gentrification

How to Kill a City: The Real Story of Gentrification
by Peter Moskowitz
Published 7 Mar 2017

In its journey from academic jargon to popular use, the term gentrification has been stretched and pulled. In the popular press, gentrification is most often presented as the cumulative effect of the actions of individual actors—yuppies and hipsters move from the suburbs to a previously poor neighborhood and gradually change its identity. The struggles of people like Ashana Bigard are seen as collateral damage. But gentrification is bigger than that. A proliferation of hipsters, displacement, and a worsening quality of life for people like Ashana Bigard are the effects of gentrification, not its causes. Gentrification is a purposeful act, not just a trend, and so it needs a definition that recognizes the actors and actions behind it.

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I’d also add that there’s a precursor to all of these stages in which a municipality opens itself up to gentrification through zoning, tax breaks, and branding power. This preparatory phase is rarely seen or talked about because it happens so long before most people witness gentrification in action, but this stage is crucial to understanding gentrification. In New Orleans, Stage 0 was Hurricane Katrina. The city used the opportunity presented by the storm’s destruction of poor and African American neighborhoods to attract white people and investment. Gentrification in New Orleans was happening before Katrina, but the storm kicked it into high gear.

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Corbett, chastised its newsroom for the overuse of the word hipster in 2010 and its overzealous comparisons of everyplace to Brooklyn in 2014. The hipster narrative about gentrification isn’t necessarily inaccurate—young people are indeed moving to cities and opening craft breweries and wearing tight clothing—but it is misleading in its myopia. Someone who learned about gentrification solely through newspaper articles might come away believing that gentrification is just the culmination of several hundred thousand people’s individual wills to open coffee shops and cute boutiques, grow mustaches and buy records. But those are the signs of gentrification, not its causes. As geographer Neil Smith wrote in his landmark book on the topic, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, “If cultural choice and consumer preference really explain gentrification, this amounts either to the hypothesis that individual preferences change in unison not only nationally but internationally—a bleak view of human nature and cultural individuality—or that the overriding constraints are strong enough to obliterate the individuality implied in consumer preference.

Vanishing New York
by Jeremiah Moss
Published 19 May 2017

In 1991, the Times announced that gentrification was in retreat and “may be remembered, along with junk bonds, stretch limousines and television evangelism, as just another grand excess of the 1980’s.” A few years later, the paper declared gentrification dead and buried. But it did not die. It came back bigger, stronger, and meaner than ever. Smith called the Third Wave of gentrification “Gentrification Generalized,” marking its beginning in 1994 with no end date. In this phase, gentrification moved out from the city’s center, into parts previously untouched. Generalized gentrification meant “new restaurants and shopping malls in the central city . . brand-name office towers alongside brand-name museums, tourist destinations of all sorts, cultural complexes—in short, a range of megadevelopments.”

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Neil Smith, professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) until his death in 2012, outlined what is probably the most detailed and useful theory of gentrification and its changing shape. His work is essential to understanding how the city-killing process of today is not the gentrification of the past. Smith called Ruth Glass’s first version of gentrification the First Wave, or Sporadic Gentrification. Dating it from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, he referred to this wave as “small-scale” and “quaint,” without the backing and support of local government and financial institutions. In gentrification’s Second Wave, from the late 1970s to 1989, the process anchored itself, becoming an essential part of the city government’s master plan to take back the city from the poor, the working class, people of color, homosexuals, artists, socialists, and other undesirables.

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In the 2000s, we’ve seen that word everywhere, in the brochures and websites of luxury condos, in the real estate blogs, in the magazine articles written by intrepid middle-class pilgrims moving into the Lower East Side, the Upper West Side, Harlem, and almost all of Brooklyn. Now we know where it came from. While Koch didn’t use the word gentrification in his speech, he was talking about it. At the time, it was still a largely unknown foreign concept. Just a year earlier, the Times included it in their Weekly News Quiz: “Working-class people in London are resisting a process they refer to as ‘gentrification.’ What is gentrification?” Gentrification and neoliberalism go hand in hand, and they both became public policy in New York for the first time under Koch. This was the next phase in the long game of restoring the power of financial Elites in the city—while pushing out the Undesirables.

The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class?and What We Can Do About It
by Richard Florida
Published 9 May 2016

It was also positively associated with transit use and negatively correlated with sprawl, measured as the share of commuters who drive alone to work.20 In other words, gentrification is the product of the very attributes that define knowledge hubs and superstar cities. When all is said and done, acute gentrification is more a symptom of urban success than it is a general characteristic of cities and metro areas across the board. Figure 4.1: Gentrification Varies Widely by Metro Source: Map by Martin Prosperity Institute, based on data from Daniel Hartley, Gentrification and Financial Health, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2013. The fact that gentrification takes place mainly in superstar cities is a big part of the reason it attracts so much attention to begin with.

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Other research that builds on Freeman’s by separating the effects of gentrification on homeowners from the effects on renters found that renters in gentrifying neighborhoods faced a 2.6 percent higher risk of displacement (which is about the same as for getting a divorce), but no evidence that gentrification displaced homeowners.25 The big takeaway from this research is that the direct displacement of people by gentrification is not as big of an issue as it is made out to be, and that it is the wrong lens from which to view the effects of gentrification on poor and disadvantaged urbanites. Part of the reason is that gentrification tends to take place either in older industrial neighborhoods, where few people live anyway before the gentrification begins, or in working-class districts where homeowners benefit from the rising prices caused by gentrification, and where any renters who are displaced can afford to find comparable housing nearby.

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See John McWhorter, “Spike Lee’s Racism Isn’t Cute: ‘M——F——Hipster’ Is the New ‘Honkey,’” TIME, February 28, 2014, http://time.com/10666/spike-lees-racism-isnt-cute-m-f-hipster-is-the-new-honkey; Gene Demby, “The One Problem with Spike Lee’s Gentrification Argument,” Salon, February 27, 2014, www.salon.com/2014/02/27/the_one_problem_with_spike_lees_gentrification_argument_partner. 2. Neil Smith, New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (London: Routledge, 1996); Neil Smith, “Toward a Theory of Gentrification: A Back to the City Movement by Capital, not People,” Journal of the American Planning Association 45, no. 4 (1979); Neil Smith, “Gentrification and Uneven Development,” Economic Geography 58, no. 2 (April 1982): 139–155; Neil Smith, “Of Yuppies and Housing: Gentrification, Social Restructuring, and the Urban Dream,” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 5, no. 2 (January 1987): 151–172. 3.

Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places
by Sharon Zukin
Published 1 Dec 2009

In gentrified areas the merely affluent upper middle class sell their nicely restored houses and apartments to the superrich. The British geographer Loretta Lees calls this process “super-gentrification.” But when one neighborhood after another goes upscale and new residents are not just fixing up old houses and lofts but also moving into newly built luxury condos and mom-and-pop stores are replaced by bank branches, trendy restaurants, and brand-name chains, we’re looking at more than a single trend of gentrification. Neil Smith calls this “gentrification generalized.” I think that it is really a broad process of re-urbanization, with changes that loosen the grip of old industries and their ways of life and expand the space taken up by white-collar men and women and their preoccupation with shopping and other kinds of consumption; bringing new residents, their tastes, and their concerns into the city’s mix; and creating not just an economic division but a cultural barrier between rich and poor, young and old.

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Together with dramatic decreases in the crime rate, it has encouraged middle-class people to venture into neighborhoods where they had never gone before. Race used to be considered a barrier to these changes. The recent whitening of Brooklyn, though, has expanded gentrification into working-class black neighborhoods while new immigrants as well as white gentrifiers have made other areas into an ethnic mosaic. If racial barriers still hold back gentrification anywhere, however, we would surely see their effects in Harlem, “the capital of black America.” The historical connection between race and place should be even more “authentic” there than in any neighborhood of Brooklyn. 2 Why Harlem Is Not a Ghetto Every person in this room can remember thirty years ago, when Harlem was a community with a rich past, but an ominous future—when it was a neighborhood with block after block of vacant lots and derelict apartment buildings, when it was a community that seemed to be locked into a downward spiral of abandonment and decay.

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By 2008, though, the vendors estimated that between 50 and 60 percent of their customers were not Hispanic, up to 80 percent during the weeks some of them sold at Brooklyn Flea, an outdoor swap meet held in a schoolyard in Fort Greene, before they passed the Health Department inspection and returned to their location at the ball fields.17 Some vendors think the growing number of white customers reflects the expanding gentrification of Brooklyn neighborhoods, including Red Hook. But it also reflects the vendors’ growing media presence, especially in the food blogs and wikis that began to emerge around 2003. The two trends are related, for the demographic changes of gentrification are often expressed in the bloggers’ language of cultural consumption, representing, in this case, the tastes of a new, mobile, urban middle class that seeks the experience of “authentic” food.

Hollow City
by Rebecca Solnit and Susan Schwartzenberg
Published 1 Jan 2001

is artist by gen- not a justification for the problems caused by the As Neil Smith writes in his study of gentrification, "The language of revitalization, recycling, upgrading and renaissance suggests that affected neighborhoods were somehow devitalized or culturally mor- ibund prior to gentrification. While this is also true that very vital working-class ized through gentrification as the insulting applied to US West. Now, as then, pioneered new middle it cities as devital- idea of 'urban pioneers' no one and lives in is as the area being In fact, the Mission has political community being erased by gentrification. But the history of gentrification is often class scorns the streets in at least.

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a sort of pre-gentrification; it con- have more economic mobility, though not necessar- more income, than character of their first youth the earlier residents and who value the existing new neighborhood. Some become community activists. Intolerance seems to arrive with affluence, and the worst thing that can be said about those in the ent influx or at least more palatable wave —especially if is that they attract the second, afflu- they're white many with the second or holding the analysts of gentrification argument has become a radicals on gentrification was some poor whites never who were first hard-working style rather it on artists, and this —have been moving into the left:, but many of the artists and raised there or arrived as adults are Latinos (blaming artists a lag of decades between the blame responsible for first commonplace.

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What's happening Western Addition Mission District, is on Divisadero just the spillover fi'om the wild Street mutation of the once a bastion of Latino culture and cheap housing, and of the formerly industrial South of Market, districts that are becoming the global capital of the Internet economy. San Francisco has been for most of and an anomaly. Soon city it will its be neither. Gentrification by driving out the poor and working chosen to give their lives 150-year existence both a refuge class, is transforming the including those over to unlucrative pursuits such as ism, social experimentation, social service. But gentrification fin above water. Below is the rest of the shark: a 13 who have art, activis just the new American economy HOLLOW 14 in which most of us thing will be ble.

The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City
by Alan Ehrenhalt
Published 23 Apr 2012

Environmental Protection Agency, February 2009. 7 “I woke up this morning”: Lyrics from the song “Gentrification Blues,” by Judith Levine and Laura Liben, 1982, quoted in Tom Slater, “A Literal Necessity to Be Replaced: A Rejoinder to the Gentrification Debate,” International Journal of Urban and Economic Research, March 2008, p. 216. 8 “The bear pit of gentrification debates”: Rowland Atkinson, “Gentrification, Segregation and the Vocabulary of Affluent Residential Choice,” Urban Studies, November 2008, p. 2634. 9 What is new in the past decade: See, for example, Lance Freeman, There Goes the ’Hood: Views of Gentrification from the Ground Up (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006), and Jacob L.

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We are witnessing a rearrangement of population across entire metropolitan areas. “Gentrification” is too small a word for it. As I indicated at the beginning, “demographic inversion” comes closer to capturing the scope of what is going on. Nevertheless, there are those in urban sociology who have argued for years that gentrification is the equivalent of mass displacement, and those in the same field who have denied that this is so. There is a song that goes back to the 1970s: I woke up this morning I looked next door There was one family living where there once were four I got the gentrifi-gentrification blues. The word “gentrification” was actually invented in 1963 by the British sociologist Ruth Glass to describe the “invasion” of working-class urban neighborhoods by the wealthy.

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It is because the trains would fill up with minorities and immigrants on the outskirts of the city, and the passengers left stranded at the inner-city stations would be members of the affluent professional class. In the years since 1979, Chicago has undergone changes that are routinely described as gentrification, but are in fact more complicated and more profound than that. A better term is “demographic inversion.” Gentrification refers to the changes that happen in an individual neighborhood, usually the replacement of poorer minority residents by more affluent white ones. Demographic inversion is something much broader. It is the rearrangement of living patterns across an entire metropolitan area, all taking place at roughly the same time.

Tenants: The People on the Frontline of Britain's Housing Emergency
by Vicky Spratt
Published 18 May 2022

The south-west was particularly affected, with rents up by 9 per cent annually; the area registered the UK’s fastest rental growth in the third quarter of 2021. Gentrification, Gentrification, Relocation As Henry noted himself, there’s a word for all of this – one that gets thrown around a lot: gentrification. As a form of redevelopment, gentrification is the opposite of sustainable regeneration; the former prioritises profit, the latter improves an area while protecting the community that inhabits it. The term gentrification was coined in 1964 by the sociologist Ruth Glass to describe change in London. In the early 1960s Glass, who had left Nazi Germany and come to the UK in 1932 to study at the London School of Economics, began writing about the changes in housing she had witnessed in her home area, Islington, in north London, which had resulted in social shifts and physical displacement.

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Glass’s writing is now largely out of print, though leading academics such as Professor Loretta Lees and Professor Mindy Fullilove continue the study of gentrification and displacement. Glass’s definition of gentrification has become the definition of the inequity sparked by estate ‘renewal’ or urban ‘regeneration’ the world over. London was and remains a petri dish for studies of dysfunctional housing markets. Glass wrote, in the introduction to her seminal book on the subject, London: Aspects of Change: One by one, many of the working-class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle classes – upper and lower … Once this process of ‘gentrification’ starts in a district it goes on rapidly until all or most of the original working-class occupiers are displaced and the social character of the district is changed.

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And, uncomfortable as it may be to consider, the perpetrators of one type of gentrification who move in search of affordable homes are as likely to be the victims of a similar process of pricing out elsewhere. Londoners who have moved to Brighton, pricing out locals like Anthony, continue the process of gentrification, driving up prices over the heads of locals as others have done to them. In 2021, I spoke to Loretta Lees about her research. Through her work in London, she has developed a term to describe what happens when different forces of gentrification come together to make housing precarious: ‘accumulative dispossession’.

Golden Gates: Fighting for Housing in America
by Conor Dougherty
Published 18 Feb 2020

Or proclaiming that people who were put off by the name SF BARF were acting as instructed. Then there was the inadvisable tweetstorm where Sonja tried to argue that one benefit of gentrification is that it justly rewards longtime homeowners for having invested on blocks that are well-located and beautiful but whose value banks and white homeowners had long refused to recognize. It was a subtle point whose subtlety she pulverized by beginning her tweetstorm with the statement: “Gentrification is what we call the revaluation of black land to its correct price.” The details were always more thoughtful than her loudest moments. When someone on Reddit asked Sonja to square her pro-development aims with anti-displacement measures like rent control, she responded that she was all in favor of rent control and did not see tenant protections as being incompatible with new building, arguing that it was possible to create one set of policies that made it punitively expensive and time consuming for investors to buy buildings and jack up the rent while simultaneously creating a second set of policies that made it financially attractive and bureaucratically easy to build on empty lots and parking garages.

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It was with this likely approval in hand that a software engineer named Vincent Woo, an enthusiastic YIMBY member, walked up to the microphone during public comment. “The only thing we can do to stem the actual tide of gentrification is to build places for rich people to live, because otherwise they’re going to do what I did—I muscled out some guys for a basement unit in the Mission,” he said. “If we don’t build units for people with money to go into, we all know what’s going to happen. They’re going to compete with the existing stock for middle income housing residents, and we know who’s going to win, the people with more money.” Woo’s comments went down in semi-infamy among anti-gentrification groups but were immediately overshadowed by Sonja, who walked to the microphone four seconds after he left it.

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Wiener’s greatest successes had been marked by neatly crafted legislation, like the affordable housing permit streamlining in San Francisco or the money/streamlining compromise at the center of SB 35, that cleaved the imperfect alliance of archetypal NIMBYs worried about views and anti-gentrification activists worried about displacement. But there was nothing careful about 827, which was designed to be a headline grabber and only brought his opponents closer. Two of the bill’s fiercest critics were a Beverly Hills city councilman named John Mirisch and a South LA anti-gentrification activist named Damien Goodmon. Mirisch described 827 as “the urban planning lovechild of Vladimir Putin and the Koch Bros.” Goodmon called it war and referred to YIMBYs as colonizers.

Big Capital: Who Is London For?
by Anna Minton
Published 31 May 2017

The same circuits of global capital are also transforming San Francisco, New York and Vancouver in North America, European cities from Berlin to Barcelona and towns and cities in the UK, from Bristol to Manchester and Margate to Hastings. This has led to a constant hum of debate about the impacts of that much misunderstood term ‘gentrification’. But this isn’t gentrification, it’s another phenomenon entirely. The flood of global capital is being allowed to reconfigure the country. ‘Gentrification’ is one of those terms, rather like ‘affordable housing’, that lost its real meaning long ago. It was first coined in 1964 by the sociologist Ruth Glass, who used it to describe the changes taking place in Islington, as middle-class families moved into old working-class homes and did them up, creating desirable Victorian residences.

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‘One by one, many of the working class quarters of London have been invaded by the middle classes … Once this process of “gentrification” starts in a district, it goes on rapidly until all or most of the original working class occupiers are displaced, and the whole social character of the district is changed,’ she wrote. Fifteen years ago the academic Loretta Lees wrote about ‘super gentrification’ to describe the impact of the new class of finance professionals in New York and parts of London such as Barnsbury and Notting Hill Gate. Although it has always been a contested term, ‘gentrification’ adopted positive connotations associated with improving areas.

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Similarly, hopes that the new Labour Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, would stick to his manifesto commitment that estate regeneration would take place only with residents’ support were dashed when his draft good practice guide on the subject failed to include this requirement and actively discouraged giving tenants a vote, claiming there is ‘a potential reason for caution around using ballots or votes, since they risk turning a complex set of issues that affects different people in different ways over many years into a simple yes/no decision’.27 Because of the role played by central and local government in estate regeneration, for many academics the population shifts which result from it are no longer known as ‘gentrification’, but ‘state-led gentrification’. For those at the sharp end, even this change in terminology fails to define it; at an event I attended on the housing crisis in 2016, one member of the audience after another got up to say that the term ‘gentrification’ no longer covered what was happening: ‘It’s the wrong terminology for a state-sponsored demolition programme,’ one said. ‘It’s a positive term for some people which doesn’t describe what is really happening,’ said another.

The Metropolitan Revolution: The Rise of Post-Urban America
by Jon C. Teaford
Published 1 Jan 2006

Moreover, artistic creation lent a touch of class to an area, no matter how poor the resident artists. At the beginning of its gentrification cycle, Seattle’s Capitol Hill district had, in the words of one observer, “developed a widely held image as a lower-class ‘Bohemian’ neighborhood where all types of behavior were observed and for the most part tolerated.”22 During the early 1970s, anti–Vietnam War activists had pioneered the resettlement of Adams Morgan in Washington, D.C.; the leading student of that neighborhood described its progressive gentrification as a shift from “counter culture” to “quiche culture.”23 Lincoln Park’s Wells Street had once been the center of Chicago hippiedom.

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Money follows money—and it’s just eating the neighborhoods alive!”31 In Seattle’s Capitol Hill district, opponents of gentrification took action, throwing balloons filled with red paint against the white walls of a chic neighborhood restaurant. In a letter to the restaurant’s owners, they expressed their antagonism to gentrifiers: “Good morning, Fat Cats. The paint on your establishment is a protest against your rich white intrusion into this poor, multi-racial community of Capitol Hill.”32 Throughout the 1980s and into the early 1990s, gentrification sparked sporadic battles between longtime residents and newcomers. In 1990, for example, blacks were fighting whites over the designation of the Church Hill neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia, as a historic district.

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In 1982 protesters marched from the East Village to City Hall Park, where a crowd of more than two thousand demonstrated against the city’s support for gentrification and burned the mayor in effigy.38 Tension persisted throughout the 1980s and peaked in August 1988, when the police attempted to enforce a curfew and evict homeless squatters and other “undesirables” from Tompkins Square Park in the heart of the East Village. They met resistance from what one author has described as “alarmed and outraged punks, post-hippies, [and] housing activists” who carried banners reading “Gentrification Is Class War” and chanted, “It’s our fucking park, you don’t live here!” Forty-four people were injured in the fray, casualties of a cultural clash that was evident, although less boisterous, in many American cities.39 Despite the shouts and complaints, gentrification proceeded, especially in cities with strong downtown office sectors staffed by well-paid young employees eager to avoid the commute to suburbia.

The Rent Is Too Damn High: What to Do About It, and Why It Matters More Than You Think
by Matthew Yglesias
Published 6 Mar 2012

But on the whole, allowing desirable places to become denser would have substantial benefits over and above those associated with reduced housing costs. The Mirage of Gentrification While my central argument is that relaxing restrictions on real estate development is key to ameliorating the problem of high rents, anti-development rules are often seen as accomplishing the exact reverse. To many, new development is the leading cause of “gentrification,” a process that evicts the working class from their homes and replaces distinctive retail with corporate conformity. To gentrification’s foes, real estate developers are public enemy number one. The observation linking real estate development to gentrification and loss of affordable housing is accurate.

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The city’s specialization as the main headquarters of American journalism and publishing seemed relatively unaffected by the sweeping technological change reshaping media. The crime drop of the 1990s that turned the city’s momentum around in the first place continued. A wave of gentrification swept through the Lower East Side, vast swathes of Brooklyn, important parts of Queens, and even Hoboken and Jersey City across the Hudson River. But while this kind of gentrification demonstrates the continuing appeal of the Big Apple, it represents only a small net increase in the population. The people moving in are largely replacing other people who are moving out as rents go up.

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When the new buildings were completed, they featured many desirable amenities (a nice new supermarket, a Starbucks, an upscale wine shop, a Target) that further enhanced the appeal of the neighborhood, leading to further demographic turnover. The story of neighborhood improvement can be somewhat inspiring, and certainly everyone applauds the many jobs that have been created in the many new businesses that now exist in the area. But, to many, the gentrification and displacement rankle. The shiny new buildings stand as gentrification’s most visible symbol. But consider the alternative. The new metro station did open. Crime in Washington, DC, steadily declined during the first decade of the twenty-first century. Adjacent neighborhoods near the U Street and Petworth metro stations attracted new residents and new businesses as part of the same Green Line phenomenon.

The Survival of the City: Human Flourishing in an Age of Isolation
by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler
Published 14 Sep 2021

Locals called that process: “From.Boyle Heights to Netflix . . . and Back to the Neighborhood,” NPR. in boyle heights: Brand, “In Boyle Heights, the Signs of Gentrification Are Everywhere.” In 2017, the brilliant and funny: “Marvin Lemus,” IMDb. The core conflict: Bahr, “ ‘The Jazz Singer’ Celebrates Yom Kippur.” “gentrification is the true”: “Gentrification Is the True, Highest Form of Hate Crime!,” Defend Boyle Heights. “almost immediately”: Elliott, “This New Boyle Heights Coffee Bar Has Become a Gentrification Battleground.” “to bring community together”: “Meet Jackson Defa of Weird Wave Coffee in Boyle Heights,” Voyage LA.

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In the show, they are generally depicted as crass, rich, or foolish. In real life, gentrifiers are often seen as pure villains. Defend Boyle Heights, one anti-gentrification organization, declares that “gentrification is the true, highest form of hate crime,” which is quite a claim given the twentieth century’s history of genocide. Weird Wave Coffee, which opened in 2017 near the spot where Julian Nava warned the Brown Berets about the forthcoming police raid, “almost immediately became ground zero for the very public discussion about gentrification.” Weird Wave is an unlikely villain, with its homespun decor, octopus logo, and stated mission “to bring community together.”

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Too many cities have coasted on the prosperity of the privileged rather than on empowering the upward mobility of the less fortunate. That empowerment needs better education and fewer barriers to entrepreneurship, especially among the poor. Gentrification is often seen as a problem, but it is really a symptom of other urban woes. Urban residents of all stripes are victims of policies that artificially constrain the growth of city space. Los Angeles is the site of many gentrification battles, which is particularly sad since that sprawling city once practically stood for Latino opportunity in America. Los Angeles is not particularly dense, and it could easily handle abundant extra building, especially if the new structures were high-rises that occupied little land.

The Coming of Neo-Feudalism: A Warning to the Global Middle Class
by Joel Kotkin
Published 11 May 2020

Gibson, “Bleeding Albina: A History of Community Disinvestment,” Transforming Anthropology, vol. 15:1, (2007), 3–25, http://kingneighborhood.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/BLEEDING-ALBINA_-A-HISTORY-OF-COMMUNITY-DISINVESTMENT-1940%E2%80%932000.pdf; NYU Furman Center, “Focus on Gentrification” June 9, 2016, http://furmancenter.org/files/sotc/Part_1_Gentrification_SOCin2015_9JUNE2016.pdf; Jonathan Wynn and Andrew Deener, “Gentrification? Bring It,” The Conversation, October 11, 2017, https://theconversation.com/gentrification-bring-it-82107. 47 Kevin Baker, “The Death of a Once Great City,” Harper’s, July 2018, https://harpers.org/archive/2018/07/the-death-of-new-york-city-gentrification/; Theodore Dalrymple, “The Architect as Totalitarian,” City Journal, Autumn 2009, https://www.city-journal.org/html/architect-totalitarian-13246.html; Claire Berlinski, “The Architectural Sacking of Paris,” City Journal, Winter 2018, https://www.city-journal.org/html/architectural-sacking-paris-15655.html. 48 James Heartfield, “London’s Social Cleansing,” New Geography, May 13, 2012, http://www.newgeography.com/content/002824-london%E2%80%99s-social-cleansing. 49 Ibid.; Sara Malm, “Is buying a house just a pipe dream?

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utm_source=Mic+Check&utm_campaign=2b200dd408-Thursday_July_167_15_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_51f2320b33-2b200dd408-285306781. 53 Katy Murphy, “The California Dream is tough to afford if you’re under 40,” Mercury News, February 21, 2018, https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/18/the-california-dream-is-tough-to-afford-if-youre-under-40/; Joel Kotkin and Wendell Cox, “Fading Promise: Millennial Prospects in the Golden State,” Center for Demographics and Policy, May 5, 2017, http://centerforcaliforniarealestate.org/publications/Kotkin-Fading-Dream-printable.pdf. 54 Center for Opportunity Urbanism, Beyond Gentrification. 55 John Aidan Byrne, “The Exodus of New York City’s endangered middle class,” New York Post, December 22, 2018, https://nypost.com/2018/12/22/the-exodus-of-new-york-citys-endangered-middle-class/; Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Vintage, 1962), 282. 56 National Urban Coalition, Displacement: City Neighborhoods in Transition, Washington, D.C., 1978. 57 Kristian Behrens and Frederic Robert-Nicoud, “Urbanization Makes the World More Unequal,” VoxEU, July 24, 2014, https://voxeu.org/article/inequality-big-cities. 58 Richard Florida, “Mapping the New Urban Crisis,” City Lab, April 13, 2017, https://www.citylab.com/equity/2017/04/new-urban-crisis-index/521037/; Patrick Sharkey, “Rich Neighborhood, Poor Neighborhood: How Segregation Threatens Social Mobility,” Brookings, December 5, 2013, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2013/12/05/rich-neighborhood-poor-neighborhood-how-segregation-threatens-social-mobility/. 59 Helen Raleigh, “Gentrification Provokes a Cofee Clash in Denver’s Five Points,” Wall Street Journal, December 22, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/gentrification-provokes-a-coffee-clash-in-denvers-five-points-1513983831; Cameron McWhirter, “Atlanta’s Growing Pains Are Getting Worse,” Wall Street Journal, August 31, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/atlantas-growing-pains-are-getting-worse-1535707800; Richard Campanella, “Gentrification and Its Discontents: Notes From New Orleans,” New Geography, February 28, 2013, http://www.newgeography.com/content/003526-gentrification-and-its-discontents-notes-new-orleans; “Google abandons Berlin base after two years of resistance,” Guardian, October 24, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/24/google-abandons-berlin-base-after-two-years-of-resistance; Chantal Braganza, “Why opponents of gentrification have taken to the streets of Hamilton,” TVO, April 5, 2018, https://tvo.org/article/current-afairs/why-opponents-of-gentrification-have-taken-to-the-streets-of-hamilton; David Streitfeld, “Protesters Block Google Buses in San Francisco, Citing ‘Techsploitation,’” New York Times, May 31, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/31/us/google-bus-protest.html?

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Atlantic, April 19, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/04/san-francisco-city-apps-built-or-destroyed/587389/; Dave Clark, “San Francisco’s Black population is less than 5 percent, exodus has been steady,” KTVU, November 24, 2016, http://www.ktvu.com/news/san-franciscos-black-population-is-less-than-5-percent-exodus-has-been-steady. 30 Kathleen Maclay, “More gentrification, displacement in Bay Area forecast,” Berkeley News, August 24, 2015, https://news.berkeley.edu/2015/08/24/more-gentrification-displacement-in-bay-area-forecast/; Sam Levin, “‘Largest-ever’ Silicon Valley eviction to displace hundreds of tenants,” Guardian, July 7, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/07/silicon-valley-largest-eviction-rent-controlled-tenants-income-inequality; Rong-Gong Lin II and Gale Holland, “Silicon Valley homeless no longer welcome in ‘the Jungle,’” Los Angeles Times, December 3, 2014, https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-silicon-valley-homeless-20141204-story.html. 31 John Barber, “Toronto Divided: A tale of three cities,” Globe and Mail, December 20, 2007, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto-divided-a-tale-of-3-cities/article18151444/. 32 Kat Hanna and Nicolas Bosetti, “Inside Out: The New Geography of Wealth and Poverty in London,” Centre for London, December 2015, https://www.centreforlondon.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/CFLJ3887-Inside-out-inequality_12.125_WEB.pdf; Rupert Neate, “Rich overseas parents buy £2bn of property to get top school places,” Guardian, September 5, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/05/wealthy-overseas-parents-london-property-private-school-places. 33 David Goodhart, The Road to Somewhere: The New Tribes Shaping British Politics (London: Penguin, 2017), 135–39. 34 Sako Musterd et al., “Socioeconomic segregation in European capital cities.

Age of the City: Why Our Future Will Be Won or Lost Together
by Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin
Published 21 Jun 2023

We will not assess the merits of these arguments here, other than to point out that the fall in inner city crime has also occurred in cities like London and Sydney, which should suggest some caution in focusing too heavily on US-specific factors. Whether falling crime rates have led to gentrification, or whether gentrification has in fact driven the fall in inner city crime rates, also remains contested. Well-off residents have less to gain and more to lose from participating in crime. One study by a group of MIT economists sought to resolve this ambiguity by looking at what happened to crime rates following a public ballot in Cambridge (Massachusetts) that ended rent control and therefore brought about a rapid surge in gentrification in the area.26 The fact that the researchers found a significant drop-off in crime after the policy change lends support to the idea that gentrification could be the cause of falling crime, rather than the other way around.

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For the bobo, the mark of success is not a double-garage home in the suburbs, but a loft apartment in an inner city neighbourhood surrounded by creative types who prove their status as an enlightened member of society. Indeed, the lifecycle of gentrification in recent decades has tended to follow a predictable pattern: first comes the artists, then the real estate developers and then the professionals. This same story has played out everywhere from London’s Shoreditch to New York’s SoHo to Sydney’s Newtown. The process of gentrification is not entirely new. Ruth Glass’s 1964 work London: Aspects of Change lamented how ‘There is very little left of the poorer enclaves of Hampstead and Chelsea … The invasion has since spread to Islington, Paddington, North Kensington – even to the “shady” parts of Notting Hill.’29 In recent decades, however, the process has accelerated and extended into many inner city neighbourhoods that once provided affordable homes to those on lower incomes.

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And while increasingly unaffordable housing in cities like London is now pushing out a growing number of young people, many would rather stay. Gentrification and the Commuting Poor The Great Inversion has taken an immense toll on many of society’s most disadvantaged. As wealthy urbanites move in, the existing poor residents are pushed away. For those who happen to own their properties in gentrifying neighbourhoods, this process can create a windfall financial gain. Unfortunately, the most disadvantaged in these areas tend to be renters, who find themselves confronted with rapidly rising housing costs. While the effects of gentrification may be more muted in cases where the neighbourhood in question was once made up primarily of industrial and commercial real estate, the stock of such property has rapidly been exhausted in places like New York, Chicago and London.

Palaces for the People: How Social Infrastructure Can Help Fight Inequality, Polarization, and the Decline of Civic Life
by Eric Klinenberg
Published 10 Sep 2018

In the United States and Europe, disputes over safety and the social infrastructure are more likely to unfold slowly and quietly, and they’re often centered in gentrifying neighborhoods where new commercial and residential developments change street-level conditions in ways that can either protect or—if they lead to displacement or heightened racial discrimination—imperil local residents. Gentrification is one of the most controversial issues in affluent urban areas, so it’s no surprise that there’s a burgeoning literature on how it affects crime rates. Unfortunately, there is not yet a clear answer. Some studies show an increase, likely because new commercial development creates new targets and opportunities for crime, while others show a decrease, often attributed to more eyes on the street. The variation suggests that gentrification plays out differently depending on the local context, and also that groups are likely to be affected by gentrification in divergent ways.

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, who allowed his staff to post signs saying “Nothing says gentrification like being able to order a cortado” and “Happily gentrifying the neighborhood since 2014” outside the company’s new shop in Five Points. Herbert thought the signs would be funny, but residents and community organizations concerned about their fate found them offensive. Some responded by vandalizing the establishment; others organized protests against both ink! and the gentrification process it represented. “I am embarrassed to say that I did not fully appreciate the very real and troubling issue of gentrification, and I want to sincerely apologize to those who understand firsthand the hardship and cultural consequences that gentrification has caused,” said Herbert in a Facebook post after the protests began.

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The coffee shop, Papachristos and his team write, became a driver and a symbol of neighborhood transition, one that would “ensure this area will soon experience rapid gentrification.” The housing project did experience a decline in homicide, but it remained far more dangerous than the areas around it. “Here, we might see a ‘positive’ effect of gentrification in the form of long-term neighborhood crime reduction,” Papachristos and his coauthors write, “but at the severe expense of the displacement of Cabrini residents.” For this reason, they are adamant that although local retail outlets may well make neighborhoods safer, gentrification imposes formidable social costs to impoverished and vulnerable people, and is by no means the ideal way to reduce crime

Bike Snob
by BikeSnobNYC
Published 5 May 2010

CYCLING AND THE CITY The Gentrification of the Bicycle As a child growing up in pre-gentrification Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, I went everywhere by bicycle. My bike was in many ways the key to my neighborhood, which, at the time, was Boerum Hill, Brooklyn. This was in the ‘60s and ‘70s, before all the white people and restaurants. I really can’t underscore boldly enough the fact that I grew up in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, before it was gentrified. You could get mugged! —Jonathan Lethem For years people have been talking about “gentrification.” Basically, gentrification is when some poor, or boring, or regular, or otherwise unremarkable neighborhood experiences an influx of bars and restaurants and clubs and young people and becomes annoying.

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People debate endlessly about gentrification being a good thing or a bad thing. Pro-gents say that gentrification brings safety, and amenities (if you call high-end clothing boutiques and places that sell truffle oil “amenities”), and increases the value of the neighborhood’s real estate for everybody. Anti-gents say that gentrification raises rents, forces out people with lower incomes, and creates a breeding ground for the ever-growing Nation of Smug Hipsters. Truth be told, both the pro-gents and the anti-gents make good points. And one thing that’s become an increasingly important part of gentrification, for better or for worse, is the bicycle.

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Wells Table of Contents INTRODUCTION The bicycle, and what's so great about it PART ONE the Basics DIALING IT IN: The History of the Bicycle WHAT IS A CYCLIST, AND WHY WOULD ANYBODY WANT TO BE ONE? VELO-TAXONOMY: The Various Subsets of Cyclists GETTING THERE BY BIKE: How Cycling Changed My Life PART TWO Road Rules WHY IS EVERYBODY TRYING TO KILL ME?”: Fear, and How to Survive on a Bike CYCLING AND THE CITY: The Gentrification of the Bicycle LOOK AT ME, I’M ORIGINAL, TOO! The myth of a “bike culture” PART THREE Advanced Cycling LETTING GO: The burden of bicycle ownership TRIMMING THE FAT: The streamlining influence of cycling CORROSION OF CONFORMITY: Rules vs. fashion A BRIEF GUIDE TO ETIQUETTE FOR NON-CYCLISTS EPILOGUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION The Bicycle, and What’s So great About It As humans, we’ve invented a lot of things.

Melting Pot or Civil War?: A Son of Immigrants Makes the Case Against Open Borders
by Reihan Salam
Published 24 Sep 2018

Romano, Andrew and Garance Franke-Ruta. “A new generation of anti-gentrification radicals are on the march in Los Angeles—and around the country.” Yahoo News, March 5, 2018. www.yahoo.com/news/new-generation-anti-gentrification-radicals-march-los-angeles-around-country-100000522.html. 10. Vega, Tanzina. “Why the racial wealth gap won’t go away.” CNN Money, January 26, 2016. money.cnn.com/2016/01/25/news/economy/racial-wealth-gap/index.html. 11. Romano, Andrew and Garance Frankie-Ruta. “A New Generation Of Anti-Gentrification Radicals Are On The March In Los Angeles—And Around The Country.”

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We see glimpses of this future in our most prosperous cities. Recently in Los Angeles, reporters Andrew Romano and Garance Franke-Ruta profiled anti-gentrification protesters, many of them second-generation Americans, who are adopting more radical methods to defend their neighborhoods, as they see it, from affluent outsiders.9 Some of their tactics seem faintly comic, such as the expletive-laced T-shirts condemning hipsters. But others involve threatening supposed interlopers and vandalizing property. One could dismiss the new anti-gentrification radicalism as hooliganism. Romano and Franke-Ruta are more sympathetic, pointing to anger and disaffection among “poorer, nonwhite millennials who tend to live in major cities,” and the soaring poverty rate among young adults with no more than a high school education, which, they note, increased threefold from 1979 to 2014.

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The same is true for only 34 percent of white families.10 This contrast between wealth and poverty is particularly pronounced in gentrifying neighborhoods. “Ultimately,” Romano and Franke-Ruta warn, “the fight over gentrification is what the fight over income inequality in America looks like up close today: a clash between the economic forces transforming our cities and a young, diverse, debt-saddled generation that is losing faith in capitalism itself.”11 The activism we’re seeing in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and other hotbeds of gentrification will spread. The visible manifestations of racial inequality are inciting many young Americans of color, and will incite them further as America goes through what some are calling “the Great Wealth Transfer.”

The Trouble With Brunch: Work, Class and the Pursuit of Leisure
by Shawn Micallef
Published 10 Jun 2014

That has changed, of course, even in Windsor. While the city remains defiantly attached to its manufacturing and industrial roots, it is also undergoing gentrification in its own minor key. There are hip bike shops, indie bars, bookstores run by iconoclast literary presses. There are even brunch spots where you won’t see a can of Sterno but you’ll find vegan entrées made from local Essex County produce and, yes, artisanal bacon and fair-trade coffee. Such gentrification – often seen as desirable and courted in places like Windsor – is unfolding in post-industrial cities all across the continent, from Hamilton to Pittsburgh, St.

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Authors John Joe Schlichtman and Jason Patch examine a tendency in most ‘mainstream’ and ‘critical’ urbanists to ignore their own role in gentrification and middle-class sensibility. Recounting their own stories of moving into older historic neighbourhoods not unlike Kensington Market, they write, ‘There was an aesthetic pull of “sentiment and space” to at least some of our neighborhoods: we have no desire to live in the aesthetic landscape of uniform subdivisions of postwar aluminum-sided ranches or post-Reagan McMansions nor the class homogeneity that often accompanies them.’ Throughout their article, Schlichtman and Patch aren’t arguing that the displacement caused by gentrification isn’t a serious urban problem, nor are they condemning the forces that compel middle-class people with what might as well be called a brunching sensibility.

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Throughout their article, Schlichtman and Patch aren’t arguing that the displacement caused by gentrification isn’t a serious urban problem, nor are they condemning the forces that compel middle-class people with what might as well be called a brunching sensibility. Rather, they’re simply recognizing how some of these very personal choices might be in conflict with blanket anti-gentrification arguments, and that people should consider how the fruits of gentrification can be reconciled with caring about who gets shut out. I’ve seen it myself in lefty planner and urbanist friends who get the most upset about affordable housing and hipsters but frequent the new bars and see the bands that inhabit exactly these contested spaces, driving up prices.

Suburban Nation
by Andres Duany , Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck
Published 14 Sep 2010

For this reason, city planners charged with the task of revitalizing a downtown have little choice but to encourage gentrification or resign from their job. It is sometimes helpful to investigate the source of the complaint: the cry of “gentrification” is less often sounded by citizens who fear displacement than by politicians who suspect that racial and economic integration will undermine their power base. One technique that has been used to stop gentrification is to limit the rise in tax assessments. But keeping real estate assessments down can be a real problem, as this can prevent home and business owners from obtaining building improvement loans. Once again, fighting gentrification proves counterproductive to the improvement efforts of existing residents.

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In truth, many urban neighborhoods do quite well in the absence of children. Of course, the long-term health and diversity of a city is ultimately tied closely to the quality of its schools. A more difficult issue to tackle is gentrification. At the macroscopic level, activists are justified in their fight against gentrification if it is likely to result in the displacement of tenants. But at the microscopic level of the neighborhood, fighting gentrification is tantamount to fighting improvement; revitalization will not occur without it. Indeed, the challenge faced by most center cities today is not to provide affordable housing—which they typically supply at alarming ratios, thanks to public subsidies—but to create a market for middle-class housing.

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Once again, fighting gentrification proves counterproductive to the improvement efforts of existing residents. For this reason, governments and activists must turn their attention from stopping gentrification to mitigating its negative impact. Gentrification became a dirty word because it used to occur in the absence of a safety net, and many a displaced tenant in the sixties had nowhere to go. Nowadays, that need not be the case. cn The above discussion of urban marketing and development implies something that many might find surprising: a proactive municipal government acting in the role of the developer. Rather than waiting for Gerald Hines or Hyatt to come to town, civic leaders must develop a physical vision for their city which they commit to and then actively promote.

The New Geography of Jobs
by Enrico Moretti
Published 21 May 2012

By contrast, cities that are proactive in allowing urban housing development end up with lower housing costs. The real solution to the problem of gentrification is exactly the opposite of restricting new residential development. Instead of limiting new housing, innovation hubs should encourage it. If managed correctly through smart growth policies, more housing does not mean more sprawl and congestion, especially if it is concentrated in the urban core and is accompanied by an expansion of the public transit system. These kinds of progressive urban development policies can significantly mitigate the negative effects of gentrification while promoting the serendipitous urban social interactions that foster knowledge spillovers and innovation.

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Test scores increased, and not just for those children who had well-educated parents but also for children whose parents were less well educated and who had non-high-tech jobs. In the end, from the point of view of a city, gentrification is a good problem to have, because it is a sign of economic success and job growth. Dozens of decaying cities would love to have this problem. At the same time, gentrification has serious social consequences. The solution is not to discourage local job creation in the innovation sector, hoping that manufacturing jobs will magically return. The solution is to manage the process of economic growth in smart ways, to minimize the negative consequences for the weakest residents and maximize the economic benefits for all. 6.

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See also “Big push” strategy; Cluster building; Great Divergence Powell, Walter, [>] “Power couples,” and thick labor market, [>]–[>] Productivity and dropout rates, [>] in innovation sector, [>], [>] and local investment subsidies, [>] in local services, [>] as location factor, [>] rise in (post-WWII), [>] from skilled colleagues, [>] and threat of Chinese competition, [>] in tradable vs. non-tradable sector, [>]–[>] of unskilled working with better-educated, [>] and wages, [>], [>] Productivity paradox, [>]–[>] Progent, [>] Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), results of, [>]–[>] Programmers, and “offshoring,” [>] Prosper, [>]–[>] Protectionism, [>] Providence, Rhode Island, [>]–[>], [>], [>] Provo, Utah, [>], [>] Public transit, [>], [>] Quality of life and cluster building, [>]–[>] variation in, [>] See also Standard of living Q-Cells, [>] Racial integration, [>], [>] “Radical collaboration,” [>] Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>] Ralph Lauren, [>] R&D (research and development), [>]–[>] global investment in, [>] green, [>], [>], [>] (see also Solar-panel industry) knowledge spillover from, [>] (see also Knowledge spillovers) in life sciences, [>]–[>], [>] (see also Life sciences research) for Microsoft, [>] and New York City, [>] and outsourcing, [>]–[>] in pharmaceutical sector, [>]–[>] scientific, [>] social return on, [>] subsidizing of, [>], [>] under-investment in (U.S.), [>], [>] vs. variable costs, [>] Real estate prices, [>]–[>], [>], [>] and gentrification, [>]–[>] and rationing of new housing, [>] and Seattle housing policy, [>]–[>] RealNetworks, [>] Recessions, [>]–[>]. See also Great Recession Relay Aides, [>] Relocation and relocation vouchers, [>], [>]–[>] Rent, economic, [>]–[>], [>] Research. See R&D Revitalization of cities, [>], [>]–[>]. See also Cluster building; Gentrification Richmond, [>] Rochester, Minnesota, [>], [>] Rochester, New York, [>], [>] Rocky Mount, North Carolina, [>] Romania, PISA scores of, [>] Rome, [>] Roosevelt, Franklin D., [>], [>] Roth, Philip, [>]–[>] Russia, PISA scores of, [>] Rust Belt, [>]–[>], [>]–[>].

The Human City: Urbanism for the Rest of Us
by Joel Kotkin
Published 11 Apr 2016

“New Starter Homes Hit a Dead Stop,” Bloomberg View, http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-04-17/new-starter-homes-hit-a-dead-stop. McBRIDE, Sarah. (2013, December 10). “Google bus blocked in San Francisco gentrification protest,” Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/10/us-google-protest-idUSBRE9B818J20131210. McCLAIN, James L. and MERRIMAN, John M. (1997). “Edo and Paris: Cities and Power,” Edo and Paris: Urban Life in the Early Modern Era, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. McGEE, Henry W., Jr. (2007). “Gentrification, Integration or Displacement?: The Seattle Story,” BlackPast.org, http://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/gentrification-integration-or-displacement-seattle-story. McGEEHAN, Patrick. (2012, May 20) “More Earners at Extremes in New York Than in U.S.,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/21/nyregion/middle-class-smaller-in-new-york-city-than-nationally-study-finds.html.

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CALTHORPE, Peter. (2011, February 1). “Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change: Urbanism Expanded,” Streetsblog SF, http://sf.streetsblog.org/2011/02/01/urbanism-in-the-age-of-climate-change-urbanism-expanded/. CAMPANELLA, Richard. (2013, March 1). “Gentrification and its Discontents: Notes from New Orleans,” New Geography, http://www.newgeography.com/content/003526-gentrification-and-its-discontents-notes-new-orleans. CAMPO-FLORES, Arian and DOUGHERTY, Conor. (2013, December 1). “Overseas Money Pours Into Miami Real Estate,” Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303332904579223863203208576.

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“Exodus to the burbs: why diehard downtowners are giving up on the city,” Toronto Life, http://www.torontolife.com/informer/features/2011/09/14/exodus-to-the-burbs-why-diehard-downtowners-are-giving-up-on-the-city/2/. PRICE, David. (2014, April 14). “Home Matters!—Seven Policies That Could Prevent Roxbury’s Gentrification,” Nuestra Communidad Development Corporation, http://nuestracdc.org/seven-policies-that-could-prevent-roxburys-gentrification/. PUROKAYASTHA, Devaprasad. (1998, May/June). “The New Technopolis,” Silicon India. PUTNAM, Robert. (2000). Bowling Alone, New York: Simon and Shuster. QUI, Jane. (2012, October 12). “Megacities pose serious health challenge,” Nature, http://www.nature.com/news/megacities-pose-serious-health-challenge-1.11495.

Facing Reality: Two Truths About Race in America
by Charles Murray
Published 14 Jun 2021

They also won’t buy a home in the minority part of town unless they are pioneers initiating gentrification or are taking advantage of gentrification that is already well underway, but it would be a mistake to think they are deterred only because of crime. Widespread and voluntary residential segregation by race seems to be a fact of life around the world, no matter what the races are or what the country’s economic and political system is. In discussing the effects of crime, I am referring specifically to economic effects. In big-city America, disproportionate minority crime rates deter developers from building office space in minority neighborhoods unless gentrification is already well underway.

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But attempts to stimulate economic growth in the inner city are vulnerable to a specific, built-in opportunity for exploitation: The land occupied by the inner city really is potentially worth a lot of money if – but only if – the minority residents are replaced through gentrification. Thus big cities throughout the country have seen neighborhoods that were notorious centers of crime, drugs, and desperate poverty become fashionable, high-priced parts of town through gentrification. Property values soared. So did the availability of jobs. But this was of scant benefit to those who had lived there, few of whom had been owners of that newly valuable property and few of whom filled the new jobs.

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Real estate is typically cheaper in African or Latin parts of town than elsewhere, a factor that would ordinarily attract developers to build office space for law firms, doctors’ offices, and other businesses that would like to escape the high rentals in the European midtown. But unless it is clear that the neighborhood is near a gentrification tipping point, those lucrative rentals won’t happen, and so the office buildings don’t get built. In big-city America, disproportionate minority crime rates raise the costs of doing business for retailers of all kinds. It is often alleged that large commercial chains avoid putting stores in minority neighborhoods.

The Lonely City: Adventures in the Art of Being Alone
by Olivia Laing
Published 1 Mar 2016

Safer cities, cleaner cities, richer cities, cities that grow ever more alike: what lurks behind the rhetoric of the Quality of Life Task Force is a profound fear of difference, a fear of dirt and contamination, an unwillingness to let other life-forms coexist. And what this means is that cities shift from places of contact, places where diverse people interact, to places that resemble isolation wards, the like penned with the like. This is the subject of Gentrification of the Mind, Sarah Schulman’s extraordinary polemic, which ties the physical process of gentrification to the losses of the AIDS crisis. Her book calls on us to realise that not only is it healthier to live in complex, dynamic, mixed communities than uniform ones, but also that happiness that depends on privilege and oppression cannot by any civilised terms be described as happiness at all.

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When I came to New York I was in pieces, and though it sounds perverse, the way I recovered a sense of wholeness was not by meeting someone or by falling in love, but rather by handling the things that other people had made, slowly absorbing by way of this contact the fact that loneliness, longing, does not mean one has failed, but simply that one is alive. There is a gentrification that is happening to cities, and there is a gentrification that is happening to the emotions too, with a similarly homogenising, whitening, deadening effect. Amidst the glossiness of late capitalism, we are fed the notion that all difficult feelings – depression, anxiety, loneliness, rage – are simply a consequence of unsettled chemistry, a problem to be fixed, rather than a response to structural injustice or, on the other hand, to the native texture of embodiment, of doing time, as David Wojnarowicz memorably put it, in a rented body, with all the attendant grief and frustration that entails.

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It chronicles Delany’s experiences in the Square, and particularly in the porn cinemas of 42nd Street, like the one that appears with its declarative X in the background of the Rimbaud photo. Delany went to these cinemas often daily over a period of thirty years to have sex with multiple strangers, some of whom became deeply familiar to him, though their relationships rarely transcended the location. Delany was writing in the late 1990s, after the gentrification – the literal Disneyfication, in fact, considering the identity of one of the major investors – of Times Square; which is to say that he was writing in praise and grief at what had already been destroyed. In his thoughtful as well as practised estimation, what had been lost was not just a place to get your rocks off, but also a zone of contact, and particularly of cross-class and cross-racial contact - a site that facilitated intimacy, albeit transient, between a diverse multitude of citizens, some wealthy and some poor, some homeless, some mentally unsettled, but all soothed by the democratic balm of sex.

Retrofitting Suburbia, Updated Edition: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs
by Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson
Published 23 Mar 2011

But the unformalized feeders of the arts—studios, galleries, stores for musical instruments and art supplies, backrooms where the low earning power of a seat can absorb uneconomic discussions—these go into ordinary buildings.”30 While Jacobs’s observations were based on urban examples, contemporary observation of aged strip malls and shopping centers reveals the same processes of diversification and gentrification at work. Several first-ring suburbs have new immigrant communities that depend on and support this third generation of uses and would be hurt by the kind of gentrification that redevelopment would likely bring. (See Figure 4–5.) Empty big boxes have facilitated the same kind of diversification of activities and enrichment of social opportunities along suburban strips. They have been adaptively reused as churches/synagogues/ mosques, libraries, courthouses, government offices, community centers, school and university buildings, nightclubs, dinner theaters, multiplex cinemas, gymnasiums, an indoor go-cart raceway, the Spam Museum, call centers, offices, and medical clinics (one example in Savannah reused the heavy voltage from the frozen food section of a former grocery store to power an MRI scanner).31 The addition of these programs to suburban areas lacking in third places enriches their neighborhoods and adds opportunities for greater communal interaction—even without further changes to the physical context.

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Fulton, William Fuqua, Jeff FXFowle Architects Galleria District (Houston, Texas) Gamble, Michael Gans, Herbert garden apartments Belcrest Plaza gentrification infill immigrants increasing residential density through market devaluation overview Garr, Emily Garreau, Joel General Foods complex (White Plains, New York) General Growth Properties (GGP). see also Cottonwood Mall generic conventions, modification of Genesee County (Michigan) gentrification Colony Apartments cycle of Gramercy Georgia. see also Atlanta, Georgia College Park Savannah Woodstock GGP. see General Growth Properties ghostboxes Glen Cove (New York) Global Station proposal Goetz, Stephan J.

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Conversely, which are well served by transit and make sense to be targeted for densification with mixed-use housing or employment centers? Identify areas where small-scale entre-preneurial and immigrant businesses are making use of affordable rents and serving local communities. What additional re-inhabitations or corridor improvements might improve livability without spurring displacement through gentrification? Each city’s Red Fields to Green Fields proposal is unique. Miami proposes to establish a transit-oriented park system, targeting 130 of the 750 acres of greyfield sites adjacent to existing and planned transit lines—as in this regreening proposal for a Jeep dealership site along a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line.

The Passenger
by AA.VV.
Published 23 May 2022

Examples are everywhere: a new generation of Asian-American writers is rebelling against the stereotype of a uniform “model minority” – docile and hard-working – which has always been a doubling up of racist stereotyping, implying simultaneously that African Americans are “guilty” of not achieving similar levels of success. The Black communities, in their turn, are fighting against the gentrification and “whitening” of cities such as San Francisco and Los Angeles. In an era of historical reassessment, full of symbolic gestures – not least the “rematriation” of land to Indigenous people – there is no longer room for the colonial founding myths. It is time to return to the original sin and “unlearn” the official history because, as Francisco Cantú writes, the “only true way to honor a place we love ... is to tell the fullness of its story”.

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Ballot-Box Blues: The Indirect Road to Direct Democracy — NC Hernandez Direct democracy in California takes many forms, sometimes unexpected, and the results of the various ballot initiatives are not always foregone conclusions. We take a look at this essential democratic tool through two of the most controversial propositions of recent times. Some of Everything — Lisa Teasley Despite the gentrification that has reduced the African-American population of central Los Angeles to historic lows, arts and culture are thriving within the Black community, a response, in part, to the widespread anger following the murder of George Floyd. Hollywood on Hollywood — La McMusa An Author Recommends — Lisa Teasley The Playlist — Antonio De Sortis Digging Deeper Unless stated otherwise, the photographs in this issue were taken by Josh Edelson, whose work illustrates the articles by Anna Wiener, Vanessa Hua, Michele Masneri, Mark Arax and, along with photographs by Nic Coury, Brian Goldstone.

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“The population of California has nearly doubled since 1980, its current stagnation notwithstanding. However, the building of new homes and apartment units has not grown at the same pace.” What happened to “California Dreamin’ ” and all that? The short answer is that California is going through a process of widespread gentrification, which Wikipedia defines as “the process of changing the character of a neighbourhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses”. Typically, the phenomenon affects working-class areas, which undergo sudden changes and lose their identity through increases in the cost of living.

Sunbelt Blues: The Failure of American Housing
by Andrew Ross
Published 25 Oct 2021

Most of their residents are ill-paid workers in retail, hospitals, restaurants, childcare, housecleaning, or construction, not financial or tech employees with stock options. So, too, as inner-city public housing complexes succumb to the bulldozer, and rooming houses and SRO (single-room occupancy) buildings fall prey to gentrification, more and more low-income families are living in hotels, motels, and inns on the urban fringe or beyond it. Motels in particular, whether or not they are designated as “extended stay,” have become the default residence for a significant mass of Americans priced out of the rental and homeownership markets.25 Countless others are doubled up, reliant on the goodwill of relatives or friends with a room or sofa to spare, and who may be in need of extra cash to pay their own bills.

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In one decade, between 2007 and 2017, ticket prices increased by 50 percent, despite complaints about overcrowding and laments about “leaving behind the middle class.” In 1971, when the park opened, one-day admission for an adult cost $3.50, or $22.24 in 2019 dollars, whereas the equivalent 2019 ticket price was as much as $129.6 Given the stagnation of average American wages over the last four decades, these numbers speak to the increasing gentrification of the theme park experience. At least one commentator has pointed out that Disney “doesn’t really know the maximum price that a guest will pay for a ticket to their theme parks.”7 Nor do middlemen and hucksters know of a limit to how much prospective visitors will pay for “discounted” tickets; roadside signs advertising these kinds of dodgy deals pop up as soon as you cross the Florida state line from Georgia, hundreds of miles to the north.

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The countercharge that a head tax is a “job killer” is standard Chamber of Commerce fare, cynically masking the self-interest of its corporate members.36 Not all the blame for the housing crisis can be laid directly at the door of the big tech companies. However, they are an easy public target because it is widely believed that their high-wage employees contribute to gentrification, displacement, and rising rents in areas within commuting range of their workplaces. But what about large service industry employers like Disney? Their employees are much closer to the poverty line and experience homelessness on a routine basis. Surely addressing their housing insecurity lies within Disney’s orbit of responsibility even more than obligation for housing in Seattle and the Bay Area lies with the tech giants?

City on the Verge
by Mark Pendergrast
Published 5 May 2017

What about other neighborhoods around the future BeltLine? What about neighborhoods that have always been relatively poor? CHAPTER 11 SOUTH BELTLINE: A SLOW DANCE TO BETTER COMMUNITIES It’s time to retire the term gentrification altogether.… The media focus on gentrification has obscured problems that actually are serious: the increasing isolation of poor, minority neighborhoods and the startling spread of extreme poverty. —John Buntin, “The Myth of Gentrification,” Slate, 2015 Mary Porter, born in 1947, grew up in the South Atlanta neighborhood, originally known as Brownsville, founded by freed slaves after the Civil War; there black residents turned back white police and vigilantes during the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906.

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The southwestern segment, he wrote, “alone solves few transportation problems.” Perhaps, however, “if the redevelopable territory associated with the Belt Line is handled appropriately, future population and employment growth on those sites will support it.” That growth would be equitable, he hoped. Elsewhere in Atlanta, he acknowledged, “the gentrification of neighborhoods by the middle class is homogenizing older communities, pushing out the resident poor.” He hoped the BeltLine would somehow mitigate such trends but suggested no methodology. At least Gravel raised the issue of affordable housing, but efforts to resolve it satisfactorily through the BeltLine would be frustrating.

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The carefully drawn TAD boundaries excluded areas with single-family homes so that potential developments would not threaten to encroach on established residential neighborhoods, including affluent Buckhead properties. According to Georgia law, the whole TAD rationale was to improve areas that were “economically and socially depressed” when viewed as a whole. That designation certainly applied to poverty-stricken, mostly black neighborhoods to the south and west. As those areas attracted growth, however, gentrification might very well push out poor residents. Deborah Scott, the African American executive director of the Georgia Strategic Alliance for New Directions and Unified Policies (STAND-UP), a new nonprofit promoting community benefits, pushed for the hiring of locals in building the BeltLine and to set aside 25 percent of the TAD bond money for “workforce” housing.* In the end, that figure dropped to 15 percent, which was supposed to pay for 5,600 affordable housing units over a twenty-five-year time frame.

Border and Rule: Global Migration, Capitalism, and the Rise of Racist Nationalism
by Harsha Walia
Published 9 Feb 2021

(London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2004), 133-62. 28.Julhas Alam, “Bangladesh Garment Workers Seek Unpaid Wages as Orders Stop,” AP News, April 16, 2020, https://apnews.com/181650f23661c91c8757d85c5491c883. 29.Conrad Duncan, “Bangladesh Fire Leaves ‘50,000 People Homeless’ after Slum Destroyed in Capital of Dhaka,” Independent, August 17, 2019, www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bangladesh-fire-slum-destroyed-homeless-blaze-dhaka-capital-a9063871.html. 30.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, “Sustainable Development Goals Statistics,” 2019, https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/goal-11/. 31.Tanner Howard, “Are Planners Partly to Blame for Gentrification?” Citylab, March 29, 2019, www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/urban-planning-gentrification-capital-city-samuel-stein/585262/. 32.Gita Dewan Verma, Slumming India: A Chronicle of Slums and Their Saviours (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2002), xix. 33.Neil Smith, “Gentrification in Berlin and the Revanchist State,” Policing Crowds, October 20, 2007, http://policing-crowds.org/urbanization/homelessness/homeless/neil-smith-gentrification-in-berlin-and-the-revanchist-state/. 34.UN, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, International Migration Report 2017: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/404), www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf. 35.Adam Hanieh, “The Contradictions of Global Migration,” in Socialist Register 2019: A World Turned Upside Down?

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asked a caller to a conservative radio talk show on which I appeared, against my better judgment. Discussing an anti-gentrification rally planned by women in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, one of the poorest neighborhoods in Canada, I was outlining the lived experiences of escalating displacement, homelessness, and police violence when a caller hopped on and referenced my migrant justice organizing against detentions and deportations. I was being baited, of course, but the question nagged at me for months. Anti-gentrification struggles push back against the forces of racial capitalism and the entitlement of those seeking to solidify their power, as they profit from and police neighborhoods already under siege.

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Often expressed in the colonial language of “barren land” and “frontier,” this private property relation spatially segregates the wealthy from the impoverished, illustrated by gated communities situated alongside slums and ghettos. Urban planning is dictated by developers, local tax schemes, rent extraction regulations, bylaws criminalizing poverty and street economies, and gentrification turning monuments to culture into towers of glass. Neil Smith articulates: “Gentrification has become a strategy within globalization itself; the effort to create a global city is the effort to attract capital and tourists.”33 Like EPZs bifurcating labor power, this racialized class ordering reorganizes urban space and displaces poor people by commodifying “dead capital” land that poor people live on but do not own as private property.

I Hate the Internet: A Novel
by Jarett Kobek
Published 3 Nov 2016

The beauty of the city was not outweighing its annoying residents. The word used to describe the insanity of the moment was gentrification, but no one knew what gentrification meant, not really, and most people did not understand what was happening. Christine was one of these people. She had lived in the city for almost two decades. She was caught up in a whirlwind of change. She had no idea what the fuck was going on. It was as if she’d been hit by one of the Ford F-150s advertised on Twitter. Gentrification was what happened to a city when people with an excess of capital wanted their capital to produce more capital while not attributing any value to labor.

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It was rocky until it wasn’t. At some point it became solid. J. Karacehennem went north. He moved into the apartment of The Hangman’s Beautiful Daughter, which was located on Bryant between 23rd and 24th in the Mission District, a historically Latino and working-class neighborhood which was ground zero for gentrification driven by obscene Internet wealth. The apartment sported several strange features. It was 1,000 square feet but it had no interior walls. It was one giant room. The floors were all grey masonite. The Hangman’s Beautiful Daughter had installed a 15-foot tall tree into the middle of the room.

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Sometimes it feels like there are only eleven people in the world and that the rest are paste. Baby didn’t leave New York because of the rent on his own apartment. He left because all the wonderful queers were chased off Manhattan island. All the beautiful freaks. They were chased away because they had no money. Manhattan had experienced extreme gentrification. Some moved to Brooklyn. Others left the city. Baby refused to move to Brooklyn. He was too much of a snob. He chose Massachusetts because he decided to marry his long term boyfriend, a failed architect named Massimo Colletta. At the time, Massachusetts was the only place in America where gay people could get married to other gay people of the same gender.

Floating City: A Rogue Sociologist Lost and Found in New York's Underground Economy
by Sudhir Venkatesh
Published 11 Sep 2013

In Hell’s Kitchen, Rudy Giuliani’s ambitious cleanup had brought in tourist dollars and whirlwind gentrification. In Midtown, multinational corporations were building new headquarters. On Wall Street, the financial services sector was booming with an energy that seemed almost manic. All over the city, middle- and upper-class people were beginning a historic migration back from the suburbs. All of this was visible to the naked eye and much celebrated in the media. But people in the underground were on the move too, and these equally enormous changes seemed to be happening without comment or notice. The waves of gentrification sent thousands of underclass strivers in search of their own new markets and new places to work.

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In this sense, Hell’s Kitchen had become a sort of postmodern neighborhood, stuck between genres—just like the world music my more artsy academic colleagues admired. Once again, all this would have been a rare sight in Chicago. Gentrification and urban development took place there, to be sure. Indeed, the national program of “urban renewal” was first developed in Chicago in an effort to reclaim seedy areas. But Chicago mayors typically sent bulldozers into down-and-out neighborhoods and then resold the land for private development—sports stadiums, universities, highways. It was a rapid-fire form of social bleaching. Gentrification in New York was like an IV drip. As old buildings came down, property changed hands, creating new neighborhoods in a more organic way.

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A minority since the early 1970s, whites now made up 77 percent of all Manhattan apartment buyers, and the homes they purchased were often rehabbed rental units that once housed minorities and the working poor. The city was gentrifying at a pace that had not been seen in decades. The laborers were relegated to the outer boroughs. And with gentrification, New York was becoming a city of sharp contrasts. As Sassen wrote pointedly, 90 percent of the highest-paid professionals arriving in the new New York City were white and their conspicuous consumption and service needs were spawning entire industries, which were mostly staffed by minorities coming from distant homes.

The City on the Thames
by Simon Jenkins
Published 31 Aug 2020

Activism has been a constant theme, and I now pass through the city like a veteran soldier, bearing daily witness to past victories and defeats. It can be elating and depressing. My interest in London’s appearance is specific and deliberate. It is for the London of all time, not the same London but the same sort of London. Battles over gentrification, poverty, schooling and public housing are real and important, but I believe urban politics should never privilege the current generation. We have a right to be heard. But the city we briefly inhabit will survive, and what matters is the city we pass on to the future. I shudder to think what generations to come will say of our handling of London’s skyline just as we shudder at what our parents and grandparents did after the Second World War.

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Conservation replaced public with private money. Large areas of central London began to change character as home owners and landlords sold to those able to spend on restoration. This was inevitably controversial, as existing residents were gradually replaced by newcomers, a process described by the sociologist Ruth Glass as gentrification. A Rent Act in 1957 had partly decontrolled rents, still leaving so-called sitting tenants with a degree of security. But there was now an incentive for landlords not just to increase rents but to induce tenants to leave, to make way for renovation and sale. The most notorious early practitioner of what came to be called ‘winkling’ was Kensington’s Peter Rachman.

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He concentrated on ousting elderly tenants and selling to West Indian and other immigrants, often profiting from overcrowding. This led to belated measures to curb such action. Rachman’s core properties, off Westbourne Park Road, were later cleared by Westminster for its Westbourne Gardens estate. As it was, gentrification soon developed a degree of self-mockery. The estate agent Roy Brooks published advertisements in the Observer promoting semi-derelict properties as ‘challenging… promising… in need of love… would suit desperate writer in search of something sordid’. Middle-class parents would profess shock at the parts of London into which their children were moving.

Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design
by Matthew Carmona , Tim Heath , Steve Tiesdell and Taner Oc
Published 15 Feb 2010

A counter argument is made by Andres Duany, who argues that we should give ‘three cheers for gentrification’ because there is ‘nothing more unhealthy’ for a city than a monoculture of poverty in its inner city neighbourhoods. Whether induced by public policy or spontaneous, he argues that once gentrification begins it is difficult to stop: ‘Its motive force is great urbanism: well-proportioned streets, a good mix of activities in useful types of buildings, and a certain architectural quality.’ (Duany 2001: 2). By contrast, he argues, one proven technique that avoids gentrification and holds down prices is to give people bad design, because gentrification is essentially a process of real estate seeking its proper value.

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Thus, the places that revive are inherently attractive enough to be sought out by the affluent, while the places that resist gentrification are those where the housing is poorly designed or the quality of the urban space is mediocre: ‘Thus the most surefire technique for permanently preventing gentrification is to provide dismal architectural and urban design.’ (Duany 2001: 3). For Duany, the solution to gentrification is to build more new-traditional neighbourhoods, so that older neighbourhoods do not become over-valued through scarcity. Whether this would counter the effects of gentrification is doubtful given that such processes are typically spurred on by the initial low value of much dilapidated older housing stock and the attraction this holds for the types of urban pioneers required to instigate the process.

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These trends are of particular concern for urban designers because, in recent years, urban design has been accused of facilitating gentrification through physical interventions in the built environment – trends seen by many commentators as socially divisive and undesirable. Gentrification is a politically loaded term. The political right generally prefers less ideologically charged words such as regeneration, revitalisation and renaissance, which are seen as ‘natural’ processes of city development in which some displacement is inevitable and might even be desirable. For the political left, such terms are merely ciphers for ‘gentrification’. Hackworth (2002: 815), for example, defines it as ‘… the production of space for progressively more affluent uses.’

On Bicycles: A 200-Year History of Cycling in New York City
by Evan Friss
Published 6 May 2019

How Cities Made a Huge Mistake in Promoting Cycling,” Financial Post, December 1, 2017, http://business.financialpost.com/opinion/lawrence-solomon-ban-the-bike-how-cities-made-a-huge-mistake-in-promoting-cycling; Jeremiah Moss, Vanishing New York: How a Great City Lost Its Soul (New York: HarperCollins, 2017), 210, 324; Tuckel and Milczarski, “Bike Lanes + Bike Share Program = Bike Safety.” For a smart take on the relationship between cycling and gentrification see Stehlin, “Business Cycles: Race, Gentrification, and the Making of Bicycle Space in the San Francisco Bay Area.”   67.  Michael Crowley, “Honk, Honk, Aaah,” New York, March 17, 2009, http://nymag.com/news/features/56794/; Michael Bloomberg, review excerpt on book jacket, Sadik-Khan and Solomonow, Streetfight.   68.  

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And there were those who commuted for environmental, personal health, practical, and other reasons.59 And yet bicycles also became a symbol of the new wave of young urban professionals known as Yuppies. When Newsweek magazine declared 1984 the “Year of the Yuppie,” a cartoonish man in a suit, riding his bike over a bridge in Central Park, presumably on his way to work, was on the cover. Later in the decade, Spike Lee’s masterpiece Do the Right Thing teased the very real tensions of gentrification through a scene in which a white gentrifier literally scuffs up a black man’s Air Jordan sneakers and metaphorically ruins his Brooklyn neighborhood. The clumsy white guy is wearing a Boston Celtics jersey and has a bicycle, both symbols that he does not belong. At the same time, across the East River poor blacks worked as messengers.

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But the twenty-first-century fights riled more New Yorkers than ever before.30 The first Bloomberg-era bike lane tempest swirled around the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn. Running alongside the East River, Kent Avenue hugged the edge of north Brooklyn. (It might very well have been called New Brooklyn, considering its rapid development and gentrification.) In 2008, the DOT sought approval from the local community board to transform Kent Avenue into a piece of a larger waterfront greenway. With permission secured, the DOT prepared to pave a two-way “bike superhighway.”31 There was the usual grumbling that it would cut into road space and parking spots, but the particular demographics of the neighborhood presented another concern.

Radical Cities: Across Latin America in Search of a New Architecture
by Justin McGuirk
Published 15 Feb 2014

In The Mystery of Capital de Soto writes: ‘Without formal property, no matter how many assets they accumulate or how hard they work, most people will not be able to prosper in a capitalist society.’ But this is not what Turner was arguing. As an anarchist, he was no advocate of standard right-wing economics. And de Soto’s theory, which has been highly influential, is ultimately destructive, resulting in the inevitable gentrification that forces the poor out of the expensive inner city. Instead of the market value of housing, Turner was asserting its ‘use value’. Most significantly of all, Turner took the view, long before it was fashionable, that the slums were sites of resourcefulness and creativity. As we shall see, this was a position that would later backfire when the World Bank used it to support a neoliberal agenda that effectively relieved governments of the duty to address the housing problem at all.

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After General Pinochet ousted Allende in 1973, he handed responsibility for housing back to the private sector and banned the land invasions, forcing the existing campamentos to become denser and denser. Pinochet forcibly removed tens of thousands of families from profitable parts of the city to make way for market-driven gentrification. It was the same combination of brutal authoritarianism and liberal economics deployed by dictatorships across the continent. However, in 1979 the junta introduced the housing subsidy system that is still in use today. In the 1980s developers built around one million units speculatively, in three-storey housing blocks.

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On one level this is a non-story. Europeans moving into a few favelas in the choicest locations is of little consequence, considering that there are around one thousand favelas in Rio. And yet it is of enormous significance to the perception of these long-vilified settlements. The prospect of gentrification reveals them to be desirable real estate at last, and thus subject to the same market forces that make Rio home to some of the highest property prices in the world. This highlights an essential paradox faced by the municipality with regards to its various slum upgrading programmes: is it possible to improve quality of life in the favelas without subjecting the residents to a process that will force them out altogether?

The View From Flyover Country: Dispatches From the Forgotten America
by Sarah Kendzior
Published 24 Apr 2015

Lee was criticized by many for “hipster-bashing,” including African-American professor John McWhorter, who claimed that “hipster” was a “sneaky way of saying ‘honkey’” and compared Lee to television character George Jefferson. These dismissals, which focus on gentrification as culture, ignore that Lee’s was a critique of the racist allocation of resources. Black communities whose complaints about poor schools and city services go unheeded find these complaints are readily addressed when wealthier, whiter people move in. Meanwhile, longtime locals are treated as contagions on the landscape, targeted by police for annoying the new arrivals. Gentrifiers focus on aesthetics, not people. Because people, to them, are aesthetics. Proponents of gentrification will vouch for its benevolence by noting it “cleaned up the neighborhood.”

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If you’re an economic conservative, despite how ironic and sarcastic you may be or how tight your jeans are, you, my friend, are a conservative…” Lee tells me he has his own plan to try to mitigate the negative effects of gentrification, which he calls “50-50-20-15.” All employers who launch businesses in gentrifying neighborhoods should have a workforce that is at least 50 percent minorities, 50 percent people from the local neighborhood, and 20 percent ex-offenders. The employees should be paid at least $15 per hour. Gentrification spreads the myth of native incompetence: that people need to be imported to be important, that a sign of a neighborhood’s “success” is the removal of its poorest residents.

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“People” are those who can afford to view poverty through the lens of aesthetics as they pass it by. Urban decay becomes a set piece to be remodeled or romanticized. This is hipster economics. Influx of Hipsters In February, director Spike Lee delivered an impassioned critique—derisively characterized as a “rant” by U.S. media outlets—on the gentrification of New York City. Arguing that an influx of “… hipsters” had driven up rent in most neighborhoods—and in turn driven out the African-American communities that once called them home—he noted how long-dormant city services suddenly reappeared: “Why does it take an influx of white New Yorkers in the south Bronx, in Harlem, in Bed Stuy, in Crown Heights for the facilities to get better?

Silicon City: San Francisco in the Long Shadow of the Valley
by Cary McClelland
Published 8 Oct 2018

These stories speak not just to San Francisco or California, but to America. San Francisco isn’t a petri dish sealed off from the rest of the country. It is the product of historical forces and shaped by national and international trends. Wealth inequality is an American problem. The changing workforce, rapid gentrification, infrastructure collapse, climate change, overcrowded prisons, struggling schools, atrophied public institutions—these are problems in any city, in any state across the country. The Bay Area is an experiment in what happens when each of these problems is turned up to 11—what happens when the tech sector fuels changes in the private sector without the public sector being able to keep up—what happens when diversity and disparity combine and combust.

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MARGARET ZHAO She grew up in the Richmond, a residential neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco, running along Golden Gate Park to the Pacific. She went to school on the East Coast, thinking she might stay there. But she returned and made her career in tech. She now lives in an old townhouse blocks from her childhood home. She is curled up on the sofa covered in blankets. The Richmond was one of the last bastions against true gentrification. I wouldn’t say it’s really working class. But it’s normal people. It’s not affluent. Not a lot of people move to San Francisco to live in the Richmond. You had a lot of families, a lot of single-family homes that people owned outright because they’d lived there a long, long time. Only recently, when I tell people that I was born here, they’re like, “Oh, wow.

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They gave every principal $100,000 conditioned on the school district not telling them what to do with it, and you can’t believe what these principals have done. You can even look at the test scores. Principals are comparing best practices. And that will spread to the rest of the city. I started this group called One City because of the gentrification issue. Believe me, everyone in San Francisco knows about it. We’re trying to say, Hey, wait a minute, this is one city, let’s all treat it like it’s one city. That’s our new mantra. Tech people, and the people in Chinatown, and the progressives, and the haters—the ones who are stopping Google buses—all of us are one.

The Complacent Class: The Self-Defeating Quest for the American Dream
by Tyler Cowen
Published 27 Feb 2017

But over the last few decades, the interest in those kinds of transportation-based, landscape-transforming projects largely has faded away. Elon Musk’s hyperloop plans will remain on the drawing board for the foreseeable future, and the settlement of Mars is yet farther away. Urban progress is less transformational and more a matter of making more neighborhoods look and act like the nicer neighborhoods—namely gentrification. When it comes to transportation, mostly we are hoping to avoid greater suffering, such as worse traffic, cuts in bus service, or the rather dramatic declines in service quality experienced in the Washington, DC, Metro system. I argue that the physical world matters no less today, but we are in denial about its power and relevance.

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And the reason is that those cities are so, so expensive, at least in the parts where most productive workers are willing to live.32 Compare today to the 1950s. At that time, a typical apartment in New York City rented for about $60 a month, or, adjusting for inflation, about $530 a month. Today you can’t find a broom closet in the East Village for that amount. Even in the South Bronx there is gentrification, and some new apartments are going up for a projected $3,750 a month for a small-one bedroom abode. Many parking spaces in fact cost more than the going rate for a 1950s NYC apartment.33 Or to put that 1950s rent in perspective, the U.S. median wage at that time was about $5,000 a year, so a typical New Yorker spent as little as 10 percent of salary on rent, or perhaps even less to the extent that New Yorkers were earning more than other typical Americans.

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As we will see later, this fact has diminished their chances to enjoy some of the drivers of upward mobility, such as exposure to better schools and safer neighborhoods, just as they have been priced out of some very nice parts of Fairfax and Vienna, Virginia, as I explained earlier. In other words, income mixing is being denied to some of the groups who might benefit from it most, again mostly as a result of broader social structural forces—especially high rent due to gentrification—rather than due to explicit racism or prejudice.2 So where is income segregation happening at its most extreme? It’s basically the Amtrak corridor at the most income-segregated end of the distribution—with Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk, Connecticut, coming in at the top, followed by New York City, Philadelphia, and Newark to round out the top four.

After the Gig: How the Sharing Economy Got Hijacked and How to Win It Back
by Juliet Schor , William Attwood-Charles and Mehmet Cansoy
Published 15 Mar 2020

The “revolution” in goods sharing turned out to be a bust.14 Studies of Uber and Lyft show that they cause congestion, increase air and carbon pollution, and pull people off public transportation.15 These findings put the lie to the sector’s green promises. Short-term rentals are contributing to gentrification, as they lead to reductions in the supply of rental housing, rising rents, and tourist takeover of central neighborhoods.16 The platforms also raise privacy concerns. Uber execs were caught spying on critical journalists whose whereabouts they could track through their app.17 And there’s evidence that rather than leveling social differences, platforms are reinforcing them.

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We have analyzed the experiences of workers on for-profit platforms and investigated the relationship between technology and the labor process. We have studied participants’ motivations, including for making social change. Our research includes analyses of racial discrimination, social class exclusion, and gentrification. We have findings about the ratings mechanisms used by digital sites. We have explanations for why the nonprofit sites have been unable to grow like the for-profits. Appendix A includes more detail on our research methods, and throughout the book we provide references to the journal articles, book chapters, and other pieces we’ve written, most of which can be found on our project website.24 These writings include individual cases and cross-case analyses.

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He was like go through the service entrance. You mean like a poor door or something like that? They had a poor door.” (A poor door isn’t an old-style service entrance; it’s a separate, inferior door for affordable housing tenants in luxury buildings.) Phuong had been a community organizer and is highly attuned to gentrification and growing inequality. “So when I’m thrown into this rich world where I’m taking from the rich, it feels okay, but at the same time it’s like I’m losing the idea of trying to fix morals or something like that. It’s very demeaning.” Phuong’s need to earn tips also felt humiliating. One of the things he liked about his restaurant job was that he was back of house and didn’t need to be “very inauthentic to myself” to please the customer.

Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong About the Future of Transportation
by Paris Marx
Published 4 Jul 2022

Los Angeles has been suffering from the general trend of increasing house prices in major cities caused by a series of factors that include the financialization of the housing market, the mass buying of housing by private equity firms after the 2008 financial crisis, and the lack of housing construction, particularly of social housing and units affordably priced for the working class. But prices increased more in areas that had greater access to transit than those that did not, leading to a form of transit gentrification that makes it more difficult for lower-income residents, particularly people of color, to remain in neighborhoods that get better transit service.17 As a result, some of those residents oppose plans to improve transit access or bike infrastructure in their communities because they are seen as symbols of gentrification—as a sign that they will be forced out of their neighborhoods as new mobility options cause prices to increase and attract higher-income people to move in.

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It is one thing to make cars and trucks safer, but it is quite another to reduce automobile usage altogether and eliminate the risks they pose in the first place. These movements successfully defeated freeways, won new environmental protections, and established new safety standards, but they failed to undo the much deeper legal and regulatory structures that were promoting the exodus to the suburbs, automotive supremacy, and the gentrification of cities to serve capital. We can build more livable and sustainable communities that address those problems, but dismantling the regime that created them requires us to understand how it got this way in the first place. Over the course of the past century, state policy has been essential to the remaking of cities for the automobile.

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There was undoubtedly positive coverage of dockless scooters as they arrived in more cities across the country, but the reaction—and coverage of it—in San Francisco was particularly negative. These were the people on the front lines of “disruption,” and after suffering through the effects of Uber on their streets, the gentrification of their neighborhoods as housing prices skyrocketed with the influx of tech workers, and all the new technological solutions being trialed by the start-ups constantly trying to find the next big idea, it seemed like residents had finally had enough. Early on, they recognized that these new companies offering dockless bike and e-scooter options, which collectively became known as micromobility, were not simply trying to get people to adopt a new service, but were staking a claim to some of the little remaining public space in the city, and residents were not going to let it go without a fight.

Starbucked: A Double Tall Tale of Caffeine, Commerce, and Culture
by Taylor Clark
Published 5 Nov 2007

One might ask if the company is really causing all of this, or if Starbucks is just smart enough to piggyback onto a community at the right time. In other words, is Starbucks the horse pulling the gentrification cart, or, as the Brookings Institution researchers imply, is it merely a symptom of gentrification already in progress? No one contests that a Starbucks can give a neighborhood a more boutiquey, affluent appearance, but for the most part, the company’s stores seem to be an effect of gentrification, not a cause. Though Starbucks has sometimes cooperated with the basketball star Magic Johnson to open coffee-houses in historically blighted urban areas, it generally targets communities that are either well-off or going in that direction.

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When residents resist Starbucks’s advances, they do so out of worry over a unique set of local effects: changing neighborhood character, soaring property values, increasing tourism and traffic — in short, things we usually group under the touchy concept of “gentrification.” To some, the company is inextricably linked with this controversial phenomenon; a 2001 Brookings Institution report on the topic even listed the arrival of Starbucks stores as a sign of gentrification in progress, along with new art galleries, music clubs, and businesses that offer valet parking. Locals also chafe at the idea that Starbucks will bulldoze its way into their neighborhood no matter what anyone says, and they fear that any cash spent at the chain will stream back to its corporate headquarters, sucking the community dry.

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Two useful books for understanding the opposition to large chains are Naomi Klein, No Logo (New York: Picador, 2002); and Stacy Mitchell, Big-Box Swindle: The True Cost of Mega-Retailers and the Fight for America’s Independent Business (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006). For a very thorough discussion of gentrification, see Maureen Kennedy and Paul Leonard, Dealing with Neighborhood Change: A Primer on Gentrification and Policy Choices, April 2001, which is available at the Brookings Institution Web site: http://www.brookings.edu. Page 150. J. K. Dineen, “Starbucks Sparks Battle in Japantown,” San Francisco Examiner, May 17, 2005. Page 150, footnote. Patricia Sellers, “Starbucks: The Next Generation,” Fortune, April 4, 2005.

The Retreat of Western Liberalism
by Edward Luce
Published 20 Apr 2017

Little wonder the tone of our politics has shifted so markedly from hope to nostalgia.37 Unlike during the early Industrial Revolution, today’s poor are not intentionally being displaced. Instead they are being silently priced out of their homes. They are falling victim to creeping gentrification, or what Spike Lee, the American film-maker, calls ‘the motherfuckin’ Christopher Columbus Syndrome’.38 In the US they call this reverse white flight, as the offspring of the suburban well-to-do reclaim the downtown wards and boroughs their parents and grandparents fled in the post-war era. The term gentrification was coined by Ruth Glass, a British academic, who was commenting on an early version of the trend in 1960s London. Today, no single London borough has a working-class majority.

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_r=0>. 35 Frank Newport, ‘Fewer Americans identify as middle class’, Gallup, 28 April 2015, <http://www.gallup.com/poll/182918/fewer-americans-identify-middle-class-recent-years.aspx>. 36 Michael Young, ‘Down with meritocracy’, Guardian, 28 June 2001, <https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/jun/29/comment>. 37 I elaborate this point in my column ‘The end of American meritocracy’, Financial Times, 8 May 2016, <https://www.ft.com/content/c17d402a-12cf-11e6-839f-2922947098f0>. 38 Joe Coscarelli, ‘Spike Lee’s amazing rant against gentrification: “We been here!”’, New York Magazine, 25 February 2014, <http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/02/spike-lee-amazing-rant-against-gentrification.html>. 39 Richard Florida, The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class – and What We Can Do About It (Basic Books, New York, 2017), p. 132. 40 Ibid. 41 Ibid., p. 191. 42 Ibid., p. 159. 43 Mark Muro and Sifan Liu, ‘Another Clinton-Trump divide: high-output America versus low-output America’, Brookings, 29 November 2016, <https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2016/11/29/another-clinton-trump-divide-high-output-america-vs-low-output-america/>. 44 I draw this insightful point from Richard C.

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Richard Florida calls them the ‘new urban Luddites’, who exploit an ‘enormous and complex thicket of zoning laws and other land use regulations’ to keep the others out. Tyler Cowen has coined a new acronym to replace Nimbys (Not in My Backyard): Bananas (Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Near Anything).50 Such risk aversion breeds its own failure. So deeply rooted is gentrification that Richard Florida has now modified his widely acclaimed thesis about the rise of the creative classes. Cities are becoming too successful for their own good. Until recently, he believed they would be the engine rooms of the new economy, embracing the diversity necessary to attract talent. That has certainly happened.

Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution
by David Harvey
Published 3 Apr 2012

Th e primary means by which it is appropriated in urban contexts is, of course, through th e extraction ofland and property rents. 20 A community 78 R E B E L C I T I ES group that struggles to maintain ethnic diversity in its neighborhood and protect against gentrification may suddenly find its property prices (and taxes) rising as real estate agents market the "character" of their neighborho o d to the wealthy as multicultural, street-lively, and diverse. By the time the market has done its destru ctive work, not only have the original resid ents been dispossessed of that common which they had created (often being forced out by rising rents and property taxes), but the common itself becomes so debased as to be unrecognizable. Ne ighborhood revitalization through gentrification in South Balt imore displaced a lively street life, where people sat on their stoops on warm summer n ights and conversed with neighb ors, with air- conditioned and burglar-proofed houses with a BMW parked out front and a rooftop deck, but with no one to be seen on the street.

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When all manner of social movements came together at the US Social Forum in Atlanta in June 2007, to take another example, and decided to form a national Right to the City Alliance (with active chapters in cities such as New York and Los Angeles), in part inspired by what the urban social movements in Brazil had accomplished, they did so without for the most part knowing Lefebvre's name. They had individually concluded after years of struggling on their own particular issues (homelessness, gentrification and displacement, criminalization of the poor and the different, and so on) that the struggle over the city as a whole framed their own particular struggles. Together they thought they might more readily make a difference. And if various movements of an analogous kind can be found elsewhere, it is not simply out of some fealty to Lefebvre's ideas but precisely because Lefebvre's ideas, like theirs, have primarily arisen out of the streets and neighborhoods of ailing cities.

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Not only were the central cities in revolt. Trad itionalists increasingly rallied around Jane Jacobs and sought to counter the brutal modernism of Moses's large-scale projects with a different kind of urban aesthetic that focused on local neighborhood development, and on the historical preservation, and ultimately gentrification, of older areas. But by then the suburbs had been built, and the radical transformation in lifestyle that this betokened had all manner of so cial consequences, leading fem i­ nists, for example, to proclaim the suburb and its lifestyle as the locus of all their primary discontents. As had happened to Haussmann, a crisis b egan to unfold such that Moses fell from grace, and h is solutions came to be seen as inappropriate and unacceptable towards the end of the 1 9 60s.

Who's Your City?: How the Creative Economy Is Making Where to Live the Most Important Decision of Your Life
by Richard Florida
Published 28 Jun 2009

And finally, there is the continued outward movement to the exurbs and edge cities, which are organized around highway interchanges, business parks, and shopping malls.4 But confounding this trend is the worldwide urban shift as well as a significant back-to-the-city movement. A powerful wave of gentrification has swept urban areas, bringing loft housing, condo conversions, historic preservation, new restaurants, retail outlets, and nightlife back to city neighborhoods. Some even predict that this trend may soon recede, as housing becomes less affordable for the very groups that powered the gentrification in the first place. Alan Ehrenhalt dubs this “the demographic inversion.”5 One of the many upshots of these two competing movements, according to leading demographers and political sociologists, is a new “sorting” of population by values, culture, and politics.

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The article notes that sociologists and policy makers have long thought of artists, designers, musicians, and writers as urban pioneers—economic cure-alls who stimulate local economies and drive up neighborhood real estate values with their presence. Regional economist Ann Markusen and her colleagues call this phenomenon the artistic dividend.14 Similarly, sociologists have shown how gentrification, frequently set in motion by artists, creatives, and gays, pushes up urban housing prices. Mellander and I probed all of these factors and more in our study. We looked closely at the effects of high-tech industry, human capital, high-paid workers and occupations, wages and incomes, and artist, bohemian, and gay populations.

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Once a magnet for immigrants, working families, and the older poor, they are now attracting twenty- and thirty-somethings drawn mainly by proximity and housing prices. Unfortunately urban mosaics, almost by definition, are neighborhoods in flux. They teeter between poverty and disrepair on the one hand, and total gentrification, which eliminates their diversity, on the other. Another option is one I call the hipster haven. With just the right combination of city grit and posh, hipster havens tend to attract a relatively affluent crowd—that doesn’t want to appear too affluent. Music scenes, nightclubs, and coffee shops pop up everywhere in their wake, as older residents either cash out or are pushed out.

How to Do Nothing
by Jenny Odell
Published 8 Apr 2019

* * * — JUST A DAY before reading Vivrekar’s thesis, I had seen the film Blindspotting at an old Oakland theater in Grand Lake. Daveed Diggs (of Hamilton fame) and the poet Rafael Casal, both of whom grew up in the East Bay, wrote and starred in what is essentially a virtuosic poem on the gentrification of Oakland. In the film, Diggs plays Collin, a young black man in the last days of his yearlong probation after prison, and Casal plays Miles, his hot-tempered white friend from childhood. Tantalizingly close to a year without incident, Collin struggles emotionally after witnessing a white police officer gun down a black man running and yelling, “Don’t shoot!”

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It happens much earlier, in Johansson Projects, a small gallery downtown. Collin and Miles are visiting a middle-aged photographer who makes portraits of Oakland residents. As the camera zooms in on each portrait, bringing the eyes of each subject into focus, the photographer tells Collin and Miles that this is his way of fighting gentrification: by presenting viewers with the faces of the people being pushed out. Then, seemingly out of the blue, he asks Collin and Miles to stand and look at each other without speaking. Initially sheepish, the two oblige, and what follows is a long, weird, magical moment. The camera cuts back and forth, but we can have no idea what each is seeing in the other.

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Spatial proximity has everything to do with it, since the urban experience is a state of tension maintained against the instinct to disperse: It would be possible for this encounter not to last if the constancy of external constraints did not maintain it in a constant state in the face of the temptation of dispersion, did not literally impose its law of proximity without asking men for their opinion; their society thus emerges behind their backs, so to speak, and their history emerges as the dorsal, unconscious constitution of this society.4 * * * — THE DAY AFTER I saw Blindspotting at the theater near my apartment, I was walking around Lake Merritt, thinking about the role I might be playing in gentrification by having moved to the place I did, when I did. As if on cue, a group of local elementary school children came up to me, each holding a clipboard, and announced in a businesslike fashion that they were doing a project about Oakland and wanted to ask me some questions. The first one was seemingly straightforward: “How long have you been part of this community?”

Fulfillment: Winning and Losing in One-Click America
by Alec MacGillis
Published 16 Mar 2021

And it was a stark manifestation of what Quintard Taylor, the chronicler of Black Seattle, had warned of when he published his history of the community in 1994: “Racial toleration is meaningless if people are excluded from the vital economic center and relegated to the margins of the urban economy.” Gentrification and displacement were hardly unique to Seattle—longtime residents were being pushed out of neighborhoods in winner-take-all cities across the country, in Austin and Boston and Brooklyn. But in the Central District, as perhaps only also in San Francisco, the transformation had become so complete that the term “gentrification” no longer really sufficed to capture what had happened. In gentrifying neighborhoods in other cities, one could see friction between old and new, between classes and races.

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Regional inequality was making parts of the country incomprehensible to one another—one world wracked with painkillers, the other tainted by elite-college admission schemes. It was making it difficult to settle on nationwide programs that could apply across such wildly disparate contexts—in one set of places, the housing crisis was about blight and abandonment, while in the other, it was all about affordability and gentrification. Inequality between regions was also worsening inequality within regions. The more prosperity concentrated in certain cities, the more it concentrated within certain segments of those cities, exacerbating long-standing imbalances or driving those of lesser means out altogether. Dystopian elements in cities such as San Francisco—the homeless defecating on sidewalks in a place with $24 lunch salads and one-bedroom apartments renting for $3,600 on average; high-paid tech workers boarding shuttles to suburban corporate campuses while lower-paid workers settled for 200-square-foot “micro-apartments” or dorm-style arrangements with shared bathrooms or predawn commutes from distant cities such as Stockton—were a feature of both local and national inequality.

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Which was what made it all the more surreal to him and Sara that they had ended up where they had. This job wasn’t paying enough, which was one reason, though most definitely not the only reason, why they had landed at Gateway. But Todd had a job. He’d had many jobs. At present, he was making cardboard boxes. * * * Like gentrification in coastal cities, postindustrial decline in the Midwest was too often cast in terms lacking scale and context. Seen from afar, it was a relentless and monolithic deterioration. Seen close up, there were gradations and plateaus. Fatalism fell away, and one could discern the responsibility of specific decisions and political and economic actors.

Social Class in the 21st Century
by Mike Savage
Published 5 Nov 2015

It includes also perhaps the very earliest and best-known example of post-industrial gentrification in London in St Katherine’s Dock, a very exclusive set of converted warehouses around what is now a marina),10 and would also extend to the exclusive Barbican development. But then there is a sharp decline into King’s Cross, Bow and Elephant and Castle before we ascend to the respectability of the 8-kilometre-distant band, which encompasses areas of historic wealth such as Chelsea and Holland Park, with long-established areas of gentrification in Notting Hill and Brixton.11 There follows a drop of over £10,000 in mean incomes in just 10 kilometres, at the 18-kilometres mark, which embraces outer, working class boroughs such as Enfield, Southall, Dagenham and Croydon, another place, interestingly, fighting back in 2013 on two fronts against ‘crap’ and ‘chav’ town labels.

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The inner suburbs of Didsbury, Cheadle and Chorlton-cum-Hardy have also undergone major revival in recent years. While Didsbury and Cheadle constitute solidly middle class suburbs and have had high status for many decades, Chorlton has undergone massive gentrification, which has seen it transformed from a predominantly working class area with a sizeable Irish migrant population in the 1960s to its current bohemian social formation of coffee shops and pricey restaurants.15 It is interesting to note the emergence of a new centre of gentrification around multi-cultural Levenshulme, immediately to the east of the eschewed Moss Side. This is another area of modest Victorian terraces and larger Edwardian semis, traditionally a working class area, but it is now in a similar process of class transition as young professionals with families who cannot afford the cost of housing in established areas like Chorlton move in.

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For further information on these complex geographies, see Niall Cunningham and Ian Gregory, ‘Hard to Miss, Easy to Blame? Peacelines, Interfaces and Political Deaths in Belfast during the Troubles’, Political Geography, 40, 2014, 64–78. 13. Gary Bridge, ‘The Space for Class? On Class Analysis in the Study of Gentrification’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 20(2), 1995, 236–47; Tim Butler, ‘People Like Us: Gentrification and the Service Class in Hackney in the 1980s’, unpublished PhD thesis, Open University (1991); Jon May, ‘Globalization and the Politics of Place: Place and Identity in an Inner London Neighbourhood’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 21(1), 1996, 194–215. 14.

London Like a Local
by Florence Derrick

{map 5} Bethnal Green Old East End flavour lives on here, with stalwarts like Columbia Road Flower Market giving a window to the past. Shabby-chic spaces now house bougie bars and restaurants, tempting young professionals to put down roots in the area. {map 2} Brixton Historically a multiethnic area, with a strong Afro- Caribbean community, Brixton has seen contentious gentrification. Having said that, it’s still hard to beat for powerful street art and buzzing markets. {map 5} Camden Famed for its counterculture, Camden was at the heart of the punk rock movement in the 70s, and Britpop in the mid-90s. Music lovers still journey across the city for a gig here, ideally after a few hours sat by the Regent’s Canal or a bite at Camden Market.

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g Beer Gardens g Contents Google Map THE WHITE HART Map 3; 69 Stoke Newington High Street, Stoke Newington; ///purely.value.slice; www.whitehartstokenewington.com You’d never know that this imposing townhouse pub has the area’s biggest secret garden out back. Make your way through the football-watching crowds clamouring at the bar and out the back to a huge green space dotted with picnic benches and strung with fairy lights. It’s a down-to-earth beer garden that’s not quite succumbed to the area’s gentrification. If you’re peckish, the pub grub is pretty solid, too. g Beer Gardens g Contents Google Map THE PROSPECT OF WHITBY Map 6; 57 Wapping Wall, Wapping; ///blocks.rooms.video; www.greeneking-pubs.co.uk A swaying willow tree, the lapping waters of the Thames, centuries’ old charm; it’s little wonder this Wapping beer garden is a favourite.

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g Beloved Markets g Contents Google Map BRIXTON VILLAGE AND MARKET ROW Map 5; Atlantic Road, Brixton; ///teach.evenly.cape; www.brixtonvillage.com Straddling the frenetic scene of Atlantic Road are Brixton Village and Market Row, a duo of covered markets that symbolize the soul of Black Britain. Gentrification has seen pizza places and chichi boutiques replace much-loved family-run Afro-Caribbean stores; this is London with all its complexities. Forgo the chains and show your support to the original and Black-owned small businesses. g Beloved Markets g Contents Google Map CAMDEN MARKET Map 1; Camden Lock Place; ///highs.latter.puzzle; www.camdenmarket.com You can’t miss this market – it’s under a huge “The Camden Market” sign.

Order Without Design: How Markets Shape Cities
by Alain Bertaud
Published 9 Nov 2018

The scarcity, combined with the environmental quality, induced by regulations has created a continuous process of gentrification. Traditionally, the arrondissements5 located in the western and southern parts of the city were considered bourgeois, while the arrondissements to the east and north were considered working class. In 2016, the entire area within Paris municipality is becoming bourgeois. The distinction is now between type of bourgeoisie: “old bourgeois” like the sixteenth arrondissement or “bourgeois-bohemian” like the nineteenth or twentieth. This massive gentrification is a direct result of the land use regulations that restrict the construction of additional floor space while making Paris more attractive.

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Middle- and low-income households who were traditionally living in the eastern and northern arrondissements are obliged to progressively move out toward the suburbs outside the municipal boundary, limiting their access to transportation and jobs in the city center. The municipality of Paris is attempting to slow down gentrification by purchasing apartments in old buildings and renting them below their market value to middle-income households. However, the impact of such rearguard action against gentrification is very limited because of its high cost. The restrictions on building height in Paris have therefore contributed to shaping the city in a way that was not part of the regulations’ objectives. Paradoxically, regulations, aimed at freezing the building envelope of the city as it was at the end of the nineteenth century, have resulted in two large spatial changes.

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In the case of Paris, it would be possible to calculate the cost of height regulations but much more complex to calculate the benefits that are mostly aesthetic. Every Parisian is aware of these nonquantifiable benefits and, so far, is willing to pay their costs. However, the gentrification that progressively will prevent low- and middle-income households from living in the municipal boundary is a much more serious social problem. No amount of social housing with below-market rents, as promoted by the municipality, could reverse meaningfully the gentrification trend. In this book, I have often compared markets versus design. In Paris, the opposition between the two concepts is clear. There is a very large market demand for floor space in Paris municipality.

Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It
by M. Nolan Gray
Published 20 Jun 2022

At the local level, municipal planners should follow a similar framework and use all available policy levers to ensure a fair distribution of income-restricted housing across neighborhoods, prioritizing its construction in high-opportunity areas. LOCKING IN EQUITY Gentrification is complicated. Over the past decades, middle- and upper-income households have surged back into cities en masse. With insufficient housing construction in high-opportunity areas—largely a function of zoning—many have filed into historically low-income neighborhoods, from Bed-Stuy to Boyle Heights. On the one hand, this has helped to expedite the revitalization and desegregation of cities, even improving outcomes for those low-income residents who stay in place.13 On the other hand, gentrification has raised understandable fears over the displacement of communities as rents and home prices rise.

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This is different from the previously discussed Mount Laurel program, in which the state actually undertakes the Rube Goldbergian task of allocating how much housing each municipality must build over a specified period; under the Chapter 40B program, if income-restricted units don’t account for 10 percent of the stock in any given municipality, its provisions are automatically triggered. 13. Quentin Brummet and David Reed, “The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children,” United States Census Bureau, July 2019, https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2019/adrm/data-linkage-gentrification-effects.html. 14. Emily Hamilton, “Inclusionary Zoning Hurts More Than It Helps,” Mercatus Center Policy Brief, September 2019, https://www.mercatus.org/publications/urban-economics/inclusionary-zoning-hurts-more-it-helps. 15.

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In gentrifying contexts, in particular, CLTs should play an active role in buying up what’s called naturally occurring affordable housing—or housing that’s affordable simply by nature of being old—and managing it subject to formal income restrictions. When it comes to CLTs, Houston might once again serve as a useful model. According to the Dallas Federal Reserve, Houston is undergoing a wave of gentrification, with incomes surging in historically low-income neighborhoods near downtown.16 In response, back in 2018, the Houston City Council granted the Houston Community Land Trust an initial endowment of $1 million with a goal of building or converting 1,100 trust homes within five years.17 Working in conjunction with the Houston Land Bank—tasked with managing vacant, abandoned, and dilapidated properties—development is already under way: as of 2020, the Houston CLT has developed 21 homes at a median sale price of $75,000, well below the citywide median of $240,000.

White City, Black City: Architecture and War in Tel Aviv and Jaffa
by Sharon Rotbard
Published 1 Jan 2005

Details of government assembly, 11 Tishrey 1949 – October 4, 1949: The Annexation of Jaffa to Tel Aviv (with gratitude to Tzvi Efrat). 163. For a detailed analysis of the later developments in Jaffa and the special manners in which worldwide gentrification processes work within the Andromeda Hill project, see Roy Fabian and Daniel Monterescu, ‘The “Golden Cage”: Gentrification and Globalization in the Andromeda Hill Project, Jaffa’, Theory and Criticism (Teoria Ubikoret) (Issue 23, Autumn 2003, guest editor: Ronen Shamir), pp. 141–178. 164. In a recent study, Or Aleksandrowicz claims that in spite of various attempts made following the war, by several parties who tried to leave the false historical impression that the military operations resulted in the total annihilation of Manshieh neighbourhood, the eradication of Manshieh was the result of a premeditated plan that had almost no relation to the damage caused by the military actions.

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The new open areas and the remaining old buildings spread throughout the city, which had survived the Etzel’s assault, provided a picturesque and exotic décor which, after a few years, began to gradually draw in tourists and artists. In time, Jaffa’s old port and the Ajami neighbourhood would become the target of real-estate speculation and gentrification would threaten to wipe Palestinian Jaffa off the map once and for all.163 Eventually, Jaffa’s heritage was conquered as well. A detailed account of the different urban planning policies employed in Jaffa and its satellite villages since May 1948 could quite easily fill a library. Today, the city stands as an encyclopaedia of ruins, a dictionary of destruction.

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In order to encourage Tel Aviv’s seafront hotels and luxury residential strip sprawling southwards (thus finally bridging the empty gap between Jaffa and Tel Aviv), Jaffa’s entire northern part, where Manshieh neighbourhood had been located, was redefined as a leisure and tourism zone. Jaffa’s Turkish railway station, occupied for more than half a century by the IDF, was restored and recycled as an open-air, gated luxury shopping mall. All over Jaffa’s city centre, as well as around the Jaffa port and in the Adjami neighbourhood, the city’s gentrification by gated luxury projects such as that of Andromeda Hill has been spreading on various scales. The port was refurbished and let to shops, restaurants and art galleries; the flea market neighbourhood became a restaurant quarter. The Palestinian Jaffa population, divided between religions and clans, is gradually constrained to emigrate to Israel’s Arab slum hinterland in ‘mixed’ cities such as Ramla and Lydia.

Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers
by Stephen Graham
Published 8 Nov 2016

In the absence of major public engineering works to mitigate the risks of vertical slum living on perilous slopes, the challenge is to fund and sustain pro-poor adaptations and upgrades in building quality, infrastructure, flood protection, and urban design – as well as other key improvements such as potable water supplies, transportation, education, health services, public security, waste disposal and proper sewerage. The challenge, though, as we shall see, is to organise such so-called ‘upgrade’ programmes in ways that avoid the very real risks that shanty settlements will simply become exclusionary sites of gentrification. Such processes tend to force out the very people who first made the tenuous claim on the right to the city, as real estate speculators move in to commodify the spectacular views and newly improved accessibility and infrastructure. Vertical Appropriation In Caracas a further verticality of improvised living has occurred in the downtown area, demonstrating other links between vertical high-rise structures and informal occupation.

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Too often, it is linked to a wider process of aggressive, militarised ‘pacification’ which, while reducing drug and gang crime, works to signal the formal ‘civilising’ of often demonised favelas. In the process, favelas – or at least those in strategic and desirable locations adjacent to richer, tourist zones of the city – are opened up as prime real estate markets and to a whole suite of new ‘legal’ market laws. Often this shift signals spirals of eviction, gentrification, the imposition of dramatic increases in rents and service charges, and the in-migration of professionals increasingly priced out of the adjacent ‘formal’ city. Such risks have been especially prominent in the favelas adjacent to the tourist city within Rio’s build-up to host both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics.

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To Glaeser, there is a simple solution to the contemporary impasse combining extraordinary rates of urbanisation, rapid population growth, a predilection for conserving large swathes of older, lower housing stock and crises in the supply of affordable urban housing. Such a situation, he argues, means that there is little choice but to build up, to build high and to build quickly. Asserting that gentrification and spiralling house prices in many cities are squeezing out lower income groups – an undeniable problem – Glaeser argued that ‘growth, not height restrictions and a fixed building stock, keeps space affordable and ensures that poorer people and less profitable firms can stay and help a thriving city remain successful and diverse.’

Paint Your Town Red
by Matthew Brown
Published 14 Jun 2021

When the council ignored the community’s misgivings, and the community’s own ideas for regeneration, in order to push through a risky and unpopular deal, grassroots Labour party members responded by deselecting pro-HDV councillors as candidates ahead of 2017’s council elections, in favour of those who had expressed opposition. The local elections duly saw the elected Labour group swing against the HDV proposals and their eventual scrapping.15 Events in one London borough brought to a head the unease felt in many areas at the role of local authorities in gentrification and lack of public consultation over outsourcing and the selling-off of local assets, and the frequently close links between councillors and property developers, which leads to suspicions of corruption and cronyism in allocating council contracts. Even looked at on its own terms, the history of outsourcing to private companies like Capita or Carillion is one of inadequacy, ineptitude and failure.16 The flaws in these traditional approaches have both popularly discredited councils and restricted attempts to take models of regeneration in new directions.

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Newham, a borough in East London, has the most diverse population in the entire country, with 72.5% of the borough’s residents in the BAME category and over 100 languages spoken. Nonetheless, the problems that Newham faces are not dissimilar to those faced elsewhere, including insecure employment and stagnant wages compounded by a lack of affordable housing. Newham residents have identified the rapid gentrification reshaping the borough as a particular problem, and one that exacerbates existing racial and class inequalities. While London’s large multinational corporations may create jobs that bring workers to settle in areas like Newham, despite them often commuting to work outside the borough, these jobs are rarely accessible to existing local residents, who end up priced out as local rents and house prices rise while wages fail to keep pace.

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Because of this, Newham has undertaken one of the most ambitious and multifaceted approaches to improving the lives of its residents through a host of community wealth-building initiatives while also ensuring that existing laws designed to protect and improve the quality of life are fully enforced. Rather than continuing previous models of regeneration which concentrate on gentrification, Newham’s council views social justice as the key determinant of progressive local authorities, and its strategy attempts to prioritise the expressed concern of residents with local services and housing. In Newham, 50% of homes are in the private sector, and tenants have seen rents rise by 56% between 2012 and 2019, something which has contributed significantly to the fact that nearly 50% of the residents in the borough live in poverty.

The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a New American Dream
by Christopher B. Leinberger
Published 15 Nov 2008

More unintended consequences will certainly emerge as walkable urbanism expands. LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING The greatest negative, unintended consequence of walkable urbanism is the lack of affordable housing. As the desire increases for walkable urban housing, many places are experiencing rapid gentrification. Gentrification has many positive aspects, including increasing the tax base; improving physical structures, amenities, and services; and initially creating mixedincome neighborhoods after years of being only lower income. However, many of these areas become largely unaffordable for middle and lower income residents.

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Many well built buildings, such as mansions on Spring Garden Boulevard in north Philadelphia, high-end apartment buildings on Georgia Avenue in Washington, D.C., and substantial homes in the Adams section of Los Angeles near the University of Southern California, were written down in value significantly and often divided into low-income apartments. This option has all but disappeared due to gentrification. In addressing the issue of affordable or workforce housing, it is important to understand that new production must be subsidized; the only question is by whom. Developers are faced with rapidly increasing construction costs, due to the inflationary pressure on construction materials due to demand from India and China, and the sharp rises in land prices driven by the demand for walkable urbanism.

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The number of ways to finance affordable housing is nearly unlimited if you know where appreciating land values will be; it is precisely where the land is appreciating that there is a need for affordable housing—a perfect match. Government decisions on transportation and zoning help direct this growth. Techniques mentioned above, particularly value latching, use gentrification to pay for affordable housing.6 WHAT TO DO WITH OBSOLETE DRIVABLE SUB - URBAN HOUSING As discussed in chapter 5, Arthur C. Nelson of Virginia Tech forecasted that owners of between 1 million (optimistic assumptions) and 22 million (probable) large-lot single-family homes in existence in 2000 will have a hard time finding buyers by 2025, due to changing demographics and development patterns outlined in this book.7 Yet for now, drivable suburban development continues to be built due to legal codes, subsidies, financial standards, and developer know-how.

What's Yours Is Mine: Against the Sharing Economy
by Tom Slee
Published 18 Nov 2015

Trading on the commons is a contradiction when the interests of those trading on the commons are incompatible with those who tend the commons. Cultural commons may not be scarce resources that can be used up, like fish stocks, but they can still be degraded by certain kinds of commercial activity. Gentrification is an example. Harvey writes, A community group that struggles to maintain ethnic diversity in its neighborhood and protect against gentrification may suddenly find its property values (and taxes) rising as real estate agents market the “character” of their neighborhood to the wealthy as multicultural, street-lively, and diverse. By the time the market has done its destructive work, not only have the original residents been dispossessed of that common which they had created (often being forced out by rising rents and property taxes), but the common itself becomes so debased as to be unrecognizable.41 Capital demands uniqueness as it demands homogenization.

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But of course our presence is a mixed blessing: too much tourism can erode the very things that make Trastevere so atmospheric and special—especially when those things are the “authentic” life of the locals—raising the cost of living, and putting pressure on property prices. In the end, as tourists you have to hope that the city of Rome and the neighborhood itself find ways to balance the various pressures acting on the place where they live. Not surprisingly, Trastevere does have conflicts over gentrification and the impact of tourism. Here’s a story from last September.42 In 1956 a cinema opened in Trastevere called Cinema America, and it was a feature of the area until it closed, sometime around 2000. In 2004 it was bought by a new set of owners who decided to tear it down and replace it with a parking lot and some apartments.

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Now I don’t know Martin and have made no effort to talk to him, because this is not really about Martin; it’s about Airbnb, and the gap between the idealized “regular people” they present and the reality of multiple-property owners. It’s the gap between their message of caring for neighborhoods and the reality of gentrification driven by uncontrolled tourism, which they are playing a big part in accelerating. Airbnb’s true business in Trastevere is eroding the very qualities that make the district appealing, and it’s exactly the kind of business that the locals of Trastevere are protesting. 4. On the Move with Uber There is one sector of the Sharing Economy that is bigger than ­accommodation, and that’s transit, and specifically ridesharing.

Lonely Planet Pocket Hamburg
by Lonely Planet
Published 1 Mar 2019

Its centrepiece is Lange Reihe: so much of what’s good about St Georg happens along this street or not far away. Running through it all like a thread is a real sense of community. Walk Facts Start Hansaplatz; X Hauptbahnhof-Nord End Bar M&V; X Hauptbahnhof-Nord Length 1km 1Hansaplatz The general gentrification of St Georg has even affected its somewhat seedy central square, the Hansaplatz. Completely renovated in 2011 and fully pedestrianised, the square’s centrepiece is its fountain. Completed in 1878, it shows important figures in Hamburg’s past, including Emperor Constantine the Great and Charlemagne, and is surmounted by a figure showing the might of the Hanseatic League. 2Café Gnosa With its abstract art and in-house bakery, Café Gnosa (%040-243 034; www.gnosa.de; Lange Reihe 93; mains €7-14; h10am-1am) draws an affable gay and straight crowd.

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(Museum for Art & Trade; %040-428 542 732; www.mkg-hamburg.de; Steintorplatz 1; adult/child €12/free, after 5pm Thu €10; h10am-6pm Tue-Sun, to 9pm Thu; XHauptbahnhof-Süd) Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe | BILDAGENTUR-ONLINE/JOKO/ALAMY © 1Segelschule Pieper BOATING MAP GOOGLE MAP Hire your own boat for rowing or paddling (sailing requires a certificate). The calm on the water amidst the city and the views are a delight. (%040-247 578; www.segelschule-pieper.de; An der Alster; h10am-9pm Apr–mid-Oct; XHauptbahnhof-Nord) The Gentrification of St Georg This neighbourhood, made up of large 19th-century apartment blocks for Hamburg’s upper-middle classes, hit a nadir in the 1970s when thoughtless postwar reconstruction combined with a massive influx of drug dealing and prostitution to give it a very sleazy reputation. Things are much gentrified now (look out for the great shops and cafes), and the facelift has even affected St Georg’s central square, the Hansaplatz.

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. (%040-3573 5166; www.mon-le-bon.de; Koppel 76, entry via Lange Reihe 87; mains €14.50-27; h5-11pm Tue-Sun; XHauptbahnhof-Nord) 5Cox MODERN EUROPEAN €€€ MAP GOOGLE MAP Behind its opaque glass doors, this upmarket bistro with fluted columns and period decor was part of the original vanguard of St Georg’s gentrification. Its changing menu of dishes reflects seasonal foods and influences from across the continent. (%040-249 422; www.restaurant-cox.de; Lange Reihe 68; mains lunch €10-18, dinner €17-26; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-10.30pm Mon-Fri, 6.30-10.30pm Sat & Sun; XHauptbahnhof-Nord) Drinking St Georg does late nights as well as any other inner-urban Hamburg neighbourhood, with an excellent scattering of cocktail bars, clubs and wine bars.

Lonely Planet Pocket Hamburg
by Anthony Ham
Published 15 Nov 2022

. (%040-458 119; www.restaurant-dorf.de; Lange Reihe 39; mains €20-24; hnoon-11pm Mon-Fri, from 5pm Sat; XHauptbahnhof-Nord) 5Cox MODERN EUROPEAN €€€ map Google map Behind its opaque glass doors, this upmarket bistro with fluted columns and period decor was part of the original vanguard of St Georg’s gentrification. Its changing menu of dishes reflects seasonal foods and influences from across the continent. (%040-249 422; www.restaurant-cox.de; Lange Reihe 68; mains lunch €10-18, dinner €17-26; hnoon-2.30pm & 6.30-10.30pm Mon-Fri, 6.30-10.30pm Sat & Sun; XHauptbahnhof-Nord) The Gentrification of St Georg This neighbourhood, made up of large 19th-century apartment blocks for Hamburg’s upper-middle classes, hit a nadir in the 1970s when thoughtless postwar reconstruction combined with a massive influx of drug dealing and prostitution to give it a very sleazy reputation.

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Its centrepiece is Lange Reihe: so much of what’s good about St Georg happens along this street or not far away. Running through it all like a thread is a real sense of community. Walk Facts Start Hansaplatz; X Hauptbahnhof-Nord End Bar M&V; X Hauptbahnhof-Nord Length 1km 1Hansaplatz The general gentrification of St Georg has even affected its somewhat seedy central square, the Hansaplatz. Completely renovated in 2011 and fully pedestrianised, the square’s centrepiece is its fountain. Completed in 1878, it shows important figures in Hamburg’s past, including Emperor Constantine the Great and Charlemagne, and is surmounted by a figure showing the might of the Hanseatic League. 2Café Gnosa With its abstract art and in-house bakery, Café Gnosa (%040-243 034; www.gnosa.de; Lange Reihe 93; mains €7-14; h10am-1am) draws an affable gay and straight crowd.

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(Van-der-Smissen-Strasse 9; g112, bKönigstrasse) 1Rote Flora CULTURAL CENTRE map Google map One of the most outstanding remnants of the area’s rougher days, the graffiti-covered Rote Flora looks one step away from demolition. Once the famous Flora Theatre, it’s now an alternative cultural centre with a calendar of new music, protests and events. The city protected it from gentrification in 2014. (%040-439 5413; www.roteflora.de; Schulterblatt 71; hhours vary; bSternschanze) Rote Flora | IMAGEBROKER/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO © 1Altona Museum MUSEUM map Google map This moderately interesting collection is devoted to the art and culture of northern Germany since the 18th century.

Pocket Rough Guide Berlin (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 16 Oct 2019

CONTENTS Introduction When to visit What’s new Where to … Things not to miss Itineraries Places Spandauer Vorstadt The Museum Island Unter den Linden and the government quarter Alexanderplatz and the Nikolaiviertel Potsdamer Platz and Tiergarten Prenzlauer Berg and Wedding Friedrichshain West Kreuzberg East Kreuzberg Neukölln Charlottenburg Schöneberg Day-trips from Berlin Accommodation Essentials Arrival Getting around Directory A–Z Festivals and events Chronology German Small Print BERLIN Of all today’s European capitals, Berlin carries the biggest buzz. In the two and a half decades since it was reunified, the city has developed into a heady meld of grit and glamour that’s vastly different from anywhere else in Germany – or the rest of the world for that matter. Its edgy cultural and fashion scenes, unsurpassed nightlife and radical anti-gentrification agenda regularly make global headlines, as does its reputation as “poor but sexy” – a term coined by former mayor Klaus Wowereit and quickly adopted as the city’s unofficial motto. Statues in front of Berliner Dom Sabine Lubenow/AWL Images The crackle of youthful energy that characterizes much of the inner city – especially areas such as trendy Mitte (Spandauer Vorstadt and around), student-heavy Friedrichshain and artist and expat haven Neukölln – mingles incongruously with the scars of Berlin’s less glamorous past.

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The three Western-occupied zones eventually merged into West Berlin, while the Soviet zone in the East remained defiantly separate – the city’s division was fully realized with the building of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 by the East German government. The fall of the Wall in 1989 provided a rare opportunity for a late twentieth-century rebirth. Berlin still carries an unfinished air and change remains an exciting constant in the city, though it’s not without its growing pains, with gentrification a red-hot topic: Prenzlauer Berg and Mitte have been yuppified beyond recognition, while in Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg and Neukölln cars are torched, windows smashed in and hip cafés spray-painted with graffiti in an effort to resist. Hackescher Markt Alamy Political forces and ideals continue to battle it out in Berlin, rendering the city a vibrant and vertiginous place to be: an irresistible combination of entrepreneurial possibility and creative energy rubbing shoulders with a fully developed tourist destination overflowing with museums, sights and events.

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< Back to Potsdamer Platz and Tiergarten Prenzlauer Berg and Wedding Shops Restaurants Snacks Cafés and bars Built in the nineteenth century as a working-class district, Prenzlauer Berg was neglected by the GDR after World War II, becoming a crumbling ghetto for intellectuals, punks and bohemians. Following merciless post-Wall gentrification, wealthy creative types and middle-class families have gravitated here, drawn by the area’s handsome, cobbled streets, leafy squares like Helmholtzplatz and Kollwitzplatz, and its distinctive Alt Berlin atmosphere, with lots of independent bars and cafés, Kastanienallee’s boutiques and the buzzy Sunday flea market at Mauerpark.

Berlin Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

A bright space and laidback crowd, fresh from their midday yoga sessions, inspire a Zen state of mind, even during the lunch rush. g Brunch Spots g Contents Google Map CAFé MORGENROT Map 1; Kastanienallee 85, Prenzlauer Berg; ///crowds.rooftop.tiptoes; www.cafe-morgenrot.de After the wall fell, Prenzlauer Berg was the epicentre of the left-alternative lifestyle. One place that still retains that spirit, despite gentrification in the area, is Café Morgenrot. Everything here is a beacon for positive change: the café is collectively organized, the food is always vegan or veggie, and many prices are based on a “pay what you can” concept. Every weekend, activists settle beside young families, all hoping to invoke change over brunch.

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g City History g Contents Google Map BUCHSTABENMUSEUM Map 5; Stadtbahnbogen 424, Hansaviertel; ///retail.camp.computer; www.buchstabenmuseum.de Berliners will tell you this is a city that’s always evolving, and nowhere exemplifies its ever-changing nature quite like the quirky Letter Museum. Home to over a thousand salvaged letters, logos and placards that (mostly) adorned the city’s old buildings, this is an A–Z of a Berlin lost to change and gentrification. It’s where long-time locals rediscover the signage from the stores they visited as a kid, and typography nerds read the origin story of the city’s oldest neon sign. » Don’t leave without seeing the giant “E” that made it onto the set of Quentin Tarantino’s Inglorious Basterds. g City History g Contents Google Map GEDENKSTÄTTE BERLIN-HOHENSCHöNHAUSEN Map 6; Genslerstrasse 66, Alt-Hohenschönhausen; ///exulted.conga.extra; www.stiftung-hsh.de A former Soviet and Stasi prison isn’t for everyone, but cast aside your doubts and book a tour of this memorial.

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GRAB A CAN Book a graffiti workshop at Mauerpark, a well-known spot for street artists near a former stretch of the Berlin Wall. You’ll spend the afternoon learning spray-painting techniques from a pro. g Street Art g Contents Google Map HAUS SCHWARZENBERG COMPLEX Map 1; Rosenthaler Strasse 39, Mitte; ///plunger.tank.fence; www.haus-schwarzenberg.org This grungy alleyway is an island in Mitte’s sea of gentrification. The unassuming entrance is easily missed unless you know what’s within: crumbling walls emblazoned with posters, stickers and colourful graffiti, worshipped by boho denizens passing through. Local artists bomb the walls on a weekly basis, but the shimmering portrait of Anne Frank by UK-based Jimmy C remains respectfully untouched.

San Francisco Like a Local: By the People Who Call It Home
by Dk Eyewitness
Published 5 Apr 2023

Yuppies live it up in the area’s slick bars and restaurants before they settle down and start families in Cow Hollow. {map 5} The Mission Historically Latino, the city’s hippest area is a colorful commotion of protest art, palm trees, and trendsetting food and drink spots. Sadly, since the dot-com boom of the 90s, gentrification has cast a shadow over the area, forcing many residents to move elsewhere. {map 4} Nob Hill Okay, the nickname “Snob Hill” might not paint this patch in the best light, but there’s little doubt it’s freakin’ gorgeous. Old-money San Francisco lords it over the rest of the city from Nob Hill, where cable cars rumble up steep streets with dazzling bay views.

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The store continues to make space for progressive ideas today, with sections dedicated to topics like “Anarchism and Class War.” » Don’t leave without purchasing an iconic City Lights tote bag to carry your new books home in. g Book Nooks g Contents Google Map DOG EARED BOOKS Map 4; 900 Valencia Street, The Mission; ///smug.casual.whips; www.dogearedbooks.com This bookstore survived Valencia Street’s gentrification thanks to its dedicated regulars, who consider this satisfyingly stuffed spot a comforting glimmer of the literary San Francisco that once was. There’s a bit of everything among the new and used, but expect special attention to the obscure. Handwritten signs split shelves into offbeat interests, such as “Druids, Drugs, and Secret Societies.”

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g Public Art g Contents Google Map MISSION MURALS Map 4; Balmy Alley, The Mission; ///blind.notes.prove; www.precitaeyes.org The colorful protest murals daubed across the Mission’s buildings and alleyways aren’t just great art – they’re essential to understanding the district. The neighborhood’s Latin American muralists paint about where they’ve come from and the challenges they face in San Francisco: Balmy Alley alone features numerous memorable pieces about the Salvadoran civil war and ongoing gentrification. New works are being added all the time, so trips to hot spots such as Clarion Alley are rarely the same twice. » Don’t leave without admiring the Women’s Building on 18th Street. Its five-story exterior is covered in murals of powerful females, from a Puerto Rican revolutionary to a Palestinian peacekeeper.

The Enigma of Capital: And the Crises of Capitalism
by David Harvey
Published 1 Jan 2010

This required the withdrawal of the state from social provision and the gradual dismantling of the regulatory environment that had been constructed in the early 1970s (such as environmental protection). New forms of niche consumerism and individualised lifestyles also suddenly appeared, built around a postmodern style of urbanisation (the Disneyfication of city centres coupled with gentrification), and the emergence of social movements centred around a mix of self-centred individualism, identity politics, multiculturalism and sexual preference. Capital did not create these movements but it did figure out ways to exploit and manipulate them, both in terms of fracturing hitherto important class solidarities and by commodifying and channelling the affective and effective demands associated with these movements into niche markets.

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Traditionalists increasingly rallied around the urbanist Jane Jacobs, who had very distinctive ideas as to what constituted a more fulfilling form of everyday life in the city. They sought to counter sprawling suburbanisation and the brutal modernism of Moses’ large-scale projects with a different kind of urban aesthetic that focused on local neighbourhood development, historical preservation and, ultimately, reclamation and gentrification of older areas. Feminists proclaimed the suburb and its lifestyle as the locus of all their primary discontents. As happened to Haussmann, a crisis began to unfold such that Moses-style urbanisation (as well as Moses himself) fell from grace towards the end of the 1960s. And in the same way that the Haussmanisation of Paris had a role in explaining the dynamics of the Paris Commune, so the soulless qualities of suburban living played a role in the dramatic protest movements of 1968 in the USA.

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They are pulled down and in their stead shops, warehouses and public buildings are erected. It is depressing to think that all of this was written in 1872. Engels’ description applies directly to contemporary urban processes in much of Asia (Delhi, Seoul, Mumbai), as well as to the contemporary gentrification of, say, Harlem and Brooklyn in New York. The making of new urban geographies inevitably entails displacement and dispossession. This is the ugly mirror image of capital absorption through urban redevelopment. Consider the case of Mumbai, where 6 million people are considered officially slum dwellers, settled on land for most part without legal title (the places where they live are left blank on all maps of the city).

Automating Inequality
by Virginia Eubanks

South Los Angeles is a 50-square mile area that drops below Highway 10, hugging midcity LA. It used to be known as South Central, but in 2003 the area was rebranded by the city council. Some say the current proliferation of “Sell your house for CA$H” signs and the expansion of the Expo and Crenshaw light-rail lines presage a wave of gentrification to come. Taking the bus from Skid Row to South LA, I am reversing Monique Talley’s daily commute from the Pathways shelter to the DWC. The two neighborhoods have a deeply entwined history. Alameda Street runs like an aorta from Union Station through downtown, along the eastern edge of Skid Row, under the freeway, and then south through Vernon, Watts, and eventually into Compton.

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The neighborhood is home to the two largest public housing complexes in Los Angeles: Nickerson Gardens and Jordan Downs. Nevertheless, it has the most crowded housing in the United States. Many working-age Black men in South LA who lost their jobs during the 1980s deindustrialization found their way to Skid Row. In the last decade, the trend has reversed. The rise in aggressive policing and gentrification pressures downtown have pushed many unhoused people into South LA. But the area has meager resources with which to respond. It has less than half as many shelter beds and one-seventh the number of permanent supportive housing beds as downtown. Yet, according to a 2008 report by Services for Groups, downtown and Skid Row received $1,132 in grants per homeless person per year while South LA received only $607.

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As a result, they lose their housing, their documents, their few possessions, and are passed over for social services. “It’s like the guy that’s homeless on this block is just being recycled,” said Dogon. “He’s got to do all that nonsense again.” Key to the neighborhood’s survival was the strategic grassroots plan to “keep Skid Row scary.” In the face of gentrification and intensified surveillance and policing, that strategy is beginning to fail. With the creative class attempting to claim downtown Los Angeles, pressure to recuperate Skid Row for the wealthy means increased pressure to make its poor inhabitants manageable. Coordinated entry and other high-tech tools make the behavior of the unhoused more visible, trackable, and predictable.

San Francisco Like a Local
by DK Eyewitness
Published 4 Oct 2021

Yuppies live it up in the area’s slick bars and restaurants before they settle down and start families in Cow Hollow. {map 5} The Mission Historically Latino, the city’s hippest area is a colorful commotion of protest art, palm trees, and trendsetting food and drink spots. Sadly, since the dot-com boom of the 90s, gentrification has cast a shadow over the area, forcing many residents to move elsewhere. {map 4} Nob Hill Okay, the nickname “Snob Hill” might not paint this patch in the best light, but there’s little doubt it’s freakin’ gorgeous. Old-money San Francisco lords it over the rest of the city from Nob Hill, where cable cars rumble up steep streets with dazzling bay views.

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Books are filed under topics like “Anarchism and Class War,” and weekly events discuss the likes of a nuclear-free future. » Don’t leave without giving a donation – small or large – to help this Bay Area landmark to keep selling literature to the masses. g Book Nooks g Contents Google Map DOG EARED BOOKS Map 4; 900 Valencia Street, The Mission; ///smug.casual.whips; www.dogearedbooks.com This bookstore survived Valencia Street’s gentrification thanks to its dedicated regulars, who consider this satisfyingly stuffed store a comforting glimmer of the literary San Francisco that once was. There’s a bit of everything among the new and used, but expect special attention to the obscure. Handwritten signs split shelves into offbeat interests, such as “Druids, Drugs, and Secret Societies.”

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g Public Art g Contents Google Map MISSION MURALS Map 4; Balmy Alley, The Mission; ///blind.notes.prove; www.precitaeyes.org The colorful protest murals daubed across the Mission’s buildings and alleyways aren’t just great art – they’re essential to understanding the district. The neighborhood’s talented Latin-American muralists paint about where they’ve come from and the challenges they face in San Francisco: Balmy Alley alone has memorable pieces about the Salvadoran civil war and ongoing gentrification. New works are being added all the time, so trips to hot spots such as Clarion Alley are rarely the same twice. » Don’t leave without admiring the Women’s Building on 18th Street. Its five-story exterior is covered in murals of powerful females, from a Puerto Rican revolutionary to a Palestinian peacekeeper.

Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York, and Los Angeles
by Mohammed Abdul Qadeer
Published 10 Mar 2016

Another lesson from the earlier programs is that the large-scale clearance of slums tears apart viable communities and displaces long-settled residents, and so has to be avoided. Physical blight is not to be treated by extensive surgery. Yet neighbourhood improvements and gentrification in centrally located areas raise rents and lead to the gradual displacement of the poor. This is the policy dilemma of revitalizing deprived neighbourhoods: such programs improve living conditions but drive out poor residents. In market developments, the gentrification of neighbourhoods also leads to similar results. From the perspective of responding to ethno-racial diversity, revitalizing programs are guided by the needs of the local population mix.

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The unionization of garment workers is supplemented by support for owners and improvement of the neighbourhoods’ infrastructure and zoning.67 New York’s Chinese economy is based on relatively low value-added production. In the 2000s China’s investments abroad are beginning to filter down to the Chinese economy in New York. Chinese banks and overseas investors are turning to real estate development, particularly in the gentrification of Manhattan’s Chinatown.68 New York as a tourist destination has contributed to the upgrading of Chinese restaurants and the revitalization of the historic Chinatown. In the Los Angeles area, clusters of “industrial parks, warehouses, shopping centres and multifunctional office structures” have complemented the growth of Chinese residential suburbs.69 These economic nodes are niches of ethnic business activities that are either being vacated by the larger economy or are new fields just opening up, particularly computer industries, high-tech manufacturing, or consulting services.

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They colour social relations within ethnic and racial communities. Multiracial and multi-ethnic urban areas are affected by various processes of social differentiation, ranging from stratification, clustering, and concentration and to the structures of inequality, namely, segregation and polarization, ghettoization, and gentrification.8 Cities differ in terms of the prevalence and scope of these processes. Family, Neighbourhood, and Social Relations Where one lives is an entry point into the social life of a place. From a home a network of social relations radiate out; from casual but regular contacts with store operators, daycare workers, teachers, and neighbours to intimate and persistent relations with friends, relatives, and co-workers.

Building and Dwelling: Ethics for the City
by Richard Sennett
Published 9 Apr 2018

In Paris, the first half of the twentieth century saw a similar shift in the north-east arrondissements from being areas which were dominantly working class to areas which were homogeneously working class. What we call ‘gentrification’ is much more than artist-trendies colonizing colourful neighbourhoods, media-trendies following in their wake, attracting digital billionaires still struggling with pimples who price out both the natives and the first pioneers. Gentrification is more fundamentally a process by which the bottom 70–75 per cent of an urban population becomes vulnerable to expulsion by the top quarter of people in a city, either through raised rents or by poor homeowners being seduced into selling out.

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Madame Q and her colleagues have put real money into basic materials, and the workmanship is excellent; this care appears in outside tree plantings as well, which are dug and drained properly.24 ‘Creative destruction’ is the theory often cited to describe what has happened in places like Shanghai. The phrase comes from the economist Joseph Schumpeter. Core investing is a good example of what he had in mind in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy: a property like Nehru Place is bought, perhaps levelled flat and built anew, or its people are swept away by gentrification; something new is created which is more profitable. ‘Creative Destruction’, he declares, ‘is the essential fact about capitalism. It is what capitalism consists in and what every capitalist concern has got to live in.’ In the Schumpeterian view, the Communist Party would ironically be the instrument of animating this essential capitalist fact.

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Renovation of the existing shikumen has meant expulsion of the people who once made it a living cité. The gentrifying twenty-somethings who eagerly sought out the shikumen as cool places to be wanted to live in the symbolic aura, but not in the presence of its former gritty, ‘real people’ residents. The familiar, twinned sins of gentrification and expulsion have been laid at the door of the urbanist Richard Florida, whose book on the creative classes became, twenty or so years ago, the bible for a new idea of the city. In a dynamic city, the young, the entrepreneurial, the organically minded should rule, and the old, the tired and the dutiful should fade away.

Rough Guide to San Francisco and the Bay Area
by Nick Edwards and Mark Ellwood
Published 2 Jan 2009

Local AfricanAmerican leaders successfully resisted government plans to rebuild that concrete eyesore; the broad, street-level Nelson Mandela Parkway has replaced it, thereby removing the physical justification for the “other side of the freeway” stigma once linked to the place. Now the neighborhood is a magnet for artists and skate punks from across the Bay, who revel in its dirtcheap rents and open spaces – indicating that the first signs of its surprisingly tardy gentrification are finally afoot. One area where gentrification has been well under way for years is the district of Emeryville, effectively the northern portion of West Oakland. Though still gritty in parts, many of the old warehouses here have been converted into artists’ lofts and studios in an ongoing real-life workshop to transform the area into a glitzy design centerpiece.

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North Beach was the breeding ground for a number of big-league baseball players (most notably Joe DiMaggio) in the first half of the 1900s; by the 1950s, it had become the home of several Beat poets, thanks to its then-cheap housing and plentiful manual labor on the waterfront. In recent years, North Beach’s original blue-collar character has been largely eroded by gentrification; even so, it retains an easy, worn-in feeling, and its sloping residential streets and vibrant main drags are ideal for routeless wandering. No longer coastal, the sunny neighborhood would be better known as North Valley, sitting as it does in the cleft between two of San Francisco’s most prominent hills, Telegraph and Russian.

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The stretch of Taylor Street around Turk and Eddy is especially unpleasant, day or night, although you should be safe as long as you keep your wits about you and don’t mind vagrants asking you for money. There are signs, though, that the neighborhood is changing: for one, waves of Pakistani and South Asian immigrants have begun transforming the neighborhood by establishing numerous cheap restaurants. At its upper edge, gentrification has bled down from tony Nob Hill, and realtors have taken to calling the northernmost portion (in a glorious double entendre) the Tendernob. The area’s oddball name has never been definitively explained. One tale is that nineteenth-century police were rewarded with choice cuts of steak for serving a particularly perilous tour of duty here.

The Nation City: Why Mayors Are Now Running the World
by Rahm Emanuel
Published 25 Feb 2020

If we’re not careful, what we are left with in these cities with unaffordable rent and housing problems is a very rich upper class and a very poor lower class, with no one in between and no bridge on which to traverse that gap. Gentrification is a serious issue. It is a little secret that no one talks about much when it comes to the dropping rates of crime in our cities. Yes, the revival and reclamation of downtowns and neighborhoods and better policing and better data and general prosperity have been the main drivers in the drop in crime. But gentrification—filling formerly impoverished neighborhoods with more affluent residents—has also played a role. However, the displacement that comes with gentrification is a big problem. New York’s High Line has caused higher rental rates in its surrounding neighborhood, pushing out people and businesses and restaurants that had been there for decades.

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Chicago, like all great modern cities, had finally moved on from its industrial polluting past. But this was a big deal to me for more reasons than that. Chicago is my hometown. Its people are my neighbors. The well-being of the residents of Little Village and Pilsen is, in a real way, the well-being of our city. The Pilsen neighborhood is now facing a new challenge: gentrification. The desirability of the neighborhood has changed significantly. * * * Every idea, every project, and every program we undertook during my time as mayor had a single abiding focus: to make the lives of the people of Chicago better than the day I became mayor and to leave them better prepared to make the most of their future.

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The former residents, some of whose families had been there for generations, are being pried out. A similar change is happening in Ukrainian Village and Pilsen, two Chicago neighborhoods. The challenge mayors face is to create and foster the economic engine that is development, but to do so without rampant displacement. We’ve tried what I call “managed gentrification” or “development without displacement” in some Chicago neighborhoods, such as Pilsen, providing assistance on mortgages for residents and making sure we keep some affordable housing in the mix. The results thus far, though, have been far from perfect. I have studied this problem for decades now, and I have yet to see an effective policy.

Right of Way: Race, Class, and the Silent Epidemic of Pedestrian Deaths in America
by Angie Schmitt
Published 26 Aug 2020

“The solution . . . involves paying more attention and respect to the expert, local knowledge and informed judgment of people with intimate familiarity of the conditions on the ground,” they wrote.27 Less than one-fourth of Native Americans live on reservations, however, so other factors are also likely at work. Native people who live in cities face many of the same types of discrimination as black and Hispanic residents. Increasingly, gentrification may be contributing to the disparity as well. Gentrification Research has shown, for example, a connection between bike infrastructure and displacement. According to a 2019 University of Colorado study, cities that had aggressively added protected bike lanes from 2000 to 2012 saw dramatic reductions in traffic fatalities of all types, but a large portion of the safety improvements could be explained simply by changing demographics.28 In other words, the cities that were adding a lot of bike lanes were getting whiter—an average of 10 percent whiter—and white people are simply less likely to be killed in traffic than people of color.

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Suburban areas like Cobb County, Georgia, and Oakland County, Michigan, that were once homogenous and wealthy have become progressively more racially and economically diverse since the early 1990s. These places and their streets, almost without exception, were not designed to accommodate people walking or relying on transit. In addition, gentrification in major US cities may also be contributing to the problem. Demographic groups that are less likely to own cars—black and Hispanic people—are being pushed into more hostile environments on the suburban fringes, places that lack sidewalks and streetlights. This problem is especially pervasive in expensive coastal metros like Seattle that offer some of the best conditions for pedestrians—at least for those who can afford to live within urban neighborhoods.

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By 2018, Clayton County was 69 percent black.26 It had been 75 percent white just a generation before in 1990. “During the ’90s, Clayton County goes from a suburb that’s white and becomes a place where many black people move to for the ideal suburban life,” said King Williams, an Atlanta-based writer and documentary filmmaker whose work explores gentrification in Atlanta, “but also many who are poor as well.” Those who moved to Clayton County in later waves of growth were less likely than their predecessors to have a car. Today, about 22 percent of the population lives below the federal poverty line.27 Now it is suburban counties like Clayton, Gwinnett, and Cobb where pedestrians are increasingly getting killed, said Flocks.28 The county has been held up by national news outlets as an example of the difficulties presented by the suburbanization of poverty.

Municipal Dreams: The Rise and Fall of Council Housing
by John Boughton
Published 14 May 2018

This is the Boundary Estate, Britain’s first council estate, opened in 1900. It remains a small working-class redoubt but around 40 per cent of its homes were purchased under Right to Buy and most of those later sold on. The defences of this little island of social housing have been breached, firstly by gentrifi-cation and, more recently, by corporate money. New battle-lines are drawn out along Calvert Avenue, between the surviving old-fashioned corner shops and community laundry on the one hand and the boutique coffee shops, organic grocery and artisan workshops on the other. Once the area was a place the wealthier classes avoided.

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Dunning JP (not a left-wing firebrand), took the view that ‘the whole of the property in this Borough should come under the control of the local authority’.40 Practical drivers were powerful too. In general, it was clear that slum clearance and rebuilding (which tends to reduce density) did little to increase the overall housing stock. In some inner London boroughs, notably Islington and Camden, municipalisation was a pre-emptive to the gentrification threatening to price out working-class renters as the early ‘knockers-through’ arrived to convert the run-down terraces to middle-class des reses. Islington acted early and boldly, ‘buying up, at very low cost, streets at a time’ until the council found itself landlord of whole swathes of Victorian and Georgian squares and terraces; an estimated 3,000 properties by March 1975.41 Across England, some 25,600 homes were municipalised in 1974–5.42 The expense of the policy, however, sat uncomfortably with a Labour government seeking to rein in public expenditure.

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Southwark Council has promised to build 11,000 new council homes through these mechanisms by 2043. But, in practice, the conclusion that poor people have been deliberately displaced to make way for more affluent newcomers and that truly affordable housing has been sacrificed for commercial profit seems inescapable. The charge of state-led gentrification here – and elsewhere – is a persuasive one. The irony, not unusual to the process, is that the Aylesbury has been blighted by regeneration or, at least, by the drawn-out and disruptive saga which commonly accompanies it. The added irony – though some might claim this as a success for the social regeneration heralded as an integral element of the NDC programme – is that the estate has improved by some measures even as its physical environment deteriorated.

Stuff White People Like: A Definitive Guide to the Unique Taste of Millions
by Christian Lander
Published 5 Aug 2008

27 Marathons 28 Not Having a TV 29 ’80s Night 30 Wrigley Field 31 Snowboarding 32 Veganism/Vegetarianism 33 Marijuana 34 Architecture 35 The Daily Show with Jon Stewart / The Colbert Report 36 Brunch 37 Renovations 38 Arrested Development 39 Netflix 40 Apple Products 41 Indie Music 42 Sushi 43 Plays 44 Public Radio 45 Asian Fusion Food 46 The Sunday New York Times 47 Liberal Arts Degrees 48 Whole Foods and Grocery Co-ops 49 Vintage 50 Irony 51 Living by the Water 52 Sarah Silverman 53 Dogs 54 Kitchen Gadgets 55 Apologies 56 Lawyers 57 Documentaries 58 Japan 59 Natural Medicine 60 Toyota Prius 61 Bicycles 62 Knowing What’s Best for Poor People 63 Expensive Sandwiches 64 Recycling 65 Coed Sports 66 Divorce 67 Standing Still at Concerts 68 Michel Gondry 69 Mos Def 70 Difficult Breakups 71 Being the Only White Person Around 72 Study Abroad 73 Gentrification 74 Oscar Parties 75 Threatening to Move to Canada 76 Bottles of Water 77 Musical Comedy 78 Multilingual Children 79 Modern Furniture 80 The Idea of Soccer 81 Graduate School 82 Hating Corporations 83 Bad Memories of High School 84 T-shirts 85 The Wire 86 Shorts 87 Outdoor Performance Clothes 88 Having Gay Friends 89 St.

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Europe/Australia form the base level, then Asia, then South America, and finally the trump card, studying abroad in Tibet. Then there is the conversation killer of studying abroad—Africa. If you studied in Africa, it is usually a good idea to keep it quiet; it will remind white people that they were too scared to go and they will feel bad. Use this only in emergencies. 73 Gentrification In general, white people love situations where they can’t lose. While this is already true for most of their lives, perhaps the safest bet a white person can make is to buy a house in an up-and-coming neighborhood. White people like to live in these neighborhoods because they get credibility and respect from other white people for living in a more “authentic” neighborhood where they are exposed to “true culture” every day.

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Though few can afford well-known artists, white people harbor dreams of somehow being able to afford the work of young artists before they become famous. This is the same way they feel about indie rock. But unlike music, buying into the right young artist will yield both respect and financial gain, perhaps the two things most beloved by white people (see #73, Gentrification, for further evidence). But again, even the practice of buying actual art will elude many young white people. So they are left with only one recourse: the gift shop. A white person in a modern art museum gift shop is not comparable to a kid in a candy store. They’re more like a drug addict in the evidence room.

Poverty Safari: Understanding the Anger of Britain's Underclass
by Darren McGarvey
Published 2 Nov 2017

Staring up at the solitary tower block of Norfolk Court, in the Gorbals, it’s hard to imagine that this unsightly structure, which now imposes like an unwelcome guest on its newly gentrified surroundings, was once pitched as a New York style skyscraper that would revolutionise social housing. The term ‘gentrification’ simply means people with more money than you, but not more money than people with money, are being invited to set up shop in your area on the cheap, in the hope that their presence will lift you a little out of the gutter. When you’re sitting in an artisan café called Soy Division, in the middle of a slum, and there is a toddler named Wagner eating tofu off the floor, that’s gentrification. It’s the new word for regeneration, or rather, it’s the gentrification of regeneration. Today we are about to witness another aspect of gentrification, namely, the practice of getting rid of any evidence that the community is working class.

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But, as it turned out, the new centre would be named ‘Silverburn’ – perhaps a tongue-in-cheek reference to the trolleys that used to line the banks of the river. Silverburn, a fictional consumer village superimposed on our now deformed landscape, would serve the shopping needs of people from the suburbs with disposable incomes, who could now visit our scheme without ever knowing (or having to say) they were in Pollok. Gentrification is cool when you’re watching from a safe distance, but when it’s your cultural history that is being dismantled, it leaves a sour taste in the mouth. This new consumer cathedral, where many local people would go to earn and spend their money, would soon become the talk of the town in a way Pollok could only have dreamed.

The Rough Guide to Berlin
by Rough Guides

Indeed, Berlin’s transformation since the fall of its notoriously divisive Wall has been nothing short of extraordinary, and its 1989 rebirth is key to understanding the city’s youthful vitality. The first wave of post-Wende (“turning-point”) settlers – artists, squatters, musicians, DJs – set the edgy, alternative tone that still drives the city, despite encroaching gentrification and commercialization. Cheaper than London, liberal, multicultural and still very much at the heart of the European Union, Berlin today has grown into one of Europe’s prime destinations for hip young things and entrepreneurial types alike. Beneath the future-oriented, upbeat veneer, however, remain the poignant scars of the turbulent twentieth century, and its onslaught of war, partition and totalitarianism.

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Schöneberg, Kreuzberg and Neukölln, the three key residential districts immediately south of the centre, are home – along with Friedrichshain to the east – to much of Berlin’s most vibrant nightlife. The relatively smart Schöneberg is the city’s LGBT centre, while Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain, which straddle opposite sides of the Spree, have maintained a grungy and edgy ambience despite the inevitable onward march of gentrification. Friedrichshain also offers some unusual architectural leftovers from the Eastern Bloc of the 1950s, while to the north yuppified Prenzlauer Berg is one of the few places in which the atmosphere of prewar Berlin has been preserved – complete with cobbled streets and ornate facades. North of Prenzlauer Berg is the sleepy, attractive district of Pankow, while to the west lies ever up and coming Wedding, with its large immigrant population and pockets of underground culture and nightlife.

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It was here that the youth of the Federal Republic came to get involved in alternative politics, making it the place to hang out and hit raucous and avant-garde nightspots. Since the Wall came down the atmosphere has become more apolitical – even if the annual May Day demonstration still traditionally turns into a riot between police and anarchists, extreme-leftists and anti-capitalists. Meanwhile, Turks and other immigrants still thrive and gentrification continues to take hold. Eastern Kreuzberg’s four U-Bahn stops – three on the U1 (whose tracks actually run on elevated tracks in these parts) and one, Moritzplatz, on the U8, provide focal points. On the U1, Kottbusser Tor leads to the most overtly Turkish area, with a smattering of alternative businesses and several clubs.

The Rough Guide to New York City
by Rough Guides
Published 21 May 2018

You can sample locally made food and buy snappy duds in hip Williamsburg and Greenpoint, wander the brownstone-lined streets of Cobble Hill and Brooklyn Heights, view cutting-edge exhibits at the Brooklyn Museum, ride a rickety roller coaster and soak up the old-world charm of Coney Island or hit Central Park’s counterpart, activity-filled Prospect Park. Soho fire escapes Top 5 architectural neighbourhoods Fort Greene This well-preserved Brooklyn district has kept its look through gentrification, not least because it holds some of the borough’s nicest nineteenth-century brownstones. Harlem Some of the most beautiful residential architecture in the city, exemplified by blocks of brownstones and other styles south of 125th Street, and developments farther north like Strivers’ Row and Hamilton Heights.

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The cemetery is almost always locked, but try to peek through one of the gates – you may recognize the view from a scene in Martin Scorsese’s Mean Streets (one of the few parts of the movie actually shot here, even though the film was set in Little Italy). changing times on the Bowery The current gentrification of this wide thoroughfare is just the latest of many changes over the years: the street takes its name from bouwerie, the Dutch word for farm, when it was the city’s main agricultural outlet through the centre of Manhattan. In the nineteenth century, it was flanked by music halls, opera houses, vaudeville theatres, hotels and middle-market restaurants, drawing people from all parts of Manhattan – including opera lover Walt Whitman.

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Flower Market The area around West 28th Street is Manhattan’s Flower Market – not really a market as such, more the warehouses and storefronts where potted plants and cut flowers are stored before brightening offices and atriums across the city. The district, which has atrophied against a tide of gentrifications, still manages to surprise, its greenery bursting out of the drab blocks in a welcome touch of life. West 28th Street’s historical background couldn’t be more at odds with its present incarnation: from the mid-1880s until the 1950s, the short block between Sixth Avenue and Broadway was the original Tin Pan Alley, where music publishers would peddle songs by the likes of Irving Berlin and George Gershwin to artists and producers from vaudeville and Broadway.

Lisbon Like a Local
by DK

g Contents Lisbon NEIGHBOURHOODS Lisbon’s bairros (neighbourhoods) each have their own character and community. Here we take a look at some of our favourites. Alcântara Up until the 1990s, this was the city’s docklands. Since then, former warehouses have been revamped into uber-hip bars, restaurants and co-working spaces – hello, Lx Factory and Village Underground. {map 5} Alfama Gentrification and mass tourism have driven up rent prices in this neighbourhood but it’s still got an old-school feel. Long-time residents chat from open windows and fado drifts through the narrow streets. {map 1} Alvalade Cool cafés, buzzing clubs and chicken shops galore (not to mention Lisbon University’s campus) make Alvalade the city’s student heartland.

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{map 3} Graça Graça is a study in contrasts, where long-time, working-class residents rub shoulders with hipsters, traditional taverns neighbour trendy wine bars and old buildings are splashed with street art. {map 4} Marvila Once a sleepy residential neighbourhood, riverfront Marvila is now awash with craft breweries and taprooms, offbeat art galleries and cool co-working spots. {map 6} Mouraria Historically a multiethnic area, Mouraria has seen contentious gentrification. Despite this, it’s still hard to beat for global grub and speciality grocery stores – and traditional fado spots, too. {map 1} Parque das Nações Built for Expo 98, Parque das Nações (aka Oriente) is now the nexus of Lisbon’s tech scene. Start-ups have set up shop in its waterfront offices, while families have moved into its apartments.

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ANA ISABEL RAMOS, ILLUSTRATOR, DESIGNER AND KNITWEAR DESIGNER AT AIR DESIGN STUDIO g ARTS & CULTURE g Contents An artsy afternoon in Arroios For decades, Arroios had a bad reputation for drug dealing and gang culture, a plight that worsened with the fall of Salazar’s regime in 1974. Creative folks didn’t start moving into the ’hood until 2001, when Portugal decriminalized drugs and the local government cleaned up the streets (and compensated those who made the move). Since then, Arroios has seen rapid gentrification but, between the boutique hotels and trendy bars, an alternative spirit still burns, with cool record shops, artists’ studios and politically engaged street art on every corner. Route map 1. Tuck into lunch at MERCADO DE ARROIOS Rua Ângela Pinto, Arroios ///rots.emerald.quit Tickle your tastebuds with Syrian dishes from Mezze, freshly baked pizzas at Margarita or barbecued chicken from the on-site churrascaria. 2.

Portland Like a Local
by DK

Even better, it’s straightforward and easy to use, making navigating the city a complete breeze. g Contents Portland NEIGHBORHOODS Portland is a mosaic of overlapping neighborhoods, which nevertheless have their own character and community. Here we look at some of our favorites. Alberta Arts District During the latter half of the 20th century, creeping gentrification led to tensions in this historically Black neighborhood. While these issues remain, community groups have worked hard to revitalize the area with art: today, a mishmash of locals flock here to see Alberta’s colorful street art, including pieces that recount the heritage of its Black community.

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TAKE AN ARTY TOUR Portland Street Art Alliance offers tours of the city’s murals, touching on their history, active community art projects (some of which they help fund), and the politics of public space (www.pdxstreetart.org). g Street Art g Contents Google Map BLACK UNITED FUND BUILDING Map 4; 2828 NE Alberta Street, Alberta Arts District; ///clear.sunk.letter Once the heart of Portland’s Black community, Alberta has been subject to sweeping gentrification. Despite this, though, efforts are being made to preserve its heritage. A striking example is the empowering mural on the side of this community-focused building, featuring acclaimed Black women, such as activist Angela Davis. g Street Art g Contents Google Map OUT OF THE SHADE Map 1; 404-418 SW 2nd Avenue, Downtown; ///soaks.brave.precautions In December 2016, Blaine Fontana, one of Portland’s most famous muralists and a survivor of depression, braved the cold winter weather to paint this massive, colorful mural.

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The monthly OMSI After Dark events are pretty cool: DJs spin beats while curious over-21s, drinks in hand, learn about robots or shoot off water rockets – all without lines of kids forming behind them. » Don’t leave without booking in for one of the museum’s foodie-focused maker workshops to learn all about things like cheese making. g Contents An arty afternoon in the Alberta Arts District Alberta has had a troubled past. From the mid-20th century, the march of gentrification led to tension in this historically Black neighborhood, with crime, neglect, and racism becoming big issues. From the 1990s, community groups made efforts to revitalize the area, decorating the main drag with murals and introducing monthly Art Walks. Now Alberta is awash with public art, including pieces that show the history of the neighborhood’s Black community.

Cloudmoney: Cash, Cards, Crypto, and the War for Our Wallets
by Brett Scott
Published 4 Jul 2022

The cashless coffee shops popping up in my old neighbourhood of Camberwell in South London stand out in stark opposition to the cash-only Ghanaian hair salon or Eritrean general stores on the same street. The rise of digital payments runs parallel to the process of gentrification, in which ‘rough’ shops with an informal ethos are displaced by boutiques that will pave the way for standardised chains. The gentrification of payments Once you view the global economy as a transnational network, it becomes possible to see how trends set in global cities in powerful countries can induce payments changes within tiny rural towns in poorer countries.

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This man will be praised by official institutions – he is adapting to keep up with a rapidly changing world. If you look at all the POS terminals and fintech apps in the context of the global economy, they are like front line agents in a process of global gentrification, paving the way for the card companies, Big Finance and Big Tech to overrun informal economies. Gentrification is just the leading edge of corporate seep, the process by which previously informal and direct peer-to-peer economic relationships are replaced with institutionally mediated ones. It is in this context that ‘financial inclusion’ needs to be analysed.

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, 49, 72 ‘Cashfree and Proud’, 40 Cashless Catalyst, 127–8 Cashless Challenge, 40 cashless society, 2, 5, 10, 15, 38, 64, 81, 83, 84, 251 inevitability, 10–12, 121–33, 260–61 Cashless Way, 37 casinos, 66–9, 70–71, 83, 236 categorisation, 109, 113–14, 162, 167 Catholicism, 131, 212 Cayman Islands, 111 censorship, 33, 116–18, 250 central banks, 36, 42–5, 51, 84, 254 data surveillance, 115 digital currencies (CBDC), 242–5, 254, 255 international transfers, 79 transfers, 73–4 centralisation of power, 15, 180–83 centralised–decentralised model, 136 Chama, 130 charging up, 22–5 chatbots, 146–8 Chaum, David, 106–7, 117, 183 cheques, 89 Chicago Mercantile Exchange, 158 China, 2, 7, 18, 33, 74–5, 79, 114–15, 254 CBDC plans, 245, 254–5 facial recognition in, 150 leviathan complex, 178 People’s Bank of China, 79, 242 Social Credit System, 115, 245 choice, 124–6, 251 Christianity, 154, 175–6, 212 Christl, Wolfie, 109 cigarettes, 181 Circles, 260 Citigroup, 1, 37, 109, 132, 150, 227 City of London, 6, 135 class, see social class Cleo, 146 climate change, 226 cloakrooms, 66–9, 70–71 cloud, 30 cloudmoney, 82 Coca-Cola, 31, 131 cocaine, 98 code is law, 223, 224 Coinbase, 233 collateralised debt obligations, 26 colonialism, 55, 97, 175–6, 178, 239 Commerzbank Tower, Frankfurt, 18–20, 143, 156 computer boys, 158 conductivity, 179, 249 ConsenSys, 229 conservatism, 7, 131, 155, 184, 192–3, 211 see also right-wing politics consortium blockchains, 231, 233 conspiracy theories, 261–2 constitutional monarchies, 56 consumers, 25 contactless payments, 13, 31, 37–8, 91, 125, 127 core, 28 corporate personhood, 147 Corruption Perceptions Index, 43 counterfeiting, 60–61 countertradability, 209–10, 213, 256–7 Covid-19 pandemic, 2, 10, 16, 34, 36, 181, 249, 254 ATM use, 36 cash and, 2, 34, 40–41, 249, 261 conspiracy theories, 261 Cracked Labs, 109 credit cards, 39, 91, 109 credit creation of bank-money, 70, 72 credit default swap market, 232 credit expansion, 168–9 credit ratings, 17, 114, 160, 162–3, 167, 168, 170 crime cash and, 36, 42–3, 45, 81, 112 cybercrime, 32 financial crime, 111–12 marijuana industry, 102 trust and, 93 Crypto Sex Toys, 13 crypto-anarchists, 183 Cryptocannabis Salon, 101–2 cryptocurrencies, 13–15, 16, 101–2, 103, 184–5, 187–246, 254–60 alt-coins, 217–18 as commodity, 206–10, 213–14, 217, 246, 256 countertradability, 209–10, 213, 256–7 decentralisation and, 14, 15, 189–94, 196, 230, 234, 255, 258 forks, 214, 217 millenarianism and, 212, 213 mutual credit systems and, 260 oligopolies and, 229–33, 246 politics and, 191–3, 211–12, 215–17, 225–6 smart contracts, 220–24, 258 stablecoins, 233–41, 245–6, 255 Currency Conference (2017), 60 Curse of Cash, The (Rogoff), 93 Cyber Monday, 86 cyberattacks, 32, 48 cybercrime, 34 cyberpunk genre, 10 cypherpunk movement, 106, 183–5, 216–17 Dahabshiil, 116 DAI, 235 dark market, 216–17, 259 Dark Wallet, 216 data, 2, 8, 10, 33, 39, 104–19, 156–72 AI analysis, 108, 153–72 banking sector and, 108–9 Big Brother and, 113–15 categorisation, 109, 113–14, 162 panopticon effect and, 118–19, 172 payments censorship and, 116–18 predictive systems and, 105 states and, 110–12, 114–15 Data Bank Society, The (Warner), 106 data centres, 3, 4, 5, 30, 32, 34, 35, 47, 73, 76–7, 149 Davos, Switzerland, 11 debit cards, 39 Decathlon, 40–41 decentralisation, 14, 15, 189–94, 196, 230, 234, 255, 258–60 decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs), 221–4, 258 DECODE, 236 DeepMind, 8 DeFi (decentralised finance), 258 Delft University of Technology, 31 demand, 29 demonetisations, 43, 44, 93 deposits, 66–7, 69 derivatives, 6, 18, 21, 26, 27, 160 Desparte, Dante, 238 Diamond, Robert ‘Bob’, 38 Diem, 241, 244 DigiCash, 106, 183 digital footprint, 169 disruption, 8, 9, 14, 32, 140–43 distributed ledger technology (DLT), 229–46, 258 Dogecoin, 13, 218 dollar system, 80, 182, 210, 233–6, 239, 240 double spending, 182, 194 doublethink, 143 Dow Chemical, 24 Drakensberg Mountains, 3–4 Dridex, 32 drones, 11 drug dealers, 96 Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 248 Dylan, Robert ‘Bob’, 90 e-commerce, 40, 77 East India Company, 178 eBay, 109, 113 ecological activism, 7 economic syncretism, 175–6 Ecuador, 240 Egypt, 116 El Salvador, 98, 208 elderly people, 126 electricity, 247 Elwartowski, Chad, 216 Emili, Geronimo, 37 employees, 25 enclosure, 86 Enlightenment (c. 1637–1789), 252 enterprise blockchains, 231 Enterprise Ethereum Alliance, 233 entrepreneurs, 1, 15, 129, 155 equivocation fallacies, 85 Erica, 147 Ethereum, 219–24, 257–8 Ethereum Classic, 224 European Union, 14, 37, 42, 254 Central Bank, 51, 74, 79, 242 DECODE project, 236 Eurozone, 51, 74, 79 Evans, Mel, 144 exiting, 39, 48, 61, 63, 68, 83 Experian, 163 F-16 fighter jets, 153 Facebook, 7, 38, 105, 150, 166, 198, 255, 262 Libra, 236–41, 245 Messenger, 237 facial recognition, 10, 138, 150, 181, 245 far-left politics, 7, 215 far-right politics, 7, 14, 215, 225–6, 261–2 fascism, 7, 14, 226 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 111 Federal Reserve, 32, 35, 36, 234, 242 federated frontline, 136–8, 147 fees, 39, 57, 91, 94 feminism, 226 fiat money, 51–2, 56, 192, 193 Fidor, 142 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 111 financial crisis (2008), 6, 8, 17–18, 26–7, 96, 184, 232, 248 financial inclusion, 37, 39, 93–9, 130–32, 167, 238, 262 fingerprints, 150 Fink, Stanley, 38 fintech, 8, 41–2, 140–43 first-world problems, 154 fitness centres, 17 fixed money supplies, 191–3 Floored (2009 film), 158 Florentine Republic (1115–1569), 135, 159 Follow the Money, 112 Fourth Industrial Revolution, 11 fractional reserve banking, 70 France cashless payments strategy, 43 Frankfurt, Germany, 18–20, 143, 156, 248 frogs, slow-boiling, 104 futurism, 1, 12, 86, 122–3, 250, 252 gambling, 105 game theory, 220 Gap, 131 Gates, William ‘Bill’, 44–5, 261–2 GCHQ, 112 Generation Z, 86, 140 gentrification, 128–33 Germany, 7, 18 Bundesbank, 35, 47 cash thresholds, 42–3 Corruption Perceptions Index, 43 Frankfurt, 18–20, 143, 156 honesty boxes in, 91 get-rich-quick investments, 26 Getty Images, 80 giant parable, 52–6, 63–4, 188 global matrix, 12 Gmail, 203 gold, 192–3, 207, 214 Goldman Sachs, 38, 150, 157, 158, 230 Golumbia, David, 225 Google, 2, 5, 7, 262 Cashe, 150 data, 105, 108 DeepMind, 8 Gmail, 203 Maps, 4 Mastercard deal, 109 Pay, 1, 78, 125 Singularity University, 153–6, 252–3 Trends, 84 USAID and, 128, 178 Grassroots Economics, 260 Greece, 42, 43, 62, 131 Green Dot, 150 Greenpeace, 116 growth, 123, 126–7, 249 hackers, 6–7, 101, 184 Hacktivist Village, 101 Halkbank, 131 Handmaid’s Tale, The (Atwood), 117 Hansen, Tyler, 101–2 Harvard University, 47, 93 hawala systems, 179 ‘Here Today.

The New Tourist: Waking Up to the Power and Perils of Travel
by Paige McClanahan
Published 17 Jun 2024

A 2021 analysis of Airbnb activity in Reykjavík concluded that the platform perpetuates patterns of inequality in tourism-heavy areas.16 A study focused on Athens, Lisbon, and Milan found that Airbnb fosters “a new form of urban displacement at a faster rate than traditional housing gentrification.”17 In New Orleans, researchers found that, in ten neighborhoods, roughly 10 percent of the “long-term rental” stock had been converted into short-term accommodations, many of which were operated by companies, as opposed to individual hosts. “City planners’ slow reaction and laissez-faire attitude, as well as ham-fisted lobbying by companies and private interests,” the authors concluded, had allowed short-term rentals to contribute to “tourism gentrification” in the city, especially in historic, lower-income neighborhoods.18 A recent overarching analysis of Airbnb data from across the United States found that the platform decreases the long-term supply of housing rentals and increases both house prices and rents, with the strongest effects coming in areas with fewer owner-occupiers, such as vacation towns.19 Many tourist destinations have joined Barcelona in taking measures to restrict short-term rentals in one way or another.

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(“I think people are overdependent on it,” one tourist said of the Lonely Planet guide as he chowed down on a sandwich from a food stall recommended in the book.)34 A 2011 entry in a popular travel blog described “the Lonely Planet effect” as the price inflation that can follow a hotel or restaurant’s listing in the travel bible. In that sense, the author opined, Lonely Planet was “the greatest gentrification device of the travel world.”35 “We’re regularly asked if we feel guilty for what we’ve done to—choose your destination—anywhere from Bali to Thailand, Nepal, Cambodia or Vietnam,” Tony wrote in Unlikely Destinations, the business memoir that he and Maureen coauthored in 2005. “Somehow our little guidebook-publishing company has expanded the airport, bought the aircraft, increased the flight frequencies, sold the package tours, built the hotels and restaurants, equipped the rent-a-car fleets and convinced all the visitors to go there.

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I hold my bag tight to my chest, and I wonder how a place can at once feel so crowded—and so vacant. Our tour ends in the Sant Antoni neighborhood, a quiet, leafy quarter that lies apart from the city center, near the foot of Montjuïc. “This is one of the areas that worries us a lot,” Mar says, and she points out the signs of gentrification that are creeping in: formerly “normal streets” are now filled with restaurants, large terraces, and broad pedestrian zones lined with enormous potted plants. The scene strikes me as pleasant and inviting, but there is a lot going on here that this outsider doesn’t see. The neighborhood is home to a lot of older people, Mar tells me, including her aunt, who has lived in the same apartment for almost eighteen years.

Wonder Boy: Tony Hsieh, Zappos, and the Myth of Happiness in Silicon Valley
by Angel Au-Yeung and David Jeans
Published 25 Apr 2023

Most who study these urban transformations agree that they typically occur as a series of clear and predictable events. In 1979, an MIT professor named Phillip Clay published one of the first comprehensive studies of gentrification called Neighborhood Renewal: Middle-class Resettlement and Incumbent Upgrading in American Neighborhoods, which laid out four stages in which neighborhoods transform from poor, run-down areas into enclaves for the upper class. While some modern factors can affect how gentrification occurs, the study remains true for many cities. According to Clay, who became the chancellor of MIT, the first indication that change is afoot is the arrival of artists in search of cheaper housing or members of LGBTQ communities seeking safe spaces to move into.

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When she found him, he asked her to follow him to a table where Tony was sitting with his party. “Hey, Tony, how’s it going?” she said. “I’m Natalie.” “I know who you are,” Tony responded. “What size restaurant do you want?” * * * Understanding how blighted corners of cities transform into “cool” neighborhoods—the study of gentrification—has been the focus of urban planners for decades. Williamsburg, a former manufacturing neighborhood in Brooklyn, was once a cluster of run-down warehouses and home to an insular sect of Orthodox Jews and Italian immigrants. Over a decade, the neighborhood became unrecognizable. Now countless high-rise towers line the East River and offer residences with panoramic views of Manhattan; at street level are boutique stores and overpriced coffee shops.

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On tours around the area, ideas were flowing for Tony as he walked from block to block. One day, as they approached the corner of Stewart Street and Sixth Street, in front of the old City Hall building, Tony turned to Andrew and pointed at a dusty lot. “Can we build a ski slope right here?” By Clay’s reckoning, the process of gentrification can take years, often more than a decade. By the time Zappos announced in December 2010 that it was moving into the former City Hall building, Tony’s vision for the neighborhood was unfurling by the day. And if Tony was going to be the primary catalyst behind the transformation of Downtown, he wasn’t going to wait decades to see how his investment would pay off.

The Passenger: Paris
by AA.VV.
Published 26 Jun 2021

In short, when I talk about a city, I can approach it from any number of angles and express my love for it or – perhaps more likely – my hate. What’s more, as Baudelaire wrote of the Paris of his day – and it still holds true – ‘the shape of a city changes faster, alas, than the heart of a mortal’. Sometimes all it takes is a property operation with a well-planned strategy to kick-start the gentrification of a whole neighbourhood. A city is a complex organism, living and evolving, and Paris is no exception. Go away for a while, come back again and, like a friend you haven’t seen for a long time, you recognise them immediately while noting the lines that have deepened on their face or their new hair-do.

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We’re all French, but these days there are so many different ways of being French. I’d have loved to have learned more about the histories of the different communities in France – their music, art, language. I’d also have liked to learn about the history of racism, rather than have to figure it all out myself.’ Emma checking her phone. 11: GENTRIFICATION Boulevard Voltaire is just a fifteen-minute walk from the Place de la Bastille and its concentration of hip bars and restaurants, yet it feels much more down at heel. Most of the shops sell clothing, but there are no customers in them; they have names like Veti Style, Lucky Men and Bella. Many other shop lots are closed and available to rent.

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The only three-starred chef recognised as a master by Le Fooding is Alain Passard, who, after making a name for himself as the point of reference for the secular French art of grilling meat, decided to take meat off the menu and work solely with plants, soon starting to grow his own. Bertrand Grébaut of Septime, Iñaki Aizpitarte and Giovanni Passerini have all done their time under Passard in the kitchen of L’Arpège. * Partly thanks to its irresistible new bistros, the city of Paris then goes through a process of change. This process has a name, and that name is gentrification. Some chefs and restaurants battle to keep the neo-bistro flame alive as a dishevelled cultural alternative. The working-class and multicultural heart of the neighbourhoods between Belleville, Ménilmontant and Oberkampf has been mortally wounded by the hike in rents and the gradual disappearance of the area’s shops, but it is resisting in its own way.

Pocket Berlin
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 15 Mar 2023

Night after night its huge ensemble delights audiences with visually stunning Vegas-style shows featuring leggy dancers, singing, stunning costuming, a high-tech stage and fabulous special effects and artistry. Productions are innovative and highly entertaining, and don’t require German skills. (www.palast.berlin) 3Schokoladen LIVE PERFORMANCE map Google map In times of turbo-charged gentrification, Schokoladen is a true survivor. A rare vestige of the wild 1990s, the punk-ethos culture club in a former chocolate factory still draws a cool, casual crowd with cheap beer, free foosball, charmingly chaotic decor, and events such as readings, karaoke and concerts. (https://schokoladen-mitte.de;) 3b-Flat LIVE MUSIC map Google map Cool cats of all ages flock to this beloved jazz and acoustic-music venue, where you’ll sit within spitting distance of the stage.

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Built in the 1950s, the 90m-wide boulevard runs for 2.3km between Alexanderplatz and Frankfurter Tor and is a fabulous showcase of East German architecture. It was a considerable source of national pride back then, providing modern flats for comrades and serving as a backdrop for military parades. 1Holzmarkt AREA map Google map This riverside urban village is a fine example of gentrification done in the Berlin spirit. Drop by this perpetually evolving creative campus to poke around buildings handcrafted from wood and recycled materials, dance in the world’s smallest disco, and watch the boats on parade with a cold beer from the on-site brewery or while tucking into gourmet food at trashy-arty Katerschmaus (www.katerschmaus.de). 1Boxhagener Platz SQUARE map Google map The heart of Friedrichshain, ‘Boxi’ is a lovely, leafy square with benches and a playground.

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Since 1999 the graffiti-slathered grounds have been a thriving offbeat sociocultural centre for creatives as well as a giant party playground teeming with clubs, bars, live music venues and a beer garden, along with an indoor skate park, a ‘beach’ club, a bunker-turned-climbing-wall and a Sunday flea market. Enjoy it while it lasts, though. Like all good things, RAW too will soon fall victim to gentrification. Construction of an office tower, a market hall and commercial buildings is slated to begin in 2024. 6Briefmarken Weine WINE BAR map Google map For dolce vita right on socialist-era Karl-Marx-Allee, head to this charmingly nostalgic Italian wine bar in a former stamp shop. The original wooden cabinets cradle a hand-picked selection of Italian bottles, including natural and low intervention options.

One Billion Americans: The Case for Thinking Bigger
by Matthew Yglesias
Published 14 Sep 2020

The national media has gotten very interested in the pathologies of cities that have become too expensive. There is extensive, frequent coverage of the interlocking crises of affordability, homelessness, and gentrification in the big cities of the Northeast and the West Coast. These are real problems (and we’ll do a whole chapter on them) but they are more limited in their scale than a lot of media narratives suggest. A larger set of cities is suffering from systematic disinvestment. And their poor neighborhoods are suffering not from gentrification and displacement, but from the ongoing departure of people with the means to flee. That’s what leads to metro areas where existing houses are worth less than what it would cost to build a brand-new one.

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But San Francisco itself is incredibly expensive, and the city has placed sharp curbs on the expansion of office space in part to try to keep the housing market under control. “Tech buses” that take workers from residential parts of the city to Silicon Valley office parks have become flashpoints for social conflict; homelessness is rising amid the thriving regional economy; and conflicts around gentrification have become endemic. Some of this can and should be solved by simply building more homes and more transportation infrastructure. But what’s particularly maddening about the Bay Area’s conflicts over big tech’s relentless expansion is that so many American cities would benefit enormously from the arrival of thousands of well-paid office workers.

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This phenomenon generates an endless stream of hot takes—Governing magazine asked in the winter of 2018, “Why are so many people moving out of the Northeast”* and catalogued a bunch of possibilities—but it’s essentially a mechanical requirement. A lot of people would like to live in New York City—if they didn’t, it would be cheap—but if the city and its inner suburbs make it hard to build new homes, then each newcomer needs to replace someone who is leaving. On the left this frequently manifests itself as anxiety about “gentrification,” and the villains are said to be upscale white professionals. On the right, it’s immigrants staging a “great replacement.” In both cases, however, the real villain is bad housing policy. There’s nothing wrong with a city being a desirable place to move to—that means you’re doing something right—it’s the sense that newcomers can’t be housed in new buildings that drives all the problems.

Once the American Dream: Inner-Ring Suburbs of the Metropolitan United States
by Bernadette Hanlon
Published 18 Dec 2009

In a capitalist market, there are always winners and losers. Currently, the losers are inner-ring suburbs, and the winners are outer suburbs. In certain locations, inner-ring suburbs have become a devalued urban form where aging housing stock is devalued and reinvestment is slow to occur. In his analysis of gentrification in the city, Neil Smith (1996) suggests that innercity properties were devalorized or devalued because of the reallocation of capital to the suburbs. In a similar manner, aging housing stock in the postwar suburbs is devalued as these suburbs lose out to edge-city development and the revitalization of housing in central city neighborhoods.

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Already vulnerable because of their aging and outdated housing stock, inner-ring suburbs in a sense are groomed for racial and ethnic transition. Old postwar suburbs, vulnerable to decline, have become the new home of different minority groups, particularly those coming from other countries. Immigrants, bypassing the cities, are clustering in the most affordable suburbs and transforming them in the process. With the gentrification of inner-city neighborhoods and the development of high-end suburbs on the outer fringe, the inner ring has become the only affordable place left to go for many minority groups. Racial and ethnic discrimination is also a fundamental issue. Neil Smith, Paul Caris, and Elvin Wyly (2001) warn against blaming demographic shifts on the decline of inner-ring communities.

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Four perspectives on urban hardship. Political Science Quarterly 104 (3): 483–508. Negrey, Cynthia, and Mary Beth Zickel. 1994. Industrial shifts and uneven development: Patterns of growth and decline in U.S. metropolitan areas. Urban Affairs Quarterly 30 (1): 27–47. Neidt, Christopher. 2006. Gentrification and grassroots: Popular support in the revanchist suburb. Journal of Urban Affairs 28 (2): 99–120. Nicolaides, Becky. 2002. My blue heaven: Life and politics in the working class suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920 to 1965. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Nicolaides, Becky, and Andrew Wiese, eds. 2006.

Lonely Planet Pocket Berlin
by Lonely Planet and Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 31 Aug 2012

Once inside the plush jet-black boutique, sift through clothes by Palais Royal, Rich Owens, Tuesday Night Band Practice, Cheap Monday and other fashion-forward labels. (www.apartmentberlin.de; Memhardstrasse 8; 11am-7pm Mon-Fri, noon-7pm Sat; U-Bahn Weinmeisterstrasse) Ampelmann trinkets at Ampelmann Galerie LONELY PLANET IMAGES © JÜRGEN HENKELMANN/IMAGEBROKER © Kreuzberg Creeping gentrification aside, Kreuzberg is still Berlin’s hippest quarter, a bubbly hodgepodge of tousled students, aspiring creatives, shisha-smoking Turks and a global swarm of neo-Berliners. Spend a day searching for street art, soaking up the multiculti vibe, scarfing a shwarma, browsing vintage stores and hanging by the canal, then find out why Kreuzberg is also known as a night-crawler’s paradise.

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Once making headlines for its high crime rate and poor schools, this multicultural district just south of Kreuzberg is now Berlin’s latest frontier of hipness. Also known as Kreuzkölln, it has seen an explosion of trash-trendy cafes, bars and art and performance spaces with a thriving DIY ethos. Come now for a delightful off-the-beaten-track experience. Turbo-gentrification may be waiting in the wings. Cafe Jacques A favourite with off-duty chefs and local foodies, Cafe Jacques ( 694 1048; Maybachufer 8; mains €10-16; dinner) infallibly charms with flattering candle­light, warm decor, fantastic wine and a French and North African– inspired menu. Reservations de rigeur.

…

Neuköllner Oper Definitely not your upper-crust opera house, the Neuköllner Oper ( 688 9070; www.neukoellneroper.de, in German; Karl-Marx-Strasse 131-133), in a refurbished pre-war ballroom, has an actively anti-elitist repertoire ranging from intelligent musical theatre to original productions to experimental interpretations of classic works. JOHN FREEMAN/LONELY PLANET IMAGES © Friedrichshain Rents may be rising and gentrification unstoppable, but for now there’s still plenty of partying to be done in this student-heavy district. Soak up the socialist vibe on Karl-Marx-Allee and revel in post-reunification euphoria at the East Side Gallery before finding your favourite libation station(s) around Boxhagener Platz. Wrap up the night with a dedicated dance-a-thon in a top techno club.

Dreaming in Public: Building the Occupy Movement
by Amy Lang and Daniel Lang/levitsky
Published 11 Jun 2012

The language of ‘occupation’ makes sense for the occupation of the privately owned Zuccotti Park on Wall Street. But this language of ‘occupation’ will not inspire participation in Detroit and does not make sense for Detroit. From the original theft of Detroit’s land by French settlers from Indigenous nations, to the connotations of ‘occupation’ for Detroit’s Arab communities, to the current gentrification of Detroit neighborhoods and its related violence – ‘Occupation’ is not what we need more of. We will, however, participate in creating anew out of what remains in Detroit today. Detroit’s participation in the ‘Occupy Together’ actions must grow out of Detroit’s own rich soil. It cannot be transplanted from another city’s context.

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They said this to me in an Atlanta park that the occupiers shared with a hundred homeless black men. A caucus of the occupation in Atlanta aims to broaden the occupation to the long-term and everyday concerns of black Atlanta by putting forth an ‘occupy the BeltLine’ strategy. Atlanta’s BeltLine project is a greenwashed gentrification project, a massive publicly financed real-estate scam that steals 10-figure property-tax revenues from schools and city services over the next 20 years to build upscale yuppie residences and shopping, and pay corporate welfare to favored banksters and lawyers. Atlanta also has a mass transit system that is forced to pay its own way with no help from the state.

…

Atlanta also has a mass transit system that is forced to pay its own way with no help from the state. Although mostly black Fulton and DeKalb counties paid for its multibillion-dollar infrastructure over a generation, its further development is being dictated by business interests openly hostile to the transit needs of Atlanta’s working poor. Gentrification isn’t just the scourge of black urban communities nationwide. It’s the core ‘economic development’ model for urban America. If occupying public spaces with human bodies is a tactic that works for white hipsters in the middle of town, why can’t it work elsewhere, with them AND with us? Why can’t it work with the abandoned and foreclosed properties in our neighborhoods?

Triumph of the Yuppies: America, the Eighties, and the Creation of an Unequal Nation
by Tom McGrath
Published 3 Jun 2024

“The evidence of the late ’70s suggests that New York of the ’80s and ’90s will no longer be a magnet for the poor and homeless, but a city primarily for the affluent and educated—an urban elite,” Fleetwood wrote in a piece titled “The New Elite and an Urban Renaissance.” He pointed out that a similar phenomenon was already happening in Europe, where well-off residents had moved to city centers, driving out the poor—“a gradual process known by the curious name ‘gentrification,’ a term coined by the displaced English poor and subsequently adopted by urban experts to describe the movements of social classes in areas around London.” In writing about this new gentry in New York, Fleetwood chronicled how much the city—actually, Manhattan—reflected the vision Peter Hall had laid out fifteen years earlier: It was the headquarters of dozens of billion-dollar organizations, including a plurality of the Fortune 500.

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“It’s the archetypal post-industrial city,” the Los Angeles Times wrote of the changes taking place in San Francisco in the first half of the 1980s, “one with an economy based not on steel plants or breweries, but on silicon chips, corporate headquarters, international trade, banking, law. And its residents represent that.” The rise of the postindustrial economy was only intensifying the gentrification of certain neighborhoods within cities. In New York, changes were obvious not only on the Upper West Side, but in SoHo, the Seaport, Chelsea, Tribeca, and Hell’s Kitchen, as well as across the Hudson River in Hoboken and Jersey City. In Boston, neighborhoods like Back Bay, the South End, and Charlestown were being taken over by young professional couples whose dual incomes allowed them to afford the fast-rising real estate prices.

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In Manhattan, the stretch of Columbus Avenue that developer Bob Quinlan had once tricked out-of-town flight attendants into moving to now featured an array of upscale retail tenants, including a chic children’s boutique, an organic food shop that sold New York’s best muffins, and a pricey toy store owned by TV anchor Tom Brokaw’s wife, Meredith. But it wasn’t only the businesses that seemed the same; it was also the people: young, fit, well-educated, well-dressed, well-spoken. Kevin Starr, a historian and columnist for the San Francisco Examiner, wrote about the gentrification of Berkeley, which, like other places in close proximity to universities in the early 1980s, was developing into a very specific type of community, attracting not just academics, but other people who “take ideas seriously,” as Starr put it—journalists, lawyers, physicians, businesspeople. “Taste and scholarship are in evidence everywhere,” Starr said.

Planet of Slums
by Mike Davis
Published 1 Mar 2006

In Cairo, for example, the more advantaged poor buy pirated land from farmers, while the less advantaged squat on municipal land; the poorest of the poor, however, rent from the squatters.85 Likewise, as urban geographer Alan Gilbert observed of Latin America in 1993, the "vast majority of new rental housing is located in the consolidated self-help periphery rather than in the centre of the city."86 Mexico City is an important case in point. Despite a Model Law of the colonias proletariat which sought to ban absentee ownership, "poaching," and speculation in low-income housing, the Lopez Portillo government (1976—82) allowed slum-dwellers to sell their property at market rates. One result of this reform has been the middle-class gentrification of some formerly poor colonias in good locations; another has been the proliferation of petty landlordism. As sociologist Susan Eckstein discovered in her 1987 return to the colonia that she had first studied fifteen years earlier, some 25 to 50 percent of the original squatters had built small, 2-to-15-family vecindades which they then rented to poorer newcomers.

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Yet within five years, according to Berner, "all the original dwellers had left because their lots had been sold to wealthy families."9 The failures were so embarrassing that the World Bank retooled the program to focus instead on sites-and-services provision in resettlement areas outside metro Manila. These remote locations discouraged gentrification, but at the same time were hated by the poor because of their distance from jobs and services. At the end of the day, Berner says, the World Bank's heroic exertions in Manila left most of the targeted slums "as congested and dilapidated as ever."10 In Mumbai, another highly acclaimed World Bank laboratory, slum upgrading on a massive scale (affecting 3 million people) was promised, but the results were again nugatory.

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Thus in Istanbul, as Caglar Keyder notes, "in the inflationary environment of the 1980s, real estate became the highest-profit sector ... where political corruption, capitalist development and international finance intersected."48 In Ankara smart money flowed into the booming market for converting slums into upscale apartment neighborhoods. The central locations of older gecekondus, explains planner Ozlem Dtindar, made them irresistible targets for renewal and gentrification by large-scale developers who alone "had the political influence and financial power to solve the very confusing ownership problems in the gecekmdu areas."49 In the Arab world, as Janet Abu-Lughod has long stressed, oil revenues and overseas earnings flow not into production "but into land as a capital 'bank.'

City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age
by P. D. Smith
Published 19 Jun 2012

In an age of climate change, these are qualities that urban planners are trying to build into today’s cities. Gentrification Europe and America have learned from past mistakes and accepted that slum clearance is not the only answer to what used to be termed ‘urban blight’. When it comes to urban renewal today, incremental revitalisation is the approach favoured by planners. Gentrification can also play an important, though controversial, role. Gentrification refers to the way a working-class area is gradually colonised by the middle classes. It is said to have begun in Philadelphia in the 1950s, when wealthy people moved back into the riverside area of Society Hill, restoring the once grand eighteenth-century houses.

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In 1836, Charles Dickens noted how as an area of London became more middle class, its ‘old tottering public-house’ was converted into ‘spacious and lofty “wine-vaults”’, with its name displayed in gold-leaf lettering.87 One result of gentrification is the displacement of poor communities. Local families can no longer afford to live in an area newly popular with affluent buyers. Within a few years the character of an area can change radically. Traditional shops and businesses are replaced with new high street franchises reflecting the change in demographics. Although many regret this, James Howard Kunstler defends gentrification, seeing it as part of a continuing cycle of urban decline and regeneration. Without gentrification, he asks, ‘how would any city neighbourhood escape the fate of an ultimate slide into slumdom?’.

The Rough Guide to New York City
by Martin Dunford
Published 2 Jan 2009

When FDR Drive was constructed in the 1950s, the Seaport’s decline was rapid, but beginning in 1966, a private initiative rescued the remaining warehouses and saved the historical seaport just in time. Today, the Seaport is a mix of attractively restored buildings and ships with fairly standard mainstreet stores and cafés: a fair slice of commercial gentrification was necessary to woo developers and tourists. The Seaport Museum and Paris Café Housed in a series of painstakingly restored 1830s warehouses, the South Street Seaport Museum, 12 Fulton St (April–Oct Tues–Sun 10am–6pm, Nov–March Fri–Sun 10am–5pm all galleries; Mon 10am–5pm Schermerhorn Row Galleries only; $10; seniors and students $8; $5 children 5–12; 61 TH E F INANCIAL DI S TRI C T | South Street Seaport 62  South Street Seaport T 212/748-8600, W www.southstseaport.org), offers a spread of refitted ships and chubby tugboats (the largest collection of sailing vessels – by tonnage – in the US), plus a handful of revolving maritime art and trades exhibits, a museum store, and info about the now-gone Fulton Fish Market.

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Today only eight flophouses remain, and these mostly cater to Chinese laborers at the southern end of the Bowery. The street runs north from Chatham Square in Chinatown to Cooper Square in the East Village, where it is increasingly lined with smart, contemporary buildings (see p.97). Yet the current gentrification of this wide thoroughfare is just the latest of many changes over the years: the street takes its name from bouwerie, the Dutch word for farm, when it was the city’s main agricultural supplier. In the nineteenth century it was flanked by music halls, opera houses, vaudeville theaters, hotels, and middle-market restaurants, drawing people from all parts of Manhattan – including opera lover Walt Whitman (see box, p.223).

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The Origins of the Urban Crisis
by Sugrue, Thomas J.

Is Detroit destined for obsolescence, or will it reinvent itself and, in the process, reinvent urbanism? Will Detroit’s transformation come from the top down, from downtown redevelopment or will it come from grassroots mobilization? Should the city reinvent itself as a haven of creative and artistic production? Will the city’s islands of gentrification spread? What will happen to the city’s working-class majority? Some planners, reformers, and public officials argue that the first step to Detroit’s revitalization is “right sizing” the city. Advocates of this approach assert that it is simply impossible to provide services to a shrinking population spread throughout a city that, at its peak, housed nearly 1.3 million more residents.

…

Urbanist Richard Florida, who made his reputation by arguing that the key to urban revitalization is a city’s ability to attract and retain a “creative class,” has been particularly influential in Detroit. The city’s boosters point to the revival of the once-bleak Midtown neighborhood, the rise of a thriving arts and cultural scene in the city, the gentrification of Corktown and a few blocks of Michigan Avenue near the abandoned Michigan Central Station, and the conversion of long-abandoned downtown skyscrapers into lofts. Most of those new residents are white.27 However small in number, Detroit’s newcomers are both optimistic and messianic. They see Detroit as the Brooklyn of the prairies or, even more ambitiously, the next Berlin.

…

The Hudson-Webber Foundation launched the 15×15 Program, “to attract 15,000 young, talented households to Greater Downtown Detroit by 2015.” Another nonprofit, Challenge Detroit, leveraged support from major employers and launched a fellowship program to recruit about thirty emerging leaders from around the world to Detroit each year.28 The sense that gentrification, creativity, and youthful talent are the ticket to Detroit’s rebirth is one manifestation of what urbanists call the neoliberalization of the city, namely the faith that market-based solutions are more rational and efficient than democratic processes: the reliance on the private sector to provide what were once public services such as education, sanitation, and housing, and the creation of a “favorable business climate,” by weakening of labor power and workplace regulations as well as reducing taxes to attract capital.

Cities in the Sky: The Quest to Build the World's Tallest Skyscrapers
by Jason M. Barr
Published 13 May 2024

In November 2022, one unit—the seventy-ninth floor—sold for $135 million. There’s also a hearty rental market. In February 2023, the seventy-second floor was rented for $70,000 per month. Despite their lure—and pitfalls—to the ultrarich, Billionaires’ Row has become a lightning rod for the fury of New Yorkers, who see its buildings as causing gentrification, increasing wealth inequality, destroying street life, and throwing shade on their beloved Central Park. But do these buildings deserve such scorn? I don’t think so. New Yorkers are drawing the wrong conclusions from these towers, which are mostly symbols but are hardly the cause. There’s even little new about the perception that the rich living in skyscrapers is bad for the rest of us.

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In plain English: New upper-class housing in central cities benefits those in low-income neighborhoods through the filtering process. We can’t see it amidst the fog of our everyday urban experiences, but if you focus on filtering, it’s there. A related question is whether high-rise construction and gentrification drive the displacement of longtime, lower-income residents. You might not believe it when I say the evidence suggests that it does not drive mass displacement. This is not to say that no one gets displaced. Clearly, tenants are harmed when their building is torn down to make way for new construction.

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NIMBYism is rampant at nearly all income levels, and, in fact, in places like New York and San Francisco, single-family homeowners have made common cause with apartment dwellers against new construction because they have jointly come to see developers as in league with the devil—allegedly ruining their neighborhoods through densification or gentrification. Because it is very difficult to build in the suburbs, more demand for housing occurs in the center, which puts additional pressure on land values, which in turn incentivizes taller buildings. So those advocating suburban construction limits or caps on building heights in the name of “human scale” are in fact promoting the very high-rises they seek to ban.

Restarting the Future: How to Fix the Intangible Economy
by Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake
Published 4 Apr 2022

In an intangibles-rich economy, businesses and workers are attracted to cities, where they can exploit synergies and gain from spillovers. But although cities are economically more productive than ever, they are not delivering for all their inhabitants. The wage premium that less skilled workers get for moving to cities has evaporated. The price of real estate in cities rises and rises, and concerns about gentrification grow. In addition, there is a growing gap between thriving cities and the rest of the country, particularly between cities and “towns,” a term that in British political discourse has come to mean poorer, usually postindustrial conurbations with fewer than two hundred thousand inhabitants. Inhabitants of towns tend to be older, whiter, less educated than city dwellers, more alienated from the establishment, and keener on populist politics.

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Those lucky enough to own their own houses or apartments block new development because it could reduce the price of their own home, either by causing congestion and disruption or simply by reducing its scarcity value. Poorer city dwellers block new developments because they often involve replacing cheaper, older housing with newer, less affordable stock (“luxury apartments”), displacing poorer residents and disrupting existing communities, without increasing housing supply enough to lower prices—in short, gentrification. Rich and poor alike tend to be sceptical that national governments will provide sufficient new infrastructure and services to meet the needs of an increased population, even though in theory a larger population should be able to afford to pay for it.12 But the problems of thriving cities in an intangibles-rich economy pale in comparison with those of smaller towns and declining cities with little intangible capital.

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NIMBYism is common. Richer voters who own houses don’t like to see their neighbourhoods spoiled by excessive development—and because their houses are often their most valuable assets, and perhaps even their retirement plans, they do not want to take risks with it. Poorer voters who rent don’t like to see gentrification change their neighbourhoods beyond recognition, especially when it threatens to price them out of the market. Stopping development and blocking planning applications is the bread and butter of local politics. The strategy of managed decline for poorer cities is even crazier. In most countries, politicians are expected to deliver for the geographical constituency that elected them; saying “You’ll be better off if you move to the city” is not acceptable.

Supertall: How the World's Tallest Buildings Are Reshaping Our Cities and Our Lives
by Stefan Al
Published 11 Apr 2022

Even in cities lacking any elevated freight lines or air rights transfer scheme, it seemed like there was always someone in the room who wanted to add a High Line. However, the project’s thrill faded when the rapid gentrification of the surrounding neighborhood became apparent. All the new towers were luxury housing, with a typical apartment selling for millions of dollars. The air rights transfer scheme did not force developers to create affordable housing. It had accelerated gentrification, displacing lower-income residents. Even New York’s iconic hot dog vendors couldn’t compete with the better-capitalized vendors in applying for vending spots along the park.35 The legacy of the High Line is even more at risk at its final stretch, Hudson Yards, where the selling of air rights created a luxury high-rise cluster of new magnitude to almost unanimous criticism.

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They saw it as the largest example of “lights-out London”—the dark and mostly empty homes throughout the city bought by foreign investors. Adding fuel to the fire, the Shard rose beside some of the poorest wards of the city. The tower could raise prices and squeeze Londoners out of the market, potentially pushing a tide of gentrification from the Thames to the south. But it was already too late! The tower was completed in 2013. Near the Gherkin, in the city’s heart, it heralded even more skyscrapers. The historic district of the City of London, with the height restrictions now eased, became prime real estate. This epicenter of finance, bounded on the south by the River Thames and on the north by the old Roman wall, measures only slightly larger than one square mile.

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FIVE: The Rules That Shape Skylines: London 1.Jill Jonnes, Eiffel’s Tower: The Thrilling Story Behind Paris’s Beloved Monument and the Extraordinary World’s Fair That Introduced It (London: Penguin Books, 2009). 2.Alexandra Lange, “Seven Leading Architects Defend the World’s Most Hated Buildings,” New York Times, June 5, 2015. 3.Markus Moos, “From Gentrification to Youthification? The Increasing Importance of Young Age in Delineating High-Density Living,” Urban Studies 53, no. 14 (2016): 2903–20. 4.Paul Swinney and Andrew Carter, “London Population: Why So Many People Leave the UK’s Capital,” BBC News, March 18, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/. 5.Goldman Sachs Investment Research, “Millennials Coming of Age,” 2015, accessed February 24, 2021, https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/archive/millennials/. 6.Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 26–27. 7.Nadine Moeller, The Archaeology of Urbanism in Ancient Egypt: From the Predynastic Period to the End of the Middle Kingdom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016). 8.Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, Section 1267b, trans.

Health and Safety: A Breakdown
by Emily Witt
Published 16 Sep 2024

In 2016, when I came back to New York after a year in Berlin, I moved to Bushwick, where I could afford to live on my own and hope to find others who shared my own nebulous desire for refusal, whatever that was. The old brick building where I found a place had been converted into apartments around the turn of the millennium in an early wave of gentrification and given the aspirational name of the Opera House Lofts. I had moved in just after a snowstorm, taking over the lease from a drummer named Santos who had decided to move back in with his wife after a trial separation. I paid the security deposit with the advance for a book about Nigerian cinema that I hadn’t started to write.

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She described herself as transgendered (a term some trans people rejected), explaining that she saw gender as emerging from social relations rather than as the emanation of an internal essence. She was in her late forties and represented a different generation of New York club culture: the pre-Giuliani, pre-gentrification past that the scene I was getting to know consciously honored and nostalgized, but from which it was divided by a generational break, such that someone my age was almost always among the oldest people on the dance floor even when many of the DJs my new friends revered were pushing fifty. We were earnest about learning about earlier eras of New York nightlife in the way that my generation was earnest about everything: posting reading lists online; categorizing works of history under subheads like race, gender, and sexuality; circulating essays like “A Music-Lover’s Guide to Tinnitus.”

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It had taught people like us the possibility of a certain twenty-four-hour style of partying, an approach to drug-taking, and an unwritten code of queer social and sexual ethics that had since become the basis of a shared understanding for a global scene. By the time of what I considered my first real experiences in Berghain, when I was staying in Berlin in 2015, the club had become both a symbol of the post-reunification Berlin of artistic and sexual freedom and a barometer of the rising rents and gentrification that threatened to homogenize the city into one like any other in Europe, and Berghain into a place for exchange students to put on S&M costumes and take ecstasy. Berghain, like Berlin itself, had to struggle with its success and popularity, and what protected it was no longer the shared alienation of a self-selecting clientele but the restrictive door policy that kept out drunk Brits in stag parties.

The London Compendium
by Ed Glinert
Published 30 Jun 2004

St John Street The main street leading from Smithfield to the Angel was until the mid nineteenth century the last leg of the journey for cattle and sheep being taken from the farms of Middlesex and Hertfordshire to the Smithfield livestock market and later became the home of scores of dingy workshops and offices. It now contains a number of smart restaurants and bars that have opened since the gentrification of the area in the 1990s. (iv) Finsbury The land north of Clerkenwell Green was a fen belonging to St Paul’s Cathedral which was drained in the seventeenth century when gravel was laid down and houses built around the London terminus of the New River, the canal cut through from Hertfordshire to bring water to the capital.

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The building was converted into the Riverside arts centre in 1974 and, though occasionally used for television, it is best known for its repertory cinema. Thames Wharf, Rainville Road. Offices for Lord (Richard) Rogers’s architectural practice and also home of the River Cafe, the renowned restaurant run by his wife, Ruth, and Rose Grey. FULHAM, SW6 One of London’s most popular inner suburbs since 1960s gentrification, it is separated from Hammersmith by Parrs Ditch, a tributary of Stamford Brook. Fulham Football Club Perennial under-achievers, now owned by Harrods’ proprietor Mohamed Al Fayed, Fulham used to play in the most pleasant location of any of London’s football clubs, Craven Cottage, built on the site of a property of that name which burned down in 1888, but moved out in 2002.

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The Second World War destroyed much of the area, tearing apart communities and wiping away streets, houses, schools, shops and factories, and though the decimated landscape gave the authorities the chance of creating an improved East End, the opportunity was wasted and the landscape was blighted with socially divisive housing and shambolic estates. The closure of the docks and the decline of its attendant industries in the 1970s led to further impoverishment and the dereliction of vast tracts of land – problems that have been only partly alleviated by the recent gentrification of Wapping and Spitalfields. (i) Mile End A humdrum district between Whitechapel and Bow, Mile End is named after the first milestone eastwards from the City, which stood near the corner of Mile End Road and Stepney Green, a mile from the old Roman gate to the City (Aldgate), where in 1381 marchers from Kent and Essex allied with Wat Tyler’s rebellion against the poll tax met the fourteen-year-old king, Richard II, and where 200 years later Henry VIII’s bowmen practised.

The Devil's Playground: A Century of Pleasure and Profit in Times Square
by James Traub
Published 1 Jan 2004

And I am not inclined to sentimentalize New York’s decline, or that of the other old American cities. I did not like Times Square in 1985, when I used to work there. I did not share the view that predatory street people were its authentic citizens, or that the proposed renovation constituted a kind of unholy “gentrification.” I cheered Mayor Giuliani as he spoke of the dangers of “defining deviancy down,” and as he declared war against New York’s pernicious street culture. I believe deeply in civility—perhaps a great deal more deeply than did our famously uncivil mayor. And so as I walked through the Times Square that was a-building, I felt the magnitude of the achievement, and I felt it as a reclaiming of abandoned urban territory— even as, at the very same moment, I felt the pang of loss, the loss of specificity, of locality, of eccentricity, of the micro-villages that were no more and never would be again.

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These were the tangible elements that produced the intangible phenomenon that went by the name “Times Square.” Hardy told the group’s board that the committee’s goal was “to counter the argument that you have to abolish Times Square in order to clean it up.” The group would accept neither preservationist absolutism nor annihilating gentrification. The Municipal Art Society now began a crafty and relentless public relations campaign. In March 1984, the MAS staged a competition to design a replacement for the Times Tower—an event that proved architects were a great deal fonder of that misbegotten building, and thus of the degraded urban texture surrounding it, than were George Klein and Philip Johnson.

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The “street culture” of the new 42nd Street consists of pavement dwellers like Ayhan and Ivan, and the middle-aged Chinese ladies who glumly peddle their photographs of the Flatiron Building and the World Trade Center, and the great tides of pedestrians passing this way and that, and also the visitors who roost long enough to be described as loiterers. And that population consists largely of black teenagers. This is a peculiar irony, for critics of 42nd Street redevelopment described it at the time, and have continued to describe it, as a gentrification process designed to erase the street’s minority population in order to lure back white professionals. If you ask kids, they will tell you that 42nd Street is a good place to pick up girls, that you can hang out for free as long as you don’t mind being moved around by cops, that you can see a movie at the AMC 25 and then have a cheap meal at Applebee’s—just what William Kornblum, the principal author of the Bright Light study, said that kids had been doing back in the 1970s.

Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism
by David Harvey
Published 3 Apr 2014

To begin with, it is not independent of the exchange values of surrounding houses. If all the houses around me are deteriorating or people of ‘the wrong sort’ are moving in, then my house value is very likely to fall even though I keep it in tip-top shape. Conversely, ‘improvements’ in the neighbourhood (for example, gentrification) will increase the value of my house even though I myself have invested nothing. The housing market is characterised by what economists call ‘externality’ effects. Homeowners often take action, both individual and collective, to control such externalities. Propose building a halfway house for released criminals in a ‘respectable’ neighbourhood of homeowners and see what happens!

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High rents and housing costs, excessive charges by credit card companies, banks and telephone companies, the privatisation of health care and education, the imposition of user fees and fines, all inflict financial burdens on vulnerable populations even when these costs are not inflated by a host of predatory practices, arbitrary and regressive taxes, excessive legal fees and the like. These activities are, moreover, active and not passive. The actual or attempted expulsion of low-income and vulnerable populations from high-value land and locations through gentrification, displacement and sometimes violent clearances has been a long-standing practice within the history of capitalism. It unites those residents of Rio de Janeiro’s favelas subject to evictions, the former occupants of self-built housing in Seoul, those moved through eminent domain procedures in the United States and the shack-dwellers in South Africa.

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If there are no particularly unique features to hand, then hire some famous architect, like Frank Gehry, to build a signature building (like the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao) to fill the gap.6 History, culture, uniqueness and authenticity are everywhere commodified and sold to tourists, prospective entrepreneurs and corporate heads alike, yielding monopoly rents to landed interests, property developers and speculators. The role of the class monopoly rent that is then gained from rising land values and property prices in cities like New York, Hong Kong, Shanghai, London and Barcelona is hugely important for capital in general. The gentrification process that is then unleashed is, worldwide, a critical part of an economy based as much on accumulation through dispossession as on creating wealth through new urban investments. In cultivating monopoly power, capital realises far-reaching control over production and marketing. It can stabilise the business environment to allow for rational calculation and long-term planning, the reduction of risk and uncertainty.

Heaven Is a Place on Earth: Searching for an American Utopia
by Adrian Shirk
Published 15 Mar 2022

The immediacy with which these images appeared froze the imaginary of the Bronx in a distant past, while in the present none of this was true anymore, and maybe—to appropriate the words of the late mayor Ed Koch, whose tenure oversaw some of the Bronx’s most profound civic neglect—“nothing ever was the way you think it was.” What I could see was that the Bronx was happening. It was lively. It was dignified. It had depth and beauty in a way that so much of the rest of the city had been drained of, its social and cultural riches fleeced by gentrification. I sat on the train and looked out the window, and I saw a beautiful, dynamic municipality, and I wondered—though I could have wagered a guess—why I didn’t know anything about how the Bronx rebuilt itself. I siphoned this question into a piece of writing that I could use to help me figure it out.

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And in the announcements, the pastor rallied for everyone to join the Northwest Bronx Community and Clergy Coalition in an upcoming march against an urban planning initiative that threatened to develop the dense, vibrant neighboring district of Jerome Avenue into commercial and luxury housing. There was going to be a town hall, followed by three weeks of marches. I wondered at that moment about the connection, held fast and translucent as fishing line, between the presence of my white body in the Bronx and these particular attempts at gentrification. I felt my tailbone shift on the cold, hard plastic of the stacking chair as the congregation moved into a time of praise. The freestanding projection screen filled suddenly with song lyrics drawn from the Old Testament prayer of Jabez. Then a gospel melody sounded from the keyboardist. “Enlarge my territory,” everyone sang, in unison.

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Woodlawn was chock-full of current and former IRA members and other people involved in the Irish freedom movement, who had been living in the multiracial Northwest Bronx for generations, and who had opened bars like the Jolly Tinker where the angel-woman told Sweeney about New Day, many of whom eventually became racist cops. Fascist dreams and utopian dreams are not infrequently indistinguishable at first, but their differences are much easier to catch when those dreams are playing out on the public stages of our cities. The spiritual fight against something like urban renewal or gentrification (or other forms of fascism masquerading as progress) is a fight against forgetting the difference. These days New York City seems to be living out the dreams of the very rich and very powerful—like a gated community that you earn your way into, or struggle bitterly to survive on the margins of, as though it has always been this way, and only ever will be.

Pandora's Box: How Guts, Guile, and Greed Upended TV
by Peter Biskind
Published 6 Nov 2023

In another scene, she walks a few blocks of her old, largely Black neighborhood, Inglewood, and sees her favorite stores boarded up to make way for gentrification. Alive as always to the absurdities and contradictions of her politics, she says, “I want the benefits of gentrification without the gents.”93 She adds, “When I’m driving to work on Crenshaw seeing a Black woman” use the sidewalk for a bathroom “because she doesn’t have a home, and she’s not being cared for, and people just drive by—we can get used to stuff like this, and I want to do my part because I don’t want to get used to it.” She adds, “I want to be able to expand my footprint outside of the industry; I want to make an impact, to combat gentrification, to help combat homelessness in the city.”94 Then, of course, there’s the patriarchy, which is color blind, not in a good way.

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When he became famous, he says a relative tried to sell his medical records to the press.31 John Wells, a megaproducer (ER, West Wing), took it to HBO, but even he got ground up by their ponderous process, and Greenblatt remembers him complaining, “I’ve had a very slow and frustrating development experience with this at HBO, and I’d love you to consider doing it.”32 Greenblatt snapped it up, and Nevins aired it in 2011. Shameless is set in a seedy neighborhood in Chicago’s famously seedy South Side. It offers an all-you-can-eat buffet of social issues, not only same-sex relationships, but addiction, to both alcohol and drugs; poverty; broken homes; gentrification; racism; sexism; crime; you name it, all within the confines of a family, however dysfunctional, whose members actually care for one another. It features Emmy Rossum as Fiona, the moral center of the family, the eldest who raises a brood of kids in the absence of their feckless father, Frank Gallagher (Bill Macy), a drunken bum who uses the gutter as a bed.

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“They refer to it as ‘the conservative show’ or ‘the Republican show’ or ‘the red-state Game of Thrones,’” he says. “And I just sit back laughing. I’m like, ‘Really?’ The show’s talking about the displacement of Native Americans and the way Native American women were treated and about corporate greed and the gentrification of the West, and land-grabbing. That’s a red-state show?”63 If it is a white grievance show, it’s a white grievance lite, easy for liberals and conservatives alike to swallow. As James Poniewozik puts it in The New York Times, John Dutton is “a Marlboro Man Tony Soprano.”64 8 Out of Luck and Off-Key, HBO Gets Game Mired in Milch, while Mick Jagger and Martin Scorsese fought over Vinyl, Game of Thrones came to the rescue, and Insecure added some color.

City Squares: Eighteen Writers on the Spirit and Significance of Squares Around the World
by Catie Marron
Published 11 Apr 2016

Though conceived as a concert of buildings, the ateliers of the Place Royale were built by individual speculation, and it soon became apparent to the twenty-four actual investors, in a manner eerily contemporary, that they were worth more as residences than as manufacturing spaces. The by now familiar process of gentrification, in which the well-off take over what was once meant for artisanal industry, in this case was collapsed into a single generation. Soon the fourth face of the square was filled in, while the central exercise space was gated and grilled and used for public ceremonials, royal marriages, and occasions.

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I have often thought of Istanbul as the bridge in between, theoretically connecting the two worlds but, in practice, not quite belonging in either, unwelcome anywhere. Anyone who visits Istanbul today will notice that in several areas the city resembles a massive construction site. In the last decade it has undergone radical transformation and gentrification. Initially, many people supported the growth, happy to see the megacity attracting foreign investors and global capital. Some of its lost cosmopolitanism was also restored. Expats and migrants arrived, visitors from ex-Soviet republics, the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Balkans. An important LGBT movement flourished, organizing gay parades.

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WHEN THE GREAT SIXTEENTH-CENTURY OTTOMAN ARCHITECT Sinan would start building a new mosque, he would make sure both the design and the project were in harmony with the city’s history and the city’s spirit. Sinan was meticulous about his work. At times I cannot help but feel that had Sinan been alive today, and had he seen this untrammeled construction and chaotic gentrification in his beloved city, he would weep. Still, Byzas’s dream city is a gem. Even though the seagulls that fly above our heads are seeing a changing cityscape year by year, the beauty and resilience inherent in the city is here to stay. LAM YIUK FEI GI News/Getty Images, artist Davide Martello brought his self-made grand piano to Taksim Square and played for 14 hours alongside the protestors SZE TSUNG LEONG Tiananmen Square, Beijing, courtesy Yossi Milo Gallery, New York TIANANMEN SQUARE, BEIJING: IN SEARCH OF HEAVENLY PEACE Evan Osnos TO FOREIGNERS, TIANANMEN SQUARE HAS ONE MEANING.

Places of the Heart: The Psychogeography of Everyday Life
by Colin Ellard
Published 14 May 2015

The supermarket, forming the centerpiece of a larger development called Avalonbay Communities, and including an expensive set of condominium apartments, occupies an entire city block of East Houston Street, stretching from the Bowery to Christie Street. Given the long history of protest against the seemingly unstoppable forces of gentrification in New York and many other great world cities—a struggle that has been at play in one form or another for as long as capitalism has existed—it isn’t surprising that the local residents of the Lower East Side did not take the development lying down. For the well-off, the abundant availability of high-quality organic and non-GMO foods was a welcome addition to the neighborhood, but for the majority of people living in this part of New York, many of whom had roots going back for many generations to New York’s immigrant beginnings, the scale of the new store, selling wares that few of them could easily afford, was seen as a symbolic affront to the historical values and traditions of this part of the city.

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For the well-off, the abundant availability of high-quality organic and non-GMO foods was a welcome addition to the neighborhood, but for the majority of people living in this part of New York, many of whom had roots going back for many generations to New York’s immigrant beginnings, the scale of the new store, selling wares that few of them could easily afford, was seen as a symbolic affront to the historical values and traditions of this part of the city. When I conducted research at the site in 2012, my interest in the building, though perhaps connected to the tumult over gentrification, was more pedestrian—and literally so. On my first visit to the location, undertaken to plan a series of psychogeographic studies in collaboration with New York’s Guggenheim Museum, I was mostly interested in how this gigantic megastructure, plopped into a neighborhood more commonly populated with tiny bars and restaurants, bodegas, pocket parks, playgrounds, and many different styles of housing might influence the psychological state of the urban pedestrian.

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See also attention fractals, 38–40 Freud, Sigmund, 69 Friedman, Bill, 96 frontal cortex, 20, 103, 134, 169 Fuller, Buckminster, 75 functionality, 120, 219–21 gambling, 93–98 gaming, 75–76, 177–78, 184–85 Gehl, Jan, 109, 110 Gehry, Frank, 134 gender body language by, 177 gambling preferences by, 98 urban safety and anxiety thresholds by, 144–45 genericization adaptivity and, 123–24 economics and, 119–20 functionality and, 120 of homes, 119–20 marketing and, 120–21 smart city development and, 213–16 technology and, 121–22, 123–24 of urban spaces, 120–24, 213–16 genetics, of anxiety, 131–32 gentrification, 107–11 geocaching, 205 geofencing, 129 geometry animism of movement over, 57–59 curve preference, 57, 95–96, 102, 134–35 fractals, 38–40 geotextiles, 55 geotracking data mining and, 208–11, 222–23 emotional responses, 210–11 fitness, 104, 210 for museum exhibits, 91 open data in, 222 shopping habits, 103–5 social stress points, 128–29, 209–10 for virtual reality amusement parks, 86 Germany, 23–24, 56, 62 Giuliani, Rudy, 140 Gladwell, Malcolm, 101 global positioning system (GPS).

Paris Revealed
by Stephen Clarke
Published 12 Aug 2012

The 2nd Until about fifteen years ago, this was an area of fascinating contrasts. The Sentier was still full of clothes workshops, while the newly pedestrianized area around the rue Montorgueil was attracting all sorts of intellectuals and their families, just metres away from the rue Saint-Denis, where prostitutes stood in every doorway. Now gentrification is almost complete—the Sentier is getting lofted up, rue Montorgueil has changed from a street market into a hipsters’ food court where you can get mango sushi, and the prostitutes are being squeezed out. The only time you can see residents en masse is on a Sunday morning, when the buggy brigade come out to buy their baguette and grab a coffee before the sushi fans arrive.

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The hôtels particuliers (urban mansions) were soot-blackened and falling down. This was why the city felt free to unleash the wave of destruction that gave us Les Halles (in the 1st), the Centre Pompidou (known by Parisians as Beaubourg) and the hideous modern Quartier de l’Horloge.* These days, post-gentrification, the Marais’ surviving buildings are all spruced up and it’s almost impossible to identify any residents, except perhaps for the second-home Americans on café terraces on a Sunday morning and the parents watching their toddlers play in the small public gardens. The area does attract some easily spotted Parisian groups, though—gays (along the rue des Archives, where I once heard a little girl ask her dad, ‘Papa, why does that princess have a moustache?’)

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After Haussmann, these distinctions disappeared. The new buildings were posher, with people of similar (mainly middle) class on every floor except the ground (still for shops and businesses) and the top, which was now reserved for the chambres de bonne or maids’ rooms. It was the beginning of the gentrification that has steadily evicted the poor from all but the far reaches of the city’s outer arrondissements. Haussmann did some good works—he created large ‘English-style’ parks—Monceau, Montsouris, and the Buttes-Chaumont. He laid out the Champs-Élysées, and built the Gare de Lyon and Gare de l’Est.

Cape Town After Apartheid: Crime and Governance in the Divided City
by Tony Roshan Samara
Published 12 Jun 2011

Typically, policing as a development issue has been understood in the context of political development at the national level and the reform of authoritarian, corrupt, and otherwise inadequate criminal justice institutions in transitioning societies. The debates here revolve around the question of the role that policing can play in helping or hindering democratic transition.44 However, much of the recent work on gentrification, urban renewal and revitalization, and urban security has rescaled these debates, examining the role of policing in what we might call transitioning cities.45 As central agents of neoliberal development and security governance, organized around the management and suppression of insecurity, police are better understood in the context of their role in policing underdevelopment than in facilitating the transition to democracy.

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Broken-windows policing was itself conceived of originally not simply as a law enforcement Children in the Streets╇ ·â•‡ 69 strategy but as part of a more comprehensive development strategy for inner-city neighborhoods in the United States and the United Kingdom that explicitly linked revitalization to a certain form of security.42 Revitalization, in turn, is defined along fairly explicit class lines that are often expressed most noticeably in debates around gentrification. A 1987 article from Urban Land magazine sums up neatly the basic dynamics of this process, and while it does not address the issue of policing directly, the role of law enforcement is not difficult to deduce. In a statement on sociospatial governance that could have come directly from the Partnership in 2000, N.

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This page intentionally left blank Notes Introduction 1.╯Zama Femi, “Gang Wars Take Heavy Toll on Cape Matrics,” Cape Argus, December 29, 2006. 2.╯Matt Medved, “Cops to Fight Gangsterism in Primary Schools,” Cape Argus, May 29, 2007. 3.╯A’eysah Kassiem, “Crime Wave Engulfing Schools,” Cape Times, May 18, 2007. 4.╯Aziz Hartley, “Rasool Unveils Plan to Fight Gangs and Drugs,” Cape Times, May 23, 2007; Candes Keating, “High-Risk Schools to Get Top Security Measures,” Cape Argus, February 8, 2007. 5.╯Rafaella delle Donne, “City’s Heart Is Hardening, Say Homeless,” Cape Argus, July 15, 2007. 6.╯Tony Roshan Samara, “Development, Social Justice and Global Governance: Challenges to Implementing Restorative and Criminal Justice Reform in South Africa,” Acta Juridica (2007): 113–33. 7.╯David McDonald, World City Syndrome: Neoliberalism and Inequality in Cape Town (London: Routledge Press, 2007). 8.╯James DeFilippis, Unmaking Goliath: Community Control in the Face of Global Capital (New York: Routledge, 2003); David Harvey, “From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism,” Geografiska Annaler B. 71 (1989): 3–17. 9.╯Neil Smith, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City (New York: Routledge, 1996); Gordon MacLeod, “From Urban Entrepreneurialism to a ‘Revanchist City’? On the Spatial Injustices of Glasgow’s Renaissance,” Antipode 34, no. 3 (2002): 602–24 . 10.╯Throughout the book I will use the basic racial categories employed by the Census: black African, coloured, Asian, and white.

Circus Maximus: The Economic Gamble Behind Hosting the Olympics and the World Cup
by Andrew Zimbalist
Published 13 Jan 2015

The aim being to erase the city's working class memory, by demolishing popular and cooperative centers, old social housing and factories…and the total absence of any sustainability objectives…. In no building project…were any ecological criteria or sustainability standards implemented.9 Barcelona's new urban zones were redeveloped with improved public services and, in some cases, direct access to the sea. These parts of the city became gentrified, and hand in hand with gentrification came higher prices. Higher prices meant that lower-income people had to relocate, and, more generally, plans for public housing were underfulfilled.10 One study noted the following impacts: —Strong increases in the prices of housing for rent and for sale (from 1986 to 1993 the cumulative increase was 139% for home sale prices and nearly 145% in home rentals) —A drastic decrease in the availability of public housing (from 1986 to 1992 there was a cumulative decrease of 5.9%) —A gradual decrease in the availability of private houses for rent (from 1981 to 1991 the cumulative decrease was 23.7%)11 Thus, like the experience with mega-events elsewhere, hosting the games in Barcelona was accompanied by a redistribution of living standards to the detriment of lower-income groups.12 Finally, it is noteworthy that Barcelona made a major investment to host the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures.

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The Brazilian GDP, which grew at close to 6 percent per year during 2000–10, slowed to a 2 percent rate during 2011–13. Meanwhile, inflation accelerated from the 3–4 percent range during 2000–10 to around 6 percent during 2011–13, and as the World Cup approached in 2014, prices rose at a still faster clip. Housing prices spiked even faster. While gentrification is appealing to some, it means unaffordable housing to others. It is a pattern familiar to mega-events, as land becomes scarcer and demand often rises. According to the Knight Frank Global House Price Index, the rate of increase in home prices in Brazil during 2012 was the third highest in the world.

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According to a 2007 study performed for the Culture, Media and Sport Committee of the British Parliament's House of Commons, “No host country has yet been able to demonstrate a direct benefit from the Olympic Games in the form of a lasting increase in participation.”93 The goal to regenerate development in East London, to create thousands of new jobs, and to reduce poverty also has encountered difficulties. It is always possible to change the character of some micro-neighborhoods by displacing lower-income with higher-income groups. Such gentrification has necessarily occurred to a degree with the billions of dollars of new investments in pockets of East London. Such a process, however, is simply relocating, rather than producing, wealth. In assessing the changes brought to East London from the games, Gavin Poynter comments that East London got a stadium it didn't need, more four-and five-star hotels it didn't need, and additional high-rise, high-priced developments it didn't need.

Berlin
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 20 Oct 2010

To the north is the Scheunenviertel, the old Jewish quarter, anchored by the Hackesche Höfe (courtyards) and jammed with bars and restaurants, leading galleries and urban designer boutiques. Oranienburger Strasse is the most tourist-intensive strip here, but the side streets yield plenty of authentic experiences. To truly experience Berlin, though, you need to venture off the tourist grid. North of Mitte, largely residential Prenzlauer Berg may be fully in the grip of gentrification but is a joy to explore thanks to a vibrant café culture, sparkling 19th-century townhouses lining leafy avenues, a bevy of owner-run boutiques and an edgy bar scene. South of Mitte, Kreuzberg is one of Berlin’s most diverse and vibrant neighbourhoods. The eastern section is the hub of the city’s vast Turkish population and the place to get low-down and dirty in the bars and clubs along Schlesische Strasse, Oranienstrasse and around Kottbusser Tor.

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Alas, after reunification, the western suburbs almost instantly lost their edge as the adventurous avant-garde moved on to the artists’ squats and crumbling tenements formerly trapped behind the Wall. Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg have since mutated into posh enclaves of models, media professionals and trust-fund bohemians and not even Friedrichshain is immune to gentrification if the impending Mediaspree development is any indication. But still, compared to the spunky rebel-child character of the ‘Wild East’, the city west gives off the self-satisfied air of middle-aged burghers happy with the status quo. Experimentation is elsewhere. * * * top picks CHARLOTTENBURG & NORTHERN WILMERSDORF Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche Kurfürstendamm Museum für Fotografie/Helmut Newton Sammlung Neuer Flügel Story of Berlin * * * But Berlin demands that you keep up, or else.

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Although the fall of the Wall catapulted the area from the city’s edge to its centre, hipper types bypassed it in favour of the equally derelict – but somehow more enticing – districts in the former East Berlin. More recently, though, the trend seems to be reversing, if rising rents and a steady influx of an unconventional creative class are any indication. For now, though, mainstream gentrification is – thankfully – a long way away. * * * top picks KREUZBERG Bergmannstrasse Jüdisches Museum (opposite) Mauermuseum * * * Thanks to its large Turkish population, eastern Kreuzberg is also nicknamed ‘Little Istanbul’. Though aesthetically unappealing (ie ugly), the area around Kottbusser Tor (Kotti, for short) brims with shisha cafés, footpath grocers, döner shops and giggling Turkish gals, their jet-black hair tucked under colourful scarves.

Queenie
by Candice Carty-Williams
Published 19 Mar 2019

“This is what happens when white people come into an area and make it tame,” Kyazike shouted above the music. “Gentrification.” I nodded sadly. “What?” Kyazike asked before downing the remaining half a glass of champagne. I leaned over and repeated what I’d said in her ear, my voice straining over the buzzing EDM. Kyazike gestured that we go outside, so we got up and walked to the smoking area and stood huddled under a heater. She kissed her teeth. “Rah. Gen-tri-fi-ca-tion, yeah?” She sounded the word out. “So gentrification is the reason I’ve wasted my makeup?” She looked at me. “And I wore my best shoes.” “I didn’t want to come here, you’re the one who chose it!”

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“I’ve let work slip so much lately, and there are serious things going on in the world that need reporting and the Daily Read doesn’t seem to be doing it.” “Like what?” Darcy asked. “Um, like the killings of unarmed black men and women in their droves at the hands of police, here and in the U.S., mass gentrification, modern-day slavery? Obviously?” “I don’t really see anything about that, really.” “Yeah, of course you don’t, Darcy. I was thinking that I could start pitching ideas to Gina?” “That’s a good start,” Darcy agreed, nodding heavily, her hair falling around her face. “I worked really hard to get this job, really fucking hard, and I feel like I’m spunking it all away,” I said.

Corbyn
by Richard Seymour

Canterbury, having been Conservative since the Great War, was won by Labour. Kensington, including the richest residents in the country, was swallowed in a vengeful blood-red wave across London as its forgotten working-class constituents took revenge on an atrocious Tory MP. The Labour candidate, an anti-gentrification activist, would later demonstrate why she was elected with her angry, passionate response to the horrific Grenfell fire, which consumed dozens of working-class residents. Portsmouth, a Tory–Liberal marginal, went Labour, as the party showed surprising strength across the South and South West.

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According to studies by Loughborough University, the course of the election campaign saw a definite shift away from Brexit as the number-one issue.4 It would be glib to reduce Labour’s appeal entirely to a class-populist one, not least because class is so critically tied to other social distinctions, such as race, gender, and generation. The effects of precarious employment and low wages, of welfare cuts and the marketisation of the university system, are all borne disproportionately by the young. The lethal effects of poor housing and gentrification, as Grenfell tragically showed, are disproportionately borne by ethnic minorities and migrant populations. And Corbyn was swimming with the generational tide on a whole range of issues, from trans rights to Trident. The younger generations are, to put it crudely, less impressed by flags, authorities, and men with guns.

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When the Right and centre can no longer seriously claim to offer ‘opportunity’ to underemployed and precarious workers, Labour offered workers’ rights, a cradle-to-grave free education service, and investment to create jobs. When ‘aspiration’ is no longer plausibly championed by the Tories; when home ownership is increasingly out of the question even for professionals like teachers, nurses, and junior doctors; when landlords drive up rents for ever dingier properties with impunity and oligarchs drive gentrification, Labour offered to build council homes, control rents, bring back housing benefits for the young, and impose new minimum habitation standards. In this, Labour was addressing the problems of twenty-first-century Britain, something that was already clear in Corbyn’s 2015 leadership bid, but was largely ignored by his oblocutors.

Pocket New York City Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet
Published 27 Sep 2012

Then hit up Village Vanguard (Click here) or Blue Note (Click here) for some jazz tunes, or try the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre (Click here) if you’re looking for laughs. Day Three As the local youngsters are crawling back to their shoebox apartments after a raucous night out, make your way to the Lower East Side ­Tenement Museum (Click here) to learn about life in the area long before gentrification. Pair your visit with the New Museum of Contemporary Art (Click here) if you’re in search of mind-bending art at the other end of the spectrum. Head up to the East Village for lunch at one of the area’s many street-side cafes, then explore the city’s punk rock roots along St Marks Place (Click here), before swinging through Union Square (Click here) to catch the flurry of pedestrians and the popular Union Square Greenmarket (Click here).

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(St Marks Pl, Ave A to Third Ave; N/R/W to 8th St-NYU, 6 to Astor Pl) 2 New Museum of Contemporary Art Gallery Offline map Google map Any modern-day museum worth its salt has to have a structure that makes as much of a statement as the artwork inside. The New Museum of Contemporary Art’s Lower East Side avatar accomplishes just that and more with its inspired design by noted Japanese architecture firm SANAA. The Lower East Side has seen its fair share of physical changes over the last decade as the sweeping hand of gentrification has cleaned up slummy nooks and replaced them with glittering residential blocks. The New Museum punctuates the neighborhood with something truly unique, and its cache of artistic work will dazzle and confuse just as much as its facade. ( 212-219-1222; www.newmuseum.org; 235 Bowery btwn Prince & Rivington Sts; adult/child $14/free, 7-9pm Thu free; 11am-6pm Wed & Fri-Sun, to 9pm Thu; N/R to Prince St, F to 2nd Ave, J/Z to Bowery, 6 to Spring St) 3 Lower East Side Tenement Museum Museum Offline map Google map No other museum humanizes NYC’s colorful past quite like the Lower East Side Tenement Museum, which puts the neighborhood’s heartbreaking but inspiring heritage on full display in several recreations of turn-of-the-20th-century tenements.

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The store’s decor is unadulterated by design decoys, letting shoppers focus solely on the beautifully crafted wares. ( 212-673-8601; www.chcmshop.com; 2 Bond St btwn Broadway & Lafayette St; B/D/F, M to Broadway-Lafayette St, N/R to 8th St-NYU, 4/6 to Bleecker St) 57 John Varvatos Clothing, Shoes Offline map Google map Set in the hallowed halls of former punk club CBGB, the John Varvatos Bowery store is either a grievous insult to rock history or a creative reconfiguration of the past – ­depending on which side of the gentrification aisle you happen to stand on. The store goes to great lengths to tie fashion to rock and roll, with records, ’70s audio equipment and even electric guitars for sale alongside JV’s wares. ( 212-358-0315; 315 Bowery btwn 1st & 2nd Sts; noon-9pm Mon-Sat, to 7pm Sun; F/V to Lower East Side-2nd Ave, 6 to Bleecker St) 58 Moo Shoes Shoes Offline map Google map Socially and environmentally responsible fashion usually tends to entail certain sacrifices in the good-looks department.

Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Rebuild American Prosperity
by Charles L. Marohn, Jr.
Published 24 Sep 2019

Not only are there increasingly more impoverished people living in the suburbs, but the number of neighborhoods with extreme levels of poverty – census tracts with poverty rates of 40% or more – doubled between 2000 and 2010, with America’s suburbs experiencing the greatest amount of that growth.6 Simultaneous with the rise of suburban poverty is the gentrification of urban neighborhoods. As well-located urban land values rise once more, the value of the improvements on those properties also goes up. This is a mechanism that historically created new wealth, but it no longer works that way. Zoning codes established for the rapid replication of the auto-oriented development pattern were also applied to urban neighborhoods.

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Index A Accounting, for infrastructure, 70–71 Acre, value per, 135, 138–142 Alexander, Christopher, 8 Altruism, in community living, 6–7, 26 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 65–67 Amish society, 217 Anderson, Monte, 160–161 Antifragile (Taleb), 193 Anti-fragile systems, 4, 6 Appreciation, for maintenance staff, 180–183 Arnade, Chris, 214–215 ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), 65–67 Assessment process, 77 Automobile reliance: development based on, 27–30 and modern city development, 111–112 productivity and, 140 B Barbell investment approach, 148–150, 150f Better Block Foundation, 159 Bezos, Jeff, 102 Bias, confirmation, 69, 74, 183–186 Bicycles, 112 Big box stores: alternative uses of sites of, 169 productivity for, 136–137 Big project mentality, 184–186 The Big Sort (Bishop), 207–208 “Bipartisan Placemaking: Reaching Conservatives” panel, 210 Bishop, Bill, 207–208 The Black Swan (Taleb), 59, 120 Blighted areas, productivity of, 131–134, 140 Boise State University, 126 Boys & Girls Club of Santa Ana, x Brainerd, Minnesota, 16f, 18f development of infrastructure in, 30–31 experimental development pattern in, 125–126 founding and development of, 16–17 productivity at downtown vs. edge of town, 134–138 traditional vs. modern development in, 131–134 Bretton Woods agreement, 90 Brooklyn, New York, 213–214 Brown, Aaron, 211 Brown, Michael, 114 Budgeting, by cities, 50–57 Building code deficiencies, addressing, 194 Buildings, complex vs. complicated, 20–23 Bureaucracy, 172 Burnham, Daniel, 122 Bush, George W., 209 C California, government decision making in, 197–198 Capital investments, return on, 171–172 Carbon-reduction benefits, 74 Carlson, Curtis, 121 “Carlson's Law,” 121 Cash flow: and debt, 98, 187–192, 188f–190f over life cycle of development project, 52–57, 55f, 56f CBO (Congressional Budget Office), 78–80 Centralization, 198 Chaos, order vs., 121–122 Chicken problem, 195 Cities, 37–62 abandonment of, 109–110 accounting for infrastructure by, 70–71 budgeting and growth in, 50–57 contracting of, 154 Detroit, Michigan, 60–62 development of Pompeii, Italy, 5–10 economic stability of modern, 104–106 engineer's view of, 11 experimental development pattern in, 126–127 filling gaps in, 160–163 and illusion of wealth, 57–60 incremental growth in founding of, 15–20 as infinite game, 38–41 and infrastructure, 44–50 maintenance required for infrastructure in, 115 modern development of, 12 revenues and expenses, 41–44 traditional vs. modern development of, 1–3 Cities and the Wealth of a Nation (Jacobs), 101–102 City Council of Santa Ana, ix, x City engineer, 177t City halls, 43–44 City planner, 177t Class: and neighborhoods, 21–22 and re-urbanization, 116 Clinton, Bill, 209 Clinton, Hillary, 63 Cognitive Architecture (Sussman and Hollander), 8 Cognitive discounting, 65 Collaboration, between government officials and citizens, 195–197 Commers, Jon, 45 Common infrastructure, 130 Community living, 199–218 differing opinions in, 206–212 and extended family, 200–201 as infinite game, 39–40 meaning in, 212–218 in neighborhoods, 202–203 in Pompeii, Italy, 6–7 walking in, 203–206 Complex, adaptive systems: human habitats as, 3–4 and incremental growth, 168 incremental growth of, 15–16, 18–19 rational decision making with, 120–123 Complex buildings, 20–23 Complicated buildings, 20–23 Complicated systems, 11–14 Confirmation bias, 69, 74, 183–186 Conflicts, dealing with, 206–212 Congress for the New Urbanism, 210 Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 78–80 Constraints: and economic stability, 93–96 and gold standard, 90 growth as, 100 prudent, for investments, 164–168 removal of, in modern world, 59–60, 96 Construction costs, 136–137 Consumption, 215–216 Costa Rica, 126–127 The Crash Course (Martenson), 108 Critical systems, 182–183 Cross-generational civic collaboration, 187 D Dallas, Texas, 159 Darwin, Charles, 8 The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Jacobs), 8 Debt: and cash flow, 98 for federal government, 186 for government, 96–100 for local government, 113–114 for place-oriented government, 186–192 for projects with quality-of-life benefits, 187 for state government, 113–114 Debt to income ratio, 97 Decision making: rational, see Rational decision making subsidiarity in, 195–198 Default, on municipal debt, 191 Deneen, Patrick, 211 Density, as urban planning metric, 128–129 Depression economics, 86–89 Detroit, Michigan, 60–62 land values in, 24 renewal of urban, 117–119 Development projects: cash flow over life cycle of, 52–57, 53f, 55f, 56f decisions about failing, 115–120 Diamond, Jared, 58, 59, 84 Dig Deep, 211 Donjek, 45 Downtown, productivity of, 134–140, 139t, 143–144 Duany, Andres, 195 Duggan, Mike, 119 Duncanville, Texas, 160 E Economic development department, 178t Economics: and benefits of infrastructure spending, 72–73 in depressions, 86–89 Economic stability, 83–106 and auto-oriented development, 29–30 and constraints, 93–96 creating, 85–86 and depression economics, 86–89 and focus on growth, 100–102 following World War II, 89–91 and government debt, 96–100 growth vs. wealth, 102–104 of modern cities, 104–106 and post-war boom, 91–93 risk management strategies for, 83–85 Edges, 7–8 Edges of city: center vs., 28 city infrastructure necessary for, 115 productivity of, 134–138, 143–144 Efficiency, designing for, 174–176 Ehrenhalt, Alan, 116 Empire State Building (New York, New York), 129 Employment, in productive places, 133 England, 83 Expenses, and revenues, 41–44 Extended family, 200–201 F Failure, slow, 110–115 Failure to Act (ASCE report), 65–67 Family, extended, 200–201 Fannie Mae, 92 Farmers, risk management strategies of, 83–84 Federal Funds Rate, 97 Federal government: debt for, 186 impact of infrastructure on, 79 Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 89, 92 Federal Reserve, 99 Feedback, in local governments, 173–174 Ferguson, Missouri, 93, 114 FHA (Federal Housing Administration), 89 Financial status, local government's understanding of, 190–191 Finished states, neighborhoods built to, 21–23 “First ring” suburbs, 94 Form-based codes, 193–194 Fragile systems, 4 Franchises, productivity of, 133–134 Freddie Mac, 92 Future, predicting needs for, 19–20, 120–121 G Gaps, in cities, 160–163 Garcia, Anthony, 158 Gas tax, 75 Gawron, Stephen, 161 Gehl, Jan, 8 “General Theory of Walkability,” 206 Gentrification, of urban neighborhoods, 117 Goals, of individuals vs. communities, 40–41 Goland, Carol, 84 Gold reserves, 94 Gold standard, as basis for trade, 90 Government debt, 96–100 Government policies, prioritizing traffic, 29 Great Depression, 87–89, 191 The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City (Ehrenhalt), 116 Great Society, 93 Growth: economic stability and focus on, 100–102 in municipalities, 50–57 as objective of local governments, 176 wealth vs., 102–104 H Haidt, Jonathan, 208, 209, 215 Hardship, response to, 172–174 Hasidic Judaism, 213–214, 217 Hemingway, Ernest, 4 Henwood, Doug, 79 Hierarchies, in local government, 174–176 Highland neighborhood (Shreveport, Louisiana), 220 Highland Park (Shreveport, Louisiana), 220 High land values, 27–30 High Point, North Carolina, 161 Highway bypass corridor, 134–138 Hollander, Justin B., 8, 9 Homeless shelters, xi Homes, changing, 20 Hoover, Herbert, 87 Horizontal expansion, in California, 197 Housing: in California, 197–198 post-war changes in, 92 preference for single-family, 144–145 Housing authority, 178t How to Live in a World We Don't Understand (Taleb), 59 Human habitats, 1–14 as complex, adaptive systems, 3–4 in North America, 1–3 spooky wisdom in, 5–10 as systems that are complicated, 11–14 Hunter-gatherer existence, 58 Hurricane Katrina, 102–103 Hurricane Rita, 102–103 I Illusion of Wealth: and constant maintenance, 152 human response to, 57–60 Illusion of Wealth phase of development, 143 Improvement to Land (I/L) Ratio, 25, 25f, 117 Improvement value, 23–25, 25f Incentives, to fix problems, 113 Income taxes, 72 Incremental changes, implementing, 122–123, 156–157 Incremental growth, 15–35 and complex, adaptive systems, 168 complex vs. complicated buildings in, 20–23 constraints on, 164 and founding of cities, 15–20 good and bad development in, 34–35 and high land values, 27–30 and neighborhood renewal, 23–27 private and public investment in, 30–34 in traditional habitat development, 2 Infill projects, 160 Infrastructure, 63–81 accounting for, 70–71 and American Society of Civil Engineers, 65–67 calculating returns on investment for, 67–69 Congressional Budget Office on, 78–80 development of, 30–34 as investment, 41–42 in modern development, 32 and municipalities, 44–50 perception of need for more, 63–65 ratio of private to public investment in, 129–130 real return on investment, 74–78 secondary effects of, 72–74 Infrastructure Cult: development of, 65–67 paper returns calculated by, 69 Insolvency, 187–192 Interstate highway system, 92 Investment(s), 147–170 barbell investment approach, 148–150 capital, 171–172 conventional vs. strong towns thinking about, 185–186, 186t in filling gaps in cities, 160–163 impact of regulations on, 194 infrastructure as, 41–42 little bets, 150–160 low-risk investments with steady returns, 150–155 prudent constraints for, 164–168 public and private, 30–34, 31f, 32f returns on, see Return on investment in Suburban Retrofit, 168–169 Italy, walking in, 203–204 J Jacobs, Jane, 8, 101–102 Japan, 76 Jimmy's Pizza, 161–162 Job creation, 49, 72–73 Johnson, Neil, 12, 13 Junger, Sebastian, 216–217 K Keynes, John Maynard, 88 Keynesian economic policies, 88 Krugman, Paul, 63, 78 Kunstler, James, 110–111 L Lafayette, Louisiana, 101, 141–144, 151 Landau, Moshe, 213–214, 217 Land value: in declining suburbs, 113 and interstate highway project, 92 and neighborhood renewal, 23–25, 25f in neighborhoods with different types of properties, 165–167, 165f, 166f and suburban development, 27–30 Learning, from previous local investments, 187 Legacy programs, 173 Lifestyle choices, 202, 205–206 “Lifestyle enclaves,” 208 Little bets, 16–18, 150–160 Local economy: as basis for national economy, 101–102 national vs., 103 Local government: changes in, to maintain economic stability, 105–106 debt taken on by, 113–114 funded by state government, 95 impact of infrastructure on, 79–80 profit run by, 37–38, 147 relationship of state and, 198 Long declines, 110–115 “Long emergency,” 110–111 Long Recession of the 1870s, 77 Los Angeles, California, xi Lovable places, 10 Low-risk investments, with steady returns, 150–155 Lydon, Mike, 158 M Maintenance: ability to keep up with, 109 cash-flow debt to cover, 188–192, 188f–190f of development projects, 52–57 of infrastructure, 46–49 need for constant, 151–154 in place-oriented government, 180–183 required for single-family homes, 112 Maintenance department, 179t Manhattan, New York, 24 Martenson, Chris, 108 Meaning, life of, 212–218 Middle class, 92, 93, 144–145 Milan, Italy, 164 Mills Fleet Farm, 134–137 Minicozzi, Joseph, 138–140, 161 “Minnesota Miracle,” 95 Mixed-use neighborhoods, 163, 169 Modern city development: as high-risk investments, 149 as lead by pubic investment, 34–35 productive places in, 131–134 Modern Monetary Theory, 99 Mortgages, during Great Depression, 88–89 Mouzon, Steve, 10, 113 Muskegon, Michigan, 161 N National Association of Home Builders, 136 National economy, local vs., 103 Natural disasters, 102–103 Neighborhoods: abandonment of, 109–110 built to finished states, 21–23 changing in post-war era, 92–93 community living in, 202–203 decline of, 113 gentrification of urban, 117 mixed-use, 163, 169 renewal of, and incremental growth, 23–27 responses to improvements in, 158 structured around religions, 214 in transition sections of Detroit, 118 Neighbors, being involved with, 202–203 New Deal economics, 87–88 New Orleans, Louisiana, 102, 182 Nixon, Richard, 94 Noncritical systems, 182 O Oak Cliff neighborhood (Dallas, Texas), 159 Obama, Barack, 63 Obesity, among Pacific Islanders, 58–59 Options Real Estate, 160 Orange County, California, xi–xii Order, chaos vs., 121–122 The Original Green (Mouzon), 10, 113 Oroville dam (California), 182 Oswego, New York, 152 Oswego Renaissance Association, 152 P Pacific Islanders, 58–59, 183–185 Paper returns on investment, 67–69 Paradox of Avarice, 104 Paradox of Thrift, 88, 104 Pareidolia, 8–9, 9f Parks department, 178t Party analogy, 34–35 A Pattern Language (Alexander), 8 Pension funds, 56–57, 70, 98 Pequot Lakes, Minnesota, 44–46 Perception, of need for more infrastructure, 63–65 Personal preferences, 144–145 Peru, 84 Place-oriented government, 171–198 and confirmation bias, 183–186 designed for efficiency, 174–176 focus on broad wealth creation by, 176–180 maintenance as priority for, 180–183 and regulations, 192–194 response to hardship by, 172–174 subsidiarity in, 195–198 understanding of debt by, 186–192 Political differences, 207 Pompeii, Italy, 5–10 Post-war boom: and economic stability, 91–93 modern city development established in, 12 Power, subsidiarity principle and, 196–198 Prayer of Saint Francis, 218 Prioritization, of maintenance, 180–183 Private development, 40 Private investment: private to public investment ratio, 129–130 public and, 30–34, 31f, 32f Private sector (businesses): response to economic hardship in, 172–173 small, see Small businesses Problem solving, 13–14 Productive places, 125–146 downtown vs. edge of town, 134–138 in past, 125–127 and personal preferences, 144–145 productivity calculations for, 128–130 return on investment, 141–144 traditional vs. modern development in, 131–134 value per acre, 138–141 Productivity, calculations of, 128–130 Project teams, 179–180 Property taxes, 49 Property value, 23–25, 25f Public health, and walking neighborhoods, 205 Public investment: private and, 30–34, 31f, 32f private to public investment ratio, 129–130 returns required for, 147 Public safety department, 179t Q Quality-of-life benefits, 187 Quantitative Easing, 99 R Railroad companies, 77 Rational decision making, 107–123 about failing development systems, 115–120 about long declines, 110–115 within complex, adaptive system, 120–123 and lack of single solution, 107–110 Real return on investment, 74–78 Redevelopment, financial productivity after, 131–134, 139–140, 139t Redundant systems, 182 ReForm Shreveport, 219, 220 Regulations: from place-oriented government, 192–194 and subsidiarity principle, 195–198 Repealing regulations, 192–193 Republican Party, 209 Request for proposal (RFP), 50 Residents, learning concerns of, 156–157 Resources: assumption of abundance of, 12–14 wasted, in modern development, 19 Retreats, strategic, 108–109 Return on investment, 141–144 calculating, for infrastructure, 67–69 for capital projects, 171–172 in cities, 44 and debt taken on by local governments, 187 low-risk investments with steady, 150–155 paper, 67–69 real, 74–78 social, 78–79 Revenues, and expenses, 41–44 RFP (request for proposal), 50 The Righteous Mind (Haidt), 208 Risk management strategies, 83–85 Roaring Twenties, 87 Roberts, Jason, 159 Roosevelt, Franklin, 87, 88 Rotary International, 203 S St.

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Index A Accounting, for infrastructure, 70–71 Acre, value per, 135, 138–142 Alexander, Christopher, 8 Altruism, in community living, 6–7, 26 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 65–67 Amish society, 217 Anderson, Monte, 160–161 Antifragile (Taleb), 193 Anti-fragile systems, 4, 6 Appreciation, for maintenance staff, 180–183 Arnade, Chris, 214–215 ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), 65–67 Assessment process, 77 Automobile reliance: development based on, 27–30 and modern city development, 111–112 productivity and, 140 B Barbell investment approach, 148–150, 150f Better Block Foundation, 159 Bezos, Jeff, 102 Bias, confirmation, 69, 74, 183–186 Bicycles, 112 Big box stores: alternative uses of sites of, 169 productivity for, 136–137 Big project mentality, 184–186 The Big Sort (Bishop), 207–208 “Bipartisan Placemaking: Reaching Conservatives” panel, 210 Bishop, Bill, 207–208 The Black Swan (Taleb), 59, 120 Blighted areas, productivity of, 131–134, 140 Boise State University, 126 Boys & Girls Club of Santa Ana, x Brainerd, Minnesota, 16f, 18f development of infrastructure in, 30–31 experimental development pattern in, 125–126 founding and development of, 16–17 productivity at downtown vs. edge of town, 134–138 traditional vs. modern development in, 131–134 Bretton Woods agreement, 90 Brooklyn, New York, 213–214 Brown, Aaron, 211 Brown, Michael, 114 Budgeting, by cities, 50–57 Building code deficiencies, addressing, 194 Buildings, complex vs. complicated, 20–23 Bureaucracy, 172 Burnham, Daniel, 122 Bush, George W., 209 C California, government decision making in, 197–198 Capital investments, return on, 171–172 Carbon-reduction benefits, 74 Carlson, Curtis, 121 “Carlson's Law,” 121 Cash flow: and debt, 98, 187–192, 188f–190f over life cycle of development project, 52–57, 55f, 56f CBO (Congressional Budget Office), 78–80 Centralization, 198 Chaos, order vs., 121–122 Chicken problem, 195 Cities, 37–62 abandonment of, 109–110 accounting for infrastructure by, 70–71 budgeting and growth in, 50–57 contracting of, 154 Detroit, Michigan, 60–62 development of Pompeii, Italy, 5–10 economic stability of modern, 104–106 engineer's view of, 11 experimental development pattern in, 126–127 filling gaps in, 160–163 and illusion of wealth, 57–60 incremental growth in founding of, 15–20 as infinite game, 38–41 and infrastructure, 44–50 maintenance required for infrastructure in, 115 modern development of, 12 revenues and expenses, 41–44 traditional vs. modern development of, 1–3 Cities and the Wealth of a Nation (Jacobs), 101–102 City Council of Santa Ana, ix, x City engineer, 177t City halls, 43–44 City planner, 177t Class: and neighborhoods, 21–22 and re-urbanization, 116 Clinton, Bill, 209 Clinton, Hillary, 63 Cognitive Architecture (Sussman and Hollander), 8 Cognitive discounting, 65 Collaboration, between government officials and citizens, 195–197 Commers, Jon, 45 Common infrastructure, 130 Community living, 199–218 differing opinions in, 206–212 and extended family, 200–201 as infinite game, 39–40 meaning in, 212–218 in neighborhoods, 202–203 in Pompeii, Italy, 6–7 walking in, 203–206 Complex, adaptive systems: human habitats as, 3–4 and incremental growth, 168 incremental growth of, 15–16, 18–19 rational decision making with, 120–123 Complex buildings, 20–23 Complicated buildings, 20–23 Complicated systems, 11–14 Confirmation bias, 69, 74, 183–186 Conflicts, dealing with, 206–212 Congress for the New Urbanism, 210 Congressional Budget Office (CBO), 78–80 Constraints: and economic stability, 93–96 and gold standard, 90 growth as, 100 prudent, for investments, 164–168 removal of, in modern world, 59–60, 96 Construction costs, 136–137 Consumption, 215–216 Costa Rica, 126–127 The Crash Course (Martenson), 108 Critical systems, 182–183 Cross-generational civic collaboration, 187 D Dallas, Texas, 159 Darwin, Charles, 8 The Death and Life of Great American Cities (Jacobs), 8 Debt: and cash flow, 98 for federal government, 186 for government, 96–100 for local government, 113–114 for place-oriented government, 186–192 for projects with quality-of-life benefits, 187 for state government, 113–114 Debt to income ratio, 97 Decision making: rational, see Rational decision making subsidiarity in, 195–198 Default, on municipal debt, 191 Deneen, Patrick, 211 Density, as urban planning metric, 128–129 Depression economics, 86–89 Detroit, Michigan, 60–62 land values in, 24 renewal of urban, 117–119 Development projects: cash flow over life cycle of, 52–57, 53f, 55f, 56f decisions about failing, 115–120 Diamond, Jared, 58, 59, 84 Dig Deep, 211 Donjek, 45 Downtown, productivity of, 134–140, 139t, 143–144 Duany, Andres, 195 Duggan, Mike, 119 Duncanville, Texas, 160 E Economic development department, 178t Economics: and benefits of infrastructure spending, 72–73 in depressions, 86–89 Economic stability, 83–106 and auto-oriented development, 29–30 and constraints, 93–96 creating, 85–86 and depression economics, 86–89 and focus on growth, 100–102 following World War II, 89–91 and government debt, 96–100 growth vs. wealth, 102–104 of modern cities, 104–106 and post-war boom, 91–93 risk management strategies for, 83–85 Edges, 7–8 Edges of city: center vs., 28 city infrastructure necessary for, 115 productivity of, 134–138, 143–144 Efficiency, designing for, 174–176 Ehrenhalt, Alan, 116 Empire State Building (New York, New York), 129 Employment, in productive places, 133 England, 83 Expenses, and revenues, 41–44 Extended family, 200–201 F Failure, slow, 110–115 Failure to Act (ASCE report), 65–67 Family, extended, 200–201 Fannie Mae, 92 Farmers, risk management strategies of, 83–84 Federal Funds Rate, 97 Federal government: debt for, 186 impact of infrastructure on, 79 Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 89, 92 Federal Reserve, 99 Feedback, in local governments, 173–174 Ferguson, Missouri, 93, 114 FHA (Federal Housing Administration), 89 Financial status, local government's understanding of, 190–191 Finished states, neighborhoods built to, 21–23 “First ring” suburbs, 94 Form-based codes, 193–194 Fragile systems, 4 Franchises, productivity of, 133–134 Freddie Mac, 92 Future, predicting needs for, 19–20, 120–121 G Gaps, in cities, 160–163 Garcia, Anthony, 158 Gas tax, 75 Gawron, Stephen, 161 Gehl, Jan, 8 “General Theory of Walkability,” 206 Gentrification, of urban neighborhoods, 117 Goals, of individuals vs. communities, 40–41 Goland, Carol, 84 Gold reserves, 94 Gold standard, as basis for trade, 90 Government debt, 96–100 Government policies, prioritizing traffic, 29 Great Depression, 87–89, 191 The Great Inversion and the Future of the American City (Ehrenhalt), 116 Great Society, 93 Growth: economic stability and focus on, 100–102 in municipalities, 50–57 as objective of local governments, 176 wealth vs., 102–104 H Haidt, Jonathan, 208, 209, 215 Hardship, response to, 172–174 Hasidic Judaism, 213–214, 217 Hemingway, Ernest, 4 Henwood, Doug, 79 Hierarchies, in local government, 174–176 Highland neighborhood (Shreveport, Louisiana), 220 Highland Park (Shreveport, Louisiana), 220 High land values, 27–30 High Point, North Carolina, 161 Highway bypass corridor, 134–138 Hollander, Justin B., 8, 9 Homeless shelters, xi Homes, changing, 20 Hoover, Herbert, 87 Horizontal expansion, in California, 197 Housing: in California, 197–198 post-war changes in, 92 preference for single-family, 144–145 Housing authority, 178t How to Live in a World We Don't Understand (Taleb), 59 Human habitats, 1–14 as complex, adaptive systems, 3–4 in North America, 1–3 spooky wisdom in, 5–10 as systems that are complicated, 11–14 Hunter-gatherer existence, 58 Hurricane Katrina, 102–103 Hurricane Rita, 102–103 I Illusion of Wealth: and constant maintenance, 152 human response to, 57–60 Illusion of Wealth phase of development, 143 Improvement to Land (I/L) Ratio, 25, 25f, 117 Improvement value, 23–25, 25f Incentives, to fix problems, 113 Income taxes, 72 Incremental changes, implementing, 122–123, 156–157 Incremental growth, 15–35 and complex, adaptive systems, 168 complex vs. complicated buildings in, 20–23 constraints on, 164 and founding of cities, 15–20 good and bad development in, 34–35 and high land values, 27–30 and neighborhood renewal, 23–27 private and public investment in, 30–34 in traditional habitat development, 2 Infill projects, 160 Infrastructure, 63–81 accounting for, 70–71 and American Society of Civil Engineers, 65–67 calculating returns on investment for, 67–69 Congressional Budget Office on, 78–80 development of, 30–34 as investment, 41–42 in modern development, 32 and municipalities, 44–50 perception of need for more, 63–65 ratio of private to public investment in, 129–130 real return on investment, 74–78 secondary effects of, 72–74 Infrastructure Cult: development of, 65–67 paper returns calculated by, 69 Insolvency, 187–192 Interstate highway system, 92 Investment(s), 147–170 barbell investment approach, 148–150 capital, 171–172 conventional vs. strong towns thinking about, 185–186, 186t in filling gaps in cities, 160–163 impact of regulations on, 194 infrastructure as, 41–42 little bets, 150–160 low-risk investments with steady returns, 150–155 prudent constraints for, 164–168 public and private, 30–34, 31f, 32f returns on, see Return on investment in Suburban Retrofit, 168–169 Italy, walking in, 203–204 J Jacobs, Jane, 8, 101–102 Japan, 76 Jimmy's Pizza, 161–162 Job creation, 49, 72–73 Johnson, Neil, 12, 13 Junger, Sebastian, 216–217 K Keynes, John Maynard, 88 Keynesian economic policies, 88 Krugman, Paul, 63, 78 Kunstler, James, 110–111 L Lafayette, Louisiana, 101, 141–144, 151 Landau, Moshe, 213–214, 217 Land value: in declining suburbs, 113 and interstate highway project, 92 and neighborhood renewal, 23–25, 25f in neighborhoods with different types of properties, 165–167, 165f, 166f and suburban development, 27–30 Learning, from previous local investments, 187 Legacy programs, 173 Lifestyle choices, 202, 205–206 “Lifestyle enclaves,” 208 Little bets, 16–18, 150–160 Local economy: as basis for national economy, 101–102 national vs., 103 Local government: changes in, to maintain economic stability, 105–106 debt taken on by, 113–114 funded by state government, 95 impact of infrastructure on, 79–80 profit run by, 37–38, 147 relationship of state and, 198 Long declines, 110–115 “Long emergency,” 110–111 Long Recession of the 1870s, 77 Los Angeles, California, xi Lovable places, 10 Low-risk investments, with steady returns, 150–155 Lydon, Mike, 158 M Maintenance: ability to keep up with, 109 cash-flow debt to cover, 188–192, 188f–190f of development projects, 52–57 of infrastructure, 46–49 need for constant, 151–154 in place-oriented government, 180–183 required for single-family homes, 112 Maintenance department, 179t Manhattan, New York, 24 Martenson, Chris, 108 Meaning, life of, 212–218 Middle class, 92, 93, 144–145 Milan, Italy, 164 Mills Fleet Farm, 134–137 Minicozzi, Joseph, 138–140, 161 “Minnesota Miracle,” 95 Mixed-use neighborhoods, 163, 169 Modern city development: as high-risk investments, 149 as lead by pubic investment, 34–35 productive places in, 131–134 Modern Monetary Theory, 99 Mortgages, during Great Depression, 88–89 Mouzon, Steve, 10, 113 Muskegon, Michigan, 161 N National Association of Home Builders, 136 National economy, local vs., 103 Natural disasters, 102–103 Neighborhoods: abandonment of, 109–110 built to finished states, 21–23 changing in post-war era, 92–93 community living in, 202–203 decline of, 113 gentrification of urban, 117 mixed-use, 163, 169 renewal of, and incremental growth, 23–27 responses to improvements in, 158 structured around religions, 214 in transition sections of Detroit, 118 Neighbors, being involved with, 202–203 New Deal economics, 87–88 New Orleans, Louisiana, 102, 182 Nixon, Richard, 94 Noncritical systems, 182 O Oak Cliff neighborhood (Dallas, Texas), 159 Obama, Barack, 63 Obesity, among Pacific Islanders, 58–59 Options Real Estate, 160 Orange County, California, xi–xii Order, chaos vs., 121–122 The Original Green (Mouzon), 10, 113 Oroville dam (California), 182 Oswego, New York, 152 Oswego Renaissance Association, 152 P Pacific Islanders, 58–59, 183–185 Paper returns on investment, 67–69 Paradox of Avarice, 104 Paradox of Thrift, 88, 104 Pareidolia, 8–9, 9f Parks department, 178t Party analogy, 34–35 A Pattern Language (Alexander), 8 Pension funds, 56–57, 70, 98 Pequot Lakes, Minnesota, 44–46 Perception, of need for more infrastructure, 63–65 Personal preferences, 144–145 Peru, 84 Place-oriented government, 171–198 and confirmation bias, 183–186 designed for efficiency, 174–176 focus on broad wealth creation by, 176–180 maintenance as priority for, 180–183 and regulations, 192–194 response to hardship by, 172–174 subsidiarity in, 195–198 understanding of debt by, 186–192 Political differences, 207 Pompeii, Italy, 5–10 Post-war boom: and economic stability, 91–93 modern city development established in, 12 Power, subsidiarity principle and, 196–198 Prayer of Saint Francis, 218 Prioritization, of maintenance, 180–183 Private development, 40 Private investment: private to public investment ratio, 129–130 public and, 30–34, 31f, 32f Private sector (businesses): response to economic hardship in, 172–173 small, see Small businesses Problem solving, 13–14 Productive places, 125–146 downtown vs. edge of town, 134–138 in past, 125–127 and personal preferences, 144–145 productivity calculations for, 128–130 return on investment, 141–144 traditional vs. modern development in, 131–134 value per acre, 138–141 Productivity, calculations of, 128–130 Project teams, 179–180 Property taxes, 49 Property value, 23–25, 25f Public health, and walking neighborhoods, 205 Public investment: private and, 30–34, 31f, 32f private to public investment ratio, 129–130 returns required for, 147 Public safety department, 179t Q Quality-of-life benefits, 187 Quantitative Easing, 99 R Railroad companies, 77 Rational decision making, 107–123 about failing development systems, 115–120 about long declines, 110–115 within complex, adaptive system, 120–123 and lack of single solution, 107–110 Real return on investment, 74–78 Redevelopment, financial productivity after, 131–134, 139–140, 139t Redundant systems, 182 ReForm Shreveport, 219, 220 Regulations: from place-oriented government, 192–194 and subsidiarity principle, 195–198 Repealing regulations, 192–193 Republican Party, 209 Request for proposal (RFP), 50 Residents, learning concerns of, 156–157 Resources: assumption of abundance of, 12–14 wasted, in modern development, 19 Retreats, strategic, 108–109 Return on investment, 141–144 calculating, for infrastructure, 67–69 for capital projects, 171–172 in cities, 44 and debt taken on by local governments, 187 low-risk investments with steady, 150–155 paper, 67–69 real, 74–78 social, 78–79 Revenues, and expenses, 41–44 RFP (request for proposal), 50 The Righteous Mind (Haidt), 208 Risk management strategies, 83–85 Roaring Twenties, 87 Roberts, Jason, 159 Roosevelt, Franklin, 87, 88 Rotary International, 203 S St.

Saving America's Cities: Ed Logue and the Struggle to Renew Urban America in the Suburban Age
by Lizabeth Cohen
Published 30 Sep 2019

Low-income residents have few prospects in economically declining cities, but their options are also worsening in more dynamic urban areas. Despite the fact that their labor often keeps these cities running, lower-income people find it increasingly difficult to survive as better-off residents are drawn there. They find a shrinking supply of available housing because of the transformation of existing rental units into condos, the gentrification of formerly working-class and immigrant neighborhoods, and community resistance to building new affordable residential projects. Meanwhile, working people’s wages have stagnated as their rents continue to climb. The result is a severe national crisis. Increasing numbers of Americans are “rent-burdened.”

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IBA worked closely with the Madison Park architect John Sharratt on the design, secured seed money from a local Episcopal church and sizable grants from the federal and state governments, and sold three hundred units to the Boston Housing Authority to help support the lowest-income renters.87 In the 1980s, the momentum created by all this South End neighborhood housing activism carried over to a successful campaign to demand jobs for local, particularly minority, residents and the allocation of retail space for community-oriented stores in the newly planned Copley Place retail-hotel-office complex at the border of the Back Bay and the South End, adjacent to the Prudential Center.88 By the end of urban renewal, the dogged, demanding struggle of the South End lower-income community had forced the BRA to make concessions, much as eventually had happened in Charlestown. As a result, the South End that emerged out of the turbulent 1960s and 1970s was, despite the relentless pressures of gentrification, a surprisingly diverse neighborhood, given its proximity to downtown and affluent Back Bay. Private homes and condos continued to skyrocket in price, but they existed alongside a substantial amount of subsidized housing such as Tent City and Villa Victoria, still tenant-managed under the IBA and employing fifty residents.

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Ironically, considering the intense conflict between the BRA and the community, the South End perhaps more than any other Boston neighborhood came to embody the mixed class and racial profile that Logue desired, though little provision was made for the single residents of lodging houses from pre–urban renewal days. They had few advocates in the New South End. The community’s success in fending off total gentrification did not escape Mel King. In fact, rather than condemn the urban renewal of the South End out of hand, King instead credited it with successfully mobilizing the less privileged in the area and ultimately providing a channel through which the community could negotiate with the city for greater resources.

Rome Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

{map 5} Piazza Navona Slap-bang in the middle of Rome, this oval-shaped piazza is home to grand Baroque fountains and seriously touristy pavement cafés. Romans know better; they prefer to linger over their wine in one of the traditional bars tucked down the streets bounding the piazza. {map 1} Pigneto Despite looming gentrification, cool kid on the block Pigneto remains rough around the edges. Street art and vegan cafés make this edgy area a hipster’s paradise. {map 6} Prati This white-collar neighbour­hood throngs with office workers going about their business during the week. But, come the weekend, locals pour in to sip coffees and enjoy an afternoon stroll with stellar views of St Peter’s Basilica.

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The piazza trills with friendly chatter as locals peruse the city’s most popular fruit and veg market (even Rome’s top chefs are regulars), open every Monday through Saturday. » Don’t leave without seeking out Franca, a die-hard Roma football fan who has been serving customers at lightning speed for 70 years. g Beloved Markets g Contents Google Map MERCATO ESQUILINO Map 4; Via Principe Amedeo 184, Esquilino; ///apply.stump.croak; 329 213 0617 Standing firm against gentrification, Mercato Esquilino perfectly captures the welcoming charm and cultural diversity that has long existed in Rome. Chinese grocers, Roman fishmongers, halal butchers – everyone coexists happily at this down-to-earth market. g Beloved Markets g Contents Google Map PORTA PORTESE Map 2; Piazza di Porta Portese, Trastevere; ///writings.burying.zips; www.portaportesemarket.it Every Sunday morning, the roads around the ancient gate of Porta Portese are closed to make way for hundreds of savvy peddlers, each piling their stalls high with… stuff.

Barcelona Like a Local: by the People Who Call It Home
by Dk Eyewitness

Barceloneta Glitzy hotels and an artificial beach might tempt the tourists but this district also offers old-school bodegas and traditional street parties. Once a fishing village, Barceloneta became a refuge for families forced out of Born thanks to the construction of Parc de la Ciutadella in the 1800s. It’s no wonder, then, that the barri’s locals – descendants of displaced families – actively protest against gentrification in their patch today. {map 5} Born Technically called “Sant Pere, Santa Catalina i la Ribera”, Born is a labyrinth of medieval streets. Locals expertly navigate these alleyways, ducking into the barri’s artisan stores and workshops, just as locals did centuries ago. {map 1} Eixample Vast and gridded Eixample buzzes with life, day and night.

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{map 2} Sant Antoni Hot on Gràcia’s heels as a hipster’s paradise is Sant Antoni. The uber-cool barri is awash with bougie brunch spots and trendy clothing stores, plus old-school Catalan restaurants and charming orxateries. {map 3} Sants A working-class district to its core, Sants stands firm as the final frontier against gentrification. Cultural associations, workers’ cooperatives and traditional businesses form the social fabric of this residential outpost. {map 6} Sarrià The upper parts of the city (in and around the rolling Collserola hills) are also home to its upper classes. Sarrià is one such posh patch. Expect beautiful townhouses, expensive wine bars and fancy gourmet shops galore.

Copenhagen Like a Local
by DK

{map 1} Nordhavn Once a centre of industry, Nordhavn is now the poster child for sustainable urban development, with crowds of coffee-clutching creatives calling its modern, water-front apartments home. {map 6} Nordvest Fast replacing Nørrebro as the city’s hipster enclave, Nordvest is awash with craft breweries, artisan coffee roasters and innovative start-ups. {map 6} Nørrebro Historically a multiethnic area, Nørrebro has seen contentious gentrification. Having said that, it’s still hard to beat for powerful street art, global grub and buzzing bars. {map 3} Østerbro You know you’re in Østerbro when you can see green for days. Copenhagen’s largest park lies here – a city-centre escape where locals come to stretch their legs or read on the grass.

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Arts & Culture | City History Here’s a lovely part of the city to wander around, away from the crowds. Kartoffelrækkerne was built in the late 19th century to provide hygienic workers’ housing at the height of the cholera epidemic. And its socially minded architecture inspired later Danish builds such as Bjarke Ingels’ 8 Tallet. Yes, gentrification may have transformed the apartments into sumptuous townhouses, but this little-visited part of Indre By is still infused with working-class history. g City History g Contents Google Map NYBODERS MINDESTUER Map 4; Sankt Pauls Gade 24, Indre By; ///removal.narrow.adults; www.nybodersmindestuer.dk While tourists trek out to Helsingør to learn about Copenhagen’s maritime history, locals know they can stay closer to home.

Chicago Like a Local
by DK

All the big-ticket sights are here: think towering skyscrapers, acclaimed museums, and the art-filled Millennium Park. {map 1} Old Town Ready for some live comedy? Come to the Old Town. This area is famed for its comedy clubs, including the iconic Second City. {map 4} Pilsen Stashed in Chicago’s southwest corner, this historically Mexican community has stood strong in the face of gentrification. Flannel-clad 20-somethings and Hispanic families coexist in harmony here, set to a backdrop of colorful murals and friendly, hole-in-the-wall taquerias. {map 1} River North Thanks to this area’s stellar roster of bars, restaurants, and venues, everyone plays in River North. {map 1} Rogers Park A varied cast of Loyola University students, newly arrived immigrants, families, and retirees call this neighborhood home.

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g On Stage and Screen g Contents Google Map URBANTHEATER COMPANY Map 3; 2620 West Division Street, Humboldt Park; ///second.rubble.tiny; www.urbantheaterchicago.org For an insight into Humboldt Park’s Puerto Rican roots, catch a play at this provocative indie theater. Community storytelling is at the fore here, with past productions exploring subjects such as the Puerto Rican identity and the impact of local gentrification. g ARTS & CULTURE g Contents Public Art Genre-defying digital displays, politically fueled murals, and landmark sculptures by world-famous artists: Chicago knows how to cause a stir with its public art, and we’re here for it. g ARTS & CULTURE g Contents Public Art PILSEN MURALS ART ON THE MART UNTITLED BY PICASSO CLOUD GATE UNTITLED SOUNDING SCULPTURE WABASH ARTS CORRIDOR MUDDY WATERS MURAL GREETINGS FROM CHICAGO g Public Art g Contents Google Map PILSEN MURALS Map 1; 922 West 16th Street, Pilsen; ///attend.types.darker This walkable slice of Pilsen is a treasure trove of street art, much of which speaks to the joys and struggles experienced by the area’s historically Latinx population.

Vancouver Like a Local
by Jacqueline Salomé

{map 1} Downtown Small but perfectly formed, Downtown is the city’s commercial district. Here, locals browse shops on Robson Street, stop for a drink on Granville Street, and pop into Vancouver Art Gallery for some culture. {map 1} East Van Eclectic East Van is Vancouver’s leftist liberal heart. Despite the slow but steady burn of gentrification, the area has maintained its bohemian attitude with edgy underground arts venues and indie restaurants peppered along The Drive. {map 5} Fairview Residential Fairview is crossed by the South Granville strip. Here, shoppers shock their wallets at high-end boutiques, which are popular with the mansion-dwellers of neighboring Shaughnessy.

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g Favorite Museums g Contents Google Map DR. SUN YAT-SEN CLASSICAL CHINESE GARDEN Map 2; 578 Carrall Street, Chinatown; ///bikers.match.models; www.vancouverchinesegarden.com In recent years, historic Chinatown has been making headlines for all the wrong reasons (homelessness, crime, gentrification wars). But this beautiful Ming Dynasty-style garden remains an oasis of calm in the midst of urban turbulence. Okay, it’s not technically a museum, but it regularly hosts art exhibitions and other cultural events inside the garden’s traditional Chinese buildings. g Favorite Museums g Contents Google Map BEATY BIODIVERSITY MUSEUM Map 6; 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia; ///ambition.gathers.busy; www.beatymuseum.ubc.ca Ever wondered just how big a blue whale really is?

Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture
by Kyle Chayka
Published 15 Jan 2024

There could be a disappointment with finding the expected aesthetic in yet another place—a burgeoning boredom—as well as a sense of intrusion, that the influence of digital platforms was extending somewhere that it had not theretofore reached, a sign of Filterworld’s expansion. A South African woman named Sarita Pillay Gonzalez noticed the aesthetic in Cape Town in the late 2010s, when she was working there at an urbanism nonprofit. Gonzalez saw it as a form of gentrification, or even an echo of colonialism in a postcolonial country. Generically minimalist coffee shops were popping up on Kloof Street, in Cape Town Central. Gonzalez identified them by their “long wooden tables, wrought-iron finishings, those lightbulbs that hang, hanging plants,” she reeled off the list when I spoke with her.

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Not only the spaces but the customers were homogenous, Gonzalez observed: “If you go into the cafés, they’re predominantly white. But it’s historically a neighborhood for people of color. It’s definitely associated with the gentrifying class of people.” Only certain types of people were encouraged to feel comfortable in the zone of AirSpace, and others were actively filtered out. Gentrification is a form of flattening, too—a fact visible not least from the aesthetics of renovated buildings that take over affordable neighborhoods, the bricks painted gray, the wooden railings turned into tension wire, the sans serif address numbers mounted next to the door. It required money and a certain fluency for someone to be comfortable with the characteristic act of plunking down a laptop on one of the generic cafés’ broad tables and sitting there for hours, akin to learning the unspoken etiquette of a cocktail bar in a luxury hotel.

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Looking up Weekenders’s Instagram account now, its tagged photos over the course of years are a litany of the same self-satisfied image, the image that I took: a single coffee resting on the countertop. The reduction to a single, archetypal, repetitive image wasn’t an accident. It was the end point of a longer process. In the early 2010s, a new phenomenon emerged called an “Instagram wall.” In part, it was an outgrowth of the street-art movement of the 2000s, a gentrification of graffiti that saw clean, officially sanctioned murals take over city walls, particularly in neighborhoods where decrepit warehouses were plentiful. Street art became an attraction in and of itself, like an outdoor art gallery. When I lived in Bushwick, I saw constant groups of French tourists being guided along the sparsely populated streets of the industrial neighborhood as if it were the Louvre, marveling at murals that eventually were replaced by hand-painted paid advertising.

Hired: Six Months Undercover in Low-Wage Britain
by James Bloodworth
Published 1 Mar 2018

Sooner or later, my first passenger would be digitally waving me down for a ride. I stared intently at the glowing blue orb which pulsated on the map, and I waited. 18 I got my first pick-up on Ladbroke Road in Notting Hill, W11. This is an area of London which epitomises the phenomenon known as ‘gentrification’, whereby run-down urban areas are transformed by the arrival of affluent residents en masse. Nearby Portland Road has gone from being a slum where as recently as the sixties properties were sold for £10,000, to one of the most desirable places in London where properties sell for millions. I was already familiar with the area, having been drinking several times at the Earl of Lonsdale pub nearby, a peculiarly old-fashioned place which might have appeared in one of Patrick Hamilton’s pub novels of the 1930s.

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.: These Poor Hands 23, 149, 190 courier firms 211, 215, 217, 223, 236, 244–7, 250, 256, 257 Cwm, Wales 147, 148, 187, 190, 195, 196, 197 Cwmbran, Wales 143 Daily Express 124–5 Daily Mail 66, 134, 188 Dan (bicycle courier) 248, 249 Dangerfield, George 72 Davies, Idris 148–9 Gwalia Deserta (Wasteland of Wales) 148 ‘The Angry Summer’ 174 debt 62, 69, 146, 151, 153 Deliveroo 215, 217, 223, 250, 256, 257 democratic socialists 192 Department for Work and Pensions 133 Dickens, Charles 29, 205, 210, 249; Hard Times 138–9 Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) 88–90, 109–10, 214 Dorothy (housemate of JB) 203, 204–5 DriveNow 217 Dropit 217 Eastern Europe, migrant workers from 11, 13, 15, 21, 24, 26–7, 30, 32, 33, 34, 45, 57, 61–2, 75, 114–16, 128–9, 154, 203–4, 260–1 see also under individual nation name Ebbw Vale, Wales 147, 149, 154; legacy of de-industrialisation in 187–200 Elborough, Travis 93 emergency housing 96 employment agencies 1, 16, 19, 20, 23, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 56, 65–6, 70, 72, 73, 82, 86, 127, 130, 158, 189, 194 see also under individual agency name Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) 248 employment contracts/classification: Amazon 19–20, 53, 58 care sector 87–8, 107–8, 116 Uber 214–15, 222, 229–35, 243, 245, 250–2, 257 zero-hours see zero-hours contracts employment tribunals 38, 229–30, 243–4 English seaside, debauchery and 92–3 Enterprise Rent-A-Car 214 ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) programmes 115–16 European Economic Community (EEC) 195 European Referendum (2016) 61, 195–6 Evening Standard 208, 241 Express & Star 59–60 Fabian Society 109 Farrar, James 229–31, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241–2, 250, 254, 255–6 Fellows of the Academies of Management 17 Fernie, Sue 182 financial crisis (2008) 1, 2, 45, 125, 195, 209 Flash (former miner) 165–8, 170, 171–2, 174, 175, 176–8, 179, 188, 196 Fleet News 246 Foot, Michael 149 football 56, 58, 92, 94, 97, 98, 126, 135, 169 fruit picking 61 FTSE 123, 262 Gag Mag 122 Gallagher, Patrick 246 Gary (homeless man, Blackpool) 96–104, 105 Gaz (Gag Mag seller, Blackpool) 122 GDP 146 General Election (2015) 109 General Strike (1926) 148, 149, 173 gentrification 219 Geoff (former miner) 189, 190, 191, 193 ‘gig’ economy 2, 208–10, 217–18, 232, 236, 242, 243–4, 248, 249–50, 252, 257 see also Uber Gissing, George: New Grub Street 64 GMB union 36 grammar schools 261 Guardian 5, 235 Hamstead Colliery, Great Barr 169 Hazel (home carer) 110–11, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Heller, Joseph: Catch-22 235–6 Hemel Hempstead 54, 70 Henley, William Ernest: ‘England, My England’ vii Hoggart, Richard: The Uses of Literacy 45 home care worker (domiciliary care worker): Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks 88–90, 109–10 employment contracts 87–8, 107–8, 116, 118, 120 length of home care visits 108–9, 110 local authority budget cuts and 107–10 MAR (Medication Administration Record) sheets 114, 115 migrant workers as 114–16 negligent 86–7 privatisation of social care and 106–8, 109 recruitment 82–4 ‘shadowing’ process 88, 109–10 societal view of 106 staffing crisis 85–6, 119 suicide rate among 100 typical day/workload 110–14, 118 unions and 88 view job as vocation 86–7 wages/pay 107–8, 117, 118–19, 159 Home Instead 119 homelessness 95–105, 138, 187, 208 hostels 95, 96, 101, 102 housing/accommodation: Amazon workers, Rugeley 20–2, 24–6 Blackpool 80, 124, 137–8 buy-to-let housing market 24 emergency housing 96 homelessness and 95, 96, 101, 102, 137–8 hostels 95, 96, 101, 102 inability to buy 62 landlords and 12, 21, 24, 39, 67, 69, 95–6, 137–8, 164, 204, 206, 258 London 203–8 migrant workers and 20–2, 24–6, 197–8 social housing 62, 206 Swansea 124, 150 housing benefit 96, 137–8, 248 immigration 26–7, 61, 115–16, 128–9, 144, 193, 197–9, 236, 259–61 see also migrant workers indeed.co.uk 83–4 independent contractors 209, 248, 251–2 Independent Workers Union of Great Britain (IWGB) 230, 257 inequality 18, 73, 123, 125, 207–8, 226, 238, 262, 263 inflation 2, 122 job centres 19, 96, 133–6, 139–40, 156, 158 Joe (housemate of JB) 22 John Lewis 23, 83 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 70, 159 June (call centre employee) 181–2, 183, 184 Kalanick, Travis 215, 228, 229, 233, 235 Kelly, Kath 66 Khan, Sadiq 256 Koestler, Arthur: The God that Failed 228 Labour Party 7, 57, 59, 61, 109, 144, 149, 150, 173, 174 Ladbroke Road, Notting Hill, London 219 Lamb, Norman 109 Lancashire Evening Post 104–5 landlords, private 12, 21, 24, 39, 67, 69, 95–6, 137–8, 164, 204, 206, 258 Lea Hall Colliery, Staffordshire 31–2, 54, 55, 56, 57 Lea Hall Miners’ Social Club, Staffordshire 55, 56, 74 Len (step-grandfather of JB) 143–4 Lili (London) 203–4 living wage 1, 85, 160, 246 Lloyd George, David 172 loan sharks 151, 156 local councils 104–5, 164 London 201–57 accommodation/housing in 65, 203–8, 218 gentrification in 219 ‘gig’ economy in 208–57, 263 homelessness in 95 migrant labour in 205–6, 213, 239 wealth divide in 207–8, 238 London Congestion Charge 254 London Courier Emergency Fund (LCEF) 247 London Metropolitan Police 90 London, Jack 205 low-skilled jobs, UK economy creation of 153 Lydia (Amazon employee) 70 Macmillan, Harold 3 manufacturing jobs, disappearance of 59, 139 Marine Colliery, Cwm, Wales 190 Mayhew, Henry 4, 205 McDonald’s 52, 68, 83 Merkel, Angela 196 Metcalf, David 182 middle-class 6, 39, 51, 67, 68, 69, 72–3, 74, 75, 149, 178, 205, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263 migrant labour: Amazon use of 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22–7, 30, 32, 33, 34, 44, 45, 46, 51, 53, 57, 61–2, 65, 71–5, 258, 260–1 care home workers 114–16 ‘gig’ economy and 203–6, 213, 239 restaurant workers 154 retail sector and 128–9 Miliband, Ed 109 mining see coal mining Miners’ Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) 173 Miners’ Strike (1984–5) 3, 174–7 minimum wage 1, 7, 55, 62, 84, 107, 108, 118, 135, 155, 159, 173, 189–90, 209, 212, 235, 236, 245, 250, 262 Morecambe, Lancashire 137–8 Morgan family 156–8 Morgan, Huw: How Green Was My Valley 147 Moyer-Lee, Jason 257 National Coal Board (NCB) 54, 170, 171 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 108 National Union of Miners (NUM) 174, 176 New York Times 222 NHS (National Health Service) 106, 108, 247 Nirmal (Amazon employee) 45–6, 51 Norbert (Amazon employee) 71–5 nostalgia 3, 60, 93–4, 216 Nottingham 2, 151–2 objectivism 228 oil crisis (1973) 122–3 Oliver, Jamie 154 Orwell, George 56, 169 Palmer, William 29 pay see wages and under individual job title and employer name payday loans 156 PayPal 216 Pimlico Plumbers 251–2 platform capitalism 215 PMP Recruitment 19, 189–90 Poland, migrant workers from 128–9, 130, 135, 197–8 ‘poor, the’ 145 Port Talbot, Wales 166, 176, 190, 196 ‘post-truth’ discourse 199 ‘post-work’ world 165 poverty: Blackpool and 132, 137 class and 4 darkness and 96 diet/weight and 137 ease of slipping into 5 Eastern Europe and 26 monthly salary and 156 as a moral failing 188–9 press treatment of 66–7 time and 67 working poor living in 194 Preston, Lancashire 100, 105, 138–9 private school system 123 progressive thought 262 Public Accounts Committee (PAC) 107 Putin, Vladimir 71 Rand, Ayn 228–9, 235, 236; The Fountainhead 228, 229 recession (2008) 1, 45, 104, 121, 125, 156 ‘regeneration’ 55, 60–1, 146 rent-to-own 157–8 retirement, working in 58–9 Reve, Gerard: The Evenings 160 Robin (Cwm) 196, 197 Rochelle (home care worker) 117–19 Romania, migrant workers from 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22–7, 32, 44, 46, 51, 53, 61, 65, 71–5, 203, 206, 258 Ron (former miner) 170, 195 Royal London 59 Royal London pub, Wolverhampton 71 Royal Mail 151 Rugeley, Staffordshire 28–35 Amazon distribution centre in 11–76, 79, 86, 119, 127, 128, 159, 258 decline of coal mining industry in 31–2, 54–6, 57, 169 disappearance of manufacturing jobs from 54–63 high street 28–35 immigration and 30–4, 193–4 Tesco and 58–9, 62–3 Scargill, Arthur 175 scientific management theories 17 Scotland Yard 90 self-employment: ’gig’ economy and 214–15, 222, 229–30, 234, 243–4, 245, 246, 249, 250–1 increase in numbers of workers 2, 209 ‘independent contractors’ and 209, 248, 251–2 Selwyn (former miner) 175, 178, 179, 263–4 Senghenydd, Glamorgan pit explosion (1913) 169–70 Shelter 104 Shirebrook Colliery, Derbyshire 55 Shu, William 250 Silicon Valley, California 210, 232 Sillitoe, Alan: Saturday Night and Sunday Morning 2, 3, 94 Sky Sports News 126 social democracy 3, 263 social housing 62, 206 socialism 7, 56, 131, 144, 148, 149, 173 social mobility 58, 199, 261 South Wales Miners’ Museum, Afan Argoed 166, 196 South Wales Valleys 141–200 accommodation in 150, 197 Amazon in 145–6 beauty of 148 call centre jobs in 153–64, 180–6 coal industry and 143–4, 147–9, 165–79, 180, 188, 189, 190–1, 193, 195, 196 immigration and 197–9 JB’s family history and 143–4 legacy of de-industrialisation in 187–200 nostalgia and 147 radical history of 149–50 see also under individual place name ‘spice’ 95 Sports Direct 55 squatting 96, 99 steel industry 176, 180, 188, 189, 190, 196–7 Steven (housemate of JB) 124, 126, 127–31 Stoke-on-Trent 58–9 suicide 99–100 Sunday Times 175 ‘Best Companies to Work For’ 154 Rich List 125 Swansea, Wales 145–6, 150–2, 154–64, 176, 178, 197, 205 Tata Steel 190 tax 65, 69, 70, 118, 146, 158, 159, 163, 164, 212, 229, 244, 246, 248, 251, 255 Taylor, Frederick W.: The Principles of Scientific Management 17 Tesco 35, 57, 58–9, 62–3 Thatcher, Margaret 122, 123, 146, 174–5, 193, 207, 263–4 Thorn Automation 57 Thorn EMI 59 trade unions: Amazon and 36 B&M and 130, 131 call centres and 160, 181, 184–5, 186 care sector and 88 coal industry decline and 55–6, 173, 174, 263–4 decline of 2, 3, 35 ‘gig’ economy and 230, 257, 261 objectivism and 228 oil crisis (1973) and 122 Thatcher and 123, 174, 193, 263–4 Wales and 144, 149 see also under individual union name Trades Union Congress (TUC) 173 transgender people 40–1 Transline Group 19, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 65–6, 86 Transport for London (TFL) 211, 212–13, 214, 233, 254, 256 Tredegar Workmen’s Medical Aid Society 247 Trefil, Wales 149 Trump, Donald 7 Uber 207, 211–57 ‘account status’ 221 clocking in at 218 corporation tax and 229 customers 221, 222, 226–7, 237–41, 244, 257 driver costs/expenses 214, 217, 233, 241, 246, 253–5 driver employment classification/contract 214–15, 222, 229–35, 243, 245, 250–2, 257 driver hours 221, 226, 230, 232, 233, 236, 246, 253, 255 driver numbers 211–13, 233–5 driver wages/pay 212, 218, 221, 229–30, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 246, 252–5 employment tribunal against (2016) 229–34 flexibility of working for 213–14, 218, 230–3, 248, 250–1 James Farrar and see Farrar, James migrant labour and 213, 236 ‘Onboarding’ class 224–5, 238, 241, 256 opposition to 215–17 philosophy of 228–9, 235, 236 psychological inducements for drivers 222–3 rating system 225–7, 232, 238, 239, 243, 253 rejecting/accepting jobs 221–2, 224–5 ride process 219–21 surge pricing 237, 238, 253 TFL and 211, 212–13, 214, 233, 254, 256 Travis Kalanick and see Kalanick, Travis UberEATS 256 UberPOOL 225, 240–2, 253, 255–6 UberX 212, 225, 240, 241, 255 VAT and 229 vehicle requirements 214 unemployment 2, 32, 36, 62, 121–3, 132, 138, 148, 157, 172, 178, 179, 189–95, 199, 218 Unison 88, 108 Unite 55, 160 United Private Hire Drivers 230, 257 university education 3, 6, 61, 62, 123, 150–1, 152, 153–4 USDAW 130–1 Vettesse, Tony 138 Vicky (care sector supervisor) 86, 87 Wade, Alan 121, 123–4 wages: Amazon 18, 19, 37–9, 42–3, 65–6, 68, 69, 70, 159 call centre 155–6, 158–60, 164, 180 care sector 107–8, 117, 118–19, 159 living wage 1, 85, 160, 246 minimum wage 1, 7, 55, 62, 84, 107, 108, 118, 135, 155, 159, 173, 189–90, 209, 212, 235, 236, 245, 250, 262 Uber 212, 218, 221, 229–30, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 246, 252–5 wage stagnation 2 see also under individual employer, job and sector name Wealth and Assets Survey 207–8 wealth inequality 18, 73, 123, 125, 207–8, 238 Wells, H.

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.: These Poor Hands 23, 149, 190 courier firms 211, 215, 217, 223, 236, 244–7, 250, 256, 257 Cwm, Wales 147, 148, 187, 190, 195, 196, 197 Cwmbran, Wales 143 Daily Express 124–5 Daily Mail 66, 134, 188 Dan (bicycle courier) 248, 249 Dangerfield, George 72 Davies, Idris 148–9 Gwalia Deserta (Wasteland of Wales) 148 ‘The Angry Summer’ 174 debt 62, 69, 146, 151, 153 Deliveroo 215, 217, 223, 250, 256, 257 democratic socialists 192 Department for Work and Pensions 133 Dickens, Charles 29, 205, 210, 249; Hard Times 138–9 Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) 88–90, 109–10, 214 Dorothy (housemate of JB) 203, 204–5 DriveNow 217 Dropit 217 Eastern Europe, migrant workers from 11, 13, 15, 21, 24, 26–7, 30, 32, 33, 34, 45, 57, 61–2, 75, 114–16, 128–9, 154, 203–4, 260–1 see also under individual nation name Ebbw Vale, Wales 147, 149, 154; legacy of de-industrialisation in 187–200 Elborough, Travis 93 emergency housing 96 employment agencies 1, 16, 19, 20, 23, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 56, 65–6, 70, 72, 73, 82, 86, 127, 130, 158, 189, 194 see also under individual agency name Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) 248 employment contracts/classification: Amazon 19–20, 53, 58 care sector 87–8, 107–8, 116 Uber 214–15, 222, 229–35, 243, 245, 250–2, 257 zero-hours see zero-hours contracts employment tribunals 38, 229–30, 243–4 English seaside, debauchery and 92–3 Enterprise Rent-A-Car 214 ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) programmes 115–16 European Economic Community (EEC) 195 European Referendum (2016) 61, 195–6 Evening Standard 208, 241 Express & Star 59–60 Fabian Society 109 Farrar, James 229–31, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 240, 241–2, 250, 254, 255–6 Fellows of the Academies of Management 17 Fernie, Sue 182 financial crisis (2008) 1, 2, 45, 125, 195, 209 Flash (former miner) 165–8, 170, 171–2, 174, 175, 176–8, 179, 188, 196 Fleet News 246 Foot, Michael 149 football 56, 58, 92, 94, 97, 98, 126, 135, 169 fruit picking 61 FTSE 123, 262 Gag Mag 122 Gallagher, Patrick 246 Gary (homeless man, Blackpool) 96–104, 105 Gaz (Gag Mag seller, Blackpool) 122 GDP 146 General Election (2015) 109 General Strike (1926) 148, 149, 173 gentrification 219 Geoff (former miner) 189, 190, 191, 193 ‘gig’ economy 2, 208–10, 217–18, 232, 236, 242, 243–4, 248, 249–50, 252, 257 see also Uber Gissing, George: New Grub Street 64 GMB union 36 grammar schools 261 Guardian 5, 235 Hamstead Colliery, Great Barr 169 Hazel (home carer) 110–11, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119 Heller, Joseph: Catch-22 235–6 Hemel Hempstead 54, 70 Henley, William Ernest: ‘England, My England’ vii Hoggart, Richard: The Uses of Literacy 45 home care worker (domiciliary care worker): Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks 88–90, 109–10 employment contracts 87–8, 107–8, 116, 118, 120 length of home care visits 108–9, 110 local authority budget cuts and 107–10 MAR (Medication Administration Record) sheets 114, 115 migrant workers as 114–16 negligent 86–7 privatisation of social care and 106–8, 109 recruitment 82–4 ‘shadowing’ process 88, 109–10 societal view of 106 staffing crisis 85–6, 119 suicide rate among 100 typical day/workload 110–14, 118 unions and 88 view job as vocation 86–7 wages/pay 107–8, 117, 118–19, 159 Home Instead 119 homelessness 95–105, 138, 187, 208 hostels 95, 96, 101, 102 housing/accommodation: Amazon workers, Rugeley 20–2, 24–6 Blackpool 80, 124, 137–8 buy-to-let housing market 24 emergency housing 96 homelessness and 95, 96, 101, 102, 137–8 hostels 95, 96, 101, 102 inability to buy 62 landlords and 12, 21, 24, 39, 67, 69, 95–6, 137–8, 164, 204, 206, 258 London 203–8 migrant workers and 20–2, 24–6, 197–8 social housing 62, 206 Swansea 124, 150 housing benefit 96, 137–8, 248 immigration 26–7, 61, 115–16, 128–9, 144, 193, 197–9, 236, 259–61 see also migrant workers indeed.co.uk 83–4 independent contractors 209, 248, 251–2 Independent Workers Union of Great Britain (IWGB) 230, 257 inequality 18, 73, 123, 125, 207–8, 226, 238, 262, 263 inflation 2, 122 job centres 19, 96, 133–6, 139–40, 156, 158 Joe (housemate of JB) 22 John Lewis 23, 83 Joseph Rowntree Foundation 70, 159 June (call centre employee) 181–2, 183, 184 Kalanick, Travis 215, 228, 229, 233, 235 Kelly, Kath 66 Khan, Sadiq 256 Koestler, Arthur: The God that Failed 228 Labour Party 7, 57, 59, 61, 109, 144, 149, 150, 173, 174 Ladbroke Road, Notting Hill, London 219 Lamb, Norman 109 Lancashire Evening Post 104–5 landlords, private 12, 21, 24, 39, 67, 69, 95–6, 137–8, 164, 204, 206, 258 Lea Hall Colliery, Staffordshire 31–2, 54, 55, 56, 57 Lea Hall Miners’ Social Club, Staffordshire 55, 56, 74 Len (step-grandfather of JB) 143–4 Lili (London) 203–4 living wage 1, 85, 160, 246 Lloyd George, David 172 loan sharks 151, 156 local councils 104–5, 164 London 201–57 accommodation/housing in 65, 203–8, 218 gentrification in 219 ‘gig’ economy in 208–57, 263 homelessness in 95 migrant labour in 205–6, 213, 239 wealth divide in 207–8, 238 London Congestion Charge 254 London Courier Emergency Fund (LCEF) 247 London Metropolitan Police 90 London, Jack 205 low-skilled jobs, UK economy creation of 153 Lydia (Amazon employee) 70 Macmillan, Harold 3 manufacturing jobs, disappearance of 59, 139 Marine Colliery, Cwm, Wales 190 Mayhew, Henry 4, 205 McDonald’s 52, 68, 83 Merkel, Angela 196 Metcalf, David 182 middle-class 6, 39, 51, 67, 68, 69, 72–3, 74, 75, 149, 178, 205, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263 migrant labour: Amazon use of 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22–7, 30, 32, 33, 34, 44, 45, 46, 51, 53, 57, 61–2, 65, 71–5, 258, 260–1 care home workers 114–16 ‘gig’ economy and 203–6, 213, 239 restaurant workers 154 retail sector and 128–9 Miliband, Ed 109 mining see coal mining Miners’ Federation of Great Britain (MFGB) 173 Miners’ Strike (1984–5) 3, 174–7 minimum wage 1, 7, 55, 62, 84, 107, 108, 118, 135, 155, 159, 173, 189–90, 209, 212, 235, 236, 245, 250, 262 Morecambe, Lancashire 137–8 Morgan family 156–8 Morgan, Huw: How Green Was My Valley 147 Moyer-Lee, Jason 257 National Coal Board (NCB) 54, 170, 171 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 108 National Union of Miners (NUM) 174, 176 New York Times 222 NHS (National Health Service) 106, 108, 247 Nirmal (Amazon employee) 45–6, 51 Norbert (Amazon employee) 71–5 nostalgia 3, 60, 93–4, 216 Nottingham 2, 151–2 objectivism 228 oil crisis (1973) 122–3 Oliver, Jamie 154 Orwell, George 56, 169 Palmer, William 29 pay see wages and under individual job title and employer name payday loans 156 PayPal 216 Pimlico Plumbers 251–2 platform capitalism 215 PMP Recruitment 19, 189–90 Poland, migrant workers from 128–9, 130, 135, 197–8 ‘poor, the’ 145 Port Talbot, Wales 166, 176, 190, 196 ‘post-truth’ discourse 199 ‘post-work’ world 165 poverty: Blackpool and 132, 137 class and 4 darkness and 96 diet/weight and 137 ease of slipping into 5 Eastern Europe and 26 monthly salary and 156 as a moral failing 188–9 press treatment of 66–7 time and 67 working poor living in 194 Preston, Lancashire 100, 105, 138–9 private school system 123 progressive thought 262 Public Accounts Committee (PAC) 107 Putin, Vladimir 71 Rand, Ayn 228–9, 235, 236; The Fountainhead 228, 229 recession (2008) 1, 45, 104, 121, 125, 156 ‘regeneration’ 55, 60–1, 146 rent-to-own 157–8 retirement, working in 58–9 Reve, Gerard: The Evenings 160 Robin (Cwm) 196, 197 Rochelle (home care worker) 117–19 Romania, migrant workers from 11, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 22–7, 32, 44, 46, 51, 53, 61, 65, 71–5, 203, 206, 258 Ron (former miner) 170, 195 Royal London 59 Royal London pub, Wolverhampton 71 Royal Mail 151 Rugeley, Staffordshire 28–35 Amazon distribution centre in 11–76, 79, 86, 119, 127, 128, 159, 258 decline of coal mining industry in 31–2, 54–6, 57, 169 disappearance of manufacturing jobs from 54–63 high street 28–35 immigration and 30–4, 193–4 Tesco and 58–9, 62–3 Scargill, Arthur 175 scientific management theories 17 Scotland Yard 90 self-employment: ’gig’ economy and 214–15, 222, 229–30, 234, 243–4, 245, 246, 249, 250–1 increase in numbers of workers 2, 209 ‘independent contractors’ and 209, 248, 251–2 Selwyn (former miner) 175, 178, 179, 263–4 Senghenydd, Glamorgan pit explosion (1913) 169–70 Shelter 104 Shirebrook Colliery, Derbyshire 55 Shu, William 250 Silicon Valley, California 210, 232 Sillitoe, Alan: Saturday Night and Sunday Morning 2, 3, 94 Sky Sports News 126 social democracy 3, 263 social housing 62, 206 socialism 7, 56, 131, 144, 148, 149, 173 social mobility 58, 199, 261 South Wales Miners’ Museum, Afan Argoed 166, 196 South Wales Valleys 141–200 accommodation in 150, 197 Amazon in 145–6 beauty of 148 call centre jobs in 153–64, 180–6 coal industry and 143–4, 147–9, 165–79, 180, 188, 189, 190–1, 193, 195, 196 immigration and 197–9 JB’s family history and 143–4 legacy of de-industrialisation in 187–200 nostalgia and 147 radical history of 149–50 see also under individual place name ‘spice’ 95 Sports Direct 55 squatting 96, 99 steel industry 176, 180, 188, 189, 190, 196–7 Steven (housemate of JB) 124, 126, 127–31 Stoke-on-Trent 58–9 suicide 99–100 Sunday Times 175 ‘Best Companies to Work For’ 154 Rich List 125 Swansea, Wales 145–6, 150–2, 154–64, 176, 178, 197, 205 Tata Steel 190 tax 65, 69, 70, 118, 146, 158, 159, 163, 164, 212, 229, 244, 246, 248, 251, 255 Taylor, Frederick W.: The Principles of Scientific Management 17 Tesco 35, 57, 58–9, 62–3 Thatcher, Margaret 122, 123, 146, 174–5, 193, 207, 263–4 Thorn Automation 57 Thorn EMI 59 trade unions: Amazon and 36 B&M and 130, 131 call centres and 160, 181, 184–5, 186 care sector and 88 coal industry decline and 55–6, 173, 174, 263–4 decline of 2, 3, 35 ‘gig’ economy and 230, 257, 261 objectivism and 228 oil crisis (1973) and 122 Thatcher and 123, 174, 193, 263–4 Wales and 144, 149 see also under individual union name Trades Union Congress (TUC) 173 transgender people 40–1 Transline Group 19, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 65–6, 86 Transport for London (TFL) 211, 212–13, 214, 233, 254, 256 Tredegar Workmen’s Medical Aid Society 247 Trefil, Wales 149 Trump, Donald 7 Uber 207, 211–57 ‘account status’ 221 clocking in at 218 corporation tax and 229 customers 221, 222, 226–7, 237–41, 244, 257 driver costs/expenses 214, 217, 233, 241, 246, 253–5 driver employment classification/contract 214–15, 222, 229–35, 243, 245, 250–2, 257 driver hours 221, 226, 230, 232, 233, 236, 246, 253, 255 driver numbers 211–13, 233–5 driver wages/pay 212, 218, 221, 229–30, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 246, 252–5 employment tribunal against (2016) 229–34 flexibility of working for 213–14, 218, 230–3, 248, 250–1 James Farrar and see Farrar, James migrant labour and 213, 236 ‘Onboarding’ class 224–5, 238, 241, 256 opposition to 215–17 philosophy of 228–9, 235, 236 psychological inducements for drivers 222–3 rating system 225–7, 232, 238, 239, 243, 253 rejecting/accepting jobs 221–2, 224–5 ride process 219–21 surge pricing 237, 238, 253 TFL and 211, 212–13, 214, 233, 254, 256 Travis Kalanick and see Kalanick, Travis UberEATS 256 UberPOOL 225, 240–2, 253, 255–6 UberX 212, 225, 240, 241, 255 VAT and 229 vehicle requirements 214 unemployment 2, 32, 36, 62, 121–3, 132, 138, 148, 157, 172, 178, 179, 189–95, 199, 218 Unison 88, 108 Unite 55, 160 United Private Hire Drivers 230, 257 university education 3, 6, 61, 62, 123, 150–1, 152, 153–4 USDAW 130–1 Vettesse, Tony 138 Vicky (care sector supervisor) 86, 87 Wade, Alan 121, 123–4 wages: Amazon 18, 19, 37–9, 42–3, 65–6, 68, 69, 70, 159 call centre 155–6, 158–60, 164, 180 care sector 107–8, 117, 118–19, 159 living wage 1, 85, 160, 246 minimum wage 1, 7, 55, 62, 84, 107, 108, 118, 135, 155, 159, 173, 189–90, 209, 212, 235, 236, 245, 250, 262 Uber 212, 218, 221, 229–30, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 246, 252–5 wage stagnation 2 see also under individual employer, job and sector name Wealth and Assets Survey 207–8 wealth inequality 18, 73, 123, 125, 207–8, 238 Wells, H.

The Cult of Smart: How Our Broken Education System Perpetuates Social Injustice
by Fredrik Deboer
Published 3 Aug 2020

As the New York Times columnist Ross Douthat put it, elite universities are about connecting more than learning, that the social world matters far more than the classroom to undergraduates, and that rather than an escalator elevating the best and brightest from every walk of life, the meritocracy as we know it mostly works to perpetuate the existing upper class … in the modern meritocratic culture, … unacknowledged mechanisms preserve privilege, reward the inside game, and ensure that the advantages enjoyed in one generation can be passed safely onward to the next.10 So contemporary progressive college graduates rail against gentrification but increasingly live in neighborhoods the poor can’t afford; decry social conservatism but marry in high rates, divorce less frequently than the norm, and rear children in very traditional ways; and speak out about inequality while in their busy go-getting and relentless pursuit of greater achievement they leave the lower classes further and further behind.

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See zero-sum game gaps achievement and performance gaps gender gaps Obama on education gaps racial achievement gaps wage gaps Gates, Bill Gattaca (film) gender achievement gap gender essentialism gender wage gap genetic assortative mating genetics and achievement gaps and Flynn effect Genome-Wide Association Study and parenting and pseudoscientific racism Three Laws of Behavioral Genetics twin and adoption studies and Wilson effect See also behavioral genetics Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Gentleman’s C gentrification genuine socialism gifted student programs globalization and collegiate arms race and knowledge economy and neoliberalism Goldin, Claudia “good life,” the Gottfredson, Linda GPA, high school graduation rates college high school and loosening of standards and moral choice and selection bias and special-needs students of women Great Recession Great Society liberals Green, Thomas Hill Greene, Jay P.

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Hacker, Andrew The Math Myth Harden, Kathryn Paige Harlem Children’s Zone Harrington, Michael Harris, Judith Rich The Nurture Assumption Harvard University Hayes, Chris Twilight of the Elites Head Start health insurance Medicare for All single-payer health insurance helicopter parenting Heritage Foundation high schools elite high schools and employment GPA graduation rates high school under socialism Hunter College High School (New York) San Diego Metropolitan Career and Technical High School standardized tests as screening mechanism and winning in contemporary capitalist society housing gentrification socialized housing zoning humanities Hunter College High School (New York) Hurricane Katrina In Search of Human Nature: The Decline and Revival of Darwinism in American Social Thought (Degler) ignorance, veil of definition of and meritocracy and morality immigrants and immigration and alt-right “immigrant advantage” income inequality inconspicuous consumption influencers Instagram intelligence and IQ and behavioral genetics and Cult of Smart heritability of intelligence as polygenic trait myth of equal inherent ability and nature-nurture debate and neoliberal capitalism new socialist vision of and “race realism” SNPs and heritability of intelligence and Wilson effect See also talent international students iPads IQ.

Paris Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

Part of a publishing house founded in 1949 to represent African authors, the store stocks fiction and non-fiction that amplify Black voices from Francophone Africa, so maybe skip Victor Hugo for a moment and try something new. g Books and Stationery g Contents Google Map LES MOTS À LA BOUCHE Map 3; 37 Rue Saint-Ambroise, 11th; ///patting.spin.weds; www.motsbouche.com Though gentrification ousted the city’s only LGBTQ+ bookshop from its home in the Marais in 2020, it wasn’t long before it reopened just outside the district. Whatever you’re after – art, fiction, biography – you’ll find it here, and if you can’t, just ask the approachable staff. They love to chat about the unique stock and their favourite books.

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g Streets and Squares g Contents Google Map RUE DES MARTYRS Map 4; start S, off Rue Lamartine, 9th; ///bills.reward.gestures A hot contender for Paris’s loveliest street (heck, there’s even been a whole book written about it), this sloping lane has become more popular than Parisians would like in recent years. Despite growing gentrification, though, it manages to hold onto its old-school charm. Dedicated residents are to thank for that, who dart between the time-honoured stores along this road every morning, picking up flowers, daily baguettes and the odd roasted chicken from familiar faces. Leisurely ambling through offers a true snapshot of local life. » Don’t leave without walking to the top of the street to Montmartre’s famed je t’aime wall, where “I love you” is painted in over 300 languages.

Austin Like a Local
by DK

These days, it’s not the roar of jet engines you’ll hear but the sounds of families relaxing in Mueller’s modern parks and eco-conscious friends stocking up on veg at the farmers’ markets. {map 3} North Loop Locals here (namely students and artists) will tell you North Loop is where Austin really stays weird. By and large the area’s shops and homes have resisted the tide of gentrification. Expect anarchist bookstores, quirky bakeries, and eclectically decorated front yards. {map 4} Rainey Bars, bars, and more bars. Rainey’s all about the good times, with neighborhood watering holes packed with young guns drinking under the fairy lights and listening to live music. {map 1} Red River Cultural District Want to know why Austin’s called the “Live Music Capital of the World”?

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In 2014, artist Chris Rogers painted a dozen African American icons on this large wall in a tribute to East Austin’s rich heritage. Three years later, he awoke to hundreds of outraged texts and tweets telling him that his mural had been painted over by a new art gallery. With the neighborhood’s historically Black population dwindling as a result of rising rents, the destruction of the mural became a symbol of the area’s gentrification and whitewashing. (Despite the fact that Las Cruxes, the gallery responsible for the mural’s destruction, promotes Mexican American culture.) City leaders responded to local feeling by commissioning Rogers to re-create his work, and the rebooted We Rise depicts even more Black icons than the original.

Frommer's Irreverent Guide to San Francisco
by Matthew Richard Poole
Published 17 Mar 2006

Grab a bag of the addictively crisp and thick fried potatoes—perhaps with chipotle rémoulade or balsamic mayo—and wash it down with Belgian ale. 56 DINING The “Valencia corridor”... Depending on who you talk to, the recent infusion of upscale restaurants on Valencia Street is either the best thing that has happened to the food scene in years or one more nail in the gentrification coffin that is burying San Francisco’s funky neighborhood culture alive. Either way, the area’s newest sleek, chic eateries are a wet dream for interior designers and food critics alike. Take BART or a cab to 16th Street and walk up Valencia to 24th, pop into alleys and side streets, and stop wherever the notion strikes you.

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It’s tough to go wrong in this eight-block stretch, from an authentic Spanish-Basque tapas feast at Ramblas Tapas Bar to an antidotal bite of Japanese fast-food at We Be Sushi. Ramblas is just one stop on the neighborhood’s fantastic tapas tour (see “Tantalizing tapas,” below), but it was voted best in the Bay Area by the Bay Guardian. For the record, the building that houses Ramblas is a perfect example of the gentrification of the Mission District—it was formerly an appliance repair shop. Firecracker is still a hot spot for northern Chinese cuisine (see “Some like it hot,” later in the chapter). Tantalizing tapas... Cities everywhere have gone a bit mad for those little Spanish tidbits that are more than an appetizer but less than a main dish.

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Another enormous party warehouse is 1015 Folsom—three levels, a full-color laser system, and a gigantic dance floor make for an extensive variety of dancing venues, complete with a 20- and 30-something gyrating mass who live for the DJs’ pounding house, disco, and acid-jazz music. Each night is a different club that attracts its own crowd, ranging from yuppie to hip-hop. Or cab out to 30th and Mission streets—beyond the reach of the gentrification district—and squeeze onto the dance floor at Club Malibu, where the largely Hispanic crowd grooves to terrific live salsa bands and DJs spinning Latin rhythms. Cool cocktail lounges... The lounge scene in the Mission District has made it one of the hippest neighborhoods in America, according to the Utne Reader.

Empty Planet: The Shock of Global Population Decline
by Darrell Bricker and John Ibbitson
Published 5 Feb 2019

Croix, “Brazil Strives for Economic Equality,” Rio Times, 7 February 2012. http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/brazil-strives-for-economic-equality 230 Bill Worley, “Brazil Saw More Violent Deaths Than in Civil-War-Torn Syria, Report Says,” Independent, 29 October 2016. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/brazil-deaths-violent-crime-syria-police-brutality-report-brazilian-forum-for-public-security-a7386296.html 231 Eduardo Marques interview with Darrell Bricker. 232 Teresa Caldeira, City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in São Paulo (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001). 233 “Brazil Slum Dwellers Shun Home Ownership, Fearing Gentrification,” Reuters, 3 February 2017. http://www.voanews.com/a/rio-slum-favela-home-ownership-gentrification/3705588.html 234 Interview with Darrell Bricker, conducted on a confidential basis. See also: Dom Phillips, “How Directions on the Waze App Led to Death in Brazil’s Favelas,” Washington Post, 5 October 2015. 235 Ipsos is one of the private sector funders of the drop-in center. 236 Leticia J.

…

It confirms a person’s citizenship, gets them an ID, and makes it possible to participate in the formal economy and receive the limited government services that exist in Brazil.232 The Brazilian government, following the recommendations of the Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto, has in some cases granted property rights to favela dwellers, who make up about 20 percent of the urban population. However, critics contend that this simply leads to gentrification as developers purchase and redevelop the properties, pushing the poor to the extreme edges of the city, making it harder for them to get to work or access services.233 One thing Brazilians will tell you about favelas without hesitation is that they are dangerous places. As one local noted, “You need to watch your GPS when you’re driving in São Paulo because sometimes it will pick a route that goes through a favela.

Infinite Detail
by Tim Maughan
Published 1 Apr 2019

Look around, this is clearly a happy, vibrant, and safe place, that’s incredibly well integrated with the local community.” In many ways however, it might actually be community integration that poses the biggest threat to the PRSC. Stokes Croft has always been a controversial street anyway—a vein of bohemian gentrification that runs through St Paul’s, an area that has traditionally been dominated by South Asian and West Indian families. It’s been a conflict for years, but the PRSC seems to be making the situation worse. From talking to just a handful of people at random, it was clear there were strong tensions in the neighbourhood.

…

In some ways it’s great—I separate out my creative work here in the studio, where I’ve got no internet, from my admin and shipping work, which I do when I go home on my wired connection. But it means I can be slow to deal with customers’ inquiries, which has led to some problems.” I put all this to Manaan—is there not a danger that the Croft is actually just becoming another form of gentrification, foisting itself upon unwilling surrounding communities? “I don’t think so,” he says. “We try and work very hard with local communities, and we’re always checking and monitoring exactly where the perimeter is, and finding ways to make it tighter and more accurate. This is an experiment, we freely admit that—it’s not perfect.

…

At least for a while, before the tides turned again and it became the wall of a prison, a tomb. It hadn’t been called the 5102 when they built it, it was Avon House—the main offices for now-long-defunct regional authorities. It had sat derelict for years before being reborn as city-center apartments, part of that first wave of turn-of-the-century artisan gentrification that swept along Stokes Croft like floodwater, staining the buildings with graffiti and coffee bars as it receded. And then, later, as Stokes Croft had grown beyond just being a street and had become a place, for Anika the 5102 had become not just a symbol, but home. She honestly hadn’t been sure, as she’d emerged from the shadows of the Bearpit, that it would even still be there.

Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design
by Charles Montgomery
Published 12 Nov 2013

This may be good news for property owners and city coffers, but it is a disaster for renters. For example, a new light-rail line through Seattle’s Rainier Valley has attracted lots of new investment—but it has also begun to squeeze out people of color. New York City’s celebrated High Line Park has caused lightning-fast gentrification: the cost of residential property within a five-minute walk of the park more than doubled during the eight years straddling the park’s opening in 2009. No wonder these measures are viewed with suspicion. In a reversal of the last century’s prevailing trend, wealthy people are increasingly colonizing inner cities while poor people and new immigrants are pushed to the suburban fringes.

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Some of the less wealthy who still manage to occupy a place in the connected city understand the relationship between amenities and affordability. In Berlin, activists succesfully prevented the BMW Guggenheim Lab from staging three months of free events in the gritty district of Kreuzberg, knowing it would speed up gentrification in the area. In my own neighborhood in East Vancouver, the renovation of a public park in 2010 prompted organized protests by people who were worried that the spruced-up green space would cause nearby rents to rise. The fear is justified: the forces of supply and demand have helped make housing in some of the world’s most livable cities—such as Vancouver and Melbourne—the least affordable.* So any sincere effort to build the fair city must also confront the unfairnesses wrought by markets and geography.

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The Woodward’s block’s street edges may be disappointingly bare, but inside that block is a grand public atrium through which the entire spectrum of neighbors pass and occasionally mingle, while students take shots at the basketball hoop at its heart. Woodward’s has proved so convivial that it has accelerated gentrification in the area, but it has done so while locking two hundred affordable homes in place. It’s not enough to nudge the market toward equity. Governments must step in with subsidized social housing, rent controls, initiatives for housing cooperatives, or other policy measures. I don’t want to stray beyond the scope of this book—which is about design rather than social policy—but I must acknowledge that such mixing rarely happens if governments don’t step in to smooth the way.

Framing Class: Media Representations of Wealth and Poverty in America
by Diana Elizabeth Kendall
Published 27 Jul 2005

Examples include workers being laid off at a local factory and activists or politicians speaking out on behalf of residents of a working-class neighborhood who feel threatened by economic develop- 9781442202238.print.indb 122 2/10/11 10:46 AM Tarnished Metal Frames 123 ment, such as the construction of a Walmart supercenter (a type of retail outlet known in media and commercial parlance as “big box”). As with other forms of episodic framing, many of these media representations do not look at the larger structural issues that produce such problems, focusing primarily on the outrage of the unemployed or people displaced by gentrification. By contrast, business articles in major newspapers often refer to the working class as “organized labor,” whereas reporters on the political beat describe its members as “blue-collar workers” who live in “working-class neighborhoods.” Similarly, television shows that focus on working-class home life emphasize workers’ humble origins, lack of taste, proletarian lifestyle, and disgust with their jobs.

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The framing of stories about the use of public space and how it affects the middle class often incorporates issues of race and class. In one incident, police harassed a group of African American friends as they stood on a corner, drinking beer. Another group—white customers at a restaurant with an outdoor patio—were drinking wine, but they were not bothered. According to one analyst, middle- and upper-middle-class gentrification “can redefine some activities. . . . The actual activity is not necessarily changing—people outside drinking alcohol—but the context is different and one is proscribed and one is not.”127 It may initially appear a wide jump to shift to media framing of articles about homeless shelters, but victimization of the middle class is a recurring theme in this type of story as well.

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Low, Behind the Gates, 11. 123. Jonathan Yardley, “Book Review: Behind the Gates,” Washington Post, May 8, 2003, CO2. 124. Low, Behind the Gates, 10–11. 125. Bradford McKee, “Fortress Home: Welcome Mat Bites,” New York Times, January 22, 2004, F1. 126. McKee, “Fortress Home.” 127. Sewell Chan, “Is Gentrification Transforming the City’s Public Spaces?” New York Times, August 14, 2007, http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/is-gen trification-transforming-the-citys-public-spaces/?scp=1&sq=is%20gentrification%20 transforming%20the%20city’s%20public%20spaces&st=cse (accessed August 8, 2010). 128. Leslie Eaton, “From Middle Class to the Shelter Door: In a Trend, New Yorkers Face Poverty after Last Unemployment Check,” New York Times, November 17, 2002, A37. 129.

Straphanger
by Taras Grescoe
Published 8 Sep 2011

Twenty-five percent of Angelenos don’t even own cars. And the city’s future is going to be even more Hispanic and Asian American—both groups with fewer hang-ups about transit, and more prone to settle near rail stations, than white Angelenos. At the same time, the districts undergoing the most rapid gentrification, like Koreatown, Westlake, and Echo Park, are both multiethnic and transit proximate. The best way forward might involve looking backward, and from this perspective transit-oriented development is a return to the kind of place Los Angeles originally hoped to become. The city still retains traces of this ideal.

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Even Denmark’s crown prince Frederik is regularly photographed ferrying his youngest son around in a Nihola bike. “You can easily carry three children in a cargo bike, and a week’s worth of groceries,” said Lindholm, as we pulled to the curb in the back-streets of Vesterbro, a working-class district undergoing rapid gentrification. Outside a six-story apartment building, a pink fiberglass shelter in the shape of an automobile took up a parking spot that would normally have been occupied by a car. A pilot project of the municipal bike program, the shelter, which looked something like a Studebaker spun out of cotton candy, was divided into flaps that could be lowered and locked to provide secure overnight parking for four cargo bikes.

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And my favorite, spelled out in outsized fridge-magnet-like letters on a whitewashed wall: “If you were here / I’d be home now.” One day, I rented a bike and pedaled around Old City, Northern Liberties, and Fishtown, the evocatively named river wards that march north up the Delaware from Center City.* These old working-class neighborhoods have undergone a gentle gentrification in recent years. Philadelphia has long been plagued by “black eyes,” the estimated 40,000 vacant properties, most of them boarded-up row houses, that dot the city; but as architecture critic Inga Saffron has written, you can now walk for an hour in any direction from City Hall without encountering any significant blight.

Surveillance Valley: The Rise of the Military-Digital Complex
by Yasha Levine
Published 6 Feb 2018

He left with a bang, yelling: “The only good DAC is a dead DAC!” Wild applause erupted. Oakland is one of the most diverse cities in the country. It’s also home to a violent, often unaccountable police department, which has been operating under federal oversight for over a decade. The police abuse has been playing out against a backdrop of increasing gentrification fueled by the area’s Internet boom and the spike in real estate prices that goes along with it. In San Francisco, neighborhoods like the Mission District, historically home to a vibrant Latino community, have turned into condos and lofts and upscale gastro pubs. Teachers, artists, older adults, and anyone else not making a six-figure salary are having a tough time making ends meet.

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Teachers, artists, older adults, and anyone else not making a six-figure salary are having a tough time making ends meet. Oakland, which for a time was spared this fate, was now feeling the crush as well. But locals were not going down without a fight. And a lot of their anger was focused on Silicon Valley. The people gathered at city hall that night saw Oakland’s DAC as an extension of the tech-fueled gentrification that was pushing poorer longtime residents out of the city. “We’re not stupid. We know that the purpose is to monitor Muslims, black and brown communities and protesters,” said a young woman in a headscarf. “This center comes at a time when you’re trying to develop Oakland into a playground and bedroom community for San Francisco professionals.

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Thanks to a tip from a local activist, I had gotten wind that Oakland had been in talks with Google about demoing products in what appeared to be an attempt by the company to get a part of the DAC contract. Google possibly helping Oakland spy on its residents? If true, it would be particularly damning. Many Oaklanders saw Silicon Valley companies such as Google as being the prime drivers of the skyrocketing housing prices, gentrification, and aggressive policing that was making life miserable for poor and low-income residents. Indeed, just a few weeks earlier protesters had picketed outside the local home of a wealthy Google manager who was personally involved in a nearby luxury real estate development. Google’s name never came up during the tumultuous city council meeting that night, but I did manage to get my hands on a brief email exchange between a Google “strategic partnership manager” and an Oakland official spearheading the DAC project that hinted at something in the works.3 In the weeks after the city council meeting, I attempted to clarify this relationship.

Who Are We—And Should It Matter in the 21st Century?
by Gary Younge
Published 27 Jun 2011

But while the Right seems like the natural home for those who guard the notion of the never-changing identity, it can just as easily find its home among the liberal Left—the peddlers of purity and authenticity who will point to the matriot’s nurturing impulses or the rhythms of Africa that run through the black diaspora’s soul. Nor is it just the Right that is wont to frame change as undesirable per se. The Left will often approach issues such as gentrification with similarly problematic arguments. A familiar charge, particularly in poor black areas, is that wealthy white people are moving in and changing the character of the neighborhood. While this is often true, it is not, in itself, a particularly strong argument against gentrification. There is no principle one could advance as to why an area should remain black and poor. Indeed, many of the areas that are black and poor today were rich and white yesterday and may well be black and poor again.

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Taken at face value, complaints about white people moving into an area and changing its character are not essentially different in their logic from complaints about African-Americans moving into and changing an area’s character—even if the motivations for and consequences of those fears are quite different. That does not mean that gentrification is a good thing or an unimportant trend. But the issue is not whether an area looks different demographically and is changing economically but the extent to which the people who live in that area feel ownership over the changes that are taking place as opposed to being marginalized in their own communities or, worse still, forced out of them.

Bricks & Mortals: Ten Great Buildings and the People They Made
by Tom Wilkinson
Published 21 Jul 2014

Most impressively, it promised ‘the participation of organised society . . . in all stages’, undertook to rehouse displaced citizens near their original homes, and pledged to institute zoning regulations that would maintain affordable housing and thus prevent displacement caused by gentrification. But as Osborn concludes: Despite the incredible promise of Morar Carioca in theory . . . in practice, the programme’s name has been used so far by local authorities only to undertake authoritarian and unilateral, often arbitrary, interventions in Rio’s favelas. In the historic trajectory of ‘to remove or to upgrade’, the current city government has arrived at a third contradictory path with Morar Carioca: a proclamation of upgrading but a practice that emphasises home removals, both through overt demolition and enabling of gentrification.6 Seen from a larger economic perspective, however, this policy is far from contradictory.

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It’s just a new way of capital stealing value created by people: slums are built by the poor without state oversight, during which time gangsterism and lawlessness are allowed to prevail, then once development has reached a certain pitch these settlements are ‘pacified’ or invaded by the state in preparation for a different kind of gangsterism, the real estate market. These days government attitudes to slums tend away from aided self-help and towards gentrification – slum clearance by stealth. Those who profit from Rocinha’s urbanisation will not be its current inhabitants, most of whom rent and will therefore not benefit from schemes recognising the legal rights of slum property owners, but their landlords, who live in Ipanema and Leblon. Aided self-help is no longer necessary: the poor have in most cities completely developed the peripheries, and it only remains for capitalists to confiscate the value they have created.

Content Provider: Selected Short Prose Pieces, 2011–2016
by Stewart Lee
Published 1 Aug 2016

The political class live in a west London playground no longer sullied by the unsightly poor, who have been ousted by housing-benefit cuts and rent hikes. But where have they gone? And can the Right’s sudden and conspicuous consumption of Byron burgers be mere coincidence? Check Byron’s progress on Google Maps and you’ll see the shaped-meat retailer’s eastern push follows the line of London’s gentrification, and the enforced economic exodus of its underclass, in a microcosmic reflection of national trends towards the disappearance of the dispossessed. The crushed-beef chain’s surge into once neglected areas like Hoxton and Tower Hamlets, while welcomed by venal estate agents looking for evidence that their patch is up and coming, is bad news for indigenous people.

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Chelsea types, in their pink trousers and yellow jumpers, are coming, displacing ordinary people, even as they themselves are ousted from the verdant pasture of their own west London homelands by the property power of Russian mafia and wealthy Arab Spring escapees. New Byron branches in Manchester and Liverpool reflect similar spurts of gentrification. The rich are eating at Byron in places where the poor once ate at Chicken Cottage, a name I will appropriate for my rural retreat when I too am finally displaced from the capital. The food-press spin on the Old Etonian Tom Byng’s company is that it represents a kind of credible indie alternative to the corporate McDonald’s and Burger King chains.

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In my first few years in London, doing temp jobs in the day and open spots at comedy clubs late in the evenings, I made all sorts of odd small-hours friends that I never see now: a “techno-pagan” of Indian parentage; a man I never saw sober who could recite whole Herbert Huncke poems; a woman on acid who everyone thought must be crashing in the shared house’s sitting room at someone else’s invitation, but who it turned out no one really knew; and PJ, who ate light bulbs, and who may or may not have been Terry Scott’s cousin and Ben Dover’s stunt double. I miss those days. From 1989 to 1991 I lived in Finsbury Park, decades before it began to show signs of gentrification. I’d get home late from unpaid stand-up try-out spots, and it was hard to hold down a day job. At the end of my street, outside a hardware shop on Tollington Park, was a contraption so unusual that each night, in a state of adrenaline-driven imbalance, I would find myself staring at it in the small hours in bleak fascination.

No Shortcuts: Organizing for Power in the New Gilded Age
by Jane F. McAlevey
Published 14 Apr 2016

In fact, Marilyn Stewart, its president, officially refused to even comment.25 Change Begins, From the Outside In Two longtime community organizations in Chicago weren’t waiting for the teachers’ union to sort out their internal affairs or opinions at the end of a decade of massive disruptions in the lives of Chicago’s students, parents, and teachers. The first to take action was the Chicago Coalition of the Homeless (CCH), which attempted to thwart the charter plan, or at least stall it, by filing suit in Circuit Court in September of 2004, generating headlines as they linked the effort to privatize schools to broader gentrification and the demolition of Chicago’s public housing. Two months later, ACORN (under the leadership of Madeline Talbot, a longtime, successful community organizer in Chicago); Parents United for Responsible Education (PURE); and the Kenwood-Oakwood Community Organization (KOCO), a direct-action organization founded in 1965 by religious and community activists, started a fight-back, bringing hundreds of parents and students to a CPS board meeting to protest the plan to close all but two of their twenty-two neighborhood schools.

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By late 2007, these teachers had formed a citywide study group on the closings, inviting other teachers to join through informal activist networks.28 The Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators (CORE) Forms Evolving out of the study group, whose first collective read in 2008 was Naomi Klein’s The Shock Doctrine,29 two more important groups were developed: the Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators (CORE), inside of the Chicago Teachers Union, and soon after that the Grassroots Education Movement (GEM), a CORE-inspired coalition created with community-based organizations to fight school closings, gentrification, and racism.30 The Shock Doctrine had just been published, and Klein was shaping an analysis about mass school closures, capitalism, and racism. According to Kristine Mayle, a middle and elementary school special education teacher and currently the CTU’s elected financial secretary, “We were going to neighborhood groups and saying, Look, we are talking about little human beings, about kids; we are teachers and you are our natural allies; we can’t do this alone.”31 With each school closing, the ranks of teachers frustrated and angered were growing.

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He was a student activist all through college, working with Students Against Sweatshops and on anti–Iraq War efforts, campaigning against the UI mascot (an Indian chief), and working for increased minority student recruitment. When he returned to the Chicago area to finish his university years, he got involved in anti-gentrification campaigns around campus, working with the Pilsen Alliance, the neighborhood group that later allied with the teachers against school closings. Potter became a history teacher and, like Sharkey, a union delegate turned serious union activist when his school (Englewood High) was threatened with a closure.

The Warhol Economy
by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett
Published 15 Jan 2020

New Yorkers cynically expected high-rise condos or maybe a Starbucks to set up shop in CBGB’s old space. So the announcement that John Varvatos, the New York–based fashion designer, would open a boutique in spring 2008 instead, filled with his $350 trousers and $1000 bags, brought ambivalence rather than clear-cut aversion toward economic gentrification. Varvatos may be the perfect new tenant for the old CBGB space. Sure, it’s a high-end luxury boutique that none of the punks who rocked out at CBGB could ever have afforded. But Varvatos loves music; he incorporates it into his advertising and his workspace, and many of his designs seem to be modern interpretations of punk and rock subcultures.

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There is just more opportunity.” Artistic communities often lack the cutthroat competitive spirit that many other industries display, and perhaps this has to do with the very diverse nature of creative goods (how can two artists really compete with one another when their product is aesthetically so different?). From the pre-gentrification days of SoHo to Studio 54, the artistic community has often been one of collective resources and solidarity. Despite the increasing commodification of cultural production (that big corporations as opposed to small stores and galleries are running a lot of the creative marketplace) and the increasing limits on space and resources, the artistic community thrives in New York, and thus continues to attract cultural producers.

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While which creative product becomes successful may be somewhat arbitrary, and the path in which a creative person accesses those gatekeepers or watershed projects that make their career may be unsystematic and random, the geography in which this social production system occurs is not random at all. Or as Lazaro Hernandez remarked, “If you want to be in fashion, you must be in New York.” So in many ways, the creative producers that flock to New York, despite high rent costs and increasing gentrification of their older artistic neighborhoods, come here to plug in to this spatially bound creative chaos. They come to plug into this seemingly chaotic network of suppliers, gatekeepers, scenes, and other creative producers to increase their chances of breaking into their industry. They are well aware that they will not run into gatekeepers on a small street in Kansas City, or even San Francisco, Chicago, or Washington, DC.

The Riders Come Out at Night: Brutality, Corruption, and Cover-Up in Oakland
by Ali Winston and Darwin Bondgraham
Published 10 Jan 2023

Vazquez’s pockmarked face and pronounced scarring on the left side of his profile made him easily recognizable. Stocky, muscular, built as solid as a football running back, he was well known in the community as a crooked officer with a penchant for random violence. Vazquez had spent the 1990s patrolling East Oakland, a vast expanse of neighborhoods far from the nascent gentrification of downtown and West Oakland. His abusive behavior came to the attention of one sergeant, Ricardo Orozco, who kicked Vazquez out of his squad because, too, many of his prisoners showed signs of having been slapped, kicked, punched, and choked. Vazquez also failed to show respect for commanding officers.

…

The predominantly African American area, made up of single-family homes and two-story apartment buildings, had come to be dominated by the expanding footprint of Children’s Hospital. White families, UC Berkeley graduate students, punks, and hipsters had also moved into the area in a process of gentrification fueled by speculative landlords and realtors intent on making a killing by flipping houses and charging exorbitant rents. It was 2007, the height of the real estate bubble. Gary King Jr., a twenty-year-old Berkeley native whose family had moved to the neighborhood in 2002, walked out of East Bay Liquors at the corner of MLK and Fifty-Fourth Street, holding a soda and bag of chips.

…

Decentralized and guided by an anarchistic approach to politics that encouraged a multiplicity of demands, tolerance for diverse ideologies, and a thirst for direct action, Occupy spread to smaller cities and towns that were not hubs of the financial system. By fall 2011, Oakland was well into a cycle of raucous, occasionally violent “Anticut” street demonstrations organized by the anarchist collective Bay of Rage. The actions, which focused on Oakland’s gentrification, library budget cuts, and a hunger strike in the Pelican Bay supermax prison over solitary confinement, piggybacked on the 2009 anti-austerity student movement and the Oscar Grant movement. This mixture of movements against economic injustice and police brutality coalesced in front of Oakland City Hall on an overcast October afternoon.

The Sum of Small Things: A Theory of the Aspirational Class
by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett
Published 14 May 2017

—Steven Shapin, “Paradise Sold,” New Yorker, May 15, 2006 Beyond the renovated industrial lofts of downtown Los Angeles, through the rapidly gentrifying Echo Park and the already hipsterized Silver Lake is Glassell Park. While much of East LA is going the way of Silver Lake and Los Feliz, Glassell Park is rarely mentioned in the gentrification discussion. This is partially due to the lingering gang activity, and persistent reputation for crime (whether accurate or not). The area also lacks parks, cafés, bookstores, and the other sort of amenities that the young, urban creative types seek out. Physically, it lacks the interesting architecture of downtown, the natural beauty of the West Side’s oceanfront, and the hills and bohemian art scene of the East Side.

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This rise in urban consumption is the result of an influx of elites—particularly wealthy members of the aspirational class—moving back into cities and cities, which in turn, cater to their needs and desires. To be clear, urban centers are not just nodes for the upper-income members of the aspirational class; cities are intensely desirable to all the world’s economic elite. Record-breaking apartment sales and rapid gentrification of once gritty neighborhoods are reported in newspaper headlines from New York to London to Berlin. The pushing out of dive bars and affordable housing for the influx of new condos and luxury retail is a standard trope in the twenty-first-century metropolis. In the building of this elite utopia, Western capitalist cities have become cultural and economic universes unto themselves.

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Yardley, J. (2013, May 22). Report on deadly factory collapse in Bangladesh finds widespread blame. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/23/world/asia/report-on-bangladesh-building-collapse-finds-widespread-blame.html. Yoon, H., & Currid-Halkett, E. (2014). Industrial gentrification in West Chelsea, New York: Who survived and who did not? Empirical evidence from discrete-time survival analysis. Urban Studies 52(1), 20–49. doi:10.1177/0042098014536785. Young, M. (2014, March 9). SOMA: The stubborn uncoolness of San Francisco style. New York Magazine. Retrieved from http://nymag.com/news/features/san-francisco-style-2014-3/.

Artificial Whiteness
by Yarden Katz

The lack of affordable housing around Boston is due in no small part to the influx of biotech firms and other corporations who are drawn to, courted by, and sometimes lease land from universities like MIT. At the campus protest, it was pointed out that MIT’s lowest-paid workers are hit hardest by these programs of gentrification and displacement. They’re pushed to live farther away from campus while being denied benefits available to employees higher up on the university’s hierarchy. FIGURE 2.2  Protest on MIT campus against the university’s Schwarzman College of Computing, February 28, 2019. Universities’ contributions to displacement and gentrification are neither coincidental nor new. They continue a long history of North American universities—particularly the major ones who now facilitate AI’s rebranding—acting as “land-grabbing, land-transmogrifying, land-capitalizing machines.”51 From the University of California to MIT, the very formation of many American universities was enabled by land grants based on expropriated indigenous land.

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Since then, universities have become full-fledged real estate agents that continue to accrue lands and displace those who stand in the way. According to a group advocating for affordable housing in Massachusetts, local universities such as MIT “operate as for-profit real-estate developers that are looking to maximize profits … their profits lead to gentrification and displacement of long-term residents, especially people of color.”52 The universities’ pursuit of land, like Blackstone’s, is global. Thus Harvard, MIT’s partner in charting the “ethics and governance of AI” and the world’s richest university, owns not only hotels in the Boston area (where workers, predominantly migrant women, face abusive conditions) and vineyards in California and Washington state (where Harvard’s practices jeopardize access to water) but also timber plantations in New Zealand (Harvard’s so-called Timber Empire) and farmlands in South Africa, South America, Russia, and Ukraine.53 By one estimate, Harvard has spent about one billion dollars on farmlands.

Migrant City: A New History of London
by Panikos Panayi
Published 4 Feb 2020

Popular Music Heritage and British Bhangra Music’, International Journal of Heritage Studies, vol. 20 (2014), pp. 343–55. CHAPTER 12 1. Greater London Authority, The World in a City: An Analysis of the 2001 Census Results (London, 2005), pp. 19, 70–1. 2. Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, Gentrification of London: A Progress Report, 2001–13 (London, 2016), makes no mention of race or ethnicity, a gap which exists in all literature on London gentrification. 3. Kirsty Carpenter, Refugees of the French Revolution: Émigrés in London, 1789–1802 (Basingstoke, 1999). 4. Alice Bloch, The Migration and Settlement of Refugees in Britain (Basingstoke, 2002). 5. Donall MacAmlaigh, An Irish Navvy: The Diary of an Exile (originally London, 1964; Cork, 2018, reprint). 6.

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Although Bangladeshis had become the most significant ethnic group here by 2011, making up 32 per cent of the population, followed by white British (31 per cent), all minority ethnic groups made up 55 per cent of the population of the area including Indians, Pakistanis, Chinese, black ethnic groups, those of mixed race and Irish.170 Although by this time gentrification had begun to occur, meaning the arrival of new populations, both white and other ethnic groups.171 By the beginning of the twenty-first century Tower Hamlets had become the London borough that comprised the third-largest percentage of ethnic minorities amongst its population, with 57.1 per cent – behind Brent (70.8) and Newham (66.2).

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They proceeded to transform, literally, the face of the capital, whose peak population size of 1939 did not return until the second decade of the twenty-first century, by which time more white flight had taken place while the areas of origin of international settlers had diversified even further. Gentrification of the inner city has not significantly changed the ethnic make-up of the capital since the end of the twentieth century, because no clear evidence has emerged to demonstrate the ethnicity and nationality of those moving into areas originally inhabited by the white working classes and then reconfigured by the post-war settlers.2 To return to the concept of success brings success, this manifests itself in two ways in terms of the demographic history of London.

The Participation Revolution: How to Ride the Waves of Change in a Terrifyingly Turbulent World
by Neil Gibb
Published 15 Feb 2018

But in 1992, for no obvious reason that sociologists could put their finger on, it peaked, and over the next couple of years it started to turn down. A number of hypotheses were subsequently put forward: improving economic conditions, the gentrification of inner-city neighbourhoods, lower alcohol consumption, the removal of lead from petrol. But none of them quite stacked up. When the Global Financial Crisis happened, for example, the crime rate didn’t go up. And in areas where there was little or no gentrification the rates still went down. In 2012 a team lead by Professor Jonathan Klick from The University of Pennsylvania put forward another hypothesis. What Klick’s team had noticed was that the downturn in the crime rate correlated very closely with the uptake of mobile phone usage.

This Could Be Our Future: A Manifesto for a More Generous World
by Yancey Strickler
Published 29 Oct 2019

It’s not long before the new world starts looking a lot like the old one. If financial maximization was merely making the radio boring and turning every movie into a sequel now in IMAX and 3-D, it would be almost funny. But these forces are changing more than just music and movies. They’re even changing our neighborhoods. GENTRIFICATION At the corner of Second Avenue and First Street in the Lower East Side of New York City stands a TD Bank. An advertisement hangs in the window: “My perfect Saturday would be banking on Sunday.” Inside are rows of cubicles where bankers can meet customers. But not many people come into this location.

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The values that made New York City, and the Lower East Side, what it was and sometimes still is—the autonomy and freedom it provided, the creativity it allowed, the communities people built—were pushed aside in favor of financial value. We walk by the chains and think nothing of them. They’re just part of the landscape. But they’re more than that. They’re evidence of how our values have changed. THE MALL Gentrification in cities gets headlines, but what happened and is still happening to small towns and rural communities like the one I’m from is arguably even more devastating. I’m talking, of course, about shopping centers and shopping malls. The rise of the mall, we’re told, was a perfect confluence of events.

The Passenger: Berlin
by The Passenger
Published 8 Jun 2021

Later that same year word shot through Berlin that a case of meningococcal meningitis had been detected at the club. A press release advised all guests to be examined and seek preventive care, as meningitis is transmissible through the mouth and throat by bodily fluids. Such news doesn’t sit well with the city’s ongoing gentrification, its mass tourism and the Senate’s new codes. Famous clubs such as Bar 25 or Farbfernseher finally had to close, and quite a few others are under threat, notwithstanding that clubs in Berlin bring in some €200 million (c. $245 million) each year. According to one major Berlin newspaper, even the KitKat’s new investor wants to change its use.

…

There are the ‘saddest people in all of Berlin’, who stand around at night in front of the Imbiss International, and there are ‘hostel hordes drooling through the streets’. She sings of the city as she remembers it, where rents were once so low that anyone could live as an artist, when ‘going out and standing around’ could be seen as a vocation. But she sings also of the transformation brought by the digital bohemia, of the precariousness of art, of gentrification, displacement and change in a city that since the war has always lived on money not generated locally. She sings of Berlin. The Playlist ERCOLE GENTILE Translated by Alan Thawley You can listen to this playlist at: open.spotify.com/user/iperborea A playlist to encapsulate contemporary Berlin.

Morning After the Revolution: Dispatches From the Wrong Side of History
by Nellie Bowles
Published 13 May 2024

The chant—“No good cops in a racist system”—worked for both of them. BLM’s corporate consultants needed a military arm, so they could work together for a little while. There was a list of demands for the return of the neighborhood to the City of Seattle. They included abolition of imprisonment, along with de-gentrification and more equitable history lessons for elementary school children. CHAZ leaders wanted autonomy, and they got it. They were free. The police were told not to enter these blocks. Signs hung at the border: No good cops no bad protestors and No cops no problem. They would create a localized anti-crime system.

…

Anything less than abolition is white supremacy. Rethink safety: property is just property. Rethink crime-fighting: Communities can care for each other. Crime largely exists because of poverty. Fix poverty, and there’s no crime. The replacement for police would be a whole system of social change. Without gentrification, maybe crime wouldn’t happen. It would probably require the end of capitalism, though it could start with police funding going to therapy efforts, violence interrupters, and therapists, and self-defense training. For now, individuals should simply stop calling the police. * * * ▪ Muhammad Abdul-Ahad is a “violence interrupter” in Minneapolis.

Lonely Planet London City Guide
by Tom Masters , Steve Fallon and Vesna Maric
Published 31 Jan 2010

* * * top picks SOUTH LONDON Battersea Park Battersea Power Station Brixton Market Imperial War Museum (left) Lambeth Palace (opposite) * * * Clapham has long been the flag-bearer for South London style, with upmarket restaurants and bars lining its High Street since the 1980s. Attention has started to focus more recently on Battersea, with its magnificent park and the announced conversion of the monolithic Battersea Power Station. Kennington has some lovely streets lined with Georgian terraced houses, so it can only be a matter of time before the gentrification of ‘Little Portugal’ – its southern extension of Stockwell – begins. Lambeth can boast both the episcopal seat of the Church of England and one of London’s finest museums. Return to beginning of chapter LAMBETH The name Lambeth translates as ‘muddy landing place’, attesting to the fact that this, like nearby Waterloo, was largely marsh land and polder dams until the 18th century.

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A generation later the honeymoon period was over, as economic decline and hostility between the police and particularly the black community (who accounted for only 29% of the population of Brixton at the time) led to the riots in 1981, 1985 and 1995. These centred on Railton Rd and Coldharbour Lane. Since then the mood has been decidedly more upbeat. Soaring property prices have sent house-hunters foraging in these parts, and pockets of gentrification sit alongside the more run-down streets (see opposite). Return to beginning of chapter BATTERSEA & WANDSWORTH Against the looming shell of the Battersea Power Station, this area southwest along the Thames was a site of industry until the 1970s. Now its abandoned factories and warehouses have been replaced by luxury flats.

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The diversity of the people and the clubs is the best thing – there’s something for everyone: gay book clubs, gay jazz clubs and even gay choirs. But more importantly the gay scene (particularly the more alternative side of it) manages not to ghettoize itself too much – everyone remains welcome. …and the worst? The gentrification of traditional gay places such as Soho is sad to see, as are the high prices in some bars and the nonacceptance of women and straight people in some more mainstream gay bars and clubs. And how does the lesbian scene fit into that? It’s strange – for years lesbians kept themselves very separate from the male gay scene and then the two began to converge much more, which was a welcome breath of fresh air.

We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy
by Ta-Nehisi Coates
Published 2 Oct 2017

I feel it myself, for example, walking through Washington, D.C., or Brooklyn, where gentrification has blown through like a storm. And I feel it not just because of the black people swept away but because I know that “gentrification” is but a more pleasing name for white supremacy, is the interest on enslavement, the interest on Jim Crow, the interest on redlining, compounding across the years, and these new urbanites living off of that interest are, all of them, exulting in a crime. To speak the word gentrification is to immediately lie. And I know, even in my anger, even as I write this, that I am no better.

The Great Displacement: Climate Change and the Next American Migration
by Jake Bittle
Published 21 Feb 2023

There are not enough houses in California—this is an incontrovertible fact, and it was true long before the Tubbs Fire ignited in October of 2017. Over the previous fifty years the state’s housing shortage had created a complex web of social and economic crises, forcing thousands of people onto the streets even as rapid gentrification tore through cities like San Francisco. There were already millions of people in the state who did not have a home or who were struggling to afford the homes they did have, and the victims of the Tubbs Fire now joined them in a desperate scramble for affordable shelter. California’s population more than doubled between 1960 and 2010, surging from fifteen million to thirty-five million and making the Golden State into the world’s fifth-largest economy.

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The transition might not always be smooth, of course: members of the Fond du Lac band of Chippewa near Duluth worry that the “climate solution [could] end up in our cultural and spiritual genocide” if people rush to the area and push out those who have lived there for generations. There is potential in any climate haven for another phenomenon that Jesse Keenan has studied: “climate gentrification,” or housing displacement that results from a place being too appealing from a climate perspective. There’s not much evidence of this happening in the north so far, but if thousands of young people decided to put down roots in Cincinnati or Buffalo, it’s a safe bet that many low-income residents would soon see significant upticks in rents and property taxes.

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Some Transplants and City Officials Think So,” WVXU, January 26, 2021. have lived there for generations: John Sutter, “As people flee climate change on the coasts, this Midwest city is trying to become a safe haven,” CNN, April 12, 2021. too appealing from a climate perspective: Mario Alejandro Ariza, “Is Climate Change Gentrification Really Happening in Miami?” New Tropic, May 17, 2017. beneath amber-tinted sludge: Nic Wirtz, and Kirk Semple, “Guatemala Rescuers Search for Scores of People Buried in Mudslide Caused by Eta,” New York Times, November 7, 2020. swept them away to their doom: Ron Brackett, “Dozens Dead as Eta Triggers Catastrophic Flooding, Landslides in Central America,” Weather Channel, November 5, 2020.

Rough Guide DIRECTIONS Dublin
by Geoff Wallis

Simple, stylish contemporary bistro just off Castle Street, 1/4/08 6:41:36 PM 165 P L A C E S The southern outskirts  FINNEGAN’S offering everything from linguini with smoked chicken to Thai green seafood curry in the evening, basic dishes such as fish pie and homemade burgers for lunch, and brunch on Saturday and Sunday. handy for the DART station and tastefully smartened-up to reflect the neighbourhood’s gentrification, but offering traditional hospitality and a fine pint of Guinness. Jack O’Rourke’s Pubs and bars Finnegan’s Railway Rd, Dalkey. Dalkey’s watering-hole of choice, 03 Places Dublin 61-184.indd 165 15 Main St, Blackrock. Not just a comfortable place to admire your purchases from the adjacent market, but a purveyor of estimable Guinness and extremely good-value meals. 1/4/08 6:41:40 PM 166 The northern outskirts P L A C E S J^[dehj^[hd ekjia_hji The northern outskirts from Glasnevin across to Howth hold an astonishing diversity of attractions, some of which can easily be combined on the same excursion.

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A large force dispatched by Henry VIII dispels the rebellion, and direct rule is imposed by the appointment of Leonard Grey as Lord Deputy of Ireland. 1592  Trinity College is founded by Elizabeth I as a university for the sons of the Protestant gentry. 1649  A coalition army of Irish Catholics and Royalists is routed by Dublin’s Parliamentarian garrison at the Battle of Rathmines. 1742  Handel’s Messiah is premiered in Dublin. 1757  The Wide Streets Commission is created to encourage the city’s gentrification. The peak period of Georgian housebuilding follows and during the subsequent decades City Hall, the Four Courts and the Custom House are erected, as well as the western frontage of Trinity College. 1791  The Society of United Irishmen is founded by middleclass Protestants in Belfast, but soon attracts wider support for its demands for democratic reforms and Catholic emancipation. 12/24/07 12:35:51 PM C H R O NO L O G Y 214 1793  After England declares war on France, French aid is sought for Irish independence and a Dublin barrister, Theobald Wolfe Tone, is dispatched to Paris to seek military support. 1798  A major Irish rebellion is brutally suppressed by the English.

The Longing for Less: Living With Minimalism
by Kyle Chayka
Published 21 Jan 2020

I had to agree; Judd’s work never looks as good as when it’s in his own spaces and part of a total work of art. Over the decades art itself has become a commercializing force in the wider economy. Richard Florida’s Creative Class theory, circa 2002, made it common knowledge that artists are on the front lines of reviving urban spaces—a process also known as gentrification. SoHo was the classic example. Judd and so many other artists demonstrated how factory loft living could be cool, giving postindustrial space a veneer of cultural capital that later made it possible for developers. Frank Gehry’s famous Guggenheim Museum Bilbao opened in 1997, a structure of arcing steel waves that became one of the largest museums in Spain, though the city was small.

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Interieur (Meyer), here cultural appropriation, here Deep Listening, here De Maria, Walter, here, here See also The New York Earth Room (De Maria) design, good, characteristics of, here Dia Art Foundation, here, here, here, here, here digital minimalism, here, here, here, here Dilworth, Bill, here Duchamp, Marcel, here, here, here, here Eames, Charles and Ray Case Study House No. 8 (1949), x, here just-rightness as design principles of, here keys to interpretation of, here Eastman, Julius author at performance of works by, here as combative outsider, here and deeper minimalism, here, here, here efforts to preserve music of, here life of, here, here messiness of compositions by, here, here offending of Cage, here pushing of Minimalism’s limits, here works by, here, here, here Elgin, Duane, here, here emptiness (absence) aggressive forms of, here and blandness, here as characteristic of ambient music, here as characteristic of minimalism, here deeper Minimalism and, here De Maria’s Earth Room as, here difficulty of describing in words, here Japanese aesthetic of, here, here, here, here appeal in current social crisis, here as co-creation of West and Japan, here, here coexistence with drama of life, here Japanese rock gardens and, here postwar influence of, here of judgment, Minimalist art and, here, here of Minimalism, difficulty of describing, here of Minimalist art, here, here, here, here, here, here of minimalist homes, as oppressive, here See also The Glass House (Johnson, 1949); Judd, Donald; mu (sunyata); silence Eno, Brian, here ephemerality, aesthetics of, here See also ikebana; mono no aware existentialism, here Finch, Julie, here, here Flavin, Dan, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Florida, Richard, here “form follows function” aesthetic, here Foster, Norman, here “Four Organs” (Reich), here 4'33" (Cage) absence of judgment demanded by, here author’s recreation of experience of, here and Buddhist mu (sunyata), here and Deep Listening, here as emancipatory space, here performance at Maverick Hall, here, here process leading to, here Francis of Assisi (saint), here, here Fried, Michael, here, here furniture music of Satie, here The Gateless Barrier (Mumon Ekai), here gentrification artists and, here of Marfa, Texas, here of SoHo, here, here, here Glass, Philip, here, here The Glass House (Johnson, 1949), here author’s visits to, here described, here, here, here, here design of, here, here elitism of, here, here as exercise in narcissism, here nighttime experience in, here oppressiveness of, here preservation of, here problems with design, here as site of cultural experimentation, here surrounding structures by Johnson, here Gregg, Richard, here, here Gropius, Walter, here Heian-period Japan, here and allure of retreat to monkish life, here beauty-based culture of, here, here Buddhism and, here, 1 84–86 competitive materialist culture of, here shadow and ambiguity in literature of, here Heidegger, Martin, here, here, here, here Hildyard, Daisy, here historical origins of minimalism asceticism, here purpose of search for, here Stoicism, here, here voluntary simplicity movement, here Husserl, Edmund, here, here IKEA, here, here, here, here ikebana and aesthetics of ephemerality, here, here Nishitani on, here iki author’s examples of, here definition of, here Kuki on, here, here, here space of reconciliation provided by, here International Style, here iPhone infrastructure supporting, here self-conscious minimalism of, here, here Japan association with minimalism, here, here and exceptionalism, here, here Lost in Translation on, here minimalism as reaction to vulnerability, here nationalism in, here, here optimization of things in, here Tokyo, described, here, here U.S. nuclear bombing of, here See also Buddhism, Zen; Heian-period Japan; Kyoto; Meiji-period Japan Japanese art and aesthetics contemplative state induced by, here influence on U.S., here, here, here shadow and ambiguity in, here, here, here, here and tokonoma, here, here see also ephemerality, aesthetics of; ikebana; mono no aware; rock gardens in Kyoto Jesus, here Jobs, Steve, here, here, here Johnson, Philip appearance of, here and Bauhaus International Style, here on inadequacy of language, here Japanese influence on, here Judd and, here keys to interpretation of, here life and career of, here, here as minimalist, here and New York office buildings, here politics of, here, here See also The Glass House (Johnson, 1949) joy, sparking of, as ownership criterion, here Judd, Donald, here on art, here, here artists admired by, here attacks on critics of Minimalist art, here background of, here on beauty, here as best-known Minimalist artist, here Buddhist influence on, here career as art critic, here, here children’s preservation of works by, here context, importance to works, here, here death of, here as designer of works, here, here dislike of Minimalist label, here family of, here 15 Untitled Works in Concrete, here, here first solo show as beginning of Minimalism, here, here furniture designed by, here, here on inadequacy of language, here Japanese influence on, here, here keys to interpretation of, here lack of meaning in work of, here last projects of, here and Minimalist evocation of technocratic authority, here 100 Untitled Works in Mill Aluminum, here politics of, here prominence in 1960s New York, here on specificity in art, here, here Judd, Flavin, here, here, here Judd, Rainer, here, here, here, here Judd compound, Marfa, Texas, here author’s visit to, here, here, here and Bilbao effect in Marfa, here buildings purchased, here, here choice of Marfa, here cluttered minimalism of, here courtyard of, here as creation of Judd’s self, here preservation of, here reasons for move to, here, here Judd gallery/loft at 101 Spring Street, here artworks displayed in, here design of, here preservation of, here and SoHo neighborhood, here Kondo, Marie, here background of, here as brand, here as Japanese import, here and minimalism as therapy, here, here as minimalist guru, here minimalist predecessors of, here Netflix series of, here potential criticisms of, here principal commandment of, here various editions of books by, here KonMari Method, here erasure of individual differences in, here rigidity of, here as simple one-step procedure, here Kuki, Shūzō author’s admiration for, here author’s visit to grave of, here death of, here embrace of randomness, here and German National Socialism, here life and career of, here, here, here nationalism of, here, here, here philosophical concerns of, here, here, here “The Structure of Iki,” here, here, here Kyoto author’s room in, here, here, here coldness toward strangers, here described, here, here Kuki’s grave in, here Philosopher’s Walk in, here, here rock gardens in, here, here Kyoto School, here, here, here Land Art movement, here Leach, Mary Jane, here, here “less is more” minimalist motto, here, here, here, here Light and Space movement, here longing for less, minimalism as, here Lost in Translation (2003 film), here Löwith, Karl, here, here Martin, Agnes commercialization of, here documentary on (2002), here Guggenheim exhibition of, here, here, here Japanese influence on, here keys to interpretation of, here life and career of, here, here as Minimalist, here soothing effect of paintings by, here, here values and meanings in works of, here, here, here visions and voices guiding work by, here works of, described, here writings by, here Meiji-period Japan and forcible opening to West, here and isolationism vs. influence, here Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Millburn, Joshua Fields, here, here minimalism appeal of, here, here, here, here association with foreign, here author’s encounter with, here, here as combination of opposites, here commodification of, here as cultural trend/brand, here definition of, here, here as economic necessity, here, here emphasis on individual taste, here growth in 1970s, here intolerance inherent in, here as longing for unrealizable authenticity, here motives for adopting, here, here, here and myths of enlightened simplicity, here and oppressiveness of aesthetics-based society, here popular-culture forms, blandness of, here, here potential criticisms of, here qualities characteristic of, here (See also emptiness; reduction; shadow; silence) as reaction to consumerism, here, here, here, here, here, here as reaction to cultural anxiety, here rewards of, here, here as self-definition, here as therapy, here, here See also architecture, minimalist/modernist; art, Minimalist; music, Minimalist; visual style of minimalism minimalism, deeper forms of acceptance of ambiguity in, here, here and aesthetics of ephemerality, here biographical approach to, here characteristics of, here, here coexistence with drama of life, here giving up control in, here in music, here quality without a name found in, here search for, as author’s goal, here as shedding of belief systems to engage directly with reality, here as viable way of living, here the Minimalists (Millburn and Nicodemus), here, here mono no aware, here, here mu (sunyata), here Kuki and, here Ryoan-ji rock garden and, here Mumon Ekai, here, here Murasaki Shikibu.

Celebrating the Third Place: Inspiring Stories About the Great Good Places at the Heart of Our Communities
by Ray Oldenburg
Published 30 Nov 2001

By failing to maintain its vacant buildings, UIC succeeded in creating an appearance of blight in the neighborhood. The city aided UIC by neglecting its garbage collection service. This enabled UIC to qualify the neighborhood for Tax Increment Financing (TIF), an urban public finance arrangement that encourages gentrification and displacement. Mayor Richard M. Daley uses TIF as his primary development tool. With TIF, the city is able to issue bonds to finance construction, which are to be paid back over the course of decades through increases in real estate taxes. When UIC decided to expand its campus into the Maxwell Street neighborhood, the city awarded it with $55 million in TIF.

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The group named itself the Maxwell Street Coalition and used the Levine Hillel Center and a community development corporation in the nearby Mexican Pilsen neighborhood for meetings and to seek funding. Many Pilsen residents feel that UIC’s encroachment in nearby Maxwell Street will accelerate gentrification (higher rents, higher taxes, and the accompanying displacement) in Pilsen as well. This fear is based on UIC’s collaboration with private developers to build luxury town houses on its border. The current UIC campus was built on top of the first Mexican immigrant neighborhood in Chicago. After they were forced out of their homes by UIC in the 1960s, many of them migrated to the nearby Pilsen neighborhood.

Cocaine Nation: How the White Trade Took Over the World
by Thomas Feiling
Published 20 Jul 2010

In 1983, Mayor Ed Koch launched Operation Pressure Point in a determined attempt to put a dent in drug-selling operations on Manhattan’s Lower East Side. The police ensnared drug dealers in ‘buy and bust’ operations, and the building and fire departments worked together to condemn and bulldoze abandoned buildings. Pressure Point was deemed a great success in Manhattan, where it paved the way for the gentrification of the Lower East Side, but the pressure the authorities exerted only pushed heroin and cocaine users and their dealers across the Hudson River into Brooklyn, where many of New York’s recent immigrants lived. ‘I started copping at Alphabet City, on the Lower East Side,’ Robert, a cocaine user from Newark, New Jersey, told drug ethnographer Rick Curtis.17 ‘When Operation Pressure Point started, the boys told me things had moved over to Williamsburg.

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Instead, drug markets have become more discreet, integrating themselves further into local communities as the police have regained control of the streets. Today, most drugs in most markets are sold through closed systems: drug sales are less likely to be conducted on street corners or in drug-houses, and more likely to be arranged by mobile phone, with runners making deliveries to private houses. The gentrification of inner-city neighbourhoods proceeds apace in cities across the United States, but the appearance of sobriety is deceptive, as a bar worker in New York City’s Lower East Side attested. ‘There’s richer people living in this neighbourhood, where ten years ago you still had the arty farty freaks who could sort of afford to live here.

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Cited in Curtis, ‘Crack, Cocaine and Heroin: Drug Eras in Williamsburg, Brooklyn 1960–2000’, p. 60. 12. Rick Curtis, ‘The New York Miracle: Crime, Drugs and the Resurgence of Gangs in the 1990s’, unpublished. 13. Interview conducted in 2001, cited in Rick Curtis, Travis Wendel and Barry Spunt, We Deliver: The Gentrification of Drug Markets on Manhattan’s Lower East Side (Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, 2002), p. 51. 14. Interview conducted in 1997, cited in Curtis, Wendel and Spunt, op. cit. 15. John Hagedorn, The Business of Drug Dealing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Policy Research Institute, 1998. 16.

Lonely Planet Cape Town & the Garden Route (Travel Guide)
by Lucy Corne
Published 1 Sep 2015

Add a clutch of art galleries and some stylish guesthouses and it really is one of the loveliest towns in the Cape. 1Day Trips & Wineries Franschhoek LANZ VON HORSTEN/GETTY IMAGES © Cape Town’s Top 10 Bo-Kaap 8Painted in vivid colours straight out of a packet of liquorice allsorts, the jumble of crumbling and restored heritage houses and mosques along the cobblestoned streets of the Bo-Kaap are both visually captivating and a storybook of inner-city gentrification. A stop at the Bo-Kaap Museum is recommended to gain an understanding of the history of this former slave quarter. Also, try Cape Malay dishes at one of the area’s several restaurants, or stay in one of the homes turned into guesthouses and hotels, including the lovely, antique-filled Dutch Manor. 1City Bowl, Foreshore, Bo-Kaap & De Waterkant Bo-Kaap DALCHEMIST/GETTY IMAGES © Cape Town’s Top 10 Surfing along the Garden Route 9The Garden Route is known for its outdoor pursuits on both land and sea.

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Public Art A red house on Long St and a regularly changing set of art installations on Sea Point Promenade – just some of the new sculptures in Cape Town. Zeitz MOCAA Until the Thomas Heatherwick–designed museum opens in the Waterfront's former grain silos in 2017, there's a pavilion where you can view part of this outstanding collection of Southern African art. Woodstock Rising The edgy inner-city suburb continues its uneven gentrification with the success of the Woodstock Exchange, Woodstock Co-op and arty new backpackers Wish U Were Here. Langa Quarter Aiming to bring vibrant arts and cultural life to a section of South Africa's oldest planned township. Also check out the new theatre at the Guga S'Thebe Arts & Cultural Centre.

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Salt Circle ArcadeSHOPPING CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; 19 Kent Rd, Salt River; gKent) Among the retail options to hunt out here are the secondhand bookshop Blank Books (www.blankbooks.co.za), the owner of which writes the local blog www.ilovewoodstock; Miyu (www.miyuhomeware.com) for quality crafts and interior design; and Beerguevara (www.beerguevara.com) for craft beer ingredients and courses. Food trucks gather in the central courtyard. WOODSTOCK'S GALLERIES Spurring on Woodstock's gentrification has been a crack team of commercial galleries. All put on interesting shows and there's no pressure to buy. South African Print GalleryARTS ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; www.printgallery.co.za; 109 Sir Lowry Rd, Woodstock; h9.30am-4pm Tue-Fri, 10am-1pm Sat; gDistrict Six) Specialising in prints by local artists – both well established and up-and-coming – and likely to have something that is both affordable and small enough to fit comfortably in your suitcase for transport home.

The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving
by Leigh Gallagher
Published 26 Jun 2013

But Leigh Gallagher’s well-researched and provocative The End of the Suburbs makes a persuasive argument that is difficult to refute. Required reading for anyone interested in the future of the United States.” —Kenneth T. Jackson, professor of history, Columbia University, and author of Crabgrass Frontier “Have you ever wondered whether the Great Recession will halt the process of gentrification in major American cities? Or what will happen to the empty suburban sprawl that is the result of the housing boom and bust? Or how most of us will live in a world where oil is expensive? Leigh Gallagher’s crisp, entertaining, and fact-filled new book answers these questions and many more.” —Bethany McLean, coauthor of The Smartest Guys in the Room and All the Devils Are Here PORTFOLIO / PENGUIN Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA USA | Canada | UK | Ireland | Australia | New Zealand | India | South Africa | China Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England For more information about the Penguin Group visit penguin.com Copyright © Leigh Gallagher, 2013 All rights reserved.

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One of Pittsburgh’s first middle-class suburbs, Dormont has a housing stock of attached row houses and small single-family homes, all within walking distance to a downtown that is getting filled with eateries, cafés, and services. It’s a fifteen-minute commute to downtown Pittsburgh by the T. Pittsburgh magazine proclaimed it as “where hipsters go to have kids.” Los Angeles and Detroit’s inner rings are seeing similar gentrification among this demographic. These communities, right down to their street width, mix of housing stock, and setback distances, are precisely what the New Urbanists take great care to study and re-create. “The good news is, we have the model,” says the developer Jonathan Rose, who helped redevelop Morristown, New Jersey, and modeled the project after the components of historic streetcar and railroad suburbs.

Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle
by Silvia Federici
Published 4 Oct 2012

Forcing the state to pay a “social wage” or a “guaranteed income” guaranteeing our reproduction also remains a key political objective, as the state is holding hostage much of the wealth we have produced. The creation of common/s, then, must be seen as a complement and presupposition of the struggle over the wage, in a context in which employment is ever more precarious, in which monetary incomes are subject to constant manipulations, and in which flexibilization, gentrification, and migration have destroyed the forms of sociality that once characterized proletarian life. Clearly, as I argue in Part Three, reappro-priating lands, defending forests from the loggers, and creating urban farms is only the beginning. What matters most, as Massimo De Angelis and Peter Linebaugh have so often stressed in their works and political activity, is the production of “commoning” practices, starting with new collective forms of reproduction, confronting the divisions that have been planted among us along the lines of race, gender, age, and geographical location.

…

First among these trends have been the growth, in relative and absolute terms, of the old age population, and the increase in life expectancy, that have not been matched, however, by a growth of the services catering to the old.1 There has also been the expansion of women’s waged employment that has reduced their contribution to the reproduction of their families.2 To these factors we must add the continuing process of urbanization and the gentrification of working class neighborhoods, that have destroyed the support networks and the forms of mutual aid on which older people living alone could once rely, as neighbors would bring them food, make their beds, come for a chat. As a result of these trends, for a large number of elderly, the positive effects of a longer life span have been voided or are clouded by the prospect of loneliness, social exclusion and increased vulnerability to physical and psychological abuse.

Explore Everything
by Bradley Garrett
Published 7 Oct 2013

In particular, this is the story of the rise and fall of the London Consolidation Crew, the United Kingdom’s most notorious place hackers. This is the story of friendships I forged over four years with a group that, despite severe consequences and repercussions, refused to let adventure, mystery and desire wither in a world rendered increasingly mundane by media saturation, gentrification, surveillance, the constrictions of civil liberties, and health and safety laws.2 * * * * Specialist terms such as this are detailed in the glossary at the end of the book. Chapter 1 THE UE SCENE ‘The Age of Discovery is not dead: it lives on through urban explorers.’ – Deyo and Leibowitz It was a crisp, still night outside London Bridge station and our breath curled in the air.

…

Going beyond normally circumscribed boundaries forces one to rethink not just one’s own identity but also the relationship between power and urban space.10 It is at the same time a subversive response to the imperatives of late capitalism that encourage spectatorship over participation and, as an explorer called Peter bluntly put it, ‘just a bit of fucking with people’s heads to help them understand how much they’re missing every day’.11 The most well-trodden avenue into urban exploration is through a fascination with ruins – buildings and places that have been left and are considered useless. Explorers seek out ignored and abandoned sites and photograph them as a sort of counter-spectacle to the contemporary city, where many people consider notions of ‘development’, construction and gentrification to be the normal course of things. A second path to urban exploration is through the systematic infiltration of secure corporate and state sites and networks, dismantling the urban security apparatus through photography of the secret city. My role as an ethnographer, therefore, was to uncover the veiled motivations and principles of what we were doing, to trace a map of what it all meant, from urban exploration to infiltration to place hacking; to chart a politics of practice.12 Urban explorers have no central leadership with a list of demands.

Divided: Why We're Living in an Age of Walls
by Tim Marshall
Published 8 Mar 2018

That some areas have been transformed is a fact; that this can make some British people feel uncomfortable is as obvious a statement as saying that if large numbers of foreigners suddenly moved into a few districts of Ho Chi Minh City, the local people would likewise feel uncomfortable. It’s ironic that often the same type of person who decries middleclass ‘gentrification’ of a working-class area, and who understands how the working class might not exactly embrace such change, is often quick to criticize people who are uneasy about the ways in which immigration can alter a neighbourhood. ‘Gentrification’ is sometimes even called ‘social cleansing’, while immigration is termed ‘diversification’. What is almost always true is that many of those using these terms are less affected by them than those living on the spot.

Nashville Like a Local: By the People Who Call It Home
by Dk Eyewitness
Published 28 Sep 2021

{map 2} though in truth it’s the 14 010-013_LAL_Nashville.indd 13 06/08/2021 12:22 014-015_LAL_Nashville.indd 14 06/08/2021 12:22 N E I G H B O R H O O D S hangout of trust-funded The Nations “Lit le Kurdistan” by locals), students from Belmont and Once a center of industry, South Nashville is a foodie Vanderbilt universities. the Nations epitomizes the Shangri-La. {map 4} Gentrification has also cast a city’s creative character. shadow over the village, with Shabby-chic spaces house Sylvan Park locals fighting hard against exciting breweries and cool Everyone seems to know development. {map 5} start-ups, tempting young each other in this leafy, professionals to put down community-minded outpost.

…

{map 5} 15 014-015_LAL_Nashville.indd 15 06/08/2021 12:22 N E I G H B O R H O O D S I- I 6 - 5 65 I-24 I SR-386 -24 SR-386 hangout of trust-funded The Nations “Lit le Kurdistan” by locals), GOODLETTGSVILLE OODLETTSVILLE students from Belmont and Once a center of industry, South Nashville is a foodie Nashville U U HENDERSONVILLE S HENDERSONVILLE - S 4 -4 Vanderbilt universities. the Nations epitomizes the Shangri-La. {map 4} 31 31 Gentrification has also cast a city’s creative character. ON THE M AP Cu Cu shadow over the village, with Shabby-chic spaces house Sylvan Park m m be be locals fighting hard against exciting breweries and cool Everyone seems to know I U U -2 I- r r S S 4 2 l l - 4 - MADISONMADISON a a 4 4 n n development.

Life Inc.: How the World Became a Corporation and How to Take It Back
by Douglas Rushkoff
Published 1 Jun 2009

Of course, after the city’s newspaper “discovers” the new trendy neighborhood, the artists are joined and eventually replaced by increasingly wealthy but decidedly less hip young professionals, lawyers, and businesspeople—but hopefully not so many that the district completely loses its “flavor.” Investment increases, the district grows bigger, and everyone is happier and wealthier. Still, what happens to the people who lived there from the beginning—the ones whom the police detective was talking about? The “natives”? This process of gentrification does not occur ex nihilo. No, when property values go up, so do the rents, displacing anyone whose monthly living charges aren’t regulated by the government. The residents of the neighborhood do not actually participate in the renaissance, because they are not owners. They move to outlying areas.

…

Having for too long outsourced our own savings and investing to Wall Street, we are clueless about how to invest in the real world of people and things. We identify with the plight of abstract corporations more than that of flesh-and-blood human beings. We engage with corporations as role models and saviors, while we engage with our fellow humans as competitors to be beaten or resources to be exploited. Indeed, the now-stalled gentrification of Brooklyn had a good deal in common with colonial exploitation. Of course, the whole thing was done with more circumspection, with more tact. The borough’s gentrifiers steered away from explicitly racist justifications for their actions, but nevertheless demonstrated the colonizer’s underlying agenda: instead of “chartered corporations” pioneering and subjugating an uncharted region of the world, it was hipsters, entrepreneurs, and real-estate speculators subjugating an undesirable neighborhood.

…

But the Disneyfication of Times Square systematically excludes anyone but the largest conglomerates, setting in motion a dangerously exclusive approach to land use in general. The clean is favored over the messy, the predictable over the live, and the corporate over the small. As an old waterfront section of Brooklyn called Red Hook reached advanced stages of gentrification last year, all of a sudden people began to question the appropriateness of that strip of thirteen Mexican, Honduran, and Caribbean food vendors who once added so much authentic character to the area next to the playing fields. Shouldn’t those concession positions be auctioned off to the highest (corporate) bidder?

The Ones We've Been Waiting For: How a New Generation of Leaders Will Transform America
by Charlotte Alter
Published 18 Feb 2020

So the first thing they did was livestream the city council meetings so that constituents could watch from home. Larken and Tariq soon started a podcast, a sort of left-right debate that they modeled as a municipal version of Pod Save America. Charlotte was growing quickly and attracting new business, but with growth came gentrification and income inequality. A 2014 report had ranked Charlotte dead last among the top fifty cities in America for economic mobility. Kids who were born poor in Charlotte were likely to stay poor, and the massive influx of new business into the city was only gentrifying it even faster. Housing costs were reaching crisis levels: rents had climbed 45 percent since 2010.

…

It became clear that as much as he had tried to address systemic racism in South Bend, he didn’t try hard enough. Black residents in South Bend seemed to have a mixed opinion of him. Some rightly pointed out that the black community hadn’t shared equally in the economic development Pete brought to the city, and that his push for more growth had caused gentrification that left black communities behind. Nobody thought racial inequality in South Bend had been fixed. But some black South Bend residents told me they thought Pete was a good listener, and that when presented with problems with his policies, he was willing to adjust his plans to find a solution.

…

$40 million affordable housing plan: Sarah Mervosh, “Minneapolis, Tackling Housing Crisis and Inequity, Votes to End Single-Family Zoning,” The New York Times, December 13, 2018, nytimes.com/2018/12/13/us/minneapolis-single-family-zoning.html held by people under forty: Andrew Dunn, “Millennials Are About to Control the City Council. How will They Change Charlotte?” CharlotteAgenda.com, November 30, 2017, charlotteagenda.com/110521/millennials-control-city-council-will-change-charlotte/. gentrification and income inequality: Charlotte Regional Business Alliance, The Growth Report, 2019, charlottechamber.com/eco-dev/the-growth-report/. 45 percent since 2010: Pam Kelley, “From Brooklyn to Ballantyne,” The Charlotte Observer, June 17, 2019, updated, August 14, 2019, charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article231622193.html.

The Future Won't Be Long
by Jarett Kobek
Published 15 Aug 2017

It’s possible that Dorian lived with his body for twenty-five years. The club kids were crazy with the mummy. Who could blame them? Michael Alig loved it, couldn’t stop talking about Dorian. It was the weirdest story in a long time, the old striking out against the new, a reminder that even with growing gentrification and the reign of Mayor Rudy Über Alles, the city remained the most bizarre place on earth. A mummy in a drag queen’s closet! So perfect. So New York. So beyond my imaginative powers as a writer. —Educate me about this fucking mummy, Parker said over the telephone. Give me the scoop on Dorian Corey.

…

“All babies are cute,” said Baby. “But Emil really is the cutest.” “Having spent more than my fair share amongst a gaggle of recent mothers,” I said, “I’ll have it known that some babies are quite ugly.” We moved back to the living room. The distance was only about ten feet. Thomas Cromwell talked about gentrification and the East Village. He spoke of things that existed before my arrival in the city, like Colab, the Mudd Club, Tier 3, and Club 57. “There was an art installation in the back of the Mudd Club,” he said, “which was called The Talking Head of Oliver Cromwell. The name caught my eye. As it would.

…

Adeline wouldn’t travel too far from home, so we settled on routines and outings contained within the East Village’s borders. Typically this meant dinner at Around the Clock followed by drinks at the Mars Bar. Of the establishments in old scumbag New York, it was the Mars Bar that best weathered the waves of gentrification. They only demolished the thing in 2011, when its walls were so covered in graffiti and filth that I wondered if any plaster remained. The toilets were works of art, little closets filled with broken bowls, every centimeter covered in ink, spray paint, and human effluvia. I once met a woman who said that she’d had sex on the pinball machine.

A Brief History of Neoliberalism
by David Harvey
Published 2 Jan 1995

New York became the epicentre of postmodern cultural and intellectual experimentation. Meanwhile the investment bankers reconstructed the city economy around financial activities, ancillary services such as legal services and the media (much revived by the financialization then occurring), and diversified consumerism (gentrification and neighbourhood ‘restoration’ playing a prominent and profitable role). City government was more and more construed as an entrepreneurial rather than a social democratic or even managerial entity. Inter-urban competition for investment capital transformed government into urban governance through public–private partnerships.

…

At first blush, for example, Thatcher’s programme for the privatization of social housing in Britain appeared as a gift to the lower classes, whose members could now convert from rental to ownership at a relatively low cost, gain control over a valuable asset, and augment their wealth. But once the transfer was accomplished housing speculation took over, particularly in prime central locations, eventually bribing or forcing low-income populations out to the periphery in cities like London and turning erstwhile working-class housing estates into centres of intense gentrification. The loss of affordable housing in central areas produced homelessness for some and long commutes for those with low-paying service jobs. The privatization of the ejidos in Mexico during the 1990s had analogous effects upon the prospects for the Mexican peasantry, forcing many rural dwellers off the land into the cities in search of employment.

The Internet Is Not the Answer
by Andrew Keen
Published 5 Jan 2015

But, as the New York Times’ Allison Arieff notes, Twitter’s free food service, while uncommonly good for Twitter employees, has destroyed the business of local restaurants and cafés.86 So once again, the end result is more distance, literally and otherwise, in what the Weekly Standard’s Charlotte Allen called the new “Silicon chasm” in the Bay Area, between digital billionaires and analog beggars.87 “It’s the opposite of gentrification,”88 one local critic noted. Yes. And the opposite of gentrification is the impoverishment of communities that have the misfortune of being located next to buildings that resemble spaceships or artificial algorithms. Forget about regional declarations of independence. Internet companies like Google, Apple, Facebook, and Twitter have actually declared independence—architecturally or otherwise—from everything around them.

The End of Policing
by Alex S. Vitale
Published 9 Oct 2017

Mental illness and substance abuse contribute to disorderly and illegal behaviors that disrupt communities in ways that can make public spaces inhospitable and, in rare cases, dangerous. Some efforts to remove homeless people through criminalization are clearly linked to economic development initiatives. Los Angeles’s Safe Cities Initiative (SCI) was a bald-faced attempt to drive homeless people out of the historic Skid Row area to make way for gentrification.3 Ironically, Skid Row itself was originally created as a kind of ghetto of social services for the very poor in order to keep them out of other residential neighborhoods. But as LA’s downtown has become more developed and desirable, Skid Row has become a valuable area for real estate development.

…

.: National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 2014). 2Katherine Beckett and Steve Herbert, Banished: The New Social Control in Urban America (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009). 3Alex Vitale, “The Safer Cities Initiative and the Removal of the homeless: Reducing crime or promoting gentrification on Los Angeles’ Skid Row,” Criminology and Public Policy 9, no. 4 (2010): 867–873; Forrest Stuart, Down and Out and Under Arrest: Policing and Everyday Life in Skid Row (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2016). 4Rick Rojas and Joseph Kolb, “Albuquerque Officers Are Charged with Murder in Death of Homeless Man,” New York Times, January 12, 2015. 5Kate Mather, Joel Rubin, and Gale Holland, “Video of LAPD killing turns harsh light on skid row,” Los Angeles Times, March 2, 2015; Kate Mather, James Queally, and Gale Holland, “L.A.

Lurking: How a Person Became a User
by Joanne McNeil
Published 25 Feb 2020

The 4chan response to Interior Semiotics revealed the collective 4chan mind-set: they believed in one identity online, like the flip side to Mark Zuckerberg’s famous musing that “having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity.” The video posted to the internet was not theirs; it wasn’t created for their consumption, but to 4chan users, as content on the internet, it was on their turf. The 4chan community reacted to Interior Semiotics as a gentrification of the internet they perceived as theirs and theirs alone. While the world has changed in ten years, the 4chan ideology is resilient in its regressiveness. Whether “alt-right” or 4chan shitposter, these bigoted persons and collectives are—ironically—triggered by the rest of us internet users, as they were by the art student in Chicago.

…

The earlier quote comes from Coco Fusco’s interview with Keith Obadike in 2011, which is available to view on the Obadikes’ website Blackness for Sale (“All Too Real: The Tale of an On-Line Black Sale: Coco Fusco Interviews Keith Townsend Obadike,” September 24, 2001). The figure of 24,835 deaths due to AIDS complications in New York comes from a New York magazine feature (“AIDS in New York: A Biography,” May 26, 2006). I had Sarah Schulman’s The Gentrification of the Mind: Witness to a Lost Imagination (University of California Press, 2012) in mind when I was writing that section. But it is important not to forget, as the protesters at the Whitney Museum’s 2018 David Wojnarowicz retrospective were there to remind us all, that “AIDS is not history.” Phil Agre’s paper was published in The Information Society 10, no. 2 (“Surveillance and Capture: Two Models of Privacy,” 1994).

Live Work Work Work Die: A Journey Into the Savage Heart of Silicon Valley
by Corey Pein
Published 23 Apr 2018

I would take it as a sign of the beginning of the end of a bad relationship that has gone on for way too long,” Julie told me. She spoke of the city as if it were a person. “San Francisco used to be cool. Used to like all the things I like, it used to not worry about who I hung out with, or what clothes I wear, or how much money I have,” she said. “I don’t get how this happened.” The great San Francisco gentrification quake sent tremors up and down the West Coast. When we met, Julie asked me about Portland, where she had heard that one could rent a decent place for $300 a month. As a sometime Portlander, I knew that hadn’t been true for more than a decade, in part because so many Californians had moved north in search of cheaper rent.

…

To the spoiled middle-class consumers flooding Silicon Valley and the Bay Area, everything came down to a matter of preference. The assumptions of cutthroat libertarianism were so embedded in the worldview of these lucky newcomers that they spoke as though the victims of tech-fueled displacement and gentrification had chosen to live in poverty and squalor, just as they themselves chose to learn to code, chose a management-track job at a major corporation, and chose to set themselves up for a comfortable upper-middle-class suburban life. “In Mountain View, the houses are so nice. It’s like a small town instead of a dirty big city,” another Google intern, this one from the Czech Republic, told me.

Uncomfortably Off: Why the Top 10% of Earners Should Care About Inequality
by Marcos González Hernando and Gerry Mitchell
Published 23 May 2023

Notwithstanding the ‘othering’ evident in the reference to ‘these people’ in Maria’s statement, she is one of the few to articulate that if those on a lower income don’t have enough income then this affects the whole economy. Similarly, Paul, who as an architect was sensitive to housing trends, and living between Liverpool and London was able to contrast them, commented on the relationship between wealth and the unsustainability of extreme gentrification: ‘It’s not possible for a city to survive for any extended period of time if it only meets the needs of a small, 133 Uncomfortably Off wealthy minority. Even the most abstract financial service work depends upon an infrastructure of waged and unwaged care labour; even unoccupied trophy housing requires ongoing maintenance to keep deterioration at bay.

…

A abortion, top 10% attitudes towards 6, 16 academics/academia 5, 9–10, 54 knowledge production and enabling of the wealthy 132–3 acceleration, of the pace of life 128–9 accountancy firms 67, 68, 108, 109, 126 accumulation 135–6 Advani, A. 179, 180 affluence 22, 144, 162, 180 see also top 1%; top 10%; wealth age profile of the top 10% 8 agency 49 Alamillo-Martinez, Laura 73 Amazon 180 Ambler, L. 132–3 anti-elitism 12, 46, 96 anxiety 72, 130, 150 and status 135, 165 see also mental health ‘anywheres’ 96 ascriptive identities 153 attitudes to cultural issues 42, 84 to economic issues 6, 8, 11, 16, 18–19, 42, 42, 77, 92–3, 161–4 to political issues 8, 16–17, 42, 76–99 to social issues 6, 8, 16, 18–19, 42, 65–71, 77, 92, 92–3, 161–3, 164–6 austerity policies 10, 11, 13, 16, 76, 78–9, 105, 115–16, 169–70 automation 79, 158, 160 B Bangladeshi ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 Bank of England 78, 105, 164, 175 ‘bank of mum and dad’ 29, 111 Barber, Rob 1, 2, 4, 181 Barclay family 121 BBC 11 Beck, U. 64 Bell, Torsten 2, 6 Berman, Y. 34 Berry, C. 82 Bezos, Jeff 144 Biden, Joe 142 Big Four accountancy firms 67, 68 see also accountancy firms Bill of Rights 121 Bitcoin 143 Black African/British/Caribbean ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 Black Lives Matter 113 Black Report 1977 115 Blair, Tony 9, 84, 185 Blakeley, Grace 139, 176 Bolsonaro, Jair 96, 98 ‘boundary work’ of elites 45 Bourdieu, Pierre 40 Brahmins 38, 41–2, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51, 59, 61, 68, 73, 74–5, 84, 96, 167, 185 ‘brain drain’ 124 see also mobility Brexit 11, 16, 76, 80, 86–7, 97, 101–2, 125 Brown, Gordon 175 Bullough, Oliver 113–14 bunkers 130, 131, 144, 187 Burgon, Richard 1, 3, 6 business support schemes, COVID-19 pandemic 15, 104, 126–7, 140, 151 C Cambridge University 28–9, 119 Cameron, David 84 capital, income from 33–4 capital flight 124 capital tax, global 180 car ownership 153 carbon emissions 54, 114–15, 135, 143, 145, 171, 172, 178 see also climate change 236 Index care see social care Centre for Economic Performance 163 Chancel, L. 176–7 charitable donations 70–1 charitable sector 132 child poverty 170 see also poverty children of the top 10% 27, 35–6, 100–1, 109, 111–12, 183–4, 186 ‘bank of mum and dad’ 29, 111 childcare costs 135–6 downward social mobility 31–2, 162 social reproduction 135–7 US 57 Chinese ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 class 39–40 cultural signifiers of 39, 40–1 ‘death of ’ 39 and education 40–1, 46, 51, 58–9 inherited nature of 148 middle class 33, 39, 40, 133, 136, 148 and social mobility 57–8 terminology of 38–9 upper class 38–9, 133 upper-middle class 4, 16, 27, 31–2, 38–54, 39 (see also top 10%) working class 24, 39, 57, 101–2, 148 climate change 54, 100, 101, 114–15, 125, 135, 141, 171–2 carbon emissions 54, 114–15, 135, 143, 145, 171, 172, 178 need for collective action on 122–3 net zero 174, 176–7 coalition government (Conservative/ Liberal Democrat) 78 collective denial 139–42 common sense 11, 19, 74, 89, 90, 108, 126, 130, 147 community gender and community involvement 70 top 10%’s lack of awareness of/ involvement in 45–6, 49–50, 127–31, 131, 150–1, 154–7, 164–6 ‘compensatory consumption’ 129, 134 Conservative Party/Conservatives 3, 16, 53, 76–7, 84, 85, 88, 97, 99, 120, 179 leadership election, 2022 39 taxation policy 3, 53 traditional supporters 44 consumption 152–4, 169, 171, 178 ‘compensatory consumption’ 129, 134 environmental impact of 135 luxury consumption, and climate change 114–15 Corbyn, Jeremy 11, 16, 80, 84, 85, 87, 96, 97 corporate governance 174 corporate responsibility 70–1 corporate sector 46, 51, 59, 64, 65–6, 67–8, 71, 88–9, 108, 128, 153 corporation tax 105–6, 113, 180 cost of living crisis 14, 52, 76, 101, 104, 106, 127, 177–8 council tax 110, 180 COVID-19 pandemic 13, 15, 72–3, 103–4, 116, 126, 134, 142, 144, 151 furlough and business support schemes 15, 104, 126–7, 128, 140, 151 political impact of 87–8 Coyle, Diane 145 crises cost of living crisis 14, 52, 76, 101, 104, 106, 127, 177–8 of democracy 119–21 global financial crisis, 2008 31, 77–9, 126, 140 cryptocurrencies 143–4 cultural attitudes of the top 10% 42, 84 cultural capital 40, 41, 46, 51 cuts, in public services 78–9, 105, 117, 170 D deindustrialisation 28 democracy crisis of 119–21 erosion of 76, 81–2 demographic profile of the top 10% 8 depression 130, 150 see also mental health ‘deserving’, the 23, 57, 74 see also ‘undeserving’, the disability and social mobility 58 welfare benefits 78, 79, 175 Disability Rights UK 175 diversity and inclusion targets 57 domestic work see unpaid work Dorling, Danny 35, 146–7, 156, 183 downward orientation 35, 46, 47 downward social mobility 14, 36, 73, 136, 152, 162, 182 237 Uncomfortably Off children of the top 10% 31–2, 162 income and status insecurity 51–2 Dubai 133 Durose, Oly 39–40 E Earth4All 177 economy economic attitudes of the top 10% 6, 8, 11, 16, 18–19, 42, 42, 77, 92–3, 161–4 economic common sense 89, 90 GDP, as indicator of success 176 Economy 2030 Enquiry 109 EDF 106 Edmiston, Daniel 49 education and class 40–1, 46, 51, 58–9 inequalities 17, 100–1, 117–19, 136 Ofsted ratings and league tables 137 and political attitudes 41, 42 and social capital 60 and social mobility 58–60, 147–8 state education 36, 60, 119, 136, 137, 148, 170 see also higher education; private education Ehrenreich, Barbara 152 Elections Bill 2021 120 Electoral Calculus 173 Electoral Commission 120 electoral system reform 172–3 Eliasoph, Nina 81 elites 39, 44–5, 77 anti-elitism 12, 96 employment 151 blue-collar 28 good jobs 55–61 hard work 48, 50, 61–73, 162 impact on society of 65–71 inequalities 17, 100, 107–9 low-wage work 62, 127 precarity 61, 107–9 presenteeism 64 public sector 109 and purpose 66–7, 71, 75, 162 and self-respect 55–6 and status 55–7, 68, 74 structural labour market change 27–8, 158 top 10% 6, 16, 24, 25, 26–8, 55–75 total British employed 2 white-collar 28 work-life balance 18, 171 workplace reform 71–2 see also unpaid work energy costs 101, 104, 105–7, 175 energy industry privatisation of 177–8 windfall taxes 177 environmental issues 54, 161 carbon emissions 54, 114–15, 135, 143, 145, 171, 172, 178 net zero 174, 176–7 equality of opportunity 57, 153 equality of outcome 57 ESS (European Social Survey) 89, 92 ethnicity see race and ethnic origin Eton College 26, 119 EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Living Conditions) 24, 28, 29–30, 32, 33 Eurofound 27–8, 36–7 European Convention on Human Rights 121 European Social Survey (ESS) 89, 92 European Union Statistics on Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 24, 28, 29–30, 32, 33 experts, anti-elitist attitudes towards 12 Extinction Rebellion 84 ‘extraction capitalism’ 112 F Farage, Nigel 96 ‘fear of falling’ 152, 182 see also downward social mobility feminism 56 financial sector 51–2, 88–9 food food banks 93, 175 ‘right to’ 178 foreign policy, top 10% attitudes towards 6, 42 formal work see employment ‘fortification mentality’ 134–5 Frank, Robert H. 48 Friedman, Sam 27, 29, 31, 40, 57 furlough scheme, COVID-19 pandemic 15, 104, 128, 140, 151 G Gallup Poll, US 22, 26 Gates, Bill 144 GDP, as indicator of success 176 gender gender profile of the top 10% 8, 29–30 inclusivity 152–3 social mobility 57–8 general election, 2019 1, 76, 97, 120, 173 Generation Z 17, 100, 118 gentrification 133–4 238 Index Germany 159, 169 Gethin, Stephen 121 Ghosh, J. 132–3 Giddens, A. 64 Gilens, Martin 42–3 gilets jaunes (yellow vest) movement, France 115 global financial crisis, 2008 31, 77–9, 126, 140 global warming see climate change globalisation 39 offshoring 79, 109, 158 Good Friday Agreement 121 good jobs 55–61 see also employment Goodhart, David 96–7 Gove, Michael 84 government debt 140 government employees, as members of the top 10% 5 government spending 169–70 see also public services; welfare state Graeber, David 46, 66, 75, 129, 157 Great British Class Survey 2013 39 Green, Duncan 184 Green New Deal 176 Green Party 87, 120, 178 Guinan, J. 82 H House of Commons Committee for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 107 household debt 152 housing 52 and climate change 114 house prices 33 housing costs 110, 111 inequalities 17, 100, 107–9, 133–4 insulation grants 176 mortgages 33, 52, 106, 110 and state education 137 see also home ownership; homelessness human rights 121 Human Rights Act 1998 121 I Haldane, Andy 164 hard work 48, 50, 61–73, 162 HC-One 107 healthcare 144, 168 inequalities 112–14, 138, 139 NHS 91, 94, 116, 137, 138, 170 private healthcare 116, 137, 140, 159, 167–8, 182 Hecht, Katharina 62 higher education 30–1, 58, 136, 147–8, 183 elite 17, 26, 28–9, 73, 74, 100 and employment 57, 61 inequalities 17, 100, 117–19 mental health issues 73 post-1992 28 and social capital 118 student debt 37 US 57, 74 Hills, John 168 HMRC, income survey 5–6 hoarding 135–6, 144 home ownership 33, 52, 110, 111 see also housing homelessness 93 see also housing immigration, top 10% attitudes towards 6, 16, 42, 43 income distribution 133, 168 misconceptions around 1–4 Palma ratio 22–3 UK breakdown, 2019/20 7 income from capital 33–4 income tax 178–9, 181 Indian ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 inequalities 53, 77–8, 92–3, 100–23, 129–30, 153–4, 165–6, 183 and the COVID-19 pandemic 127 and education 17, 100–1, 117–19, 136 and employment 17, 100, 107–9 global 177 growth of 14, 32–3 healthcare 112–14, 138, 139 higher education 17, 100, 117–19 housing 17, 100, 107–9, 133–4 intergenerational 14, 17, 100, 109, 111–12, 117–18 labour market 60–1 and politics 87 private sector responsibility 69–71 and the top 10% 8, 17, 101–23 and the ‘undeserving’ 148–50 inflation 101, 105 Inflation Reduction Act 2022, US 169 informal work 56–7 inheritance, and housing inequality 111 Institute for Fiscal Studies 26, 105 Institute for Government 104 insulation 125–7, 130, 144 interdependence 175–6 Intergenerational Commission 118 intergenerational inequalities 14, 17, 100, 109, 111–12, 117–18 International Labour Organization 56 interview panels 40 239 Uncomfortably Off IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 114 Ireland 5, 13, 33, 155 isolation 127–31, 131, 144, 150–1 Ivy League universities, US 57 J jobs see employment Johnson, Boris 11, 26, 76, 84, 87, 97, 119, 121 Johnson, Paul 105 Jones, Owen 133, 148 K Kawachi, I. 116–17 key workers 127, 144, 150, 165 Khan, Shamus 152–3 King’s Fund 138 Kwarteng, Kwasi 3, 105 L labour market 60–1, 79–80 Labour Party/ Labour 1, 2, 44, 76, 80, 82–3, 84, 85, 89, 120, 122, 180, 194 New Labour 9, 78, 85 Lamont, Michèle 44–5 land values 110 Lansley, Stewart 112, 114, 151 Laurison, Daniel 27, 29, 31, 40, 57 Lawson, Neal 154 Le Pen, Marine 96, 98 left, the and Brahmins 41 social attitudes of the top 10% 16, 4 2 LGBTQ+ people, top 10% attitudes towards 43 Liberal Democrat Party 76, 84, 85, 86, 102, 120 liberalism small-l liberalism 96, 98, 182 life expectancy 79, 115, 138 Lindner, Christian 169 living standards 23–4 see also cost of living crisis local government 81–3, 117 local politics 81, 82–3 low-wage work 62, 127 luck 48, 59, 61 luxury consumption, and climate change 114–15 Lynch, Mick 178 M Major, John 60 Make Votes Matter 84 management consultants 47, 59, 70, 86, 90, 108, 126, 130, 147 Mandler, Peter 148 manners elite 45 market failures 105–7, 141 marketisation 137–9 Markovits, D. 20 Marmot reports, 2010 and 2020 115–16, 117 Mason, Paul 142 May, Theresa 84, 87 Mazzucato, Mariana 173–4 mean-tested benefits 77, 93–4, 159 media control of 120 as members of the top 10% 5, 26 Members of Parliament (MPs) 5, 76 men community involvement 70 see also gender mental health anxiety 72, 130, 135, 150, 165 depression 130, 150 higher education 73 unequal societies 130 working hours reduction 171 Merchants 38, 41–2, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 61, 65, 68, 69, 72, 73, 88–9, 96, 98, 160, 162, 174 meritocracy 6, 11, 18, 19, 20, 39, 47, 58, 65, 68, 74, 100, 109, 111, 118, 146–9, 165, 170, 181, 184–5, 186 middle class 33, 39, 40, 133, 136, 148 Mijs, Jonathan 118, 155–6, 156–7 Milanovic, Branco 14, 34 Millennials 17, 100, 117, 118 minority rights, top 10% attitudes towards 6, 43 mobility 17–18, 124–5, 144, 148, 167 money, cultural taboos around 3 money elite 45 monopolies 140 and energy market failure 106–7 morals elite 45 mortgages 33, 52, 106, 110 MPs (Members of Parliament) 5, 76 multinational companies, taxation of 180 Murdoch, Rupert 120 N NatCen Social Research 24, 39 National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers 178 240 Index Nationality and Borders Bill 2021 120 neoliberalism 142 net zero 174, 176–7 networking 63 see also social capital New Labour see Labour Party/Labour NFTs (non-fungible tokens) 143–4 NHS 91, 94, 116, 137, 138, 170 Nietzsche, F. 46 Nixon, B. 82 Northern Ireland 121 O Obama, Barack 96 occupation see employment Occupy movement 181 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) data 23, 31 Office for National Statistics (ONS) 24, 29 offshoring 79, 109, 158 Olson, Dan 144 online shopping, and the COVID-19 pandemic 134 online working see working from home ONS (Office for National Statistics) 24, 29 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data 23, 31 overwork 69, 75 see also working hours Oxford Brookes University 29 Oxford University 28–9, 119 P Pakistani ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 Palma ratio 22–3 Parra, Nicanor 32 Parsons, Tony 3 participation, political 80–5, 172–3 ‘partygate’ scandal 76 Paugam, Serge 49–50 pensions, state 138 performance management 72 Personal Independence Payment 79 PFIs (private finance initiatives) 139 Piketty, Thomas 5, 14, 31, 38, 41, 42, 113, 180 Polanski, Jack 178 polarisation, political 14, 85–6, 98, 102, 172 Policing Bill 2021 120 politicians, as members of the top 10% 5, 26 politics 76–99, 181 centre ground 85–8 contemporary context 77–80 party membership 82–3, 84 political change 184–5 political participation 80–5, 172–3 political polarisation 14, 85–6, 98, 102, 172 political reform 172–3 and trust 76, 82 populism 11, 14, 16, 76, 77, 98, 102 positionality of authors 8–11 poverty 59, 78, 93, 151, 174, 175 child poverty 170 and education 118 and the ‘undeserving’ 148–50 precarity, of employment 61, 107–9 presenteeism 64 private education 54, 118–19, 136, 137, 147–8, 159, 162, 167, 170, 182 school fees 26, 33, 35, 36, 37 and social capital 60, 118 see also education private finance initiatives (PFIs) 139 private healthcare 116, 137, 140, 159, 167–8, 182 see also healthcare private sector 19–20 corporate sector 46, 51, 59, 64, 65–6, 67–8, 71, 88–9, 108, 128, 153 financial sector 51–2, 88–9 insecurity in 109 involvement in public services 139, 170 raising expectations of 171 privatisation excess profits of privatised companies 101 of utility companies 177–8 professionals anti-elitist attitudes towards 12, 46, 96 professionals and managers 24, 25, 26–8, 39, 55 see also top 10% property tax 180–1 protest, right of 120 Protestant work ethic 50 public sector employment 109 public services 159, 173 cuts in 78–9, 105, 117, 170 destigmatisation of 170 and marketisation 137–8 private sector involvement in 139, 170 and the top 10% 8, 19, 56, 77, 91–2, 138–9, 140, 144, 159, 163, 166–8, 183 universal 56, 77, 93–5, 144, 159 241 Uncomfortably Off Putnam, Robert 81, 129, 157, 158 Q Question Time, BBC 1, 2, 181 R race and ethnic origin and inclusivity 152–3 and social mobility 58 of the top 10% 8, 30 Raworth, Kate 135 redistribution 139, 161, 163, 182 top 10% attitudes towards 6, 42, 42, 43, 77 Reed, Howard 151 Reich, Robert 141 relocation see mobility renewable energy 141 see also climate change; energy costs Resolution Foundation 2, 34, 112, 163 rich, the see top 1%; top 10% richness 47 right, the 16 and Brexit 102 centre right 89, 97 and control of the media 121 far right 15, 97–8 and Merchants 41 political attitudes of the top 10% 16, 42 rights and responsibilities 158–60 Rivera, Lauren 57, 119 Rosa, Hartmut 129 Rothermere, Lord 120 Russell Group universities 57 Russia-Ukraine war 76, 104, 105–6 S Saez, E. 31 Salvini, Matteo 98 same-sex marriage, top 10% attitudes towards 6, 16, 42 Sandbu, Martin 179 Sandel, Michael 142, 150–1 Sanders, Bernie 96 Savage, Mike 183 savings levels of the top 10% 36 school fees, private education 26, 33, 35, 36, 37 Schor, Juliet 171 Scotland, devolved government 121 Scottish Greens 121 Scottish National Party 121 self-respect, and employment 55–6 Sherman, Rachel 35, 45–6 Shrubsole, Guy 110 ‘sink’ schools 137 Sinn Féin 121 small-l liberalism 96, 98, 182 ‘smart’ working 64 social capital decline in 157–8 and private education 60, 118 social care 117 low pay of care workers 103 market failure in 107 Social Democratic Party of Germany, Programme for the Future 159 social media ‘echo chambers’ 128 social mobility 19, 28, 36, 57–9 downward 14, 36, 73, 136, 152, 162, 182 children of the top 10% 31–2, 162 income and status insecurity 51–2 and education 58–60 meritocracy 6 and networking 63 structural barriers to 62 upward 18, 36, 50, 64, 136 Social Mobility Commission 60 social reproduction 135–7 social security top 10% attitudes towards 77 see also welfare benefits; welfare state society, attitudes to impact of work on 65–71, 74–5 sociological imagination 13, 49, 128, 160 solidarity 94, 127, 142, 157, 158, 159, 170 ‘somewheres’ 96 Soper, Kate 74 Spain 5, 73, 149, 155, 169 stamp duty 110–11 Starmer, Keir 87 state, the 161 raising expectations of 173–6 top 10% attitudes towards 91–5, 92 state education 36, 60, 119, 136, 137, 148, 170 status and employment 55–7, 68, 74 status anxiety and insecurity 14, 51–2, 135, 165 Stevenson, Gary 15 stigma, and unemployment 56 Streib, Jessi 31–2 structure 49 student debt 37 suburbia 40 Summers, A. 179, 180 Sutton Trust 29 Sweden 5, 23, 155 242 Index T tactical voting 172–3 taxation 97, 161, 163, 164, 178–81, 182 corporation tax 105–6, 113, 180 council tax 110, 180 income tax 2, 105–6, 178–9, 181, 185 property tax 180–1 stamp duty 110–11 tax avoidance/evasion 178, 181 tax cuts 169 tax fraud 181 top 10% attitudes towards 8, 42, 43, 77, 88–91, 92 Truss government tax cuts 105–6 wealth tax 179 windfall taxes, energy industry 177 technology and acceleration of the pace of life 129 automation 79, 158, 160 Thatcher, Margaret 105, 180 third sector, as members of the top 10% 5 Thomas, Mark 120 top 1% 2, 4, 13, 14, 15, 32, 41, 52, 64, 65, 93, 126, 128, 162 and employment 58–9 enabling of 131–4 inequality in 155 top 10% 4–7, 8, 11–13, 18, 33 accumulation and hoarding 135–6, 144 and austerity policies 1, 11, 13, 16 barriers to sense of belonging 18, 146–60 collective denial 139–42 contradictory isolation of 53–4 cost of living pressures 14, 15 and the COVID-19 pandemic 13, 15, 18, 127 furlough and business support schemes 15, 104, 126–7, 128, 151 cultural attitudes 42, 84 demographic profile 8 economic attitudes 6, 8, 11, 16, 18–19, 42, 42, 77, 92–3, 161–4 education 28–9, 30–1 employment 6, 16, 24, 25, 26–8, 55–75 enabling the wealthy 131–4 future prospects for 34–7, 95–9, 98, 182-7 gender profile 8, 29–30 HMRC income data 5–6 income and status insecurity 14, 51–2 inequalities 8, 17, 101–23 insulation 125–7, 130, 144 internal diversity of 32 isolation/lack of awareness of others’ lives 45–6, 49–50, 127–31, 131, 150–1, 154–7, 164–6 location 8, 29 and marketisation 137–9 and meritocracy 6, 11, 18, 19, 20, 39, 47, 58, 65, 68, 74, 100, 109, 111, 118, 146–9, 165, 170, 181, 184–5, 186 mobility 17–18, 124–5, 144, 148 overview and profile of 13–15, 21–37, 154–5 perceptions of income distribution 38, 47–51 political attitudes 8, 16–17, 42, 76–99 political participation 80–5 political influence of 5, 11, 76 and public services 8, 19, 56, 77, 91–2, 138–9, 140, 144, 159, 163, 166–8, 183 qualitative analysis of 15–16, 38–54 race and ethnic origin 8, 30 response to social and economic pressures 17–18, 124–45 rights and responsibilities 158–60 and the role of the state 91–5, 92 savings levels 36 social attitudes 6, 8, 16, 18–19, 42, 65–71, 77, 92, 92–3, 161–3, 164–6 social reproduction 135–7 uncertainty and insecurity of 68–9 Törmälehto, Veli-Matti 36–7 Toynbee, P. 89 trade unions 165, 172 membership 72, 157, 158, 163 Trump, Donald 11, 47, 96, 97, 98 Truss, Liz 105, 141, 186 Trussell Trust 175 trust 130–1 and politics 76, 82 Trust for London 23–4 U UBI (Universal Basic Income) 160 UK devolved government 121 Palma ratio 23 UKIP 87 Ukraine-Russia war 76, 104, 105–6 ‘undeserving,’ the 23, 148–50, 163 see also ‘deserving’, the 243 Uncomfortably Off unemployment 56 welfare benefits 138 Universal Basic Income (UBI) 160 universal welfare benefits 93, 168 see also welfare benefits universal public services 56, 77, 93–5, 144, 159 see also public services universities/university education 30–1, 58, 136, 147–8, 183 elite 17, 26, 28–9, 73, 74, 100 and employment 57, 61 inequalities 17, 100, 117–19 mental health issues 73 post-1992 28 and social capital 118 student debt 37 US 57, 74 Unlock Democracy 83 unpaid work 56, 150, 175–6 upper class 38–9, 133 upper-middle class 4, 16, 27, 31–2, 38–54, 39 see also top 10% upward orientation 35, 45–6, 47, 50, 51 upward social mobility 18, 36, 50, 64, 136 US and the COVID-19 pandemic 141 downward social mobility 31–2 elitism in higher education 150–1 employment and social class 57 inequalities and social segregation 156–7 Inflation Reduction Act 2022 169 middle class 33 universities/university education 57, 74 utility companies, privatisation of 177–8 V volunteering 69, 70–1 W Walker, D. 89 water industry, privatisation of 178 wealth distribution of 142 enabling of the wealthy 131–4 historical accumulation of 113 inequalities 112–14 unequal distribution of 14 wealth tax 179 Weber, Max 50 welfare benefits 138, 159–60, 167–8 cuts in 78, 79, 169 increasing of in line with inflation, 2022 175 mean-tested 77, 93–4, 159 universal 93, 168 welfare state 167, 174 anti-welfare attitudes 42, 42–3 top 10% attitudes towards 42, 93–4 and the ‘undeserving’ 149–50 see also public services well-off, the social attitudes and perceptions of 21–2 see also top 1%; top 10% White ethnicity, in the top 10% 30 Whitmarsh, Lorraine 114 Whyte, William 55–6 Williams, Zoe 134, 178 women anti-exclusion policies 43 community involvement 70 gender pay gap 30 life expectancy, decrease in 115 and online working 64 top 10% 8, 29–30 trade union membership 72 unpaid work 56, 150, 175–6 working class, and employment 57 see also gender Woodward, A. 116–17 work hard work 55, 61–73 see also employment work-life balance 18, 171 working class 24, 39, 148 and Brexit 101–2 and employment 57 working from home 27, 64, 104, 126, 128, 165 working hours 64 reduction in 171 World Bank 47 World Inequality Database 13, 32, 54 Wren-Lewis, Simon 78–9, 90 Y yellow vest (gilets jaunes) movement, France 115 Young, Michael 184–5 Younge, Gary 181 Z Zahawi, Nadim 107 244 

Cities Under Siege: The New Military Urbanism
by Stephen Graham
Published 30 Oct 2009

Militarization, massive reconstructive reinvestment and a supposed humanitarian agenda (bombs dropped alongside care packages on Kabul) all feed into this strategy of city building.’111 In this way, military destruction and forcible appropriation can act as agents of rapid creative destruction. This in turn provides major opportunities for privatization, for gentrification, and for the appropriation of assets through global stock markets. It follows that, in analyzing our ‘colonial present’, we face the challenge of simultaneously addressing the macro-political economies of what David Harvey calls ‘accumulation by dispossession’112 through economies of permanent war, and developing a sophisticated understanding of the everyday tactics and strategies of urban control and urbicide.

…

‘The neoliberal climate is such that it has become an accepted urban policy not to solve the problems of the poor neighbourhoods and poor people but to annihilate those places through either sophisticated or brutal tactics’, writes Guy Baeten.32 ‘Predatory planning’ generates cycles of speculation, gentrification, rapid rent rises, and physical dispersal, subtle or unsubtle, all of which enable the attempted replacement of poor neighbourhoods by lucrative real estate, corporate, upscale or tourist zones.33 Thus the collective and mutualized risk-management strategies at the heart of the Keynesian welfare state are, in many cases, becoming undermined by the individualized culture of service allocation, preemptive risk assessment, and biographical tracking.34 Utopian dreams of an inclusive welfare society metamorphose into the realities of an exclusive society based on punitive, pre-emptive control.35 Drawing on right-wing anti-urbanism, a resurgent ‘inner city Orientalism’36 blames the pathologies of individuals or social classes within post-colonial metropoles for their own failures.

…

Now the purpose is to hone skills of occupation, counterinsurgency warfare, and urban remodelling via expeditionary, colonial war. A bizarre, reverse urban beauty contest emerges here – a mirror image to the more familiar marketing campaigns through which real cities parade themselves through gentrification, cultural planning, and boosterism. For the new training cities, the marks of success are decay, collapse, and squalor. A US squadron commander named Colonel James Cashwell reported recently, after an exercise in one such city within George Air Force base in California, that ‘the advantage of the base is that it is ugly, torn up, all the windows are broken [and trees] have fallen down in the street.

If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities
by Benjamin R. Barber
Published 5 Nov 2013

Segregation reflects power realities on both planets: “by dividing the city into physically separate racial zones, urban segregationists interpose four things—physical distance, physical obstacles, legal obstacles and people empowered to enforce the legal obstacles.”39 Despite the undeniable impact of forces helpful to integration, including civil rights legislation, the suburbanization of minorities, the complexifying effect of immigration on minority status, and the integrating force of gentrification, segregation persists, if in subtler and less definitive ways. Take for example, newly gated neighborhoods blocked off from major thoroughfares by traffic diversions; or gentrification in the name of integration that actually allows market forces to push poor people out. Thus, we have recently seen what Alan Ehrenhalt has understood as a restratification or “inversion” in which ghettos give way to postindustrial centers of upscale-living downtowns, while suburbs become ghettoized—trends obvious in Paris and Chicago alike.40 If the persistence of ghettos is the bad news, the city itself as a form of human community inherently inclined to integration is the good news.

…

A half-century ago, one-fifth of America’s urban neighborhoods had exactly zero black residents. Today, African-American residents can be found in 199 out of every 200 neighborhoods nationwide. The remaining neighborhoods are mostly in remote rural areas or in cities with very little black population.” They add that “gentrification and immigration have made a dent in segregation. While these phenomena are clearly important in some areas, the rise of black suburbanization explains much more of the decline in segregation.” http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/cr_66.htm. 46. Harvey, Spaces of Hope, p. 45. 47. James K.

The London Problem: What Britain Gets Wrong About Its Capital City
by Jack Brown
Published 14 Jul 2021

The capital needs to check its privilege’, Guardian, 25/6/16. 56.H. Pidd, ‘Don’t sneer at northerners for voting for Brexit – there are sound reasons’, Guardian, 9/12/16. 57.G. Clark & T. Moonen, World Cities and Nation States, op. cit., p.41. 58.Ibid. 59.R. Florida, The New Urban Crisis: Gentrification, Housing Bubbles, Growing Inequality, and What We Can Do About It (London: Oneworld, 2017), p.19. 60.G. Clark & T. Moonen, World Cities and Nation States, op. cit., p.15. 61.G. Rachman, ‘Urban-rural splits have become the great global divider’, Financial Times, 30/7/18; and D. Kopf, ‘The rural-urban divide is still the big story of American politics’, Quartz, 6/11/20. 62.YouGov/The Times Survey Results, YouGov, 11/11/20–12/11/20. 4.

Frommer's Portable California Wine Country
by Erika Lenkert
Published 8 May 2006

Helena and Calistoga. However, if you do veer off the highway, you’ll be surprised to discover a small but burgeoning community of more than 72,000 residents with the most cosmopolitan (relatively) atmosphere in the county and some of the most affordable accommodations in the valley. It is also in the process of gentrification, thanks to (relatively) affordable housing and new restaurants and attractions like Restaurant Budo and Copia: The American Center for Wine, Food & The Arts. Heading north on either Highway 29 or the Silverado Trail leads you to Napa’s wineries and the more idyllic pastoral towns beyond. Yountville, with an approximate population of 3,000, was founded by the first white American to settle in the valley, George Calvert Yount.

…

. & 800/464-6642 or 707/887-3300. www. farmhouseinn.com. 8 units. $195–$299 double. AE, MC, V. Amenities: Restaurant; unheated outdoor pool; spa; concierge; limited room service; massage; wireless Internet connections. In room: TV/VCR w/cable, fridge, coffeemaker (available upon request), hair dryer, iron. GUERNEVILLE Gentrification hasn’t caught up with the laid-back river life of this town. Thus, most of the options in Guerneville are on the oldschool funky side. However, you can find more choices than are listed here if you visit the area’s visitor center website, which offers an array of accommodations, ranging from camping to vacation rentals.

Ground Control: Fear and Happiness in the Twenty First Century City
by Anna Minton
Published 24 Jun 2009

As the area took off, local people and local businesses were displaced, creating a far more bland, commercialized part of the city, in place of the excitement of a few years previously. It is still a more interesting and diverse place than many nearby areas, but most of the artists who moved in and made the area take off can no longer afford to live there, as artists’ warehouses and local cafés are replaced by sleek lofts and pricey cocktail bars. To some, this is gentrification and is positive because it raises property prices. Others, like Urban Catalyst, point out that maintaining a more authentic and inclusive environment also sustains greater excitement. As a result of this debate, there has been an awful lot of talk about the ‘creative city’ and the importance of ‘creativity’ in places over the last few years.

…

Knopf, 1977, republished Penguin Books, 2002 Shearing, Clifford & Johnston, Les, Governing Security: Explorations in Policing and Justice, Routledge, 2003 Sinclair, Iain, London Orbital, Granta, 2002 Smith, Neil & Low, Setha, eds, The Politics of Public Space, Routledge, 2005 Smith, Neil, ‘Which New Urbanism? New York City and the Revanchist 1990s’, in R. Beauregard & S. Body-Gendrot, eds, The Urban Moment: Cosmopolitan Essays on the Late-20th Century City, Sage, 1999 Smith, Neil, The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, Routledge, 1996 Sorkin, Michael, ed., Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space, Hill & Wang, 1992 Steel, Carolyn, Hungry City, Chatto & Windus, 2008 Titmuss, Richard, Problems of Social Policy, HMSO, 1950 Wain, Neil, with Burney, Elizabeth, The ASBO: Wrong Turning, Dead End, Howard League for Penal Reform, 2007 Wilkinson, Richard, The Impact of Inequality: How to Make Sick Societies Healthier, Routledge, 2005 Zukin, Sharon, The Cultures of Cities, Blackwell Publishing, 1995 REPORTS Ball, Kirstie & Wood, David Murakami, eds, ‘A Report on the Surveillance Society: For the Information Commissioner’, Surveillance Studies Network, 2006 Crawford, Adam & Lister, Stuart, The Use and Impact of Dispersal Orders: Sticking Plasters and Wake-Up Calls, University of Leeds, published for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Policy Press, 2007 Department for Communities and Local Government, Housing Market Renewal, National Audit Office, 2007 Department for Transport, Manual for Streets, 2007 Design Guide for Residential Areas, Essex County Council, 1973 Duffy, Bobby, Wake, Rhonda, Burrows, Tamara & Bremner, Pamela, Closing the Gaps: Crime and Public Perceptions, Ipsos MORI, 2007 Eades, Chris, Grimshaw, Roger, Silvestri, Arianna & Solomon, Enver, ‘Knife Crime’: A Review of Evidence and Policy, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, second edition, 2008 Hills, John, Ends and Means: The Future Roles of Social Housing in England, Economic and Social Research Council, Research Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, CASE report 34, 2007 Holland, Caroline, Clark, Andrew, Katz, Jeanne & Peace, Sheila, Social Interactions in Urban Public Places, Open University, published for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Policy Press, 2007 Hough, Mike, Millie, Andrew, Jacobson, Jessica & McDonald, Eraina, Anti-Social Behaviour Strategies: Finding a Balance, Policy Press, 2005 Labour Party, A Quiet Life: Tough Action on Criminal Neighbours, 1995 LDDC Monograph, ‘Attracting Investment, Creating Value’, Establishing a Property Market, 1998 Minton, Anna & Jones, Sarah, Generation Squalor: Shelter’s National Investigation into the Housing Crisis, Shelter, 2005 Minton, Anna, Building Balanced Communities: The US and UK Compared, Royal Insitution of Chartered Surveyors, 2002 Minton, Anna, Mind the Gap: Tackling Social Polarization through Balanced Communities, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 2004 Minton, Anna, Northern Soul, Demos & Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 2003 Minton, Anna, What Kind of World are We Building?

Underground, Overground
by Andrew Martin
Published 13 Nov 2012

Christian Wolmar notes: The squares near Ladbroke Grove station … never managed to attract the kind of people for which they were designed and sank rapidly into multiple occupation, becoming almost as bad as the nearby rookeries of north-west Kensington. It was only with the gentrification process which started a hundred years later, in the 1970s, that these squares started to attract the class for which they had been built. People who’d been with me at university in the early Eighties were part of that gentrification process, and I associate it with the smell of dope smoke floating through the shabby-genteel house bordering the H & C. As for Hammersmith itself, that’s now a transport hub, but unfortunately cars were invited to the party, so the centre is a roaring roundabout.

The Vanishing Neighbor: The Transformation of American Community
by Marc J. Dunkelman
Published 3 Aug 2014

Joseph, 24 McCarthyism, 4 McGrath, Charles, 5–6 McLuhan, Marshall, 16, 141, 142 macro level vs. micro level, 9–11, 40–41 Madison, James, 82, 139 magazines, 36, 37, 71 Making a New Deal (Cohen), 203 Manchester, 166–67 Mandelbaum, Michael, 141–42 Man in the Gray Flannel Suit, The (Wilson), 4 manufacturing, 15, 18, 19, 53, 166, 170–71 marriage, 28–31, 68–71, 74, 101, 147, 219 gay, 42, 50, 69 interracial, 68 Marsden, Peter, 119–20 marshmallow test, 214–15, 216, 218, 219, 222 Marty, Martin, 238 Mary Mac’s Tea Room, 136–37 Maslow, Abraham, 61–62, 66, 114, 126, 138 Massey, Doug, 40–41, 43 mass market, 15, 40 Master of the Senate (Caro), 187 matchmaking services, 69–70 materialism, material concerns, 41, 55, 70, 85 Meals on Wheels, 208, 209 Meaney, Michael, 223 media, 184, 186, 187–88 expansion of, 35–37 Medicaid, 201, 203–4 Medicare, xv, 198, 199, 201–30 Medici effect, 163–74, 176, 219 as “valuable inefficiency,” 168 medicine, 31, 58–59, 197, 199–200, 207–8, 229 Mexico, 197–98 Miami Heat, 8–9, 11 middle, failure to understand, 9–11 middle class, 28, 50, 54, 55, 58, 60, 128, 139, 144, 178, 191, 222, 225, 227, 238–39 gentrification and, 56 income inequality and, 22–23 in 1950s, 3–4 middle-ring relationships, xvii, 94, 97–98, 100, 109, 131, 134–38, 150, 169, 174, 193, 218, 219, 232, 233–34 global village and, 142–43 health care and, 201, 202, 204, 208, 210 social capital removed from, 113–26, 129, 138–39, 143, 145, 148, 189–90, 208, 213, 239 trust and, 134, 135 migrations, U.S. defined by, 82–83 militaries, 94, 217 Miller, Conrad, 179–81 Mischel, Walter, 214–16 mobility, 17, 21–26 physical, 24–25, 39–40, 104, 105 social, 21–24, 26, 226 Moffit, Terrie, 215 money, xvi, xvii, 54, 75, 100, 187 Morrison, Toni, 79–80, 135 mother(s), 12, 106, 130–31 of author, 133, 134 motive, 12–13, 49, 51, 59, 62, 73, 74, 75, 98, 212, 213 MSNBC, 184, 187–88 multistrandedness, 96 Mumford, Lewis, 31–32, 82–83, 201 Murray, Charles, 45, 48, 142, 144, 191, 238, 250n Murray Hill, N.J., 164 names, remembering, 91–92 narcissism, 73, 111 National Institutes of Health, 203–4 needs, 71, 195 basic, 61, 62, 67–68 hierarchy of, 61–62, 66, 70, 72, 75, 101, 114, 126, 138 neighborhoods, 22, 24, 74, 79–87, 99, 101, 110, 117, 127, 129, 139, 142, 145–51, 153, 166, 168, 171–72, 189–90, 194, 213, 232, 236, 239 Chinatown Bus effect and, 46–49 collective efficacy of, 149–51 gentrification of, 56 health care and, 201, 210 social isolation in, 118–19 neighborliness, 130, 142, 144, 195 networked community, 143–53, 168–76, 191, 194–95, 217, 235–41 health care and, 210–11 networked individualism, 111 network theory, 95 New Deal, 201, 203, 210, 230 New England, xii, 81 news, 74, 184, 186, 187–88, 194 access to, 18, 20, 35–36 newspapers, 18, 24–25, 35–36, 148, 152, 188 New York, N.Y., 19, 84, 128, 176, 230 Chinatown in, 33–35 Diamond District in, 98–99, 135 Jacobs’s views on, 85–86, 166, 167–68 New York Times, xiv, 27, 38, 46, 54–55, 59, 182, 229 New York Times Book Review, 5–6 New York Times Magazine, 64 niches, 36, 40, 41, 44–45, 73–74 affirmation and, 107–8, 110–11 Nichols, Mike, 4, 248n Nie, Norman, 125 1950s, 3–6, 32, 50, 52, 60, 114, 115, 127, 138, 139, 248n conformity in, 4–5, 65, 73, 74 family routines in, 58 fantasy view of, 3, 51 membership associations in, 130–31 1960s, 70–71, 248n social trust in, 135 upheavals of, 6, 68, 87, 108–9, 128 Nisbet, Robert, 194 North American Free Trade Agreement, 197–98 nostalgia, ix–x, 51, 72, 146, 182–83 nuclear war, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 60 nursing homes, 197, 200, 202, 206–7 Obama, Barack, 24, 37–38, 42, 59, 146, 186, 205, 210 Occupy movement, 109–10 Office, The (TV show), 131 Ogle, Richard, 162 Olds, Jacqueline, 130 Olympic Games (2014), 178 online buying, 41, 69–70 online communities, 114–15, 116, 145, 250n opportunity, 12–13, 26, 27, 32, 43, 49, 62, 69, 73, 74, 75, 98, 212, 213 affirmation and, 103, 108 optimism, 51, 82, 114, 236 Organization Man, The (Whyte), 5, 6, 138 organizations: new breed of, 116–18 voluntary, 80, 116, 118, 130–31, 187, 201, 228, 239 Osteen, Joel, 72, 238 other-directedness, 5–7 Our Best Life (Osteen), 72 outer-ring relationships, 96–97, 114–19, 137, 138–39, 143, 145, 147–48, 169, 173, 190, 204, 237, 238 affirmation and, 107–12, 115 online, 114–15, 121–22 Oxycodone epidemic, 147–48 Packer, George, 235, 236 Palin, Sarah, 206 Pariser, Eli, 37, 48, 176, 194–95 Park Forest, 4–5 Pasteur, Louis, 158–59, 174 Pauling, Linus, 161 PBS, 182, 192 pensions, 20, 205, 235–36 Perot, Ross, 197–98 Perry Preschool Project, 224 Pew Center for American Life, 250n Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 71 Pew Internet & American Life Project, 125 Pew Research Center, 106–7, 237 Pixar studio, 164–65 Planet Money (radio show), 180–81 Platinum Mile, 176 polio, 51, 52, 59 political science, 66–69, 141 politics, xiv–xvii, xix, 11, 15, 82, 101, 148, 181–95, 210, 229, 232 affirmation and, 108–10 Chinatown Bus effect and, 44, 47–48 culture wars and, 114 globalization and, 18 taste and, 37–38 polls, polling, 7, 29, 182, 226 deliberative, 192–93, 195 World Values Survey, 67–68, 73 Poole, Keith, 184 Porter, Eduardo, 255n potlikker, 136–37 poverty, 11, 22, 41, 43, 54, 62, 75, 146, 194, 201, 226, 255n in Brazil, 178, 267n urbanism and, 83, 216 prejudice, 88, 146, 148, 231 against homosexuals, 42, 43, 51 racial, 24, 39, 146 productivity, 19, 53, 167 progress, 24, 31, 35, 68, 75, 174, 238 progressives (the left), 11, 15, 23, 26, 31, 47, 148, 235 crime and, 56 Washington dysfunction and, 182, 184, 189, 190 property, 82, 179, 229 prosperity, 52–55, 57, 62, 67, 68–69, 72, 178, 230 psychology, Maslow’s influence in, 61–62 public policy, failure of, 22–23 Pulitzer, Joseph, 188 purchasing power, 53–54 Putnam, Robert, 7, 97, 99–100, 113–16, 119, 120, 141, 151–52, 170, 192 on social trust, 134–35 quality of life, 21, 50–62 affluence and, 52–55, 62, 72 health and, 31, 51, 52, 57–60 hierarchy of needs and, 61–62, 72 security and safety and, 52, 55–62, 72 Quest for Community, The (Nisbet), 194 race, 11, 32, 68, 79, 147, 148, 237 prejudice and, 24, 39, 146 see also African Americans racism, 4, 51 Radicalism of the American Revolution, The (Wood), xii, 81, 194 radio, 36, 37, 71, 133, 148, 152, 180–81 Rainie, Lee, 237 Rauch, Jonathan, 199 Raytheon, 165 Reagan, Ronald, 22 Real World, The (TV show), 63 rebels, 102–3, 127 religion, 29, 39, 48, 71–72, 74, 114, 147, 148, 231, 238 Republicans, 15, 37–38, 148, 182–85 retirement, 55, 60, 104–5, 197, 198, 204–5, 235–36 Riesman, David, 5–8, 12, 65, 73, 74, 213 Rock, Chris, 40 romance, 70, 71, 74 Romney, Mitt, 37–38 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 203 Rose, Charlie, 182 Rosenthal, Howard, 184 Rotary Clubs, 44, 45, 116 Rumspringa, 28–29, 30 Sachar, Abram L., 4 Saddleback Church, 72 Safford, Sean, xi, 97, 169–72 Sampson, Robert, 149–50 San Francisco, Calif., 129, 189 Santayana, George, 51 Saturn model, 95–98 see also intimate relationships; middle-ring relationships; outer-ring relationships Schmidt, Eric, 18 Schwartz, Richard, 130 Second Wave society, 16–17, 20, 23, 31–32, 48 mass market and, 40 membership organizations and, 44 townships in, 88, 89, 233 security and safety, 52, 55–62, 67, 68, 72, 133, 150 segregation, 40–41, 79, 237–38 self-actualization, 61, 72 self-control, 214–25 self-expression, 69, 71–72 self-fulfillment, 104, 261n self-interest, 183, 195 Senate, U.S., xvi, 184, 185, 186, 188, 191 service jobs, 18–19, 53, 132, 138, 236 settled horticultural societies, 92, 95 shopping, 25, 38–42, 49 shopping malls, 40, 41 Silicon Valley, 174, 175, 227, 237 Silver, Nate, 7 Skocpol, Theda, 44, 45, 116–18, 130, 201 smallpox, 157–58 social architecture, 232–34 in Barbados vs.

…

Joseph, 24 McCarthyism, 4 McGrath, Charles, 5–6 McLuhan, Marshall, 16, 141, 142 macro level vs. micro level, 9–11, 40–41 Madison, James, 82, 139 magazines, 36, 37, 71 Making a New Deal (Cohen), 203 Manchester, 166–67 Mandelbaum, Michael, 141–42 Man in the Gray Flannel Suit, The (Wilson), 4 manufacturing, 15, 18, 19, 53, 166, 170–71 marriage, 28–31, 68–71, 74, 101, 147, 219 gay, 42, 50, 69 interracial, 68 Marsden, Peter, 119–20 marshmallow test, 214–15, 216, 218, 219, 222 Marty, Martin, 238 Mary Mac’s Tea Room, 136–37 Maslow, Abraham, 61–62, 66, 114, 126, 138 Massey, Doug, 40–41, 43 mass market, 15, 40 Master of the Senate (Caro), 187 matchmaking services, 69–70 materialism, material concerns, 41, 55, 70, 85 Meals on Wheels, 208, 209 Meaney, Michael, 223 media, 184, 186, 187–88 expansion of, 35–37 Medicaid, 201, 203–4 Medicare, xv, 198, 199, 201–30 Medici effect, 163–74, 176, 219 as “valuable inefficiency,” 168 medicine, 31, 58–59, 197, 199–200, 207–8, 229 Mexico, 197–98 Miami Heat, 8–9, 11 middle, failure to understand, 9–11 middle class, 28, 50, 54, 55, 58, 60, 128, 139, 144, 178, 191, 222, 225, 227, 238–39 gentrification and, 56 income inequality and, 22–23 in 1950s, 3–4 middle-ring relationships, xvii, 94, 97–98, 100, 109, 131, 134–38, 150, 169, 174, 193, 218, 219, 232, 233–34 global village and, 142–43 health care and, 201, 202, 204, 208, 210 social capital removed from, 113–26, 129, 138–39, 143, 145, 148, 189–90, 208, 213, 239 trust and, 134, 135 migrations, U.S. defined by, 82–83 militaries, 94, 217 Miller, Conrad, 179–81 Mischel, Walter, 214–16 mobility, 17, 21–26 physical, 24–25, 39–40, 104, 105 social, 21–24, 26, 226 Moffit, Terrie, 215 money, xvi, xvii, 54, 75, 100, 187 Morrison, Toni, 79–80, 135 mother(s), 12, 106, 130–31 of author, 133, 134 motive, 12–13, 49, 51, 59, 62, 73, 74, 75, 98, 212, 213 MSNBC, 184, 187–88 multistrandedness, 96 Mumford, Lewis, 31–32, 82–83, 201 Murray, Charles, 45, 48, 142, 144, 191, 238, 250n Murray Hill, N.J., 164 names, remembering, 91–92 narcissism, 73, 111 National Institutes of Health, 203–4 needs, 71, 195 basic, 61, 62, 67–68 hierarchy of, 61–62, 66, 70, 72, 75, 101, 114, 126, 138 neighborhoods, 22, 24, 74, 79–87, 99, 101, 110, 117, 127, 129, 139, 142, 145–51, 153, 166, 168, 171–72, 189–90, 194, 213, 232, 236, 239 Chinatown Bus effect and, 46–49 collective efficacy of, 149–51 gentrification of, 56 health care and, 201, 210 social isolation in, 118–19 neighborliness, 130, 142, 144, 195 networked community, 143–53, 168–76, 191, 194–95, 217, 235–41 health care and, 210–11 networked individualism, 111 network theory, 95 New Deal, 201, 203, 210, 230 New England, xii, 81 news, 74, 184, 186, 187–88, 194 access to, 18, 20, 35–36 newspapers, 18, 24–25, 35–36, 148, 152, 188 New York, N.Y., 19, 84, 128, 176, 230 Chinatown in, 33–35 Diamond District in, 98–99, 135 Jacobs’s views on, 85–86, 166, 167–68 New York Times, xiv, 27, 38, 46, 54–55, 59, 182, 229 New York Times Book Review, 5–6 New York Times Magazine, 64 niches, 36, 40, 41, 44–45, 73–74 affirmation and, 107–8, 110–11 Nichols, Mike, 4, 248n Nie, Norman, 125 1950s, 3–6, 32, 50, 52, 60, 114, 115, 127, 138, 139, 248n conformity in, 4–5, 65, 73, 74 family routines in, 58 fantasy view of, 3, 51 membership associations in, 130–31 1960s, 70–71, 248n social trust in, 135 upheavals of, 6, 68, 87, 108–9, 128 Nisbet, Robert, 194 North American Free Trade Agreement, 197–98 nostalgia, ix–x, 51, 72, 146, 182–83 nuclear war, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 60 nursing homes, 197, 200, 202, 206–7 Obama, Barack, 24, 37–38, 42, 59, 146, 186, 205, 210 Occupy movement, 109–10 Office, The (TV show), 131 Ogle, Richard, 162 Olds, Jacqueline, 130 Olympic Games (2014), 178 online buying, 41, 69–70 online communities, 114–15, 116, 145, 250n opportunity, 12–13, 26, 27, 32, 43, 49, 62, 69, 73, 74, 75, 98, 212, 213 affirmation and, 103, 108 optimism, 51, 82, 114, 236 Organization Man, The (Whyte), 5, 6, 138 organizations: new breed of, 116–18 voluntary, 80, 116, 118, 130–31, 187, 201, 228, 239 Osteen, Joel, 72, 238 other-directedness, 5–7 Our Best Life (Osteen), 72 outer-ring relationships, 96–97, 114–19, 137, 138–39, 143, 145, 147–48, 169, 173, 190, 204, 237, 238 affirmation and, 107–12, 115 online, 114–15, 121–22 Oxycodone epidemic, 147–48 Packer, George, 235, 236 Palin, Sarah, 206 Pariser, Eli, 37, 48, 176, 194–95 Park Forest, 4–5 Pasteur, Louis, 158–59, 174 Pauling, Linus, 161 PBS, 182, 192 pensions, 20, 205, 235–36 Perot, Ross, 197–98 Perry Preschool Project, 224 Pew Center for American Life, 250n Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 71 Pew Internet & American Life Project, 125 Pew Research Center, 106–7, 237 Pixar studio, 164–65 Planet Money (radio show), 180–81 Platinum Mile, 176 polio, 51, 52, 59 political science, 66–69, 141 politics, xiv–xvii, xix, 11, 15, 82, 101, 148, 181–95, 210, 229, 232 affirmation and, 108–10 Chinatown Bus effect and, 44, 47–48 culture wars and, 114 globalization and, 18 taste and, 37–38 polls, polling, 7, 29, 182, 226 deliberative, 192–93, 195 World Values Survey, 67–68, 73 Poole, Keith, 184 Porter, Eduardo, 255n potlikker, 136–37 poverty, 11, 22, 41, 43, 54, 62, 75, 146, 194, 201, 226, 255n in Brazil, 178, 267n urbanism and, 83, 216 prejudice, 88, 146, 148, 231 against homosexuals, 42, 43, 51 racial, 24, 39, 146 productivity, 19, 53, 167 progress, 24, 31, 35, 68, 75, 174, 238 progressives (the left), 11, 15, 23, 26, 31, 47, 148, 235 crime and, 56 Washington dysfunction and, 182, 184, 189, 190 property, 82, 179, 229 prosperity, 52–55, 57, 62, 67, 68–69, 72, 178, 230 psychology, Maslow’s influence in, 61–62 public policy, failure of, 22–23 Pulitzer, Joseph, 188 purchasing power, 53–54 Putnam, Robert, 7, 97, 99–100, 113–16, 119, 120, 141, 151–52, 170, 192 on social trust, 134–35 quality of life, 21, 50–62 affluence and, 52–55, 62, 72 health and, 31, 51, 52, 57–60 hierarchy of needs and, 61–62, 72 security and safety and, 52, 55–62, 72 Quest for Community, The (Nisbet), 194 race, 11, 32, 68, 79, 147, 148, 237 prejudice and, 24, 39, 146 see also African Americans racism, 4, 51 Radicalism of the American Revolution, The (Wood), xii, 81, 194 radio, 36, 37, 71, 133, 148, 152, 180–81 Rainie, Lee, 237 Rauch, Jonathan, 199 Raytheon, 165 Reagan, Ronald, 22 Real World, The (TV show), 63 rebels, 102–3, 127 religion, 29, 39, 48, 71–72, 74, 114, 147, 148, 231, 238 Republicans, 15, 37–38, 148, 182–85 retirement, 55, 60, 104–5, 197, 198, 204–5, 235–36 Riesman, David, 5–8, 12, 65, 73, 74, 213 Rock, Chris, 40 romance, 70, 71, 74 Romney, Mitt, 37–38 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 203 Rose, Charlie, 182 Rosenthal, Howard, 184 Rotary Clubs, 44, 45, 116 Rumspringa, 28–29, 30 Sachar, Abram L., 4 Saddleback Church, 72 Safford, Sean, xi, 97, 169–72 Sampson, Robert, 149–50 San Francisco, Calif., 129, 189 Santayana, George, 51 Saturn model, 95–98 see also intimate relationships; middle-ring relationships; outer-ring relationships Schmidt, Eric, 18 Schwartz, Richard, 130 Second Wave society, 16–17, 20, 23, 31–32, 48 mass market and, 40 membership organizations and, 44 townships in, 88, 89, 233 security and safety, 52, 55–62, 67, 68, 72, 133, 150 segregation, 40–41, 79, 237–38 self-actualization, 61, 72 self-control, 214–25 self-expression, 69, 71–72 self-fulfillment, 104, 261n self-interest, 183, 195 Senate, U.S., xvi, 184, 185, 186, 188, 191 service jobs, 18–19, 53, 132, 138, 236 settled horticultural societies, 92, 95 shopping, 25, 38–42, 49 shopping malls, 40, 41 Silicon Valley, 174, 175, 227, 237 Silver, Nate, 7 Skocpol, Theda, 44, 45, 116–18, 130, 201 smallpox, 157–58 social architecture, 232–34 in Barbados vs.

Squeezed: Why Our Families Can't Afford America
by Alissa Quart
Published 25 Jun 2018

Fischer, “Reversal of Fortune,” Boston Review, June 20, 2016, https://bostonreview.net/us/claude-fischer-reversal-fortune-urbanization-gentrification. urban scholar David “DJ” Madden: David Madden and Peter Marcuse, In Defense of Housing: The Politics of Crisis (New York: Verso, 2016). Rent stabilization and control: Rent control started in New York City in 1969 when rents really began to jack up in postwar buildings; today one million apartments are covered by these guidelines, which protect tenants from big rent increases. Some think that rent stabilization helps create a fairer housing market, protecting it from gentrification. Others argue that the price cap on these dwellings reduces supply, thus raising prices around the stabilized or controlled units.

Everything for Everyone: The Radical Tradition That Is Shaping the Next Economy
by Nathan Schneider
Published 10 Sep 2018

When they got back, they could be heard asking each other, “What time is it on the clock of the world?” Occupy’s co-op affinity was only part of a revival in the United States during the Great Recession. Move-your-money campaigns turned disgust with the big banks into new accounts at credit unions. Real estate investment co-ops organized to turn the tide of urban gentrification. But the most fervent hope was reserved for worker co-ops. The New York City Network of Worker Cooperatives was founded in 2009; it became part of the US Federation of Worker Cooperatives, which was itself only five years old then. NYC NOWC, pronounced “nick knock,” proved an effective lobbyist, and by 2014, its coalition had convinced the city council to fund $1.2 million in worker co-op development, particularly in immigrant communities—which has since grown to millions more.

…

Lots are empty and overgrown, right in the shadow of the refurbished King Edward Hotel. Poverty lurks; opportunity for renewal beckons. And right there, at the gateway of this boarded-up frontier, is a one-story former day-care building painted red, green, and black: the Chokwe Lumumba Center for Economic Democracy and Development. Standing guard against the gentrification en route, this became the most visible remnant of the late mayor’s four-decade legacy in the city. Lumumba first arrived in Mississippi when he was twenty-three years old, in 1971. He had been born Edwin Finley Taliaferro in Detroit, but like many who entered black nationalist movements in the 1960s, he relinquished his European names and took African ones—each, in his case, with connotations of anticolonial resistance.

Rough Sleepers: Dr. Jim O'Connell's Urgent Mission to Bring Healing to Homeless People
by Tracy Kidder
Published 17 Jan 2023

She was plucky and determined, given to saying, “Heaven don’t want me, and Hell’s afraid I’ll take over.” In fact, she was dying when Jim took the photo, and as he now explained to the silent crowd, she was also in the process of being evicted from the apartment she had rented, her home for nine years. Gentrification was spreading all over Boston. Real estate developers had bought the building in the working-class neighborhood where Rebecca lived. They planned to turn the place into condos. They’d offered to sell her the apartment, for $245,000. She’d actually tried to find a way to raise the money. Beckie had managed to stave off the inevitable for a while, but a week after Jim took that last photo, Rebecca received her official eviction notice.

…

It was easier for some groups to become homeless than others, and for everyone trapped in it, the state of homelessness was poverty in its most visible, savage, and lethal form. Homelessness was fed by racism, income inequality, and a cascade of other related forces. These included insufficient investments in public housing, as well as tax and zoning codes that had spurred widespread gentrification and driven up rents. Many poor and moderately poor Americans lived with the fear of losing housing, which can itself harm bodies and minds as well as social relations in families. One recent study had found that “unstable housing” was accompanied by a twofold increase in diabetic emergencies.

Nomad Century: How Climate Migration Will Reshape Our World
by Gaia Vince
Published 22 Aug 2022

Kung peoples Kutupalong refugee camp, Bangladesh Kyrgyzstan Lagos Lake Chad Lammy, David land ownership language/linguistics; language classes for new arrivals; and nation state Laos Las Vegas Latin America: Amazon region; first nation states in; fragile social systems in; impact of climate emergency; mega-El Niño (1997–8); migrants in Parla, Spain; rivers fed by glaciers; rural to urban migration League of Nations Leipzig liberalism Libya Lima livestock farming: by drone; feeding of animals; impact of drought; inhumane treatment of animals; insects as feed; land and water used for; meat and dairy subsidies; need for huge reduction in Ljubljana, Slovenia locust plagues London Macau Maillard chemical reaction maize production, global Malacca Straits Malaysia Maldives Mali Manchester Mangroves Marijuana marine life: fish populations; impact of global warming; starved of oxygen by algae marshes Mayan civilization Mayors Migration Council McCarthy, Kate McCay, Adam McConnell, Ed Medellín, Colombia media, prejudice against migrants Mediterranean Mekong River Melbourne, Pixel Building Merkel, Angela Mesopotamia Met Office, UK, methane Mexico Mexico City Miami Micronesians Middle East migrant cities: the Arctic as new region for; charter cities option; and circulation of community resources; ‘climate haven’ cities; creation of entirely new cities; as cultural factories; environmental sustainability; evidence of decline of tribalism in; expanding existing cities; in the new north; planning future cities; repurposing/adaptation of; successful urban development/planning in; as synergistic; training for rural migrants; water-management infrastructure migrants/immigrants: arrival in family groups; ‘Bangla’ communities in London; contribution to global GDP; creation of active markets by; distinction between refugees and; dominant hostile narratives of in West; ‘economic migrant’ term; evidence of decline in hostility towards; harnessing potential of; immigrant inclusion programmes; as indentured labour; internal migration; Boris Johnson’s language on; language classes for; levels of patriotism of; living in slums/shanty towns; mentoring and support for; as percentage of global population; racist and prejudicial tropes about; returning to origin countries; seasonal; situations of appalling abuse/danger; state-sponsored support needed for migration: and advantageous genetic modifications; barriers to today; as benefitting everyone; controlled by city authorities; as deeply interwoven with cooperation; and diversified genes/culture; evidence of decline of anti-immigrant feeling; free movement ends in twentieth century; and historic climate change; historical; human displacement at record levels; inherited routes and channels; and mental illness; as not reduced by aid; reluctance to move; and skin colour; of stuff/resources; as survival strategy used widely in nature; as valid and essential part of human nature; world’s major cities created by migration, arguments against/fears around: fears around crime and violence; and jobs; long evolutionary roots to prejudice; in the media; populist politicians; pressure on inadequate host services; prospect of radical change; resting on true/pure national identity idea; security/terrorism issues; and welfare systems migration, climate-driven: Covid cooperation as hopeful example; due to flooding; and geopolitical mindset; global agreement on pathways needed; hypothetical scenarios/models enabling; as inevitable; Kiribati’s ‘migration with dignity’ programme; mass movement already under way; move to higher elevations; national and regional relocation schemes; need for strong nation-states; need to plan practically now; numbers affected today; predicted future numbers; and Refugee Convention (1951); risk of domination by wealthy elites; as solution not problem; speed of movement of climate niches; water issues to be main driver migration, urban; access to health and education; community sponsorship models; family retention of farmland; and intensive infrastructure development; as most effective route out of poverty; population fall due to; role of business in migrant integration; from rural areas; successful management of; as unplanned and iterative; in the West (1850–1910); and workforce shortages in global north Miller, David mineral supples/extraction mining industry Mongla (Bangladesh) Mongolian steppes Morocco Mumbai, mussels Myanmar Nairobi Nansen, Fridtjof nation state: Anderson’s ‘imagined communities’; claims that country is ‘too full’; first created by revolutionaries; and genetic variation; and geopolitical mindset; and language; leases/purchases of territory by; model as often failing; nationality as arbitrary line drawn on map; need for reinvention of; as norm after First World War; and system of borders; translocation of existing nation states National Health Service (UK) national identity: and anti-immigrant feeling; and bureaucracy; creation of first nation states; ethnic and cultural pluralism as the norm; evidence of decline of tribalism; feelings of loss of/decline; and ideology of nationalism; lack of political meaning before end of eighteenth century; nation state as norm after First World War; need to change immigration narrative; patriotism of welcomed migrants; predicated on mythology of homogeneity; and supranational identity; transition to pan-species identity Nauru Neanderthals negative emissions technologies Netherlands; Delta Programme; Energiesprong house insulation Neukölln (Berlin) New Orleans New Story (nonprofit) New York City; ‘Big U’ seawall project; NYCID programme New Zealand; Managed Retreat and Climate Adaptation Act Newtok, Alaska Nicaragua Niger, West Africa Nigeria nitrogen Noem, Kristi nomadic pastoralism Nordic nations Normans North Korea Northern Ireland Northwest Passage Norway Notre Dame, University of, Global Adaptation Initiative nuclear power; fusion reactor technology Nusantara (Borneo) Nuuk (Greenland) Obayashi (Japanese firm) oceans/seas: acidification; as energy source in north; and enhanced weathering techniques; global warming absorbed by; impact of 4° C-hotter world; impact of carbon emissions; jellyfish explosions; long-distance migratory voyages; marine heatwaves; and migratory raiders; Miocene Era sea levels; North Atlantic currents; Northwest Passage; nutrient and oxygen circulation; ocean fertilization; release of carbon dioxide; rise in sea levels; sea grasses; sourcing food from; toxic algae blooms oil industry OmniTrax (US freight company) Ottoman Turks Overjeria, Bolivian village Paine, Thomas Pakistan Palaeo-Eskimos, Canadian palaeontology Palestine Panama Papua New Guinea Paris climate meeting (2015) Parla (near Madrid) passports Patagonia Patel, Priti patriotism Pearl River Delta Peatlands people-traffickers Peri, Giovanni permafrost, infrastructure built on Persian Gulf Peru Pfizer vaccine Philippines; nurses from Philistines Photios of Constantinople Phuket, Thailand Phytoplankton plains/steppes plants/vegetation: destruction of by wildfires; genetic tools to help adaptation; grass verge areas; heat damage to crops; during last ice age; move to plant-based diet; planted to increase crop yields; replanting of; rooftop vegetation/gardens plastic waste Pleistocene epoch Poland political and socioeconomic systems: in Africa; benefits to democracy of migration; cooperation during Covid upheaval; corporate food system; democracy based on inclusiveness; development of governance systems; end of multinational empires; erosion in the powers of global bodies; failure over decarbonization; far-right political parties/groups; fossil fuels as embedded in; geopolitical constraints; geopolitical implications of farming’s shift north; global institutions with enforceable powers needed; and ideal temperature question; inequality as failure of policy; institutional bias over skin-colour; institutional trust levels; international diplomacy; move from feudalism to centralized monarchy; nation-state model spreads; need for global planning over migration; need for redistributive policies; need for strong nation-states; new regional unions option; pledge of ‘strong borders’ as vote-winner; possible new political institutions/structures; post-war institutions and inequality; strong/stable institutions in north; translocation of existing nation states; and transnational rivers/’water towers’; vested interests in the rich world; Westphalian state system pollinators pollution Polynesians populist politicians Portugal postcolonial diaspora poverty see inequality and poverty Próspera ZEDE (embryonic charter city) Prussia Puerto Rico Putin, Vladimir Pygmies Qatar race and ethnicity: and anti-immigrant feeling; deliberately prejudicial policies; and demographic change; European colonialism; fallacy of biological ‘race’; heat related inequalities; unconscious bias in society; white supremacists rain gardens rainfall: altering patterns of; captured by roof gardens/storage; seeding of clouds rare earth metals Raworth, Kate, Doughnut Economics, recycling Refugee Convention (1951) refugees: from Afghanistan; barred from working; Burmese Rohingya in Bangladesh; climate change not in legal definition of; distinction between migrants and; EU seeks quota system for; hostile rhetoric towards; judgemental terms used about; and Nansen passports; privately sponsored; from Syrian crisis (2015–16) see also asylum-seekers renewable power production: as adding to, not replacing, fossil fuels; artificial light delivered by LEDs; hybrid hydro-solar power concept; hydroelectric plants; as leading job creator; and net zero targets; phenomenal rise in; refrigerant units in global south; solar-powered closed-cycle farming; storage technology; zero-carbon new-builds Republic of the Congo restoring our planet’s habitability; biodiversity loss; ‘blue carbon’; climate change-biodiversity loss as linked; cooling of global temperatures; decarbonizing measures; enhanced weathering techniques; future repopulation of abandoned regions; genetic tools to help species adapt; as global, labour-intensive task; natural restoration after human abandonment; nature guardianship in tropical regions; need for speed; negative emissions technologies; ocean fertilization; paying communities to protect ecosystems; regenerative agriculture; replanting of vegetation; solar radiation reduction tools, see also geoengineering retail services rice; SRI cultivation process rivers: drying out of; fed by glaciers; heavier rainfall as increasing flows; lack of in Gulf region; pollution discharged into; transnational Roatan, Caribbean island of Rocky Mountains Rome, ancient Romer, Paul Rotterdam rural living: and depopulation crisis; flight from drought/heat hit areas; impact of flooding; massive abandonment of in coming decades; migration to urban areas; and population expansion in Africa; remittances from urban migrants; as single largest killer today; and water scarcity Russell, Bertrand Russia: and charter cities model; depopulation crisis; economic benefits from global heating; economic sanctions on; expansion of agriculture in; infrastructure built on permafrost; invasion of Ukraine (2022); mega-heatwave (2010); migrant workforce in east; as potential area for charter cities; small-scale modular nuclear reactors in; water resources in Rwanda: Hutus and Tutsis in; special protective zones in; and UK asylum-seeker plan Salla, Finnish town of sanitation Saudi Arabia Saunders, Doug Sawiris, Naguib Scandinavia scientific discovery Scotland sea grasses Seasteading movement Seven Dials, London sex industry Shanghai sharing/circular economy Shenzhen Shyaam a-Mbul Siberia silicates Silicon Valley Silk Road Singapore sinkholes Skellefteå, Sweden slavery Slovenia slum dwellers; conditions at Kutupalong refugee camp; in Lagos; in Lima; and urban heat island effect; vulnerability to flooding social class/hierarchies: and anti-migrant attitudes; barriers erected against migration of the poorest; despair and anger of ‘left behind’ natives; development of; and gentrification; middle class migrants; myth of meritocracy; prejudice as often defensive fear-based reaction social networks; benefits of trade; cities as focal points for trade; Dunbar number; entangled ancestries/identities; forged by migrants; and knowledge flow; loss due to gentrification; migrants in family groups; and mistrust of outsiders; need for inclusive governance; and reluctance to migrate; in slum areas; social clustering of migrants; synergy created by; and unjust hierarchies; welcoming of strangers to social services see welfare systems and social services socioeconomic system see political and socioeconomic systems soil: ‘biochar’ use in; biomatter decay in; as carbon store; impact of heat on; impact of wildfires on; integrated soil-system management in China; and overuse of fertilizers; and perennial cereals; use of silicates in solar power Solar Radiation Management Governance Initiative South Dakota South Korea Southern Ocean Soviet Union soya production Spain Spitalfields, London stateless persons Sudan sulphate cooling concept Sumerian civilization Sunak, Rishi Sweden Switzerland Syrian crisis (2015–16) Tabasco, Mexican state of Tabassum, Marina Tahiti Tajikistan Tanzania Tasmania textiles industry Thailand Thepdet, Supranee thermal wallpaper Thiel, Peter Thirty Years War Thwaites Glacier Tokyo Toltecs Tong, Anote Tourism trade and commerce; cities as focal points for networks; free movement of goods; free trade; global trade deals; origins and development of transport infrastructure: aviation; decarbonizing of; electric-powered vehicles; equitable access to; in global south; and limitations of battery weight; problems due to extreme heat; sail power as due a revival; in successful migrant cities; use of foot or pedal trees: American chestnut trees; cycles of burn and recovery; as ‘emissions offset’; giant sequoias; ‘green wall’ tree-planting projects; vine-like lianas Trestor, Anne Marie tropical regions: benefit of solar cooling idea; impact of climate emergency; nature guardianship in; population rise in Trump, Donald Tsipras, Alexis tundra Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu UAE Uganda Ukraine: maize exports; Russian invasion of (2022) United Kingdom: ageing population in; anti-immigrant feeling in; Brexit; Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1962); and Covid pandemic; destruction of peatlands in; flood defences in London; historical migration to; history of granting asylum; ‘hostile environment’ policy; impact of climate emergency; and inevitability of change; low statutory sick pay level; migratory shift to southeast; planned fusion reactors; planning laws; renewable power production; Rwanda proposal for asylum-seekers; slow processing of asylum claims; small boats in English channel; wet-farming in United Nations: Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (2018); HCR; Human Rights Council; International Labour Organization; International Organization for Migration; and Nansen Passport concept; suggested new global migration body United States: Chinese Exclusion Act (1882); ‘climate-proof’ cities in; as created from global migrants; dam removal in; demographic change in; and depopulation crisis; and extreme La Niña events; and future climate problems; Green New Deal; heat related inequalities; Homestead Act; immigrant-founded companies; impact of climate emergency; indigenous communities; and inevitability of change; lack of universal healthcare in; leases/purchases of territory by; low spending on social services; mass incarceration of Mexicans in; meat industry in; migration to since 1980s; and mineral extraction; municipal codes; net zero commitment; nineteenth century migration to; patriotism of migrants; refugee children in detention camps; resettlement project in Louisiana; rural to urban migration; seeding of clouds in; Trump’s work visa restrictions; ‘urban visas’ in; yield gap in university towns urban development/planning: Bijlmermeer (outside Amsterdam); and elderly populations; and inclusive government policies; machizukuri process in Tokyo; need for integrated high-rise/low-rise; new canals/water features to combat heat; parks/squares/public spaces; planning and zoning laws; slum clearance programmes; social capital investment in cities USAID Uttarakhand, Indian state Uzbekistan Venezuela Venice Vermont Vietnam Vikings war/violent conflict: over water scarcity; triggered by climate upheaval water, fresh: circulated, cleaned, stored and reused; closed-circuit water recycling; conflict triggered by scarcity; crop irrigation; desalination techniques; drip-irrigation systems; evaporative losses; geopolitics of water control; held in glaciers; impact of heat on supplies; importance of new water policies; inland lake systems; need for urban underground reservoirs; new waterways and river diversions; pumping of groundwater; purified sewage recycled; as resource anxiety of this century; running dry of aquifers; salination of groundwater; used for livestock; water pricing/tax policies Waterloo, Ontario weather systems: cyclonic storms in Bay of Bengal; El Niño events; extreme La Niña events; extreme weather events; Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ); monsoon regions; trade winds welfare systems and social services: access to in migrant cities; and arguments against migration; and bureaucracy; despair and anger of ‘left behind’ natives; intensive infrastructure development needed; low spending on in USA; migrant access to; migration as benefitting social care systems; punitive restrictions on new migrants Westphalia, Peace of (1648) Whales wheat production, global Wilson, E.

The Future Is Analog: How to Create a More Human World
by David Sax
Published 15 Jan 2022

When we focused exclusively on inventions, we missed the problems that new gadgets and ideas invariably caused. We also got distracted from real-world issues we needed to deal with. Technocratic urban beautification schemes, like those of Mike Bloomberg’s New York, inevitably priced out the people living there, dispossessing existing, less-wealthy city dwellers through rapid gentrification in the name of the gilded “progress” that has transformed Manhattan (as well as Toronto, London, and other major cities) into a safe but increasingly sterile sanctuary for the global real estate investment class. “Analog is a way of acknowledging how some problems are better solved in a slower way, or a simpler way, or an older way,” said Sandra Goldmark, professor of theater at Barnard College and author of Fixation, a book about fixing things (from broken lights to our planet), based on her experience operating repair cafés in New York.

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We need much more relaxed zoning rules to encourage the kinds of middle- and low-income housing options that other cities have (like rental apartment buildings near schools that can accommodate growing families), which will anger certain homeowners. We have to come up with thoughtful policies that balance the desire for growth with the economic and cultural costs of the inequality that gentrification inevitably unleashes. We have to buy or even expropriate the last chunks of our waterfront to build parks. We have to greatly expand mental health services to confront the persistent problem of homelessness that saw tent cities spring up in parks all over the city during the pandemic and rethink the way our police force does its job.

Carmageddon: How Cars Make Life Worse and What to Do About It
by Daniel Knowles
Published 27 Mar 2023

Jacobs, he thought, was a naive woman who could not understand cities in the scientific way that he did. Others noted acidly that it was easy for rich women like Jacobs to sing the praises of “slums,” because they were not the ones actually crowded into aging houses—they had the money to occupy whole buildings that poorer people had to share with other families. Before the term “gentrification” was even termed, they noted she was a gentrifier. But what Jacobs realized was that this system of “planning” would inevitably fail, because what made cities successful was the people living in them, using the streets, not the people who drive in from far-off suburbs each day. The way planners tried to rebuild cities, and their obsession with solving “the traffic problem,” was like bloodletting to cure disease: It in fact worsened the situation, but people persisted with it out of lack of imagination.

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INDEX OF SEARCHABLE TERMS Abraham, Reuben advertisements Africa Amsterdam, Netherlands Apple Arab oil embargo Arizona asthma Atlanta, Georgia bankruptcy batteries Benz, Karl bicycles electric lanes safety sharing programs Biden, Joe Birmingham, England BMW bridges Buchanan, Colin buses lanes for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions car crashes car manufacturers corruption on deaths on electric vehicles lobbying by scandals car ownership costs of Indian mass subsidies for US Centers for Disease Control, US Chevrolet Chicago, Illinois children China cities free parking impacting public transportation in rebuilding sprawl in traffic in US city/urban planners free parking and Jacobs on postwar traffic and Clean Air Act, US climate change coal cobalt Cobbs, Courtney commutes computers congestion charges Copenhagen, Denmark copper Corporate Average Fuel Economy, US corruption costs car ownership gasoline housing of living parking public transportation road Coventry, England COVID-19 pandemic crimes Crossrail danger Dearborn, Michigan deaths deaths, vehicular US debts decline population transportation Delanoë, Bertrand demand for parking for roads Democratic Republic of Congo Democrats Department for Transport, UK Department of Energy, US Department of Transportation, US Detroit, Michigan developing countries diesel Disney, Walt Driscoll, Bridget drivers/chauffeurs drivers’ licenses drunk driving Edsell, Arthur Eisenhower, Dwight Eisenhower Expressway electric bicycles electric vehicles CO2 emissions and Tesla employment engines internal combustion England See also specific cities Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US ethanol Europe European Research Group on Environment and Health (EUGT) European Union Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (EPCOT) exports expressways factories Faulkner, William federal government, US fines Fitzgerald, F. Scott Ford, Henry Ford Motor Company France, 249 Paris free parking fuel-efficiency funding gasoline cost of prices taxes gender General Motors (GM) gentrification Germany Gibson, Donald Glencore (firm) governments Parliament, UK US Govind (driver) Grahame, Kenneth Great Depression The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald) Greenwich Village, New York gridlock traffic gross domestic product (GDP) growth health Hidalgo, Anne high-speed trains highways/freeways Detroit protests against relocating population Vancouver See also specific highways Hitler, Adolf Hong Kong horses housing/houses costs of “dingbats” parking and public Houston, Texas Howard, Ebenezer HS2 railway hybrid vehicles imports, car incentives incomes/wages India inequality infrastructure Institute of Transportation Engineers insurance internal combustion engines International Energy Agency Jacobs, Jane jaywalking Jeep Jim Crow Laws Katy Freeway Kennedy Expressway Kentucky Kenya King, David Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of Congo land Las Vegas, Nevada Lawson, Henry John leaded gasoline Lean NOx Trap (LNT) Le Corbusier (architect) Levitt, William J.

This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate
by Naomi Klein
Published 15 Sep 2014

Yoshitani is part of a vibrant activist scene in the San Francisco Bay Area that is ground zero of the green jobs movement most prominently championed by former Obama advisor Van Jones. When I first met Yoshitani, the Asian Pacific Environmental Network was working closely with Asian immigrants in Oakland to demand affordable housing close to a mass transit station to make sure that gentrification didn’t displace the people who actually use subways and buses. And APEN has also been part of an initiative to help create worker co-ops in the solar energy sector in nearby Richmond, so that there are jobs on offer other than the ones at the local Chevron oil refinery. More such connections between climate action and economic justice are being made all the time.

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That would include the public sector workers—firefighters, nurses, teachers, garbage collectors—fighting to protect the services and infrastructure that will be our best protection against climate change. It would include antipoverty activists trying to protect affordable housing in downtown cores, rather than allowing low-income people to be pushed by gentrification into sprawling peripheries that require more driving. As Colin Miller of Oakland-based Bay Localize told me, “Housing is a climate issue.” And it would include transit riders fighting against fare increases at a time when we should be doing everything possible to make subways and buses more comfortable and affordable for all.

…

As resistance to the extractive industries gains ground along these far-flung limbs, it is starting to spread back to the body of carbon country—lending new courage to resist even in those places that the fossil fuel industry thought it had already conquered. The city of Richmond, California, across the bay from San Francisco, provides a glimpse of how quickly the political landscape can change. Predominantly African American and Latino, the city is a rough-edged, working-class pocket amidst the relentless tech-fuelled gentrification of the Bay Area. In Richmond, the big employer isn’t Google, it’s Chevron, whose huge refinery local residents blame for myriad health and safety problems, from elevated asthma rates to frequent accidents at the hulking facility (including a massive fire in 1999 that sent hundreds to hospital).

Goliath: Life and Loathing in Greater Israel
by Max Blumenthal
Published 27 Nov 2012

We are Palestinians, not Israeli Arabs with separate identities.” Shehadeh went on: “Do you know what my dream is? It’s to have lunch in Beirut and dinner in Damascus. My grandfather used to take a taxi to Beirut from Jaffa. Because I am a Palestinian in Israel, that is only a dream.” While the process of gentrification kept tensions at a constantly elevated state in Jaffa, a reverse migration of fundamentalist settlers to Israel’s coastal heart threatened to set the neighborhood of Ajami alight. In 2010, the Israeli Supreme Court authorized a group of religious nationalist Jewish settlers from the West Bank to build a Jews-only settlement in the heart of Ajami, on a plot of land originally promised by the state to the local Arab population to help ameliorate its housing crisis.

…

The first target was the Tel Aviv suburb of Bat Yam. Populated largely by the Russian-Jewish working class, the area was witnessing an increasing influx of young Palestinian couples and families denied housing in nearby Jaffa, where the Tel Aviv municipality refused to authorize new units for Arabs in order to pursue a campaign of aggressive gentrification for the nearly exclusive benefit of affluent Jews from Tel Aviv. In a society where assimilation was officially discouraged, social friction naturally accompanied the increasing Arab presence, with the rare mixed Jewish-Muslim relationship exacerbating the situation. But there was no evidence to support wild claims like the kind leveled by Likudnik member of Knesset Danny Danon, who announced from the parliament floor that Bedouins were responsible for one thousand kidnappings of Jewish girls each year.

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The single-story storefronts and cobblestone lanes of the old Palestinian market area had been transformed into a conglomeration of trendy bars and upscale apartments under the direction of Tel Aviv Mayor Ron Huldai and the commercial developers who backed him. The market was ground zero of Jaffa’s gentrification project, where the more cultivated denizens of Tel Aviv’s knowledge economy came for arak and spacious new Arabesque condos. With the romantic sound of El Atrache in the air, the sultry feeling of life in the Orient persisted, but without the Arabs who had made it so uncomfortable. Deep inside the market, I arrived at a table at a bar called Pua to find a small international group at a long table.

Fodor's Rome: With the Best City Walks and Scenic Day Trips
by Fodor's Travel Publications Inc.
Published 24 Sep 2012

Trastevere. Rome’s “Greenwich Village” has kept much of its authentic roots thanks to mom-and-pop trattorias, winding cobblestone alleyways, and the resplendent church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, stunningly lit at night (when hip new discopubs take center stage). The Ghetto. Despite galloping gentrification, the Ghetto—once the home to Rome’s Jews during the Middle Ages—still preserves the flavor of Old Rome and is centered on the ancient Portico d’Ottavia. Aventino. A green and posh residential district, the Aventine Hill is aloof from the bustle of central Rome. At its foot lies Piazza Bocca della Verità and Santa Maria in Cosmedin, a Romanesque masterpiece.

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Between the Vatican and the once-moated bulk of Castel Sant’Angelo—erstwhile mausoleum of Emperor Hadrian and now an imposing relic of medieval Rome—the pope’s covered passageway flanks an enclave of workers and craftspeople, the old Borgo neighborhood, whose workaday charm has begun to succumb to gentrification (and, right outside the Vatican walls, to a plethora of tourist traps and souvenir shops). GETTING HERE From Termini station, hop on the No. 40 Express or the famously crowded No. 64 to deliver you to Piazza San Pietro. On either, as on any bus in Rome, watch out for pickpockets. Both routes swing past Largo Argentina, where you can also get the 571 or 46.

…

TRASTEVERE Sometimes futilely resisting the tides of change, Rome has several little communities that have staunchly defended their authenticity over the centuries; the Tiber separates two of them—the Ghetto and Trastevere. Just beyond the charming Tiber Island lies Trastevere, which, despite galloping gentrification, remains about the most tightly knit community in Rome. Perfectly picturesque piazzas, tiny winding medieval alleyways, and time-burnished Romanesque houses all cast a frozen-in-amber spell, while grand art awaits at Santa Maria in Trastevere, San Francesco a Ripa, and the Villa Farnesina. On the northern border of the district looms the Janiculum, Rome’s highest hill, with views to prove it.

Berlin Now: The City After the Wall
by Peter Schneider and Sophie Schlondorff
Published 4 Aug 2014

Anyone who showed up with a “capacity for experience” was admitted, explains Christoph Klenzendorf, one of the two founders from the trailer, drawn as they were to the community’s life philosophy: “If you want to do something, do it! And do it with love and passion!” The founders of Bar25 had started with empty wallets and an ingenious energy cocktail of euphoria and protest. The protest followed the usual neighborhood call to arms against plans to extensively develop the Spree waterfront—in short, against gentrification, a term that originated in English social history and refers to the expulsion of a neighborhood’s “native population” by real estate developers and their clients. But unlike the permanent protesters from the anarchist camp, the operators of Bar25 skillfully coupled their protest to their own concrete interests.

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Lately, there are signs that this principle is cautiously being abandoned in Berlin—a compromise model. Recently, the municipal government introduced several measures against a wholesale selling out of the city, prompted not least by the campaigns of so-called antigentrification activists. Historically, “gentrification” simply means expulsion—the displacement of an area’s traditional inhabitants by more well-off nonlocals with deep pockets. As used by Berlin’s militants, the combat term has degenerated to rowdy cries like “No more trolleys!,” “Burn the tourists!,” and “Fist the tourists!” For a while, Berlin’s Autonome scene, with its absurd attacks on organic grocery stores, so-called luxury cars, and cafés selling latte macchiato, trivialized the matter, which certainly deserves to be taken seriously.

Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy
by Alexandrea J. Ravenelle
Published 12 Mar 2019

I use the New York Times real-estate section’s definition of the neighborhood, which states it is “bounded by 14th Street and East Houston Street, the Bowery/Fourth Avenue and the East River” (see map 1).72 Map 1. The East Village is often described as being bordered by East Fourteenth Street, East Houston Street, Fourth Avenue (also called the Bowery), and the East River. Map data © 2018 Google. The East Village is known as one of the more affordable downtown areas in Manhattan. In her work on gentrification, sociologist Sharon Zukin describes the East Village as “an area where protest is a way of life and history is important. These are the sources of the neighborhood’s reputation for authenticity, and they have been preserved in the low rents and social spaces of a sometimes shabby, often funky locale of tenements and small stores.”73 The neighborhood is particularly appealing to potential Airbnb hosts: according to the New York City Population FactFinder, which draws on data from the 2012–2016 American Community Survey, slightly more than half of the housing stock is composed of small tenements (built before 1939).74 As a result, on-site building superintendents are rare and doormen are generally nonexistent.

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See also Couchsurfing Freelancers’ Union, 72, 201 free services/websites, 9, 26 Frenken, Koen, 28fig. 2 Gebbia, Joe, 30 Geller, Justin, 189 Gemeinschaft, 31–36 gender issues: gender of chefs, 59; gender of drivers, 53; gender of hosts, 49, 165; gender of TaskRabbits, 56; piecemeal system, 66, 68; sexual harassment and, 119–20; stereotypical work; vulnerability categories, 193–94 gentrification, 47 Gesellschaft, 31–36 Gett/Juno, 190–91, 233n72 gig economy: overview, 8; comparison of services of, 166–68; evaluation of, 174; labor rights and, 71; as marketing opportunity, 163–64; as sharing economy, 26; term usage, 5, 31; workplace protections and, 94; work stigma and, 160–61. See also collaborative consumption; Craigslist; PayPal giving-out system, 66.

The Mutant Project: Inside the Global Race to Genetically Modify Humans
by Eben Kirksey
Published 10 Nov 2020

In order to learn more about the first CRISPR clinical trial in the United States, I traveled to Philadelphia, where I found people living with inequality and ongoing disruptions. I stayed with a friend in Fishtown, a neighborhood undergoing rapid gentrification. As we chatted about how CRISPR could transform science and medicine, my friend told me about unsettling dynamics that were leaving uneven marks on the landscape. His neighbor’s house had just sold for $750,000. According to Forbes, Fishtown was “America’s hottest new neighborhood” and had seen a recent “stampede of Millennials, yuppies, hipsters, entrepreneurs, and empty nesters.”1 Evidence of gentrification—new cafes, coffee shops, and bars—sat uneasily alongside signs of abject poverty, despair, and open violence.

Pocket Helsinki Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

. (%040-777-5959; www.bsmokery.fi; Työpajankatu 2C, Teurastamo; mains €14-21; h11am-10pm Tue-Fri, 1-10pm Sat; W) 5SilvopleeVEGETARIAN$ MAP GOOGLE MAP At this large, light-filled cafe with blond wood counters, brightly painted pillars and tiled floors, vegetarian food (including vegan options) is sold by weight. Around 80% of ingredients are locally sourced, and around 60% are organic. (www.silvoplee.fi; Toinen linja 7; soup/mains per 1kg €17.80/22.30; h8am-7pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat; Wv) yTop TipSafe Travel While gentrification continues apace here, parts of the area still retain a gritty character and can have an edgier feel than some of Helsinki's more affluent neighbourhoods. As in any big city, keep your wits about you and avoid walking alone in unlit areas after dark. This character, however, gives rise to some fantastic creative spaces and a brilliant bar scene.

New York City Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

{map 2} Flatiron District The clue’s in the name: this is the home of the iconic Flatiron Building, which watches over workers hot-footing it to the office in this busy business hub. {map 1} Greenpoint Often called “Little Poland,” Greenpoint has long been a Polish district, but the Brooklyn ’hood has seen contentious gentrification, with organic food stores popping up next to oldschool pierogi joints. {map 4} Greenwich Village When the gay community demonstrated here in 1969, following a police raid, “the Village” became an LGBTQ+ landmark. Years after the Stonewall riots, people love this inclusive area for its live theater and comedy.

Boston Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

The vibes are electric on Red Sox game days, but there’s plenty more to keep you busy, including two of the city’s most iconic art museums. {map 3} Jamaica Plain Called JP by locals, this dynamic area has become a hub for creatives who flock to its chic bars and indie shops. Its popularity has led to gentrification, however, which has rapidly priced out many of the area’s residents. {map 5} North End First settled in the 1630s, the North End is one of the city’s oldest spots. Known as Boston’s Little Italy, its narrow maze of streets is lined with more pizzerias and cannoli shops than you can shake a stick at.

Florence Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

{map 6} Porta Romana Artisan jewellers, butchers and bookbinders have existed for generations on Porta Romana’s quiet narrow streets, lending it a timeless air. Things are getting more modern, though, with contemporary art galleries, live music venues and local breweries drawing younger locals this way south. {map 3} San Frediano It’s safe to say long-timers aren’t best pleased with the gentrification of this sought-after Oltrarno area, but traditions are still going strong amid the new openings. Dusty artisan workshops thrive beside gourmet restaurants, and lively cocktail bars sit in the shadow of frescoed churches. {map 3} San Lorenzo Once a run-down district, San Lorenzo in the north has fast become one of the most popular areas to pass the day in, roaming Mercato Centrale, eating in affordable restaurants and clinking glasses in wine bars.

Amsterdam Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

Few can afford to live here, but locals still pop by for museum mooching. {map 2} Indische Buurt One of the city’s most multicultural areas, this has seen traditional halal shops replaced by slick bars in the 2000s. It’s managed to hold onto its lively, culturally diverse vibe, though, with time-honoured restaurants standing strong. {map 4} Jordaan Massive gentrification has driven rent prices up in this neighbourhood but its narrow streets still have an offbeat feel, lined with open-air markets, cosy bars and quirky shops. {map 2} NDSM The city’s most famous hipster industrial zone is growing up. Alternative arty spots have made way for commercial sites, drawing the media crowd, but the area is still awash with edgy street art.

Cultureshock Paris
by Cultureshock Staff
Published 6 Oct 2010

At rue de Nazareth there is an important Jewish synagogue, as this was the Jewish community’s centre before it moved south toward rue des Rosiers. Much of this northern border remains dull, with old housing in drab streets, although this means that rents are not high. The rag trade extends here: a cheap clothing market is always on the verge of being shut down and some factories employ the immigrants who continue to come. Nonetheless, gentrification is slowly moving north, up rue Charlot and around the pretty little Square du Temple. As the ambiance of the Marais expands and housing becomes scarce, this area is sure to benefit. The Latin Quarter and Saint-Germain (5e and 6e) Encompassing the 5th arrondissement and by extension some of the 6th, the Quartier Latin is where many romantic images of Paris come true.

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The major streets of rue de Charonne and rue de la Roquette are connected by the popular cobblestone rue de Lappe (once known for prostitutes and pimps), rue des Taillandiers and rue Keller, a centre for the gay community. Old warehouses converted into lofts, restored buildings and new apartment blocks make for an eclectic mix. There is an interesting market and a park-like setting on the wide boulevard Richard Lenoir. As in the Marais, gentrification is expanding northwards as older buildings are restored and retail activities expanded. Although the recently trendy rue Oberkampf is upgrading its character, the renewed atmosphere does not yet extend to Place de la République or to the northeastern border with Belleville in the 20e. To the south of rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, in the 12e, the life of the cours and passages continues.

Fire in the Ashes: Twenty-Five Years Among the Poorest Children in America
by Jonathan Kozol
Published 27 Aug 2012

None of the jobs he found, however, lasted very long. One was with a construction firm for which, he told me, he was “doing stock,” but it was a seasonal job and ended in four months. Another job, one he said that he enjoyed, was for a man who was renovating brownstones in a part of Harlem in which gentrification by white families had begun. But this, too, was a temporary job and, like the other, “off the books,” and it ended shortly. Every so often when we met, which we did more often now, Angelo would tell me he was “going back to school” and, every time he told me this, he would sound entirely earnest and sincere.

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Initially intended for families living in the neighborhood already (or so those families had been told), these houses at the present time sell for upwards of $200,000 and are owned or occupied by individuals or families whose incomes are at least three times the average family income in Mott Haven. What these houses represent, Martha Overall believes, is a modest early stage in a gentrification process that may be seen as well in a narrow stretch of streets ten or twelve blocks to the south and west of St. Ann’s Church, close to a bridge that leads into Manhattan. In this area, warehouse structures or buildings that were occupied in decades past by manufacturers and industries have become the studios and living spaces of artists and photographers.

Creating Unequal Futures?: Rethinking Poverty, Inequality and Disadvantage
by Ruth Fincher and Peter Saunders
Published 1 Jul 2001

As Fincher and Wulff note (Chapter 6), geographic locations can be disadvantaging for their residents if they are the places of large-scale economic change such as the decline of manufacturing, or the reduction of government and private sector investment in service provision. Localities can be disadvantaging for some residents if they become the sites of rapid increases in housing prices due to gentrification. Fincher and Wulff emphasise the importance of the housing market as a contributor to the intensification of inequalities socially and spatially, resisting the tendency of much analysis to consider economic change only in terms of its employment outcomes. Disadvantage, then, as a general designator of people less well-off than others, is not readily measured with income figures alone.

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With few exceptions, analysts ignore the contribution of the housing market to the intensification of inequalities socially and spatially, though some studies in Europe now emphasise the important role of housing in influencing patterns of social segregation (Lee 1994; Murie and Musterd 1996). Metropolitan housing market changes like gentrification have seen the inner cities become more favoured residential sites than they have been in the past, and some outer and middle suburbs have hosted an increased share of lower income households. In Australia, internal migration flows are delivering many poorer households as well as certain wealthier ones to regions like the north coast of New South Wales.

Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything About Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody
by Helen Pluckrose and James A. Lindsay
Published 14 Jul 2020

Charlotte Cooper, for instance, makes a very similar argument to that made by Goodley in Disability Studies. For Cooper, the forces of “neoliberalism” (approximately: capitalist society) pressure people to adapt themselves to society, instead of requiring society to accommodate them. Cooper is therefore deeply critical of the body positivity movement, which she considers a form of “gentrification” in its “emphasis on individualism rather than collectivity.”45 Her issue is that body positivity places the responsibility on individuals to love their own bodies and be happy in them, rather than on society to stop viewing obesity negatively—a problematic approach, which is sometimes referred to as responsibilizing them.

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As one member, “Liz,” of what Cooper called her “fat community,” who she interviewed for Fat Activism, argues, “Fat hatred is fuelled by capitalism because these companies create products that are all about making fat people skinny,”46 and “using capitalism as a basis for activism illustrates how, within the gentrification of fat activism it is access rather than social transformation that has become the main motivator.”47 If this sounds like a paranoid fantasy, it’s because it is. The idea of an intersectional power grid surrounding fat activism is needlessly messy. Biology and the science of nutrition are misunderstood as a form of Foucauldian “biopower,” which constrains and disciplines people.

The Nanny State Made Me: A Story of Britain and How to Save It
by Stuart Maconie
Published 5 Mar 2020

When they pulled it down I went down and took a little brick as a souvenir.’ Trafford General is not just a historic reminder of our once-visionary civic spirit. It’s a vast, busy, working hospital, still ‘the Park’ to many of the big urban working-class community it serves. ‘Our population hasn’t changed much. But even here, there’s been a bit of gentrification. House prices have shot up since they built the Trafford Centre and there’s some nice big houses on the quiet side roads.’ The hospital bustles as it has done for seventy years. But the challenges are greater than ever, and ‘challenge’ here is not just marketing consultancy or election leaflet guff but a daily reality for people like Julie.

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A flat in the Boundary Estate now (‘perfect for a professional looking to be close to the City’ says one estate agent’s blurb) will set you back about two and a half grand a month. As John Boughton says, ‘It remains a small working-class redoubt but around 40 per cent of its homes were purchased under Right to Buy and most of these later sold on. The defences of this little island of social housing have been breached, firstly by gentrification and more recently by corporate money.’ Graphic designers outnumber market traders now and the only cutpurses here these days work in the Square Mile and wear Hugo Boss. But on my occasional visits, it’s heartening to see its alleyways and cut-throughs busy with street kids on bikes as well as web designers on tiny scooters.

Broke: How to Survive the Middle Class Crisis
by David Boyle
Published 15 Jan 2014

I ran into a couple at a dinner party a few years ago who lived in a tiny flat at the very top of the very building where I started out. They told me that our flat — which had so shocked my grandparents’ families — was now inhabited by the head of Benetton Europe. It had become, through the strange metamorphosis of gentrification, a fitting home for the new class of ultra-rich. I tell this story to show how, during my lifetime — even my adult lifetime — my contemporaries and I have witnessed an extraordinary revolution in the fortunes of the middle classes, from the widespread doubts in the mid-1970s whether they could survive at all, through to their recent apotheosis under Margaret Thatcher a decade later.

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The middle-class newcomers to Crystal Palace, high on the hill above south London, are generally pretty oblivious to the culture they are displacing — which is anyway on the exhausted side. Since the original Crystal Palace building, designed by Joseph Paxton, burned down so spectacularly in 1936, nothing much has changed around here except for the closure one by one of the public toilets and the slow march of gentrification, as confident and as doubt-free as the Plantation of Ulster. So there has been a flurry of excitement locally about the opening of this café, run by the televisual Laura and Jess who have made such a success of the café in the next station down the line. Even so, there are not so many people here at our odd collection of rescued 1960s tables, with the red Formica tops and strange tapering legs, hallmarks of an alien civilization.

World Travel: An Irreverent Guide
by Anthony Bourdain and Laurie Woolever
Published 19 Apr 2021

This is as much the center of the pork universe as I’ve ever seen it in New York.” 188 CUCHIFRITOS: 158 East 188th Street, Bronx, NY 10468, Tel 718 367 4500 (no website) (typical plate about $7) BROOKLYN * * * The final episode of No Reservations saw Tony exploring Brooklyn, “a place right next door, a place I’ve never really gotten to know.” It’s a sprawling, endlessly diverse borough, recent gentrification notwithstanding, and Tony ranged from one end to the other, making a stop near the sea, in Sheepshead Bay, at “a cornerstone of red sauce Italian, Randazzo’s Clam Bar.” Born of a decades-old family business that began as a seafood market and evolved into a lively and thriving family restaurant, Randazzo’s is known for the long-simmered, oregano-intensive red sauce that adorns a range of seafood and pasta preparations.

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SUPERIOR MOTORS: 1211 Braddock Avenue, Braddock, PA 15104, Tel 412 271 1022, www.superiormotors.com (average entrée $27) And, finally, some good old-fashioned fun: the New Alexandria Lions Club Crash-a-Rama. “If you head east thirty miles from Pittsburgh, you will find yourself here, in New Alexandria. It’s a whole other world, no tech incubators here, or fears of gentrification, just good, heartland fun on a Friday night. Family, fried dough, and demolition.” Organized by the local Lions Club chapter, this demolition derby raises funds for local charities. “The winner gets $900. All over western Pennsylvania, from small towns like this, to the largest city—Pittsburgh—people face the same struggles as beleaguered, deindustrialized areas across the country: How do you move into the future and hold on to what you love about the past?

Frommer's San Francisco 2012
by Matthew Poole , Erika Lenkert and Kristin Luna
Published 4 Oct 2011

Not unlike the gold fever of the 1800s, people flocked to the western shores to strike it rich—and they did. In 1999, the local media reported that each day 64 Bay Area residents were gaining millionaire status. Long before the last year of the millennium, real estate prices went into the stratosphere, and the city’s gentrification financially squeezed out many of those residents who didn’t mean big business (read: alternative and artistic types, seniors, and minorities who made the city colorful). New business popped up everywhere—especially in SoMa, where start-up companies jammed warehouse spaces to the rafters. As the most popular post-education destination for MBAs and the leader in the media of the future, San Francisco no longer opened its Golden Gate to everyone looking for the legendary alternative lifestyle—unless they could afford a $1,000 studio apartment and $20-per-day fees to park their cars.

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The process started when alternative clubs began opening in the old warehouses in the area nearly 2 decades ago. A wave of entrepreneurs followed, seeking to start new businesses in what was once an extremely low-rent area compared to the neighboring Financial District. Once the dot.commers moved in, it was gentrification and high rents all the way. The building boom started with the construction of the Moscone Convention Center and continued with the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, Yerba Buena Gardens, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in the early ’90s. During the dot.com years, the Four Seasons Hotel, W Hotel, St.

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However, if you veer off the highway, you’ll be surprised to discover a small but burgeoning community of nearly 75,000 residents with the most “cosmopolitan” atmosphere in the county (though I use that term loosely)—and some of the most affordable accommodations in the valley (Calistoga also has good deals). Still in the process of gentrification for the past decade, and deeply affected by the economic downturn, it continues to welcome new, and surprisingly fancy hotels, condos, and restaurants (as I mentioned previously, Iron Chef Masaharu Morimoto and TV celebrity chef Tyler Florence opened restaurants here in late 2010), while the city center’s small storefront spaces remain glaringly abandoned.

In Pursuit of Privilege: A History of New York City's Upper Class and the Making of a Metropolis
by Clifton Hood
Published 1 Nov 2016

As the metropolitan economy recovered, housing markets that had been in the doldrums for more than a decade began to improve, with apartments on the Upper East Side, single-family homes in wealthy suburbs, and summer houses in the Hamptons sustaining notably high increases.155 The hybrid upper class had a specific residential aesthetic. They spearheaded the gentrification of brownstone neighborhoods (figure 8.3) that had once been solidly middle class but that then had fallen out of favor and deteriorated, like the Upper West Side of Manhattan and Brooklyn Heights and Park Slope in Brooklyn, and of formerly industrial areas like SoHo and Tribeca in lower Manhattan.

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James Borchert and Susan Borchert, “Downtown, Uptown, Out of Town: Diverging Patterns of Upper-Class Residential Landscapes in Buffalo, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland, 1885–1935,” Social Science History 26 (2002): 311–46; James Borchert to author, email, July 11, 2012; and Suleiman Osman, The Invention of Brownstone Brooklyn: Gentrification and Authenticity in Postwar New York (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 3–51. See also Ann Durkin Keating, Chicagoland: City and Suburbs in the Railroad Age (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005); and Michael H. Ebner, Creating Chicago’s North Shore: A Suburban History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988). 96.

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Ruth Rejnis, “The Great New York Brownstone Bargains,” New York 10 (September 26, 1977): 36–39; Barbara Phillips, “Living It Up in Lower Manhattan,” New York 14 (November 9, 1981): 43–46; Daniel Shaw, “Tribeca,” New York 20 (May 4, 1987): 96–98; “Hot Spots,” New York 22 (December 25, 1989–January 1, 1990): 37–41; Eric Pooley, “South-ward-ho: Moving on Down to New Spaces and Places,” New York 22 (December 25, 1989–January 1, 1990): 82–87; Joyce Gold, “Tribeca,” in Jackson, Encyclopedia of New York City, 1333; Joyce Gold, “SoHo,” in Jackson, Encyclopedia of New York City, 1202–03; and Hilda Regier, “Chelsea (i),” in Jackson, Encyclopedia of New York City, 234–35. 157. Suleiman Osman, The Invention of Brownstone Brooklyn: Gentrification and the Search for Authenticity in Postwar New York (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 3–16. See also “SoHo Loft,” Architectural Digest 31 (March/April 1974): 91–97; and Marc Kristol, “Raising the Barn,” Dwell 8 (April 1, 2008): 132. 158. Ylonda Gault, “Health Clubs Reshape Strategy to Boost Profit,” Crain’s New York Business 7 (August 26, 1991): 4; Ylonda Gault, “Survival of the Fittest Among Health Clubs,” Crain’s New York Business 10 (May 9, 1994): 3, 41; and Gault, “Fitness Chains Bulk Up in the City,” Crain’s New York Business 12 (February 26, 1996): 30–31. 159.

Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World
by Malcolm Harris
Published 14 Feb 2023

The city’s leadership courted tech jobs, and the board of supervisors approved a tailored $22 million payroll-tax break for Twitter in exchange for bringing an office full of jobs.28 The 2011 Central Market Street and Tenderloin Area Payroll Expense Tax Exclusion was known as the Twitter tax break, and the idea was to revitalize the city’s high-unemployment neighborhoods with an infusion of tech workers. On a purely numerical basis, the plan worked: Capital flowed into San Francisco as the city fitted a working tap on the new gusher rather than lose firms to smaller neighbors with lower taxes. But gentrification didn’t lift all the boats the way it promised to. Such tax cuts are premised on the idea that high-wage jobs leak prosperity into the surrounding area. Techies pay more for lunch, which means there’s more demand for local restaurants, and with higher-paid waitstaff. The multiplier effect of this spending was supposed to scoop the homeless off the street and put them to work in the repaired storefronts.

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It is an economic and cultural rearguard action by young people launched into life from the old middle class, but not quite equipped to stay there, and trying to engineer a face-saving soft landing… somewhere.”30 The Bay’s new identity as a big Silicon Valley suburb made it a for-us-by-us clusterfuck of premium mediocrity, but with its signature industry’s exploding wealth and heavy advertising budget, it once again became the world’s model for progress, even more so than back when Charles de Gaulle visited the Stanford Industrial Park after World War II.31 “The most visible sign of San Francisco’s gentrification was the appearance of white luxury buses which roamed the streets like vampires in search of a hissing blood feast,” writes Jarett Kobek in his realist novel I Hate the Internet.32 No single phenomenon crystallized the new regional tensions better than these “Google buses.”xi With so many employees commuting from apartments in San Francisco to campuses in Silicon Valley, it made sense for the search company to run its own fleet of commuter buses; it was an incentive for young hip workers who didn’t want and probably couldn’t afford to live in single-family-zoned Mountain View, and it ensured that Googlers had strong Wi-Fi for their commutes, increasing corporate efficiency.

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Silicon Valley can’t help but see opportunity: Venture capitalists have pumped nearly $100 million into San Francisco start-up “Molekule,” an internet-enabled luxury home air purifier that sells for $800 and does not seem to work very well.6 In capitalism, even the air is an individual responsibility. For the same reason that gentrification can’t fix homelessness, capitalist technology can’t solve these problems and create them at the same time—though that won’t stop VCs from making money on the climate crisis. One way for capitalism to transcend the limits of the biosphere without transcending the limits of capitalism would be to colonize the rest of the solar system, the galaxy, and beyond.

Peak Car: The Future of Travel
by David Metz
Published 21 Jan 2014

In the long run, people take advantage of faster travel to go further, to gain access to a wider range of destinations and have more choices and opportunities. This increased access leads to changes in how land is used, most obviously as property development in the form of new homes and new commercial premises, both retail and workspace. Less visibly, upgrading of existing properties is important, such as gentrification of low cost housing made more accessible to employment opportunities by a new transport service Faster travel allows people to have more choices of homes, jobs, shopping, education and the rest. Transport infrastructure and the buildings it makes accessible generally last a very long time. So short‑run travel time‑savings are not a sound basis for valuing the benefits of better transport.

Dublin Like a Local
by Dk Eyewitness

There’s always something on: an indie film, a crafts market, a buzzy street festival. {map 3} St Stephen’s Green This grand old park is so beloved by Dubliners, it’s basically a neighbourhood. Flanked with cute shops and restaurants, it draws crowds on sunny days. {map 2} Stoneybatter Once run-down, this area has seen gentrification of late, but has sworn in loyal (read: hipster) locals as a result. If you meet a bearded Dub who loves craft beer, rest assured he lives in this free-spirited district. {map 3} Temple Bar No proper Dubliner would be seen dead in the touristy pubs here, but it’s not all rowdy nightlife. Tempting locals to brave Dublin’s Times Square are top vintage stores and galleries.

Arrival City
by Doug Saunders
Published 22 Mar 2011

In Toronto, which receives 40 percent of the country’s 300,000 annual immigrants, a 2008 study found that almost all of them were settling in the suburbs—a complete reversal of the pattern of the 1970s, when most migrants settled in the downtown core—with wealthier urban–urban migrants from the Indian subcontinent and China settling in the outer suburbs and village-born migrants from Africa, Latin America, and Asia settling in inner-ring arrival cities such as Victoria Park, Thorncliffe Park, and southern Etobicoke. This new settlement had much to do with the gentrification of urban-core neighborhoods, which turned the inner suburbs into the last low-rent enclave. As Robert Murdie of the University of Toronto’s Centre for Urban and Community Studies has found, this has the deleterious effect of increasing the isolation and segregation of immigrants in a city that had been famous for its integration.23 The sudden transformation of suburbs into arrival cities is often a shock to the established population.

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The arrival city is now the favored new residential neighborhood in many North American and European cities, with districts like Rampart in Los Angeles, the Lower East Side in Manhattan, Spitalfields in London, Belleville in Paris, and Ossington in Toronto becoming desirable for young graduates (some of them the children of the original arrival-city tenants) seeking homes precisely because of the presence of dynamic, city-transforming arrival-city communities. The first wave of arrival, up to the First World War, created the core neighborhoods of most Western cities; the second, postwar wave is now creating the next set of places to live—and the next set of cultures. This reverse attraction (critics call it “gentrification”) is taking place, in exactly the same way, in the arrival cities of Chongqing, Mumbai, Istanbul, Cairo, and São Paulo, just as the arrival cities of the West are equally prone to the arrival-city failures seen in those cities. It is the same process, involving much the same people; the only difference is in wealth and resources.

Commuter City: How the Railways Shaped London
by David Wragg
Published 14 Apr 2010

Despite its shortcomings, many of which can be attributed to its role as a pioneer, with longer trains and a branch or diversion to carry passengers from the termini south of the river to King’s Cross and Euston, the line could have been a true financial success. New and rapidly growing suburbs such as Stockwell and Clapham were much sought-after middle class districts, although later they were to become far less attractive before eventually recovering in recent years as gentrification took place. Yet, south of the river was to be a vast area that was to be chronically underserved by the underground system. To the west, the District reached out, often running over London & South Western, later Southern Railway, metals, while the Bakerloo and much later the Victoria lines ventured a short distance.

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All change at London Transport This is to jump forward many years for much had happened in London in the meantime. The London County Council had become increasingly a Labour Party stronghold as it consisted of inner London, with the more affluent leaving the rundown districts in the centre (albeit many returned later when gentrification became fashionable) for the outer suburbs and the older dormitory towns. In 1965, the LCC was abolished entirely and replaced by the Greater London Council, which absorbed much of Surrey, to the extent that the county’s offices were left in Kingston, part of GLC territory, all of Middlesex, and parts of Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Essex and Kent.

The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb, and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley Are Changing the World
by Brad Stone
Published 30 Jan 2017

The city that celebrated its bohemian past and distinctive neighborhoods was at the nexus of several converging trends: the acceleration of the internet economy, the migration of Silicon Valley startups up Highway 101 and into the city, and the infusion of millennials into cities. Home prices in the city were skyrocketing as a result, and gentrification was rapidly changing beloved neighborhoods, such as the predominantly Latino Mission District. It all produced a kind of poorly articulated rage. The convenient culprits included the street-clogging double-decker company buses that ferried employees to the offices of Google, Facebook, and Apple; the tech companies themselves; and the so-called tech bros, vaguely defined stereotypical males who could be relied on to regularly Tweet or blog something racist, sexist, or generally insensitive, thereby indicting the entire tech industry.

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I’m referring to all the girls who are obviously 4’s and behave like they are 9’s.”30 Another handy scapegoat was Airbnb, which was having an undefined but real effect on the number of rooms and homes for rent in San Francisco and other cities as landlords like Peter Kwan opted to market their spare bedrooms to tourists instead of renting them or selling their homes to permanent residents. The issues facing San Francisco pitted new residents against old, techies against nontechies, and centrist Democrats against progressives. Airbnb was a tempting wedge issue in this fight, a way to muster opposition to the tide of gentrification under the banner of a universally appealing word: affordability. Even though the new Airbnb law was only a few months old, opponents tried to get the legislature to strengthen its restrictions. When that failed, they got fifteen thousand signatures to put a new initiative, called Proposition F, on the ballot in the fall 2015 elections, when progressives were looking to recapture the board of supervisors and unseat Ed Lee, the moderate Democratic mayor.

America, You Sexy Bitch: A Love Letter to Freedom
by Meghan McCain and Michael Black
Published 31 May 2012

We board the ferry and cross back across the river. Glen leads us to Treme. It’s one of New Orleans’s oldest neighborhoods, lined with small one-story houses set back from buckled sidewalks and patchy lawns. This was where free blacks came to live early in the city’s history. Now it’s in danger of gentrification. When we get out of the cab, Glen points up and down the streets, telling us there used to be bars everywhere where you could go and hear live music. Now there’s just a couple left. We’re standing in front of one of them. A few guys mill outside the door, including an ancient-looking gentleman whose head looks like it was shrunken down from a larger size.

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I don’t understand the details but it seems to boil down to an accusation Glen made against them about their taking advantage of people living in the neighborhood with the purpose of using a city program to buy their homes at under-market values and then sell them to more well-heeled investors, white investors, who want to gentrify Treme. Trombone Shorty, who has become a worldwide sensation with his Billboard-topping jazz album, Backatown, has likewise been buying up properties in the area in an effort to slow down or stop gentrification. It’s a conflict about money and the soul of the neighborhood. “We got this,” Glen keeps saying. “This” for him means more than a few crumbling houses in Treme. It’s an entire history, a way of being he is fighting to preserve. He says, “The musicians that played in my neighborhood, they brought me out of the womb.”

After the Fall: Being American in the World We've Made
by Ben Rhodes
Published 1 Jun 2021

On the train ride out of the country, I fell asleep and my camera was stolen out of my backpack. By contrast, the Baltic capitals were largely refurbished, on their way to becoming newly embraced members of the Western clubs—the European Union, NATO. Visiting the Baltics in 2001 was like going to a neighborhood in Brooklyn on the cusp of gentrification. Kaliningrad, by contrast, felt forgotten by time. The only foreign tourists there other than stray backpackers like me were busloads of Germans, hoping to reconnect with some lost piece of their heritage. They walked in packs, cameras around their necks, the losers of World War II now exponentially wealthier than the Russians who’d conquered them and repopulated their city.

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The actual boss was a machine politician named Vito Lopez, a tall and bulky man with a comb-over who worked out of the storefront Democratic club in Bushwick, Brooklyn—one of those neighborhoods on the edge of being colonized by hipsters. Vito was an Italian blessed with a Latino name that allowed him to appeal to the borough’s changing demographics. He understood intuitively the link between ethnic neighborhoods, affordable housing units, gentrification, and winning elections for state and city offices. He was obsessed with people showing him “respect,” a topic he regularly discussed like a mob boss. If someone had crossed him, he’d talk about “sticking an arm out.” A pragmatist, he endorsed Republican governor George Pataki in exchange for one favor or another.

Germany Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Once making headlines for its high crime and poorly performing schools, the district has catapulted from ghetto-gritty to funkytown-hip in no time. Largely thanks to an influx of young, creative neo-Berliners (including many from Italy, Spain and England), it’s engulfed in a thriving DIY ethos with new trash-trendy bars, performance spaces and galleries coming online almost daily. Explore now for an exciting offbeat experience: turbo-gentrification is just waiting in the wings. OTHER KULTURFORUM MUSEUMS In addition to the Gemäldegalerie and the Neue Nationalgalerie, the Kulturforum encompasses three other top-rated museums: the Kupferstichkabinett Offline map Google map (Museum of Prints and Drawings; 266 424 242; www.smb.museum/kk; Matthäikirchplatz; adult/concession €8/4; 10am-6pm Tue-Fri, 11am-6pm Sat & Sun; 200, Potsdamer Platz, Potsdamer Platz) with prints and drawings since the 14th century; the Musikinstrumenten-Museum Offline map Google map (Musical Instruments Museum; 254 810; www.mim-berlin.de; Tiergartenstrasse 1, enter via Ben-Gurion-Strasse; adult/concession €4/2; 9am-5pm Tue, Wed & Fri, to 10pm Thu, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun; 200, Potsdamer Platz, Potsdamer Platz) with rare historical instruments; and the Kunstgewerbemuseum Offline map Google map (Museum of Decorative Arts; 266 424 242; www.smb.museum; Matthäikirchplatz; 200, Potsdamer Platz, Potsdamer Platz), which is closed for renovation until at least mid-2014.

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LIVING IT UP IN THE BERGMANNKIEZ One of Berlin’s most charismatic neighbourhoods is the Bergmannkiez Offline map Google map (Bergmannstrasse & around; Mehringdamm, Gneisenaustrasse) in western Kreuzberg. It’s named for its main shopping strip, Bergmannstrasse, which is chock-a-block with people-watching cafes and quirky shops. This culminates in Marheinekeplatz, punctuated by a newly renovated 19th-century gourmet market hall. FRIEDRICHSHAIN Rents may be rising and gentrification unstoppable, but for now, Friedrichshain, in former East Berlin, is still largely the domain of the young and free-spirited, students, artists and eccentrics. There are few standout sights, but the web of boutique-and cafe-lined streets around Boxhagener Platz will happily repay those who simply wander and soak up the district’s unique character.

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PRENZLAUER BERG Prenzlauer Berg went from rags to riches after reunification to emerge as one of Berlin’s most desirable residential neighbourhoods. Its ample charms are best experienced on a leisurely meander. Look up at gorgeously restored town houses, comb side streets for indie boutiques or carve out a spot among the yoga mamas and greying hipsters in cafes around Kollwitzplatz or Helmholtzplatz, two squares at the epicente of gentrification. Boho-bourgeois professionals, including many expats from France, Italy, the US and Britain, have displaced nearly 80% of the pre-reunification residents, who could simply no longer afford the ever-rising rents or felt no cultural affinity for fancy coffee drinks. Prenzlauer Berg Sights 1 Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer A4 2 Kollwitzplatz C3 3 Mauerpark B3 Activities, Courses & Tours 4 Berlin on Bike C3 5 Berliner Unterwelten A1 Sleeping 6 Ackselhaus & Blue Home D4 7 Brilliant Apartments B3 8EastSeven Berlin HostelC4 9Hotel Kastanienhof B4 10Meininger Hotel Berlin Prenzlauer BergC4 11 T&C Apartments C1 Eating 12 A Magica C1 13 Gugelhof C4 14 Konnopke's Imbiss C3 15 Lucky Leek C4 16 Oderquelle B3 17 Si An D3 Drinking 18 Anna Blume D3 19 August Fengler C3 20 Becketts Kopf C2 21 Deck 5 C1 22 Marietta C2 23 Prater C3 Shopping 24Flohmarkt am Arkonaplatz B3 25 Flohmarkt am Mauerpark B3 26 Kollwitzplatzmarkt C3 27 Ta(u)sche C2 Thanks to these changed demographics, Prenzlauer Berg has slowly but irrevocably lost its standing as a hipster and party quarter.

Whiteshift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities
by Eric Kaufmann
Published 24 Oct 2018

Many whites may also experience a sense of loss in contemplating the idea of Harlem losing its black character. As a consequence, black residents, as well as white Harlem residents with an ethno-traditional neighbourhood identity, will wish to advocate policies to slow the rate of change. In Harlem this might involve zoning to prevent gentrification of low-cost housing or a sons-and-daughters policy in public housing to retain black residents. In Britain, prospective immigrants from the Caribbean could receive extra consideration because they are an established group in decline. Adjusting our scale to the level of regions such as Cornwall in England, where there has been an influx of people from around Greater London, illustrates once again why groups may have demographic interests.

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Instead, we find the opposite pattern. In addition, a curve based on the square of initial white share, not a straight line, best fits the data in both cases. As the curve reaches 85–90 per cent white in 2000–2001, it appears to kink upwards. Naturally there are exceptions like Brixton in London or Brooklyn, New York, where gentrification has taken place. This shows up as the line of dots on the left side of the American graph where there is a spike of places that were less than 10 per cent white in 2000 but had rapid white growth in the 2000s. Still, the overwhelming story, which the statistical models tell, is one in which whites are moving towards the most heavily white neighbourhoods.

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So, too, when a historically ethnic-majority area with strong local traditions like Barking, England, becomes superdiverse, this is experienced as a tragedy. Little can be done within a country since people are welcome to move where they please and must be free to find accommodation. Nevertheless, some measures, even if symbolic, could be taken. In Harlem, attempts could be made to limit gentrification to certain areas, attract potential black residents, protect key historic landmarks and possibly pursue a ‘sons and daughters’ points policy in public housing to try to slow the rate of change. Cultural protection is already recognized in the right of Native Indian bands to use cultural criteria to select who is allowed to live on reserves.

The Rough Guide to Paris
by Rough Guides
Published 1 May 2023

Paris has traditionally kept its suburbs at arm’s length, keeping its eyes shut and holding its nose, but measures have been taken to break down the barriers between the two, including the creation in 2016 of the Métropole du Grand Paris (see box, page 357) and a planned massive expansion of public transport over the next ten to fifteen years. While transport links with central Paris are being improved, and areas like Pantin on the northeast edge of the city by the Canal Ourcq are drawing interest from digital and creative businesses, gentrification is a slow – and, as always with urban gentrification, a not uncontroversial – process. All of the sights listed in this chapter are accessible by RER, métro and bus. Sights further afield, for which you’ll need to take a train or have access to a car, are covered in Chapter 17 Day-trips from Paris (see page 232). Saint-Ouen flea market http://marcheauxpuces-saintouen.com • MPorte de Clignancourt, from where it’s a 5min walk up the busy av de la Porte-de-Clignancourt, passing under the périphérique, or MGaribaldi, from where you approach the market from the north, along rue Kléber, rue Edgar-Quinet and rue des Rosiers The vast Saint-Ouen market, sometimes called the Clignancourt market, is located just outside the northern edge of the 18e arrondissement, in the suburb of Saint-Ouen.

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Minuscule squares still give way to sudden vistas south over the rooftops of central Paris, and the occasional atelier window is a tangible reminder of its illustrious artistic past. In the second half of the twentieth century, Montmartre slumped into a half-life of porn shows and semi-genteel poverty, but has undergone radical gentrification in recent years. Today, though it still has an artsy vibe – beyond the tourist hotspots, that is – and retains a relatively healthy ethnic mix, the neighbourhood is primarily the domain of the young and moneyed rather than impoverished artists and sex workers. The liveliest section is around Abbesses métro, with its many bijou bars and restaurants, getting scruffier – and hipper – as it extends down to Pigalle, where the old sleazy edge has not yet quite been cleaned away.

Insight Guides Pocket Turkey (Travel Guide eBook)
by Insight Guides
Published 31 Jul 2019

The city has witnessed the passing of Greeks and Romans, flowered in the 6th century under the Emperor Justinian, and rose from ruin and neglect during the 15th century, when Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II set about building mosques, monuments and the magnificent Topkapı Palace. Now as vast real-estate development and modernization have changed the city into a giant construction site, rapid gentrification and an appetite for public green spaces has provoked many social protests, most notably those in Gezi Park in 2013. The city’s stunning setting on the hilly terrain of two continents, bisected by boat-choked waterways, is bound to disorient the newcomer, while the monuments, scents and the omnipresence of the exotic can be overwhelming.

Radical Technologies: The Design of Everyday Life
by Adam Greenfield
Published 29 May 2017

With their inherent diversity and complexity, we can usefully think of cities as tragic. As individuals and communities, the people who live in them hold to multiple competing and equally valid conceptions of the good, and it’s impossible to fully satisfy all of them at the same time. A wavefront of gentrification can open up exciting new opportunities for young homesteaders, small retailers and craft producers, in other words, but tends to displace the very people who’d given a neighborhood its desirable character and identity in the first place. An increased police presence on the streets of a district reassures some residents, but makes others uneasy, and puts yet others at definable risk.

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An augmented view returning the layered past to the present, in such a way as to color our understanding of the things all around us, might well prove to be more emotionally resonant than any conventional monument. Byzantium, old Edo, Roman Londinium, even New Amsterdam: each of these historical sites is rife with traces we might wish to surface in the city that occupies the same land at present. Neighborhoods overwhelmed by more recent waves of colonization, gentrification or redevelopment, too, offer us opportunities to consider just how we arrived at our moment in time. It would surely be instructive to retrieve some record of the jazz- and espresso-driven Soho of the 1950s and layer it over what stands there at present; the same goes for the South Bronx of 1975.

Dawn of Detroit
by Tiya Miles
Published 13 Sep 2017

The burn that Detroiters feel—that the nation uncomfortably intuits as it looks upon the beleaguered city as a symbol of progress and of defeat—traces back through distant time, to the global desire to make lands into resources, the drive to turn people into things, the quest for imperial dominance, and the tolerance for ill-gotten gain. We attach a series of words—coded and clean—to the residue left behind by that fire: racial tension, white flight, industrial decline, financial collapse, political corruption, economic development, even gentrification and renaissance. But the challenges faced by the residents of this city, and increasingly by residents of all of our industrial urban places, are not neat or new. Deep histories flow beneath present inequalities, silent as underground freshwater streams. The racial and class divisions that set groups against one another are old, aquatic creatures.

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Our Department of Afroamerican and African Studies was centrally involved in this activity along with faculty in Social Work, Sociology, Urban Planning, and the Residential College, so I sat in on these discussions with urban planners, sociologists of the city, and twentieth-century urban historians, which heightened and sharpened my interest in Detroit. Although my peers were discussing postindustrial society, food deserts, green spaces, mass incarceration, and the pitfalls of gentrification, I could see links between this modern (and postmodern) Detroit and the Detroit of the colonial and early American eras when slavery was practiced. I began to visit Detroit museums and historic sites in southeastern Michigan to try to feel the outlines of a story I might tell even as my imagination was captured by a quotation by a colleague involved in the Detroit School discussions, the historian Charles Bright, who had written the following about Detroit history in an article in the Journal of American History: The dominant historical discourse [on Detroit] is one of rise and fall, spiked by an immense nostalgia for the city that once (briefly) was.

The People vs. Democracy: Why Our Freedom Is in Danger and How to Save It
by Yascha Mounk
Published 15 Feb 2018

Tenants in London, for example, now spend a staggering 72 percent of their income on rent, making the exploding cost of housing by far and away the most important reason why their living standards have not improved in decades.36 The staggering cost of housing in metropolitan centers also has a pernicious impact on people who are unable to pay those exorbitant rents. As the process of gentrification advances, many people who grew up in urban areas are pushed out—and wind up being cut off from both their support networks and the economic opportunities offered by major cities.37 Many people who have grown up in less affluent rural areas, meanwhile, remain permanently locked out of the most productive regions in the country, making it even more difficult for them to better their lot.

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See Egalitarianism Equal protection under the law, 202 Erasmus, Desiderius, 250 Erdoğan, Ali, 46–47 Erdoğan, Recep, 38, 40, 42, 188, 256 Estonia: attitude toward democracy, 106–107; immigration in, 176; political radicalism of youth, 121; support for authoritarian leader, 112; support for military rule, 111 Ethnic cleansing, 164 Ethnic disappearance, 175–177 Ethnic discrimination, 199–200 Ethnic homogeneity, 16, 163–166, 170–173, 177, 181, 193 Ethnic minorities: in Belgium, 212; in Britain, 212; in Canada, 15; and cultural appropriations, 203; and education, 211–212; in France, 209–210; in Germany, 32, 164, 211–213; as guest laborers, 165; in multiethnic empires, 163; and nationalism, 163–164, 199–200; in Poland, 164, 175–176; and populism, 40–41, 43, 166, 233; rights of, 13, 27, 96, 113, 207; in Spain, 164; tolerance toward, 179–180, 196; Trump’s attitude toward, 119; in United States, 15, 178, 199–200 Eurobarometer survey, 176 European Central Bank, 12, 68, 92 European Commission, 12, 66, 76 European Convention of Human Rights, 72 European Parliament, 66 European Union, 39, 94, 196, 243; and Brexit, 25, 46, 120–121, 166, 198, 216–217; bureaucracy of, 8, 66, 197–198; democracy in, 243; elections in, 66; free trade in, 76; and Greek debt, 11–12; and immigration, 176; and judicial review, 72; and lobbyists, 86; and Poland, 125, 127–129; populist parties in, 34; as undemocratic liberalism, 36, 59; values of, 125, 127 Eurozone, 11–12, 198 Exclusionary nationalism, 201 Executive orders, 116, 187, 257 Facebook, 18, 44, 58, 139–140, 143, 145, 148–150, 237, 239–241 Fact checking, 237 Fake news, 17, 32, 44, 135, 145, 238–240 Farage, Nigel, 7 Fascism, 35, 50–51, 68, 122–123, 164, 205, 244–245, 251 Fears: demographic, 174–178, 213; playing upon, 7–8 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 119, 258 Federal Communications Commission, 64–66 Federalist, 55 Feingold, Russ, 82 Fidesz, 10 Fifteenth Amendment, 56 Filibusters, 117 Finland: attitude toward democracy, 106–107; Parliament, 32; political radicalism of youth, 121; populism in, 33; support for authoritarian leader, 112; support for military rule, 111; youth vote, 122 First Amendment, 82, 244 Florus, 263–264 Foa, Roberto Stefan, 105 Food stamps, 218 Founding Fathers, 6, 55–57, 70, 83, 88, 207, 245, 252, 257 Fox News, 44 France, 1, 24–25, 32, 83, 98, 193, 196–197, 224, 254, 262; approval ratings of presidents, 101–102; attitude toward democracy, 106–107; and citizenship, 209; corruption in, 90; democracy in, 1; education in, 91, 211; elections in, 33, 42, 101, 188; environmental issues, 115–116; French Revolution, 30, 43, 195; immigration in, 169–170, 176, 209–211; income distribution in, 152–153; Islam in, 41, 176; judiciary in, 72; living standards in, 153; Parliament, 32, 41; political parties in, 2; political radicalism of youth, 121; populism in, 7–8, 33, 38–39, 41–42, 121–122, 169–170, 188, 201; social media in, 148; support for authoritarian leader, 112; support for military rule, 111; Vichy Regime, 51; wages in, 155; youth vote, 122 France Insoumise, 121 Francis (pope), 145 Franklin, Benjamin, 83 Freedom, 130, 187, 199, 251, 264, 266 Freedom House, 104 Freedom of assembly, 127 Freedom of association, 26–27 Freedom of religion, 27, 47–48, 164 Freedom of speech, 13, 18, 26–27, 82, 127, 164, 179, 203, 205–206, 238–239 Freedom of the press, 2, 6, 9, 26–27, 44–45 Freedom Party, 42, 114 Free market, 221 Free trade, 74–76 French Revolution, 30, 43, 195 Friedman, Thomas, 142–143 Front National, 33, 51, 209–210 Fukuyama, Francis, 3–4 Fundraising events, 88, 187 Furedi, Frank, 34–35 Gallatin County, IL, 170 Gallup Poll, 99, 157 Garland, Merrick, 117–118 Gender discrimination, 212–213 Gentrification, 225 Georgia (country), 197 Georgia (state), 84 Germans, 164–165, 175 Germany, 3, 9, 12, 193, 195–197, 201, 224, 243, 254; attitude toward democracy, 106–107; Bundestag, 50, 164; central bank in, 67–68; and citizenship, 19, 64; Constitution, 50–51, 206–207; corruption in, 80, 90; democracy in, 3, 110; education in, 211, 228; elections in, 166, 170; ethnic minorities in, 212–213; immigration in, 15–16, 19, 29–31, 48–50, 166, 175; Islam in, 29–31, 35; judiciary in, 46, 212–213; living standards in, 153; media in, 30, 32, 49; multiethnicity in, 169; nationalism in, 163–165; political radicalism of youth, 121; populism in, 7, 34–35, 41, 48–51, 170; protests in, 29–31; Prussia, 13, 53; support for authoritarian leader, 112; support for military rule, 110–111; Third Reich, 68, 114, 164, 205; wages in, 155; Weimar Republic, 66 Gerrymandering, 116, 118, 244 Gilens, Martin, 77–78 Gini coefficient, 152 Ginsburg, Tom, 71 Globalism, 42 Globalization, 17, 37, 75, 142, 157, 180, 196, 217–218, 220–222, 234–235 Goldman Sachs, 40 Gordon, Robert J., 69 Government Accountability Office, 211 Government legitimacy, 103 Gracchus, Gaius, and Tiberius, 262 Greece, 7, 224, 243; ancient, 13, 56–57, 151, 161–162, 204, 253; debt crisis, 11–13, 94–95; elections in, 11, 33; guest laborers from, 165; labor market in, 230; media in, 12, 44–45; political parties in, 2–3, 33; political radicalism of youth, 121; populism in, 11; youth vote, 122 Green parties, 180 Green Revolution, 149 Grillo, Beppe, 33, 38–39, 45, 114–115 Gros, Daniel, 68 Gross, Jan, 127 Gross domestic product, 36, 74, 81, 125, 218, 227 Growth.

Lonely Planet Amsterdam
by Lonely Planet

But the district's feel is more attributable to its history. The area's 1860s tenement blocks provided cheap housing for newly arrived industrial-revolution workers. In the 1960s and '70s many working-class residents left for greener pastures and the government refurbished the tenement blocks for immigrants. Inhabited today by all walks of life, with gentrification continuing apace, this arty, foodie neighbourhood retains a strong community-oriented spirit. Start your day trawling the stalls at the Albert Cuypmarkt before strolling peaceful Sarphatipark. Explore the streets' boutiques and speciality shops – and choose your dinner destination from the overwhelming options – before heading to the Heineken Experience.

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Oosterpark & East of the Amstel Sights Eating Drinking & Nightlife Entertainment Shopping Oosterpark & East of the Amstel Neighbourhood Top Five 1Tropenmuseum Browsing the impressive and creatively displayed ethnographic collection, plus imaginative exhibitions and a children's museum. 2Dappermarkt Sniffing out the Turkish pide stall amid multi-pack sock vendors. 3Oosterpark Relaxing with the locals, and seeking out the political monuments and wild parrots. 4Park Frankendael Exploring the thousand shades of green in this romantic park, formerly the weekend escape of Amsterdam's glitterati. 5Distilleerderij 't Nieuwe Diep Sampling some of the 100 or so gins at this divine little lakeside distillery, tucked away in Flevopark like the gingerbread house from Hansel and Gretel. Explore Oosterpark & East of the Amstel Oost is gradually seeing the tendrils of gentrification winding through the neigbourhood, with cafes, boutiques, bread makers, restaurants and hip hotels popping up everywhere. However, this is still an area with lots of local life and vitality, with many different communities living side by side, a fact that's most obvious when you browse through the area's Dappermarkt: stalls of knickers flap in the breeze as women in headscarves push buggies through the throng and you can feast on kebabs, piled-high dried fruit or fried fish.

Work Won't Love You Back: How Devotion to Our Jobs Keeps Us Exploited, Exhausted, and Alone
by Sarah Jaffe
Published 26 Jan 2021

There are, of course, paths to art-making that don’t truck (mostly) with the Art World. Graffiti and street art, Davis argued, are essentially reactions to neoliberalism—reflections of the decline of the industrial core of so many cities, leaving fertile space for painting, on the one hand, and of gentrification, on the other, as advertising thrusts itself into every facet of urban life. Like the subway breakdancers who can turn an average commute into a moment of magic, graffiti typically isn’t recognized as “art,” because of where it takes place and its position outside of the law—although galleries have begun to embrace street artists, too, welcoming them inside the shifting boundaries of art worlds. 39 So-called “outsider” artists, who make their work disconnected from any art world and often even from the kind of community that shapes something like graffiti, demonstrate a few of these contradictions.

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After the 2016 fire at Ghost Ship, an artists’ collective in an old warehouse in rapidly gentrifying Oakland, California, which killed thirty-six people, Alexander Billet and Adam Turl of Red Wedge Magazine wrote, “America hates its artists. America hates its young working-class people.” The victims of the fire, they argued, “are victims of an art and music economy that doesn’t work for the majority of artists and musicians. They are dead because art has become financialized. They are dead because gentrification is taking away our right to the city—and pushing artists and young workers to the margins—especially (but not only) artists of color.” 51 Creativity in all these ways has been turned from a basic human quality, one that anyone is capable of expressing, to a private preserve, enclosed behind the boundaries of its own world.

Democracy and Prosperity: Reinventing Capitalism Through a Turbulent Century
by Torben Iversen and David Soskice
Published 5 Feb 2019

Because college graduates are at the higher end of the distribution it has the effect of increasing the demand for family residences in a city with a large graduate population, raising house prices, initially in “better” areas of big cities. As prices rise there, demand shifts to inner-city areas, often with attractive but rundown housing stock (gentrification). It is likely that these processes are self-reinforcing, because they encourage further assortative mating, leading to additional upwards pressure on house prices. In the next section in this chapter we look at increasing educational and geographical segregation; we will see that one element in this is the movement of less-skilled (nongraduates) out of big cities into peripheral areas as a result of rising house prices.

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Public actors could have stepped in to push for rapid mass transport systems to link agglomerative cities to peripheral areas, but this only happened to a limited extent, although there is considerable cross-national variation. In general, young professionals and public authorities have strong reasons for promoting gentrification, because it typically involves many young graduates simultaneously, and thus presents much less of a collective action problem than might be remotely involved in developing a commuter community in a peripheral area without mass transport. And, from the perspective of public authorities, it is both a cheaper option than commuter communities and much less risky.

Frommer's Los Angeles 2010
by Matthew Richard Poole
Published 28 Sep 2009

VENICE BEA CH Created b y tobacco mogul Abbot Kinney (who set out in 1904 to transform a worthless marsh into a resort town modeled after Venice, I taly), Venice Beach has a series of narr ow canals connected by one-lane bridges that you’ll see as you explore this r efreshingly eclectic community. It was once infested with grime and crime, but gentrification has brought scores of gr eat r estaurants, boutiques, and rising property v alues for the canal-side homes and apar tment duplex es. E ven the mo vie stars are moving in: Dennis Hopper, Anjelica Huston, Nicolas Cage, and J ulia R oberts r eside her e. S ome of L.A. ’s most innovative and interesting architecture lines funky M ain Street.

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In room: A/C, TV/ DVD, movie library, CD player, fridge, Wi-Fi (free). 4 H O L LY W O O D The geographical area called Hollywood is actually smaller and less glamor ous than you might expect. In fact, throughout most of the 1980s and 1990s, H ollywood was pretty much a shambles. But the neighborhood has undergone a major overhaul of late—along the lines of the reinvention of New York City’s Times Square—that has turned the seedy area back into tourism central. The re-gentrification is ongoing, but I still don ’t recommend heading down dark alleys on moonless nights. That said, Hollywood is definitely cleaner and safer than it has been in decades. What’s more, the hotels below are great for travelers looking for good midpriced and budget lodging, and families will like the easy freeway access to Universal Studios.

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Museum admission $7 adults, $4.50 seniors 62 and older and students with ID, $2 children ages 5–12, free for kids 5 and under; free for everyone the 1st Tues of every month. Museum hours M on–Fri 9:30am–5pm; Sat– Sun 10am–5pm. Parking $6 with validation, $8 without validation. L.A. LIVE The ne w L.A. LIVE “ entertainment campus ” is the keystone of L.A. ’s Downtown gentrification pr oject. This being Los Angeles, the envy-me capital of the world, L.A. LIVE will ev entually become one of the largest and flashiest mix ed-use entertainment complexes in the world, costing $2.5 billion to build and co vering more than 6 city blocks (hence its nickname—T imes S quare West).

Because We Say So
by Noam Chomsky

At the forefront of the assault on nature are those who call themselves the most advanced and civilized: the richest and most powerful nations. The struggle to defend the commons takes many forms. In microcosm, it is taking place right now in Turkey’s Taksim Square, where brave men and women are protecting one of the last remnants of the commons of Istanbul from the wrecking ball of commercialization and gentrification and autocratic rule that is destroying this ancient treasure. The defenders of Taksim Square are at the forefront of a worldwide struggle to preserve the global commons from the ravages of that same wrecking ball—a struggle in which we must all take part, with dedication and resolve, if there is to be any hope for decent human survival in a world that has no borders.

Lonely Planet Pocket Barcelona
by Lonely Planet and Anthony Ham
Published 31 Aug 2012

New-Wave Shopping Nobodinoz (www.nobodinoz.com; Carrer de Sèneca 9; 10.30am-2.30pm & 4.30-8.30pm Mon-Sat; Diagonal) claims to be Spain’s first concept store for kids. The range of toys, clothes, furnishings and knick-knacks drifts from vintage to chic and is all about the new Gràcia. Scandinavian Design The gentrification of southern Gràcia isn’t just for kids. Snö Mito Nórdico (Carrer de Sèneca 33; 10.30am-2.30pm & 4.30-8.30pm Mon-Sat; Diagonal ) brings the best in Nordic fashions – think achingly cool and crisp lines – to Barcelona, as well as stunning home accessories as only the Scandinavians can make them.

A Framework for Understanding Poverty
by Ruby K. Payne
Published 4 May 2012

The author says she "didn't spend a lot of time worrying about nutrition, just volume enough to quell hunger pains." "The poor are usually as confined by their poverty as if they lived in a maximum security prison. There is not much exposure to other ways of life, unless their neighborhood starts to undergo gentrification." In describing her friend Nora's situation, the author writes: "Born into what I think of as the `lost-out' generation, just pre-baby boom, Nora says there wasn't much questioning going on: you obeyed your parents and your teachers; middle-class values and expectations weren't suspect, everyone you knew bought into them.

The Rough Guide to Amsterdam
by Martin Dunford , Phil Lee and Karoline Thomas
Published 4 Jan 2010

Unsurprisingly, it was a highly politicized area, where protests against poor conditions were frequent, often coordinated by an influential and well-organized Communist Party. In the postwar period the slums were either cleared or renovated, but rocketing property prices in the wealthier parts of the city pushed middle-class professionals into the Jordaan from the early 1980s. This process of gentrification was at first much resented, but today the area is home to many young and affluent “alternative” Amsterdammers, who rub shoulders more or less affably with working-class Jordaaners with long-standing local roots. The Jordaan and Western docklands | The Jordaan | Leidsegracht and Elandsgracht The southern boundary of the Jordaan is generally deemed to be the Leidsegracht, though this is open to debate; according to dyed-in-the-wool locals the true Jordaaner is born within earshot of the Westerkerk bells, and you’d be hard-pushed to hear the chimes this far south.

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New development beyond the Singelgracht began around 1870, but after laying down the street plans of De Pijp, the city council left the actual house-building to private developers, who constructed the long rows of largely featureless five- and six-storey buildings that still dominate the area today. It is these sombre canyons of brick tenements that gave the district its name as the apartments were said to resemble pipe-drawers: each had a tiny street frontage but extended deep into the building. De Pijp remains a largely working-class neighbourhood and, despite some gentrification, it is still one of the city’s more closely-knit communities, and a cosmopolitan one to boot, with many new immigrants – Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish and Asian – finding a home here. Nevertheless, specific attractions in De Pijp are thin on the ground, being principally confined to the Heineken Experience and the Albert Cuypstraat open-air market.

Concretopia: A Journey Around the Rebuilding of Postwar Britain
by John Grindrod
Published 2 Nov 2013

I think the trouble will be if they sell them all off and they get sold to buy-to-let people and it’s less well-off people living in them but still really transient, so you don’t have the benefit of it being council tenants where at least they’re permanent, at least they’ve got a stake.’ Had the gentrification already begun? ‘The thing is you can’t really tell that easily because there’s a whole lot of artists wandering around who almost by definition sort of are middle class. I know there’s at least one guy on this corridor who bought his flat because it was stylish rather than because it was cheap.

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London, at least according to popular myth, was swinging, but housing conditions were still primitive and grim for millions who lived around Britain. The latest revolution in planning would soon start to have tangible effects. Heath’s government encouraged building societies to make mortgages easier to come by, and that engendered an early seventies boom in home ownership – and in do-it-yourself. There followed a flurry of gentrification as homeowners began to do up houses in seedy London squares in Islington, Notting Hill and Lambeth. These were the kinds of places that until recently, private landlords such as racketeer Peter Rachman had been dividing up into tiny flats in order to charge extortionate rents to poor tenants.

Ukraine
by Lonely Planet

More quintessentially Ukrainian than the rest of the country, and distinctly more European, the west is all about its largest city, the Galician capital of Lviv. One of Ukraine’s great hopes for tourism, the city is a truly captivating place, rich in historic architecture and with an indulgent coffee-house culture, but only a fraction of the tourist hordes who choke similar city-break destinations such as Krakow and Prague. Early signs of gentrification have yet to smother its shabby authenticity. The Soviets ruled for only 50 years here, making the west the most foreigner-friendly province with less surly ‘no-can-do’ bureaucracy than in eastern regions. People here speak Ukrainian (rather than Russian) and show greater pride in Ukrainian traditions than elsewhere.

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But back in 1913, a Russian travel guide remarked that Yalta was a long way from the Riviera in terms of comforts and civilization. And it hasn’t got any closer, despite the extremely beautiful setting in the shade of the chalk-faced Mt Ay-Petri. A workers’ paradise in the Soviet times, Yalta was badly hit by the wild commercialisation of the 1990s, but it is undergoing a visible gentrification. The view from the spruced-up seaside promenade, lined with swaying palm-trees, is no longer obscured by the rusting carcasses of sunken boats in the harbour. And a very happy-looking granite Lenin seems particularly pleased when babushkas gather at sunset to dance the waltz and polka on the plaza that still bears his name.

Off the Books
by Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh

It is a portrait of "social isolation," to borrow the sociologist William Julius Wilson's phrasing, that is evident in both the physical and social remove of the inner city from the societal mainstream.1 Contributing to the alienation of the inner city is the lack of adequate support for commercial activity for residents and outside parties seeking to make investments there. One hears every so often of gentrification initiatives that promise to revitalize, but these exceptional cases of development activity typically do not provide support for local development in a way that might directly benefit the indigenous population. There are many factors that shape commercial prospects for urban poor communities.

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They receive far less attention than their counterparts who have left the ghetto and formed successful businesses elsewhere. And so they should remind us that the inner city's entrepreneurial capacity is not restricted to its potential as a space of development for outside parties—which is typically the view of civic and government leaders who support urban renewal and gentrification. Perhaps the most illuminating study of work in American ghettos was written nearly a half century ago, in the sixties. In Tally's Corner, Eliot Liebow studied inner-city streetcorner men, not small business owners, but his writings are still instructive. Unlike the middle-class bureaucrat, made popular in William H.

The Unicorn's Secret
by Steven Levy
Published 6 Oct 2016

George Keegan, another member of the group, explains that “We began using the ideas of synergy applied to South Street. We were going to take it—young and arrogant, and unknowing—and lift it up out of the ashes, get it going again.” (The group’s efforts were so successful that the neighborhood became an active arts mecca; ironically, this set into motion a gentrification process that eventually drove out the original community that Synergy set out to aid.) Ira became a frequent visitor to the frequent parties in Bissinger’s small townhouse on American Street, participated in the Synergy street fairs, and afterward was involved when the Synergy people bought an old paint factory and converted it to a theater and community center named WPCP, an acronym that meant either Where Planets Coexist Peacefully, or Work Peacefully Communicate Patiently, depending on who explained it.

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Robert Pearce, the detective instrumental in solving the case, died in December 1987. Robert J. Stevens, the Tyler detective whom the Madduxes hired, is still in practice. Michael Chitwood, who conducted the search of Einhorn’s apartment, is the police chief in Portland, Maine. Powelton Village is striving to maintain its character in the face of gentrification and further encroachment by Drexel University. La Terrasse is still thriving, still owned by Ira’s friend Eliot Cook. Judy Wicks, the former manager, has opened a restaurant on the same block. The Lerner Court Apartments on 3411 Race Street still stand. The second-floor rear apartment has been renovated, and the area that was formerly a porch is now an enclosed room.

The New Enclosure: The Appropriation of Public Land in Neoliberal Britain
by Brett Christophers
Published 6 Nov 2018

In fact, so heavy is this inflection that when, in the early 1960s, the sociologist Ruth Glass groped for a suitable term to capture the process whereby working-class residential districts of London were ‘invaded’ and renovated by the middle classes, resulting in displacement of the original inhabitants, her preference was for a word laced with the rurality of the traditional British land–power–wealth nexus: ‘gentrification’.1 Historically, the British landed gentry was, by definition, a rural gentry; ‘gentrification’ brought landed power and wealth to the city. Yet, by the end of the nineteenth century, upwards of three-quarters of British people were already town or city dwellers. Britain had rapidly and profoundly urbanized – economically, socially and culturally.

Rule Britannia: Brexit and the End of Empire
by Danny Dorling and Sally Tomlinson
Published 15 Jan 2019

Nevertheless, within England there has been internal colonialism. It is not a ‘united’ kingdom. The north-east region of the UK is as poor as many parts of Eastern Europe. Inner London is now one of the richest parts of both the UK and Europe. But this is due to the short-term effects of the 1990s financial boom, which ushered in gentrification that, in practice, brought about social cleansing – as there was no longer space for new middle-income English hopefuls to arrive, apart from those prepared to accept Rachman-type rented housing.8 BRITISH FAILINGS AND HOPE If you think the UK is united, think of the blazing image of Grenfell Tower, in the heart of London, and whether there is anywhere else in Europe where the people who make the city work – the cleaners and traders, electricians and bus drivers, the bulk of those who live in social housing (and their families) – are held in such disdain by those in power.9 The disdain may not be obvious to you, if you are easily fooled by upper-class ‘charm’ and ‘civility’.

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H. 1 Lawrence, Doreen 1 Lawrence, Stephen 1, 2 Leadsom, Andrea 1, 2 Leave.EU campaign 1, 2 Leeson, Nick 1 Legatum Institute 1, 2 Lenin, Vladimir 1 LeRoy Locke, Alain 1 Letwin, Oliver 1 Levy, Andrea 1 Lewis, Brandon 1, 2 Lexit 1 Liberal Democrats 1 Liberini, Federica 1 Lidington, David 1 life expectancy 1 ‘Lion and the Unicorn, The’ (Orwell) 1 Lloyd, T. O. 1 London inequality in 1, 2 abstentions in EU referendum 1, 2, 3, 4 multiculturalism in 1 fall in immigration to 1, 2 wealthy immigrants in 1 housing in 1, 2, 3 consequences of EU referendum 1 gentrification in 1 Lucas, Caroline 1, 2 Lumley, Joanna 1 Luyendijk, Joris 1, 2 Lynch, Patrick 1 McCarthy, Joseph 1 MacDonald, Ramsay 1 McDonnell, John 1 Mackinder, Halford 1 McLoughlin, Patrick 1 McVey, Esther 1, 2 Maier, Juergen 1 Major, John 1 Malthus, Thomas 1 Manchester City 1 Manchester Guardian 1 Manning, Ralph 1 manufacturing industry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Manzoor, Sarfraz 1 Markle, Meghan 1, 2 Marquand, David 1 Martin, Kingsley 1 Massie, Alex 1 May, Philip 1 May, Theresa support from DUP 1 changed position on Brexit 1 portrait removal 1 belief in selective education 1, 2 use of nuclear weapons 1 and US steel tariffs 1 suggests transition period 1 Florence speech 1 speeches to Conservative Party conference 1 and fourth industrial revolution 1 position on immigration 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Windrush scandal 1 becomes Prime Minister 1 and 2017 general election 1 Davos speech 1 invokes Article 1 2 Mercer, Johnny 1 Merkel, Angela 1 Meynell, Francis 1 MI5 1, 2 MI6 1 Miliband, Ed 1 Mill, James 1 Miller, Edgar 1 Miller, Gina 1 Minford, Patrick 1, 2 Modood, Tariq 1, 2 Moore, Suzanne 1 Mosley, Oswald 1, 2 Mundell, David 1 Murdoch, Rupert 1 Muslim Council of Britain 1, 2 Myerson, George 1 National Front 1, 2 National Health Service 1, 2 National Organization of Deported Migrants (NODM) 1 National Service 1 Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act (2002) 1 New Statesman 1 New World-Wide Geographies, The (Stembridge) 1 New York Times 1, 2, 3 New Zealand 1 Northern Ireland negotiations over border 1 abstentions in EU referendum 1 and customs union ‘backstop’ 1 Oakeshott, Isabel 1 obesity as factor in referendum 1, 2 and inequality 1, 2 Observer, The 1, 2 Odey, Crispin 1 Office for National Statistics 1 On the Origin of Species (Darwin) 1, 2, 3 Opium Wars 1 Ormosi, Peter 1, 2, 3 Orwell, George 1, 2, 3, 4 Osborne, George 1 Oswald, Andrew J. 1 Oxford University 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Paisley Jr, Ian 1 Panama Papers 1 Paradise Papers 1, 2 Parris, Matthew 1 Patel, Priti 1 patriotism 1, 2, 3 Patten, Chris 1, 2, 3 Pearl, Raymond 1, 2 Pearson, Karl 1, 2, 3 Peston, Robert 1 Philby, Kim 1 Philip, Prince 1, 2, 3 Philipps, Rhodri 1 Piers Gaveston dining society 1 Piris, Jean-Claude 1 Pitt, William 1 Policy Exchange 1 Polish Resettlement Act (1947) 1 pollution 1 Porter, Bernard 1 Portes, Jonathan 1 poverty lack of empathy for 1 and nutrition 1 under austerity 1, 2 Powell, Enoch and Darwinism 1 encouraged immigration 1 ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech 1 views on European Union 1, 2, 3 Proto, Eugenio 1 Pursglove, Tom 1 Putin, Vladimir 1 Raab, Dominic 1, 2, 3 race/racism in 1970s 1 and British Empire 1 and immigration 1 of Cecil Rhodes 1 and inequality 1 and sense of ‘fairness’ 1 and Brexit 1 Rae, Alasdair 1 Ramsay, Adam 1, 2, 3 Rand, Ayn 1 Ransome, Arthur 1 Redoano, Michela 1 Rees-Mogg, Jacob at Oxford University 1 on transition period 1 in European Research Group 1 and Paradise Papers 1 wealth of 1 and divisions in Conservative Party 1 Reeves, Rachel 1 referendum on EEC membership (1975) 1, 2, 3, 4 referendum on EU membership (2016) abstentions in 1, 2, 3 age as factor in 1, 2, 3 geography as factor in 1, 2 class as factor in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 political repercussions of 1 sense of own finances as factor in 1 educational levels as factor in 1 obesity as factor in 1, 2 immigration as factor in 1, 2 gender as factor in 1 impact on immigration 1 Leave campaigns 1, 2, 3 consequences of 1 Referendum Party 1 Rhodes, Cecil 1, 2, 3 Rhodes scholarship 1, 2, 3 Ricardo, David 1, 2 Rimington, Stella 1 Robinson, Joan Violet 1 Rolet, Xavier 1 Rothschild, Nathaniel 1 Royal College of Paediatricians and Child Health 1 royal family 1 Rudd, Amber 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ‘Rule Britannia’ (Arne) 1, 2 Rwanda 1 Sachs, Jeffrey 1 Sadler, Michael 1 Sahlberg, Pasi 1 Sánchez, Óscar Arias 1 Sankara, Thomas 1 Saudi Arabia 1, 2 Sayer, Duncan 1 Schama, Simon 1 Scotland rejects Brexit legislation 1 independence referendum (2014) 1 abstentions in EU referendum 1 result of EU referendum in 1 in creation of Britain 1 deindustrialisation in 1 Scottish National Party (SNP) 1 Sedwill, Mark 1 selective education 1 Sheppard, Dick 1 Shilliam, Robbie 1 Shinwell, Emmanuel 1 Siddiqui, Nadia 1 Sidera, Sandro 1 slavery 1, 2 Small Island (Levy) 1 Smith, Adam 1, 2 Smith, Julian 1 Social Mobility Commission 1 Sorensen, Reg 1 Sovereign Individual, The (Rees-Mogg) 1 Special Demonstration Squad (SDS) 1 Spectator, The 1 Stander, Julian 1, 2 Starmer, Keir 1 steel industry 1, 2 Stembridge, J.

The Lonely Century: How Isolation Imperils Our Future
by Noreena Hertz
Published 13 May 2020

, Mission Pie, https://missionpie.com/posts/3rd-annual-type-in/. 27 ‘PAN in conversation with Karen Heisler’, Pesticide Action Network, http://www.panna.org/PAN-conversation-Karen-Heisler. 28 Joe Eskenazi, ‘Last meal: Mission Pie will soon close its doors’, Mission Local, 17 June 2019, https://missionlocal.org/2019/06/last-meal-mission-pie-will-soon-close-its-doors/. 29 J.D. Esajian, ‘Rent Report: Highest Rent In US 2020’, Fortune Builders, https://www.fortunebuilders.com/top-10-u-s-cities-with-the-highest-rents/. 30 Nuala Sawyer Bishari, ‘Can the Mission Save Itself from Commercial Gentrification?’, SF Weekly, 13 February 2029, http://www.sfweekly.com/topstories/can-the-mission-save-itself-from-commercial-gentrification/; Kimberly Truong, ‘Historically Latino district in San Francisco on track to lose half its Latino population’, Mashable UK, 30 October 2015, https://mashable.com/2015/10/30/san-francisco-mission-latino-population/; Chris Colin, ‘36 Hours in San Francisco’, New York Times, 11 September 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/14/travel/14hours.html; Joyce E.

Frommer's California 2009
by Matthew Poole , Harry Basch , Mark Hiss and Erika Lenkert
Published 2 Jan 2009

Still, the party goes on, just as he would have wished. So what new finds can you expect from a visit to Napa or Sonoma? Plenty. Downtown N apa continues to expand, with a gorgeous new riverfront walk, hotels and businesses going up faster than you can say “P ass the char donnay,” and ongoing gentrification, which sho ws itself in the likes of the v alley’s first Whole Foods Market and confirmed plans for a Ritz-Carlton to be constructed near Copia. For the visitor , the city ’s most ex citing addition is Oxbow M arket (www.oxbow publicmarket.com), a co-op mar ket hall that opened at the end of 2007.

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Napa 55 miles N of San Francisco Napa ser ves as the commer cial center of the Wine Countr y and the gate way to N apa Valley. Most visitors whiz past it on their way to the hear t of the v alley, but if y ou veer off the highway , you’ll be surprised to disco ver a small but burgeoning community of nearly 75,000 residents and some of the most affordable accommodations in the area. It is also in the pr ocess of gentrification, thanks to r elatively affordable housing and ongoing additions of new restaurants and attractions, the latest of which is Oxbo w Market, a culinary destination by the developer behind San Francisco’s famed Ferry Building Marketplace. Heading north on either Highway 29 or the Silverado Trail leads you to Napa’s wineries and the more quintessential Wine Country atmosphere of vineyards and wideopen country views.

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Inexpensive 4 F O R T B R AG G 10 miles N of Mendocino; 176 miles N of San Francisco As the M endocino coast’s commercial center—hence the site of most of the ar ea’s fastfood restaurants and supermarkets—Fort Bragg is far more down-to-earth than Mendocino. Inexpensive motels and cheap eats used to be its only attractions, but o ver the past few y ears, gentrification has spr ead thr oughout the to wn, as the logging and fishing industries have steadily declined. With no room left to open ne w shops in M endocino, many gallery, boutique, and r estaurant owners have moved up the r oad. The result is a huge incr ease in F ort B ragg’s tourist trade, par ticularly during the Whale F estival in March and Paul Bunyan Days over Labor Day weekend.

I Want to Be Where the Normal People Are
by Rachel Bloom
Published 17 Nov 2020

Oh, what, Imogen, you’re pissed that I’m practicing my (insert special skill again) while we’re talking? It’s called a SPECIAL SKILL and I need to hone it every day because I CARE about my CRAFT. I know what this is really about. You’re angry because I had that ABORTION. That’s right. I said it. ABORTION. Yeah, I’m not afraid to say that and other edgy things out loud. ISRAEL. GENTRIFICATION. THE DEATH OF THE AMERICAN DREAM. INSTAGRAM ADDICTION. REPUBLICANS. BULIMIA. 4CHAN. Remember how it was, Imogen? Remember when we loved each other? Remember when we had lesbian sex so passionately that we BLED? That’s right, we BLED. I don’t know the mechanics of what caused it, but we BLED.

Occupying Wall Street: The Inside Story of an Action That Changed America
by Writers For The 99%
Published 17 Dec 2011

Within two weeks of the occupation of Zuccotti Park in New York, the Occupy Wall Street movement had caught the attention of Cincinnati activists. A group of NGO staffers in the Overthe-Rhine neighborhood, longtime radical activists, and ordinary Cincinnatians began discussing the idea of establishing Occupy Cincinnati. They decided to organize Occupy Cincinnati in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street, but also planned to take on gentrification in Over-the-Rhine. The movement began on October 8 with a march by 800 people from Lytle Park to Fountain Square in the very center of downtown Cincinnati. That night about a dozen people remained at Fountain Square after closing time despite threats of arrest by police. Dozens of other activists marched around the square in solidarity throughout the night, and when morning came, the Occupiers remained.

Fly by Wire: The Geese, the Glide, the Miracle on the Hudson
by William Langewiesche
Published 10 Nov 2009

Simultaneously, it seems, other Canada geese may have given up on migration simply in response to changes in farming techniques, which left a new abundance of corn on the ground in the Midwest and the Middle Atlantic states. Then came the effects of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, the eventual banning of certain pesticides and chemicals harmful to birds, the imposition of environmental protection laws, and the associated gentrification of former farmlands in places such as Long Island, New Jersey, and Connecticut. The newly nonmigratory giant Canada geese settled comfortably into a paradise with few predators, where hunting was frowned upon, where food was abundant, and where there were plenty of golf courses, corporate lawns, and preserved wetlands to dominate.

The New Class War: Saving Democracy From the Metropolitan Elite
by Michael Lind
Published 20 Feb 2020

For example, most African Americans and Latinos in the US are neither poor nor urban but belong along with most white Americans to the suburban and exurban working class.5 Over time, the share of the heartland population that is nonwhite or mixed race is growing, as both nonwhite immigrants and native minority-group members are driven by rising real estate costs out of hub cities that have grown whiter and richer thanks to gentrification. In the United States, immigrants from Latin America are assimilating to mainstream language and culture and marrying outside of their group at a rate similar to that of European immigrants in the past.6 It is a mistake, therefore, to assume that the hub city ethnic diasporas of today will endure rather than wither away in time as did America’s “Little Italys” and “Little Bohemias.”

Pocket Rough Guide Barcelona (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Mar 2019

Carrer d’Avinyó, running south from C/de Ferran towards the harbour, cuts through the most atmospheric part of the southern Barri Gòtic. Formerly a red-light district, it still looks the part – lined with dark overhanging buildings – but the funky cafés, streetwear shops and boutiques tell the story of its creeping gentrification. A few rough edges still show, particularly around Plaça George Orwell, a favoured hangout for locals with its cheap cafés, restaurants and bars, some of which offer seating on the lively square. La Mercè MAP Drassanes. In the eighteenth century, the harbourside neighbourhood known as La Mercè was home to the nobles and merchants enriched by Barcelona’s maritime trade.

Modern South Asian Kitchen
by Gidda, Sabrina;
Published 11 Jan 2023

Mursal smiles broadly when telling me what this move was like for her, and attributes much of who she is and how she has grown to the multicultural magic of the area. ‘Hackney is a hub of diversity and the immigrant community; diversity brings confidence, it brings innovation, it does so much.’ This confidence enables her to speak out and oppose gentrification in areas that have been home to many different cultures, and defend spaces that rightfully belong to those nurturing and developing them. Her new school hosted something called World Food Day – Somali, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Nigerian, Yemeni, Croatian, Afghan families and food – ‘nobody spoke particularly good English, but you really didn’t need to.

When the Iron Lady Ruled Britain
by Robert Chesshyre
Published 15 Jan 2012

Others described this redistribution as a ‘yuppie tax’, which is somewhat romantic, since most of the victims of Peckham crime are at least as impoverished as the thieves. Why, I asked them, had there been no uprising? It was like living in an earthquake zone, they replied, people get used to the shocks. Yet they were bitter about gentrification and luxury new developments in docklands. The words ‘wine bar’ when lobbed into such a conversation have about the same effect as a hand grenade. Yuppies, they said, appeared to find it trendy to live on the fringes of working-class districts, so long as they did not have to suffer from working-class evils like crime.

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The walkways must come down; people must be given homes and not prison blocks to live in; the police must be returned to the streets; teenagers must be instilled with purpose – there are jobs, at least in London; police chiefs must keep their itchy fingers away from their new military-style equipment. The danger lies in the ‘no go’ mentality. American cities that have refurbished their downtown areas have wrought minor miracles: the same is beginning to be true in Liverpool. The city has to be for all its people: crumbling council properties only streets away from gentrification schemes are a recipe for social disaster. Dave Sutherland’s nightmare of ‘welfare housing’ would signal that Britain had abandoned the post-war drive towards equality of opportunity. On my last day at North Peckham the sun was shining. As I left one front door to step onto a walkway, I ran into about ten kids playing on bicycles.

Wealth and Poverty: A New Edition for the Twenty-First Century
by George Gilder
Published 30 Apr 1981

Because welfare clients receive their apartments free and value them commensurately, and because ghetto streets are full of fatherless youths, welfare housing is invariably “bad housing.” Decent housing is an effect of middle-class values, not a cause. The housing of the poor can only be made “decent” by selling it to the non-poor—that is, by the process disdainfully known in the halls of HUD as “gentrification.” The other prime housing goal of government is racial integration. This would be virtually no problem at all if it were not combined with the goal of class integration, which on any large scale is impossible and undesirable. Black government officials can live wherever they like, and indeed the movement of wealthy blacks into supposedly exclusive suburbs has been proceeding without much notice for the last decades.

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See General Accounting Office Garfinkel, Irvin Gates, Bill GDP GE gender differences, male-female earnings gap and General Accounting Office (GAO) general equilibrium, theory of General Motors General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (John Maynard Keynes) genocide gentrification Germans Germany Giannini, A. P. The Gift (Marcel Mauss) Gilder, George Glazer, Nathan GNP. See Gross National Product God, Inc. God, as foundation of knowledge Goh Chok Tong gold Goldberg, Steven Goldman Sachs The Good Society (Walter Lippmann) Google Gordon, Robert Gore, Al government, blacks and bureaucracies as cause of inflation conglomeration of economic policies investments by job creation by jobs in Keynesianism and economic role of monopoly capitalism and productivity of programs spending by as sump of investment and purchasing power women and government housing government securities Great Barrington (Massachusetts) Great Britain Great Depression greed Greeley, Andrew Greenberg, Maurice “Hank,” Greenwald, Douglas Griggs v.

The Rough Guide to Brussels 4 (Rough Guide Travel Guides)
by Dunford, Martin.; Lee, Phil; Summer, Suzy.; Dal Molin, Loik
Published 26 Jul 2010

ST GIL L E S , AV E NUE L OUI S E AND I XE L L E S One of the smallest of the city’s communes, St Gilles is also one of the most varied, stretching from the impoverished, sometimes threatening streets around the Gare du Midi to the affluent precincts of avenue Louise. Generations of political and economic refugees from the Mediterranean and North Africa have established themselves here, but as the tide of gentrification rolls remorselessly on from east to west, so the district’s demographic make-up is being transformed. The prettiest part of St Gilles is just to the south of the Porte de Hal, and there is one star attraction, the Musée Victor Horta. The Barrière de St Gilles to the Maison and Atelier Dubois From the Hôtel Winssinger, push on south down rue de l’Hôtel des Monnaies until you reach the Barrière de St Gilles – a seven-road junction that was, until the middle of the nineteenth century, the site of a toll gate.

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The Patershol Just east of the castle are the lanes and alleys of the Patershol, a tight web of brick terraced houses dating from the seventeenth century. Once the heart of the Flemish working-class city, this thriving residential quarter had, by the 1970s, become a slum threatened with demolition. After much to-ing and froing, the area was saved from the developers and a process of gentrification began, the result being today’s gaggle of good bars and excellent restaurants.The process is still underway and the fringes of the Patershol remain a ragbag of decay and restoration, but few Belgian cities can boast a more agreeable restaurant and bar district. One specific sight is the grand old Carmelite Monastery on Vrouwebroersstraat, now the Provinciaal Cultuurcentrum Caermersklooster (T 09 269 29 10, W www.caermersklooster.be), which showcases temporary exhibitions of contemporary art, photography, design and fashion.

Amazon Unbound: Jeff Bezos and the Invention of a Global Empire
by Brad Stone
Published 10 May 2021

They should be investing in communities.” A Los Angeles Times columnist called the process “arrogant, naive and more than a teensy bit cynical.” But as Bezos had hoped, the overall response was positive and clarifying. While tech-industry critics in Seattle and Silicon Valley were questioning the tech giants’ role in accelerating gentrification and homelessness, other cities were desperate to host them. The result was an unprecedented public scrum for a once-in-a-generation bounty of high-paying jobs and much needed economic activity. In all, 238 proposals were submitted by the October 19, 2017, deadline. Cities like Detroit, Boston, and Pittsburgh added videos to their applications, touting their charms with soaring music and iMovie-quality special effects.

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* * * In the wake of the awkward HQ2 announcement and the uproar over the helipad, grassroots opposition to Amazon’s proposed expansion into Long Island City exploded. Grassroots organizers, energized by Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s election victory, pivoted to this new cause. Protests were organized at local churches; volunteers walked the streets handing out fliers warning residents that the same forces of gentrification and displacement that had overwhelmed Seattle were going to alter Queens as well. Amazon was caught flat-footed. The company had opted for secrecy instead of on-the-ground preparation and for autonomy over hiring experienced public affairs and lobbying firms to counter any negative reaction.

Fodor's Essential Belgium
by Fodor's Travel Guides
Published 23 Aug 2022

Cafe Maison de Peuples BARS | The hipster-dense Parvis de Saint-Gilles area is stuffed with great bars, but this popular joint is among the more pristine. It does a great brunch, and late-night DJs often go on until late on weekends. It’s named after a demolished Victor Horta–designed building, the loss of which is often used as one of the worst examples of Brussels’s gentrification. EParvis de Saint-Gilles 39, Saint-Gilles P02/850–0908 wwww.cafemdp.com mTram: 3, 4. Chez Moeder Lambic BREWPUBS | The first bar of the Moeder Lambic brewery opened in the 1980s. It’s an icon on the Brussels beer scene, and alongside its own brews, it claims to stock 300 Belgian beers and quite a few foreign ones.

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Chatleroi BARS | In über-trendy Het Zuid, it can be hard to find a traditional “brown café” bar. Chatleroi is the lone survivor, sticking out like a slightly down-at-heels sore thumb, and all the better for it. Old posters, cat paintings, mismatched furniture, and the odd jazz band set the scene for a no-nonsense bar that has survived the area’s gentrification and kept its charm. EGraaf van Hoornestraat 2, South of the Center P0486/600–459 mTram: 4. Het Roze Huis and Café Den Draak BARS | Het Roze Huis (www.hetrozehuis.be) is Antwerp’s gay and lesbian community house, with a straight-friendly café-bar, Den Draak (“The Dragon”), on the ground floor; evenings downstairs tend to run into the small hours on most nights.

The Land of Hope and Fear: Israel's Battle for Its Inner Soul
by Isabel Kershner
Published 16 May 2023

The outpost population numbered about 20,000 and the political right had begun to refer to the unauthorized outposts as “young settlement,” euphemistically masking its outlaw beginnings with a new layer of respectability. For communities like Esh Kodesh, which had already undergone a degree of gentrification, it was time to think long term. The goal was to be counted as normal—not as a semi-permanent settlement of stone-clad prefabricated homes but as an integral, inseparable part of Israel. There was a moment in time, through the combined efforts of the Trump and Netanyahu administrations, when the prospect had appeared tantalizingly close and possible.

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But everyone claimed ignorance, stating that the gunman had been masked. Months later he was still on the loose. Nowhere was safe. Jaffa, the ancient, once-bustling port known in Arabic as the Bride of the Sea, or the Bride of Palestine, was now a mixed Arab-Jewish locality that was still gritty in parts, while undergoing rapid gentrification, attracting Jewish and Palestinian artists, gays, and bohemians. Historic buildings had been converted into luxury boutique hotels, art galleries, and restaurants. On the day I met Odeh, a small group of well-built men, black T-shirts stretched tight across their bulky chests, stood vigil in the afternoon on the sidewalk outside the Abu Seif family compound on Jaffa’s Rabbi Rubinstein Street, a nondescript residential street pocked with trees and bursts of bougainvillea a few blocks in from the seashore.

Fodor's Hawaii 2012
by Fodor's Travel Publications
Published 15 Nov 2011

Though much happened to Chinatown in the 20th century—beginning in January 1900, when almost the entire neighborhood was burned to the ground to halt the spread of bubonic plague—it remains a bustling, crowded, noisy, and odiferous place bent primarily on buying and selling, and sublimely oblivious to its status as a National Historic District or the encroaching gentrification on nearby Nu‘uanu Avenue. Getting Here and Around To reach downtown Honolulu from Waikīkī by car, take Ala Moana Boulevard to Alakea Street and turn right; three blocks up on the right, between South King and Hotel; there’s a municipal parking lot in Ali‘i Place on the right. There are also public parking lots (75¢ per half hour for the first two hours) in buildings along Alakea, Smith, Beretania, and Bethel streets (Gateway Plaza on Bethel Street is a good choice).

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Businesses left the cradle of the West Maui Mountains and followed the new market (and tourists) to the shore. Wailuku houses the county government but has the feel of a town that’s been asleep for several decades. The shops and offices now inhabiting Main Street’s plantation-style buildings serve as reminders of a bygone era, and continued attempts at “gentrification,” at the very least, open the way for unique eateries, shops, and galleries. Getting Here and Around Heading to Wailuku from the airport, Hāna Highway turns into Ka‘ahumanu Avenue, the main thoroughfare between Kahului and Wailuku. Maui Bus system’s free Kahului and Wailuku Loops stop at shopping centers, medical facilities, and other points throughout Central Maui.

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Built on a bluff offering gorgeous sea and mountain vistas, including Hanalei Bay, Princeville is the creation of a 1970s resort development. The area is anchored by a few large hotels, world-class golf courses, and lots of condos and time-shares. A former plantation town, Kīlauea town itself maintains its rural flavor in the midst of unrelenting gentrification encroaching all around it. Especially noteworthy are its historic lava-rock buildings, including Christ Memorial Episcopal Church on Kolo Road and, on Keneke and Kīlauea Road (commonly known as Lighthouse Road), the Kong Lung Company, now an expensive shop. Getting Here and Around There is only one main road through the Princeville resort area, so maneuvering a car here can be a nightmare.

Fodor's Hawaii 2013
by Fodor's
Published 22 Jul 2012

Though much happened to Chinatown in the 20th century—beginning in January 1900, when almost the entire neighborhood was burned to the ground to halt the spread of bubonic plague—it remains a bustling, crowded, noisy, and odiferous place bent primarily on buying and selling, and sublimely oblivious to its status as a National Historic District or the encroaching gentrification on nearby Nuuanu Avenue. Getting Here and Around Chinatown occupies 15 blocks immediately north of downtown Honolulu—it’s flat, compact, and very walkable. Timing This area is easily explored in half a day. The best time to visit is morning, when the popos (grandmas) shop—it’s cool out, and you can enjoy a cheap dim-sum breakfast.

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Businesses left the cradle of the West Maui Mountains and followed the new market (and tourists) to the shore. Wailuku houses the county government but has the feel of a town that’s been asleep for several decades. The shops and offices now inhabiting Main Street’s plantation-style buildings serve as reminders of a bygone era, and continued attempts at “gentrification,” at the very least, open the way for unique eateries, shops, and galleries. Previous Map | Next Map | Hawaii Maps Getting Here and Around Heading to Wailuku from the airport, Hana Highway turns into Kaahumanu Avenue, the main thoroughfare between Kahului and Wailuku.

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Built on a bluff offering gorgeous sea and mountain vistas, including Hanalei Bay, Princeville is the creation of a 1970s resort development. The area is anchored by a few large hotels, world-class golf courses, and lots of condos and time-shares. Five miles down Route 56, a former plantation town, Kilauea, maintains its rural flavor in the midst of unrelenting gentrification encroaching all around it. Especially noteworthy are its historic lava-rock buildings, including Christ Memorial Episcopal Church on Kolo Road and, on Keneke and Kilauea Road (commonly known as Lighthouse Road), the Kong Lung Company, which is now an expensive shop. Getting Here and Around There is only one main road through the Princeville resort area, so maneuvering a car here can be a nightmare.

The Rough Guide to Wales
by Rough Guides
Published 14 Oct 2024

The main attraction is the indoor simulated surf machine, but the rapids course is hugely popular too, accommodating adrenaline-fuelled watersports from rafting and canoeing to kayaking and stand-up paddleboarding. The variable river flows make it suitable for everyone, including beginners. Butetown Immediately inland from the bay is the salty old district of Butetown, whose inner-city dereliction is still evident despite the rampant gentrification that has taken place here and the surrounding area over the past couple of decades. James Street is the main commercial focus, while to its north the cleaned-up old buildings around Mount Stuart Square now mostly accommodate offices and the occasional art studio. Butetown’s most distinguished structure, however, is the mammoth Coal Exchange building.

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The sands and sea around here regularly receive awards, including the coveted Blue Flag, and the surfing is terrific. Oxwich Castle Above Oxwich Bay, SA3 1ND • April–Sept Wed–Sun 10am–5pm • Charge; CADW • http://cadw.gov.wales/visit/places-to-visit/oxwich-castle Crowning a headland above the beach, Oxwich Castle is a fine example of early sixteenth-century house gentrification by Sir Rice Mansel, member of a powerful Welsh dynasty. His son Edward added the many-windowed eastern range, a pile of rooms with a highly fashionable long gallery that fell into ruin shortly afterwards. Standing just outside the walls is the substantial ruin of the dovecote, whose nesting holes would have been used for the storage of eggs, meat and other provisions.

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This once dingy hotel has had a spectacular makeover under new ownership, its six impeccably serviced bedrooms manifesting floor-to-ceiling windows, big handsome beds, and gloriously large showers. The restaurant, bar, and piano lounge round things off in suitably chic fashion. £££ Eating and drinking Cadwgan Inn 10 Market St SA46 0AU; 01545 570149. This unmissable, raspberry-pink building is a fabulous, unpretentious local that provides a wonderful antidote to Aberaeron’s gentrification. It’s like walking into someone’s living room – someone who serves a rotating roster of real ales and a few bar snacks, that is. Harbourmaster Hotel 1 Pen Cei, SA46 0BT; http://harbour-master.com. Two places in one. The convivial bistro/bar, set around a cool, brushed-steel bar, is perfect for sinking into a sofa with one of their excellent Welsh ales or something from the extensive list of wines by the glass.

Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons
by Peter Barnes
Published 29 Sep 2006

In Boston, people in the Dudley Street neighborhood formed one in 1988 to buy vacant land and determine how it could best serve the community. Today there are six hundred new and rehabbed homes—all with a cap on resale prices—plus gardens, a common area, parks, and playgrounds. These efforts revitalized the neighborhood without displacing local residents, as would have happened through private property and gentrification. Building the Commons Sector | 137 Figure 9.1 • American Permanent Fund • Children’s start-up trust • Universal health insurance • Copyright royalty fund • Spectrum trust • Commons tax credit… on m Co m ra l ltu Cu • Land trusts • Municipal wi-fi • Community gardens • Farmers’ markets • Public spaces • Car-free zones • Time banks… s • Regional watershed trusts • Regional airshed trusts • Mississippi basin trust • Buffalo comons… en Local Regional National Op M an ag ed Gl o ba lC om m on s THE NEW COMMONS SECTOR SURFACE WATER TRUSTS The Oregon Water Trust, founded in 1993, acquires surface water rights to protect salmon and other fish.

Frommer's Memorable Walks in San Francisco
by Erika Lenkert
Published 15 Mar 2003

Chewy brick-oven pizzas, zesty tapas, and thick steaks are hot items on the monthly changing menu. The Noshing Through North Beach • 45 best part? No cover charge, and food service until midnight on weekends. Continue along Broadway toward Columbus Avenue. This particular stretch of Broadway is San Francisco’s answer to New York’s Times Square (pre-gentrification), complete with strip clubs and peep shows, and it has always had a reputation as a red-light district. In fact, before World War I, this area was known as the “Barbary Coast” and was filled with brothels and sleazy hotels. In the 1950s the area was cleaned up (relatively), and Broadway was made more accessible to traffic and therefore more conducive to nightclubs of a slightly less noxious genre.

Rough Guide Directions Bruges & Ghent
by Phil Lee
Published 20 Apr 2008

The Patershol and Provinciaal Cultuurcentrum Caermersklooster Behind Kraanlei are the lanes and alleys of the Patershol, a tight 02 Bruges Places 47-138.indd 120 web of brick terraced houses dating from the seventeenth century. Once the heart of the Flemish working-class city, this thriving residential quarter had, by the 1970s, become a slum threatened with demolition. After much to-ing and fro-ing, the area was saved from the developers and a process of gentrification begun, the result being today’s gaggle of good bars and smashing restaurants. The process is still under way and the fringes of the Patershol remain a ragbag of decay and restoration, but few Belgian cities can boast a more agreeable drinking and eating district. One specific sight here is the grand old Carmelite Monastery on Vrouwebroersstraat, now the Provinciaal Cultuurcentrum Caermersklooster (T 09 269 29 10, W www.caermersklooster .be), which showcases temporary exhibitions of contemporary art, photography, design and fashion.

Makeshift Metropolis: Ideas About Cities
by Witold Rybczynski
Published 9 Nov 2010

See also Broadacre City Del Monte Company, 120–21 density: and cities Americans need, 183, 185, 187, 189; and cities Americans want, 167, 177, 197; and differences between Europe and American cities, 190, 191, 193, 196–97; of downtowns, 145–47, 177; and environment, 189; and Garden City movement, 33; and horizontal cities, 167; importance of, 158; and mixed-use centers, 145–47, 154–55; in Modi’in, 190, 193; and sense of community, 85; in suburbs, 152, 177, 185, 186 Denver Art Museum, 138 Denver, Colorado, 23, 151–52, 154, 168, 170, 176, 177, 183 department stores, 93, 96–98, 100–101, 104, 105, 106, 132, 133, 136 Des Moines, Iowa, 23 Detroit, Michigan, 13, 25, 57, 76, 79–80, 82, 97, 118, 176 The Disappearing City (Wright), 70, 71, 72, 74 discount clubs, 101 District of Columbia Housing Authority, 159 downtowns: beautification of, 25; characteristics of people living in, 178; and cities Americans need, 183–84; and cities Americans want, 171, 175–78, 179; and City Beautiful movement, 92; cost of, 177–78; density of, 145–47, 177; department stores in, 93, 96–97; differences among, 175–76; gentrification of, 91; housing in, 178, 184; impact of recession on, 185; Jacobs’s views about, 55–56; and mixed-use centers, 175; planned, 107, 110; population of, 176–77, 178, 185; rejuvenation of, 100; retirees in, 183–84; revival of, 88–91; size of, 176; of suburbs, 177; and taxes, 178; walkability of, 177; as wealthy enclaves, 178.

Coastal California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

oGalería de la RazaGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %415-826-8009; www.galeriadelaraza.org; 2857 24th St; donations welcome; hduring exhibitions noon-6pm Wed-Sat; c; g10, 14, 33, 48, 49, Z24th St Mission) Art never forgets its roots at this nonprofit that has showcased Latino art since 1970. Culture and community are constantly being redefined here, from contemporary Mexican photography and group shows exploring Latin gay culture to performances capturing community responses to Mission gentrification. Outside is the Digital Mural Project, where, in place of the usual cigarette advertisements, a billboard features slogans like 'Abolish borders!' in English, Arabic and Spanish. BEFORE YOU GO AMake reservations at top San Francisco restaurants – some accept early/late walk-ins, but not all do.

…

Foodie-scenester restaurants and cafes, wine-tasting rooms and fancy boutiques line Healdsburg Plaza, the town’s sun-dappled central square (bordered by Healdsburg Ave and Center, Matheson and Plaza Sts). Traffic grinds to a halt on summer weekends, when second-home-owners and tourists jam downtown. Old-timers aren’t happy with the Napa-style gentrification but at least Healdsburg retains its historic look, if not its once-quiet summers. It’s best visited weekdays – stroll tree-lined streets, sample locavore cooking and soak up the NorCal flavor. 1Sights Tasting rooms surround the plaza. Saturday MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.healdsburgfarmersmarket.org; h9am-noon Sat May-Dec) Healdsburg's downtown farmers market.

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Griffith Park & Around 1Top Sights 1Griffith ObservatoryE3 1Sights 2Griffith ParkF2 3Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical GardensE1 4Universal Studios HollywoodB2 5Eating 5DaichanA2 3Entertainment 6Greek TheatreE3 7Hollywood BowlC3 Silver Lake & Echo Park Pimped with stencil art, inked skin and skinny jeans, Silver Lake and Echo Park are the epicenter of LA hipsterdom. Silver Lake is the more upwardly mobile of the pair, home to revitalized modernist homes, sharing-plate menus and obscure fashion labels on boutique racks. To the southeast lies grittier Echo Park, one of LA's oldest neighborhoods. Despite its own ongoing gentrification, it continues to offer a contrasting jumble of rickety homes, Mexican panderias (bakeries), indie rock bars, vintage stores, design-literate coffee shops and the serenity of its namesake lake, featured in Polanski’s Chinatown. Silver Lake and Echo Park are more about the vibe than ticking off sights.

Half Empty
by David Rakoff
Published 20 Sep 2010

There is one character who actually works at her art, a newly-minted lesbian performance artist named Maureen whose ambition is portrayed as being as unseemly, rapacious, and untrustworthy as her elastic Kinsey placement. All of it evidence of a callous narcissism (“She needs someone to run the light board? Fucking bitch …”). Right up there alongside the retrovirus and the forces of gentrification, Maureen is the villain of the piece. She should stop with these constant careerist attempts at being “interesting.” In addition to being unattractive, they’re unnecessary. An artist is something you are, not something you do. I first encountered this Seussian syllogism in a used-book store, where I spent an extra thirty minutes fake-browsing just so I might continue to eavesdrop on the cashier, who was expounding to his friend about Johnny Got His Gun, Dalton Trumbo’s classic antiwar novel.

How to Be Black
by Baratunde Thurston
Published 31 Jan 2012

We had the drug dealing, the police brutality, the murders. Well, it was almost a perfect match. We had everything The Wire had except for universal critical acclaim and the undying love of white people who saw it. Of course, eventually white people would fall in love with my old neighborhood as development and gentrification have led to its supporting a subway station, wine bars, and even a Target. Back in the day, I lived in a black neighborhood under siege. For a single black woman raising a boy, this was a terrifying environment. In a 1992 Washington Post series about mothers raising black boys in the inner city, the caption on the photo of my mother and me states: Arnita Thurston says she acted like a crazy woman trying to protect Baratunde from the streets.

Cold Hands
by John J. Niven
Published 14 May 2012

Biology helped me. A twenty-year-old is almost unrecognisable from his thirteen-year-old self, the age at which all available photographs of me were last taken. As an undergraduate I sported a thick, unfashionable growth of beard. The government paid me a living allowance and kept watch at a distance. The gentrification of the soul that had begun in prison with books was intensified at university with life. I met English people for the first time, people we would have called ‘posh’ or ‘up themselves’, and I marvelled at their ease in the world, at the way they laughed as they casually held up a hand to bring a waiter to the table.

The Coffee Book: Anatomy of an Industry From Crop to the Last Drop
by Gregory Dicum and Nina Luttinger
Published 1 Jan 1999

Conversely, when growers are barely even meeting their costs of production, as is all too often the case, they cannot afford to invest in maintenance and pest control. This downward quality spiral knocks them out of the running for true gourmet coffee—although not necessarily for mass specialty roasters. Improved quality and the trend toward appellation signals the further gentrification of the specialty coffee industry. The three-dollar latte is clearly appealing to a different sector of society than the full pound of canned coffee that costs just a bit more. As the gap in U.S. incomes widens, the distinction between specialty coffee and lower-priced mass-market coffee will continue to grow.

Marx at the Arcade: Consoles, Controllers, and Class Struggle
by Jamie Woodcock
Published 17 Jun 2019

This fails to address the reality of a city like London (where I live) and how it is marked by class struggle—both from above and from below. However, it is a little unfair to critique a simulation for not including everything. After all, a simulation is an abstraction, and requires each dynamic in the simulation to be coded. It would be quite a challenge to code an accurate representation of resistance and gentrification into a city since people’s struggles are much harder to abstract from than traffic or weather models. The problem is, “to code something, to include something at all in a game is to define how it works.”7 Because the process of coding a videogame involves deciding what is and isn’t included, it is therefore a political act in both obvious and subtle ways.

Practical Anarchism: A Guide for Daily Life
by Scott. Branson
Published 14 Jun 2022

They’ve been further arranged to segregate communities, cut off the possibility of rebellion, and divide starkly all the commonly shared space into private property and publicly policed zones. On top of it all, if you live in a country like the United States, the settler state is in a continual process of erasure and genocide of the Indigenous people who have been displaced to form this land. Even living in a city, in the midst of gentrification, we see the redevelopment of services towards a tourist industry rather than serving the needs of a “community.” In the city I live near, there is no central grocery store and no cheap market—only boutiques, art galleries, breweries, crystal shops, and high-end vintage stores. Likewise, there is no convenient public transportation.

My Own Country: A Doctor's Story of a Town and Its People in the Age of AIDS
by Abraham Verghese
Published 1 Jan 1994

In the little hollows one could see the trailer with no underpinning and dogs all around it and children playing under it. That world was food stamps and ignorance and rotted teeth and rheumatic fever and a suspicion of all strangers. But most people in the environs of Johnson City seemed to be gravitating to a gentrification of sorts. The flannel shirt, instead of hanging out over the jeans, was apt to be tucked in. The cowboy boots, if worn, were polished and smart. But a sports shirt with jeans and docksiders was also considered a desirable look. The younger generation that hung around the malls and in the mall parking lots were moving away from the ball cap to long hair, earrings and headbands.

…

The answering service informed me that Dr. J, a dentist, wanted me to call him at home. I had never heard of Dr. J. He was from a nearby town. He apologized profusely for disturbing me so early and he sounded distraught. His voice was high-pitched and faint, and I could hear the country in his accent lurking under a thin layer of gentrification. He told me he had performed a difficult extraction the previous afternoon. That night, he had discovered that the patient was HIV positive. The patient, Ethan Nidiffer, was under my care. The tooth had been a deeply embedded molar. He had to cut the gum to expose the tooth. Then he had chipped at bone.

Boom: Mad Money, Mega Dealers, and the Rise of Contemporary Art
by Michael Shnayerson
Published 20 May 2019

Of all the competitors, Zwirner was the strongest—both in business and in youth. And with just one top contender of global size and scale guarding the field, why not take him on? Almost overnight, as hoped, Hauser & Wirth’s new LA gallery became a destination. Coffee houses proliferated; weekenders explored. Inexorably, in this latest case of art world gentrification, rents began to rise. The new space—four huge buildings’ worth, with large open-air exhibition areas—was the former Globe Grain and Milling Company. Once the largest private producer of flour in the western United States, it had sat abandoned for the last 45 years. Annabelle Selldorf’s design kept the four buildings around the mill’s central courtyard, along with the original brick walls and 18-foot-high trussed wooden ceilings.

…

Owens had shown her work; other artists had shown theirs. The onetime piano factory had become one of the city’s most talked-about art spaces. By 2016, though, the residents of Boyle Heights had begun a loud and angry campaign against Owens and her fellow artists. To them, she was a gentrifier, and they knew what gentrification brought: residential and commercial developments, fancy clothing stores, and skyrocketing rents. Over the next two years, the protests would grow until Owens was forced to close it down. Once again, the future of downtown LA as a gallery hub seemed in doubt. LOOMING ACROSS THE PACIFIC OCEAN WAS another new market, one far more promising than LA.

So You've Been Publicly Shamed
by Jon Ronson
Published 9 Mar 2015

He said I should call him by his Internet name: Troy. He took me to a cafe where he grumbled about how things weren’t like they used to be, about the good old days when you couldn’t leave your mobile phone on a cafe table around here without it being stolen. I told Troy that the good old days sounded terrible to me, but he explained that with gentrification comes collateral damage - constant stop and frisks of any young people who don’t look like preppy hipsters: ‘Going to the store, coming home from school, ruining your whole day. It’s disgusting. It’s dangerous to walk the borders around here.’ It was these police inequities that compelled Troy to join 4chan, he told me.

Inequality and the 1%
by Danny Dorling
Published 6 Oct 2014

Nat Cen, ‘Social Attitudes in an Age of Austerity’, British Social Attitudes 2012, London, National Centre for Social Research, at bsa-29.natcen.ac.uk. 70. J. Werran, ‘Lewis Disputes “Shoddy” Labour Figures on Council Tax Arrears’, Local Government Chronicle, 11 October 2013, at localgov.co.uk. 71. DK, ‘Mapping Gentrification: The Great Inversion’, Economist, 9 September 2013. 72. T. MacInnes, H. Aldridge, S. Bushe, et al., ‘Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion 2013’, York, Jospeh Rowntree Foundation, 2013, at jrf.org.uk. 73. Reed, ‘In the Eye of the Storm’, reveals that, over the seven years leading to 2015, ‘the number of children living in families with five or more vulnerabilities is set to rise by 54,000 to 365,000, an increase of around 17 percent [and] the number of children living in extremely vulnerable families is set to almost double by 2015, to 96,000’. 74.

Me! Me! Me!
by Daniel Ruiz Tizon
Published 31 May 2016

To this day, I’ve never had porridge, but researching the soft foods market ahead of my bonding appointment, I know that the next year is likely to be heavy on the porridge and gnocchi, the kind of meals I never anticipated having till I reached the care home. There was a time when home was just five minutes from Nine Elms, but these days, pushed out by the hyper-gentrification of southwest London, I currently find myself subletting a new build in the heart of Peckham. I grew up surrounded by estates in SW9 but Peckham’s a completely different ball game. There are no shops near to where I am. I turn off into one road, named after Damilola Taylor, the poor kid that was stabbed in the area back in 2001, to find it full of yet more estates that ultimately lead to my new build.

Shampoo Planet
by Douglas Coupland
Published 28 Dec 2010

We kids, of course, were too young to recognize chemistry for what it was--we merely noticed how hard it became to get Jasmine's attention. ("Jasmine, where is the ketchup?" "It's in the kitchen, dear. Could you fetch it yourself? Now tell me about that rezoning downtown, Dan. . . ." "I tell you, Jasmine, this neighborhood is begging for gentrification." "You really think so?") I remember there were fireworks that night exploding across the town in Uranium Park. We sat on the balcony overlooking the backyard, trying, but unable to see the fireworks behind a wall of trees, hearing only the noises they made--dull squeals and thuds that sometimes made the walls pulse faintly.

How Cycling Can Save the World
by Peter Walker
Published 3 Apr 2017

Also, many cities have seen their inner neighborhoods gentrified in recent years amid an influx of younger, professional people attracted to the idea of living in walking or cycling distance of their workplace. These are the districts most likely to see new bike lanes, but by the time this happens many less wealthy people will have been priced out. This phenomenon has even seen the arrival of new bike lanes tied to concerns about gentrification, especially cities like New York, San Francisco, and London, where rising housing costs have socially transformed many neighborhoods. Yet another element is that without good bike infrastructure, cycling tends to be an activity for the enthusiast rather than the everyday rider, and these are often middle-class people riding relatively expensive bikes.

Britain's 100 Best Railway Stations
by Simon Jenkins
Published 28 Jul 2017

The town was doomed to join others in obliterating the monuments of their past, before realising that they might hold the key to their future. Somehow it restrained itself. Old mills, warehouses, canals and bridges were the new textiles. Local historian Paul Barker says Hebden Bridge went from manufacturing corduroy to manufacturing lifestyle, and found it sold well. The rest of Calderdale can only look on in envy, and complain of gentrification. The station is perched on the side of the valley above the Rochdale Canal, and is a modest showcase for the town. The line over the Pennines from Manchester to Leeds was authorised in the first rail boom in 1836. Opening in 1841, it had five trains a day. The impact on cloth production in these steep valleys with their fast-churning water mills was dramatic.

The Office of Historical Corrections: A Novella and Stories
by Danielle Evans
Published 12 Nov 2020

I had shed my pants and bra, but was still wearing a work blouse over yoga pants, sitting on the living room floor with the contents of the clarification file spread in front of me. “I got you a cake,” I called when he walked in. “It’s on the table.” “Fancy cake,” he said, a moment later. I looked up and found him staring into the cake box. “I was working Capitol Hill today. I had to go to a gentrification bakery.” “Is there any other kind anymore? I was just talking to a cat who grew up there yesterday. Working on a long piece about what happened to the property people lost to back taxes. Did you at least get to yell at any tourists?” “Not even one.” “All I wanted for my birthday was a video of you just once cursing out a white person who should know better.”

The Creative Curve: How to Develop the Right Idea, at the Right Time
by Allen Gannett
Published 11 Jun 2018

The lobby had muted green walls with benches that looked ripped out of a diner. It wasn’t truly a hotel, rather it was affordable housing with shared bathrooms. As she continued sweeping, she noticed a photographer snapping a picture. Over thirty-five years later, the resulting photo appeared as part of a photo series on the gentrification of SoMa. Since that time, San Francisco, and SoMa in particular, has gone from impoverished to unaffordable. Office space in the formerly rundown SoMa neighborhood now rents for an average of $72.50 per square foot (matching pricey Manhattan), and studio apartments sell for an average of over $1,200 per square foot, which means that a small 450-square-foot studio costs more than $540,000, which is enough to buy a McMansion in many suburbs.

Before You Suffocate Your Own Fool Self
by Danielle Evans
Published 22 Sep 2010

He’d imagined eating salads with perfectly julienned carrots. Thinking it through, though, even if Phil let him in, he should probably leave the blender. Contamination, and all that. Besides, Eva was the type to dwell on things: she’d look at the blender and start talking about the old apartment, or gentrification, or the way they were all slowly dying of chemical poisoning. She’d never cook with it. She’d put it in a closet, or she’d take it to her studio and mount it on one of her sculptures, fence it in with chicken wire. Better that he just buy her another and hope she didn’t remember it was a replacement for the first one he’d promised her.

The City: A Global History
by Joel Kotkin
Published 1 Jan 2005

Having largely failed to regain its status as a world business center, Berlin now celebrated its bohemian community as its primary economic asset. The city’s relevance was increasingly defined not by the export of goods or services, but by its edgy galleries, unique shops, lively street life, and growing tourist trade.30 THE FUTURE, AND LIMITS, OF GENTRIFICATION In the twenty-first century, some cities or parts of cities may survive, and even thrive, on such an ephemeral basis and, with the support of their still dominant media industries, market that notion to the wider world. The brief but widely acclaimed rise of urban technology districts—such as New York’s “Silicon Alley” or San Francisco’s “Multimedia Gulch” during the dot-com boom of the late 1990s—even briefly led some to identify hipness and urban edginess as the primary catalyst for information-age growth.31 Both of these districts ultimately shriveled as the Internet industry contracted and then matured, yet the market for new housing continued to grow.

Northern California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

oGalería de la RazaGALLERY ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %415-826-8009; www.galeriadelaraza.org; 2857 24th St; donations welcome; hduring exhibitions noon-6pm Wed-Sat; c; g10, 14, 33, 48, 49, Z24th St Mission) Art never forgets its roots at this nonprofit that has showcased Latino art since 1970. Culture and community are constantly being redefined here, from contemporary Mexican photography and group shows exploring Latin gay culture to performances capturing community responses to Mission gentrification. Outside is the Digital Mural Project, where, in place of the usual cigarette advertisements, a billboard features slogans like 'Abolish borders!' in English, Arabic and Spanish. BAY BRIDGE San Francisco’s other landmark bridge was inspired by a madman. Joshua Norton lost his shirt and his mind in the Gold Rush before proclaiming himself ‘Emperor of these United States and Protector of Mexico,’ and ordering construction of a trans-bay bridge in 1872.

…

Foodie-scenester restaurants and cafes, wine-tasting rooms and fancy boutiques line Healdsburg Plaza, the town’s sun-dappled central square (bordered by Healdsburg Ave and Center, Matheson and Plaza Sts). Traffic grinds to a halt on summer weekends, when second-home-owners and tourists jam downtown. Old-timers aren’t happy with the Napa-style gentrification but at least Healdsburg retains its historic look, if not its once-quiet summers. It’s best visited weekdays – stroll tree-lined streets, sample locavore cooking and soak up the NorCal flavor. 1Sights Tasting rooms surround the plaza. Saturday MarketMARKET ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.healdsburgfarmersmarket.org; h9am-noon Sat May-Dec) Healdsburg's downtown farmers market.

…

Tech gazillionaires have driven up housing prices in San Francisco (and beyond), transforming the city and surrounding areas into bedroom communities for Silicon Valley. Longtime locals aren't pleased, and blame the giant tech shuttlebuses – which everyone calls the 'Google Bus' – for the city's gentrification. If talking tech is straying into dangerous social territory, change the subject to food. Northern Californians are obsessed by what they eat, fetishizing seasonal foods such as heirloom peaches and heritage cuts of pork the way a bodybuilder worships protein supplements. But nowhere else in America can lay claim to such incredible bounty.

Does Capitalism Have a Future?
by Immanuel Wallerstein , Randall Collins , Michael Mann , Georgi Derluguian , Craig Calhoun , Stephen Hoye and Audible Studios
Published 15 Nov 2013

Durkheim, Emile. The Division of Labour in Society. New York: Free Press, 1964 (originally published 1893). Goldstone, Jack A. Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991. Halnon, Karen Bettez, and Saundra Cohen. “Muscles, Motorcycles and Tattoos: Gentrification in a New Frontier.” Journal of Consumer Culture 6 (2006): 33–56. Milner, Murray Jr. Freaks, Geeks and Cool Kids: American Teenagers, Schools and the Culture of Consumption. New York: Routledge, 2004. Schneider, Eric C. Vampires, Dragons and Egyptian Kings. Youth Gangs in Postwar New York. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.

Tyler Cowen-Discover Your Inner Economist Use Incentives to Fall in Love, Survive Your Next Meeting, and Motivate Your Dentist-Plume (2008)
by Unknown
Published 20 Sep 2008

And just as high rents push out quirky food, so do they push out quirky culture, including clubbing scenes and 154 I DISCOVER YOUR INNER ECONOMIST offbeat art galleries. In New York both ethnic food and experimental music are moving to Brooklyn and Queens, largely because of high rents in Manhattan. Gentrification is good for the neighborhood, but it is not always a blessing for culture. We can again work backward and draw some inferences about what you should cook at home. If you live and work in high-rent districts, perfect your hand at funky Chinese and Mexican, and I don't mean beef with broccoli or tacos.

Private Island: Why Britain Now Belongs to Someone Else
by James Meek
Published 18 Aug 2014

Beveridge had soup kitchens. We have food banks. We’ve got something that does take us back full circle, a deep divide in way of life between people who are reasonably well off and those who are poor. There’s always been a difference, but the distinction seems to be more stark now.’ The advent of the age of gentrification doesn’t preclude the advent of slumification, and nostalgia becomes prophecy. Acknowledgements Versions of most of the chapters in this book first appeared in the London Review of Books and, in the case of ‘Signal Failure’, in the Guardian. I’m grateful to Mary-Kay Wilmers, editor of the LRB, for her support and patience, and for her consent to the breach of the norms of article length that publication involved.

The Wealth Dragon Way: The Why, the When and the How to Become Infinitely Wealthy
by John Lee
Published 13 Apr 2015

All three titles technically apply to people who are investing in property, but we are very specific about what we mean by a property investor. Property speculators buy properties at full market value with the hope of adding value through the appreciation of that property, thus making a profit sometime in the future. They may buy in an area that has been approved for a regeneration project or is already going through gentrification; perhaps a new high-speed rail link is being built nearby. Property speculators have to wait for the market to go up because of improvements to the area before the value of their property goes up and they can make a profit. Property speculation is very much a game for long-term investors. Property developers buy properties that are run down or derelict, or have planning permission to be expanded, with the hope of adding value through improvements and renovations, thus making a profit sometime in the future.

Sleeping Giant: How the New Working Class Will Transform America
by Tamara Draut
Published 4 Apr 2016

Her dad was never able to rebound to his previous salary, instead relying on a series of low-paying jobs at auto-repair franchises like Midas. Cullors describes the connection between deindustrialization and mass incarceration as happening “fast, fast, fast.” Her neighborhood, Van Nuys, was poor in the 1990s, and right next door to the affluent community of Sherman Oaks, which made Van Nuys susceptible to gentrification and its black residents undesirable. “The neighborhood became super-surveilled and super-policed. I witnessed my brothers and their friends being harassed on a daily basis, stopped and frisked. They were eleven, twelve, and thirteen. There was no community center or community organization for the neighborhood kids to go to, leaving them with nothing to do but sit and hang out all day.”

The Unbanking of America: How the New Middle Class Survives
by Lisa Servon
Published 10 Jan 2017

What money these residents do have often moves through informal channels and check cashers like RiteCheck rather than banks. The South Bronx, encompassed within New York’s 15th Congressional District, consists of the Hunts Point, Morrisania, Melrose, Tremont, Mott Haven, and Highbridge neighborhoods. Gentrification may be on its way; a recent article in the New York Times real-estate section proclaimed that Mott Haven can no longer be defined by old stereotypes like those perpetuated by the Foursquare site. “It is going through a gradual reinvention,” writes the author, “with restaurants opening, scruffy buildings getting spiffed up, and apartments being built on gap-toothed lots.”

Give People Money
by Annie Lowrey
Published 10 Jul 2018

“They just finished tearing down the clubhouse last week, and are building a brand-new, state-of-the-art facility. It’s going to include a child care facility and an education center,” she told me. But the tenants were still tenants—renters, not owners—and thus shut out from the spoils of Washington’s rapid gentrification, itself fueled by government contracts, subsidized loan programs, and initiatives for property developers. That families like Jackson’s still live in or near poverty was a choice and a failure of government policy—something the politicians at the hearing on the Hill acknowledged. “To have a single mother of two kids working for $7.25 still be below the poverty line,” Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado said, “I think is a disgrace.”

The Long Good Buy: Analysing Cycles in Markets
by Peter Oppenheimer
Published 3 May 2020

Over 15 million trees fell on 17 October, including six of the famous seven ancient oak trees of Sevenoaks in Kent, an area in the commuter belt of London where many senior stockbrokers lived at the time. The transport disruption was so widespread that the majority of those who were able to make it into the offices in central London were the most junior staff, myself included, who lived in the (then) less expensive areas closer by (before the wave of gentrification and the trend for families to move back into more central city locations). As there was no internet at that time, or even instant pricing systems on terminals on every desk, information was slower to arrive and less reliable than today. When reports of the US stock market collapse started to come through as the New York market opened, we were bemused and unsure at first whether this was genuine or just an error caused by the storm on the one electronic pricing system we shared.

Uncanny Valley: A Memoir
by Anna Wiener
Published 14 Jan 2020

In one direction was a chaotic plaza at Mission and Sixteenth—a convocation of commuters, rose vendors, homeless people, addicts, prostitutes, pigeons, and soft-eyed drunks—that opened onto a bustling avenue of doughnut shops, Mexican bakeries, fish markets, Pentecostal churches, dollar stores, holes-in-the-wall stuffed with boxes of cleats, mobile grills exhaling sausage and onion, smoke shops, unfussy restaurants, and hair salons with hand-painted signage. In the other direction was Valencia Street, a living diorama of late-stage gentrification: third-wave-coffee shops selling paleo lattes, juice bars hawking turmeric shots, waifish Australians clutching branded paper bags from spartan boutiques. The apartment was cozy and welcoming, full of strange artifacts: an upright piano with the hammers exposed, a headless mannequin covered in hand-drawn hieroglyphs.

Yes Please
by Amy Poehler

Heroin was another drug that didn’t catch my tail. I lived in New York’s East Village in 1998, when heroin was making its forty-fifth comeback. The streets were filled with suburban junkies shooting up next to their pit bull puppies. My building was across from Tompkins Square Park, which had been suffering and/or improving due to gentrification, and the apartments were filled with a lot of musicians and models living alone in New York City for the first time. Most of the models took a real liking to me. Tall women are attracted to my littleness. I have a lot of tall female friends. They like how I am always looking up to them and I like having the option to jump into their pocket if I want to hide.

I'm Judging You: The Do-Better Manual
by Luvvie Ajayi
Published 12 Sep 2016

We did not try to help address the infrastructure issues in rural communities in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea that spurred the epidemic on. That was not our business, right? It’s funny how folks insist on being hands-off with only certain issues in Africa. The world hasn’t always been so shy in meddling all up in the continent’s business for centuries. Hell, colonialism was just global gentrification on steroids. The Dutch, the Spaniards, the French, and the British were on some nosy-neighbor bullshit and carrying themselves to the Motherland to “save the people.” They weren’t so laissez-faire then. The Dutch came up on the shores of South Africa and thought it was beautiful, so they parked their asses on the land and decided to never leave.

Tomorrow's Capitalist: My Search for the Soul of Business
by Alan Murray
Published 15 Dec 2022

After a bitter fight by local activists, the New York location was scrapped. This demonstrated vividly the tension between a community stakeholder and a corporation. Many New Yorkers thought Amazon’s headquarters would jeopardize the community in certain ways, especially by raising housing costs and undermining community identity through gentrification. They also balked at the hefty price tag of nearly $3 billion in incentives New York was planning to give Amazon to come to the area. But in Case’s view, the advantage for all the cities involved in Amazon HQ2 was lasting. As cities begin to create their own tech commerce hubs around startups, there is the promise that the connections they make will give them a stronger position.

Abolish Silicon Valley: How to Liberate Technology From Capitalism
by Wendy Liu
Published 22 Mar 2020

In the vicinity of the Google San Francisco office there was little but startups, tourist traps, and luxury residential buildings with one-bedroom apartments renting for $4,000 a month. At the time, the Bay Area was buzzing with debate over the potentially negative consequences of the growth of the tech sector: gentrification, rising costs of living, long-term residents getting priced out of the city. While the details eluded me, I had a feeling that Google’s service workers were not reaping much benefit from the tech boom, even if they did work for what was supposed to be the best employer in the country.6 My own experience at work might be a bit dull, but at least I was learning new skills while getting paid a lot; if I came back as a full-time employee, I would expect stock grants, performance reviews, a yearly compensation approaching half a million after a few years.

On Paradise Drive: How We Live Now (And Always Have) in the Future Tense
by David Brooks
Published 2 Jun 2004

I recently ran into a woman in Loudoun County, Virginia, where AOL is located, who said she had spent most of her life in Bethesda, Maryland, today an affluent inner-ring suburb next to Washington. “I hate it there now,” she said with venom in her voice. As we spoke, it became clear that she hated the gentrification, the new movie theater that shows only foreign films, the explosion of French, Turkish, and new-wave restaurants, the streets full of German cars with Princeton and Martha’s Vineyard stickers on the back windows, the doctors and lawyers and journalists with their educated-class one-upsmanship.

Edinburgh Like a Local: By the People Who Call It Home
by Dk Eyewitness
Published 28 Sep 2021

Royal B R ot oyal B anic otanic Something of a sugary national treasure, the Lucas family have been LEITH LEITH Garden Garden ater of Leith ater of Leith Chaotic, a bit crumbly, but oh-so-charismatic, Edinbur Edinbur gh gh W W making and selling their wonderful Italian dairy ice cream in Scotland Leith is known for its strong sense of community. for over a hundred years. Every day, fresh supplies are delivered from Shaped by waves of immigration, regeneration ALK ALK their signature shop and ice cream factory in nearby Musselburgh and, more recently, gentrification, the area wears LO LOCHEND CHEND to their Morningside parlour. Here, young families and sugar addicts LEITH W LEITH W its history (and heart) on its sleeve. And boy does indulge in top-quality ice cream and a big scoop of Edinburgh history. it serve up some delicious global flavours. STO STOCKBRIDGE CKBRIDGE For those with a particular love of all things sweet, the tof ee fudgy NE NE W TO W T WN OWN wudgy is the cone for you. 1.

New York 2140
by Kim Stanley Robinson
Published 14 Mar 2017

Anything unusual or untoward in their employees, disappearing without quitting, messing around with security systems? Yes, they all said. Yes, yes, yes. Right in my own basement. Fucking with my structural integrity. Cameras not seeing things. You should talk to Johann, you should talk to Luisa. In all of them a tight russrage at the ugly cynicism of whoever or whatever it was doing these things. Gentrification my ass. Fucking slimeballs just want what we got. We got the SuperVenice humming and they want to horn in. We’re going to have to hang together to keep what we’ve got. Time for your goddamn NYPD to show us which side they’re on. I know, Gen kept saying. I know. NYPD is on New York’s side, you know that.

…

That offer on our building is looking more and more like a hostile takeover bid. They came back with a second offer last week, offering twice as much as last time! And I asked around lower Manhattan, and we’re not the only ones it’s happening to. We can’t tell who it is, because they’re using brokers, but for sure it’s happening. Gentrification, enclosure, whatever you want to call it. And yeah, I realized that it can’t be fought by any one building or any one aid association. It’s a global problem. So if there’s to be any chance of fighting it, it’s got to be at the macro level.” “So to save your building from a hostile takeover, you suggest I overthrow the world economic order.”

Lonely Planet London
by Lonely Planet
Published 22 Apr 2012

From here you’re a mere shot-put from the Olympic Park , heralding a whole new era for the East End. The East End & Docklands Sights | Drinking & Nightlife | Entertainment | Shopping Eating The East End’s multiculturalism has ensured that its ethnic cuisine stretches far and wide, with some fantastic low-key eateries serving authentic and value-for-money fare. But the area’s gentrification has introduced a slew of gastropubs and more upmarket eateries – the latest even earning a Michelin star. Trendy and excellent coffee shops have sprouted up all over the East End, but there are still plenty of places to get a decent fry up and a cup of tea, or a traditional pie with mash and liquor.

…

It’s been refitted with sails and machinery for a wind-driven mill and is not currently open to the public, but it can be admired from the outside. Although violence returned to Brixton during the London riots of August 2011, the mood today is upbeat. Soaring property prices have sent in house-hunters, and pockets of gentrification sit alongside the more run-down streets. Apart from some great restaurants and clubs, the big sights are the fantastic Brixton Village (Click here) – a current south London culinary and shopping hotspot – and Brixton Market (Click here). Crystal Palace Park Named after the prodigious glass and iron palace erected for the Great Exhibition in 1851 and moved here from Hyde Park in 1854, this huge park ( Crystal Palace, Crystal Palace) makes for intriguing exploration.

The Rough Guide to Korea
by Rough Guides
Published 24 Sep 2018

There are few notable sights in the centre, but it’s a pleasant place to shop, or to catch up on your partying if you’ve been trawling the Gyeongsang countryside. There are also a few surprisingly rustic restaurants and tearooms to hunt down in the city core; several alleyways in Jingolmok, which spreads out around the famed Herbal Medicine Market, have been given a gentle gentrification in recent years, and make for pleasant strolling. Head a little further afield Palgongsan and you’ll find a wonderful park to the north of town, while Haeinsa, one of Korea’s best-known temples, is just a short bus ride to the west. Herbal Medicine Market 한약 시장 • Exhibition hall Mon–Sat 9am–5pm, Sun 10am–5pm • Free Daegu’s Herbal Medicine Market first got going in the 1650s.

…

W40,000 EATING The Jeollanese influence has clearly crept across the provincial border – meals are often served with a copious array of side dishes, and there’s even a local version of that Jeonju favourite, the bibimbap, though surprisingly few Jinjuites will be able to point you to a restaurant serving this delectable dish. It’s eel, instead, which is the local speciality – there was once a parade of near-identical restaurants serving it just downhill from the fortress entrance, but you’ll have to walk a little further until the area’s gentrification is complete. Cheonhwang 천황 3 Chokseok-ro 207-gil 055 741 2646; map. It takes a fair bit of hunting to find this super-cute shack-restaurant, one of the only places in town still serving Jinju bibimbap (W9000) – as it has done since 1927. With metal chair frames, blue cushioning and wooden tables, it’s almost like eating lunch back at school.

Kingpin: How One Hacker Took Over the Billion-Dollar Cybercrime Underground
by Kevin Poulsen
Published 22 Feb 2011

Online, Max was hanging out in some rough neighborhoods. Looking for the technical challenges his day jobs denied him, Max returned to a network of chat rooms called IRC, Internet relay chat, a surviving vestige of the old Internet of his teenage years. When he’d gone to prison, IRC had been a social hotspot. But with the gentrification of the Net, most inhabitants moved uptown to easy-to-use instant messaging clients and Web-based chat systems. Those who remained on IRC tended to be either hard-core geeks or disreputable sorts—hackers and pirates scheming in the forgotten tunnels and alleyways below the whitewashed, commercialized Internet growing above them.

Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century
by Jessica Bruder
Published 18 Sep 2017

By the end of 2014, 100 cities had made it a crime to sit on a sidewalk, a 43 percent increase over 2011, according to a survey of 187 major American cities by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty. The number of cities that banned sleeping in cars jumped to 81 from 37 during that same period. The crackdown comes amid the gentrification that is transforming cities like New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington and Honolulu, contributing to higher housing costs and increased homelessness. Such laws prioritize property over people. They tell nomads “Your car can stay here, but you can’t.” In communities across the country, whether this might express a dark shift in civic values has been left largely out of the debate.

The Empathy Exams: Essays
by Leslie Jamison
Published 30 Mar 2014

Things are different now, though. These men got out of prison and wanted another way. When Alfred says, “I’m a spiritual man,” you see him looking around to see if Pastor’s listening. His reform is operative on all fronts. He’ll tell you about his struggle for a bigger vocabulary: “I learned ‘gentrification’ in solitary”; “I practice pronouncing ‘recidivism’ in the shower.” He calls Capricorn’s life story “an indigenous tale from the hood.” Scholar Graham Huggan defines “exoticism” as an experience that “posits the lure of difference while protecting its practitioners from close involvement.” You’re in the hood but you aren’t—it rolls by your windows, a perfect panorama of itself.

Kill Your Friends
by John Niven
Published 7 Feb 2008

I leave the TV on, bluish light flickering across Waters’ piss-spattered, shit-flecked corpse, the empty bottles of Valium and vodka atop the cokey mirror, the cord for the butt-plug trailing out from between his cheeks, a faint, muffled hum audible beneath the moans and groans from the TV. I walk home to Maida Vale, the sun coming up and ‘Beetlebum’ in my head as I cross the Harrow Road. The long, festering strip studded with fried-chicken shacks and everything-a-quid emporiums—a greying London wound which gentrification will never reach—is deserted except for a solitary double-decker bus. It slams past me, ratling the pavement. It is full of tolers: poor people, their faces as grim and stark as pornography, as blunt as final demands. They flash by me on their way into W1, where they will do whatever they do all day for no money.

The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age
by Astra Taylor
Published 4 Mar 2014

For the 450,000 jobs figure, see Sarah Lacy, Once You’re Lucky, Twice You’re Good: The Rebirth of Silicon Valley and the Rise of Web 2.0 (New York: Gotham, 2008), 13. Rebecca Solnit wrote movingly of the negative consequences of the first dot-com boom on San Francisco in her book Hollow City: Gentrification and the Eviction of Urban Culture (New York: Verso, 2001) and has written similarly astute observations on the effects of the latest boom on the community. Rebecca Solnit, “Google Invades,” London Review of Books 35, no. 3 (February 7, 2013). 2. Doug Henwood, After the New Economy (New York: The New Press, 2003), 1. 3.

The Last Job: The Bad Grandpas and the Hatton Garden Heist
by Dan Bilefsky
Published 22 Apr 2019

Several times a week for three years, the men schemed and gossiped at old-school pubs and cafés in Enfield and Islington, among them the Castle, the Wheatsheaf, the Moon Under Water, and the Narrowboat. They especially liked the worn but dependable Scotti’s Snack Bar, a café in Clerkenwell that is peppered by converted industrial factories and gastropubs and is a short walk to Hatton Garden. The café had resisted the gentrification of the surrounding area and served a proper cup of tea. Crisps, or potato chips, were piled high in a wicker basket near the cash register. The men, carrying old supermarket plastic bags or cradling their dogs (Jones’s ever-present white-haired terrier, Rocket; Collins’s beloved Dempsey, a Staffordshire bull terrier), would have long strategy sessions while sitting on white plastic chairs on the outdoor terrace.

Cities: The First 6,000 Years
by Monica L. Smith
Published 31 Mar 2019

New York had its infamous Five Points neighborhood, whose convenient location in the middle of the island of Manhattan—not unlike the centrality of the infamous slum of Dharavi in Mumbai—made it an attractive place of settlement even as it became more crowded and dangerous, “a slum in the very center of a city.” Paris had rough neighborhoods that were hotbeds of unrest that survived the upheaval of gentrification in the nineteenth century by simply moving from one physical locale to another and often out to the suburban banlieues. Those outlying areas “had no infrastructure to speak of, lagged far behind the original city in development, and became a dumping ground for the poor driven out of Paris by Haussmann’s demolitions and his disinterest in building affordable housing.”

Big Business: A Love Letter to an American Anti-Hero
by Tyler Cowen
Published 8 Apr 2019

If you are wondering why Austin, for instance, has so many good restaurants and such a cool downtown to walk around in, and why the percentage of the population that is well educated has risen so rapidly, venture capital is a big part of the answer. In Brooklyn, venture capital has helped drive gentrification and lower crime rates. Significant parts of Boston are populated by VC-funded operations, often in biotech, and the presence of venture capital has helped MIT and (to a lesser degree) Harvard maintain and extend their pivotal roles as centers of talent. Most of the world’s other major economies have not had much of a venture capital scene until lately.

Ten Lessons for a Post-Pandemic World
by Fareed Zakaria
Published 5 Oct 2020

Other cities, such as Houston, Washington, DC, and Miami, have seen slower growth rates in recent years, too. Yet much of this relates to the high cost of living in cities—a symptom of success, not failure. After all, the cities of 1970s America were hollowed out by “white flight”—today’s cities face gentrification, a problem arising from too many affluent people wanting to live there. In any case, most of those leaving cities are not headed for small towns. They are relocating within their metro region, or moving to other metros, sometimes smaller ones. What’s clear is that established cities are increasingly vying with one another to keep residents.

Four Lost Cities: A Secret History of the Urban Age
by Annalee Newitz
Published 2 Feb 2021

Brandon Thomas Luke, “Roman Pompeii, Geography of Death and Escape: The Deaths of Vesuvius” (master’s thesis, Kent State, 2013). 4. Nancy K. Bristow, “‘It’s as Bad as Anything Can Be’: Patients, Identity, and the Influenza Pandemic,” supplement 3, Public Health Reports 125 (2010): 134–44. 5. J. Andrew Dufton, “The Architectural and Social Dynamics of Gentrification in Roman North Africa,” American Journal of Archaeology 123, no. 2 (2019): 263–90. 6. Andrew Zissos, ed., A Companion to the Flavian Age of Imperial Rome (Malden, MA: Wiley & Sons, 2016). Chapter 7: An Alternate History of Agriculture 1. “Ancient Aliens,” History Channel (May 4, 2012), https://www.history.com/shows/ancient-aliens/season-4/episode-10. 2.

My Kitchen in Rome: Recipes and Notes on Italian Cooking
by Rachel Roddy
Published 2 Feb 2016

I should note that Testaccio, and its shops, bars, and most certainly the market itself, is a far cry from any rustic, whimsical, or Mediterranean idyll you might imagine, for although charming and charismatic, it is straightforward, traditional, ordinary. It is also an area tangibly struggling with change and the age-old story of gentrification, of which I was the surest sign: rising rents pushing out the traditional parts of the community and replacing them with a new crop of people with deeper pockets. My guilt wasn’t going to change anything, but my loyalty to the local shops might. So I was loyal, and embraced la vita del quartiere (the life of the quarter) wholeheartedly.

The Mole People: Life in the Tunnels Beneath New York City
by Jennifer Toth
Published 14 Jun 1993

“No other road in North America has been disreputable for so many decades,” historian Richard Beard wrote of Bowery Street in On Being Homeless: Historical Perspectives, the two-way street after which New York’s skid row was named. The street runs for sixteen blocks in lower Manhattan, but the actual skid row section encompasses a larger area of side streets and avenues. In 1949 almost fourteen thousand homeless were counted in the Bowery. Through gentrification and cleanup efforts, the population was more than halved by the early sixties. In 1987 another census claimed fewer than a thousand homeless lived in the Bowery. Not all of them left as the census would suggest. Some went underground. By day, many can still be seen on the streets. Some beg for change, some scavenge in refuse bins on corners, some pick through garbage behind restaurants.

Perfect Sound Whatever
by James. Acaster
Published 21 Aug 2019

To begin with audiences were connecting with the music, specifically the countless hooks and the lyrics about love. But when Trump got elected the band experienced an entirely different reaction from their fans. The parts of the album that address the systemic issues inherent with American capitalism – police brutality, gentrification, advertising culture, and the sad and confused mental state that puts everyone in – really hit home with people. Jeff suddenly found that speaking to fans about the record after the election made him feel less alone in his thoughts, and feeling less alone gave him hope that the next generation wouldn’t let this happen again.

Inventor of the Future: The Visionary Life of Buckminster Fuller
by Alec Nevala-Lee
Published 1 Aug 2022

“where employees can think”: The Spheres, https://www.seattlespheres.com (accessed January 2021). “Ideally,” Brand said: Stewart Brand, “The Clock and Library Projects,” https://longnow.org/about (accessed January 2021). “Industrialization must be recognized”: RBF, “Industrialization,” in SD, 8047. Mayor Rudolph Giuliani: Allegra Hobbs, “Gentrification’s Empty Victory,” New York Times, June 1, 2018, MB1. geodesic cabin: Luke Winkie, “What’s It Like to Own the Most-Visited Airbnb in the World,” Vox, last modified September 20, 2019, https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/9/20/20857633/airbnb-most-visited-popular-mushroom-dome-cabin. replacing doorknobs: RBF, EIK, session 9.

Farm City: The Education of an Urban Farmer
by Novella Carpenter
Published 25 May 2010

Benin probably had, like China and Ghana, a robust urban farming scene. Maybe he had no idea how abnormal my urban farm—his urban farm—was. Or maybe it was that I paid the rent on time, didn’t deal drugs, and had planted a beautiful vegetable garden next door, thereby notably increasing the value of his property. Some might argue I had been causing a bit of gentrification myself. But the pigs—and their odors—had put a stop to that. Once the landscaper finished installing the lawn, I let the pigs out from behind their gate. They immediately fell onto the lawn, snorting and rolling in the lush green grass. They loved the suburbs! I snapped some photos of the ridiculous sight of two pigs on the brand-new lawn.

Throwing Rocks at the Google Bus: How Growth Became the Enemy of Prosperity
by Douglas Rushkoff
Published 1 Mar 2016

Rents close to those bus stops were 20 percent higher than those in comparable areas,1 which were themselves doubling every few years to accommodate not only Google’s employees but those of Facebook, Twitter, and the other Silicon Valley darlings. And so on the same day Google’s stock happened to be reaching a new high on Wall Street, a dozen scrappy, yellow-vested protesters managed to paralyze one of the tech giant’s now infamous buses. Onto its side they plastered an Instagram-friendly banner that read “Gentrification & Eviction Technologies” in a perfect, multicolored Google font. Tapping into growing skepticism over the unequally distributed benefits of the tech boom, the image spread like wildfire. At least some small part of me smiled in solidarity with their critique. A few weeks later, there was nothing to smile about.

Mysteries of the Mall: And Other Essays
by Witold Rybczynski
Published 7 Sep 2015

In Washington, neighborhood issues, such as traffic, zoning, and economic development, are overseen by locally elected commissioners, who are also here today. Local demands can hold up projects and require concessions, so this meeting is important to the future of Thom’s project. Much of the discussion is focused on what is generally called gentrification, that is, the tendency of new development to raise real estate values, which can be a mixed blessing for existing residents. A local community organizer observes, “Every time low-income tenants see a dump truck going down the street, they feel that much closer to being pushed out of their homes.”

The Rise of the Outsiders: How Mainstream Politics Lost Its Way
by Steve Richards
Published 14 Jun 2017

Early in 2016 a senior figure at a think tank reflected with me on his typical day, living and working in London. He did so as part of a wider discussion on how, even in booming London, little worked as it should. Although he was on a decent salary, he and his family could afford only a small house in Hackney, once a relatively poor area but, following gentrification, now an area where homes sold for millions. His mortgage swallowed up much of his income. Each morning he took his young child to a crèche. The crèche was local-authority controlled and had originally been opened so that poorer parents could go to work. But the council was making big cuts in its budget and therefore had to charge high fees for the childcare.

The Making of a World City: London 1991 to 2021
by Greg Clark
Published 31 Dec 2014

Regenerating London: Governance, Sustainability and Community in a Global City. London: Routledge. p. 57– 74. The Economist (1994). Lessons from London. Aug 20. p. 10. The Economist (2012). Britain’s financial industry: Death by a thousand cuts. Jan 7. Available at www.economist.com/node/21542398. Accessed 2013 Mar 4. The Economist (2013a). London’s demography: Gentrification blues. Aug 9. Available at www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2013/08/londons-demography. Accessed 2014 Jun 19. The Economist (2013b). Cities: The vacuum cleaners. Nov 9. Available at www.economist.com/news/special-report/21589234-led-london-big-cities-are-suc king-up-talent-jobs-and-investment-everywhere-else.

Capitalism Without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy
by Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake
Published 7 Nov 2017

THE FUTURE: LAND USE AND PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE The Republic of Foo, our high-investment, intangible economy of the future, has significantly overhauled its land-use rules, particularly in major cities, making it easier to build housing and workplaces; at the same time, it invests significantly in the kind of infrastructure needed to make cities livable and convivial, in particular, effective transport and civic and cultural amenities, from museums to nightlife. In some cases, this involves rejecting big development plans that destroy existing places. It has faced political costs in making this change, especially from vested interests opposed to new development or gentrification, but the increased economic benefits of vibrant urban centers have provided enough incentive to tip the balance of power in favor of development. The cities of the Kingdom of Bar have chosen one of two unfortunate paths: in some cases, they have privileged continuity over dynamism in its towns—creating places like Oxford in the UK, which are beautiful and full of convivial public spaces, but where it is very hard to build anything, meaning few people can take advantage of the economic potential the place creates.

The Airbnb Story: How Three Ordinary Guys Disrupted an Industry, Made Billions...and Created Plenty of Controversy
by Leigh Gallagher
Published 14 Feb 2017

Of the 767,000 tourists Airbnb says it brought to New York in 2014, 40,000 of them stayed in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section in Brooklyn, where they spent $30 million. In Harlem, they spent $43 million; in Astoria, $10.6 million; in the South Bronx, $900,000. (Airbnb hired HR&A Advisors to do the study.) Yet none of this appeased Airbnb’s opponents, who just accused it of exacerbating gentrification in areas where it had already begun. By the summer of 2014, as the attorney general’s investigation was under way and shortly after the company had raised another megaround of funding at a $10 billion valuation, the conversation around Airbnb started getting heated and alarmist. “One person said, ‘I don’t want al-Qaeda in my building, therefore I don’t want Airbnb in my neighborhood,’” Chesky later told me.

After Zionism: One State for Israel and Palestine
by Antony Loewenstein and Ahmed Moor
Published 14 Jun 2012

An archive of his writings can be found at www.jkcook.net. JOSEPH DANA is a journalist based in the Middle East and Africa. He has written for Le Monde Diplomatique, The Nation, GQ (Germany) and the Mail & Guardian among other publications. Using the radio platform, he files reports on topics ranging from gentrification in Cape Town, South Africa to West Bank green energy projects for Monocle 24. Spending half the year in Africa and half in the Middle East, he is currently working on a memoir about identity politics and family history in Israel/Palestine. JEREMIAH HABER writes the Magnes Zionist blog, which the Leiter Reports has recently called “a refreshing repository of humane sensibility and intellectual integrity ... in the poisonous morass of American discussion about Israel”.

The Ghost
by Robert Harris
Published 22 Oct 2007

But from the attic extension that served as my office I had a view across west London that would not have disgraced a skyscraper: rooftops, railway yards, motorway, and sky—a vast urban prairie sky, sprinkled with the lights of aircraft descending toward Heathrow. It was this view that had sold me the apartment, not the estate agent’s gentrification patter—which was just as well, as the rich bourgeoisie have no more returned to this area than they have to downtown Baghdad. Kate had already let herself in and was watching the news. Kate: I had forgotten she was coming over for the evening. She was my—? I never knew what to call her. To say she was my girlfriend was absurd; no one the wrong side of thirty has a girlfriend.

We Need New Stories: Challenging the Toxic Myths Behind Our Age of Discontent
by Nesrine Malik
Published 4 Sep 2019

Aaronovitch had decided, arbitrarily, that to claim Islamophobia was a fiction was something which was open to debate and not beyond the pale, and he based that on his view that technically (tools like a technicality), Muslims were not classified as a race/people, even though they are treated like a race/people. It was a classic of the genre, a mess. People were intent on shoehorning our withdrawal request into the category of free speech when it was nothing of the sort. It was about Islamophobia and xenophobia and how the gentrification and rewarding of both makes the world a more dangerous place for those who will not be saved from a hate crime by pleading with the assailant about technicalities. A more dangerous place for those Muslims who cannot tweet thread away a knife assailant when coming home from the mosque, who cannot halt the snatching of the hijab from a woman’s head by arguing to their attackers that Muslims are not a race.

Norman Foster: A Life in Architecture
by Deyan Sudjic
Published 1 Sep 2010

The terraces on either side of Crescent Grove have been thinned out in an attempt to make it look like a place that people might want to live, rather than an essential but ultimately somewhat regrettable by-product of the Industrial Revolution. Foster describes the process that has reshaped Levenshulme since the time that he lived there as gentrification, but that is hardly the right word. There are still a few people here who say that they have lived in the area since they knew Foster as a child. They live alongside the occasional art student or folk musician and a vigorous community of migrants from Pakistan, along with their descendants. All of them have the electricity and the bathrooms that were luxuries during Foster’s childhood, yet this still isn’t a desirable address.

Please Don't Sit on My Bed in Your Outside Clothes: Essays
by Phoebe Robinson
Published 14 Oct 2021

But there were so many victories along the way that made up for the occasional misstep. Walking along the Chain Bridge, which spans the Danube. Silently taking in centuries of art at the Museum of Fine Arts. At night, hanging with a couple of newfound and temporary friends as we stumbled upon a found bar aka an abandoned building that was transformed into a bar, but not in a gentrification way. A banged-up claw-foot tub functioning as a place to sit. Graffiti on the walls of a stairwell that wouldn’t feel out of place in the background of an influencer’s selfie. Karaoke blasting from multiple rooms. Hungarian words flying everywhere. I savored every second of this sensory overload.

The Dawn of Eurasia: On the Trail of the New World Order
by Bruno Macaes
Published 25 Jan 2018

Money from Israel has been flowing in, allowing for the reconstruction of the oldest synagogue, which will soon become a museum, and the construction of a spacious shechita slaughterhouse. I meet a group of truant teenage boys there, trying to hide away from their elders, but young adults are generally difficult or impossible to find. The village looks placidly beautiful in the morning sunlight, and may perhaps even expect some years of fast gentrification as the money keeps coming from abroad, but this is the time after the storm, when the energy of the past has been spent and everyone can finally collect themselves. Before the Soviet era the village had no less than thirteen working synagogues. There are now two, but these are bigger and wealthier than ever before.

The Fields Beneath: The History of One London Village
by Gillian Tindall
Published 1 Oct 2002

The latter claimed, with truth, that they were saving a large part of Kentish Town from turning into the sort of desert which great tracts of south and east London had become, and thereby benefitting their working-class neighbours as much as themselves. However it was also indisputable that many of them, however innocent and well-intentioned in themselves, were only there occupying those particular houses at all because working-class tenants had been displaced from them. ‘Gentrification’ began to be used as a ready-made sneer on the lips of those who were, inevitably, articulate and middle class themselves but did not want to see themselves that way. They pointed out – again, with some truth – that the fabric of nineteenth-century housing was being preserved and restored at the expense of the teeming life it had previously sheltered.

Hiding in Plain Sight: The Invention of Donald Trump and the Erosion of America
by Sarah Kendzior
Published 6 Apr 2020

He went on to consolidate a crime network and launder money through purchased properties, eluding the FBI, who searched for him for years before realizing he had been living in a luxury apartment in Trump Tower the entire time.54 The 1990s were when the term “globalization” came into the popular vernacular, including as a target of protest, most notably in 1999 against the World Trade Organization. Most protesters decried the detrimental effect of globalization on labor both domestically and abroad, as American jobs went to foreign workers who were paid a pittance. They also denounced the rise of income inequality and gentrification, leading to extreme increases in the cost of living in international hubs like New York, San Francisco, and Miami due to the influx of wealthy foreigners driving up rent. Defenders of globalization saw unregulated global markets as a liberating force that went hand in hand with the democratization of former dictatorships that had occurred in the earlier part of the decade.

The Burning Land
by George Alagiah
Published 28 Aug 2019

Like much of the area around it, Yeoville had been through a familiar cycle of nineteenth-century gentility, fifties edgy chic and late-twentieth-century urban decay. Now it was a melting pot of African sounds and customs, a home for traders and traffickers alike. There was always talk of a renaissance and a few brave souls, like the trekkers of old, were taking a bet on its gentrification and moving in, not least because they couldn’t afford to live anywhere else in the city. But for the most part it was what it was – a place where no one asked any questions because the answers were never that simple. Sharmi knew it was the kind of place she needed now. It was a short drive from Hillbrow, across Joe Slovo Drive, then to Raleigh Street, the backbone of the area.

Drama Queen: One Autistic Woman and a Life of Unhelpful Labels
by Sara Gibbs
Published 23 Jun 2021

In theory, I loved the hustle and bustle of Brixton, with its busy market and the thriving traders at the unofficial market as you left the tube station, selling their wares, even if those wares happened to be Jesus and pot. In practice, I hated having to shove my way through the crowded streets, to have to line up to get into the tiny supermarket, to have to queue for fifteen minutes each morning just to get on a rush-hour bus and that I was a part of the gentrification problem in the area. The flat was beautifully decorated and a nice calm space, all hardwood floors and Habitat furniture, but it didn’t quite feel like home. I had been bad at sharing a space with people under fairly relaxed circumstances, but juggling a job and housemates was more than I could manage.

Eastern USA
by Lonely Planet

The neighborhood’s smack-, crack- and brick row houses sitting mere miles from the Mall form one of DC’s great contradictory panoramas, yet strong communities persist. More tourists started arriving on the first day of the baseball season in 2008, when Nationals Stadium opened, bringing with it double-edged gentrification. The impact of renovation dollars can already be seen at some spruced-up intersections. Frederick Douglass National Historic Site LANDMARK (www.nps.gov/frdo; 1411 W St SE; 9am-4pm) Freedom fighter, author and statesman Frederick Douglass occupied this beautifully sited hilltop house from 1878 until his death in 1895.

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Today Hampton Roads is known for its horribly congested roads, as well as its cultural mishmash of history, the military and the arts. NORFOLK Home to the world’s largest naval base, it’s not surprising that Norfolk had a reputation as a rowdy port town filled with drunken sailors. In recent years, the city has worked hard to clean up its image through development, gentrification and focusing on its burgeoning arts scene. Norfolk is now the state’s second-largest city, with a diverse population of 243,000. But at the end of the day, it still revolves around the US Navy, as evident by the frequent sights of mammoth warships offshore and sounds of screaming fighter jets above.

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Frenchman St, which runs through the center of the ’hood, is a fantastic strip of live-music goodness – what Bourbon St used to be before the strip clubs and daiquiri factories took over. The Bywater is an edgier area, where a good mix of white, African American working class and artists are straddling the edge of urban cool. A lot of new New Orleanians have moved into this area, bringing a bit of gentrification along with some decent funkiness to the pretty rows of shotgun shacks. Make It Right NEIGHBORHOOD (www.makeitrightnola.org; N Clairborne at Tennessee St) Brad Pitt’s futuristic green building project in the Lower Ninth Ward, Make It Right, dots the former devastated landscape like Jetsons -style living quarters.

The Rise and Fall of the British Nation: A Twentieth-Century History
by David Edgerton
Published 27 Jun 2018

Thompson, ‘Presidential Address: English Landed Society in the Twentieth Century: III, Self-Help and Outdoor Relief’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2 (1992), pp. 1–23. 18. See the pithy account of his wealth and partial ascent in Richard Davenport-Hines, Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew (London, 2012), pp. 37–44. 19. For many more examples see F. M. L. Thompson, Gentrification and the Enterprise Culture: Britain 1780–1980 (Oxford, 2001). 20. Stafford House (now Lancaster House) was the home of the Duke of Sutherland; Devonshire House, near Piccadilly, was demolished in 1924; Lansdowne House was bought by Gordon Selfridge; Dorchester House was rented out and demolished in 1929; Norfolk House, St James’s Square, was demolished in 1938.

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—, ‘Notes on Exterminism: The Last Stage of Civilization’, New Left Review 1 (May–June 1980). Thompson F. M. L. (ed.), The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950, 3 vols. (Cambridge, 1990). —, ‘Presidential Address: English Landed Society in the Twentieth Century: I, Property: Collapse and Survival’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 40 (1990), pp. 1–4. —, Gentrification and the Enterprise Culture: Britain 1780–1980 (Oxford, 2001). Thompson, Noel, ‘Socialist Political Economy in an Age of Affluence: The Reception of J. K. Galbraith by the British Social-Democratic Left in the 1950s and 1960s’, Twentieth Century British History 21 (2010), pp. 50–79. Thomson, M., The Problem of Mental Deficiency: Eugenics, Democracy and Social Policy in Britain, c.1870–1959 (Oxford, 1998)

Israel & the Palestinian Territories Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Into the 21st Century The new millennium brought more hard times, with more than a dozen suicide bombings in downtown Tel Aviv during the Second Palestinian Intifada. But the early 21st century also saw a rejuvenated economy based largely on high-tech innovation. Young Israelis started to move back to TLV, and older neighbourhoods such as Neve Tzedek and parts of Jaffa underwent gentrification. In recent years Tel Aviv has gained in both confidence and sophistication. In 2003 the city accepted Unesco World Heritage status for its 'White City' Bauhaus buildings; restoration of these is proceeding, albeit slowly. And it's also gaining additions to its infrastructure, including a light-rail line from Petach Tikva to Bat Yam (the first in what is hoped to be a series of new lines) and affordable housing. 1Sights This is a city that is best explored by foot or bicycle.

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Suzanne Dellal CentreARTS CENTRE ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %03-510 5656; www.suzannedellal.org.il; 5 Yechiely St, Neve Tzedek) The first school built outside the city walls of Jaffa, this 1892 building set in leafy surrounds was converted into a cultural centre between 1984 and 1989, triggering the gentrification of the formerly dishevelled Neve Tzedek neighbourhood. A popular venue for festivals and cultural events, it has a focus on dance and is home to the internationally recognised Batsheva troupe. Levinsky Spice MarketMARKET (Shuk Levinsky; MAP GOOGLE MAP ; www.shuktlv.co.il; Florentin) Equally beloved by celebrity chefs and local cooks, this aromatic stretch of stores along Levinsky St near the Central Bus Station was established in the 1920s by Balkan immigrants.

Lonely Planet Poland
by Lonely Planet

Staying InnHOTEL€€ (map Google map; %58 354 1543; www.stayinngdansk.com; ul Piwna 28/31; s/d from 170/200zł; aW) If you don’t plump for an apartment, this hotel may just be the city centre’s best deal with up-to-the-second decor and gadgets, guest kitchen, common room, the city’s fastest wi-fi, two rooms with disabled access and a heart-of-the-action location. Facilities, location and standards make this a good choice for businesspeople and backpackers, families and weekending couples. Ołowianka B&BGUESTHOUSE€€ (map Google map; %53 440 7040; www.olowianka.eu; ul Ołowianka 3a; s/d from 150/200zł; pW) Now slightly stranded amid the rapid gentrification of Ołowianka Island (but also right next to the new footbridge across the Motława), these cheap, basic but efficiently run digs are within ambling distance of all the sights and some rooms have pretty river views. There’s a no-frills bar-restaurant downstairs. Breakfast is extra. Willa LitarionHOTEL€€ (map Google map; %58 320 2553; www.litarion.pl; ul Spichrzowa 18; s/d from 170/250zł; W) On Spichlerze Island, the 13 stylishly furnished, light-flooded rooms here are bedecked in well-tuned browns, creams and golds with the odd splash of other hues, and bathrooms are crisp.

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Cafe LenkiewiczCAFE€ (map Google map; www.lenkiewicz.net; Wielkie Barbary 14; h9am-7pm; W) Toruń’s top ice-cream and gateau halt, best in summer when things spill out onto the pedestrianised street. Bar MlecznyCAFETERIA€ (map Google map; ul Różana 1; meals around 15zł; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun) This very popular milk bar offers substantial Polish stodge for a fistful of złoty amid token gentrification. The outdoor window serves waffles, ice cream and zapiekanki (Polish pizza). OberżaPOLISH€ (map Google map; %56 622 0022; www.facebook.com/oberzatorun; ul Rabiańska 9; mains 8-17zł; h11am-10pm Mon-Thu, to midnight Fri & Sat, to 9pm Sun; W) This self-service cafeteria stacks ’em high and sells ’em cheap for a hungry crowd of locals and tourists.

Rats
by Robert Sullivan
Published 8 May 2009

Shortly thereafter, he went into a coma, which lasted for several years until his death, on January 2, 1982, in the Bronx. I don't know how he died, but I know that at the time tuberculosis, cancer, and diabetes were epidemic in Harlem. In 1990, the New England journal of Medicine reported that men in Harlem had a shorter life expectancy than men in Bangladesh. A study in 2003, even after rapid gentrification had transformed parts of the neighborhood, indicated that one out of every four children in Harlem had asthma. Once, I trailed off through Harlem, along streets I'd never been on before, looking for Jesse Gray's old headquarters or anyone who might remember him. I walked with a pace enthused by the knowledge of this rat-affiliated man, seeing the usual telltale signs of rats that I now see on all my walks everywhere in the city since spending time in the alley, but now also seeing the ghosts of rent strikers, of ancient community activists, of renters rising against rats.

Pattern Recognition
by William Gibson
Published 2 Jan 2003

Somewhere nearby is a Victorian doss house, a vast red brick pile of a hostel for the homeless, purpose-built and hideous, and its inhabitants, however individually transitory, have congregated in the High Street since the day it first opened. Damien had shown it to her one full-moon night, out walking. It stood as a bulwark against gentrification, he'd explained. The re-purposers, the creators of loft spaces, saw the inhabitants, these units dedicated to the steady-state consumption of fortified lagers and sugary ciders, and turned back. And these defenders stand now, drinking, amid the Children's Crusade, rocks in a river of youth. A peaceful people for the most part, when their spells weren't on them, but now one, younger perhaps than the others, looks at her out of blue and burning eyes, acetylene and ageless, from the depths of his affliction, and she shivers, and hurries on, wondering what it was he'd seen.

The Revenge of Analog: Real Things and Why They Matter
by David Sax
Published 8 Nov 2016

Everyone from the media to the music industry struggled to explain the surprising return of vinyl records worldwide. Commonly cited marketing buzzwords, such as authenticity, nostalgia, and millennial, were deployed in various combinations. Others just pinned it on the dreaded hipster, that ill-defined species of early aughts youth culture, which remains the preferred scapegoat for any urban gripe, from gentrification to the tightness of jeans. I saw the return of vinyl records as part of a bigger phenomenon. The Revenge of Analog. Five years before June Records opened, I attended a retreat in Park City, Utah, organized by a Jewish organization called Reboot. The weekend included all sorts of activities designed to reexamine Jewish identity and culture, and a part of this required everyone in attendance to abstain from technology over the Sabbath, the twenty-four-hour rest period between sundown Friday and sundown Saturday.

No Is Not Enough: Resisting Trump’s Shock Politics and Winning the World We Need
by Naomi Klein
Published 12 Jun 2017

But in 1975, federal and state cutbacks, combined with a national recession, pushed New York to the brink of all-out bankruptcy, and the crisis was seized upon to dramatically remake the city. Under cover of crisis came a wave of brutal austerity, sweetheart deals to the rich, and privatizations—with the end result of turning the city so many of us love into the temple of speculative finance, luxury consumption, and nonstop gentrification that we know today. In Fear City, a recently published book about this little-understood chapter in America’s past, historian Kim Phillips-Fein meticulously documents how the remaking of New York City in the seventies was a prelude to what would become a global tidal wave, one that has left the world sharply divided between the one percent and the rest—and nowhere more so than in the city Donald Trump calls home.

The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy
by Aaron Perzanowski and Jason Schultz
Published 4 Nov 2016

Tim Logan, Emily Alpert Reyes, and Ben Poston, “Airbnb and Other Short-Term Rentals Worsen Housing Shortage, Critics Say,” Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2015, http://www.latimes.com/business/realestate/la-fi-airbnb-housing-market-20150311-story.html, accessed September 4, 2015; Laura Kusisto, “Airbnb Pushes Up Apartment Rents Slightly, Study Says,” Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2015, http://blogs.wsj.com/developments/2015/03/30/airbnb-pushes-up-apartment-rents-slightly-study-says/, accessed September 4, 2015. 3. Rachel Monroe, “More Guests, Empty Houses,” Slate, February 13, 2014, http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/02/airbnb_gentrification_how_the_sharing_economy_drives_up_housing_prices.html, accessed September 4, 2015. 4. Stephen Gandel, “Uber-nomics: Here’s What It Would Cost Uber to Pay Its Drivers as Employees,” Fortune, September 17, 2015, http://fortune.com/2015/09/17/ubernomics/, accessed November 20, 2015. 5. Alison Griswold, “Uber Surged Prices during the Sydney Hostage Crisis.

An Economist Gets Lunch: New Rules for Everyday Foodies
by Tyler Cowen
Published 11 Apr 2012

Yet there is a subtler point: using economic language, the marginal cost of quality rises. That means the best food is more expensive than before, compared to so-so food, which keeps on getting cheaper. On average, it is the wealthier buyers who stick with quality food purchases and a lot of the poorer buyers give up on good taste and simply eat cheaply. Think of it as a gentrification effect, but for food rather than real estate. Good, cheap food has become harder to find in Paris, just as a good, cheap apartment is difficult or impossible to come across in Manhattan or London. That’s a sign of overall success for those cities but still it makes life harder for some people, clearly those without lots of money.

Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection
by John T. Cacioppo
Published 9 Aug 2009

Weiss’s colleague Mark Fried referred to the loneliness of working-class residents of Boston’s West End “grieving for a lost home” after their neighborhood was razed for what was then called urban renewal.6 This was a community of people rich in attachments, both to the place and to one another. Just a few years ago you could get a taste of what the West End had been like by walking through Boston’s North End—a chaotic jumble that seemed to operate as an extended family. But now gentrification threatens the established connections in that community as well. In most industrialized nations, champions of modernism like New York’s “master builder” Robert Moses continued until very recently to bulldoze older neighborhoods to run expressways through cities, and urban planners built huge housing projects—“vertical slums”—to warehouse the poor.

Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution
by Janette Sadik-Khan
Published 8 Mar 2016

Included are recreation rooms for arts and crafts, dance lessons, and computers where kids can surf, research, and write. If Medellín was like Mexico City, it would sprawl into the mountain forests. Medellín’s leaders instead established a greenbelt that preempts development from the forces of both gentrification and sprawling poverty. A Hollywood-style sign is visible from the nearly alpine slant of streets leading to the hillside neighborhoods: Jardín. It refers to the Jardín Circunvalar, a lush, Andean envelope that is starting to wrap the entire city. Instead of more development, the green space will provide a continuous foot and bike path, connect hillside and recreational areas, where locals can play basketball and soccer, and allow for designated agricultural areas, where local residents can grow fruits and vegetables to supplement their diets and incomes.

The Corruption of Capitalism: Why Rentiers Thrive and Work Does Not Pay
by Guy Standing
Published 13 Jul 2016

This worrying trend is pushing up student indebtedness, as high-cost accommodation replaces often scruffier but more affordable housing. One reason is the building by private developers of purpose-built, luxury student dwellings, often boasting a private gym and gaming room, spurred partly by rising numbers of affluent overseas students attending British universities. The gentrification of accommodation is helping to sell universities in the global marketplace, where they are increasingly competing on the basis of a ‘total experience’: for the lifestyle on offer rather than just the perceived value of their degrees and diplomas. Meanwhile, keen to maximise profits or to overcome cost pressures, universities have been selling their previously low-rent student dwellings to private investors, creating space for global finance to expand in a semi-captive market.

The Myth of Capitalism: Monopolies and the Death of Competition
by Jonathan Tepper
Published 20 Nov 2018

The corporate buses that Google and other tech companies offer to ferry their workers from the city to Silicon Valley, 30 miles to the south, are being targeted by an increasingly assertive guerrilla campaign of disruption.24 Protestors burned effigies of the private buses and held parties to smash them as piñatas. Protesters have rallied at the San Francisco International Airport and outside Twitter's offices to protest gentrification and inequality. These foreshocks are easy to ignore, but the elite is starting to feel them. Last year Nick Hanauer, one of the early investors in Amazon and part of the 0.01%, wrote an open memo to “My Fellow Zillionaires.” The piece was appropriately titled, “The Pitchforks Are Coming … for Us Plutocrats”: If we don't do something to fix the glaring inequities in this economy, the pitchforks are going to come for us.

Le Freak: An Upside Down Story of Family, Disco, and Destiny
by Nile Rodgers
Published 17 Oct 2011

In almost every sphere of life, I’d seen the same pattern: The dominant culture manages to direct less powerful people away from their cultural, financial, geographical, and residential base so that the dominant culture can move in and claim it. They rename those assets and, presto chango, you’ve got gentrification. This dynamic is nothing new: Ask the Native Americans, who had the land they were living on “discovered” right out from under them. So I thought maybe now was a good time to reclaim a word that was already mine as much as anyone else’s. Still, I was nervous about the “D” word, because while I didn’t want to leave the word around for someone to steal, I didn’t want to be seen as a one-trick pony either.

Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World
by Anand Giridharadas
Published 27 Aug 2018

In Cohen’s years at Georgetown, beginning in 2010, the anger about inequality and a seemingly elusive American dream had yet to peak. But it was already unavoidable. The country was still limping back to life after the Great Recession. The university’s setting in Washington also made vivid the gentrification that since Cohen’s birth had cut by half the black population as a fraction of the surrounding Ward Two—a fact impressed upon students by The Hoya, the campus newspaper. Two months after Cohen enrolled, and in a very different vein, the Tea Party won a significant victory in the 2010 midterm congressional elections.

How to Turn Down a Billion Dollars: The Snapchat Story
by Billy Gallagher
Published 13 Feb 2018

It is attracting high-quality talent and venture capital money to Los Angeles, making it easier for other startups to recruit. Years down the road, if Snapchat has a successful IPO, employees will eventually leave the company to start their own startups and become angel investors. The community will grow and grow as the rising tide lifts all boats. But Snapchat’s success has also led to rising rents and gentrification that has pushed out some longtime residents of Venice. One of the reasons Evan initially liked having Snapchat in Venice was that employees could talk openly about work at a bar without worrying about being overheard by competitors, journalists, or other people in the tech ecosystem. The town that had previously attracted the artists, writers, poets, and beatniks now attracted young professionals looking to strike it rich in the tech world.

The Undertow: Scenes From a Slow Civil War
by Jeff Sharlet
Published 21 Mar 2023

Pastor Rich, who has never read either—I counted no more than a dozen books in his penthouse, and even Rich Sr. described his son’s book, Sandcastle Kings, as “simplistic”—has through spiritual osmosis distilled the messages of both. He remains relentlessly upbeat even as he appropriates a hip-hop culture suffused with suffering and pleasure alike. It’s a theology of gentrification: the gritty city as a site for “authenticity” made over to house a gospel with little mention of the cross, an urban ministry of spotless cool. He has crossed the secular divide his forebears could not. He has been to the mountain, and there he did sing “Awesome God” while hoverboarding in a conga line with Justin Bieber.

IRL: Finding Realness, Meaning, and Belonging in Our Digital Lives
by Chris Stedman
Published 19 Oct 2020

Digital spaces were once regarded as the realm of “losers” who couldn’t connect in any other way—less-real spaces for less-real connections. In a sense, the internet became a place where a number of marginalized groups could move into unoccupied, seemingly undesired territory and make a home for themselves. Yet today, like the gentrification sweeping through low-income neighborhoods across American cities, dominant groups are coming into the digital territories that were once a home for socially excluded people. Almost all of the people who once dismissed the internet have now moved in. In Rising, Elizabeth Rush points out that a great deal of America’s undesirable land has existed along its shores.

The Alternative: How to Build a Just Economy
by Nick Romeo
Published 15 Jan 2024

US Census Bureau data suggest that as many as 3.5 million Americans faced the immediate prospect of eviction during the pandemic.24 Research also indicates that more racially diverse neighborhoods face higher rates of eviction.25 A flexible yet powerful model that allows communities to access capital to permanently preserve affordable housing could help reverse the displacements of small businesses and residents. The earlier that neighborhood associations and residents notice signs of gentrification and begin organizing themselves, the better positioned they are to resist it. Kemper recently spoke with a group in Baltimore interested in the MINT model. They realized that if they had done something similar ten years ago, they might have preserved entire neighborhoods that have since gentrified.

USA's Best Trips
by Sara Benson
Published 23 May 2010

Across Houston St and heading east, you are walking the border between the funky Lower East Side on your right and the iconic East Village on your left. When you come across Ave C, head north, into what used to be called Alphabet City. Comprising Aves A, B, C and D, these four streets entered pop culture lore as the backdrop to the Broadway smash, Rent, the story of young creative types struggling to make art (and the rent) in pre-gentrification New York. This was formerly a drug ghetto full of tenement squats but there are new signs of life along these prettied-up avenues, like the bluesy bar Louis 649, on the 1st floor of a restored townhouse, with hardwood floors, a resident pit bull and a louche, speakeasy feel. The 6th & B community garden is a green space that the city let founder in the 1990s, but which was reclaimed by local residents who turned it into the glowing, fragrant urban oasis it is now.

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The owner’s funny-bone pokes out on the names of items like the “Republican” taco, which has a “wiener” in it. “There’s something known as ‘Austin chic’,” Chris explains. It’s a trendy, yuppified aesthetic – with a quirky edge. “S Congress, S Lamar and S 1st St all have it.” Some locals resent the well-completed gentrification of formerly boho neighborhoods. “Keep Austin Weird” bumper stickers promote an individualism some fear may be lost amid the continued influx of newbies to the capital. Sylvia suggests that if you want to check out the still-up-and-coming, you have to head to East Austin. A lot of little restaurants and art galleries are spread around the neighborhood, and new businesses are coming in all the time.

The Rough Guide to Sri Lanka
by Rough Guides
Published 21 Sep 2018

Rooms are lovingly furnished and brimful of character (albeit a couple are rather small); best is the Cinnamon Suite, occupying the whole first floor of the main house (no a/c). There’s also marvellous food and a small pool set in an enchanting, frangipani-studded garden. B&B $200 Eating The ongoing gentrification of the Fort has given Galle a long-overdue injection of culinary sophistication, and there’s now a good range of restaurants. For those on a budget, most of the Fort’s guesthouses dish up good local cooking, as do the growing number of homespun cafés, which usually offer lunchtime rice and curry as well as Western light meals and snacks.

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If you’re heading west from Unawatuna, it’s easiest to take a tuktuk to Galle and pick up a bus or train there. By tuktuk A tuktuk to or from Galle costs around Rs.400. Tuktuks to Weligama/Mirissa shouldn’t cost more than Rs.1000. Accommodation There are heaps of places to stay in Unawatuna, though the resort’s ongoing popularity and increasing gentrification has pushed up prices. Note that parts of the beach can be noisy well into the small hours during high season (Nov to mid-April) if there’s a late-night disco going on, and you’ll pay over the odds for a beachfront location; the best-value accommodation is away from the water. Seasonal variations and fluctuations in demand keep prices fluid – outside high season rates fall by up to thirty percent in many places, though at any time of year it’s worth bargaining if trade is quiet.

The death and life of the great American school system: how testing and choice are undermining education
by Diane Ravitch
Published 2 Mar 2010

But relatively little attention has been paid to the remarkable economic boom and demographic changes in the district during the 1990s. These shifts surely influenced the district’s educational gains. Alvarado’s tenure in District 2 stretched from 1987 to 1998. This was a period of population growth and rapid gentrification in District 2, when many neighborhoods were changing and slum buildings were replaced by high-rise luxury apartment buildings. Once-impoverished sections in Chelsea, Soho, Tribeca, the far West Side, and the Lower East Side became fashionable, expensive neighborhoods. Even the Bowery, long known for its flophouses for indigents, was transformed into a stretch of luxury apartment buildings.

Creative Intelligence: Harnessing the Power to Create, Connect, and Inspire
by Bruce Nussbaum
Published 5 Mar 2013

The original Rivington Street shop has closed and a foray into a larger Chinese food restaurant did not succeed, but Eddie and Evan are expanding their Fourteenth Street location and planning to open more restaurants. They are also working on scaling the brand by widening their circle of contacts and expanding Baohaus. Eddie has worked with fashion designers and launched his own line of clothing, Hoodman Clothing, that features illustrations criticizing gentrification and other trends that Huang believes are destroying the Lower East Side. On his blog Fresh Off the Boat, and on Twitter and Facebook, he is outspoken about “hipster chefs,” the role of food in transforming culture, and the Chinese immigrant experience in America. The Huangs have networked with major radio, TV, and online shows to talk about baos, culture, and the politics of food.

American Kingpin: The Epic Hunt for the Criminal Mastermind Behind the Silk Road
by Nick Bilton
Published 15 Mar 2017

Julia stared out the window as they waited for their breakfast to arrive. They seemed to be in a blue-collar neighborhood, a small enclave on the edge of the city with an Irish pub and lots of middle-class families. Yet among the people walking by, heading to work or a nearby coffee shop, Julia observed techies in hoodies and Google T-shirts; it seemed gentrification was afoot. “So what are we doing today?” she asked while taking a sip from the diner’s shitty burned coffee. “Well,” Ross said, “I have some work to do, so why don’t you go and wander around the stores and we can meet up later?” “That’s fine. I’ll do some shopping.” After breakfast Ross handed her a set of keys and walked in the direction of Monterey Boulevard, toward his apartment.

9Tail Fox
by Jon Courtenay Grimwood
Published 19 Oct 2005

They were all stood on an old naval quay, south of the rusting cranes, with a north-easterly wind driving rain in from the Bay and twilight turning to darkness around them. Beneath the quay’s sodden planks water lapped restlessly against concrete pilings and worried at ragged stumps of wood, all that remained of an earlier pier. Creeping gentrification would change this area, but not yet, and quite possibly never here, because the cancerous concrete and broken wharves of Poon Quay looked like they would crumble beneath the waves rather than succumb. This was Louie’s territory, Louie being Colonel Billy’s friend, when she wasn’t being his enemy … Sometimes they were lovers, though it was hard to know where that came in the sequence.

The Deficit Myth: Modern Monetary Theory and the Birth of the People's Economy
by Stephanie Kelton
Published 8 Jun 2020

If you own real estate in a neighborhood, you have immense power over whether people in that neighborhood can afford housing and their utility bills—not to mention sway over the course of the neighborhood’s economic development. (Who does, and does not, own property—and thus who gets to decide what happens to the property—is really the heart of the gentrification problem, for instance.) People with great wealth essentially get to decide the fate of their fellow citizens’ livelihoods. As of 2016, the wealthiest 10 percent of US households commanded more than 70 percent of all wealth in the country. Meanwhile, the top 1 percent controlled almost 40 percent71—a larger share than they’ve posted at any point since 1929, just before the Great Depression.

Dark, Salt, Clear: Life in a Cornish Fishing Town
by Lamorna Ash
Published 1 Apr 2020

He says they were desperate to sell to a Cornish person, but the amount was too much for anyone from down here, so eventually they had to settle for a holiday let agency. James’s grandad was so upset that he could not speak for weeks afterwards, knowing that he is now, in some small way, part of the gentrification of the area that is cleaning it out of actual Cornish people. James laments that you can barely tell anymore that Mousehole and St Ives were once thriving fishing ports. The very thing that made them what they are today has been torn right out, leaving behind only husks, their harbours merely facades.

Women Talk Money: Breaking the Taboo
by Rebecca Walker
Published 15 Mar 2022

And each month, I forked over an out-of-budget check for a one-bedroom apartment with a photogenic yet termite-ridden vaulted ceiling, one noisy and tepid AC unit, and a kitchen only slightly larger than a bathtub. I woke up most mornings to the ruckus of trash hauls, fire trucks, and the onslaught of gentrification construction. At night, I plugged my ears to keep out the jittery thrum of LAPD helicopters seeking so-called criminal suspects. I came to Los Angeles in 2013 because—for as many ways as it’s corrupted—the city’s lifeblood is still creativity and art. Writers there, working in “the industry,” actually got paid.

Burning Down the Haus: Punk Rock, Revolution, and the Fall of the Berlin Wall
by Tim Mohr
Published 10 Sep 2018

The ethos of East Berlin punk infused the city with a radical egalitarianism and a DIY approach to maintaining independence—to conjuring up the world you want to live in regardless of the situation or surroundings. Berliners today still fight for the right of self-determination with a seriousness not seen in other Western cities. A straight line connects Major and Esther to the anti-gentrification movement that has left smoke billowing from the charred remains of hundreds of luxury cars in Berlin in recent years. Say it, speak it, shout it out loud. A straight line connects Planlos and Namenlos to Eimer and Tacheles, to Berghain and About Blank, and on to all the other clubs that will inevitably follow.

The Secret Lives of Buildings: From the Ruins of the Parthenon to the Vegas Strip in Thirteen Stories
by Edward Hollis
Published 10 Nov 2009

IN THE PRESENT-DAY happily ever after, Jacqueline Röber is a community councillor and a lawyer who lives and works at one end of Bernauerstrasse. Röber is an expert on property law—something of a burning issue in a neighborhood like hers, where rents were capped at GDR prices until the pressures of gentrification blew the Berlin housing market wide open. A child of the East zone, Röber didn’t expect much from the newly unified Germany, and although she’s done well for herself she hasn’t forgotten her roots. These days, she is an advocate for the erstwhile citizens of her vanished nation. Her campaigning has led her into direct confrontation with another inheritor of the same legacy.

We Are All Fast-Food Workers Now: The Global Uprising Against Poverty Wages
by Annelise Orleck
Published 27 Feb 2018

In 2012, they published a comic book called They Said It Was Impossible!: How to Win Progressive Change When the Odds Are Against Us. A series of case studies and guidelines for campaigns, the book suggests strategies for “reclaiming our country the smart way.” Don’t focus on losses, says Janis: decline in unions, outsourced jobs, gentrification. Look to the future and figure out how to build unions, create jobs, construct or rehab affordable housing. The Community Benefits Agreement they negotiated when LA’s airport expanded brought half a billion dollars in benefits back to the community. Community Organizing for Responsible Development (CORD) did the same with a CBA around construction of the Yale-New Haven Medical Center in 2006.

Nomad Capitalist: How to Reclaim Your Freedom With Offshore Bank Accounts, Dual Citizenship, Foreign Companies, and Overseas Investments
by Andrew Henderson
Published 8 Apr 2018

In Europe, for instance, the city center is still the central business district and the most valuable real estate. This can be a shock to those of us from the United States or Australia who are used to companies moving into the suburbs in exchange for well-manicured lawns and free, easy parking. While you can play the gentrification game in already expensive cities like London where you can invest where the growth is moving, finding the best opportunities in those situations can be challenging. What I find much easier is studying a country. Unlike London, where you need to live there to know what move to make, you do not even have to leave home to create a list of candidate countries with growing real estate markets.

A Small Farm Future: Making the Case for a Society Built Around Local Economies, Self-Provisioning, Agricultural Diversity and a Shared Earth
by Chris Smaje
Published 14 Aug 2020

Mountain people knew how to soldier and hunt, to track an animal or an enemy through the woods. But few of them could organize against an act of the legislature or to stop a clear-cut.’11 So it’s worth thinking about how capital might move into and challenge a future supersedure state. Probably the least threatening way is through rural gentrification, when wealthy people buy smallholdings or even largeholdings and set themselves up in farming. By doing so, they make themselves part of the supersedure state’s political community and subject to its jurisdiction, thereby giving it the opportunity to keep their landlordism in check. I don’t discount the dangers of such landed economic power parlaying itself into political power, a reinvented aristocracy, but in a supersedure situation of substantial abandonment by state centres and a strong emphasis on shared local self-reliance, the chances of overcoming such moves are good.

The Deepest Map
by Laura Trethewey
Published 15 May 2023

I had heard that complaint from ocean mappers before. As much as they appreciated a multimillionaire bringing money and publicity to the cause, the congratulatory coverage was a bit much. It wasn’t as though a financier had invented ocean mapping or something. It reminded me a little of the debates about neighborhood gentrification: Scientists had labored for years on gritty ships, pulling twelve-hour workdays, away from their families for weeks at a time, in order to haul back some seemingly small but scientifically priceless piece of data about the deep sea. Then the billionaires, the new kids on the block, had strolled in, taken a look around, and decided that the neighborhood needed a bit of sprucing up.

Cheap Land Colorado: Off-Gridders at America's Edge
by Ted Conover
Published 1 Nov 2022

The Arctic world of Barry Lopez didn’t have alcoholic, burned-out carpet installers drinking away the last weeks of their lives; it hardly had people at all. Put people on the land and things change. A friend of mine who, after graduating from Stanford, spent her working years as a waitress in Aspen, wrestled a lot with the despoliation of a beautiful valley and the gentrification of a funky old mountain town, which she saw happening around her. She might have been quoting a friend of hers when she shared one of her mantras. “The problem with paradise,” she said, “is you bring yourself to it.” 6 Love and Murder Motherfucker, you just made me fall in love with you.

Discover Great Britain
by Lonely Planet
Published 22 Aug 2012

Given the town’s crucial historical importance, its proximity to the national park and its reputation as a centre of Welsh culture (it has the highest percentage of Welsh speakers of anywhere), parts of the town centre are surprisingly down-at-heel. Still, there’s a lot of charm and a tangible sense of history in the streets around the castle. Within the cobbled lanes of the old walled town are some fine Georgian buildings, while the waterfront area has started on the inevitable march towards gentrification. The castle was built by Edward I as the last link in his ‘iron ring’ and it’s now part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd Unesco World Heritage Site. Sights & Activities Caernarfon Castle Castle, Museum (Cadw; adult/child £4.95/4.60; 9am-5pm Apr-Oct, 9.30am-4pm Mon-Sat & 11am-4pm Sun Nov-Mar) Majestic Caernarfon Castle was built between 1283 and 1330 as a military stronghold, a seat of government and a royal palace.

David Mitchell: Back Story
by David Mitchell
Published 10 Oct 2012

My guess is that there was always a pub on this corner and, when the area was bulldozed for redevelopment, they decided to incorporate it into the new estate – still on the corner but now with a dozen concrete floors on top of it. The old Victorian gin palace, or even Elizabethan alehouse, was recreated in utilitarian breezeblocks. It’s horrible and inhuman – they might as well have installed a vending machine for alcohol injections. It’s a grim, doomed pub, architecturally immune to the gentrification of the area, incapable of going gastro. It looks dated in the way only the naïve prognostications of people in the past can. It’s like watching an episode of Space 1999, a show made in 1975 which predicted habitable moonbases before the end of the millennium but showed no sign of expecting its star, Martin Landau, to win an Oscar five years earlier

44 Scotland Street
by Alexander McCall Smith
Published 13 Jun 2005

On the Way to the Floatarium Irene had an appointment at the Floatarium, but with a good half-hour in hand before she was due to submit to the tank’s womb-like embrace, she had time to enjoy the bright, late spring day. Strolling along Cumberland Street that morning, she noted the changes brought by relentless gentrification. A few years back there had been at least some lace curtains; now the windows with their newly-restored astragals were reassuringly bare, the better to allow, at ground level at least, expensive minimalist or neopost-Georgian furniture to be admired. Irene paused before the windows of one flat and pondered the colour scheme.

Ghettoside: A True Story of Murder in America
by Jill Leovy
Published 27 Jan 2015

But by the time the station was built, wealthy Koreans, in flight from crashing Asian stock markets in the late 1990s, had snapped up real estate in the area, and developers had built hip new lofts that attracted students and professionals. At the same time, homicides had plummeted among the area’s remaining Spanish-speaking immigrants. It was an astonishing change. Among the lessons to be drawn was that poverty does not necessarily engender homicide. Even after gentrification began to take hold, nearly 40 percent of Rampart residents remained below the poverty line. Many of these poor city dwellers were illegal immigrants crammed into shabby brick apartment buildings; the neighborhood was relatively dense by L.A. standards. Yet black residents in South L.A. had vastly higher death rates from homicide.

This Is London: Life and Death in the World City
by Ben Judah
Published 28 Jan 2016

Neasden is where row after row of Victorian London finally ends. The mellow Georgian mansions and little cottage-pie lanes in Shepherd’s Bush have suddenly gone. Harlesden’s endless ladder of cramped, pompous Edwardian terraces, dotted with defunct gin palaces, has given way to bogus Tudor drives. And this is where gentrification ends, too. The English currency of status in this city is Victorian brick – and these niggling suburban semis are far from what the wealthy English dream for in London. John Betjeman had it in for Neasden. This was the loneliest village in London. The home of the average citizen and the garden gnome.

The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape
by James Howard Kunstler
Published 31 May 1993

As a child of my times, I was naturally ignorant about the culture of place-making which America had thrown away in its eagerness to be­ come a �lltiQn. It simply wasn't there anymore, especially for someone unconnected to the formal study of architecture. Nobody I knew, or even knew of, talked about building good towns. Cities were considered hopeless--the official policy of urban renewal was a sick joke, and individual acts of urban gentrification were commonly sneered T H E G E O G R A P H Y O F N O W H E R E at as an offense to the poor. To be against cars was more un-American than being against the Vietnam War-even hippies loved their Volks­ wagen microbuses, and every guitar player had his song of the open road. It took me twenty years of searching to begin to understand my own emotional response to the places I lived in in America.

Together
by Vivek H. Murthy, M.D.
Published 5 Mar 2020

Beacon Hill inspired hundreds of other Villages around the country, including the San Francisco Village, which has a network of small, hyperlocal Neighborhood Circles organized by zip code. This organizational principle fosters a strong local, neighborhood connection that’s especially valuable in San Francisco, a city where increasing gentrification and displacement threaten to further isolate older adults. When I spoke with Kate Hoepke, the executive director of San Francisco Village, she told me that their programs are specifically aimed at helping members “navigate today’s changing cultural and economic San Francisco” so that they stay engaged and involved not just with one another but also with the city around them.

Why We Drive: Toward a Philosophy of the Open Road
by Matthew B. Crawford
Published 8 Jun 2020

Zelda Bronstein, “Industry and the Smart City,” Dissent, Summer 2009, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/industry-and-the-smart-city. Bronstein, whom I count a friend, is in her seventies and exemplifies an older left: her sympathies lie with production over consumption, and labor over rentiers. In this she has found herself out of joint with some of today’s progressives who seem to worry about gentrification, not out of a concern to preserve space for productive activities, but to block incursions of what they take to be a malignant force directed against innocents, a moral drama understood in racial terms. 6.Lucsko, Junkyards, Gearheads, and Rust, p. 134. 7.Michael Oakeshott, “On Being Conservative,” Rationalism in Politics (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Press, 1991), p. 414. 8.Lucsko, p.

System Error: Where Big Tech Went Wrong and How We Can Reboot
by Rob Reich , Mehran Sahami and Jeremy M. Weinstein
Published 6 Sep 2021

We can see around us the beginning of a modern revival of the Luddites, nineteenth-century textile workers who destroyed machines they believed might one day replace them at their jobs: taxi drivers organizing against ride-share applications in New York and other major cities; Barcelona’s crackdown on Airbnb in an effort to sustain the hospitality industry and prevent further urban gentrification. One recent Nobel Prize–winning economist, Paul Romer, even warned that as anger at tech companies boils over, it may result in the bombing of data centers. But like that of the Luddites, whose tactics did not achieve their goal of stopping industrialization, violence aimed at destroying computing machinery will not stop the juggernaut of automation.

Arriving Today: From Factory to Front Door -- Why Everything Has Changed About How and What We Buy
by Christopher Mims
Published 13 Sep 2021

Long-Haul Truck Drivers: The Influence of Work Organization and Sleep on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Risk,” PloS ONE 13, no. 11 (2018), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207322. “AirSpace”: Kyle Chayka, “Welcome to AirSpace,” The Verge, August 3, 2016, https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/3/12325104/airbnb-aesthetic-global-minimalism-startup-gentrification. thirty years of political and legal wrangling: Hannah Steffensen, “A Timeline of the ELD Mandate: History & Important Dates,” GPS Trackit, May 3, 2017, https://gpstrackit.com/blog/a-timeline-of-the-eld-mandate-history-and-important-dates. no effect on the number of crashes: Alex Scott, Andrew Balthrop, and Jason Miller, “Did the Electronic Logging Device Mandate Reduce Accidents?”

On the Road: Adventures From Nixon to Trump
by James Naughtie
Published 1 Apr 2020

These stories, and so many others like them, sustain its identity, which is why they are as important to the city – to its heart – as the next new tower or subway line. Or the next Trumpish figure wanting to become a new Master of the Universe. In 1970, so much of that old New York was still on display. The gentrification of Lower Manhattan had hardly begun. The Lower East Side, around McSorley’s Old Ale House, would have been familiar to someone who had lived there in the later 1940s. The neighbourhoods of the city were still living in their own ways. Little Italy, for example, wasn’t yet the tourist trap it became, and the Upper West Side was still the place where the Sharks and Jets might have battled in the street, to Leonard Bernstein’s score.

The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America
by Timothy Snyder
Published 2 Apr 2018

Life with parents: Rebecca Beyer, “This is not your parents’ economy,” Stanford, July–Aug. 2017, 46. Children: Melissa Schettini Kearney, “Income Inequality in the United States,” testimony before the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress, Jan. 16, 2014. San Francisco: Rebecca Solnit, “Death by Gentrification,” in John Freeman, ed., Tales of Two Americas: Stories of Inequality in a Divided Nation (New York: Penguin, 2017). As Warren Buffett put it Buffett quotation: Mark Stelzner, Economic Inequality and Policy Control in the United States (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 3. On health and voting, see the next note.

The Viral Underclass: The Human Toll When Inequality and Disease Collide
by Steven W. Thrasher
Published 1 Aug 2022

This led to more incarceration, which created more homelessness, in an inescapable whirlpool of catastrophe. Incarceration and homelessness are linked in that people experiencing both are often perceived by those experiencing neither to be disposable. Homelessness isn’t caused only by incarceration; gentrification (itself sustained by policing) is a major driver as well. But the carceral crisis caused by Clinton’s crime and welfare bills is a major reason the unhoused population of the United States has not only grown in recent decades but has become Blacker. According to the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, by 2013, about two-thirds of the unhoused in America were Black, though Black people accounted for only about 12 percent of the population.

Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World
by Henry Grabar
Published 8 May 2023

Parking built into houses and apartments is a greater predictor of car use than density, transit, or any other neighborhood attribute. In 2009, the parking scholar Rachel Weinberger compared parking and commuting patterns in the New York City neighborhoods of Park Slope and Jackson Heights. Park Slope was an early locus of gentrification in Brooklyn, home to a famous food co-op, a nation-leading density of strollers, and leader of the Senate Democrats Chuck Schumer. Jackson Heights is a central area of Queens known as the “most diverse census tract on earth” for its various immigrant populations. Though Jackson Heights residents make less money, own fewer cars, and have similar public transit access to their counterparts in Park Slope, they were 45 percent more likely to commute by car to transit-accessible destinations in Manhattan.

The Terraformers
by Annalee Newitz

But I grew up in Spider City, where people build houses if they need them.” Moose yowled a bitter laugh. That’s where my grandparents were born. It’s great if you’re a citizen of Spider. But I don’t have that privilege. I’m lucky not to be slaved to Verdance—at least for now. Scrubjay assigned two more processes to this conversation: they wanted to get some data on gentrification in La Ronge and correlate it with the informal settlement at Estuary Station. Meanwhile, they continued to chat. “Can’t you find somewhere less expensive to live?” Maybe in one of the Emerald cities offworld. But I don’t want to live in a place where I have to wear branded shirts or agree to buy two game streams per week.

Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960-2010
by Charles Murray
Published 1 Jan 2012

I had never seen her become emotional about any such situation in the neighborhood before; she is far from shy about relating bad news and tales of delinquency and degeneration among white residents they all knew. This was personal, though. Everyone at the table fell silent.33 Epilogue Fishtown has changed a lot since Patricia Smallacombe finished her fieldwork at the end of the 1990s. In the 2000s, gentrification came to Fishtown. It was an irresistible process. Fishtown had cheap housing compared to more fashionable neighborhoods, it was close to downtown Philadelphia, and it was reasonably safe. Juvenile crime and druggies might have become a problem by Fishtown’s traditional standards, but you still didn’t need to worry that you would be mugged walking home or that the convenience store would be robbed at gunpoint while you picked up a quart of milk late at night.

The Big Book of Words You Should Know: Over 3,000 Words Every Person Should Be Able to Use (And a Few That You Probably Shouldn't)
by David Olsen , Michelle Bevilacqua and Justin Cord Hayes
Published 28 Jan 2009

Genteel is often meant to imply a sense of social superiority, as well. Tom’s vulgar remarks were not appreciated by his GENTEEL dining companions. gentrify (JENN-truh-fie), verb To take something rundown, such as a neighborhood, and improve it. The noun form, with which you may be familiar, is “gentrification.” Attempts to GENTRIFY the historic neighborhood failed because of community apathy. germane (jur-MAYN), adjective Pertinent; relevant; related to the matter at hand. The defendant’s exemplary qualities as a breadwinner are hardly GERMANE to the question of whether he shot his cousin, Your Honor.

Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Story of Anonymous
by Gabriella Coleman
Published 4 Nov 2014

Entering the diner, Sabu greeted with a handshake a man who I presumed to be the owner or the manager. Easing into a booth, we became one with the ageless Naugahyde seat, its well-worn springs clenching us desperately. That day he broached a dizzyingly number of topics in the course of our conversation: gentrification, the hacker Phiber Optic, Middle East politics, Occupy, his dog (whose name was China, and who had an awful skin condition), the sociology of hacker crews, the Anonymous haters, and dozens of other topics that his mind alighted upon. In the deluge of details, a few stood out. It was the first time he mentioned a mysterious hacker he worked closely with, whom he called “burn.”

The Subterranean Railway: How the London Underground Was Built and How It Changed the City Forever
by Christian Wolmar
Published 30 Sep 2009

In West Kensington, the large houses were, according to the local builders Gibbs & Flew, provided with ‘hot and cold water … while the encaustic tiles, stained glass and marble fenders give them an attractive appearance’. Other areas, such as the squares near Ladbroke Grove station, never managed to attract the kind of people for which they were designed and sank rapidly into multiple occupation, becoming almost as bad as the nearby rookeries in north-west Kensington. It was only with the gentrification process which started nearly a hundred years later, in the 1970s, that these squares started to attract the class for which they had been built. Yet, a few hundred of yards away, at the Holland Park end of Ladbroke Grove, the houses, many perched on the hill, retained their desirability and have always been occupied by the rich.

The Levelling: What’s Next After Globalization
by Michael O’sullivan
Published 28 May 2019

To stretch the comparison with France a little more, one might say that a better comparison with China today is the Second French Empire under Napoleon III (1852 to 1870). It was a period of limited democracy, curbed parliamentary and press freedoms, and active surveillance of France’s more vocal citizens, but also a time of infrastructure building, innovation, and gentrification. Yet toward the end of the Second French Empire, the emperor’s legitimacy was withering, and he fell into a trap that snares many rulers: using war to bolster their standing. His mistake was to cast an eye toward Prussia, which was being shaped into a formidable military power by the combined talents of Otto von Bismarck and Helmuthe von Moltke.

World Cities and Nation States
by Greg Clark and Tim Moonen
Published 19 Dec 2016

Future of Cities. Working Paper. London: Government Office for Science. Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. London: Penguin. Smith, D.A., Solinger, D.J. and Topik, S. (eds) (1999). States and Sovereignty in the Global Economy. London: Routledge, pp. 7–8. Smith, N. (2002). New globalism, new urbanism: Gentrification as global urban strategy. Antipode, 34(3): 434. Taylor, P. (1995). World Cities and territorial states: The rise of and fall of their mutuality. In Knox, P. and Taylor, P. (eds). World Cities in a World‐System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Therborn, G. (2011). End of a paradigm: The current crisis and the idea of stateless cities.

San Fransicko: Why Progressives Ruin Cities
by Michael Shellenberger
Published 11 Oct 2021

Deborah Nicholls-Lee, “How a Dutch Housing Agency Rescued an Amsterdam Street from the Drug Trade,” Bloomberg, November 12, 2018, www.bloomberg.com. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Mark Kleiman, When Brute Force Fails: How to Have Less Crime and Less Punishment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), 45; Andrew Jacobs, “A New Spell for Alphabet City; Gentrification Led to the Unrest at Tompkins Square 10 Years Ago. Did the Protesters Win That Battle but Lose the War?” New York Times, August 9, 1998, www.nytimes.com. 6. Susan Partovi, interview by the author, January 10, 2021. 7. “Black-White Homeownership Gap: A Closer Look Across MSAs,” Urban Institute, June 2019, www.urban.org. 8.

Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago
by Eric Klinenberg
Published 11 Jul 2002

It’s too dangerous out there. Even during the day, that’s when they get you—you know, when you go get your money. It’s scary, but you got to do it. What else are you going to do? The degradation of the hotel environments made the buildings vulnerable to another pressure that SROs faced in the late twentieth century: gentrification and the rising demand for housing in neighborhoods such as Uptown and the South and West Loop, where hotels could be easily converted into expensive property or sold to a developer for a handsome profit. By the 1990s many of the city’s hotel owners, including the most civic minded and socially responsible, had grown exhausted from the challenge of managing and maintaining decent buildings for such an assortment of society’s discarded people.

The Strange Death of Europe: Immigration, Identity, Islam
by Douglas Murray
Published 3 May 2017

All three perpetrators were once again ‘locals’. Their victims included thirty-two people of a wide range of ages and nationalities. Across the continent the traditional search for explanations began. Some blamed the attacks – carried out by Belgian nationals from the Molenbeek district – on town planning, others on a lack of ‘gentrification’ in the area. Still others blamed Belgian foreign policy, Belgian history including Belgian colonialism, or the ‘racism’ of Belgian society. After the first round of this public debate The New York Times carried an unremarkable article, pointing the finger for the attacks at various Belgian policy failures.

The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them
by Joseph E. Stiglitz
Published 15 Mar 2015

But it more rapidly shifted its economy from one dependent on steel and coal to one that emphasizes education, health care, and legal and financial services. Manchester, the center of Britain’s textile industry for more than a century, has been transformed into a center of education, culture, and music. America does have an urban renewal program, but it is aimed more at restoring buildings and gentrification than at maintaining and restoring communities, and even at that, it is languishing. American workers were sold “free” trade policies on the promise that the winners could compensate the losers. The losers are still waiting. Of course, the Great Recession and the policies that created it have made this, like so many other things, much worse.

The Job: The Future of Work in the Modern Era
by Ellen Ruppel Shell
Published 22 Oct 2018

In New York, as in many cities, old warehouses and factories are often regarded as eyesores to be gutted and repurposed; after all, office, retail space, and housing stock generally command several times the rent of industrial facilities. Landlords sometimes keep factories and warehouses empty for years, awaiting approval to convert them into more lucrative real estate. The Navy Yard didn’t exactly buck this gentrification trend—recent years have brought a smattering of fancy cafés and luxury condos. But the vast bulk of its four million square feet is reserved for industry. Jonathan Bowles, executive director of the city’s Center for an Urban Future, said that New York is awash in entrepreneurs, scores of thousands of whom incorporate new start-ups every year.

Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences
by Edward Tenner
Published 1 Sep 1997

(At Santa Monica, a million cubic yards move southward annually.) Inland dams creating new recreational shorelines also have the revenge effect of starving coastal shorelines. Nature takes its most perverse revenge when we try to preserve the shore itself. The nineteenth- and twentieth-century gentrification of the coast turned beachfront property into some of the nation's highest-priced land. Its owners and residents are accordingly some of the highest-priced and most politically influential professionals and corporate managers. Calls for federal, state, and local action have been hard to resist, even in the budget crises of the 199os.

Your Face Belongs to Us: A Secretive Startup's Quest to End Privacy as We Know It
by Kashmir Hill
Published 19 Sep 2023

In 1988, the city started enforcing a curfew on the previously twenty-four-hour park, and when people protested, hundreds of NYPD officers were called in, resulting in an all-night brawl that left dozens injured. The police presence increased, with a push to remove the park’s homeless camps, and in 1991 it closed for a year for renovations. That, combined with gentrification in the area, transformed it into the place Schwartz had envisioned, where residents sunbathed, families brought their kids to play, and a young lost soul in a MAGA hat could serenade his friends. Ton-That asked him why he didn’t move to San Francisco—the liberal-leaning tech mecca had rampant homelessness—and fix that place up.

The Long History of the Future: Why Tomorrow's Technology Still Isn't Here
by Nicole Kobie
Published 3 Jul 2024

It sounds clever, but cities are more complex than such models allow for and in the end he treated all cities the same when they are very much different places. If you wanted to solve unemployment, for instance, his models didn’t suggest training or government support, but clearing out slums in place of more expensive housing – in other words, notes one researcher, gentrification. Trying to systemise cities in order to collect relevant data that can be analysed to power automation is a flawed way of thinking: there’s plenty about a city that can’t be collected in the numerical format necessary for a computer to analyse. Not everything can be automated – we’ve had traffic lights directing cars for more than a century, but lollipop persons still help children cross safely outside schools.

Germany
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 17 Oct 2010

Poorly performing schools, violent racial attacks by right-wing groups and a spate of ‘honour killings’ of young Muslim women for wishing to live a Western lifestyle have all captured the headlines in recent years. Two decades after the rejoining of the city halves, Berlin is reaching a watershed moment. Districts such as Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg, once pioneers of progressiveness, are now firmly in the grip of gentrification and boho-bourgeois pram-pushers. Global developers are building up the banks of the Spree River, investors from Denmark to Ireland to America are snapping up bargain-priced apartments, and international chains are ­replacing homespun businesses. All this begs the question: Can Berlin remain the homeland of social freedom and experimentation while increasingly becoming a more corporate-driven, ‘normal’ metropolis?

…

* * * KREUZKÖLLN: THE NEW FRONTIER OF HIPNESS Once boxed in on three sides by the Berlin Wall, Kreuzberg used to be the western city’s countercultural catch basin for students, punks, draft dodgers and squatters. No more. The fall of the Wall catapulted it from the city’s edge to its centre, eventually entailing rising rents and tendrils of gentrification. As a result, students, artists, creative types and others longing for cheap flats and the improvisational spirit of the past decades have of late been pushing the frontier further south, into the northern reaches of the bad-rap ‘ghetto’ of Neukölln. Christened ‘Kreuzkölln’, the area along Reuterstrasse, Hobrechtstrasse and Weserstrasse is the ever-burgeoning home of a funky anti-scene.

…

Exercise rings and ropes remain hanging from one of the thick white beams under the vaulted A-line roof, but designer lampshades and huge, potted trees have been added to the mix. Great cocktails, too. Cox (Map; 249 422; Lange Reihe 68; mains lunch €9.50-18.50, dinner €16.50-23; lunch Mon-Fri, dinner daily) Behind its opaque glass doors, this upmarket bistro was part of the original vanguard of St Georg’s gentrification. Its frequently changing menu of dishes, like swordfish with passionfruit and chilli vinaigrette, and semolina almond strudel with rhubarb, continue to lure a discerning clientele. * * * HISTORY OF THE HAMBURGER A classic Calvin and Hobbes comic strip once asked if hamburgers were made out of people from Hamburg.

State of Emergency: The Way We Were
by Dominic Sandbrook
Published 29 Sep 2010

The local landlords duly took note, ‘shaking their heads gloomily at the absences of bathrooms and the damp patches and the jags of falling plaster’ and suggesting that their tenants might be better off in a new council flat somewhere else – so that they could sell the property and cash in on the great gentrification game.14 Needless to say, this was not quite what Heath had envisaged when he set the economy on its dash for growth. The point of Barber’s Budget had been to ‘provide the climate in which industry can have the confidence to re-equip and expand’, not to give 25-year-old couples the chance to become property tycoons.

…

The turnover was astonishing: two-thirds of the people living in Islington in 1961 had moved out by 1971, and more followed in the next ten years. Formerly respectable working-class districts were increasingly dominated by immigrants, tower blocks and unskilled poor workers, as well as a smattering of young middle-class bohemians in the vanguard of the gentrification craze. And in areas like Islington, the contours of the city’s future were already being sketched in draft: on the one hand, the affluent young, well-educated and well-paid, with an insatiable appetite for commerce and entertainment; on the other, the people of the towers, often shut out from jobs and opportunities, and condemned to lives of crime and dependency.50 As early as the mid-1970s, therefore, there was already a sense of two Londons emerging, side-by-side: the city of the gentrifiers, and the city of the council estates.

Frommer's Israel
by Robert Ullian
Published 31 Mar 1998

No inhabitant of Mea Shearim will voluntarily pose for snapshots, and there have been incidents in which improperly dressed visitors have been spat upon or stoned. GERMAN COLONY & BAKA About 1.6km (1 mile) south of downtown West Jerusalem, these two picturesque neighborhoods, filled with overgrown gardens, are 10_289693-ch06.qxp 206 10/28/08 9:37 AM Page 206 CHAPTER 6 . EXPLORING JERUSALEM undergoing a process of gentrification. For many years, the old cottages and mansions (built at the start of the 20th c. by German Protestants and affluent Arabic families) housed Israelis from exotic places such as Kurdistan and Morocco, but more recently, members of Jerusalem’s American, British, and Latin American immigrant communities have been moving in.

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Very good value. 1 Ha-Meginim St. & 04/866-3723. Main courses NIS 40–NIS 100 ($10–$25/£5–£13). MC, V. Sat–Thurs 9am–midnight; Fri 7am–4pm. Carmelit: Paris Sq. GERMAN COLONY This neighborhood, filled with stone cottages and mansions built by German Christians in the late 19th century, has great potential for charm and gentrification. The Haifa municipality is helping things along with the construction of a pedestrian promenade on the neighborhood’s main street, Ben-Gurion Boulevard, which is perfectly aligned with the dramatic Baha’i Shrine farther up the slopes of Mount Carmel. At twilight, the view of the illuminated Baha’i gardens and shrine is very dramatic.

The Fry Chronicles: An Autobiography
by Stephen Fry
Published 27 Sep 2010

If you tell a schoolchild that they are currently experiencing what they will look back on as the best years of their lives, they will tell you, if they favour you with anything more than a black look, that is, that you are talking crap. London was extraordinarily exciting to me. The CDs, cappuccinos and croissants were the acme of sophistication and symbolic of the great social and political sea change that was coming. The process of gentrification that was already beginning to remodel the seedier parts of Islington and Fulham was being contemptuously described as ‘croissantification’ by those alarmed at the incoming tide. The Falklands Conflict had transformed Margaret Thatcher from the least popular prime minister in fifty years to the most popular since Churchill.

The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor
by William Easterly
Published 4 Mar 2014

The artists and galleries helped others perceive the Greene Street block as something more than a block where a 1946 city planner thought “None of the present buildings in the block are really worth preserving,” where the only option was “complete demolition and complete replacement.” The art galleries first attracted wealthy shoppers and tourists, who in turn attracted high-end retail shops, which also attracted affluent residents. As always with creative destruction, the gentrification of the neighborhood represented a loss for some people and some tastes and a gain for others. In June 1997, Joseph Catuccio and the Project of Living Artists moved from 133 Greene Street to Brooklyn. The art boom on Greene Street was nearing the end, and the luxury retail era was beginning. Today, 133 Greene has a Christian Dior menswear store on the ground floor.

Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia
by Anthony M. Townsend
Published 29 Sep 2013

Smart technology will also encourage people to engage in local planning debates by highlighting big-picture issues. Neighborhood dashboards that provide ambient information on public displays placed in local shops could visualize larger patterns of change and how they relate to upcoming decisions, much as the Boston transit and Chicago economy examples do. Is there a pattern of gentrification on this block visible in recent building permits? How will a proposed project impact traffic, and what does that mean for pedestrian safety on this corner? Or you might receive a pop-up message as you walk past a proposed redevelopment site, prompting you to weigh in on the latest plans. Public planning organizations must change profoundly to effectively marry the real-time with the long-term and close the gap on participatory planning.

A Line in the Tar Sands: Struggles for Environmental Justice
by Tony Weis and Joshua Kahn Russell
Published 14 Oct 2014

The impacts of tar sands refining emissions on our communities are dwarfed only by the overall effects of tar sands to our planet. As the ferocity of hurricanes increases, so does the vulnerability of Gulf Coast families. Coastal erosion, skyrocketing insurance premiums, and a loss of cultural identities caused by gentrification and rising water-induced relocation are examples of how the effects of climate change are already ravaging our communities. Added to this, and a source of great concern, is the extreme danger of transporting fossil fuels. Recent rail disasters, such as those in Lac-Mégantic, Quebec, and in Aliceville, Alabama, as well as bitumen leaks in the Kalamazoo River in Michigan and Mayflower, Arkansas, demonstrate that any transport method has a potential for environmental destruction, serious health impacts, and loss of life.

Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City
by Matthew Desmond
Published 1 Mar 2016

The answer, I would later come to realize, was in the way we had been studying housing. By and large, poverty researchers had focused narrowly on public housing or other housing policies; either that, or they had overlooked housing because they were more interested in the character of urban neighborhoods—their levels of residential segregation or resistance to gentrification, for example.9 And yet here was the private rental market, where the vast majority of poor people lived, playing such an imposing and vital role in the lives of the families I knew in Milwaukee, consuming most of their income; aggravating their poverty and deprivation; resulting in their eviction, insecurity, and homelessness; dictating where they lived and whom they lived with; and powerfully influencing the character and stability of their neighborhoods.

A Paradise Built in Hell: Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster
by Rebecca Solnit
Published 31 Aug 2010

With that they became the damnificados, the damaged people, and they numbered in the hundreds of thousands. Most camped outside their former homes, concerned that if they left the area they would lose their right to return—and the PRI proposed moving many displaced people far away, as they had feared. The earthquake could have become a pretext for a large-scale displacement of the poor and for gentrification. Many poor Mexicans had long benefited from rent-control measures that reduced their monthly payments to figures so low that some landlords didn’t bother to collect and had little incentive to make repairs. By October 24, the citywide housing-rights movement had a name, the Unified Coordinating Committee of Earthquake Refugees (Coordinadora Única de Damnificados).

Whole Earth: The Many Lives of Stewart Brand
by John Markoff
Published 22 Mar 2022

In the end, they were able to radically change the city’s orientation toward the waterfront, and in doing so a group of dedicated waterfront residents, including Brand, built a vibrant community movement. A member of the activist group eventually became mayor of Sausalito and later a Marin County supervisor. In the long run, however, it was not an unqualified victory. The developers persisted and gentrification won; as is often the case, the outlaws and the libertines ultimately gave way to upper-middle-class hipsters. * * * Shortly after she became involved with Brand, Patty Phelan left her job at the Quarterly to work at Planetree, a patient-centered medicine nonprofit that had been founded by Angie Thieriot, the wife of San Francisco Chronicle publisher Richard Thieriot.

Work: A History of How We Spend Our Time
by James Suzman
Published 2 Sep 2020

Many neighbourhoods in modern London, for instance, retain close historical associations with specific trades. While some of these trades have since disappeared and many old neighbourhoods have lost their distinctive associations with specific trades courtesy of the arrival of shopping malls, online retail, superstores and gentrification, some still remain. London’s Harley Street, Hatton Garden, Savile Row, Soho and the Square Mile all retain close associations with trades that have been going on for centuries. Others, like Camden for offbeat urban fashion or Tottenham Court Road for electronics, are associated with relatively new ones.

Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest
by Zeynep Tufekci
Published 14 May 2017

As a voice started booming through the speakers, I watched along with a crowd that grew silent. I saw on the screen one of the most visible persons in the movement, a member of Turkey’s Chamber of Architects and Engineers, an organization that had taken a prominent early role in opposing the government’s plans for Gezi Park, as well as gentrification projects generally. He outlined the offer—to make the status of the park subject to a national plebiscite. What began as a local issue had become symbolically important nationally, and the government’s offer appeared to concede this. In the park, people voiced mistrust of the government, and many were unsure how to react.

Backstage Passes & Backstabbing Bastards: Memoirs of a Rock 'N' Roll Survivor
by Al Kooper
Published 21 Apr 1998

Little did I know how much that trip would change my life. 1972-1974: ATLANTA, SOUNDS OF THE SOUTH RECORDS, LYNYRD SKYNYRD, A MOVE TO L.A., DUSTIN HOFFMAN, A MILLION DOLLARS, AND SPEED IN MY SODA My band and I arrived in Atlanta for a few nights’ engagement at a club in the Underground. I had not appeared there since the Pop Festival of 1969, three years previously. Things had changed. It was looser than I remembered it. It wasn’t so ... Southern. There was a sociological gentrification in attitude that had taken place that was tangible to me. The rednecks had long hair now. They were no longer the enemy. People got along better. I liked this. The women were beautiful and willing. We had a wild time that week. My penchant for womanizing during this time-frame was akin to sexual addiction.

Who Owns England?: How We Lost Our Green and Pleasant Land, and How to Take It Back
by Guy Shrubsole
Published 1 May 2019

Some of the information appears trivial at first glance – a company owns a factory here, an office there: so what? But as more people pore over the data, more stories will likely emerge. Future researchers might find intriguing correlations between the locations of England’s thousands of fast food stores and the health of nearby populations; be able to track gentrification through the displacement of KFC outlets by Nando’s restaurants; or spot interesting patterns in the locations of outdoor advertising hoardings owned by companies like JCDecaux and ClearChannel – all of whom have many entries in the Land Registry’s corporate dataset. But to really get under the skin of how companies treat the land they own, and the wider societal repercussions, we need to zoom in on two areas in particular.

Liberty's Dawn: A People's History of the Industrial Revolution
by Emma Griffin
Published 10 Jun 2013

In Hard Times, Dickens depicted a workforce that was not only desperately poor, but also degraded and dehumanised by the advent of machines.33 Disraeli’s Sybil drew attention to the gulf between rich and poor – the ‘two nations’ that formed the subtitle of his novel.34 Popular writers such as William Cobbett chimed in, regretting the disappearance of merry England and the gentrification of farmers as their ‘labourers became slaves’.35 And as the discussion moved back into the more measured realm of political economy the same bleak assessment prevailed. John Stuart Mill concluded that society’s mechanical inventions had done no more than ‘enable a greater proportion to live the same life of drudgery and imprisonment’.36 By the middle of the nineteenth century, a broad and unlikely alliance of poets, novelists, philosophers and political economists, conservatives and Radicals united in lamenting the failure of recent economic change to improve the lot of the labouring poor.

Nothing Personal: My Secret Life in the Dating App Inferno
by Nancy Jo Sales
Published 17 May 2021

I told her about how, at my first middle school dance, my tampon came wriggling down out of my jeans as I boogied around the dance floor to “Get Down Tonight,” and I had to dance-kick it out of the room so no one would see it. “That is the most heroic story you’ve ever told me,” she said, and we laughed. Miami looked much the same, except cleaner and fancier, like everywhere that had attracted wealth over the last fortysomething years. Gentrification had set in, and it didn’t quite seem like the same sleepy town I’d grown up in. But there was the same sweet-smelling vegetation, the giant ficus and palm trees, tall ones and squat ones and ones that leaned to the side. There was the one my mother and stepfather had planted in the front yard of our little tile-roofed house—it had grown to be two stories high.

Imagine a City: A Pilot's Journey Across the Urban World
by Mark Vanhoenacker
Published 14 Aug 2022

Bo-Kaap, the inner Cape Town neighborhood spread out below me, is the historic heart of the Cape Malay ethnic group—descendants of those, especially Muslims, who were brought to Cape Town (often as enslaved persons or prisoners from the Dutch-ruled territories that are now part of Malaysia and Indonesia) and who formed the nucleus of a community that under the apartheid regime would be classified as Coloured. Even today, as waves of gentrification sweep over Bo-Kaap, Malay-derived words may still be heard on its cobblestone streets. I had always thought that the Bo in the name of this undeniably striking location was a corruption of beau, and therefore, perhaps, a legacy of France’s brief military presence in Cape Town in the early 1780s; whereas in fact bo is Afrikaans for “above.”

Lonely Planet Barcelona
by Isabella Noble and Regis St Louis
Published 15 Nov 2022

In addition to two cinemas totalling 535 seats, the Filmoteca comprises a film library, a bookshop, La Monroe cafe-bar, offices and a dedicated space for exhibitions. 23 RobadorsLIVE MUSIC map Google map (www.23robadors.wordpress.com; Carrer d’en Robador 23; entry €5; h8pm-3am; mLiceu) On what remains a sleazy Raval street in spite of gentrification in the area, this narrow little bar has made a name for itself with its shows and live music. Jazz is the name of the game, but you’ll also hear live poetry, flamenco and plenty more. JazzSí ClubLIVE MUSIC map Google map (%93 329 00 20; http://tallerdemusics.com; Carrer de Requesens 2; entry incl drink €6-12; h8.30-11pm Mon & Thu, 7.45-11pm Tue & Wed, 8.45-11pm Fri & Sat, 6.30-10pm Sun; mSant Antoni) A cramped little bar run by the Taller de Músics (Musicians’ Workshop) school and foundation, staging a varied programme that ranges from jazz jams to some good flamenco (Friday and Saturday).

Vulture Capitalism: Corporate Crimes, Backdoor Bailouts, and the Death of Freedom
by Grace Blakeley
Published 11 Mar 2024

They have also worked with their allies in local government to develop a cooperative incubator and to provide financing support for local co-ops. Cooperation Jackson has also created a community land trust, through which they have purchased large tracts of land with a plan to build sustainable, affordable housing and prevent gentrification. They’ve developed a “fab lab” to train workers in new high-tech skills, developed a People’s Grocery Initiative and community kitchens, and established a new cultural arts cooperative.109 They’ve also worked with government to re-municipalize public utilities, create a “human rights charter” to future policy, and roll out a participatory budgeting platform.110 The group even sprang into action during the pandemic, distributing PPE equipment and setting up an eviction support hotline.

In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters With Addiction
by Gabor Mate and Peter A. Levine
Published 5 Jan 2010

One block away stood the abandoned Woodward’s department store, its giant, lighted “W” sign on the roof a long-time Vancouver landmark. For a while squatters and antipoverty activists occupied the building, but it has recently been demolished; the site is to be converted into a mix of chic apartments and social housing. The Winter Olympics are coming to Vancouver in 2010 and with it the likelihood of gentrification in this neighbourhood. The process has already begun. There’s a fear that the politicians, eager to impress the world, will try to displace the addict population. Eva intertwines her arms, stretches them behind her back and leans forward to examine her shadow on the sidewalk. Matthew chuckles at her crackhead yoga routine.

Rome
by Lonely Planet

Heading downhill, Monti was the ancient city’s notorious Suburra slum – a red-light district and the childhood home of Julius Caesar – but is now a charming neighbourhood of inviting eateries, shops and enoteche (wine bars). You could say Monti is Rome’s Greenwich Village, and, as if to put the seal on its accelerating gentrification, Woody Allen filmed parts of The Bop Decameron here in 2011. San Lorenzo is a lively student quarter east of Termini, home to a beautiful, little-visited patriarchal basilica. It was the area most damaged by Allied bombing during WWII, ironically given the area’s vehemently anti-Fascist politics.

Barcelona
by Damien Simonis
Published 9 Dec 2010

The old town is fronted by Port Vell and La Barceloneta. The ‘Old Port’ is a combination of pleasure-boat marina and leisure zone with restaurants, cinemas and bars. A brief, sunny stroll takes you into the narrow lanes of the one-time working-class zone of La Barceloneta, a cauldron of seafood eateries with clear signs of gentrification. Beyond its narrow streets, the Mediterranean laps the city’s crowded central beaches. Where La Barceloneta ends, a new chapter in Barcelona’s urban history begins. Port Olímpic, El Poblenou and El Fòrum reflect contemporary Barcelona’s drive to renew itself. The port was built for the 1992 Olympics, as were the apartments stretching behind it in the southwest edge of the city’s former factory district, El Poblenou.

Sixty Days and Counting
by Kim Stanley Robinson
Published 27 Feb 2007

Or whether trained labor will be the real shortage.” “I guess we’ll find out.” “That’s a good thought.” And young Henry grinned. Evening in the park, and Frank buzzed Spencer and joined him and Robin and Robert at a new fregan house. East, into a neighborhood he had never been in before, a kind of border between gentrification and urban decay, in which burned or boarded-up buildings stood mutely between renovated towers guarded by private security people. An awkward mix it seemed, and yet once inside the boarded-up shell of a brownstone, it proved to be as sheltered from the public life of the city as any other place.

Second World: Empires and Influence in the New Global Order
by Parag Khanna
Published 4 Mar 2008

The social mobility that “equal opportunity” would entail is increasingly a myth, particularly for those already at the bottom: African Americans and Latinos, 50 percent of whom do not complete high school. From Los Angeles to Brooklyn, Latino minorities crowd crumbling districts and live at the mercy of despotic slumlords. Gentrification is a euphemism for urban renewal, which widely amounts to the same slum clearance seen in the second and third worlds. The influx of low-wage migrant labor has expanded the ranks of the poor, both due to their own numbers and because they reduce the wages of unskilled Americans.24 Almost two decades ago Los Angeles was described as the “capital of the third world” due to its segregated immigrant communities seeking simply to stay afloat with little regard for the broader society.25 Samuel Huntington also recently argued that America’s Anglo-Protestant culture and melting pot creed have been undermined by nonintegrating Hispanic minorities, warning that there cannot be an “Americano dream” to substitute for the American Dream without America becoming a schizophrenic nation.26 But it is hard to speak of a deep “community of values” in America when the primary reason Americans don’t support a welfare state to support the poor is that the poor are disproportionately minorities.27 In a country where recidivist violence seems never more than a few steps away, could white nativism reappear more regularly than it already does?

Lila: An Inquiry Into Morals
by Robert M. Pirsig
Published 1 Jan 1991

He’d been too drunk to take care of details like that. He looked around and, despite the cold, a dawn mystery took hold of him. Some other boats had come in since he had, and were rafted ahead and behind him. Possibly one of them was the boat Lila had come on. The harbor looked scuzzy and old in places but showed some signs of gentrification in others. Pseudo-Victorian, it looked like, but not bad. Off in the distance was a crane and other masts. The Hudson River was completely out of sight. It felt good not to be related to this harbor in any way. He didn’t know what was above the banks of the river or behind the harbor buildings or where the roads led to or who the houses belonged to or what people would appear here today or what people they would meet.

Connectography: Mapping the Future of Global Civilization
by Parag Khanna
Published 18 Apr 2016

Urban guerrilla warfare has a new face: In Turkey, the Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party-Front, a Marxist-leaning youth collective that bombed the American embassy in Ankara in 2013 and hurled grenades inside Istanbul’s resplendent Ottoman-era Dolmabahçe Palace, has taken its battle to the streets to combat corporate gentrification schemes that raise land prices while squeezing citizens to the margins. Simply creating more soccer clubs to pacify the masses won’t work anymore. Even though urbanization tends to undermine authoritarian regimes by easing collective action, regimes can resort to heavy-handed policing in the name of maintaining stability in their all-important cities.7 Governing dense, diverse, and unequal populations will differentiate successful global nodes from failing states.

Energy: A Human History
by Richard Rhodes
Published 28 May 2018

It would also, Evelyn added, give employment to “thousands of able Watermen” delivering the products of industry upriver into the city, would free up “Places and Houses” within the city for conversion into “Tenements, and some of them into Noble Houses for use and pleasure” with attractive river views. (Urban renewal and gentrification have ancient antecedents.) Moving industry to the suburbs would help prevent fires as well, Evelyn concluded. He thought accidental fires originated in “places where such great and exorbitant Fires are perpetually kept going.”36 London in the year of Fumifugium’s first publication, 1661, was indeed only five years away from her Great Fire of 1666, which burned out all the city within the old medieval walls.

The Rough Guide to Cape Town, Winelands & Garden Route
by Rough Guides , James Bembridge and Barbara McCrea
Published 4 Jan 2018

Long Street Parallel to Adderley Street, buzzing one-way Long Street is one of Cape Town’s most diverse thoroughfares, and is best known as the city’s main nightlife strip. When Muslims first settled here some three hundred years ago, Long Street marked Cape Town’s boundary; by the 1960s, it had become a sleazy alley of drinking holes and brothels. The libation and raucousness are certainly still here, but with a whiff of gentrification and a wad of fast-food joints, and the street deserves exploration roughly from the Greenmarket Square area upwards. Mosques still coexist alongside bars, while antique dealers, craft shops, bookshops and cafés occupy the attractive Victorian buildings with New Orleans-style wrought-iron balconies.

Good Economics for Hard Times: Better Answers to Our Biggest Problems
by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo
Published 12 Nov 2019

Average rents for one-bedroom apartments have been going up steeply, from $1,900 in 2011 to $2,675 in 2013 and $3,250 in 2014.77 Today, the average rent of an apartment in the Mission District puts it entirely out of reach for someone earning minimum wage.78 The “Mission yuppie eradication project,” a last-ditch effort to drive tech workers away by vandalizing their cars, drew considerable attention to the gentrification of the Mission District, but ultimately was doomed.79 Of course, more houses can be built near booming cities, but it takes time. Moreover, many of the older cities in the United States have zoning regulations designed to make it hard to build up or build densely. Buildings cannot be very different from what exists, property lots have to be a minimum size, and so on.

Your Computer Is on Fire
by Thomas S. Mullaney , Benjamin Peters , Mar Hicks and Kavita Philip
Published 9 Mar 2021

At a hackathon in Philadelphia the following November, the winning app, called Creating Your Community, allowed young people to take photos of derelict buildings and propose new uses for them while also connecting with local developers, designers, and contractors who could make the vision a reality. #YesWeCode’s Kwame Anku described the app as a tool for community self-determination: “We talk about gentrification, but these young people are saying, ‘Hey, we can transform our own community, conceptualize what we want, and then be able to have the local dollars stay in the community and have the community we want.”61 Perhaps the most striking example of the gap between the needs of underserved communities and the users privileged by Silicon Valley came from Qeyno’s 2015 Oakland Hackathon, where the Best Impact winner was an app addressing the life-or-death implications of Black youths’ encounters with police in the wake of nationally publicized shootings.

Bleeding Edge: A Novel
by Thomas Pynchon
Published 16 Sep 2013

They follow the ponderous gas gobbler all the way over to the FDR and proceed uptown, exiting at 96th, continuing north on First Avenue into a fringe neighborhood no longer Upper East Side and not quite East Harlem, where you might once have gone to visit your drug dealer or arrange a compensated evening rendezvous, but which is now showing symptoms of gentrification. The reconfigured heavy pickup pauses near a building newly converted, according to a sign tastefully draped across its upper stories, to condos running a million or so per bedroom, and then takes about an hour to park. “Time was,” mutters the cabbie, “leavin somethin like that on the street up here?

Lonely Planet Belgium & Luxembourg
by Lonely Planet

To follow the Belgian royals check out www.monarchie.be or their official twitter feed at #monarchiebe. For Luxembourg’s Grand Duke it’s www.monarchie.lu. Cultural life saw positive boosts in the 2010s. Mons celebrated 2015 as a European City of Culture, long-neglected Charleroi saw valiant attempts at regeneration, and Antwerp’s gentrification of the once-ragged docklands area continues, pushed on by Zaha Hadid’s ambitious Port Authority Building, museum refurbishments and the new Noorderlijn tramway, which started operation in 2019. In the summer of 2018, Belgium’s highly multiracial football team, nicknamed the Red Devils, brought the country to a recently unparalleled sense of togetherness.

The Rough Guide to Finland
by Rough Guides
Published 31 May 2010

Still, going out need not be a binge affair for everyone, and drinking, especially beer, can be enjoyed in pubs, bars and lounges all across the city, which are where most Helsinki folk go to socialize – you’ll find one on virtually every corner. Traditionally, the neighbourhood of Punavuori, southwest of the train station, has maintained the highest concentration of hip bars – have a wander along Uudenmaankatu or Iso Roobertinkatu to get a sense for what’s on – but with gentrification in full force here, those in the know are these days opting for the cheaper, hole-in-the-wall dives in the working-class Kallio district; you can reach these by taking the metro to Sörnäinen or the #1 or #3B trams to Kallio. Only a few places in the city have a dress code, and you may find these too elitist – or expensive – to be worth bothering with anyway.

1,000 Places to See in the United States and Canada Before You Die, Updated Ed.
by Patricia Schultz
Published 13 May 2007

Storied restaurants are also a big draw, including the family-run Sylvia’s on Lenox Avenue and West 126th. Since 1962, this Harlem institution has served up classic soul food like mouthwatering fried chicken and heavenly corn bread. Meanwhile, over on West 131st Street near the Hudson River, new restaurants like the biker-themed Dinosaur Bar-B-Que testify to Harlem’s increasing gentrification, serving ribs that make the trip worthwhile. South of 125th on the west side, the neighborhood of Morningside Heights encompasses Columbia University and its grand main campus, as well as the incredible Cathedral of St. John the Divine, the world’s largest gothic cathedral, with a nave as long as two football fields.

…

But things change, and after the Immigration Act of 1924 slowed eastern and southern European migration to a trickle, Jewish families began leaving the Lower East Side in search of greater space and more opportunity. Still the neighborhood remained home, a bit of the old country in this new country, even as Latin American and Caribbean immigrants who succeeded the Jews were themselves displaced by gentrification. Today, hip bars, trendy boutiques, and restaurants (including the busy ’inoteca, serving Italian small-plate favorites and a very impressive wine list) occupy storefronts that were once bodegas, and before that kosher delis. The Yiddish theaters that once dotted Second Avenue are gone, and the small synagogues that hang on throughout the area often have difficulty assembling a minyan, the minimum of ten adults required for communal prayer.

…

In 1887, a group of wealthy Kentuckians led by Walter N. Haldeman, owner of the Louisville Courier-Journal, bought up 8,700 beachfront acres, drew up a town plan, built a 600-foot pier, and started selling lots. This was, as time proved, a good plan: What went for $125 in 1900 now hovers around $10 million in a city where gentrification means billionaires are forcing out yester-day’s millionaires. But that doesn’t mean the place puts on airs. Instead, its mostly new-money, baby-boomer citizens seem to exist in a sort of permanent dress-down Friday, relaxing with their investment advisers in a sidewalk café as they banter about the equities market.

The Rough Guide to England
by Rough Guides
Published 29 Mar 2018

Happiness Forgets 8–9 Hoxton Square, N1 6NU 020 7613 0325, happinessforgets.com; Old Street; map. Candlelit, bare-brick bar with a Hoxton-via-New York vibe, serving fashionably obscure, serious cock­tails to a cool crowd. Has an excellent sister bar in Stoke Newington (originalsin.bar). Daily 5–11pm. Sager + Wilde 193 Hackney Rd, E2 8JL 020 8127 7330, sagerandwilde.com; Hoxton; map. Gentrification doesn’t get much starker. What was formerly an England flag-draped, locals-only boozer is now this sleek wine bar that makes a lovely stop post-Columbia Road flower market. Across the road, The Marksman has won plaudits for its food. Mon–Wed 5pm–midnight, Thurs & Fri 5pm–1am, Sat noon–1am, Sun noon–midnight.

…

Mon–Sat noon–11pm, Sun noon–10pm. NORTH LONDON The Constitution 42 St Pancras Way, NW1 0QT 020 7380 0767, conincamden.com; Camden Town; map. Light seems to pour into this canal-side pub, while the beer garden overlooking the water is ideal for fine weather. Its lovely location makes it ripe for gentrifi­cation but, for now, it’s very much a locals’ haunt. Mon–Sat 11am–midnight, Sun noon–10pm. Edinboro Castle 57 Mornington Terrace, NW1 7RU 020 7255 9651, edinborocastlepub.co.uk; Camden Town; map. The main draw at this big, high-ceilinged pub is the leafy beer garden, which hosts summer-weekend barbecues and hog roasts.

The the Rough Guide to Turkey
by Rough Guides
Published 15 Oct 2023

The Kariye Museum, a former Byzantine church containing some of the best-preserved mosaics and frescoes in the world, just in from Edirnekapı and around 750m north of the Golden Horn, is easily accessed from the Ulubatlı M1 metro stop or the Pazartekke T1 tram stop, the Mihrimah Camii likewise – or take bus Nos 28, 38E or 336E from Eminönü to Edirnekapı. Yedikule and around The run-down but attractive old quarter of Yedikule (Seven Towers), around 5km from the west of Sultanahmet, is ripe for gentrification. Its most impressive sight is the Yedikule Museum (Yedikule Müzesi; Tues–Sun 9am–6pm; Charge), a massive fortification astride the line of the walls, situated southwest of İmrahor Camii on Yedikule Meydanı Sokak, Yedikule Caddesi. The Golden Gate The so-called Golden Gate, constructed by Theodosius I in 390, is actually made of stone, and was used by important visitors of state, as well as conquering emperors, to enter the city.

…

Tepebaşı, a mixed commercial/tourist district just west of İstiklal Caddesi’s southern end, gives easy access to İstiklal but has charms of its own, from trendy rooftop bars and restaurants to the impressive Pera Museum. Galata and waterfront Karaköy have an ever-increasing number of hip places to stay. Galata and karaköy Bada Bing Hostel Serçe Sok 6, Karaköy; http://bada-bing-hostel.best-istanbul-hotels.com. In the heart of an old dockland area of the city undergoing major gentrification, there’s no shortage of trendy cafés, clubs and art galleries on the doorstep of this welcome addition to the Istanbul hostel scene. A/c dorm rooms range from four- to ten-bed, with an eight-bed female-only option. There are stylishly decorated private rooms as well, plus a massive lounge area and rooftop terrace complete with bean-bags for lounging and cool beers for sipping.

Frommer's San Diego 2011
by Mark Hiss
Published 2 Jan 2007

It’s uncertain whether “La Jolla” (pronounced La-hoy-ya) is misspelled Spanish for “the jewel” or a native people’s word for “cave,” but once you see it, you’ll no doubt go with the first definition. 55 07_626214-ch04.indd 5507_626214-ch04.indd 55 7/23/10 11:16 PM7/23/10 11:16 PM OFF THE BEATEN PATH: north SUGGESTED SAN DIEGO ITINERARIES The Best of San Diego in 1 Day 4 To the northeast of Balboa Park is North Park, one of San Diego’s original suburbs. Established in 1911, this mixed-use residential and commercial district was scraped out of a lemon grove, and thrived until the 1970s and 1980s. The neighborhood then went into decline, but recent gentrification has brought it roaring back to life. North Park was also the site of the worst aviation disaster in California history. On September 25, 1978, PSA Flight 182 collided in mid-air with a small plane over the community, killing 144 people, including 7 on the ground, and destroying or damaging 22 homes.

The Companion Guide to London
by David Piper and Fionnuala Jervis
Published 2 Jan 1970

The village street of the area is Queensway, with its shopping mall (the former department store, Whiteley’s), the only skating rink near to central London, and some good restaurants close by. The area gives on the west to Notting Hill and on the north to Paddington. Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood. In what was once one of the most notorious of London East End slum areas, still very depressed in some parts but in others experiencing rapid gentrification. The Museum is an extension of the Victoria and Albert, and housed in an agreeable and interesting building of 1875 (incorporating the iron roofs used for the original South Kensington Museum). The displays include children’s toys of many nations, and a superb collection of fifty doll’s houses. 373 27-chap27rev2.fm Page 374 Tuesday, August 22, 2000 9:12 AM Companion Guide to London Cemeteries.

The Rough Guide to Barcelona 8
by Jules Brown and Rough Guides
Published 2 Feb 2009

It used to be a red-light district of some renown, littered with brothels and bars, and frequented by the young Picasso, whose family moved into the area in 1895. It still looks the part – a narrow thoroughfare lined with dark overhanging buildings – but the funky cafés, streetwear shops and boutiques tell the story of its recent gentrification. The locals aren’t overly enamoured of the influx of bar-crawling fun-seekers – banners and notices along the length of this and neighbouring streets plead with visitors to keep the noise down. Carrer d’Avinyo ends at the junction with Carrer Ample, the latter an aristocratic address in the eighteenth century.

Frommer's Paris 2013
by Kate van Der Boogert
Published 24 Sep 2012

To feed those minds, the 5th arrondissement boasts some of the city’s best specialty bookshops. This neighborhood dates from the time when the Romans ruled—Paris was conquered by the Romans in 52 b.c.—and the area still conserves Roman ruins, which you can explore at the Cluny Museum. Nearby, the 13th arrondissement is a former industrial zone in the process of gentrification; it’s home to the capital’s newest national library. Best For: Travelers interested in tracing the city’s rich history and families grateful for some quiet close to the Luxembourg gardens. Drawbacks: The vibe might be too bookish for some. Expensive Grand Hôtel Saint-Michel ★ Built in the 19th century, this hotel is larger and more businesslike than many town house–style inns nearby.

Fodor's Venice and Northern Italy
by Fodor's
Published 22 Mar 2011

–Fri. 9:30–5, weekends 9:30–6:30 | Station: Conciliazione; Tram 16 , Bus 50, 58, 94. Navigli District. In medieval times, a network of navigli, or canals, crisscrossed the city. Almost all have been covered over, but two—Naviglio Grande and Naviglio Pavese—are still navigable. Once a down-at-the-heels neighborhood, the Navigli district has undergone some gentrification over the last 20 years. Humble workshops have been replaced by boutiques, art galleries, cafés, bars, and restaurants. The Navigli at night is about as close as you will get to more-southern-style Italian street life in Milan. On weekend nights, it is difficult to walk (and impossible to park, although an underground parking area has been under construction for years) among the youthful crowds thronging the narrow streets along the canals.

The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America
by George Packer
Published 4 Mar 2014

Miss Sybil, just retired from hauling cement at the Ohio Lamp factory, went to Washington and met with Shaun Donovan, Obama’s secretary of housing and urban development. She told him that some of the stimulus dollars to distressed cities should go for demolitions. She brought out MVOC’s map and explained that the problem in Youngstown wasn’t gentrification, like New York or Chicago—Youngstown didn’t need low-income housing to be built, it needed vacant houses to be torn down. After three meetings the secretary got it, and he also remembered her name. Miss Hattie became a local celebrity. Tammy had her speaking all over town, about health care, vacant houses, what the banks were doing to the neighborhood, until people would walk up to her at the store and say, “You don’t know me but I know you, I seen you on TV.

The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug
by Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer
Published 5 Dec 2000

We proceeded to the first House in the first Reach, & threw ourselves upon the Hospitality of the Gentleman, who after some Demur with Wordsworth did offer us a Bed & his Wife, a sweet and matronly Woman, made Tea for us most hospitably. Best possible Butter, white Cheese, Tea, & Barley Bannocks. 56. Walsh, Tea, p. 234. 57. Coburn, Coleridge, 1490, 7.40. 58. The gentrification of the once socially catholic coffeehouse is evident in an account by an Italian traveler, written in the same year (1724), of the pastimes available to the café society. Ibid., p. 74. 59. Derek Jarrett, England in the Age of Hogarth, p. 202. 60. Quoted in Ukers, All about Coffee, p. 74. 61.

The Rough Guide to Jerusalem
by Daniel Jacobs
Published 10 Jan 2000

An American oleh (Jewish immigrant to Israel) presents a series of vivid and sympathetic portraits of her neighbours in the Musrara district, giving a highly evocative portrayal of how it has changed over the years from a mixed JewishArab district before 1948, to a dumping ground for poor Moroccan immigrants when it was a dead end on the Jordanian border, to a trendy area undergoing gentrification today. collection of black and white photographs of Jerusalem from the 1920s to the 1950s taken by an Armenian refugee whose son now sells prints from his collection at Elia Photos in the Christian Quarter (see p.227). Architecture and building Michael Burgoyne Mamluk Jerusalem: an Architectural Study.

There Is Nothing for You Here: Finding Opportunity in the Twenty-First Century
by Fiona Hill
Published 4 Oct 2021

Impecunious graduate students lived in subrentals in precariously leaning wooden triple-deckers in “Slummerville,” as some students snidely dubbed Somerville, the factory town just north of Cambridge. Their landlords were the former workers in Somerville’s once-famous brickworks, Ford Motor assembly, and meatpacking plants. They bought the triple-deckers for their growing families in the boom times. They were forced to rent out rooms or entire floors in the bust when everything closed. Gentrification and economic revival were still some way off in this period. Harvard’s neighbor and sometime rival, MIT, was busy absorbing East Cambridge’s old industrial zone. The university was in the process of converting shuttered factory buildings into science laboratories and student housing. Harvard and MIT were major local employers, although of course for administrative and custodial staff positions.

Lonely Planet Wales (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet
Published 17 Apr 2017

Still, there's a lot of charm in its untouristy air and a tangible sense of history in the streets around the castle, especially Palace St, Castle Sq and Hole in the Wall St. Within the cobbled lanes of the old walled town are some fine Georgian buildings, and the waterfront is marching inevitably towards gentrification. History Caernarfon Castle was built by Edward I as the last link in his 'iron ring' and it's now part of the 'Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd' Unesco World Heritage Site. In an attempt by the then prime minister, David Lloyd George (himself a Welshman), to bring the royals closer to their Welsh constituency, the castle was designated as the venue for the 1911 investiture of the Prince of Wales.

Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America's Schools
by Steven Brill
Published 15 Aug 2011

Board of Education, the Supreme Court decision outlawing school segregation, asserting—actually, screaming—that allowing Harlem Success to move in would reverse Brown because Harlem Success takes only “certain” students. (The hard-to-follow part was the idea that being chosen in a lottery is like being chosen on the basis of race, which is what Brown was all about.) “Gentrification is coming to our schools,” he screamed. “Don’t let them do this.” The other problem with his speech is that it dragged on for so long that even the pro-union timekeeper at the front table intervened. This caused the front rows to erupt in chants of “Let him speak,” followed by efforts to grab the microphone from him and then for him.

Aerotropolis
by John D. Kasarda and Greg Lindsay
Published 2 Jan 2009

He wrote: Look’d toward the lower bay to notice the vessels arriving, Saw their approach, saw aboard those that were near me, Saw the white sails of schooners and sloops, saw the ships at anchor, The sailors at work in the rigging or out astride the spars, The round masts, the swinging motion of the hulls, the slender serpentine pennants, The large and small steamers in motion, the pilots in their pilot-houses, … the jetliners and captains of a distant epoch. That was 150 years ago, but longshoremen walked these streets from dawn to dusk for another hundred years, before the first Wall Street families arrived and gentri-fication followed. This was a neighborhood created by commerce, for commerce—as joined to those docks as surely as the fate of New Songdo and its offspring are tied to runways. One morning, while a Delta Shuttle spluttered across the sky, I thought of the newborn city and its twelve-mile bridge across the Yellow Sea.

Lonely Planet Colombia (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Alex Egerton , Tom Masters and Kevin Raub
Published 30 Jun 2015

Both sections of the old town are packed with perfectly preserved colonial churches, monasteries, plazas, palaces and mansions, with balconies and shady patios that overflow with brightly colored flowers. Getsemaní, the outer walled town, is less obviously impressive with its modest architecture, but as it's far more residential and less sanitized, it offers plenty of atmosphere and is well worth exploring. In recent years it has become the home of backpackers in the city, but gentrification is coming astonishingly quickly, and the area is full of trendy restaurants, packed cocktail bars and salsa clubs, and now almost as many boutique hotels as the inner walled town. A beautiful walkway, the Muelle Turístico de los Pegasos, links Getsemaní with the old town. The old town is surrounded by Las Murallas, the thick walls built to protect the town against enemies.

The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power, and the Origins of Our Times
by Giovanni Arrighi
Published 15 Mar 2010

Then as now, a significant portion of this surplus capital tended to flow into speculation and into conspicuous consumption; and then as now, investment in real estate within the capitalist cities themselves were the most important means of combining speculation with conspicuous consumption. But investment in the commercialization and “gentrification” of the rural spaces that had been or were in the process of being annexed by the capitalist cities, could and did play an analogous role as complements or as substitutes of investment in urban real estate. The shipbuilding, luxury, construction, and “modern” agriculture industries were not the only exceptions to the tendency of capitalist citystates to externalize as much as possible the economic and social costs of production.

USA Travel Guide
by Lonely, Planet

The neighborhood’s smack-, crack- and brick row houses sitting mere miles from the Mall form one of DC’s great contradictory panoramas, yet strong communities persist. More tourists started arriving on the first day of the baseball season in 2008, when Nationals Stadium opened, bringing with it double-edged gentrification. The impact of renovation dollars can already be seen at some spruced-up intersections. Frederick Douglass National Historic Site LANDMARK (www.nps.gov/frdo; 1411 W St SE; 9am-4pm) Freedom fighter, author and statesman Frederick Douglass occupied this beautifully sited hilltop house from 1878 until his death in 1895.

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Today Hampton Roads is known for its horribly congested roads, as well as its cultural mishmash of history, the military and the arts. NORFOLK Home to the world’s largest naval base, it’s not surprising that Norfolk had a reputation as a rowdy port town filled with drunken sailors. In recent years, the city has worked hard to clean up its image through development, gentrification and focusing on its burgeoning arts scene. Norfolk is now the state’s second-largest city, with a diverse population of 243,000. But at the end of the day, it still revolves around the US Navy, as evident by the frequent sights of mammoth warships offshore and sounds of screaming fighter jets above.

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Frenchman St , which runs through the center of the ’hood, is a fantastic strip of live-music goodness – what Bourbon St used to be before the strip clubs and daiquiri factories took over. The Bywater is an edgier area, where a good mix of white, African American working class and artists are straddling the edge of urban cool. A lot of new New Orleanians have moved into this area, bringing a bit of gentrification along with some decent funkiness to the pretty rows of shotgun shacks. Make It Right NEIGHBORHOOD (www.makeitrightnola.org; N Clairborne at Tennessee St) Brad Pitt’s futuristic green building project in the Lower Ninth Ward, Make It Right, dots the former devastated landscape like Jetsons -style living quarters.

Frommer's England 2011: With Wales
by Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince
Published 2 Jan 2010

National Space Centre (Leicester, East Midlands): Crowned by a futuristic rocket tower, this is Britain’s only attraction dedicated to space science and astronomy. Visitors are taken through eight themed galleries, where they see space rockets, satellites, and capsules. Many attractions are hands-on. See p. 565. Castlefield (Manchester, the Northwest): This historic core has been designated an urban heritage park, inviting exploration. In a feat of gentrification, city authorities are turning this once-blighted area of warehouses and canals into a thriving community full of restaurants, bars, museums, and art galleries. The first railway station in the world, dating from 1830, has been converted into the Museum of Science & Industry. See “Exploring Castlefield” (p. 596).

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On-site is an unusual gift shop with a selection of original works by Welsh artists, including ceramics, glass, and jewelry. Alexandra Rd. & 01792/516900. www.swansea.gov.uk. Free admission. Tues–Sun 10am–5pm. Swansea After Dark Long gone are the days when Swansea’s nocturnal entertainment consisted of a handful of battered pubs with a jukebox blaring out pre-Beatles tunes. Since the 1990s gentrification of many areas of Swansea’s central core, there has been an explosion of nightlife options, many of them focusing on the city’s nightlife-related pride and joy—Wind Street. (That rhymes with “wined and dined,” incidentally.) The best way to explore the place involves popping in and out of the pubs, bars, and shops along this cobble-covered thoroughfare, especially on evenings when the city council has blocked off traffic, transforming it into a pedestrian-only walkway that on weekend evenings gets very crowded.

Frommer's California 2007
by Harry Basch , Mark Hiss , Erika Lenkert and Matthew Richard Poole
Published 6 Dec 2006

N A PA 55 miles N of San Francisco Napa serves as the commercial center of the Wine Country and the gateway to Napa Valley. Most visitors whiz past it on their way to the heart of the valley, but if you veer off the highway, you’ll be surprised to discover a small but burgeoning community of nearly 75,000 residents and some of the most affordable accommodations in the area. It is also in the process of gentrification, thanks to relatively affordable housing, an old-fashioned downtown, and new restaurants and attractions. From the city of Napa, northbound Highway 29 or the Silverado Trail lead you to wineries and the more quintessential Wine Country landscape of vineyards and wide-open country views. Tips Sip Tip You can cheaply sip your way through downtown Napa without getting behind the wheel with the new “Taste Napa Downtown” wine card.

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Order a tamale, sandwich, hamburger, or whatever else is on the menu at the tiny deli inside the market, or buy a loaf of Café Beaujolais bread sold at the front counter and your favorite spread. 4 Fort Bragg 10 miles N of Mendocino; 176 miles N of San Francisco As the Mendocino coast’s commercial center—hence the site of most of the area’s fastfood restaurants and supermarkets—Fort Bragg is far more down-to-earth than Mendocino. Inexpensive motels and cheap eats used to be its only attractions, but over the past few years, gentrification has spread throughout the town, as the logging and fishing industries have steadily declined. With no room left to open new shops in Mendocino, FORT BRAGG 219 many gallery, boutique, and restaurant owners have moved up the road. The result is a huge increase in Fort Bragg’s tourist trade, particularly during the Whale Festival in March and Paul Bunyan Days over Labor Day weekend.

The Mad Man: Or, the Mysteries of Manhattan
by Samuel R. Delany
Published 1 Jun 2015

I went out the door and pulled it carefully to behind me. Outside, the Amsterdam Avenue night was warm. Even though I’d left off my tie, in the very first minutes I decided I’d overdressed. College kids prowled singly and eagerly, or strolled in loud, laughing groups, between the bars that had opened up in the last year—spillage from the gentrification over on Columbus Avenue that, a decade before, had been the big thing in the city. I walked down past the Korean vegetable emporium where we got our beer. It was ironic: when Hasler had lived here, when Hasler had walked the avenue on a summer night, there’d been none of this summer revelry, nor would anyone then have imagined his countrymen would dominate this aspect of the city’s commerce the way, once, it was assumed Greeks ran coffee shops.

City: Urbanism and Its End
by Douglas W. Rae
Published 15 Jan 2003

When Oak Street was leveled, “luxury apartments” took the place of squalid tenements: physicians replaced rag dealers, merchants replaced peddlers, capacity replaced need. Among the poor, only the elderly were housed in large numbers by the new structures. In such cases—to which we apply the odd name “gentrification”— the transformation of place says little about the transformation of lives. In other 336 E X T R A O R D I N A R Y P O L I T I C S instances, such as the vast emptiness left by the clear zone that accompanied the Oak Street Connector, open space replaced a neighborhood. In the earliest and largest urban redevelopment projects—Oak Street and Church Street—the process was often devastating to what remained of urbanism (figure 10.8).

The Social Life of Money
by Nigel Dodd
Published 14 May 2014

Sassen (1991, 1999) identifies a dual logic of valorization within the global city whereby financial firms and their workers are overvalorized, and the legions of low-wage service workers they employ (as residential building attendants, restaurant workers, preparers of specialty and gourmet foods, dog walkers, errand runners, apartment cleaners, and childcare providers) are heavily undervalorized. This valorization shapes the complex spatial dynamics of the global city, with its contrasting areas of residential and commercial gentrification and urban deprivation. Hence globalization does not homogenize urban space but rather shapes it in conjunction with the deep economic history of particular places and the regions in which they are located. Global firms locate themselves in cities according to their own specific infrastructural requirements (Sassen 2009).

The Outlaw Ocean: Journeys Across the Last Untamed Frontier
by Ian Urbina
Published 19 Aug 2019

This diagram, drawn by the federal prosecutors involved in the case against Carnival Corporation, the company that owned the Caribbean Princess, shows how the magic pipe redirects waste so that it is illegally discharged into the ocean. Passengers may dream of frolicking with sea turtles at ports of call, but many would cringe at what their ships dump into the very same waters these tourists have come to see. The cruise industry represents a kind of gentrification of the ocean; with enough money and steel and aluminum and all-you-can-eat buffets, anyone can enjoy the very best the oceans have to offer without the unsavory parts. The ships are supposed to be self-contained vessels, like campers who have to carry their garbage with them to leave no waste behind.

Frommer's London 2009
by Darwin Porter and Danforth Prince
Published 25 Aug 2008

. & 020/7930-2020. www.heaven-london.com. Cover £12–£15 ($24–$30). Tube: Charing Cross or Embankment. The Joiners Arms Time was when you wouldn’t want to set foot in this East End boozer unless you wanted to pick up a bloke from one of the surrounding housing projects. But with the increasingly gentrification of Shoreditch, a chic-er set of guys is showing up here to mix with the sexy blue collars. The wardrobe of choice? Tracksuit bottoms—and not much else. The joint is packed on weekends. Open Sunday 3pm to 1am, Monday to Saturday 6pm to 2am. 116–118 Hackney Rd., E2, Shoreditch. & 0871/ 223-7460.

Colorado
by Lonely Planet

That event overshadowed what was otherwise a pivotal and positive decade for the state in terms of economic growth as Denver and Boulder cashed in on the technology boom. Some of those jobs were lost in the late ’90s tech bust, but the area weathered the storm. This growth not only sparked suburban sprawl but also urban gentrification. Denver’s once blighted LoDo neighborhood came back strong with residential loft construction and the opening of dozens of bars and restaurants. Young college grads flocked in from across the US, with an eye toward pairing an outdoor, weekend-warrior lifestyle with a high-paying tech gig. Which is why Boulder and Denver were fixtures on the Forbes list of Best Cities for Singles throughout the mid-2000s.

Jim Henson: The Biography
by Brian Jay Jones
Published 23 Sep 2013

Established before the Civil War, the sleepy settlement, sprawled out across several former plantations, had taken advantage of fertile soil and regular steamboat traffic on Deer Creek to become one of the wealthiest in the Delta region. In the 1880s came the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad, along with an influx of grocers and landlords and innkeepers—but even with the growing merchant class and increasing gentrification, it was still land that mattered most in Leland, and in the Mississippi Delta. In 1904, then, the state legislature called for the creation of an agricultural experiment station in the Delta region, preferably “at a point where experiments with the soil of the hills as well as the Delta can be made.”

Understanding Power
by Noam Chomsky
Published 26 Jul 2010

As capital becomes more fluid and it becomes easier for corporations to move production to the Third World, why should they pay higher wages in Detroit when they can pay lower wages in Northern Mexico or the Philippines? And the result is, there’s even more pressure on the poorer part of the population here. And what’s in effect happened is they’ve been closed off into inner-city slums—where then all sorts of other pressures begin to attack them: drugs, gentrification, police repression, cutbacks in limited welfare programs, and so on. And all of these things contribute to creating a very authentic sense of hopelessness, and also to real anti-social behavior: crime. And the crime is mostly poor people preying on one another, the statistics show that very clearly—because the rich are locked away behind their barricades. 29 You can see it very clearly when you drive through New York now: the differences in wealth are like San Salvador.

The Rise of the Network Society
by Manuel Castells
Published 31 Aug 1996

Ethnic communities that often degenerate into hostility toward each other coexist peacefully in Belleville, although keeping track of their own turf, and certainly not without tensions. New middle-class households, generally young, have joined the neighborhood because of its urban vitality, and powerfully contribute to its survival, while self-controlling the impacts of gentrification. Cultures and histories, in a truly plural urbanity, interact in the space, giving meaning to it, linking up with the “city of collective memory” à la Christine Boyer.89 The landscape pattern swallows and digests substantial physical modifications, by integrating them in its mixed uses and active street life.

The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics
by Christopher Lasch
Published 16 Sep 1991

A tumultuous session of the Charlestown city council in 1965 approved a plan calling for demolition of 10 percent of private housing, replacement of the state prison with the Bunker Hill Community College, and other dubious improvements. Subsequent plans called for the construction of luxury housing on the site of the old navy yard, complete with swimming pool, tennis courts, and two marinas. "I am concerned with the destruction of families," said an opponent of gentrification. "We want people back, not a professional man, his secretary, and a dog." Professional planners, however, cared more about real estate values and a "better sort of person." The Charlestown Patriot accurately assessed the effect of their efforts when it warned that "Townies" would soon lose the "Charlestown they now know," if indeed they found themselves "able to live here at all," in the "backyard of all this luxury."

The World's First Railway System: Enterprise, Competition, and Regulation on the Railway Network in Victorian Britain
by Mark Casson
Published 14 Jul 2009

Government failed to take a tough line with firms in mature manufacturing industries that had switched from efficiency-seeking to rent-seeking activities. 2 . 6 . C U LT U R A L E X P L A NAT I O N S O F E N T R E P R E N E U R I A L D EC L I N E Decline in late Victorian Britain is popularly attributed to premature gentrification. In the second half of the nineteenth century, it is claimed, the social gulf between artisans and aristocrats widened. Self-employed artisans and the owners of small family firms could no longer aspire to the ‘fame and fortune’ which had motivated earlier generations. Wealthy industrialists no longer challenged the aristocracy for political power, but bought into it by investing in country estates.

Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation
by Edward Chancellor
Published 31 May 2000

For many centuries this was a self-contained district of craftspeople and dockworkers which long retained its own dialect, related to the Jenisch language of the Swiss gypsies and dubbed Mattenenglisch by the other Bernese, to whom it was an incomprehensible language (as obscure as Englisch) spoken in a meadow (Matte). Gentrification of the neighbourhood in the 1970s brought sweeping social changes. The river is still channelled into an open canal along the main street, and there are plenty of crooked half-timbered houses all around, but a look at wall plaques will turn up more software companies and design partnerships than you could shake a stick at.

Lonely Planet Eastern Europe
by Lonely Planet , Mark Baker , Tamara Sheward , Anita Isalska , Hugh McNaughtan , Lorna Parkes , Greg Bloom , Marc Di Duca , Peter Dragicevich , Tom Masters , Leonid Ragozin , Tim Richards and Simon Richmond
Published 30 Sep 2017

oHotel MetropolHISTORIC HOTEL€€€ ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %499-501 7800; www.metropol-moscow.ru; Teatralny proezd 1/4; r from R10,000; naWs; mTeatralnaya) Nothing short of an art nouveau masterpiece, the 1907 Metropol brings an artistic, historic touch to every nook and cranny, from the spectacular exterior to the grand lobby to the individually decorated (but small) rooms. The breakfast buffet (R2000) is ridiculously priced, but it's served under the restaurant's gorgeous stained-glass ceiling. 5Eating Danilovsky MarketMARKET€€ ( GOOGLE MAP ; www.danrinok.ru; Mytnaya ul 74; mains R400-600; h8am-8pm; mTulskaya) A showcase of the ongoing gentrification of Moscow, this giant Soviet-era farmers market is now largely about deli food cooked and served in a myriad of little eateries, including such gems as a Dagestani dumpling shop and a Vietnamese pho soup kitchen. The market itself looks very orderly, if a tiny bit artificial, with uniformed vendors and thoughtfully designed premises.

The Meritocracy Trap: How America's Foundational Myth Feeds Inequality, Dismantles the Middle Class, and Devours the Elite
by Daniel Markovits
Published 14 Sep 2019

See also Shaila Dewan, “In Many Cities, Rent Is Rising Out of Reach of Middle Class,” New York Times, April 14, 2014, accessed November 19, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2014/04/15/business/more-renters-find-30-affordability-ratio-unattainable.html. The Dewan study finds slightly lower income shares for contemporary rents than the Kusisto study, presumably because it was done roughly a year earlier. rents increase by 0.6 percent: See Emily Badger, “A ‘Nationwide Gentrification Effect’ Is Segregating Us by Education,” Washington Post, July 11, 2014, accessed November 19, 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/07/11/college-graduates-are-sorting-themselves-into-cities-increasingly-out-of-reach-of-everyone-else/?utm_term=.4629fe194009. Badger cites work by the economist Rebecca Diamond.

The Rough Guide to Switzerland (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 24 May 2022

For many centuries this was a self-contained district of craftspeople and dockworkers which long retained its own dialect, related to the Jenisch language of the Swiss gypsies and dubbed Mattenenglisch by the other Bernese, to whom it was an incomprehensible language (as obscure as Englisch) spoken in a meadow (Matte). Gentrification of the neighbourhood in the 1970s brought sweeping social changes. The river is still channelled into an open canal along the main street, and there are plenty of crooked half-timbered houses all around, but a look at wall plaques will turn up more software companies and design partnerships than you could shake a stick at.

France (Lonely Planet, 8th Edition)
by Nicola Williams
Published 14 Oct 2010

Examples include the oldest house in Paris, the 13th-century house (Map) at 3 rue Volta in the 3e, parts of which date back to 1292; the 15th-century house (Map) at 51 rue de Montmorency in the 3e (dating back to 1407), which is now a restaurant, Auberge Nicolas Flamel; and the 16th-century half-timbered houses (Map) at 11 and 13 rue François Miron in the 4e. After years as a run-down immigrant neighbourhood notorious for its high crime rate, the contiguous Bastille district (11e and 12e) has undergone a fair degree of gentrification, largely due to the opening of the Opéra Bastille almost two decades ago. Though the area is not the hip nightlife centre it was through most of the 1990s, it still has quite a bit to offer after dark, with numerous pubs, bars and clubs lining rue de Lappe and rue de la Roquette. HÔTEL DE VILLE After having been gutted during the Paris Commune of 1871, Paris’ Hôtel de Ville (City Hall; Map; 39 75; www.paris.fr; place de l’Hôtel de Ville, 4e; Hôtel de Ville) was rebuilt in the neo-Renaissance style (1874–82).

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TOP END Le Relais du Louvre (Map; 01 40 41 96 42; www.relaisdulouvre.com; 19 rue des Prêtres St-Germain l’Auxerrois, 1er; Pont Neuf; s €108, d & tw €165-198, tr €212, ste €237-430; ) If you are someone who likes style but in a traditional sense, choose this lovely 21-room hotel just west of the Louvre and south of the Église St-Germain l’Auxerrois. The 10 rooms facing the street and the church are on the petite side; if you are looking for something more spacious, ask for one of the five rooms ending in a ‘2’ and looking on to the garden/patio. Marais & Bastille Despite massive gentrification in recent years, there are some fine hostels here and the choice of lower-priced one- and two-star hotels remains excellent. East of Bastille, the relatively untouristed 11e is generally made up of unpretentious, working-class areas and is a good way to see the ‘real’ Paris up close. Two-star comfort here is less expensive than in the Marais.

Lonely Planet France
by Lonely Planet Publications
Published 31 Mar 2013

And while the lower Marais has long been fashionable, the real buzz these days is in Haut Marais (upper or northern Marais; NoMa), showcasing rising design talent, vintage fashion, hip art and cool eateries. Watch for new openings – pop-up and permanent – on rue de Bretagne, rue Dupetit Thouars, rue Charles François Dupuis and rue Charlot among others. The contiguous Bastille district (11e and 12e) has also undergone a fair degree of gentrification and is another buzzing nightlife district. Le Marais & Northern Bastille Top Sights Musée CarnavaletC7 Musée Picasso C6 Place des VosgesD7 Sights 1 Bibliothèque Publique d'Information A6 2 Centre Pompidou A6 3 Colonne de Juillet E8 4Hôtel de VilleA7 5House Where Jim Morrison DiedC8 6 Maison de Victor Hugo D8 7Maison Européenne de la PhotographieB7 8Mémorial de la ShoahB8 9Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du JudaïsmeB6 10 Musée des Arts et Métiers A4 11 Musée National d'Art Moderne A6 Place de la Bastille (see 3) 12 Salle St-Jean A7 13 Village St-Paul C8 Activities, Courses & Tours 14Hôtel de Ville Ice-Skating RinkA7 15 Paris à Vélo, C'est Sympa!

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The national library contains around 12 million tomes stored on some 420km of shelves and can hold 2000 readers and 2000 researchers. It’s well worth visiting for its excellent temporary exhibitions (entrance E), which revolve around ‘the word’ – from storytelling to bookbinding and French heroes. ST-GERMAIN & LES INVALIDES Despite gentrification since its early 20th century bohemian days, there remains a startling cinematic quality to this soulful part of the Left Bank, where artists, writers, actors and musicians cross paths and la vie germanopratine (St-Germain life) is belle . To St-Germain’s west is the refined Les Invalides area.

Lonely Planet China (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet and Shawn Low
Published 1 Apr 2015

Sing KeeDAI PAI DONG ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %2541 5678; 9-10 Stanley St, Soho; meals HK$200; h11am-3pm & 6-11pm daily; c; mCentral, exit D2) In the fine-dining enclave of Soho, finding a good and cheap meal can be tricky. Sing Kee, one of the few surviving dai pai dong (food stalls) in the area, has withstood the tide of gentrification, and still retains a working-class, laugh-out-loud character. There’s no signage. Look for the crammed tables at the end of Stanley St. Life CafeVEGETARIAN, INTERNATIONAL ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %2810 9777; www.lifecafe.com.hk; 10 Shelley St, Soho; meals HK$100; hnoon-10pm; Wvc; mCentral, exit D1) Right next to the Central–Mid-Levels Escalator, Life is a vegetarian’s dream, serving organic vegan salads, guilt-free desserts, and tasty dishes free of gluten, wheat, onion, garlic – you name it – over three floors stylishly decked out in reclaimed teak and recycled copper-domed lamps.

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To Lijiang (¥20) there are buses at 8am, 9.30am, 11.30am, 1.30pm and 3.30pm. Buses to Kunming (¥160) leave at 9.30am and 2pm, and to Shangri-la (¥53) at 9am and 10am. Northwest Yunnan Lijiang %0888 / Pop (old town) 40,000 How popular is this timelocked place? Lijiang’s maze of cobbled streets, rickety (or rickety-looking, given gentrification) wooden buildings and gushing canals suck in over eight million people a year. So thick are the crowds in the narrow alleys that it can feel like that they've all arrived at the same time. But remember the 80/20 rule: 80% of the tourists will be in 20% of the places. Get up early enough and you can often beat the crowds.

The Rough Guide to Australia (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 14 Oct 2023

The combination of exclusively Australian beers on tap, a perfectly executed classic cocktail list, the best cheese toasties this side of the Yarra, and quirky old-school collectables leave very little to be miserable about. Prince Public Bar 29 Fitzroy St; http://princebandroom.com.au. Defiantly local and relatively no-frills, this dim hotel bar has an air of resistance in the face of St Kilda’s gentrification. Frequented in equal parts by colourful local identities, visitors and desperadoes, it’s a true St Kilda experience, though prices have been on the rise – even for bottles of VB (which kind of suit the place). The Vineyard 71A Acland St; http://thevineyard.com.au. In true St Kilda style, this Acland St staple has long been a place where yuppies and hipsters rub shoulders with “bogans” and “bikies”, collectively watching the world go by from prime positions in the outdoor courtyard.

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With the building of the wharf in the 1830s, a working-class community grew up behind Salamanca Place, and Battery Point was home to the waterfront workmen, then, later, merchants who built fine houses. Nowadays, pubs with names such as the Shipwright’s Arms (see page 625) are the only reminder of the original population. Gentrification has transformed Battery Point into a prosperous urban village, with streets of immaculately restored historic cottages, and the charming flower-filled green of Arthurs Circus. The former corner-store shops now host smart cafés and restaurants. The next suburb south is well-heeled Sandy Bay, home to the Royal Tasmanian Yacht Club, the Wrest Point Casino in an incongruous 1970s tower with a revolving restaurant, and a passable beach – a pleasant spot from which to watch weekend regattas.

The Atlantic and Its Enemies: A History of the Cold War
by Norman Stone
Published 15 Feb 2010

Along it went lorries, packed with rubble, and occasional large, curtained, black cars, carrying the unlovely Communist bosses. There was another peculiarity to East Berlin. Bomb damage did not mean that old buildings were torn down, as in the West. Instead, they were patched together, at least in areas such as the Schönhauser Allee or the Vinetastrasse, outside of the international gaze, ripe for ‘gentrification’ two generations down the line, but at the time almost uninhabitable. No German in his senses would want to live there. The tensions of 1952 were such that Stalin was obviously thinking of a war, and he told Mao to prepare for one. Then came, perhaps in preparation for it, a new ‘purge’, both at home and in the satellite states, to dispose of potential traitors before they had time to act.

Lonely Planet Scotland
by Lonely Planet

Lioness of LeithBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ; %0131-629 0580; www.facebook.com/Thelionessofleith; 21-25 Duke St; hnoon-midnight Mon-Thu, 11am-1am Fri & Sat, 12.30pm-midnight Sun; W; g21, 25, 34, 35, 49) Duke St was always one of the rougher corners of Leith, but the emergence of pubs like the Lioness is a sure sign of creeping gentrification. Distressed timber and battered leather benches are surrounded by vintage objets trouvés from chandeliers and glitterballs to mounted animal heads, a pinball machine and a pop-art print of Allen Ginsberg. Good beers and cocktails. Sofi'sBAR ( GOOGLE MAP ; %0131-555 7019; www.bodabar.com/sofis; 65 Henderson St; h2pm-1am Mon-Fri, noon-1am Sat, 1pm-1am Sun; Wc; g22, 35, 36) Sofi's brings a little bit of Swedish sophistication to this former Leith pub, feeling more like a bohemian cafe with its mismatched furniture, candlelit tables, fresh flowers and colourful art.

Lonely Planet Scotland
by Lonely Planet

The real ales and bottled beers are complemented by a range of speciality teas, coffees and fruit drinks (including rose lemonade), and well-above-average pub grub (served from 10am to 10pm). Lioness of LeithBAR (%0131-629 0580; www.thelionessofleith.co.uk; 21-25 Duke St; hnoon-1am Mon-Thu, 11am-1am Fri-Sun; W; g21, 25, 34, 49, 300) Duke St was always one of the rougher corners of Leith, but the emergence of pubs like the Lioness is a sure sign of gentrification. Distressed timber and battered leather benches are surrounded by vintage objets trouvés, a pinball machine and a pop-art print of Allen Ginsberg. Good beers and cocktails, and a tempting menu of gourmet burgers. Teuchters LandingPUB (%0131-554 7427; www.aroomin.co.uk; 1 Dock Pl; h10.30am-1am; W; g16, 22, 36, 300) A cosy warren of timber-lined nooks and crannies housed in a single-storey red-brick building (once a waiting room for ferries across the Firth of Forth), this real-ale and malt-whisky bar also has tables on a floating terrace in the dock.

Lonely Planet Washington, Oregon & the Pacific Northwest
by Lonely Planet

Rainbow flags and emblems are posted in the windows and yards of countless businesses and residences. Unlike most progressive cities with high LGBTQ+ populations, Portland lacks a definitive ‘gayborhood.’ The collective, speculative sentiment as to why is that it’s already a liberal bubble, or that everyone in town is a little bit gay. Undoubtedly, gentrification and the city’s housing crisis play a larger part in this. But no matter where you find yourself, it is generally safe – and even empowering – to exist in your skin here. However, despite an embrace of LGBTQ+ people and culture by Portland’s wider population, bias crimes (especially toward transgender and nonbinary people) do still occur.

The Rough Guide to Chile & Easter Island (Travel Guide with Free eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 15 Mar 2023

In April 2014, a devastating fire broke out in the southeastern side of the city, killing fifteen people and destroying around three thousand homes. Three years later, another blaze injured nineteen and wiped out more than a hundred homes. Despite these blows, Valpo’s profile has risen in recent years, accompanied by increasing gentrification on the more touristy cerros, with many locals selling up or forced out by rising rents and property prices. Barrio Puerto At the heart of Porteño history and identity, the Barrio Puerto, the port neighbourhood, is a good place to start exploring. However, you should keep a close eye on your belongings as pickpockets and thieves are rife during the day; at night the area is unsafe.

Lonely Planet Chile & Easter Island (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Carolyn McCarthy and Kevin Raub
Published 19 Oct 2015

Clinging to the rocky hills of Península Coquimbo, the town was long written off as La Serena’s ugly cousin, but it has blossomed into the area’s up-and-coming spot for nightlife. On top of its nighttime buzz, it’s worth a trip for a wander around its beautifully restored 19th-century Barrio Inglés (English Quarter) and a visit to the fishing jetty for some fresh seafood. Despite its slow and steady gentrification, Coquimbo remains a gritty working port. For a dizzying view of the bay and out to La Serena, climb atop Cruz del Tercer Milenio (Cross of the Third Millennium; www.cruzdeltercermilenio.cl, in Spanish; Cerro El Vigía; admission CH$2000; 8:30am-9:30pm; ), reaching for the sky above Coquimbo. A surreal mix between a holy pilgrimage site and theme park, this whopping 93m-high concrete cross contains a museum (largely devoted to the late Pope John Paul II), praying rooms and an elevator ride to the top.

Coastal California
by Lonely Planet

Foodie-scenester restaurants and cafes, wine-tasting rooms and fancy boutiques line Healdsburg Plaza, the town’s sun-dappled central square (bordered by Healdsburg Ave and Center, Matheson and Plaza Sts). Traffic grinds to a halt summer weekends, when second-home-owners and tourists jam downtown. Old-timers aren’t happy with the Napa-style gentrification, but at least Healdsburg retains its historic look, if not its once-quiet summers. It’s best visited weekdays – stroll tree-lined streets, sample locavore cooking and soak up the NorCal flavor. Sights Tasting rooms surround the plaza. Free summer concerts play Tuesday afternoons. Healdsburg Museum MUSEUM ( 707-431-3325; www.healdsburgmuseum.org; 221 Matheson St; donation requested; 11am-4pm Thu-Sun) East of the plaza, worth a visit for a glimpse of Healdsburg’s past.

The Rough Guide to Portugal (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Mar 2023

However, come down in the morning – before the parasols and blackboard menus have been put out – and the Ribeira still ticks along in local fashion. Between the postcards and touristy ceramics you’ll find dusty grocery stores and a warehouse or two, piled high with bags of potatoes. Meanwhile, behind the arcades and heading up towards the cathedral is a warren of stepped alleys that thumb their noses at the riverside gentrification. Ponte Dom Luís I Porto’s iconic double-decker bridge, Ponte Dom Luís I, provides one of the city’s favourite photo opportunities. You can walk across either level to the port wine lodges, bars and restaurants of Vila Nova de Gaia – there’s traffic on the bottom level, the metro across the top – and the upper level crossing especially (a nerve-jangling 60m above the water) is worth doing at least once.

Great Britain
by David Else and Fionn Davenport
Published 2 Jan 2007

Return to beginning of chapter SLEEPING Although the number of city-centre options is on the increase, they are still generally restricted to the chain variety – either budget or business – that caters conveniently to the party people and business folk that make up the majority of Newcastle’s overnight guests. Most of the other accommodation options are in the handsome northern suburb of Jesmond, where the forces of gentrification and student power fight it out for territory. As the city is a major business destination, weekend arrivals will find that most places drop their prices for Friday and Saturday nights. City Centre MIDRANGE Waterside Hotel ( 0191-230 0111; www.watersidehotel.com; 48-52 Sandhill, Quayside; s/d £75/80) The rooms are a tad small, but they’re among the most elegant in town: lavish furnishings and heavy velvet drapes in a heritage-listed building.

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And, if you’re feeling inspired by this excursion, then head for Laugharne in Carmarthenshire to continue the pilgrimage. * * * Morgans Hotel ( 01792-484848; www.morganshotel.co.uk; Somerset Pl; r from £125; ) In a town centre dominated by chain hotels and identikit hotel rooms, Morgans is a real gem. Swansea’s first boutique hotel kick-started the gentrification of the formerly run-down marina area and remains the city’s leading property several years on. The rooms are sleek, the champagne bar a magnet for the local glitterati and the restaurant reassuringly buzzy. But Morgans is also a pretension-free zone: think bacon butties at breakfast and staff happy to share a joke.

A Classless Society: Britain in the 1990s
by Alwyn W. Turner
Published 4 Sep 2013

But there was, many felt, a danger that something was being lost along the way, a cultural vitality that had always thrived on impolite emotions. Football was not as other sports. It consumed supporters’ lives with its passions and rivalries, and though these were mostly expressed in banter and humour, there was an undercurrent of offence and sometimes outright hatred that didn’t sit well with the gentrification of the game. Up against this century-old culture, however, there now came the full weight of capitalism and commercialisation; not just Sky Television and the Premier League, but also UEFA and the Champions League and what by the end of the decade was known as the FIFA World Cup, the international administrative body having decided to lay claim to the world’s most popular sporting tournament.

Surfaces and Essences
by Douglas Hofstadter and Emmanuel Sander
Published 10 Sep 2012

Below are listed some concepts — just a minuscule subset of the concepts that our culture abounds in — the possession of which would seem to give us a substantial leg up on people from previous generations or centuries: Positive and negative feedback, vicious circle, self-fulfilling prophecy, famous for being famous, backlash, supply and demand, market forces, the subconscious, subliminal imagery, Freudian slip, (Edipus complex, defense mechanism, sour grapes, passive-aggressive behavior, peer pressure, racial profiling, ethnic stereotype, status symbol, zero-sum game, catch-22, gestalt, chemical bond, catalyst, photosynthesis, DNA, virus, genetic code, dominant and recessive genes, immune system, auto-immune disease, natural selection, food chain, endangered species, ecological niche, exponential growth, population explosion, contraception, noise pollution, toxic waste, crop rotation, cross-fertilization, cloning, chain reaction, chain store, chain letter, email, spam, phishing, six degrees of separation, Internet, Web-surfing, uploading and downloading, video game, viral video, virtual reality, chat room, cybersecurity, data mining, artificial intelligence, IQ, robotics, morphing, time reversal, slow motion, time-lapse photography, instant replay, zooming in and out, galaxy, black hole, atom, superconductivity, radioactivity, nuclear fission, antimatter, sound wave, wavelength, X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic-resonance imagery, laser, laser surgery, heart transplant, defibrillator, space station, weightlessness, bungee jumping, home run, switch hitter, slam-dunk, Hail Mary pass, sudden-death playoff, make an end run around someone, ultramarathon, pole dancing, speed dating, multitasking, brainstorming, namedropping, channel-surfing, soap opera, chick flick, remake, rerun, subtitles, sound bite, buzzword, musical chairs, telephone tag, the game of Telephone, upping the ante, playing chicken, bumper cars, SUVs, automatic transmission, oil change, radar trap, whiplash, backseat driver, oil spill, superglue, megachurch, placebo, politically correct language, slippery slope, pushing the envelope, stock-market crash, recycling, biodegradability, assembly line, black box, wind-chill factor, frequent-flyer miles, hub airport, fast food, soft drink, food court, VIP lounge, moving sidewalk, shuttle bus, cell-phone lot, genocide, propaganda, paparazzi, culture shock, hunger strike, generation gap, quality time, Murphy’s law, roller coaster, in-joke, outsource, downsize, upgrade, bell-shaped curve, fractal shape, breast implant, Barbie doll, trophy wife, surrogate mother, first lady, worst-case scenario, prenuptial agreement, gentrification, paradigm shift, affirmative action, gridlock, veganism, karaoke, power lunch, brown-bag lunch, blue-chip company, yellow journalism, purple prose, greenhouse effect, orange alert, red tape, white noise, gray matter, black list… Not only does our culture provide us with such potent concepts, it also encourages us to analogically extend them both playfully and seriously, which gives rise to a snowballing of the number of concepts.

New York
by Edward Rutherfurd
Published 10 Nov 2009

Now it was made into an area where people from the nearby offices could sit and have a cappuccino. Along Forty-second toward Times Square, the dreary movie houses that purveyed hardcore porn were swept away. Downtown, Soho and the area next to it, known as Tribeca now, were becoming fashionable enclaves for people who liked to live in lofts. True, this gentrification and yuppification of the city might take away some of its older character, but on the whole Gorham thought the changes an improvement. No, his desire to leave the city, at first anyway, was simply a desire for more physical space. For large and handsome though the apartment was, there were times when all the family yearned for a place where they could spread out a bit.

Empire of Things: How We Became a World of Consumers, From the Fifteenth Century to the Twenty-First
by Frank Trentmann
Published 1 Dec 2015

Varma, The Great Indian Middle Class (Delhi, 1998); McKinsey Global Institute, ‘The “Bird of Gold”: The Rise of India’s Consumer Market’ (San Francisco, 2007); NCAER, The Great Indian Market (New Delhi, 2005); Ernest Young, ‘Great Indian Middle Class’; David S. G. Goodman, ed., The New Rich in China: Future Rulers, Present Lives (New York, 2008); and Cheng Li, China’s Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation (Washington, DC, 2010). See also 434–9 below on luxury. 46. Jun Wang & Stephen Siu Yu Lau, ‘Gentrification and Shanghai’s New Middle Class: Another Reflection on the Cultural Consumption Thesis’, Cities 26, no. 2, 2009: 57–66; and Xin Wang, ‘Divergent Identities, Convergent Interests’, in: Journal of Contemporary China 17, no. 54, 2008. 47. Deborah Davis & Wang Feng, Creating Wealth and Poverty in Post-socialist China (Stanford, 2008).

Fodor's California 2014
by Fodor's
Published 5 Nov 2013

The Haight, the Castro, and Noe Valley These distinct neighborhoods are where the city’s soul resides. They wear their personalities large and proud, and all are perfect for just strolling around. Like a slide show of San Franciscan history, you can move from the Haight’s residue of 1960s counterculture to the Castro’s connection to 1970s and ’80s gay life to 1990s gentrification in Noe Valley. Although historic events thrust the Haight and the Castro onto the international stage, both are anything but stagnant—they’re still dynamic areas well worth exploring. Previous Map | Next Map | California Maps Exploring the Haight Haight-Ashbury Intersection.

California
by Sara Benson
Published 15 Oct 2010

A short drive south takes you to the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium (Map; 310-548-7562; www.cabrilloaq.org; 3720 Stephen White Dr; admission by donation, suggested adult/child $5/1; noon-5pm Tue-Fri, 10am-5pm Sat & Sun), home to a parade of local oceanic denizens. Long Beach Long Beach, on the border with Orange County, has come a long way from its working-class oil and navy days, but gentrification hasn’t completely spoiled its relaxed, small-town atmosphere. Much of the action in its compact downtown centers on southern Pine Ave, bubbling with restaurants, nightclubs and bars. About 3 miles east of here are the upscale neighborhoods of Belmont Shore and canal-laced Naples, which can be explored via hour-long cruises aboard authentic gondolas with Gondo Getaway (Map; 562-433-9595; www.gondo.net; 5437 E Ocean Blvd; per couple $75, each additional person $20), carrying up to six passengers.

Frommer's Mexico 2008
by David Baird , Juan Cristiano , Lynne Bairstow and Emily Hughey Quinn
Published 21 Sep 2007

L O S C A B O S : R E S O RT S, WAT E R S P O RT S & G O L F 695 1 Los Cabos: Resorts, Watersports & Golf £ The two towns at the southern tip of the rugged Baja Peninsula are grouped together as Los Cabos, although they couldn’t be more different. San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas are separated not just by 33km (21 miles), but also by distinct attitudes and ways of life. Where Cabo San Lucas mirrors a spirited version of the Los Angeles lifestyle, San José del Cabo remains a traditional, tranquil Mexican small town, although recent gentrification is turning it into the more sophisticated of the two resorts. The golden days of Los Cabos began when silver-screen greats such as Bing Crosby, John Wayne, and Ava Gardner ventured south in the 1950s. Sportfishing was the first draw, but the transfixing landscape, rich waters, and nearly flawless climate quickly gained the favor of other explorers.

Frommer's Mexico 2009
by David Baird , Lynne Bairstow , Joy Hepp and Juan Christiano
Published 2 Sep 2008

Tours of nearby inland vineyards (Mexico’s wine country) are growing in popularity. 23 285619-ch19.qxp 7/22/08 11:36 AM Page 701 L O S C A B O S : R E S O RT S, WAT E R S P O RT S & G O L F 701 1 Los Cabos: Resorts, Watersports & Golf £ The two towns at the southern tip of the rugged Baja Peninsula are grouped together as Los Cabos, although they couldn’t be more different. San José del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas are separated not just by 33km (21 miles), but also by distinct attitudes and ways of life. Where Cabo San Lucas mirrors a spirited version of the Los Angeles lifestyle, San José del Cabo remains a traditional, tranquil Mexican small town, although recent gentrification is turning it into the more sophisticated of the two resorts. Because each Cabos has its own character and attractions, we treat them separately; but it’s common to stay in one—or in the Corridor between—and make day trips to the other. The golden days of Los Cabos began when silver-screen greats such as Bing Crosby, John Wayne, and Ava Gardner ventured south in the 1950s.

England
by David Else
Published 14 Oct 2010

Return to beginning of chapter SLEEPING Although the number of city-centre options is on the increase, they are still generally restricted to the chain variety – either budget or business – that caters conveniently to the party people and business folk that make up the majority of Newcastle’s overnight guests. Most of the other accommodations are in the handsome northern suburb of Jesmond, where the forces of gentrification and student power fight it out for territory; Jesmond’s main drag, Osborne Rd, is lined with all kinds of bed types as well as bars and restaurants – making it a strong rival with the city centre for the late-night party scene. As the city is a major business destination, weekend arrivals will find that most places drop their prices for Friday and Saturday nights.

Southeast Asia on a Shoestring Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet
Published 30 May 2012

Artful Ca Phe CAFE $ (20A Ð Nguyen Thien Thuat; mains 20,000-100,000d) Part photography gallery, part cafe, this place is ideal for a coffee, juice or light bite. Drinking Oasis BAR (3 Ð Tran Quang Khai) Popular for cocktail-drinking and shisha-smoking, with happy hours rolling on from 4pm to midnight. The garden terrace is great for sporting events. Stays open until dawn. Sailing Club BAR (72-74 Ð Tran Phu; ) Despite gentrification, this remains the definitive Nha Trang night spot. Drinks are more expensive than in other venues, so it takes awhile to fill up. Popular nights attract a cover charge. * * * BUCKET OF WHAT? There have been a number of reports of dodgy cocktail buckets (laced with moonshine or drugs) doing the rounds in bars and clubs.

Spain
by Lonely Planet Publications and Damien Simonis
Published 14 May 1997

A similar process has largely turned around the city’s once abandoned extreme northeast coastline, creating a highrise residential district with parks, swimming areas and conference centre. La Barceloneta, laid out in the 18th century and subsequently heavily overdeveloped, was long a factory-workers’ and fishermen’s quarter. It still retains a gritty flavour although the factories are a distant memory and there are unmistakable signs of gentrification. Some of the fishing families remain and the area is laced with seafood restaurants. In the Palau de Mar building (former warehouses) facing the harbour is the Museu d’Història de Catalunya (Map; 93 225 47 00; www.mhcat.net; Plaça de Pau Vila 3; adult/senior & under 7yr/student €4/free/3, admission free 1st Sun of month; 10am-7pm Tue & Thu-Sat, 10am-8pm Wed, 10am-2.30pm Sun & holidays; Barceloneta).

The Rough Guide to South America on a Budget (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Jan 2019

A taxi will cost UR$700–800. La Barra Sandwiched between forested hills on one side and golden beaches on the other, La Barra took over as the fashionable place to stay for those tired of the Punta crowds, and its characterful houses are set along tree-lined dirt tracks which preserve its rustic feel. With gentrification, hippy cafés have been replaced with designer clothing stores, but it’s still the place for summer nightlife, with new “it” clubs, bars and restaurants springing up each year. One kilometre from the famous undulating bridge connecting Punta with La Barra, you’ll find the frankly bizarre Museo del Mar & Insectario (well signposted; daily 10.30am–5.30pm/8.30pm; UR$160; 42771817, museodelmar.com.uy), whose intriguing collection of marine artefacts includes a mind-boggling array of seashells, insects, and a 19m whale skeleton.

The Rough Guide to France (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Aug 2019

Quartier Latin South of the river, the Rive Gauche (Left Bank) has long maintained an “alternative” identity, opposed to the formal ambience of the Right Bank. Generally understood to describe the 5e and 6e arrondissements, the Left Bank was at the heart of les évènements, the revolutionary political “events” of May 1968. Since that infamous summer, however, gentrification has transformed the artists’ garrets and beatnik cafés into designer pads and top-end restaurants, and the legend is only really kept alive by the student population of the Quartier Latin – so-called for the learned Latin of the medieval scholars who first settled here, or possibly for the abundant Roman ruins.