by Joe Studwell · 6 Dec 2025 · 393pp · 148,223 words
– the country’s garment exports jumped from US$495 million in 1994 to US$10 billion in 2023.20 Some commentators argue that advances in industrial robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) mean that the world will not need another low-cost manufacturing region in Africa, as production will soon be fully automated
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cost in a country like Madagascar is US$65 a month, and it is paid one month at a time. The cost of an advanced industrial robot in the apparel sector is over US$100,000, and the cost is paid in full in advance. Consequently, the introduction of
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industrial robots – whether in Japan from the 1970s or China from the 2010s – has always been driven by the price and availability of labour. Robots and AI
by Peter H. Diamandis and Steven Kotler · 13 Apr 2026 · 225pp · 76,418 words
cost-competitive general purpose bots, like the $16,000 Unitree G1. The field is also getting strong government backing. The Robot+ initiative aims to double industrial robot density by 2026, and the Made in China 2025 policy underscores robotics as a cornerstone for offsetting labor shortages caused by an aging population and
by Robert J. Gordon · 12 Jan 2016 · 1,104pp · 302,176 words
the increasing burden of Alzheimer’s care will be a significant contributor to increased cost of the medical care system. Small Robots and 3D Printing. Industrial robots were introduced by General Motors in 1961. By the mid-1990s, robots were welding automobile parts and replacing workers in the lung-killing environment of
by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee · 20 Jan 2014 · 339pp · 88,732 words
innovation. We’ve ridden in a driverless car, watched a computer beat teams of Harvard and MIT students in a game of Jeopardy!, trained an industrial robot by grabbing its wrist and guiding it through a series of steps, handled a beautiful metal bowl that was made in a 3D printer, and
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instruct their new mechanical colleagues. Brooks’s machines are cheap, too. At about $20,000, they’re a small fraction of the cost of current industrial robots. We got a sneak peek at these potential paradox-busters shortly before Rethink’s public unveiling of their first line of robots, named Baxter. Brooks
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argument goes, their economic benefits have already been captured and now most new ‘innovation’ involves entertaining ourselves inexpensively online. According to Robert Gordon: The first industrial robot was introduced by General Motors in 1961. Telephone operators went away in the 1960s. . . . Airline reservations systems came in the 1970s, and by 1980 bar
by K. Eric Drexler · 6 May 2013 · 445pp · 105,255 words
devices like conveyor belts, rotary feeders, pick-and-place mechanisms, continuous-motion assembly machines, and (more famous and photogenic) the jointed, arm-like devices called “industrial robots.” Many factories today use both machines and human labor to perform assembly, and economics largely determines the extent of machine automation. Machine-based assembly has
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been in practice for decades (in the automobile industry, for example) and industrial robots are gaining ground as their costs fall and capabilities increase. APM can deliver macroscopic products (built from smaller parts, in turn built from yet smaller
by Philip Coggan · 6 Feb 2020 · 524pp · 155,947 words
pressure from automation. A paper by the National Bureau of Economic Research estimated that each additional robot replaced around 6.2 workers.51 Sales of industrial robots have risen from 100,000 a year in the mid-2000s to 250,000 in 2015 and are forecast to hit 400,000 by the
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_NAFTA_0.pdf 51. Daron Acemoglu and Pascual Restrepo, “Robots and jobs: evidence from US labor markets”, NBER working paper 23285 52. “The growth of industrial robots”, Daily Chart, The Economist, March 27th 2017 53. Celasun and Gruss, “The declining share of industrial jobs”, op. cit. 54. Ryan Avent, The Wealth of
by Paul Kennedy · 15 Jan 1989 · 1,477pp · 311,310 words
the future. But perhaps the most important (in terms of sheer output) will be the already impressive lead which Japan has in the field of industrial robots and its development of (experimental) entire factories virtually controlled by computers, lasers, and robots: the ultimate solution to the country’s decreasing labor force! The
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latest figures show that “Japan continued to introduce about as many industrial robots as the rest of the world combined, several times the rate of introduction in the United States.” Another survey indicates that the Japanese use their
by Daniel Markovits · 14 Sep 2019 · 976pp · 235,576 words
tailored to suit skills that meritocratic education makes newly available) shift the center of production away from mid-skilled and toward super-skilled labor. Automated industrial robots, for example, replace mid-skilled manufacturing workers with super-skilled workers who design and program the robots. Innovations in distribution, warehousing, and e-commerce displace
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, “Yale Law School Graduation Speech,” May 18, 2015, accessed June 6, 2018, https://law.yale.edu/system/files/area/department/studentaffairs/document/postspeech.pdf. Automated industrial robots: See Chapter 6. Innovations in distribution: See Chapter 6. Derivatives and other new financial technologies: See Chapter 6. And new management techniques: See Chapter 6
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Robotics, World Robotics Report 2016, September 29, 2016, Figure 2.9, https://ifr.org/ifr-press-releases/news/world-robotics-report-2016, and James Carroll, “Industrial Robots in the United States on the Rise,” Vision Systems Design, September 6, 2016, www.vision-systems.com/articles/2016/12
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/industrial-robots-in-the-united-states-on-the-rise.html. since the late 1970s: Total manufacturing employment peaked in the late 1970s, when roughly 19.5 million
by Thomas S. Mullaney, Benjamin Peters, Mar Hicks and Kavita Philip · 9 Mar 2021 · 661pp · 156,009 words
is still very difficult.”29 Not unlike most of the coverage for Robotics Business Review, the story represented the leading thinking within the commercial robotics industry: robots are part of the next chapter of humanity, and they are here to stay. Yet Calo’s concerns have largely gone unaddressed in the call
by Parag Khanna · 18 Apr 2016 · 497pp · 144,283 words
. After buying IBM’s personal computer division, Lenovo is now the largest desktop and laptop maker. China has also become the largest purchaser of advanced industrial robotics to keep manufacturing churning even as its population ages and labor costs rise.*5 To catapult up the value chain, China has also deployed an
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the only way Western firms will survive. Precisely because Japan’s population is shrinking, its high-tech sector depends more than ever on innovations in industrial robotics at home and exports abroad. Moving up the value chain has become an end in itself, both sustainable and lucrative. Whereas China’s eleventh Five
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