household responsibility system

The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations?

by Ian Bremmer  · 12 May 2010  · 247pp  · 68,918 words

on highly attractive terms. Success in these zones led to the creation of many more. The state abandoned hopelessly inefficient collective farming and created a “household responsibility” system that allowed farmers who had fulfilled their production quotas to sell any extra produce at market prices. Agricultural yields exploded. Deng and Zhao developed other

The Cold War: A World History

by Odd Arne Westad  · 4 Sep 2017  · 846pp  · 250,145 words

first steps, beyond allowing small-scale private enterprise in trade and services, was to decollectivize agriculture. He dissolved the People’s Communes and introduced a household responsibility system. This meant that families were allocated a plot of land from which they had to deliver a set output to the state, but were free

The Undercover Economist: Exposing Why the Rich Are Rich, the Poor Are Poor, and Why You Can Never Buy a Decent Used Car

by Tim Harford  · 15 Mar 2006  · 389pp  · 98,487 words

doing things because they were rewarded directly for their successes. Crop yields immediately increased. The experiment spread: just 1 percent of collectives had used the “household responsibility system” in 1979; by 1983 98 percent had switched to the system. These reforms were linked with a number of other pieces of liberalization: the retail

China's Disruptors: How Alibaba, Xiaomi, Tencent, and Other Companies Are Changing the Rules of Business

by Edward Tse  · 13 Jul 2015  · 233pp  · 64,702 words

the de facto leader of the country. The first reforms under this new regime took place in the countryside. Under what became known as the “Household Responsibility System,” farmers, once they had met various contractual obligations to sell a share of their produce to the state, were free to sell everything else they

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Depot, 180 Honda, 133 Honeywell, 190, 192, 196 Hong Kong, 68, 214, 223–24 Hong Kong Stock Exchange, 68, 86, 177 hospitals, 154–56, 212 Household Responsibility System, 43 Huang Guangyu, 13 Huang Nubo, 45, 63, 168 Huawei Technologies, 11, 20, 43–44, 47, 54, 60, 67, 75, 84, 89, 122, 128, 136

The Long Good Buy: Analysing Cycles in Markets

by Peter Oppenheimer  · 3 May 2020  · 333pp  · 76,990 words

, about this time China was also beginning to open up its economy and embark on reforms. Following the landmark 1978 Chinese reforms that started the ‘household responsibility system’ in the countryside, giving some farmers ownership of their products for the first time, the first ‘special economic zone’ was formed in Shenzhen in 1980

Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World

by Joshua B. Freeman  · 27 Feb 2018  · 538pp  · 145,243 words

obligations of the collective farm. After Mao’s death, communal farms were broken up, with small parcels of land leased to individual farmers under the “household responsibility system,” which allowed them to sell produce exceeding quotas on the open market. Initially, the new system brought a rapid boost to the rural standard of

Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy

by Francis Fukuyama  · 29 Sep 2014  · 828pp  · 232,188 words

frequently trumps, the interests of the line ministries headquartered in Beijing. Most Western observers focus on the reform’s creation of market incentives through the household responsibility system, which decollectivized agriculture and allowed peasants to keep a much larger proportion of their output. They also point to the creation of four special economic

Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century

by Christian Caryl  · 30 Oct 2012  · 780pp  · 168,782 words

. When one village has it, the whole country will be infected.”20 In 1979, by one estimate, 10 percent of Anhui Province was practicing the household-responsibility system. In June 1979, after paying a visit to Fengyang County to see the results for himself, Wan Li approved the expansion of the program to

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individual initiative into full play.” He may have actually regarded the measure as an intermediate step on the way toward full-scale revival of the household-responsibility system. In 1979 he then allowed some production teams in the province to break work groups down into individual families. The measures sparked political resistance from

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where the most important experiments were under way, the people in Mosher’s remote Guangdong village had already picked up on the spread of the household-responsibility system, and he succeeded in capturing a nice snapshot of the spirit that, once unleashed, would soon lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty

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, where the overwhelming majority of the Chinese lived. By October 1981, 45 percent of the agricultural production teams in China had gone over to the household-responsibility system. By the end of 1983, 98 percent of all the teams in the country (equaling 94 percent of the farming households) had adopted the new

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could easily feed themselves and still have plenty of food left over for export. Du Runsheng—a leading reformer who first proposed returning to the household-responsibility system back in 1978, when it still seemed nearly unthinkable—watched with satisfaction as peasants took advantage of the new freedoms offered by the reforms in

Age of the City: Why Our Future Will Be Won or Lost Together

by Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin  · 21 Jun 2023  · 248pp  · 73,689 words

in earnest at the close of the 1970s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. First for reform was agriculture, where land was decollectivized and the ‘Household Responsibility System’ was introduced, shifting responsibility for profits and losses back to farmers. This set the foundations for a rapid acceleration in improvements in cereal yields, as

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cereal production here civil strife here and Covid-19 pandemic here Cultural Revolution here definition of cities here economic liberalization here entry into WTO here Household Responsibility System here hukou system here One Child Policy here Open Coastal Cities here per capita emissions here rapid ageing here Special Economic Zones here technology here

Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty

by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson  · 20 Mar 2012  · 547pp  · 172,226 words

that, from then on, the focus of the party would be not class struggle but economic modernization. The plenum announced some tentative experiments with a “household responsibility system” in some provinces, which was an attempt to roll back collective agriculture and introduce economic incentives into farming. By the next year, the Central Committee

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the state, they launched a series of further changes in economic institutions. They began in agriculture: By 1983, following the ideas of Hu Qiaomu, the household responsibility system, which would provide economic incentives to farmers, was universally adopted. In 1985 the mandatory state purchasing of grain was abandoned and replaced by a system

Meat: A Benign Extravagance

by Simon Fairlie  · 14 Jun 2010  · 614pp  · 176,458 words

The Third Pillar: How Markets and the State Leave the Community Behind

by Raghuram Rajan  · 26 Feb 2019  · 596pp  · 163,682 words

Capitalism, Alone: The Future of the System That Rules the World

by Branko Milanovic  · 23 Sep 2019