by Sebastian Mallaby; · 30 Mar 2026 · 607pp · 161,998 words
find its own path to the objective. The obvious risk is that the AI will choose a disastrous means to the stipulated end: In one famous thought experiment, the AI maximizes the goal of paper clip production by killing the humans that divert metal to other uses. If computers developed their own desires
by Carissa Véliz · 21 Apr 2026 · 503pp · 129,255 words
bullshitters because they are made to be plausible with no regard for the truth. It probably didn’t cross Alan Turing’s mind that his thought experiment, the famous imitation game in which a machine tries to pass as a human being, would encourage companies to build impersonators. Bullshit doesn’t need to
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; particles exist in a probabilistic haze, their exact state indeterminate until observation collapses their wave function into a singular manifestation. Schrödinger’s cat is a famous thought experiment in quantum mechanics designed to illustrate the paradoxical nature of quantum superposition. In this hypothetical scenario, a cat is placed in a sealed box with
by Susan Schneider · 1 Oct 2019 · 331pp · 47,993 words
particular substrates and seek clues in the AI’s behavior. Another line of argument is more subtle and harder to dismiss. It stems from a famous thought experiment, called “The Chinese Room,” authored by the philosopher John Searle. Searle asks you to suppose that he is locked inside a room. Inside the room
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deaf people can’t appreciate music at all. 5. Those familiar with Frank Jackson’s Knowledge Argument will recognize that I am borrowing from his famous thought experiment involving Mary, a neuroscientist, who is supposed to know all the “physical facts” about color vision (i.e., facts about the neuroscience of vision) but
by Bernardo Kastrup · 28 May 2015 · 244pp · 73,966 words
having inner life the way you and I have, no matter how complex the program. As philosopher John Searle demonstrated decades ago with his famous ‘Chinese Room’ thought experiment, the manipulation of variables is utterly unrelated to subjective experience.54 Moreover, eliminative materialists fail to notice that their claim about the non-existence
by Detlev S. Schlichter · 21 Sep 2011 · 310pp · 90,817 words
start our analysis of the effects of an expanding money supply with a model that is purely a mental construct. It is a simple thought experiment that was famously used by David Hume about 250 years ago in his essay “Of Interest.”1 Even, Instant, and Transparent Money Injection Let us assume that
by Michael Brooks · 23 Apr 2020 · 88pp · 26,706 words
second, an imaginary situation in which we bring two moral principles into conflict in order to discover which one we care more about. The most famous thought experiment is the so-called “Trolley Problem,” which was originally formulated by the British philosopher Philippa Foot, though the version that most people are familiar with
by Kathryn Paige Harden · 20 Sep 2021 · 375pp · 102,166 words
you’ll get? It’s a premise that will be familiar to anyone who has taken an undergraduate class in political philosophy. The most famous version of this thought experiment was proposed by the philosopher John Rawls, who imagined something called “the veil of ignorance.” Behind the veil of ignorance,31 no one
by Richard V. Reeves · 22 May 2017 · 198pp · 52,089 words
, they have less reason to support institutions and policies that favor the less fortunate. After all, their children won’t need them.26 In his famous thought experiment, the philosopher John Rawls suggested that a just society would be the one that was agreed upon by people unaware of which rung they would
by Atul Gawande · 2 Jan 2009 · 182pp · 56,961 words
who understands systems will know immediately that optimizing parts is not a good route to system excellence,” he says. He gives the example of a famous thought experiment of trying to build the world’s greatest car by assembling the world’s greatest car parts. We connect the engine of a Ferrari, the
by Nessa Carey · 5 Mar 2015 · 357pp · 98,853 words
sound levels or from multiple shades of grey. Biologically, we may owe an awful lot to our nudges and tweaks. Footnotes a This is a famous thought experiment. No actual frogs were harmed in the creation of this anecdote. b They are known as linc RNAs, which stands for long intergenic non-coding
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