hybrid work

The Nowhere Office: Reinventing Work and the Workplace of the Future
by Julia Hobsbawm
Published 11 Apr 2022

‘Number of Smartphones Sold to End Users Worldwide from 2007 to 2021 (in Million Units)’, Statista, February 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/263437/global-smartphone-sales-to-end-users-since-2007/ 5. 2021 Work Trend Index: Annual Report, The Next Great Disruption is Hybrid Work – Are We Ready?, 22 March 2021, https://ms-worklab.azureedge.net/files/reports/hybridWork/pdf/2021_Microsoft_WTI_Report_March.pdf 6. See also Ria Patel, ‘Arup’s New Hybrid Work Model Allows 6,000 UK Employees to Choose Their Working Days Across a Seven-Day Week in New Era for Flexibly Working’, Arup, 20 May 2021, https://www.arup.com/news-and-events/arups-new-hybrid-work-model-allows-6000-uk-employees-to-choose-their-working-days 7. Sara Bean, ‘Digital Mobility to Work Anytime, Anywhere is Key to Job Satisfaction’, Workplace Insight, 26 May 2016, https://workplaceinsight.net/ability-work-anytime-anywhere-now-key-job-satisfaction/ 8.

…

Talent is the new frontier, and you can create a new identity culture in this new nowhere quite successfully, it turns out. Unequal Identity Collaborative identity, according to Sarah and Sanjay, is the next big thing. And I don’t doubt it. Yet the politics of power and identity are never far away in the new world of hybrid working. As Sir Vince Cable, former UK business secretary, put it: Hybrid working is unquestionably reinforcing the dividing line between the new labour aristocracy of professionals and senior managers and the proletariat of ‘necessary’ workers, digitally challenged and others lacking educational certificates and contacts. The world is becoming more divided with the labour aristocracy working harder and more enthusiastically because creativity and the exercise of authority are satisfying, and others are working harder because they have to.

…

Michael Gibbs, Friederike Mengel, and Christoph Siemroth, ‘Work from Home & Productivity: Evidence from Personnel & Analytics Data on IT Professionals’, Becker Friedman Institute, 13 July 2021, https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/2021-56/ 5. See Microsoft Work Trend Index 2021, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/worklab/work-trend-index/hybrid-work; and the report itself, The Next Great Disruption is Hybrid Work – Are We Ready, 22 March 2021, https://ms-worklab.azureedge.net/files/reports/hybridWork/pdf/2021_Microsoft_WTI_Report_March.pdf 6. Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, ‘Why Working from Home Will Stick’, National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2021, https://www.nber.org/papers/w28731 7.

Age of the City: Why Our Future Will Be Won or Lost Together
by Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin
Published 21 Jun 2023

Index abortion here abstract mathematics here Achaemenid Empire here Adani, Gautam here agglomeration effects here agriculture here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and carbon emissions here and disease here, here productivity here, here vertical farming here Ahmedabad here air-conditioning here, here airports here, here, here, here Albuquerque here Alexandria here Allen, Paul here Allen, Thomas here Altrincham here Amazon here, here, here Amazon rainforest here Amsterdam here Anatolia here Anderson, Benedict here Anheuser-Busch here antibiotics here, here, here Antonine Plague here Anyang here apartment conversions here, here Apple here, here, here Aristotle here Arizona State University here Arlington here Assyrian merchants here Athens, Ancient here, here, here, here, here, here Atlanta here, here Austin here, here, here automation here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here axial precession here Baghdad, House of Wisdom here Baltimore here, here Bangalore here, here Bangkok here Bangladesh here, here, here, here Barlow, John Perry here Bauhaus here Beijing here, here Belmar redevelopment here Berkes, Enrico here Berlin here, here, here Berlin Wall, fall of here Bezos, Jeff here biological weapons here ‘biophilia’ here biospheres here bird flu here Birmingham here, here Black Death here, here, here Blake, William here Bloom, Nick here BMW here ‘bobo’ (bourgeois bohemian) here, here, here Boccaccio, Giovanni here Boeing here, here, here Bogota here Bologna here Bonfire of the Vanities here Borneo here Boston here, here, here Boston University here, here Brand, Stewart here Brazil here, here Brexit here, here, here Bristol here Britain broadcasting here deindustrialization here education here enclosure movement here foreign aid here high-speed rail here, here house prices here immigration here industrialization here, here infant mortality here ‘levelling up’ here life expectancy here mayoralties here per capita emissions here per capita incomes here remote working here social housing here Brixton riots here broadcasting here Bronze Age here, here, here, here bronze, and shift to iron here Brooks, David here Brynjolfsson, Eric here Burgess, Ernest here bushmeat here, here Byzantine Empire, fall of here Cairncross, Frances here Cairo here calendar, invention of here Cambridge, Massachusetts here Cambridge University here canals here, here, here ‘cancel culture’ here Cape Town here Catholic Church here C40 Cities partnership here Chadwick, Edwin here Chang’an (Xi’an) here, here, here, here Charles, Prince of Wales here charter cities here Chengdu here Chiba here Chicago here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here childbirth, average age at here childcare here, here, here, here, here China here ancient here, here, here, here call-centre workers here cereal production here civil strife here and Covid-19 pandemic here Cultural Revolution here definition of cities here economic liberalization here entry into WTO here Household Responsibility System here hukou system here One Child Policy here Open Coastal Cities here per capita emissions here rapid ageing here Special Economic Zones here technology here urbanization here China Towns here Chinese Communist Party here cholera here, here, here, here Chongqing here cities, definition of here Citigroup here city networks here civil wars here Cleveland here, here, here, here climate change here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here coastal cities here, here, here, here commuting here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Concentric Zone Model here Confucius here conspiracy theories here Constantinople here, here containerization here, here Copenhagen here, here Corinth here Cornwall here corruption here Coventry here, here covid-19 see pandemics crime rates here ‘cyberbalkanization’ here cycling here, here, here, here Damascus here Dark Ages here, here data science here de Soto, Hernando here deforestation here, here, here, here Delhi here Dell here Delphic oracle here democracy here, here, here Democratic Republic of Congo here, here, here, here, here, here Deng Xiaoping here dengue fever here Denmark here, here Detroit here, here, here, here, here, here, here Dhaka here, here, here, here, here Dharavi here Diana, Princess of Wales here diasporas here, here Dickens, Charles here district heating systems here Dresden here drought here, here, here, here, here, here, here Drucker, Peter here dual-income households here, here Dubai here, here, here Dunbar, Kevin here Düsseldorf here East Antarctic ice sheet here East China Sea here, here Easterly, William here Eastern Mediterranean here, here, here Ebola here Edinburgh here education here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here higher education here, here, here, here; see also universities Japanese school system here Egypt here, here Ancient here, here, here, here Ehrenhalt, Alan here electric vehicles (EVs) here Engels, Friedrich here Enlightenment here Epic of Gilgamesh here Erfurt here Ethiopia here, here Euripides here European Enlightenment here exchange rates here Facebook here, here, here fake news here famine here, here fertility rates here, here, here ‘15-minute city’ principle here Fischer, Claude here Fleming, Alexander here flooding here, here, here, here, here, here, here Florida, Richard here, here food shortages here Ford, Henry here, here foreign aid here fossil fuels here, here France here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Frankfurt here Franklin, Benjamin here Friedman, Thomas here, here Fryer, Roland here Fukuoka here, here Gaetani, Ruben here Galileo Galilei here Ganges River here Garden Cities here Garden of Eden here Gates, Bill here, here gay community here General Electric here General Motors here genetic engineering here gentrification here, here, here, here, here George, Andy here Germany here, here, here, here, here, here Gingrich, Newt here glaciers here Glasgow here Glass, Ruth here global financial crisis here, here, here global population, size of here globalization here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Goldstein, Amy here Google here, here, here Goos, Maarten here Grant, Adam here Great Depression here, here Greece, Ancient here, here, here, here, here Griffith Observatory here Gropius, Walter here Gruen, Victor here Gulf Stream here Haiti here Hamburg here Hanseatic League here, here Harappa here, here Harry, Prince here Harvard University here hate speech here Haussmann, Baron here, here Hawaii here Hazlitt, William here healthcare here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here heatwaves here, here Hebei here Heckscher, Eli here Herodotus here Himalayas here Hippocrates here Hippodamus here Hittite Empire here HIV here, here Ho Chi Minh City here Holocene here, here, here homophily here Hong Kong here house prices here, here, here, here, here, here, here Houston here, here, here Howard, Ebenezer here Hudson River here Hugo, Victor here Hume, David here Hurricane Katrina here hybrid working, see remote and hybrid working ice melting here, here import substitution industrialization here InBev here India here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here fertility rates here Indonesia here, here Indus River here Indus Valley here, here, here inequality here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here infant and child mortality here, here, here, here influenza here, here, here ‘information cocoons’ here Instagram here internet here, here, here, here, here, here invention here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here irrigation here, here, here, here Italy here Jacobs, Jane here, here, here Jakarta here, here James, Sheila here Japan here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here post-war development here schooling system here Jenner, Edward here Jesus Christ here Jobs, Steve here jobs apprenticeships here ‘lousy’ and ‘lovely’ here tradeable and non-tradeable here Justinian Plague here Kashmir here Kenya here Kinshasa here, here Kish here knowledge workers here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Koch, Robert here Kolkata here Korean War here Krugman, Paul here Kushim Tablet here Lagash here Lagos here, here, here, here, here, here, here Lahore here land titling programmes here Las Vegas here Latin language here Lee Kuan Yew here, here Leeds here, here Leicester here Leipzig here, here, here, here Letchworth here life expectancy here, here, here, here, here, here Liverpool here, here Ljubljana here London here, here, here, here, here, here, here bike lanes here Canary Wharf here, here Chelsea here, here, here China Town here cholera outbreaks here City of London here, here coffeehouses here and Covid-19 pandemic here financial services here gentrification here, here, here Great Stink here, here heatwaves here, here house prices here, here hybrid working here, here immigration here, here incomes here, here mayoralty here migration into inner London here population growth here, here, here poverty here, here public transport here, here, here slum housing here social housing here suburbanization here Los Angeles here, here, here, here Louisville here Luoyang here Luther, Martin here Luton Airport here Luxembourg here, here Lyon here McDonald’s here McDonnell Douglas here McLuhan, Marshall here Madagascar here malaria here, here, here, here Malaysia here Mali here malls, reinvention of here Manchester here, here, here, here, here, here, here Manila here Manning, Alan here Markle, Meghan here marriage here Marshall, Alfred here Marshall, Tim here Marx, Karl here Maya here, here measles here, here, here Meetup here mega regions here Mekong River here Memphis, Egypt here, here Mesoamerica here, here Mesopotamia here, here, here metallurgy here metaverse here methane here, here Mexico here Miami here, here, here microbiology here Microsoft here, here, here middle class, rise of here migration policy here millennial generation here Milwaukee here, here Minoan civilization here Mistry, Rohinton here MIT here MMR vaccine here ‘modernization’ theory here Mohenjo-Daro here, here Moretti, Enrico here, here mortality rates here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here motor car, invention of here Moynihan, Daniel here Mumbai here, here Mumford, Lewis here, here, here, here Munich here, here Mycenaean civilization here Nagoya here, here Nairobi here Nashville here National Landing, Arlington here Natural History Museum here natural resource exports here Nestlé here Netherlands here network effects here New Economics Foundation here New Orleans here, here New York here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here carbon emissions here and Covid-19 pandemic here gentrification here, here housing here, here, here incomes here, here Manhattan here, here, here, here, here population growth here, here and rising sea levels here slum housing here suburbanization here, here subway here waste and recycling here New York Central Railroad here New York World Fair here Newcastle here Nextdoor here Niger here Nigeria here, here, here, here Nilles, Jack here, here Nipah virus here Norway here, here Nottingham here Novgorod here ocean and air circulation here office rental and sales prices here Ohlin, Bertil here Oldenburg, Ray here online deliveries here OpenTable here Osaka here, here Oslo here Ottoman Empire here Oxford, population of here Oxford University here Pacific Belt Zone here Padua here Pakistan here, here, here pandemics here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and zoonotic diseases here paramyxovirus here Paris here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Paris Conference (2015) here Park Chung-hee, General here parks here Pasteur, Louis here Pearl River Delta here, here Peñalosa, Enrique here per capita income here Philadelphia here Philippines here, here Phoenix here, here Pixar here plague here, here, here, here Plato here plough, invention of here pollution here, here, here, here air pollution here, here, here, here population growth here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here PORTL here potter’s wheel, invention of here printing press here, here productivity here, here, here, here, here agricultural here, here Protestantism, rise of here public transport here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Putnam, Robert here, here quarantine here railways here, here, here, here, here high-speed rail here, here, here Ralston Purina here Reagan, Ronald here recycling here, here religion here remote and hybrid working here, here, here, here Renaissance Florence here, here, here renewable energy here, here Republic of Letters here République des Hyper Voisins here ‘resource curse’ here Rheingold, Howard here Ricardo, David here Rio de Janeiro here Riverside, San Francisco here robotics here Rockefeller, John D. here Roman Empire here, here, here Rome, Ancient here, here, here, here, here, here Romer, Paul here Rotterdam here Rousseau, Jean-Jacques here, here Sahel here, here sailboat, invention of here St Augustine here St Louis here, here, here Salesforce here San Diego here San Francisco here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here gentrification here, here hybrid working here, here San Francisco Bay Area here, here, here Santa Fe here São Paulo here Savonarola, Girolamo here Scientific American here Scott, Emmett J. here sea levels, rising here, here, here Seattle here, here, here, here, here, here Second Opium War here Seneca here Seoul here Shanghai here, here, here, here, here Shantou here Sheffield here, here, here Shen Nung here Shenzhen here, here Siemens here Silk Roads here, here Sinclair, Upton here Singapore here, here, here, here Slater, Samuel here smallpox here, here Smith, Adam here, here Snow, John here social capital here social housing here, here social media here, here, here, here, here Socrates here solar panels here South Africa here South Korea here, here, here, here, here, here Southdale Center here specialization here, here, here, here, here, here Spengler, Oswald here Starbucks here Stephenson, Neal here Stewart, General William here Stuttgart here Sub-Saharan Africa here subsidiarity principle here suburbanization here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here Sunstein, Cass here Sweden here, here Sydney here, here, here, here, here, here Syrian refugees here, here Taiwan here Tanzania here telegraph here Tempest, Kae here Thailand here Thames River here, here Thatcher, Margaret here, here, here ‘third places’ here Tianjin here Tocqueville, Alexis de here Toffler, Alvin here Tokyo here, here, here, here trade liberalization here trade routes here Trump, Donald here, here tuberculosis here, here, here Twain, Mark here Twitter here, here typhoid here, here typhus here, here Uber here Uganda here Ukraine here, here Umayyad Caliphate here unemployment here, here United Nations here, here United States anti-global populism here anti-trust regulation and industrial consolidation here anxiety and depression here broadcasting here car registrations here cost of education here decline in trust here deindustrialization here Gilded Age here Great Migration here house prices here, here immigration here industrialization here inequality here labour mobility here ‘magnet schools’ here parking spaces here patent filings here per capita emissions here, here per capita incomes here remote working here, here, here return on equity here Rust Belt here schools funding here slavery here socioeconomic mobility here suburbanization here tax revenues here US Federal Housing Authority here US General Social Survey here US Trade Adjustment Assistance Program here universities here, here, here University College London here University of Texas here university-educated professionals here Ur here urban heat island effect here urbanism, subcultural theory of here Uruk here, here, here, here, here vaccines here, here Van Alstyne, Marshall here Vancouver here Venice here, here Vienna here, here Vietnam here voluntary associations here, here Wakefield, Andrew here walking here, here, here Wall Street here Warwick University here Washington University here WELL, The here Welwyn Garden City here wheel, invention of here wildfires here, here William the Conqueror here Wilson, Edward Osborne here, here Wilson, William here World Bank here, here World Health organization here World Trade Organization here World Wide Web here writing, invention of here Wuhan here, here Xiamen here Yangtze River here, here Yangtze River Delta here yellow fever here Yellow River here, here Yersinia pestis here Yokohama here YouTube here, here Yu the Great here Zhuhai here Zoom here Zoroastrianism here BLOOMSBURY CONTINUUM Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY CONTINUUM and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc This electronic edition first published in Great Britain 2023 Copyright © Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin 2023 Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work All rights reserved.

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And workplaces are pillars of the community, bringing together people from many different walks of life and helping to combat isolation and loneliness. A society without dynamic cities would be less productive, less cohesive and less fulfilled. Our argument in this book is that, with the right initiative, the transition to hybrid work offers a window of opportunity to transform cities for the better. While much of this book focuses on the cities of the developed world, we also offer readers a global perspective. The growth in the share of the world’s population living in cities in recent decades has been driven almost entirely by developing countries, which now account for most of the world’s urban-dwelling population.

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Some workers and some companies have opted for the binary extremes of fully remote or fully in-person, but we expect hybrid arrangements will continue to solidify as the preferred model, as companies look to find the right balance between the upsides and downsides of working away from the office. What will this mean for cities? Hybrid Cities During the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic a significant share of office workers fled to the suburbs. This led a number of commentators to predict that the shift to hybrid working would lead to a permanent flight from inner urban areas in favour of the suburban and exurban periphery. If a worker only needs to commute to the office a few days a week, the optimal distance that balances the cost and inconvenience of commuting with the money saved from lower house prices further from the city shifts the balance in favour of the suburbs, or so the theory goes.

Ignition!: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants
by John Drury Clark
Published 14 Jun 1972

For it had become devastatingly clear that nobody knew how a solid fuel burned. Did it evaporate, and then burn in the vapor phase? Or was a solid-state reaction involved? Or what? There were lots of questions, and very few answers, and hybrid work languished for some years. Only the Navy, at NOTS, kept at it, trying to learn some of the answers. The revival started in 1959 when Lockheed, with an Army contract, started hybrid work. In 1961 ARPA got into hybrids in a big way, and by 1963 there were at least seven hybrid programs going. I was greatly amused by the behavior of each new contractor as it got into the act. The pattern was invariable.

…

Nitrous oxide can decompose exothermically into oxygen and nitrogen, as peroxide does to oxygen and steam, and can thus act as a monopropellant, but the experimenters wanted to get extra energy from the combustion of the carbon by the oxygen formed. When they surrendered to the Americans at the end of the war, they assured their captors that just a little more engineering work was needed to make the system work properly. Actually some twenty years elapsed before anybody could make a hybrid work. Meanwhile, back at the ranch— The most striking thing about propellant research in the United States during the war years is how closely it paralleled that in Germany. True, there was no American A-4, and high strength hydrogen peroxide was unobtainable in this country, but the other developments were closely similar.

…

The system was just too precious to work. Much more important, in the long run, was some of the work at UTC, who had a Navy contract to investigate the basic mechanism of hybrid combustion. (This, of course, should have been done at least ten years earlier, and before a lot of money had been sunk into hybrid work. But it’s always easier to get money for engineering than for fundamental research. Don’t ask me why.) Most of this work was done with a simplified model of a hybrid motor, consisting of a flat slab of fuel with the oxidizer flowing across its surface, the whole in a transparent chamber so that the investigators could see what was happening, and take pictures of it.

Slow Productivity: The Lost Art of Accomplishment Without Burnout
by Cal Newport
Published 5 Mar 2024

For those who do not use LinkedIn and therefore cannot access the original post, a reproduction of his six resolutions can be found here as well: Alema Ljuca, “Heart Attack Survivor Shares New Life Resolutions and It Goes Viral,” Medium, June 16, 2021, http://medium.com/better-advice/heart-attack-survivor-shares-new-life-resolutions-from-his-hospital-bed-5c7fd1aab2d8 [inactive]. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “The digital intensity”: Work Trend Index Annual Report: The Next Great Disruption Is Hybrid Work—Are We Ready?, Microsoft, March 22, 2021, microsoft.com/en-us/worklab/work-trend-index/hybrid-work. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “and decisions start to drag”: Cal Newport, “Why Remote Work Is So Hard—and How It Can Be Fixed,” New Yorker, May 26, 2020, newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-inquiry/can-remote-work-be-fixed. GO TO NOTE REFERENCE IN TEXT “Here was a problem”: Simon Singh, Fermat’s Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World’s Greatest Mathematical Problem (New York: Anchor Books, 1997), 6.

Remote Work Revolution: Succeeding From Anywhere
by Tsedal Neeley
Published 14 Oct 2021

See also global teams agile remote teams and, 89, 107 cultural differences in, 78–79 digital tools for, 64 history of, 46 interaction norms of, 9–10, 13, 145 internal social media tools and, 80 launch sessions and, 3 location challenge and, 135–36 productivity and, 46–47, 52 resources and, 8 subgroups of, 136 work routines and, xvi, xvii Dorsey, Jack, xiii Edmondson, Amy, 13 efficiency, 69, 74, 99 emails communication and, 61–62, 63, 64, 65, 77, 105 cultural differences and, 78, 79 mutual knowledge problem and, 66–67 empathy psychological distance reduced by, 117, 127, 129 reflected knowledge and, 31–32, 38 employee performance, in remote work programs, xiii, 134, 143, 149 engagement challenge in leadership, 134, 144–48, 149 linguistic differences and, 122–23, 128–29 rules of engagement, 119, 124 Facebook, xii face-to-face interactions agile teams and, 87, 88, 89, 92, 96, 98, 101 cultural differences and, 79 daily stand-up meetings and, 103–4 direct knowledge and, 30 emotional trust and, 34, 37 engagement challenge and, 147 leaner to richer media and, 72–73 social presence problem and, 67–69, 83 team cohesion and, 56 transition time and, 63 trust and, xiv, 21, 23, 27 work hours and, 105 facilitating, mutual teaching, 126, 127–28 faultlines, in team cohesion, 138–42 federal government, remote work format for, 49–50 feedback anonymous feedback, 106 flexibility, of agile teams, 87, 90 flexibility of remote workers productivity and, 40, 46–47, 51–52, 58 work-family conflicts and, 54 Foroughi, Cirrus, 49 framing the situation, for global crises, 153, 156, 160–63, 164, 172 Frei, Frances, 133–34 Gantt, Henry, 86 Gartner, Inc. xii gender, faultlines of, 138, 139 geographical proximity, xiv, 136, 169 geographic isolates, 136, 148 geography, as variable in faultlines, 138 global crises action exercises, 187–89 country-of-origin effect and, 153, 158–60 COVID-19 as, 152, 153, 169–71 framing the situation, 153, 156, 160–63, 164, 172 generating solutions with diverse minds, 163–67, 168, 169 immediate action for, 156, 167–69, 172 leadership responses to, xv, 152, 156, 169–72 panoramic awareness development, 156–58, 161, 172 ripple effect on business environment, 151–53 VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) and, 153–56, 157 Global Leadership Aptitude, 156 global teams action exercises, 184–85 agile teams and, 89, 92 ambiguity in challenges, 155 causes of failure in performance, 111–14 collaboration and, xiv cross-cultural mutual adaptation and, 120, 121, 124–28 cultural differences and, 78–79, 109–10, 114, 120–21, 124–28 growth in, xi–xii, xv, xvii inclusive conversations in meetings, 121–24 internal social media tools and, 80 leadership of, 111–14, 120, 121–28 leveraging positive differences, 119–21, 129 linguistic differences and, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117–24, 128–29 psychological distance and, 111, 116, 121, 126, 127 Google, 96 Google Chat, xi Google Docs, 102 group culture, for virtual interactions, 32 Groupe PSA, xiii group-level identity, 141–42, 148 Hackman, J. Richard, 3–4, 40, 43–45, 50–51 Hawkins, Eric, 95, 96–99 HCL Technologies, xiii Hemingway, Ernest, 58 high-touch jobs, 58 hybrid work structure, 4, 39, 65, 99, 135, 169 Iceland, 162 identities group-level identity, 141–42, 148 multifaceted nature of, 54 immediacy digital tools for, 65 social presence problem and, 68–69, 84 immediate action, for global crises, 156, 167–69, 172 individual differences, 144, 146 individual growth productivity and, 45–46, 50–51 team performance and, 44–45 individual roles appreciation of individual contributions, 15, 16, 17 contributions and constraints, 5, 7–8, 17 productivity and, 45–46, 50–51 informal daily interactions interaction norms and, 9–10, 11, 12 trust and, 21, 32, 33 Infosys, xiii ING, 91–92 in-person interactions.

Tomorrow's Capitalist: My Search for the Soul of Business
by Alan Murray
Published 15 Dec 2022

“But my duality went beyond growing up in two cultures; it was also about being a mom and an executive trying to balance short term and long term in my business dealings, performance, and purpose. It was duality all through my life—balancing and juggling. And the thing that surprised me while I was in my final years at PepsiCo, and most certainly now, post-PepsiCo, is all the talk about the future of work, the future of offices. Everyone talks about hybrid work, automation, remote work, technology, disruption. But the word family and helping young families and women balance family and work seems to be absent.” This pains Nooyi because we need women in the workforce. “Women are getting all the top degrees—they are wicked smart. They are graduating in larger numbers.

Transport for Humans: Are We Nearly There Yet?
by Pete Dyson and Rory Sutherland
Published 15 Jan 2021

But one thing hasn’t changed: across the world, emissions from transport are growing faster than those from any other sector.31 We cannot yet know exactly how all this will affect transport planning. Uncertainty over economic performance and global supply chains is affecting both travel demand and travel supply through disruption to energy, fuel, construction, car manufacture and distribution. Hybrid working might be evenly spread across the week, but if everyone takes advantage of work-from-home Fridays and sticks to the same start and finish times, transport will suffer continued peak-time demand troubles. The size of chain is large, but it is not gargantuan. UK researchers estimate that even if every person who used to commute by car and worked from home during Covid lockdowns were to continue to do so for two days a week, then morning car trips would be cut by only 14%32 – that is a similar reduction to those seen in a typical school half-term holiday.

The Future Is Analog: How to Create a More Human World
by David Sax
Published 15 Jan 2022

People would be expected to come into work one other day each week, and they could work wherever they liked the other three days: office, home, boat—you name it. “I’d like people to work when they want to, when it feels good to,” Hutchinson said, but he also acknowledged that this hybrid would be an experiment, as likely to result in a “car crash” of chaos as a harmonious balance. In reality, hybrid work presents a scheduling nightmare. How do you decide which teams and individuals have to come into the office on which days, and how do you coordinate that across a company with twenty-five people, let alone one with hundreds or thousands? Hybrid presents the promise of freedom and serendipity, but to function, it relies on a highly programmed, mind-bendingly impossible ballet of choreographing humans perfectly through time and space.

Ghost Road: Beyond the Driverless Car
by Anthony M. Townsend
Published 15 Jun 2020

The nonroutine, cognitive work of economics research turned out to have strong complementarities indeed, much to the benefit of Carl Benedikt Frey of Oxford University. A dozen years after the task-model paper was first published, Frey’s group harnessed machine learning to vastly improve the depth and breadth of its predictions. Their hybrid work of human-machine collaboration involved two steps. First, working with AI experts from Oxford’s engineering school, Frey and his team combed through a mass of job descriptions in O*NET, a database detailing the various tasks involved in more than 700 types of jobs. Working with a sample of 70 occupations, the panel assigned each task a subjective “automatability” score ranging from 0 (not automatable) to 1 (fully automatable).

Docker in Action
by Jeff Nickoloff and Stephen Kuenzli
Published 10 Dec 2019

Because both the MySQL and WordPress containers already use startup scripts, it’s appropriate to simply set the restart policy for each in an updated version of the example script. Running startup scripts as PID 1 is problematic when the script fails to meet the expectations that Linux has for init systems. Depending on your use case, you might find that one approach or a hybrid works best. With that final modification, you’ve built a complete WordPress site-provisioning system and learned the basics of container management with Docker. It has taken considerable experimentation. Your computer is likely littered with several containers that you no longer need. To reclaim the resources that those containers are using, you need to stop them and remove them from your system. 2.6.

The Geek Way: The Radical Mindset That Drives Extraordinary Results
by Andrew McAfee
Published 14 Nov 2023

It also suggests something more powerful: that HubSpot actually had in place the norms of openness described in its Culture Code. Rangan joined HubSpot as its chief customer officer in January of 2020 and took over from Halligan as the company’s CEO in September of 2021. Her time at the top at HubSpot has been marked by deep change and uncertainty: the COVID pandemic forced the company to adopt fully remote and then hybrid work, and its stock price plummeted as investors soured on technology companies. Between September 1, 2021, and December 1, 2022, HubSpot’s market capitalization shrank by more than half. I asked Rangan what effect all these challenges had on HubSpot’s culture. She answered that they increased the importance of openness: With the macroeconomic environment changing, and with the market volatility that is happening, sometimes we as a leadership team don’t know what trajectory we’re on.

The Future of Technology
by Tom Standage
Published 31 Aug 2005

(There is no petrol version of the Prius, so the car makes a statement in a way that the Honda Civic, which is available in both petrol and hybrid versions, does not.) It is the first hybrid to become a hit. Hybrid anatomy There is more to the Prius than clever marketing, however. To understand why, it is necessary to look under the bonnet at the way different kinds of hybrids work – for not all hybrids are the same. The simplest kind is the “stop-start” or “micro” hybrid, which is not generally regarded as a true hybrid because it relies solely on an internal-combustion engine for propulsion. As the “stop-start” name implies, the engine shuts off when the vehicle comes to a halt.

User Friendly: How the Hidden Rules of Design Are Changing the Way We Live, Work & Play
by Cliff Kuang and Robert Fabricant
Published 7 Nov 2019

So whenever a driver braked, the needle of the battery gauge tracked rightward toward an area of green, showing that the battery was charging. That feedback turned out to be disastrous. Eager to see their batteries being charged, drivers would mash the brake and watch the charging needle spike toward green. But hybrids work best when braking is slow, which allows the power from the spinning axles to be efficiently diverted. Hoping to create a display showing how much energy the car was saving, Ford had instead encouraged drivers to behave more wastefully. Ford’s engineers didn’t yet know how they would teach drivers that the savings they might achieve were due to the subtly different ways the car responded under acceleration and braking.

The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone
by Brian Merchant
Published 19 Jun 2017

They put a white piece of printer paper over the touchpad, and the touchscreen simulation was complete. Clearly, it wasn’t perfect. “You got a bit of a shadow from your fingers,” Bas Ording says, but it was enough. “We could start exploring what we could do with multitouch.” The Mac/projector/touchpad/paper hybrid worked—barely—but they also needed to customize the software if they were going to experiment with the touch dynamics in earnest, and put their own spin on the interface. That’s where Josh Strickon came in. “I was writing a lot of the processing algorithms for doing the finger detection,” Strickon says, as well as “glue software” that gave them access to multitouch data generated by the experiments.

Retrofitting Suburbia, Updated Edition: Urban Design Solutions for Redesigning Suburbs
by Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson
Published 23 Mar 2011

The incorporation of relatively dense urban housing, public spaces, and abundant retail and restaurants into suburban areas formerly limited solely to commercial or industrial activity deliberately blurs the physical boundaries between living, working, and playing. Instead of the compartmentalized worlds of the corporate Organization Man, today’s mix of uses supports the fluid, hybrid work styles of the growing creative class. Live-work lofts, Wi-Fi networks in coffee shops, and spaces for casual and formal networking, from dog runs to power lunches, accommodate this class’s redefinition of work as the exchange and creation of ideas and its permeation into all the hours and spaces of the day.

Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide
by Henry Jenkins
Published 31 Jul 2006

Even if the books bomb in India, however, they have generated a great deal of interest among Western comic fans. W e might describe The Animatrix, the Mangaverse, and Spider-Man: India in terms of corporate hybridity. Hybridity occurs when one cultural space—in this case, a national media industry— absorbs and transforms elements from another; a hybrid work thus exists betwixt and between two cultural traditions while providing a path that can be explored from both directions. Hybridity has often been discussed as a strategy of the dispossessed as they struggle to resist or reshape the flow of Western media into their culture— taking materials imposed from the outside but making them their own.

Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right
by Jennifer Burns
Published 18 Oct 2009

Its hero is a principled criminal with a complicated love life, and the plot culminates in a trial that affords the airing of philosophical views. Rand did what she could to improve the characterization of Roark, sharpening and defining his sense of individualism as the novel progressed.36 But with a deadline looming, structural changes were impossible. The Fountainhead is ultimately a hybrid work that caught Rand in transition from one set of intellectual interests to another. Along with deleting Vesta, Rand worked to purge the manuscript of her previous fixation on Nietzsche. In the first version of the manuscript she prefaced each of the four sections with an aphorism from Beyond Good and Evil.

Track Changes
by Matthew G. Kirschenbaum
Published 1 May 2016

Although the language of labor is inescapable in any number of testimonials about the efficacy of word processing (in particular where revision is concerned), it is clear that for many authors other forms of work arose in turn, whether it was plumbing the arcane mysteries of the machine, keeping up with computers and software, or just doing forms of work (copyediting, even typesetting) previously relegated to others. Similarly, computers did not replace older writing technologies but instead coexisted with them—many or most writers avail themselves of hybrid working habits that result in their texts migrating back and forth across different media in the course of their production. Archivists and scholars, for their part, will also have new work to do. They will have to contend not just with the legacy of computers and digital storage, but also the textual relations inhering amid the extraordinarily dense and diverse constellations of writing practices that can materially coexist in the tiny universe of an author’s study or on top of a writer’s desk (and desktop).

A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World
by William J. Bernstein
Published 5 May 2009

Thus, as the ancient era wore on, both the size and the range of the more highly valued dromedary population increased and began to impinge on the domain of the Bactrians: first in Syria and Iraq, then in Iran, then in India, and finally in central Asia itself. When the two populations came into contact, the laws of hybridization worked their typical magic. The two types are similar enough to interbreed, and the first-generation offspring of a Bactrian and dromedary (the so-called F1 hybrid) is, as so often happens, a beast possessed of remarkable stamina and strength, perfectly suited to the long distances of the central Asian overland trade.

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America
by Andrés Reséndez
Published 11 Apr 2016

However, these actions—well-intentioned as they may have been—were handed down from afar and were ultimately uneven and had mixed results. Dynamic, adaptive, often invisible, stretching the limits of accepted institutions or posing as legitimate work, the other slavery and its related forms of involuntary servitude continue to endure today. Acknowledgments THIS IS A hybrid work of synthesis and original research. That means I have relied on the works of many scholars whose insights and documentation have informed this book, as is evident in the chapter notes. Even though historians tend to write single-authored books and articles, history itself remains a collective enterprise.

Culture and Imperialism
by Edward W. Said
Published 29 May 1994

Like Césaire before him, Fanon impugns imperialism for what it has created by acts of powerful rhetorical and structured summary. These make clear imperialism’s long cultural history, and—more tellingly—allow Fanon to formulate new strategies and goals for liberation. The Wretched of the Earth is a hybrid work—part essay, part imaginative story, part philosophical analysis, part psychological case history, part nationalist allegory, part visionary transcendence of history. It begins with a territorial sketch of the colonial space, separated into the clean, well-lighted European city and the dark, fetid, ill-lit casbah.