hc.pdf. 11 when Modern Healthcare magazine named him “100 Most Powerful People in Healthcare (List),” Modern Healthcare, 2004, available at http://chedit.cr.atl.publicus.com/article/20040823/PREMIUM/408230346/. 12 only 17 percent of doctors’ offices Data are from the ONC’s October 2014 report to Congress (see under Preface for more information). 12 As Clay Christensen C.

pages: 390 words: 114,538

Digital Wars: Apple, Google, Microsoft and the Battle for the Internet
by Charles Arthur
Published 3 Mar 2012

Chapter Three Search: Google versus Microsoft 1 http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-204390.html 2 http://searchenginewatch.com/2165701 3 http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/auth.pdf 4 Douglas Edwards (2011) I’m Feeling Lucky: The confessions of Google employee number 59, Allen Lane, London. 5 https://web.archive.org/web/19990821060408/http://www.salon.com/21st/rose/1998/12/21straight.html 6 Edwards, I’m Feeling Lucky. 7 Private e-mail. 8 Edwards, I’m Feeling Lucky. 9 http://stopdesign.com/archive/2009/03/20/goodbye-google.html 10 http://news.cnet.com/AltaVista-In-search-of-a-turning-point/2100-1023_3-270869.html 11 John Battelle (2005) The Search: How Google and its rivals rewrote the rules of business and transformed our culture, Nicholas Brealey, London. 12 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2000/jul00/07-17belluzzo.mspx 13 http://www.businessinsider.com/in-2000-business-week-wondered-how-google-will-ever-make-money-2009-3 14 Amy K Gilligan (2001) Googling is the newest date thing, Telegraph Herald, Dubuque, Iowa, 14 January. 15 http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/29/opinion/liberties-the-manolo-moochers.html 16 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stac_Electronics#Microsoft_lawsuit 17 Ken Auletta (2009) Googled: The end of the world as we know it, Virgin Books, London. 18 http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2007/04/my_other_interv/ 19 http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2007/04/my_other_interv/ 20 Private e-mail. 21 Private conversation with Joel Spolsky. 22 Battelle, The Search. 23 Private e-mail. 24 http://blogs.ft.com/fttechhub/2011/03/where-microsoft-went-wrong-by-paul-allen/ 25 https://research.google.com/archive/bigtable.html 26 http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/29/bubble-blinders-the-untold-story-of-the-search-business-model/ 27 Private conversation with Gayle Laakmann. 28 http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2007/04/my_other_interv/ 29 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2004/nov04/11-11searchbetalaunchpr.mspx 30 http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/nov2004/tc20041112_7986_tc119.htm 31 http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/05/02/8258478/index.htm 32 Private conversation with Pieter Knook. 33 http://www.zdnet.com/blog/web2explorer/leaked-documents-from-bill-gates-and-ray-ozzie/52 34 http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/09/technology/09msn.html 35 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/business/01marissa.html?

pages: 403 words: 111,119

Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist
by Kate Raworth
Published 22 Mar 2017

Stiglitz, J. (2011) ‘Of the 1%, for the 1%, by the 1%’, Vanity Fair May. http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105 35. Ormerod, P. (2012), ‘Networks and the need for a new approach to policymaking’, in Dolphin, T. and Nash, D. (eds), Complex New World. London: IPPR, p. 30. 36. Wikipedia (2016) List of Cognitive Biases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases 37. Thaler, R. and Sunstein, C. (2009) Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness. London: Penguin, p. 6. 38. Marewzki, J. and Gigerenzer, G. (2012), ‘Heuristic decision making in medicine’, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14: 1, pp. 77–89. 39.

pages: 431 words: 118,074

The Ultimate Engineer: The Remarkable Life of NASA's Visionary Leader George M. Low
by Richard Jurek
Published 2 Dec 2019

George Low, “Rensselaer in 1977: Address to Faculty and Staff,” 29 March 1977, George M. Low Papers, 1930–1984. 42. Low, “Rensselaer in 1977.” 43. Dorothy Reynolds, interview by the author, 18 May 2016. 44. Wikipedia, s.v. “Frederick Terman,” last modified 26 December 2018, 14:07, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Terman. 45. Gene Bylinsky, “California’s Great Breeding Ground for Industry,” Fortune Magazine, June 1974. 46. Robert M. Whitaker, “As We Mourn President Low at Rensselaer,” Rensselaer, Summer 1984, 3. 47. George Low, handwritten speech notes, 24 September 1981, George M.

pages: 386 words: 113,709

Why We Drive: Toward a Philosophy of the Open Road
by Matthew B. Crawford
Published 8 Jun 2020

In 1954, the same general who accompanied Churchill to the RAF bunker, Hastings “Pug” Ismay, related that shortly after the event, when he and Churchill were riding in a car together and Churchill was rehearsing the speech, he came to the now-famous sentence and Ismay interrupted, saying “What about Jesus and his disciples?” “Good old Pug,” said Churchill, who immediately changed the wording to “Never in the field of human conflict have so many owed so much to so few.” “Never Was So Much Owed by So Many to So Few,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_was_so_much_owed_by_so_many_to_so_few. 13.With the creation of the RAF Volunteer Reserve in 1936, the RAF’s processes for selecting potential candidates were opened to men of all social classes. It “was designed to appeal, to . . . young men . . . without any class distinctions.” Thus John Terraine, The Right of the Line: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–45 (London: Hodder & Stroughton, 1985), pp. 44–45.

pages: 372 words: 117,038

T: The Story of Testosterone, the Hormone That Dominates and Divides Us
by Carole Hooven
Published 12 Jul 2021

most trans men are satisfied with the vocal changes that T brings: Ulrika Nygren, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Stefan Arver, and Maria Södersten, “Effects on Voice Fundamental Frequency and Satisfaction with Voice in Trans Men During Testosterone Treatment—A Longitudinal Study,” Journal of Voice 30, no. 6 (2016): 766, e24–e34. a mistranslation of a Hebrew phrase: Wikipedia, “Adam’s Apple,” Etymology, retrieved August 15, 2020, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam’s_apple#Etymology. A complicated series of events: Merriam-Webster, “Why Is It Called an ‘Adam’s Apple’? It’s Not the Reason You Think,” Merriam-Webster.com, Word History, https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/why-is-it-called-an-adams-apple-word-history. angle at which the two cartilages join: Lee Coleman, Mark Zakowski, Julian A.

Human Frontiers: The Future of Big Ideas in an Age of Small Thinking
by Michael Bhaskar
Published 2 Nov 2021

The weight-to-payload ratio of modern cars is actually worse than for older vehicles. 42 Other areas which may also have a breakthrough problem of a similar structure include energy, agriculture, construction and manufacturing – and also areas like science, culture and business growth which we will turn to. 3 THE DIMINISHING REVOLUTION 1 Mahon (2004), p. 163. The following account of Maxwell is derived primarily from the same source. 2 Ibid., p. 65 3 Huebner (2005) 4 Developments as outlined in The History of Science and Technology by Bryan Bunch and Alexander Hellemans. 5 Huebner (2005) 6 Vijg (2011), p. 28. See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions 7 Nor is Vijg's the only other taxonomy to show this. See Cowen and Southwood (2019) for a more comprehensive survey which suggests that wherever innovation is tracked over the long term something similar emerges. 8 Smil (2005) 9 Ibid and Mokyr (1999) 10 Greenspan and Wooldridge (2018), pp. 132–3 11 Ibid. 12 Smil (2020) and (2005) 13 Mokyr (1999).

Hopes and Prospects
by Noam Chomsky
Published 1 Jan 2009

Klaus Naumann, John Shalikashvili, et al., Towards a Grand Strategy for an Uncertain World: Renewing the Transatlantic Partnership, (Center for Strategic & International Studies, Noaber Foundation), 2007, http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/documents/3eproefGrandStrat(b).pdf. 20. HDI, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index. Maurice Guernier, An-Nahar Arab Report and Memo, Beirut, April 17, 1978. For further quotes see Towards a New Cold War. Eight: Turning Point? 1. Dan Fromkin, Washington Post, May 29, 2009. 2. Agence France-Presse, May 16, 2009. 3.

pages: 415 words: 119,277

Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places
by Sharon Zukin
Published 1 Dec 2009

See Richard Lloyd, Neo-Bohemia: Art and Commerce in the Post-industrial City (New York: Routledge, 2006); Elizabeth Currid, The Warhol Economy: How Fashion, Art, and Music Drive New York City (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007). 14. On the gradual growth of the artists’ community, see the description of the documentary film Brooklyn DIY (2009) directed by Marcin Ramocki, at www.ramocki.net/brooklyndiy.html. 15. For a description of this raw aesthetic, see Kromelis, “Galapagos.” 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebon_Fisher—cite_ref-8; Melissa Rossi, “Where Do We Go after the Rave?,” Newsweek, July 26, 1993, p. 58; also www.nervepool.net, accessed January 2007. 17. Kromelis, “Galapagos”; John Korduba, “Remembrance of Things Repast,” www.11211magazine.com, 4, no. 3 (2004); www.galapagosartspace.com. 18.

pages: 424 words: 114,905

Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again
by Eric Topol
Published 1 Jan 2019

Not only would this yield a higher proportion of people with high potassium levels, but the blood levels would have been taken closer to the time of the ECG. FIGURE 4.2: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of true versus false positive rates, with examples of worthless, good, and excellent plotted. Source: Adapted from “Receiver Operating Characteristic,” Wikipedia (2018): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic. They also thought that maybe all the key information was not in the T wave, as Friedman’s team had thought. So why not analyze the whole ECG signal and override the human assumption that all the useful information would have been encoded in the T wave?

pages: 425 words: 116,409

Hidden Figures
by Margot Lee Shetterly
Published 11 Aug 2016

pid=15954 3 ninety planes a month: Arthur Herman, Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II (New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2012), 11. 3 the largest industry in the world: Judy A. Rumerman, “The American Aerospace Industry During World War II,” US Centennial of Flight Commission website, http://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Aerospace/WWII_Industry/Aero7.htm. Comparative aircraft production statistics at Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_aircraft_production. 4 started in 1935: “What’s My Name?” 4 investing $500: R. H. Cramer to R. A. Darby, “Computing Groups Organization and Practice at NACA,” April 27, 1942, http://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/crgis/images/7/76/ComputingGroupOrg1942.pdf. 5 grudgingly admitted: Ibid. 5 a boost to the laboratory’s bottom line: Ibid. 5 “Reduce your household duties!”

The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal
by David E. Hoffman
Published 9 May 2016

One of the country’s most knowledgeable radar scientists, Pavel Oshchepkov, was arrested in 1937 and spent the next ten years in prison. John Erikson, “Radio-location and the Air Defence Problem: The Design and Development of Soviet Radar, 1934–40,” Social Studies of Science 2 (1972): 241–68. Also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_in_World_War_II for details on Factory No. 339. 23. Tolkachev was born in Aktyubinsk, a railroad town, the scene of a major battle in the civil war that followed the Bolshevik Revolution. The Bolsheviks captured the town from the White Army in 1919. Local archives show that in September 1919 a man named Tolkachev was chosen to be secretary of the local Bolshevik organizing bureau in Aktyubinsk.

pages: 441 words: 113,244

Seasteading: How Floating Nations Will Restore the Environment, Enrich the Poor, Cure the Sick, and Liberate Humanity From Politicians
by Joe Quirk and Patri Friedman
Published 21 Mar 2017

Hull alone the size of Chrysler Building: www.passportdiary.com/cruise/ventura-vs-independence-of-the-seas-does-bigger-mean-better, compared to Burj Al Arab and Roman Colosseum: http://twicsy.com/i/45AfUi. almost halfway around the Earth: Facts and Figures—Maersk Line shipping containers worldwide. (n.d.), accessed February 17, 2016, https://classic.maerskline.com/link/?page=brochure. the largest company of which there are hundreds: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_freight_ship_companies. More than 17 million shipping containers: www.billiebox.co.uk/facts-about-shipping-containers. “It is much more a gateway to freedom”: C. F. Schuetze, “Living Above and Below the Water’s Surface in Amsterdam,” New York Times, April 23, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/greathomesanddestinations/living-above-and-below-the-waters-surface-in-amsterdam.html?

The Next Great Migration: The Beauty and Terror of Life on the Move
by Sonia Shah

The innovative capacity of groups of people Ehrlich and Holdren, “Impact of Population Growth”; Ramsden and Adams, “Escaping the Laboratory.” Tanton spun off ZPG’s immigration committee Normandin and Valles, “How a Network of Conservationists”; DeParle, “Anti-Immigration Crusader”; “Anne H. Ehrlich,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_H._Ehrlich; Rohe, Mary Lou and John Tanton. Tanton gently helped his supporters disregard Tanton, “International Migration”; Social Contract, “Tribute to Tanton.” It worked, for a while Normandin and Valles, “How a Network of Conservationists”; DeParle, “Anti-Immigration Crusader.”

pages: 1,172 words: 114,305

New Laws of Robotics: Defending Human Expertise in the Age of AI
by Frank Pasquale
Published 14 May 2020

For a compelling analysis of robotics in popular culture, see Robert M. Geraci, Apocalyptic AI: Visions of Heaven in Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010). Wikipedia features a dynamically updated account of “AI in Film”: Wikipedia, “List of Artificial Intelligence in Films,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_intelligence_films. Unsurprisingly, there is no rival “List of Intelligence Augmentation in Films.” 9. Langdon Winner, Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977). 10. Such approaches are probably already in use by advertisers, who have been reported to utilize images that look like their viewer in order to cultivate a positive response. 11.

pages: 495 words: 114,451

Life on the Rocks: Building a Future for Coral Reefs
by Juli Berwald
Published 4 Apr 2022

Hopeful Monsters picture book of the continents: Alain Manesson Mallet, Description de l’Univers (Paris, 1683), via Professor Emerita Frances W. Pritchett, Columbia University, http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/mallet/index.html#index. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT stint as a schoolteacher: Alain Manesson Mallet, Wikipedia, accessed March 4, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Manesson_Mallet#cite_note-2. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT Corals of the World: J. E. N. Veron, Mary Stafford-Smith, ed., Corals of the World (Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science, 2000), 3 vols. The book is available online and the taxonomy discussion referenced is J.

Visual Thinking: The Hidden Gifts of People Who Think in Pictures, Patterns, and Abstractions
by Temple Grandin, Ph.d.
Published 11 Oct 2022

“Meet Eric Yuan, the Founder and CEO of Zoom, Who Has Made over $12 Billion since March and Now Ranks among the 400 Richest People in America.” Business Insider, September 9, 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-zoom-billionaire-eric-yuan-career-net-worth-life. “Russell and Sigurd Varian.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_and_Sigurd_Varian. “Russell H. Varian and Sigurd F. Varian.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, 1998. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Russell‑H‑Varian-and‑Sigurd‑F‑Varian. Rylance, R. “Grant Giving: Global Funders to Focus on Interdisciplinarity.” Nature 525 (2015): 313–15.

pages: 555 words: 119,733

Autotools
by John Calcote
Published 20 Jul 2010

[89] This is especially relevant on ELF systems, where it can be difficult to determine which of your library symbols might conflict with symbols from other libraries. [90] Wikipedia has a very informative page on position-independent code although I find its treatment of Windows DLLs to be somewhat outdated. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-independent_code/. Summary In this chapter, I outlined the basic rationale for shared libraries. As an exercise, we added a shared library to Jupiter that incorporates functionality from the convenience library we created earlier. We began with a more or less intuitive approach to incorporating a static library into a Libtool shared library, and in the process, discovered a more portable and correct way to do this using Libtool convenience libraries.

pages: 755 words: 121,290

Statistics hacks
by Bruce Frey
Published 9 May 2006

Perhaps indicating what people tend to write about, the top 100 most-used words in written texts include dollars, great, general, and public. Debts just barely failed to make the top 100, but it is surprisingly common. See Also A good explanation of single substitution ciphers can be found under the entry for frequency analysis at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis. Some of the statistics reported in this hack were found at http://www.data-compression.com and http://www.scottbryce.com. Good information and advice for solving cryptograms and other codes using statistics can be found at those sites. Hack 71. Discover a New Species While everyday entire species of creatures become extinct, occasionally new species are identified that were previously unknown.

pages: 397 words: 121,211

Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960-2010
by Charles Murray
Published 1 Jan 2012

In the DDB Life Style data for 1995–98: If you did not have a college degree and were anywhere under $100,000 per year in income, you had a 14 percent chance of fishing five or more times per year. With a college degree and an income greater than $100,000, you had a 4 percent chance. Extrapolate that relationship to people who are in the top few centiles of socioeconomic status, and the percentage presumably drops accordingly. 13. My basic source was http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_casual_dining_restaurant_chains. I went to the specific websites of restaurants with worldwide outlets to estimate the number of outlets in the United States. 14. Some of the chains are privately held, and revenues must be estimated. Twelve billion dollars is an extremely conservative estimate. 15.

Python Web Development With Django
by Jeff Forcier

Limitations of the App Engine Framework From the perspective of a Django developer, the biggest missing piece in Google’s implementation is Django’s ORM. Instead of a relational database, Google relies on its proprietary BigTable system for storage—see http://labs.google.com/papers/bigtable.html and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BigTable for more information.There are no SQL statements, no relations, no JOINs, and so on. Although you can write brand-new apps that use the other parts of Django and substitute Google’s BigTable-based ORM for your data models, this limitation scratches virtually all existing Django apps off the list.You can conceivably rewrite parts of your own apps to work around this, but you are not going to do that for existing Django apps and components such as the admin, the authentication system, the generic views, and so forth.

pages: 706 words: 120,784

The Joy of Clojure
by Michael Fogus and Chris Houser
Published 28 Nov 2010

Regaining one-at-a-time laziness There are legitimate concerns about this chunked model, and one such concern is the desire for a one-at-a-time model to avoid exploding computations. Assuming that you have such a requirement, one counterpoint against chunked sequences is that of building an infinite sequence of Mersenne primes.[3] Implicit realization of the first 32 Mersenne primes through chunked sequences will finish long after the Sun has died. 3 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersenne_Primes. But you can use lazy-seq to create a function seq1 that can be used to restrict (or dechunkify, if you will) a lazy sequence and enforce the one-at-a-time model, as in the following listing. Listing 12.2. A dechunkifying seq1 function (defn seq1 [s] (lazy-seq (when-let [[x] (seq s)] (cons x (seq1 (rest s)))))) (take 1 (map gimme (seq1 (range 32)))) ;=> (.0) (take 1 (drop 32 (map gimme (seq1 (range 64))))) ;=> (.................................32) You can again safely generate your lazy, infinite sequence of Mersenne primes.

Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York, and Los Angeles
by Mohammed Abdul Qadeer
Published 10 Mar 2016

Tina Chui, Kelly Tran, and John Flanders, “Chinese Canadians Enriching the Cultural Mosaic,” Statistics Canada, Catalogue Number 11-006 (Spring 2005), 27. 14 Wise and Velayutham, “Introduction,” 4–5. 15 Samuel Beresky, “A Movable Feast,” Planning, February 2011, 32. 16 City of Toronto, Street Food Pilot Project Update and Recommendations, Staff Report (2011), http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2011/ex/bgrd/ backgroundfile-37387.pdf, 1–14. 17 Stanley Fish, quoted by Amy Lavender Harris, Imagining Toronto (Toronto: Mansfield Press, 2010), 196. Notes to pages 158–64 293 18 Wikipedia, “German-American,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_ American. 19 Min Zhou, Contemporary Chinese America, 129. 20 Ibid., 135–7. 21 http://www.rogers.com/web/support/tv/channels/208?setLanguage=en. 22 www.asiantelevision.com/. 23 Richard Florida postulates three Ts of economic growth, namely, talent, technology, and tolerance, tolerance being not a passive act but an active approach of including different people and their perspectives.

pages: 456 words: 123,534

The Dawn of Innovation: The First American Industrial Revolution
by Charles R. Morris
Published 1 Jan 2012

Rainier, “The ‘Sharper’ Image: Yankee Peddlers, Southern Consumers, and the Market Revolution,” in Cultural Change and the Market Revolution in America, 1790–1860, ed. Scott C. Martin (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 89–110; David R. Meyer, The Roots of American Industrialization (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), 271–277. 34 Cincinnati population from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati#Demographics); Michael R. Haines, “The Population of the United States, 1790–1920, in Engerman and Gallman, eds., The Long Nineteenth Century, Table 4.4. 35 Dickens, American Notes, 147. 36 Sean Wilentz, ed., Major Problems in the Early Republic, 1789–1848: Documents and Essays (Lexington, MA: D.C.

pages: 461 words: 125,845

This Machine Kills Secrets: Julian Assange, the Cypherpunks, and Their Fight to Empower Whistleblowers
by Andy Greenberg
Published 12 Sep 2012

TheRegister.co.uk, June 2, 2010. “When they pull, so do we” E-mail from Julian Assange to John Young, January 7, 2007, available at http://cryptome.org/wikileaks/wikileaks-leak2.htm thirty times the size of every text article stored on Wikipedia Wikipedia: Database download, available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_download “let it flower into something new” Julian Assange to John Young, January 7, 2007, available at http://cryptome.org/wikileaks/wikileaks-leak2.htm spreading free software like a hacker Johnny Appleseed Jacob Appelbaum. “Personal experiences bringing technology and new media to disaster areas.”

pages: 320 words: 87,853

The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information
by Frank Pasquale
Published 17 Nov 2014

Available at http://president.umich.edu /speech /archive/MSC _AAP_Google _address.pdf. On Google acquiring Zagat, see “Google Just Got ZAGAT Rated!” Google Offi cial Blog, September 8, 2011, http://googleblog.blogspot. com /2011/09/google-just-got-zagat-rated.html. 44. “List of Mergers and Acquisitions by Google.” Wikipedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Google _acquisitions. 45. Caitlin McGarry, “The Disappearing Web: How We’re Losing the Battle to Preserve the Internet,” Tech Hive, October 9, 2012, http://www.techhive .com /article /2011401/the -disappearing -web -how-were -losing -the -battle -to -preserve-the-Internet.html. Tom Chatfield, “The Decaying Web and Our Disappearing History,” BBC, September 28, 2012 http://www.bbc.com /future /story/20120927-the-decaying-web. 46.

Building and Dwelling: Ethics for the City
by Richard Sennett
Published 9 Apr 2018

Richard Sennett, The Corrosion of Character: The Personal Consequences of Work in the New Capitalism (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998). 7. Richard Sennett, Together: The Rituals, Pleasures and Politics of Cooperation (New Haven: Yale University Press/London: Allen Lane, 2012), pp. 38–40. 8. See the description of this event at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire, with the caveat that I have contributed to this Wikipedia entry. 10 TIME’S SHADOWS 1. See Stephen Greenblatt, The Swerve: How the World Became Modern (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012). 2. Titus Lucretius Carus, De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things) (London: Macmillan, 1893, et seq. editions), 2.216–224, 2.256–567. 3.

pages: 413 words: 120,506

The Hundred Years' War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017
by Rashid Khalidi
Published 28 Jan 2020

Times have changed at the UN: this division is now called Political Affairs and is usually headed by an American. 11. My father can be seen briefly rising in the last row around the council table just as the resolution is passed (presumably to confirm the vote count) in a Universal Newsreel clip on the June 9 cease-fire vote, which is embedded in the Wikipedia article on the June war: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War. 12. United Nations Security Council Official Records, 1352nd Meeting, June 9, 1967, S/PV.1352. 13. See Itamar Rabinovich, The Road Not Taken: Early Arab-Israeli Negotiations (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991); and Shlaim, The Iron Wall. 14. France had secretly provided the necessary technology for Israel’s nuclear weapons, while the Israeli government systematically deceived the Americans about the nature of their nuclear program.

Text Analytics With Python: A Practical Real-World Approach to Gaining Actionable Insights From Your Data
by Dipanjan Sarkar
Published 1 Dec 2016

In fact, you can even build your own feature detector function and pass it to the feature_detector parameter when instantiating an object of the ClassifierBasedPOSTagger class. The classifier we will be using is the NaiveBayesClassifier, which uses the Bayes’ theorem to build a probabilistic classifier, assuming the features are independent. Read more about it at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier if you like (since going into more detail about the algorithm is out of our current scope). The following code snippet shows a classification-based approach to building and evaluating a POS tagger: from nltk.classify import NaiveBayesClassifier from nltk.tag.sequential import ClassifierBasedPOSTagger nbt = ClassifierBasedPOSTagger(train=train_data, classifier_builder=NaiveBayesClassifier.train) # evaluate tagger on test data and sample sentence In [41]: print nbt.evaluate(test_data) 0.930680607997 In [42]: print nbt.tag(tokens) [('The', u'DT'), ('brown', u'JJ'), ('fox', u'NN'), ('is', u'VBZ'), ('quick', u'JJ'), ('and', u'CC'), ('he', u'PRP'), ('is', u'VBZ'), ('jumping', u'VBG'), ('over', u'IN'), ('the', u'DT'), ('lazy', u'JJ'), ('dog', u'VBG')] Using the preceding tagger , we get an accuracy of 93 percent on our test data—the highest out of all our taggers.

pages: 453 words: 122,586

Samuelson Friedman: The Battle Over the Free Market
by Nicholas Wapshott
Published 2 Aug 2021

(1995), p. 372. 55.Samuelson, Economics, 18th ed. (2004), p. 40. 56.Ibid., p. 41. 57.Quoted by Independent Institute, obituary of Friedman, November 18, 2006. CHAPTER 11: FED UP 1.The pardoning of Nixon by Ford became the key issue rather than the Watergate events themselves. 2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gallup_Poll-Approval_Rating-Jimmy_Carter.png. 3.Newsweek, May 29, 1978. 4.https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/11/02/carter-moves-to-halt-decline-of-dollar/880b916b-24c7-4ce7-807f-1057b9ba40fd/. 5.“Recession: Made in Washington,” Newsweek, December 24, 1979. 6.https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jimmycartercrisisofconfidence.htm. 7.https://news.gallup.com/poll/116677/Presidential-Approval-Ratings-Gallup-Historical-Statistics-Trends.aspx. 8.George William Miller (March 9, 1925–March 17, 2006), U.S. secretary of the treasury under President Carter. 9.Paul Adolph Volcker Jr.

pages: 445 words: 122,877

Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity
by Claudia Goldin
Published 11 Oct 2021

House of Representatives (2006), p. 40. 18 who were elected as US Representatives The figure is for those elected, as opposed to those appointed, which is how some women at the time entered Congress after the death of their husbands who had held that House seat. 19 Her first child was born in 2014 Duckworth graduated from the University of Hawaii in 1989 and received an MA from George Washington University and a PhD from Capella University in 2015. 19 Kirsten Gillibrand, born in 1966 Gillibrand graduated from Dartmouth College in 1988 and received a JD from UCLA School of Law in 1991. 19 the other nine female members of Congress Information on pregnancies and women in the House of Representatives is from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Pregnancies. 20 when reliable, trustworthy sources were first recorded The US census for 1940 is the first that contains information on educational attainment. Prior to that date, information from college alumni and alumnae records can be used, and have been, by various researchers (Cookingham 1984; Solomon 1985).

pages: 521 words: 118,183

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power
by Jacob Helberg
Published 11 Oct 2021

mcubz=1. 105 Marc Fisher, “In Tunisia, act of one fruit vendor sparks wave of revolution through Arab world,” Washington Post, March 26, 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-tunisia-act-of-one-fruit-vendor-sparks-wave-of-revolution-through-arab-world/2011/03/16/AFjfsueB_story.html. 106 Ian Black, “WikiLeaks cables: Tunisia blocks site reporting ‘hatred’ of first lady,” The Guardian, December 7, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/07/wikileaks-tunisia-first-lady. 107 “Protesters with a sign that says ‘Ben Ali, get lost’ in French,” Wikipedia, January 14, 2011, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_Revolution#/media/File:Tunisia_Unrest_-_VOA_-_Tunis_14_Jan_2011_(3).jpg.; Amira Aleya-Sghaier, “The Tunisian Revolution: The Revolution of Dignity,” Taylor Francis Online, May 29, 2012, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21520844.2012.675545. 108 Aleya-Sghaier, “The Tunisian Revolution.” 109 Jennifer Metz, “Social Media Plays Role in Toppling Tunisian President,” ABC News, January 14, 2011, https://abcnews.go.com/International/tunisian-president-pushed-power-country-rocked-riots/story?

pages: 433 words: 124,454

The Burning Answer: The Solar Revolution: A Quest for Sustainable Power
by Keith Barnham
Published 7 May 2015

Murray, ‘Thermal Modeling and Life Prediction of Water-Cooled Hybrid concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors’, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 135, 011010 (2013). 13. James Barber, ‘Photosynthetic energy conversion: natural and artificial’, Chemical Society Reviews, 38, 185 (2009). 14. Wikipedia, ‘Z scheme’ figure, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis, accessed 5 February 2014. 15. Bao-Lian Su, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, The University of Namur (FUNDP), private communication. 16. A. Leonard, Ph. Dandoy, E. Danloy, G. Leroux, J.C. Rooke, C.F. Meunier and B.L. Su, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 860 (2011). 17. Mary D.

pages: 424 words: 122,350

Feral: Rewilding the Land, the Sea, and Human Life
by George Monbiot
Published 13 May 2013

What he invites us to discard, and what I think Eagleton and Bertrand Russell are talking about, is universalism. If blood and culture are allowed to outweigh the consistent application of universalist principles (in particular the golden rule), this can become a licence to trample on other people. 1. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3407.htm 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#Economy 3. W. H. Auden, 1965, ‘Et in Arcadia Ego’. 4. Institute for Research of Expelled Germans, 2011, ‘The forced labour, imprisonment, expulsion, and emigration of the Germans of Yugoslavia’, http://expelledgermans.org/danubegermans.htm 5. Institute for Research of Expelled Germans, ‘The forced labour, imprisonment, expulsion, and emigration of the Germans of Yugoslavia’. 6.

pages: 960 words: 125,049

Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps
by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood Ph. D.
Published 23 Dec 2018

Wikipedia’s Definition of a Digital Signature A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for presenting the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender (authentication), that the sender cannot deny having sent the message (non-repudiation), and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature How Digital Signatures Work A digital signature is a mathematical scheme that consists of two parts. The first part is an algorithm for creating a signature, using a private key (the signing key), from a message (which in our case is the transaction). The second part is an algorithm that allows anyone to verify the signature by only using the message and a public key.

pages: 482 words: 121,173

Tools and Weapons: The Promise and the Peril of the Digital Age
by Brad Smith and Carol Ann Browne
Published 9 Sep 2019

Back to note reference 24. Smith, “Facial Recognition.” Back to note reference 25. One state legislator who took an interest in the idea was Reuven Carlyle, a Washington state senator who lives in Seattle and had worked in the tech sector before becoming a state legislator in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuven_Carlyle. He wanted to champion a broad privacy bill, and he was interested in including facial recognition rules within it. Carlyle spent several months drafting his proposed legislation and talking with other state senators about its details. In part reflecting this effort, his bill, with new rules for facial recognition, gained the bipartisan support needed to pass out of the senate by a 46–1 vote in early March 2019.

pages: 400 words: 121,988

Trading at the Speed of Light: How Ultrafast Algorithms Are Transforming Financial Markets
by Donald MacKenzie
Published 24 May 2021

The terminology of racks was inherited from US telecommunications, and even today rack sizes are usually defined in inches, not centimeters. A standard rack unit is 19 inches (48.26 cm) wide and 1.75 inches high, and a typical rack, or “cabinet,” is 42 units tall (73.5 inches, or 1.87 meters). Power densities of about 15 kilowatts per rack now seem routinely achievable. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-inch_rack and https://www.datacenters.com/news/understanding-the-interplay-between-data-center-power-consumption-data-center-en, both accessed November 26, 2019. 2. If the incoming order is an “immediate-or-cancel” order (see chapter 6), it will simply be canceled rather than added to the order book. 3.

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Androids: The Team That Built the Android Operating System
by Chet Haase
Published 12 Aug 2021

Most software that is written is either re-implementing existing concepts or building upon and extending them in new ways. 254 The Picture object in Skia is essentially a pre-processed list of the low-level information that the system needs to draw a particular scene. Rather than having to parse web content to draw things as the page scrolled around, Skia translated the page into a Picture object, which could be drawn much more efficiently. 255 The cheese page (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese) has several thousand words, over one-third of the length of “Earth” and nearly one half of the length of “Universe.” It’s not clear why the cheese page is so long. Who knew that cheese was so complicated? 18. London Calling Another boost to the browser team came from across the ocean.

pages: 466 words: 116,165

American Kleptocracy: How the U.S. Created the World's Greatest Money Laundering Scheme in History
by Casey Michel
Published 23 Nov 2021

It’s unclear who made Schochet’s Wikipedia page, or why one—nominally about a midlevel employee at a real estate firm—should exist. It does have a few gems, though, including the claim that “Schochet describes himself as: ‘a long-term investor interested in any property that produces a healthy income.’” See “Chaim Schochet,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Schochet. 29. Jarboe, “The Most Important Guy You’ve Never Heard of: Chaim Schochet, 25, Builds Downtown Cleveland Empire.” 30. A breakdown of the alleged pricing structures can be found in one of the myriad lawsuits facing the Optima group, located here: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/kolomoisky_case.pdf.

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Tenants: The People on the Frontline of Britain's Housing Emergency
by Vicky Spratt
Published 18 May 2022

It is a landmark reappraisal of council housing which looks in depth at the competing ideologies that have promoted state housing and condemned it, as well as the economics that have always constrained our housing ideals. ought not to be brushed over: For further reading on this, see Rebecca Tunstall, The Fall and Rise of Social Housing: 100 Years on 20 Estates (Bristol: Policy Press, 2020), p. 268. homelessness charity of the same name: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrepoint_(charity) more than £7 million: www.knightfrank.co.uk/properties/residential/for-sale/centre-point-residences-103-new-oxford-street-london-wc1a/KRD161007 an ongoing social housing conditions scandal: Tara O’Connor, ‘Croydon Council housing boss leaves just months after starting in wake of Regina Road scandal’, MyLondon, 9 November 2021, www.mylondon.news/news/south-london-news/croydon-council-housing-boss-leaves-22116477 one of the first people to establish a link: J.

pages: 1,197 words: 304,245

The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution
by David Wootton
Published 7 Dec 2015

Savery, Navigation Improv’d (1698); Papin, La Vie et les ouvrages de Denis Papin (1894), Vol. 1, 206–7; letters to Leibniz 13 March 1704, 7 July 1707 (Papin, La Vie et les ouvrages de Denis Papin (1894), Vol. 8, 280–2 = Leibniz, Huygens & others, Leibnizens und Huygens’ Briefwechsel mit Papin (1881), 378–80); and letter of Drost von Zeuner to Leibniz, 29 September 1707 (Papin, La Vie et les ouvrages de Denis Papin (1894), Vol. 8, 294 = Leibniz, Huygens & others, Leibnizens und Huygens’ Briefwechsel mit Papin (1881), 385): ‘sa petite machine d’un vaisseau à roues’; Leibniz to Sloane, quoted in Tönsmann, ‘Wasserbauten und Schifffahrt in Hessen’ (2009), 99. 52. The myth originates with Figuier, Exposition et histoire (1851), Vol. 3, 70–106, 419–32 (which becomes Vol. 1 in later editions). Gerland, ‘Das sogenannte Dampfschiff Papin’s’ (1880) gets the facts right. The false story continues to be told (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Papin, accessed 3 June 2014); see also Gerth, ‘Der Dampfkochtopf = Digestor – Eine Erzählung’ (1987); and above, note 40. http://www.schillerinstitute.org/educ/pedagogy/steam_ engine.html for the conspiracy. 53. Smith, ‘A New Way of Raising Water by Fire’ (1998), 169–77. 54. cf. Leibniz to Papin, 24 or 27 June 1699 (Papin, La Vie et les ouvrages de Denis Papin (1894), Vol. 8, 101–2, 303–4 = Leibniz, Huygens & others, Leibnizens und Huygens’ Briefwechsel mit Papin (1881), 248–9); Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (1992), 14–15; Boas Hall, Promoting Experimental Learning (1991), 122; and Heilbron, Physics at the Royal Society (1983), esp. 14, 21, 31, 43. 55.

…

Cohen, ‘Roemer and the First Determination of the Velocity of Light (1676)’ (1940); Van Helden, ‘Roemer’s Speed of Light’ (1983); Kristensen & Pedersen, ‘Roemer, Jupiter’s Satellites and the Velocity of Light’ (2012). 16. The figures in the first table are from Boyer, ‘Early Estimates of the Velocity of Light’ (1941), and in the second from Fowles, Introduction to Modern Optics (1989), 6 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light#First_measurement_attempts (accessed 8 December 2014). See also MacKay & Oldford, ‘Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light’ (2000). 17. Hasok Chang avoids the word ‘competition’, preferring ‘epistemic iteration’: Chang, Inventing Temperature (2004), 44–8, 212–17, 226–31. 18.

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Selfie: How We Became So Self-Obsessed and What It's Doing to Us
by Will Storr
Published 14 Jun 2017

‘legitimated calls for corporate deregulation’: From Counterculture to Cyberculture, Fred Turner (University of Chicago Press, 2006), p. 216. Between 2006 and 2008, Facebook’s user base: Status Update, Alice E. Marwick (Yale University Press, 2014), p. 2. Twitter went from hosting: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter. the average cost of a one-bedroom apartment was 23 per cent: ‘Golden gates’, The Economist, 5 November 2015. One, the Negev, had been reported: ‘SRO tenants’ tales tell scary story’, Jessica Kwong, San Francisco Examiner, 21 November 2014. Meanwhile, Chez JJ, in the Castro: ‘An SF Hacker Hostel Faces the Real World and Loses’, Davey Alba, Wired, 22 August 2015.

Pragmatic.Programming.Erlang.Jul.2007
by Unknown

Most of my makefiles are extremely simple, and I have a simple template that solves most of my needs. I’m not going to explain makefiles in general.2 Instead, I’ll show the form that I find useful for compiling Erlang programs. In particular, we’ll look at the makefiles accompanying this book, so you’ll be able to understand them and build your own makefiles. 2. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make for a description of makefiles. 127 A UTOMATING C OMPILATION WITH M AKEFILES A Makefile Template Here’s the template that I base most of my makefiles on: Download Makefile.template # leave these lines alone .SUFFIXES: .erl .beam .yrl .erl.beam: erlc -W $< .yrl.erl: erlc -W $< ERL = erl -boot start_clean # Here's a list of the erlang modules you want compiling # If the modules don't fit onto one line add a \ character # to the end of the line and continue on the next line # Edit the lines below MODS = module1 module2 \ module3 ... special1 ...\ ... moduleN # The first target in any makefile is the default target. # If you just type "make" then "make all" is assumed (because # "all" is the first target in this makefile) all: compile compile: ${MODS:%=%.beam} subdirs ## special compilation requirements are added here special1.beam: special1.erl ${ERL} -Dflag1 -W0 special1.erl ## run an application from the makefile application1: compile ${ERL} -pa Dir1 -s application1 start Arg1 Arg2 # the subdirs target compiles any code in # sub-directories subdirs: cd dir1; make cd dir2; make ... 128 A UTOMATING C OMPILATION WITH M AKEFILES # remove all the code clean: rm -rf *.beam erl_crash.dump cd dir1; make clean cd dir2; make clean The makefile starts with some rules to compile Erlang modules and files with the extension .yrl (these are files containing parser definitions for the Erlang parser generator program3 ).

pages: 742 words: 137,937

The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Work of Human Experts
by Richard Susskind and Daniel Susskind
Published 24 Aug 2015

<http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~nachumd/ComputationalHumanities.html > (accessed 7 March 2015). 119 <http://www.beliefnet.com/Online-Media-Kit/Company-Profile.aspx> (accessed 7 March 2015). 120 <http://www.patheos.com/About-Patheos/Advertising.html> (accessed 7 March 2015). 121 Susan Elizabeth Prill, ‘Sikhi through Internet, Films and Videos’, in The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies, ed. Singh and Fenech. 122 e.g. <http://www.plumline.org>. 123 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangat_(term)> (accessed 7 March 2015). 124 Jennifer Preston, ‘Facebook Page for Jesus, With Highly Active Fans’, New York Times, 4 Sept. 2011 <http://www.nytimes.com> (accessed 27 March 2015). 125 Douglas E. Cowan and Jeffrey K. Hadden, ‘Virtually Religious: New Religious Movements and the World Wide Web’ in The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, ed.

pages: 566 words: 153,259

The Panic Virus: The True Story Behind the Vaccine-Autism Controversy
by Seth Mnookin
Published 3 Jan 2012

CHAPTER 16: COGNITIVE BIASES AND AVAILABILITY CASCADES PAGE 192 Lehrer describes a patient named Elliot: Jonah Lehrer, How We Decide (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009), 13–18. 193 just two of literally dozens of cognitive biases: For a list of commonly accepted cognitive biases and a brief definition of each, see: “List of cognitive biases,” Wikipedia, n.d., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases. 196 Vicky Debold says she was motivated: Vicky Debold, interview with author, July 28, 2009. 196 Theresa Cedillo was enticed by the prospect: Transcript of record, Cedillo v. Sec’y of Health and Human Services, 39–42, 252–53. 196 “I looked out at an audience”: Jane Johnson, interview with author, May 4, 2009. 196 “This is the federal government giving every kid”: Jane Johnson, interview with author, April 22, 2010. 196 “You wouldn’t be saying and doing”: Vicky Debold, interview with author, July 28, 2009. 196 a concept that was first articulated in a 1999 paper: Timur Kuran and Cass R.

pages: 483 words: 134,377

The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor
by William Easterly
Published 4 Mar 2014

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), The Basis of a Development Program for Colombia, Report of the Mission to Colombia, headed by Lauchlin Currie (Washington DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1950). 3. Roger J. Sandilands, The Life and Political Economy of Lauchlin Currie: New Dealer, Presidential Adviser, and Development Economist (Durham NC: Duke University Press, 1990), 162 4. IBRD, Development Program for Colombia, 2. 5. Ibid., 5. 6. Ibid., 615. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid. 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Bill_of_Rights, accessed August 23, 2013. 10. Sandilands, Lauchlin Currie, 168–69. 11. David Bushnell, The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993), 202. 12. Frank Safford and Marco Palacios, Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 348. 13.

How I Became a Quant: Insights From 25 of Wall Street's Elite
by Richard R. Lindsey and Barry Schachter
Published 30 Jun 2007

See the video at http://www.deltawerken.com/The-Oosterschelde-storm-surgebarrier/324.html. This is one of the premier flood control projects in the world and particularly instructive when compared with the misplaced concrete slabs in New Orleans. 3. I was the more junior of two “coleaders” on this. The big dog was one of the grand old men of the Cold War, Bruno Augenstein (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno Augenstein), who was widely credited as the architect of the ICBM, and the man, who in his DoD days, signed the first check to develop the SR-71 Blackbird. He had some fine, if spooky, tales to tell. 4. LISP was the favored computer language of the artificial intelligentsia. 5. Steven was a real nice guy who gave a lot of parties.

Nagios: System and Network Monitoring
by Wolfgang Barth
Published 25 May 2006

The line only_from, as an equivalent to the nsca.cfg parameter allowed_hosts, takes in all the IP addresses, separated by spaces, from which the NSCA may be addressed. Distributions that include NSCA as a ﬁnished package and install xinetd by default, include a ready-to-use xinetd conﬁguration ﬁle, where you only need to adjust this last parameter. 5 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOKI97 Rijndael-128: 14; Rijndael-192: 15; Rijndael-256: 16 251 14 The Nagios Service Check Acceptor (NSCA) In order for the new conﬁguration to become effective, the xinetd init script is run with the reload argument: linux:˜ # /etc/init.d/xinetd reload inetd conﬁguration If the standard inetd command is run, the following line is added (line-wrapped for the printed version) in the conﬁguration ﬁle /etc/inetd.conf: nsca stream tcp nowait nagios /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/sbin/nsca -c /etc/nagios/nsca.cfg --inetd If you want to leave out the TCP wrapper tcpd, you just omit the string /usr/sbin/ tcpd.

pages: 560 words: 135,629

Eloquent JavaScript: A Modern Introduction to Programming
by Marijn Haverbeke
Published 15 Nov 2018

It is available in the coding sandbox for this chapter (https://eloquentjavascript.net/code#5) as the SCRIPTS binding. The binding contains an array of objects, each of which describes a script. { name: "Coptic", ranges: [[994, 1008], [11392, 11508], [11513, 11520]], direction: "ltr", year: -200, living: false, link: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" } Such an object tells us the name of the script, the Unicode ranges assigned to it, the direction in which it is written, the (approximate) origin time, whether it is still in use, and a link to more information. The direction may be "ltr" for left to right, "rtl" for right to left (the way Arabic and Hebrew text are written), or "ttb" for top to bottom (as with Mongolian writing).

pages: 573 words: 142,376

Whole Earth: The Many Lives of Stewart Brand
by John Markoff
Published 22 Mar 2022

BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 18 Crook, “Spreading the Silicon Gospel.” BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 19 Katie Hafner, The Well: A Story of Love, Death & Real Life in the Seminal Online Community (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2001), 9. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 21 John Markoff, “Whole Earth State-of-the-Art Rapping,” New York Times, August 15, 1989, A14. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 22 Ken Kelley, “The Interview: Whole Earthling and Software Savant Stewart Brand,” SF Focus, February 1985, 76.

pages: 478 words: 142,608

The God Delusion
by Richard Dawkins
Published 12 Sep 2006

Also Silver (2006), which arrived when this book was in final proof, too late to be discussed as fully as I would have liked. 125 For an interesting analysis of what makes Texas different in this respect, see http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/execution/readings/texas.html. 126 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karla_Faye_Tucker. 127 These Randall Terry quotes are from the same American Taliban site as before: http://adultthought.ucsd.edu/Culture_War/The_American_Taliban.html. 128 Reported on Fox news: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,96286,00.html. 129 M. Stamp Dawkins (1980). The Great Beethoven Fallacy 130 http://www.warroom.com/ethical.htm. 131 Medawar and Medawar (1977).

Elixir in Action
by Saša Jurić
Published 30 Jan 2019

You need to detect the change in the cluster (which is possible, as will be explained a bit later) and migrate all data to different nodes according to new mapping rules. While this data is being migrated, you’ll probably want to keep the service running, which will introduce another layer of complexity. The amount of data that needs to be migrated can be greatly reduced if you use some form of consistent hashing (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent_ hashing) — a smarter mapping of keys to nodes that’s more resilient to changes in the cluster. It’s obvious that the implementation can quickly become more involved, which is why you started simple and chose the global registration approach. Although it’s not particularly scalable, it’s a simple solution that works.

pages: 611 words: 130,419

Narrative Economics: How Stories Go Viral and Drive Major Economic Events
by Robert J. Shiller
Published 14 Oct 2019

Chapter 5: The Laffer Curve and Rubik’s Cube Go Viral 1. Shiller, 1995. 2. Litman, 1983. 3. Jack Valenti, in a speech “Motion Pictures and Their Impact on Society in the Year 2001” (April 25, 1978), quoted in Litman, 1983, p. 159. 4. Goldman, 2012, location 695. 5. For lists of exceptional one-hit wonders, see Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-hit_wonder. 6. “[A tax] may obstruct the industry of the people, and discourage them from applying to certain branches of business which might give maintenance and employment to great multitudes.” Smith, 1869, p. 416. 7. Cheney was as of 1978 soon to be White House chief of staff, later secretary of defense and vice president of the United States. 8.

pages: 506 words: 133,134

The Lonely Century: How Isolation Imperils Our Future
by Noreena Hertz
Published 13 May 2020

Hall, ‘The politics of social status: economic and cultural roots of the populist right’. 44 The appeal to community is particularly enticing; see Seymour Martin Lipset, ‘Democracy and Working-Class Authoritarianism’, American Sociological Review 24, no. 4 (1959), 482–501, https://doi.org/10.2307/2089536. 45 ‘List of post-election Donald Trump rallies’, Wikipedia, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies. 46 Compared to Obama’s midterm rallies, which were (anecdotally) much less outfit-coordinated, far more people were in street clothes rather than Democratic gear. See Katy Tur, ‘Why Barack Obama’s Rallies Feel so Different from Donald Trump’s’, NBC News, 5 November 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/what-i-learned-last-weekend-s-rallies-donald-trump-barack-n931576. 47 Claude Brodesser-Akner, ‘I Went to a Trump Rally Last Night and Mingled with the Crowd.

Machine Learning Design Patterns: Solutions to Common Challenges in Data Preparation, Model Building, and MLOps
by Valliappa Lakshmanan , Sara Robinson and Michael Munn
Published 31 Oct 2020

Moreover, this counter needs to be over a rotating time period of 24 hours. We can do this using a distributed data processing framework that can maintain state. Enter Apache Beam. Invoking an ML model to identify mentions of a celebrity and tying them to a canonical knowledge graph (so that a mention of Obama and a mention of President Obama both tie to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) from Apache Beam can be accomplished using the following (see this notebook in GitHub for complete code): | beam.Map(lambda x : nlp.Document(x, type='PLAIN_TEXT')) | nlp.AnnotateText(features) | beam.Map(parse_nlp_result) where parse_nlp_result parses the JSON request that goes through the AnnotateText transform which, beneath the covers, invokes an NLP API.

pages: 543 words: 143,135

Air Crashes and Miracle Landings: 60 Narratives
by Christopher Bartlett
Published 11 Apr 2010

[114] The Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) uses the same data as the radio-altimeter, namely a calculation of the height determined by bouncing a radio wave off the ground or sea below. [115] A flight level (FL) is the height in hundreds of feet when the altimeter is set for the standard mean sea level pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury regardless of conditions. Thus, flight level 200 represents 20,000 ft. [116] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicta_Boelcke. [English, Dave [2003]. The Air Up There, 62. ISBN 0071410368] [117] One of the Boelcke principles was to get in close before opening fire—firstly so as not to warn them and secondly so as not to use up one’s (in those days) very limited supply of ammunition. [118] http://www.pilotfriend.com/century-of-flight/index.htm [119] Who Killed The Red Baron?

pages: 523 words: 148,929

Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100
by Michio Kaku
Published 15 Mar 2011

A3. 4 Physicist Freeman Dyson has narrowed down some experimental technologies: Dyson, pp. 88–99. 5 “For transmission lines”: Katherine Bourzac, “Making Carbon Nanotubes into Long Fibers,” Technology Review, November 10, 2009, www.technologyreview.com/energy/23921/. 6 Initially, the task was so difficult that no one won the prize: BBC-TV, November 5, 2009. 7 But finally, in May 2010, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaros. 8 “For me, Orion … 2,000 bombs”: Nicholas Dawidoff, “The Civil Heretic,” New York Times, March 25, 2009, www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/magazine/29Dyson-t.html?pagewanted=7&_r=1. 9 “The exploration of the solar system”: Vint Cerf, “One Is Glad to Be of Service,” in Denning, pp. 229–30. 10 In 2007 and 2009, the Air Force released position papers detailing: Scott A.

pages: 487 words: 151,810

The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement
by David Brooks
Published 8 Mar 2011

Dubner, “This Is Your Brain on Prosperity,” New York Times, January 9, 2009, http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/09/this-is-your-brain-on-prosperity-andrew-lo-on-fear-greed-and-crisis-management/. 13 Daniel Gilbert of Harvard Gilbert, 180. 14 incompetent people exaggerate Erica Goode, “Among the Inept, Researchers Discover, Ignorance Is Bliss,” New York Times, January 18, 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/18/health/among-the-inept-researchers-discover-ignorance-is-bliss.html. 15 the more sectors they entered Jerry Z. Muller, “Our Epistemological Depression,” The American, February 29, 2009, http://www.american.com/archive/2009/february-2009/our-epistemological-depression. 16 BPR “escalates the efforts” “Business Processing Reengineering,” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_reengineering. 17 John Maynard Keynes John Maynard Keyes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (New York: Classic Books America, 2009), 331. 18 “If the better elements” Plato, Phaedrus, trans. Alexander Nehamas and Paul Woodruff (New York: Hackett, 1995), 44. 19 In this scientific age Francis Bacon, “Preface to the Novum Organum,” in Prefaces and Prologues, vol. 34, ed.

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The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves
by Matt Ridley
Published 17 May 2010

p. 236 ‘in Adam Smith’s words’. The Wealth of Nations. p. 236 ‘the average person on the planet consumes power at the rate of about 2,500 watts’. A watt is a joule per second. A calorie is 4.184 joules. The figures of energy consumption in watts per capita come from the International Energy Agency. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image: Energy_consumption_versus_GDP.png. p. 236 ‘it would take 150 slaves’. By the way, twice as much energy is wasted turning grain into bicycle-cargo motion as is wasted turning oil into truck-cargo motion: or sixteen times as much if the grain goes into the cyclist via a chicken.

The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution
by Richard Dawkins
Published 21 Sep 2009

p. 74 ‘eager to establish human contact’: Trut (1999), 163. p. 77 The so-called spider orchid: Some websites about these include http://www.arhomeandgarden.org/plantoftheweek/articles/orchid_red_ spider_8-29-08.htm, http://www.orchidflowerhq.com/Brassiacare.php, http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Brassia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassia. p. 78 it can be seen in the recording of the lecture called ‘The Ultraviolet Garden’: Available on the DVD Growing Up in the Universe from richard-dawkins.net. p. 79 Each species mixes a characteristic cocktail of substances gathered from various sources: Eltz et al. (2005). p. 81 I have discussed the cleaning habit elsewhere: Dawkins (2006), 186–7.

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The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism
by Jeremy Rifkin
Published 31 Mar 2014

“PatientsLikeMe Social Network Refutes Published Clinical Trial,” PatientsLikeMe, April 25, 2011, http://news.patientslikeme.com/press-release/patientslikeme-social-network-refutes-pub lished-clinical-trial (accessed June 20, 2013). 59. Ibid. 60. Frydman, “Patient-Driven Research.” 61. “Wikipedians,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedians (accessed June 18, 2013). 62. Dan Hoch and Tom Ferguson, “What I’ve Learned from E-Patients,” PLOS Medicine 2(8) (2005), http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020206 (accessed June 19, 2013). 63. Ibid. 64. Ibid. 65.

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Lemon Tree: An Arab, a Jew, and the Heart of the Middle East
by Sandy Tolan
Published 1 Jan 2006

"Israel 1948-1967: Why Was King Abdullah of Jordan Assassinated in 1951?" Palestine Facts, http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1948tol967_abdulla.php. "Israeli Army Blows Up Palestinian Broadcasting Center." CNN. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/01/18/mideast.violence. "Israeli West Bank Barrier." Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_West_ Bank_barrier. "Israel Sends Letter to UN Protesting Hezbollah Attack." Ha'aretz. http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=436197&contrassID= 13. "John Kerry: Strengthening Israel's Security." Jewish Virtual Library. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/kerryisrael.html.

pages: 660 words: 141,595

Data Science for Business: What You Need to Know About Data Mining and Data-Analytic Thinking
by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett
Published 30 Jun 2013

Working Paper, NYU Stern. Available: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2294077. WEKA (2001). Weka machine learning software. Available: http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/index.html. Wikipedia (2012). Determining the number of clusters in a data set. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_number_of_clusters_in_a_data_set [Online; accessed 14-February-2013]. Wilcoxon, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1(6), 80–83. Available: http://sci2s.ugr.es/keel/pdf/algorithm/articulo/wilcoxon1945.pdf. Winterberry Group (2010).

pages: 577 words: 149,554

The Problem of Political Authority: An Examination of the Right to Coerce and the Duty to Obey
by Michael Huemer
Published 29 Oct 2012

Bremer notes that, after controlling for other factors, the effect of militarization is minimal. 54 U.S. Central Intelligence Agency 2011. Wikipedia lists an additional five nations with ‘no standing army but ... limited military forces’: Haiti, Iceland, Mauritius, Monaco, and Panama (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_without_armed_forces; accessed 28 September 2011), all of which the CIA lists as having ‘no regular military forces’. 55 U.S. Department of State 2011. 56 U.S. Central Intelligence Agency 2011. 57 U.S. Department of Defense 2010; Canadian Department of National Defence 2011. 58 All data on terrorist fatalities is from the RAND Corporation (2011). 59 Disaster Center 2011a.

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The Pandemic Century: One Hundred Years of Panic, Hysteria, and Hubris
by Mark Honigsbaum
Published 8 Apr 2019

After a lengthy investigation the FBI concluded the attacks had been perpetrated by a disgruntled microbiologist at the US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases at Fort Detrick, Maryland, who had committed suicide shortly before he was due to be arrested. However, the National Academy of Sciences subsequently cast doubt on the agency’s findings, accessed February 19, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks. 255 Tsang explained: Abraham, Twenty-First Century Plague, 73. 256 first official SARS patient: David L. Heymann and Guenael Rodier, “SARS: Lessons from a New Disease,” in S. Kobler et al., eds., Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak: Workshop Summary (Washington, DC: National Academies Press [US], 2004). 256 in the hospital’s history: “How a Deadly Disease Came to Canada,” The Globe and Mail, accessed February 4, 2017, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/how-a-deadly-disease-came-to-canada/article1159487/. 258 “produced the same effect”: Abraham, Twenty-First Century Plague, 111. 258 Chan’s clearly was: At that time, a suspect case of SARS was defined as anyone exhibiting fever, cough, or shortness of breath and who had had close contact with a suspect or probable case or who had recently been in an area where transmission had occurred.

Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare
by Thomas Rid

Jeanne Whalen, “Website Shines Spotlight on Leaks from WikiLeaks,” The Wall Street Journal, October 27, 2010, p. 12. 8. Manning later changed gender, and took the first name Chelsea. 9. See Charlie Savage, “Was Snowden a Russian Agent?” New York Review of Books, February 9, 2017. 10. For implementation dates, see “SecureDrop,” Wikipedia, https://web.archive.org/web/20190107195518/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SecureDrop 11. Bruce Schneier, “The U.S. Intelligence Community Has a Third Leaker,” Schneier on Security, August 7, 2014. 12. Jacob Appelbaum, Holger Stark, Marcel Rosenbach, and Jörg Schindler, “Merkel beschwert sich bei Obama,” Der Spiegel, October 23, 2013. 13. Marcel Rosenbach, conversation with Thomas Rid, May 8, 2017. 14.

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Track Changes
by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum
Published 1 May 2016

Beeching, Century of the Typewriter (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1974), 267. 2. Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011), 60. 3. Fred Moore, Homebrew Computer Club invitation addressed to Steve Dompier (February 17, 1975), uploaded on Wikipedia by Gotanero, November 12, 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club#mediaviewer/File:Invitation_to_First_Homebrew_Computer_Club_meeting.jpg. 4. Copies of von Neumann’s famous “First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC,” dated June 30, 1945, are easily found online. For a discussion of the considerations around attributing the stored program concept to von Neumann alone, see Paul E.

pages: 590 words: 152,595

Army of None: Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War
by Paul Scharre
Published 23 Apr 2018

OpenDocument. 343 “attack or bombardment”: Regulations: Article 25, Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, October 18, 1907, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=D1C251B17210CE8DC12563CD0051678F. 343 “the bomber will always get through”: “The bomber will always get through,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_bomber_will_always_get_through. 344 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: “Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT),” United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/text, accessed June 19, 2017. 344 Chemical Weapons Convention: “Chemical Weapons Convention,” Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/, accessed June 19, 2017. 344 INF Treaty: “Treaty Between the United States of American and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles.” 344 START: “Treaty Between the United States of American and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms,” U.S.

pages: 543 words: 153,550

Model Thinker: What You Need to Know to Make Data Work for You
by Scott E. Page
Published 27 Nov 2018

See Downing et al. 2006 for data. 12 On a balanced roulette wheel, all pockets have equal likelihood. If the table has any slant, then the ball will more likely fall off the outer edge as it heads uphill. For an account of how J. Doyne Farmer, Norman Packard, and friends constructed a wearable computer to exploit this phenomenon and beat roulette, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudaemons. 13 After N bets, the expected value of this random walk equals Given that the probability of winning is approximately , we can write the standard deviation of the value as The exact value equals 14 Peel and Clauset (2015) model each game as a single sequence and find that the sequences of scores exhibit anti-persistence: the team that scored last is less likely to score next.

pages: 470 words: 148,730

Good Economics for Hard Times: Better Answers to Our Biggest Problems
by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo
Published 12 Nov 2019

Romer, “Endogenous Technological Change,” Journal of Political Economy 98, no. 5, part 2 (1990): S71–S102, https://doi.org/10.1086/261725. 49 Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt, “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction,” Econometrica 60, no. 2 (1992): 323–51. 50 The Wikipedia entry for Schumpeter reads thus: “Schumpeter claimed that he had set himself three goals in life: to be the greatest economist in the world, to be the best horseman in all of Austria and the greatest lover in all of Vienna. He said he had reached two of his goals, but he never said which two, although he is reported to have said that there were too many fine horsemen in Austria for him to succeed in all his aspirations.” See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter. 51 Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt, “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction,” Econometrica 60, no. 2 (1992): 323–51. 52 ‘Real GDP Growth,” US Budget and Economy, http://usbudget.blog spot.fr/2009/02/real-gdp-growth.html. 53 David Leonardt, “Do Tax Cuts Lead to Economic Growth?

Mastering Blockchain, Second Edition
by Imran Bashir
Published 28 Mar 2018

For this purpose, the curl tool can be used. Curl is available at https://curl.haxx.se/. Some examples are shown here to familiarize you with the POST request and show how to make POST requests using curl. POST is request method supported by HTTP. You can read more about POST here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POST_(HTTP) Before using the JSONRPC interface over HTTP, the geth client should be started up with appropriate switches, as shown here: --rpcapi web3 This switch will enable the web3 interface over HTTP. The Linux command, curl, can be used for the purpose of communicating over HTTP, as shown here in the example.

Spies, Lies, and Algorithms: The History and Future of American Intelligence
by Amy B. Zegart
Published 6 Nov 2021

Weintraub, MacArthur’s War, 197. 34. Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow. 35. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, “Extensional versus Intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgement,” Psychological Review 90, no. 4 (October 1983): 293–315. 36. “List of cognitive biases,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases (accessed April 26, 2021). 37. Charles G. Lord, Lee Ross, and Mark R. Lepper, “Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, no. 11 (1979): 2098–109. 38.

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The Cryptopians: Idealism, Greed, Lies, and the Making of the First Big Cryptocurrency Craze
by Laura Shin
Published 22 Feb 2022

@Spoetnik, “[ETH] Ethereum = Scam,” BitcoinTalk, July 23, 2014, https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=707237.0. 10. @GameKyuubi, “I AM HODLING,” BitcoinTalk, December 18, 2013, https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=375643.0. 11. Via LocalBitcoins.com. 12. “Mittweida,” Wikipedia, accessed March 8, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittweida#cite_note-1. 13. Gavin Wood (@gavofyork), “Initial commit, Ethereum / yellowpaper,” GitHub, April 2, 2014, https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper/commit/0d0d23301d077bbdab5cafae6ab06001e282fae2. 14. Gavin chose yellow because it “seemed like a reasonable choice after white.” 15.

pages: 515 words: 152,128

Material World: A Substantial Story of Our Past and Future
by Ed Conway
Published 15 Jun 2023

sref=n6On5IIq ; Adam Taylor, ‘Finally, China Manufactures a Ballpoint Pen All by Itself’, Washington Post , 18 January 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/18/finally-china-manufactures-a-ballpoint-pen-all-by-itself/ . 18 Kim Browne, ‘“Ghost Battleships” of the Pacific: Metal Pirates, WWII Heritage, and Environmental Protection’, Journal of Maritime Archaeology 14/1 (April 2019): pp. 1–28. 9. The Last Blast 1 M. Grant Norton, Ten Materials that Shaped Our World (Springer, 2021). 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarryPageWoodward . 3 William Finnegan, ‘The Miner’s Daughter’, New Yorker , 18 March 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/03/25/the-miners-daughter . 4 The Splash , ABC (undated), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdXonJowDT0 . 5 David Lee, ‘The Ghost of Lang Hancock’, Inside Story , 19 August 2020, https://insidestory.org.au/the-ghost-of-lang-hancock/ ; Australian Dictionary of National Biography , https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hancock-langley-frederick-lang-17492 . 6 This account is based upon various submissions provided to the Juukan Gorge inquiry by the Australian Parliament, including those from Rio Tinto and the PKKP, the organisation representing the Puutu Kunti Kurrama people, as well as the interim and final reports. 7 Rio Tinto Supplementary Responses to Questions, Inquiry into the destruction of 46,000 year old caves at the Juukan Gorge in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, Submission, 20 August 2020. 8 ‘World Steel in Figures 2022’, World Steel Association, 2022. 9 Stefan Pauliuk et al., ‘The Steel Scrap Age’, Environmental Science & Technology 47/7 (2 April 2013): pp. 3448–54. 10 Allwood and Cullen, Sustainable Materials . 10.

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At the Existentialist Café: Freedom, Being, and Apricot Cocktails With Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone De Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Others
by Sarah Bakewell
Published 1 Mar 2016

Fritz was born in 1894. 8 Bells: Heidegger, ‘Vom Geheimnis des Glockenturms’, in his GA, 13 (Aus der Erfahrung des Denkens, 113–16); also see Heidegger, ‘The Pathway’, in Sheehan (ed.), Heidegger: the man and the thinker, 69–72, this 71; and Safranski, Martin Heidegger, 7. For other early memories, see Heidegger, ‘My Way to Phenomenology’, tr. Stambaugh, in On Time and Being, 74–82. 9 Cooper: the list is from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper_(profession). 10 Collecting wood, etc.: Heidegger, ‘The Pathway’, in Sheehan (ed.), Heidegger: the man and the thinker, 69–72, this 69. 11 Glass globe, etc.: Heidegger, Letters to his Wife, 5 (13 Dec. 1915). 12 Path and bench: Heidegger, ‘The Pathway’, in Sheehan (ed.), Heidegger: the man and the thinker, 69–72, this 69. 13 Meeting people’s eyes: Löwith, My Life in Germany, 45. 14 ‘Martin?’

pages: 2,054 words: 359,149

The Art of Software Security Assessment: Identifying and Preventing Software Vulnerabilities
by Justin Schuh
Published 20 Nov 2006

* * * Note GECOS actually stands for “General Electric Comprehensive Operating System,” which was an old OS originally implemented by General Electric, and shortly renamed thereafter to GCOS. The GECOS field in the password file was added in early UNIX systems to contain ID information needed to use services exposed by GCOS systems. For a more detailed history of GECOS, consult the wikipedia entry at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GECOS. * * * Each user also has a home directory defined in the password file (/home/bob in this case), which is usually a directory that’s totally under the user’s control. Finally, each user also has a default shell, which is the command-line interface program that runs when the user logs in.

…

Lower-level protocols such as the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) help machines map data-link layer addresses to IP addresses so that they can figure out how to talk to machines on the same subnet. ARP is an integral part of the TCP/IP suite, and interested readers are encouraged to read more about it at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol, or from RFC 826 (www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0826.txt?number=826). A typical IP machine has one active interface—one connection to a network. Machines that form the routing infrastructure of IP networks have more than one interface and are responsible for routing packets between their interfaces.

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Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
Published 20 Mar 2012

North of the fence: Nogales, Arizona Jim West/imagebroker.net/Photolibrary South of the fence: Nogales, Sonora Jim West/age fotostock/Photolibrary Consequences of a level playing field: Thomas Edison’s 1880 patent for the lightbulb Records of the Patent and Trademark Office; Record Group 241; National Archives Economic losers from creative destruction: machine-breaking Luddites in early-nineteenth-century Britain Mary Evans Picture Library/Tom Morgan Consequences of a complete lack of political centralization in Somalia REUTERS/Mohamed Guled/Landov Successive beneficiaries of extractive institutions in Congo: King of Kongo © CORBIS King Leopold II The Granger Collection, NY Joseph-Désiré Mobutu © Richard Melloul/Sygma/CORBIS Laurent Kabila © Reuters/CORBIS The Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange is read the Bill of Rights before being offered the crown of England by parliament After Edgar Melville Ward/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images The bubonic plague of the fourteenth century creates a critical juncture (The Triumph of Death painting of the Black Death by Brueghel the Elder) The Granger Collection, NY Beneficiary of institutional innovation: the King of Kuba Eliot Elisofon/Time & Life Pictures/Getty The emergence of hierarchy and inequality before farming: the grave goods of the Natufian elite http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Natufian-Burial-ElWad.jpg Extractive growth: Soviet Gulag labor builds the White Sea canal SOVFOTO Britain falls far behind: the ruins of the Roman empire at Vindolanda Courtesy of the Vindolanda Trust and Adam Stanford Innovation, essence of inclusive economic growth: James Watt’s steam engine The Granger Collection, NY Organizational change, a consequence of inclusive institutions: the factory of Richard Arkwright at Cromford The Granger Collection, NY Fruits of unsustainable extractive growth: Zheng He’s ship alongside Columbus’s Santa Maria Gregory A.

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The Euro and the Battle of Ideas
by Markus K. Brunnermeier , Harold James and Jean-Pierre Landau
Published 3 Aug 2016

European Commission, “Commission Proposes New ECB Powers for Banking Supervision as Part of a Banking Union,” Press Release Ref IP/12/953, September 12, 2012. Last accessed January 15, 2016, from http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-953_en.htm. 7. Ibid. 8. For a nice timeline, see Wikipedia, “Single Supervisory Mechanism.” Last accessed January 4, 2016, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Supervisory_Mechanism. 9. In the United States, the ceiling for insured deposits had been raised in the financial crisis from $100,000 to $250,000 as a result of a calculation of the typical cash balances of small and medium-sized enterprises. 10. See “EU-Einlagensicherung in weiter Ferne,” FAZ, September 13, 2015.

pages: 592 words: 161,798

The Future of War
by Lawrence Freedman
Published 9 Oct 2017

William Gibson, Neuromancer (New York: Ace Books, 1984) 69. Science fiction writer Gibson is credited with introducing the word ‘cyberspace’, first in a 1982 short story and then in this novel. Wikipedia draws attention to other uses before Gibson’s, but they were not in a computer context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace. 2. Jean-Loup Samaan, ‘Cyber Command’, RUSI Journal 195.6 (2010): 16–21. 3. The first reference appears to have been: ‘Science: Push-Button War’, Time Magazine, 23 June 1947. 4. Thomas Rid, Rise of the Machines: A Cybernetic History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2016) 95–6. 5.

pages: 756 words: 167,393

The Tylenol Mafia
by Scott Bartz
Published 21 Sep 2011

Johnson, 1988. As chairman of the SWPC: Heath, Jim F., “American War Mobilization and the Use of Small Manufacturers, 1939-1943.” The Business History Review, Vol. 46, No. 3 (autumn, 1972), pp. 295-319. The ordnance plant: Sangamon Ordnance Plant. Wikipedia. Accessed May 28, 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangamon_Ordnance_Plant On May 4, 1943: Associated Press. “FDR Promotes 63 High Army Officers.” The San Antonio Light, May 5, 1943. During his time as chairman of the SWPC: Fowler, C. W. “History of the Administrative Policies of the Smaller War Plants Corporation.” Histories of the Smaller War Plants Corporation, 150-54 “champion of civilian economy to a large degree”: Associated Press.

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Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies
by Nick Bostrom
Published 3 Jun 2014

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (12): 6578–83. Wiener, Norbert. 1960. “Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation.” Science 131 (3410): 1355–8. Wikipedia. 2012a, s.v. “Computer Bridge.” Retrieved June 30, 2013. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bridge. Wikipedia. 2012b, s.v. “Supercomputer.” Retrieved June 30, 2013. Available at http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superarvuti. Williams, George C. 1966. Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought. Princeton Science Library. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

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To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism
by Evgeny Morozov
Published 15 Nov 2013

(New York: Portfolio Hardcover, 2008), 46; and Beth Simone Noveck, Wiki Government: How Technology Can Make Government Better, Democracy Stronger, and Citizens More Powerful (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2009), 44. 30 “The bureaucracy of Wikipedia”: Kevin Kelly, “The Collaborative Community,” in What Have You Changed Your Mind About?: Today’s Leading Minds Rethink Everything, ed. John Brockman (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), 177. 30 “everything I knew about the structure of information”: ibid., 176. 30 “the Republic of Macedonia and the Province of Macedonia, Greece”: see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:MOSMAC. 30 Its bureaucracy is anything but small: I discuss the issue of Wikipedia bureaucracy in more detail in “The Battle for Wikipedia’s Soul,” The Economist, March 6, 2008. 31 Zittrain’s is a very elegant and pithy theory: Zittrain’s theory is laid out in Jonathan Zittrain, The Future of the Internet—and How to Stop It (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009). 34 “Theo . . .

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The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood
by James Gleick
Published 1 Mar 2011

♦ “A PLAN ENTIRELY NEW”: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3rd edition, title page; cf. Richard Yeo, Encyclopædic Visions: Scientific Dictionaries and Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 181. ♦ “MANY TOPICS ARE BASED ON THE RELATIONSHIP”: “Wikipedia: What Wikipedia Is Not,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not (accessed 3 August 2008). ♦ “HE READ FOR METAPHYSICS”: Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers, chapter 51. ♦ “I BEGAN STANDING WITH MY COMPUTER OPEN”: Nicholson Baker, “The Charms of Wikipedia.” ♦ “A HAMADRYAD IS A WOOD-NYMPH”: John Banville, The Infinities (London: Picador, 2009), 178

The Rough Guide to Jerusalem
by Daniel Jacobs
Published 10 Jan 2000

The most useful connections are shown in the box opposite. Egged do not currently publish information on Jerusalem city bus routes in 01 Jerusalem Basics 17-44.indd 24 English, largely because many routes have been diverted due to the construction of the new tramway (see opposite); a full list of routes can nonethless be found at W en .wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_egged_bus_lines, but note that these are subject to change. Palestinian buses One or two independent Palestinian bus operators run services to outer East Jerusalem, the most useful of which are: #36 from East Jerusalem Central Bus Station (also near the Damascus Gate) to Bethany and Abu Dis, via the Mount of Olives and Ras al-Amud; #75 from the Central Bus Station to Al-Tur; and #124 from the Central Bus Station 18/06/09 11:36 AM Egged bus connections To #1, #6 #1, #2 #6 #38 #1, #11, #15, #35 #10 #23, #26, #28 #17 #13, #17, #18, #20, #21, #23, #27, #39 #17 #27 #4, #11, #35 #19 #4a, #19 #17 #17, #18, #20, #21 #21, #102, #106 #6, #18 #21, #102, #103, #106 #4, #6, #18 #26 – to the Rachel checkpoint (for Bethlehem).

pages: 769 words: 169,096

Order Without Design: How Markets Shape Cities
by Alain Bertaud
Published 9 Nov 2018

The most damaging famines of Asia, in Bengal in 1943 and in China during the Great Leap Forward in 1961, were caused by government policy and subsequent inaction and had nothing to do with a decrease in agricultural land area. 21. I have assumed a uniform agricultural productivity in space, and therefore A is a horizontal line. 22. Among others, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy. 23. In China, the discontentment of farmers with the price given by local government for their land is the source of numerous protests. In India in 2006, the government of West Bengal used eminent domain to expropriate about 4 square kilometers of farmland to allow a private company to build a car factory.

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Gaza: An Inquest Into Its Martyrdom
by Norman Finkelstein
Published 9 Jan 2018

“I have been able to roam freely at the hospital and take the pictures that I wanted and talk to whomever I wanted. I can of course not say that I have been in every corner of the hospital, but concerning what I and [Dr.] Erik Fosse have seen, then none of us have seen that it is a command center for Hamas.” Norwegian surgeon Mads Gilbert, cited in en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital. 40. E-mail correspondence dated 15, 17 April 2015, forwarded by Dr. Roy from three of her contacts. 41. Hamas alleged that the Palestinian Authority provided Israel with targeting information collected via its agents in Gaza. Elhanan Miller, “Hamas: PA gave Israel nearly a third of its Gaza targets,” Times of Israel (5 February 2015). 42.

The Singularity Is Nearer: When We Merge with AI
by Ray Kurzweil
Published 25 Jun 2024

Keyes, “Physics of Digital Devices,” Reviews of Modern Physics 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 279–98, https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.61.279. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 208 “Wikipedia: Size Comparisons,” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, accessed April 28, 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_comparisons#Wikipedia. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 209 I describe in more detail the conversion of many physical goods into information technologies in chapter 6. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 210 K. Eric Drexler, Radical Abundance: How a Revolution in Nanotechnology Will Change Civilization (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013), 168–72.

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Cooking for Geeks
by Jeff Potter
Published 2 Aug 2010

See http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov and http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/. [a] While you’re unlikely to die from consuming the solanine content present in an average potato that’s gone green (~0.4 mg), it appears to be possible to give yourself a rather unpleasant digestive tract experience for the better part of a day. For a more thorough explanation, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanine. Here’s what I consider the essential kitchen items. We’ll cover each in turn. Bare Minimum Equipment Standard Kitchen Equipment Knives Cutting board Pots and pans Measuring cups and scales Spoons & co. Thermometer and timers Bar towels ← All that, plus...

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From eternity to here: the quest for the ultimate theory of time
by Sean M. Carroll
Published 15 Jan 2010

Halliwell, J. Pérez-Mercader, and W. H. Zurek, 1-29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Wiener, N. Cybernetics: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1961. Wikipedia contributors. “Time.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time (accessed January 6, 2009). Wright, E. L. “Errors in the Steady State and Quasi-SS Models” (2008). http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/stdystat.htm. Wu, C. S., Ambler, E., Hayward, R. W., Hoppes, D. D., and Hudson, R. P. “Experimental Test of Parity Non-conservation in Beta Decay.” Physical Review 105 (1957). 1413-15.

Evidence-Based Technical Analysis: Applying the Scientific Method and Statistical Inference to Trading Signals
by David Aronson
Published 1 Nov 2006

References to studies on dog breed behavior are found in footnote 7. 16. In a subsequent chapter it will be shown that in this case the uncertainty would be 10 times greater with 10 observations than with 1,000 if price changes conform to the normal distribution, but may be far more uncertain if they do not. 17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science. 18. Shermer, Why People Believe, 24. 19. Richards, Philosophy & Sociology of Science, 45. 20. B.L. Silver, The Ascent of Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 15. 21. Ibid., 14. 22. R.S. Percival, About Karl Popper, adapted from his PhD thesis, available at www.eeng.dcu.ie/~tkpw/intro_popper/intro_popper.html. 23.

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The Practice of Cloud System Administration: DevOps and SRE Practices for Web Services, Volume 2
by Thomas A. Limoncelli , Strata R. Chalup and Christina J. Hogan
Published 27 Aug 2014

Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA) web site (http://www.fema.gov/incident-command-system). The FEMA Emergency Management Institute publishes free self-study and other training materials (http://training.fema.gov/EMI/). A more approachable introduction is the Wikipedia article on ICS (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incident_command_system). 15.5.1 How It Works: Public Safety Arena When a public safety incident begins, the first order of business is to get organized, starting by figuring out who is going to be in charge. In an incident, the first qualified responder to arrive automatically becomes the Incident Commander (IC).

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Leonardo Da Vinci
by Walter Isaacson
Published 16 Oct 2017

According to Luke Syson, curator at the National Gallery of London and then the Metropolitan Museum of New York: “He started probably no more than 20 pictures in a career that lasted nearly half a century and only 15 surviving pictures are currently agreed to be entirely his, of which at least four are to some degree incomplete.” A running discussion of the changing expert attributions and disputes over Leonardo autograph paintings can be found at “List of Works by Leonardo da Vinci,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci. 17 Paris Ms. K, 2:1b; Notebooks/J. P. Richter, 1308. 1. CHILDHOOD 1 Alessandro Cecchi, “New Light on Leonardo’s Florentine Patrons,” in Bambach Master Draftsman, 123. 2 Nicholl, 20; Bramly, 37. The sun set in Florence on that date at 6:40 p.m. The “hour of the night” was usually counted from the bell ringing after vespers. 3 Francesco Cianchi, La Madre di Leonardo era una Schiava?

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Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity
by Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson
Published 15 May 2023

Limited improvements in Reddit and YouTube against hate speech are discussed in www.nytimes.com/2019/06/05/busi ness/youtube-remove-extremist-videos.html and https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/reddit-bans-hate-speech-groups-removes-2000-subreddits-donald-trump-1234692898, but also see https://time.com/6121915/reddit-international-hate-speech. Wikipedia’s arbitration procedures and bureaucratic structure are described in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration. On Facebook facilitating exports by small businesses, see Fergusson and Molina (forthcoming). Democracy Undermined When We Most Need It. “For, after all…” is from Orwell (1949, 92). Chapter 11: Redirecting Technology The importance of redirecting technology and some of the tax-subsidy schemes that might help in this effort are discussed in Acemoglu (2021).

pages: 593 words: 183,240

Slouching Towards Utopia: An Economic History of the Twentieth Century
by J. Bradford Delong
Published 6 Apr 2020

Smethurst, From Foot Soldier to Finance Minister: Takahashi Korekiyo, Japan’s Keynes, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007. 20. Kozo Yamamura, “Success Illgotten? The Role of Meiji Militarism in Japan’s Technological Progress,” Journal of Economic History 37, no. 1 (March 1977): 113–135. 21. Rudyard Kipling, “White Man’s Burden,” The Times, February 4, 1899, reprinted at Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Man%27s_Burden. 22. Joseph Schumpeter, “The Sociology of Imperialisms,” 1918, in Imperialism and Social Classes: Two Essays by Joseph Schumpeter, Cleveland: Meridian Books, 2007. 23. John Hobson, Imperialism: A Study, London: James Nisbet, 1902. 24. Norman Angell, Europe’s Optical Illusion, Hamilton, Kent, UK: Simpkin, Marshall, 1908. 5.

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The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World
by Anu Bradford
Published 14 Sep 2020

The GDP figures are the nominal GDP. 12.European Union, supra note 8; United States, supra note 11; China, supra note 11; India, CIA World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html (last visited Sept. 24, 2018) [https://perma.cc/CAR8-PYX9]. 13.Statistics Relating to Enlargement of the European Union, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_relating_to_enlargement_of_the_European_Union (last visited Sept. 24, 2018) [https://perma.cc/XFT5-XY3W]. 14.See Negotiations and Agreements, European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/negotiations-and-agreements/ (last visited Sept. 24, 2018) [https://perma.cc/F2Y9-YUGP]. 15.See generally Alberto Alesina & Enrico Spolaore, The Size of Nations (2003). 16.Bilateral trade between European Union (EU 28) and United States of America, ITC, https://www.trademap.org/Bilateral_TS.aspx?

The Secret World: A History of Intelligence
by Christopher Andrew
Published 27 Jun 2018

Ibid., 1.11.1–2; Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 14.5; Itinerarium Alexandri, 17; Pseudo-Callisthenes, 1.42. Flower, Seer in Ancient Greece, loc. 2340. 55. Cartledge, Alexander the Great, loc. 332. 56. Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 75. Flower, Seer in Ancient Greece, p. 129. 3 Intelligence and Divination in the Roman Republic 1. Livy, History of Rome, 6.41. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augur. 2. Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.1. Loeb translation: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cicero/de_Divinatione/1*.html. Ferguson, Greek and Roman Religion, p. 125. 3. Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.82–4 (see n. 2). The case for divination is put by Cicero’s Stoic brother in vol. 1 of Cicero’s two-volume philosophical treatise, written in 44 BC.

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Cassius Dio, Roman History, 62. Loeb translation: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/62*.html. 24. Tacitus, Annals, 14.32. Loeb translation: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/Annals/14B*.html. 25. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 62 (see n. 23). 26. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Claudius,_Colchester. 27. Hingley and Unwin, Boudica. 28. Sheldon, Intelligence Activities in Ancient Rome, p. 274, n. 62. 29. Bingham, Praetorian Guard, ch. 2. 30. Fuhrmann, Policing the Roman Empire, loc. 1499. 31. Historia Augusta: Hadrian, 11.4–6. Loeb translation: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Hadrian/1*.html. 32.

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The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature
by Steven Pinker
Published 10 Sep 2007

Tierney, “The Big City: You Could Look It Up,” New York Times, September 24, 1995. 20 Nisbett & Cohen, 1996. 21 Clark, 1996; Clark & Schunk, 1980; Francik & Clark, 1985; Gibbs, 1986; Searle, 1975. 22 Brown & Levinson, 1987b; Grice, 1975; Potts, 2005. 23 Brown & Levinson, 1987a; Clark & Schunk, 1980; Fraser, 1990; Holtgraves, 2002. 24 Holtgraves, 2002. 25 Holtgraves, 2002. 26 Pinker, 2002. 27 Kasher, 1977; Sampson, 1982. 28 Schelling, 1960, pp. 139—142. 29 Dawkins & Krebs, 1978. 30 Alan Dershowitz, presentation at a seminar On Indirect Speech at the Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, May 16, 2006; Harvey Silverglate, comments at the same seminar. 31 “Woman Is Found Guilty Of Bribery to Win a Vote for Rights Proposal,” New York Times, August 23, 1980; “Woman Convicted Of Vote Bribe Is Ordered to Do Public Service,” New York Times, November 8, 1980. 32 M. Langan, “The Language Of Diplomacy,” Boston Globe, April 19, 2001. 33 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council_Resolution_242#Semantic_dispute. 34 Max Bazerman, personal communication, April 11, 2006. 35 B. Feiler, “Pocketful Of Dough,” Gourmet, October 2000. 36 Fiske, 1992; Fiske, 2004; Haslam, 2004. For a similar theory designed to explain the development Of an individual’s personality, see Judith Harris’s No Two Alike: Human Nature and Human Individuality, 2006. 37 Dawkins, 1976/1989. 38 Tooby & Cosmides, 1996. 39 Daly, Salmon, & Wilson, 1997. 40 Ramachandran & Blakeslee, 1998; Wegner, 2002. 41 Fiske, 2004, p. 88. 42 Fiske & Tetlock, 1997; McGraw & Tetlock, 2005; Tetlock et al., 2000. 43 Dawkins, 1976/1989; Maynard Smith, 1988. 44 Schelling, 1960. 45 Provine, 1996. 46 Pinker, 1997b, chap. 8. 47 Cosmides & Tooby, 1992. 48 Sowell, 1980. 49 Fiske & Tetlock, 1997; McGraw & Tetlock, 2005; Tetlock et al., 2000. 50 Buss, 1994; Symons, 1979. 51 Rosovsky, 1990. 52 Brown, 1996, p. 8. 53 Brown & Levinson, 1987b.

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NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity
by Steve Silberman
Published 24 Aug 2015

Bachelor’s thesis, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, University of Technology, Sydney, 1998. “NT is only one kind of brain wiring”: “Neurodiversity: On the Neurological Underpinnings of Geekdom,” Harvey Blume. Atlantic, Sept. 1998. They were both digital natives: Alex Plank and Dan Grover, interviews with the author, 2012. Plank contributed dozens of articles: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AlexPlank “I met a kid there my age”: Alex Plank, interview with the author, 2012. an online press release: “Autistic Teens Create Website for People with Asperger’s Syndrome,” Alex Plank and Dan Grover, PRWeb, July 1, 2004. his interactive sheet music app, Etude: “Steinway & Sons Debuts Etude 2.0 iPad App for Learning and Playing Piano.”

pages: 602 words: 207,965

Practical Ext JS Projects With Gears
by Frank Zammetti
Published 7 Jul 2009

All right, I think we’ve got enough here to get going, so off we go (if you’re a child of the ’80s feel free to start singing the theme to The Great Space Coaster1 right about now!) Before we dive into the code, though, let’s get an initial glimpse of Code Cabinet Ext, shown in Figure 5-1. 1 The Great Space Coaster (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Space_Coaster) was a children’s television show from the early ’80s that many of us in our mid-thirties grew up with. Most people tend to remember two things: Knock-Knock the bird, who naturally enough told knock-knock jokes, and Gary Gnu, who did the fake news reports (“No gnews is good gnews with Gary Gnu”).

pages: 695 words: 194,693

Money Changes Everything: How Finance Made Civilization Possible
by William N. Goetzmann
Published 11 Apr 2016

University of Cambridge Digital Library. CHAPTER 18. “The search for the North West Passage” by Ann Savors (page 6). The British Museum. CHAPTER 19. Courtesy of The Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. FIGURE 23. Courtesy of The Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. CHAPTER 20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Law_%28economist%29#/media/File:John_Law-Casimir_Balthazar_mg_8450.jpg. FIGURE 24. Courtesy of The Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. CHAPTER 22. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wheat_Row_-_Washington,_D.C..jpg. FIGURE 25. 1886: bequeathed by Jules David-Chassagnol, Paris; 1893: acquired by Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_Marat_assassinated_-_Google_Art_Project_2.jpg.

Mining of Massive Datasets
by Jure Leskovec , Anand Rajaraman and Jeffrey David Ullman
Published 13 Nov 2014

Steinbach, and V. Kumar, Introduction to Data Mining, Addison-Wesley, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005. 1 This startup attempted to use machine learning to mine large-scale data, and hired many of the top machine-learning people to do so. Unfortunately, it was not able to survive. 2 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak. 3 That is, assume our hypothesis that terrorists will surely buy a set of 10 items in common at some time during the year. We don’t want to address the matter of whether or not terrorists would necessarily do so. 2 MapReduce and the New Software Stack Modern data-mining applications, often called “big-data” analysis, require us to manage immense amounts of data quickly.

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The Patterning Instinct: A Cultural History of Humanity's Search for Meaning
by Jeremy Lent
Published 22 May 2017

Bostrom, “Transhumanist Values”; Vernor Vinge, “What Is the Singularity?” (presentation, Vision 21 Symposium, Westlake, OH, March 30, 1993). 46. Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity Is Near (New York: Penguin Books, 2005); Singularity University, http://singularityu.org (accessed February 5, 2017); Wikipedia, s.v. “Ray Kurzweil,” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil (accessed September 2, 2016). 47. “Machine-to-Machine Communications: Connecting Billions of Devices,” OECD Digital Economy Papers, no. 192 (2012). 48. Igor Aleksander, “The Self ‘Out There,’” Nature 413 (2001): 23; Michael Chorost, World Wide Mind: The Coming Integration of Humanity, Machines, and the Internet (New York: Free Press, 2011), iBook edition, chap. 11. 49.

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Whiteshift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities
by Eric Kaufmann
Published 24 Oct 2018

Leitner, ‘The variegated landscape of local immigration policies in the United States’, Urban Geography 32:2 (2011), 156–78. 82. T. J. Vicino, Suburban Crossroads: The Fight for Local Control of Immigration Policy, Lanham, Md, 2012: Lexington Books, pp. 76, 88–90, 120. 83. Ibid., pp. 128–9. 84. Ibid., pp. 132–4. 85. Frey, Diversity Explosion, p. 37. 86. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Opinion_polls. 87. Ibid. 88. ‘2015 Immigration Report’, National Conference of State Legislatures, 3 August 2015: http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/2015-immigration-report.aspx. 89. ‘Senate immigration bill suffers crushing defeat’, CNN, 28 June 2007. 90. DeParle, ‘The anti-immigration crusader’. 91.

The Code: Silicon Valley and the Remaking of America
by Margaret O'Mara
Published 8 Jul 2019

The definitive history of the early years of Facebook (and the basis for the not altogether charitable portrayal of Zuckerberg and his company in the 2011 Hollywood film The Social Network) is David Kirkpatrick, The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company that is Connecting the World (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010). 20. This data comes from, naturally, Wikipedia. “List of most popular websites,” Wikipedia, March 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_popular_websites, archived at https://perma.cc/9QBA-ABF6. 21. Lev Grossman, “You—Yes, You—Are TIME’s Person of the Year,” Time, December 25, 2006. 22. Esther Dyson et al., “Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age” (Release 1.2, August 22, 1994), The Information Society 12, no. 3 (1996): 295–308. 23.

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Global Crisis: War, Climate Change and Catastrophe in the Seventeenth Century
by Geoffrey Parker
Published 29 Apr 2013

Ibid., XII, 296 (3 Mar. 1657). Edo Castle, with a perimeter of perhaps 10 miles, covered a far larger area in the Tokugawa era than today. The five-storey donjon (tenshudai) destroyed in the Meireki fire stood 167 feet high and was thus the tallest building in Japan. See the ground plan at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edo_Castle_plan_1849.svg 51. Hayami, Economic history, 169, tabulates the products listed in the 1637 Kefukigusa. See also Hayami, Population, family and society, 42–51. 52. White, Ikki, 281, noted that the central government often ordered local magistrates to punish protesters, but then itself punished the local magistrates who had allowed the ‘incidents of contention’ to occur.

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Shindel, ‘Volcanic and solar forcing’, 4,104, ‘GCM simulation 1680 vs 1780 solar + volcano’; Luterbacher et al., ‘European seasonal and annual temperature’, 1,501–2; idem, ‘Monthly mean pressure’, 1,050, 1,062; Pfister, ‘Weeping in the snow’ 54, displays two weather maps reconstructing the unusual cold in 1695. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/find_eruptions.cfm lists eruptions by year; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volcanic-ash-downfall_map_of_Mt.Fuji_Hoei-eruption01.jpg reconstructs the ash falls from Mount Fuji's ‘Hōei eruption’ in 1707–8. 5. Data from Teodoreanu, ‘Preliminary observations’, 189, quoting a Turkish chronicler; García Acosta, Desastres agrícolas, I, 203–14; Myllyntaus, ‘Summer frost’, 82.

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Real World Haskell
by Bryan O'Sullivan , John Goerzen , Donald Stewart and Donald Bruce Stewart
Published 2 Dec 2008

To focus our attention, we will look at processing web server logfiles, which tend to be both huge and plentiful.[59]As an example, here is a log entry for a page visit recorded by the Apache Web Server. The entry originally filled one line—we split it across several lines to fit: 201.49.94.87 - - [08/Jun/2008:07:04:20 -0500] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 2097 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercurial_(software)" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows XP 5.1; en-GB; rv:1.8.1.12) Gecko/20080201 Firefox/2.0.0.12" 0 hgbook.red-bean.com While we could create a straightforward implementation without much effort, we will resist the temptation to dive in. If we think about solving a class of problems instead of a single one, we may end up with more widely applicable code.

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The Narrow Corridor: States, Societies, and the Fate of Liberty
by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson
Published 23 Sep 2019

Our interpretation and evidence on state formation in early modern England heavily builds on Braddick (2000), Hindle (2000), and Pincus (2011). See also Blockmans, Holenstein, and Mathieu, eds. (2009). Davison, Hitchcock, Keirn, and Shoemaker, eds. (1992), discuss the imagery of the grumbling hive. The quote is from Mandeville (1989), whose poem is readily available on the Internet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fable_of_the_Bees#The_poem. See Hindle (1999) on Swallowfield. He reproduces the resolutions in full. The legal cases we reproduce are from Herrup (1989, 75–76; see Chapter 4). Goldie (2001) emphasizes the importance of the number of officeholders in eighteenth-century Britain; our numbers come from his article.

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The IDA Pro Book
by Chris Eagle
Published 16 Jun 2011

Levine, Linkers and Loaders (San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2000). [11] See http://www.sourceware.org/binutils/docs/binutils/objdump.html#objdump/. [12] See http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/. [13] See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/c1h23y6c(VS.71).aspx. [14] For an overview of name mangling, refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling. Deep Inspection Tools So far, we have discussed tools that perform a cursory analysis of files based on minimal knowledge of those files’ internal structure. We have also seen tools capable of extracting specific pieces of data from files based on very detailed knowledge of a file’s structure.

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The Art of Community: Building the New Age of Participation
by Jono Bacon
Published 1 Aug 2009

With this solid chunk of great communication best practice under our belts, let’s continue our application of simplicity to community by applying it to an area often bastardized by utter complexity: building processes. Fasten those seat belts, friends. * * * [1] To learn why, visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson%27s_Law_of_Triviality. Chapter 4. Processes: Simple Is Sustainable “Light is the task where many share the toil.” —Homer Ray Kroc was a fairly simple guy. As a small-time salesman in the 1950s, he had moved on from the thrill-seeking paper cup world to selling multimixer drink machines to restaurants across the US.

pages: 492 words: 70,082

Immigration worldwide: policies, practices, and trends
by Uma Anand Segal , Doreen Elliott and Nazneen S. Mayadas
Published 19 Jan 2010

Addressing gender-based violence in refugee, internally displaced and post-conflict settings: A global overview. Paper presented at the Reproductive Health Response in Conflict (RHRC) Consortium, New York. Wikipedia (2005). Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Retrieved April 7, 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Afghanistan. Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children (WCRWC) (2001, October 15). Watch list on children in armed conflict: Afghanistan. Retrieved April 7, 2005, from http:// www.watchlist.org/reports/ afghanistan.report.pdf. Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children(WCRWC) (2002, January).

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The Age of Surveillance Capitalism
by Shoshana Zuboff
Published 15 Jan 2019

Talks at Google, Sandy Pentland: “Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread,” YouTube.com, March 7, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMB10 ttu-Ow. 3. Maria Konnikova, “Meet the Godfather of Wearables,” Verge, May 6, 2014, http://www.theverge.com/2014/5/6/5661318/the-wizard-alex-pentland-father-of-the-wearable-computer. 4. “Alex Pentland,” Wikipedia, July 22, 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alex_Pentland&oldid=791778066; Konnikova, “Meet the Godfather”; Dave Feinleib, “3 Big Data Insights from the Grandfather of Google Glass,” Forbes, October 17, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/sites/davefeinleib/2012/10/17/3-big-data-insights-from-the-grandfather-of-google-glass. 5.

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Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
by Robert M. Sapolsky
Published 1 May 2017

The killing of Tavin Price: Brainuser1, “Mentally Challenged Teen Shot Dead for Wearing Wrong Color Shoes,” EurThisNThat.com, September 22, 2016, www.eurthisnthat.com/2015/06/03/mentally-challenged-teen-shot-dead-for-wearing-wrong-color-shoes/comment-page-1/. Irish hunger strikers: “1981 Irish Hunger Strike,” Wikipedia.com, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike#First_hunger_strike. “My Way” killings: N. Onishi, “Sinatra Song Often Strikes Deadly Chord,” New York Times, February 7, 2010. 3. Footnote: T. Appenzeller, “Old Masters,” Nat 497 (2013): 302. 4. R. Hughes, The Shock of the New (New York: Knopf, 1991).

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Strategy: A History
by Lawrence Freedman
Published 31 Oct 2013

Vance H. Fried and Benjamin M. Oviatt, “Michael Porter’s Missing Chapter: The Risk of Antitrust Violations,” Academy of Management Executive 3, no. 1 (1989): 49–56. 25. Adam J. Brandenburger and Barry J. Nalebuff, Co-Opetition (New York: Doubleday, 1996). 26. As demonstrated by Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coopetition. 27. Stewart, The Management Myth, 214–215. 33 Red Queens and Blue Oceans 1. Kathleen Eisenhardt, “Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review,” Academy of Management Review 14, no. 1 (1989): 57–74. 2. Justin Fox, The Myth of the Rational Market: A History of Risk, Reward, and Delusion on Wall Street (New York: Harper, 2009), 159–162. 3.

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Quicksilver
by Neal Stephenson
Published 9 Sep 2004

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify the text of all Metaweb materials under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. For the full license, see the metaweb:GNU free documentation license: http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Metaweb:GNU_free_documentation_license See also the Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page PerfectBound™ and the PerfectBound™ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Microsoft Reader March 2004 ISBN 0-06-074831-1 FIRST EDITION 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 About the Publisher Australia HarperCollins Publishers (Australia) Pty. Ltd. 25 Ryde Road (PO Box 321) Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia http://www.perfectbound.com.au Canada HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. 55 Avenue Road, Suite 2900 Toronto, ON, M5R, 3L2, Canada http://www.perfectbound.ca New Zealand HarperCollinsPublishers (New Zealand) Limited P.O.

Engineering Security
by Peter Gutmann

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