longitudinal study

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description: a research design that involves repeated observations or examinations of the same subjects over a period of time

303 results

Human Diversity: The Biology of Gender, Race, and Class

by Charles Murray  · 28 Jan 2020  · 741pp  · 199,502 words

to identify students with exceptionally high aptitude for math. Over the years, SMPY established four cohorts of mathematically precocious youth who became part of a longitudinal study that continues as I write, jointly directed since 1991 by Camilla Benbow and David Lubinski.[8] I focus on the results from the 35-year

the 1st) is infinite. Consider two people who are at the 50th and 55th percentiles in height. Using a large representative sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) as our estimate of the national American distribution of height, their actual height difference is only half an inch. Consider another two

published breakdowns by gender within the top five percentiles. We do have two solid pieces of evidence bearing on the question, however. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. The first comes from a test of the common assertion that more people are in the gifted range of intelligence than the statistics of the

variance really predict disproportionate numbers of males at the extremes?—the Warne study was valuable because one of the studies it used, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, had a nationally representative sample that was large enough (18,000) to assess disparities up to the top half of the 99th percentile and information

Hedges and Amy Nowell reported the male-female ratio among top scorers in reading comprehension for two major surveys of high school seniors: the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 and the 1980 High School and Beyond dataset. For scores in the 90th percentile and higher, the ratios

,235 SES–test: +.15 SES–grade: +.09 Test–grade: +.37 Partial correlation Test–grade controlling for SES: +.36 SES–grade controlling for test: +.03 Individual longitudinal studies: 1995. Nat’l Study of Law School Performance Correlation N: 3,375 SES–test: +.16 SES–grade: +.07 Test–grade: +.38 Partial correlation Test–grade

controlling for SES: +.38 SES–grade controlling for test: +.01 Individual longitudinal studies: Harvard Study of the Class of 1964–65 Correlation N: 486 SES–test: +.07 SES–grade: +.05 Test–grade: +.30 Partial correlation Test–grade controlling

for SES: +.29 SES–grade controlling for test: +.03 Individual longitudinal studies: LSAC Nat’l Longitudinal Bar Passage Study Correlation N: 19,264 SES–test: +.13 SES–grade: +.05 Test–grade: +.35 Partial correlation Test–grade controlling

for SES: +.35 SES–grade controlling for test: +.01 Individual longitudinal studies: Nat’l Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 Correlation N: 6,314 SES–test: +.40 SES–grade: +.10 Test–grade: +.24 Partial correlation Test–grade controlling for SES: +.23 SES

–grade controlling for test: +.02 Individual longitudinal studies: Nat’l Longitudinal Study of the Class of 1972 Correlation N: 5,735 SES–test: +.30 SES–grade: +.04 Test–grade: +.31 Partial correlation Test–grade controlling for

were Project Talent, with a sample of 73,425 15-year-olds (1960); the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 (1972), with a sample of 16,860 12th-grade students; the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (1980), with a sample of 11,914 noninstitutionalized 15-to 22-year-olds; the

High School and Beyond Study (1980) with a sample of 25,069 12th-grade students; the National Educational Longitudinal Study (1992) with a sample of 24,599 8th-grade students as of 1988; and the National Assessments of Educational Progress from 1971 to 1992, with

) were so large that hardly any females got scores in the top percentiles. That said, the results were consistent with those from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. For the 95th percentile, the most interpretable category, the median predicted male-female ratio was 2.16 compared to 2.11 for the actual male

. Putnam’s Sons. Blackwell, Lisa S., Kali H. Trzesniewski, and Carol Sorich Dweck. 2007. “Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention.” Child Development 78 (1): 246–63. Blanchard, R. 2008. “Deconstructing the Feminine Essence Narrative.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 37 (3): 434–38

Population Study.” BMJ 357 (j2708). Campbell, A., L. Shirley, and C. Heywood. 2000. “Infants’ Visual Preference for Sex-Congruent Babies, Children, Toys and Activities: A Longitudinal Study.” British Journal of Developmental Psychology 18: 479–98. Campbell, Michael C., and Sarah A. Tishkoff. 2008. “African Genetic Diversity: Implications for Human Demographic History, Modern

al. and Salkever.” Personality and Individual Differences 111: 86–91. Leeb, R. T., and F. G. Rejskind. 2004. “Here’s Looking at You, Kid! A Longitudinal Study of Perceived Gender Differences in Mutual Gaze Behavior in Young Infants.” Sex Roles 50 (1–2): 1–14. Lehre, Anne-Catherine, Knut P. Lehre, Petter

: 2636–41. Shea, Daniel L., David Lubinski, and Camilla P. Benbow. 2001. “Importance of Assessing Spatial Ability in Intellectually Talented Young Adolescents: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study.” Journal of Educational Psychology 93: 604–14. Shewach, Oren R., Paul R. Sackett, and Sander Quint. 2019. “Stereotype Threat Effects in Settings with Features Likely

Are We Getting Smarter?: Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century

by James R. Flynn  · 5 Sep 2012

longitudinal data would give different estimates of bright taxes or bonuses than those our cross-sectional data engender. Indeed, no attempt to simulate a genuine longitudinal study can be entirely successful. None will give the history of a real cohort that took the WAIS-IV at age 17 and then retook it

longitudinal study compares those who were 65 in 1995 (WAIS-III) with those who were 75 in 2006 (WAIS-IV). That is a pretty good match. They

the highest IQ level have tended to die more often that the brightest people at low IQ levels? It is certainly worth a ten-year longitudinal study to verify whether the bright tax is real or an artifact. Thus far no takers. Herein I have tried to make amends for not doing

., Suever, B. L., Voss, M. W., Francis, B. M., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Genetic contributions to age-related decline in executive function: A 10-year longitudinal study of COMT and BDNF polymorphisms. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, 2: 1–9. Ex Parte Blue, 230 S.W.3d 151 (Tex.Crim.App.) March 7

Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey Toward Equity

by Claudia Goldin  · 11 Oct 2021  · 445pp  · 122,877 words

and science courses and math and reading aptitude test scores are from a comparison of the NLS-72 and the NELS-88 (NLS = National Longitudinal Study; NELS = National Education Longitudinal Study). The changes are consistent with those from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), although somewhat larger, and from US Department of Education

NurtureShock: New Thinking About Children

by Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman  · 2 Sep 2008  · 358pp  · 95,115 words

’s quite ironic, because in the years since, Patricia Kuhl’s ongoing findings have helped explain why baby DVDs don’t work. First, in a longitudinal study, Kuhl showed that neural commitment to a primary language isn’t a bad thing. The more “committed” a baby’s brain is, at nine months

day. The verbal pedometer is actually used by many researchers who study infants’ exposure to language. The inspiration behind such a tool is a famous longitudinal study by Drs. Betty Hart and Todd Risley, from the University of Kansas, published in 1994. Hart and Risley went into the homes of a variety

-thirds of children’s IQ scores will improve, or drop, more than 15 points: The work of Sontag and McCall analyzed data from the Fels Longitudinal Study; the individuals in the Fels study had their IQ measured every half year from age 2.5 to age 6, then every year until age

, pp. 131–148 (1990). Blackwell, Lisa Sorich, Kali H. Trzesniewski, and Carol S. Dweck, “Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention,” Child Development, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 246–263 (2007). Campanella Bracken, Cheryl, Leo W. Jeffres, and Kimberly A. Neuendorf, “Criticism or

(2006). Cole, David A., Joan M. Martin, Lachlan A. Peeke, A. D. Seroczynski, and Jonathan Fier, “Children’s Over- and Underestimation of Academic Competence: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Difference, Depression and Anxiety,” Child Development, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 459–473 (1999). Crocker, Jennifer, Interview with Neal Conan, Talk of the

Children—Fourth Edition, WISC-IV Comprehensive PowerPoint Presentation” (Undated). Schwartz, Edward M., and Anna S. Elonen, “IQ and the Myth of Stability: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Variations in Intelligence Test Performance,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 687–694 (1975). Shaw, Philip, “Intelligence and the Developing Human

,” Nature, vol. 440, no. 7084, pp. 676–679 (2006). Sontag, L. W., C. T. Baker, and V. L. Nelson, “Mental Growth and Personality Development: A Longitudinal Study,” Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, vol. 23, no. 2 (Serial No. 68) (1958). Sowell, Elizabeth R., Paul M. Thompson, Christiana M

and Control of Attention and Action)” [Press release] (2007). Notaa, Laura, Salvatore Soresia, and Barry J. Zimmerman, “Self-Regulation and Academic Achievement and Resilience: A Longitudinal Study,” International Journal of Educational Research, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 198–215 (2004). Rittle-Johnson, Bethany, Megan Saylor, and Kathryn E. Swygert, “Learning from Explaining

Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, Chicago (2008). Balch, Christan, Caitlin Bango, Meagan Howell, and Research Team 07, “Losers, Jerks, and Idiots: A Longitudinal Study of Put-Downs, Name-Calling, and Relational Aggression on Television Shows for Children and Teens (1983–2006),” Paper presented at the Eastern Colleges Science Conference

. 2, pp. 109–113 (2005). Ostrov, Jamie M., Douglas A. Gentile, and Nicki R. Crick, “Media Exposure, Aggression and Prosocial Behavior During Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study,” Social Development, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 612–627 (2006). Ostrov, Jamie M., and Caroline F. Keating, “Gender Differences in Preschool Aggression During Free Play

Food Allergy: Adverse Reactions to Foods and Food Additives

by Dean D. Metcalfe  · 15 Dec 2008  · 623pp  · 448,848 words

respiratory disease AFP Antifreeze protein AGA Anti-gliadin antibodies AI Adequate intake ALA Alimentary toxic aleukia ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALS Advanced Life Support ALSPAC Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges AMP Almond major protein APC Antigen-presenting cell APT Atopy patch test ASCA Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae

infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD003741. 62 Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics 1990;86:541–6. 63 Kajosaari M. Atopy prophylaxis in high-risk infants: prospective 5-year follow-up study of children with six months

-fed infants. Early Hum Dev 1998;53:9–18. 76 Axelsson I, Jakobsson I, Lindberg T, Benediktsson B. Bovine betalactoglobulin in the human milk. A longitudinal study during the whole lactation period. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986;75:702–7. 77 Paganelli R, Atherton DJ, Levinsky RJ. Differences between normal and milk allergic

in human milk. Allergy 1992;47:347–52. 111 Axelsson I, Jakobsson I, Lindberg T, Benediktsson B. Bovine beta-lactoglobulin in the human milk. A longitudinal study during the whole lactation period. Acta Paediatr Scand 1986;75:702–7. 112 Pittschieler K. Cow’s milk protein-induced colitis in the breastfed infant

(eds.) Asthma in the Workplace. New York: Marcel Decker Inc., 1999:129–43. 376 Moscato G, Dellabianca A, Perfetti L, et al. Occupational asthma: a longitudinal study on the clinical and socioeconomic outcome after diagnosis. Chest 1999;115:249–56. 377 Hudson P, Cartier A, Pineau L, et al. Follow-up of

to intestinal provocation monitored by transabdominal ultrasound in patients with food hypersensitivity. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:386–94. 32 Roberts G, Lack G. Avon longitudinal study of parents and children study team. Diagnosing peanut allergy with skin prick and specific IgE testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:1291–6. 14

the diet of their infants. The effects of reverse causality are highlighted in various studies and for different allergic outcomes. For example, in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a history of an allergic reaction to peanut was associated with prolonged breast-feeding [5]. However, when adjusted for infantile

consensus document. Adverse 36 Sears MR, et al. Long-term relation between breastfeeding and development of atopy and asthma in children and young adults: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2002;360:901–7. 37 Bergmann RL, et al. Breastfeeding duration is a risk factor for atopic eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 2002;32:205

the “hygiene hypothesis”. Thorax 2000;55:S2–10. 41 Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Shannon FT. Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics 1990;86:541–6. 57 Waser M, et al. Inverse association of farm milk consumption with asthma and allergy in rural and suburban populations

The Impact of Early Life Trauma on Health and Disease

by Lanius, Ruth A.; Vermetten, Eric; Pain, Clare  · 11 Jan 2011

the study of recovered and false memories of traumaâ•… 25 Constance J. Dalenberg and Kelsey L. Paulson 4 Early trauma, later outcome:€results from longitudinal studies and clinical observationsâ•… 33 Nathan Szajnberg, Amit Goldenberg and Udi Harari Part 1 synopsisâ•… 43 Alexander McFarlane Part 2 The effects of life trauma:Â

associated with higher probability of subsequent trauma exposure in several national studies. Children who experienced four or more victimizations in the baseline year of a longitudinal study were five times more likely than other children to be multiply victimized the subsequent year [50]. Earlier age of first victimization was associated with increased

of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187, 673–679. 41 Section 1: Impact on health and disease 42 10. Jungmeen, K. and Cicchetti, D. (2004). A longitudinal study of child maltreatment, mother–child relationship quality and maladjustment:€The role of self-esteem and social competence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 341

Aronson. 21. Massie, H. and Szajnberg, N. M. (2006). My life is a longing:€Child abuse and its adult sequelae€– results of the Brody Longitudinal Study from birth to age 30. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 87, 471–496. 22. Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S. and Covi, L. (1973). The

mean that any child who is identified as being subject to abuse or neglect must be notified to the relevant authorities. As a consequence, any longitudinal study will as much be a documentation of the impact of intervention as of the longitudinal effects and adverse health outcomes. If

adaptation, and that quality of early care has a more powerful influence overall on negative outcomes than infant attachment disorganization. For example, results from a longitudinal study by the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network [46] indicates that quality of caregiver interaction provides greater

and stress-induced release in adult rats. Molecular Brain Research, 18, 195–200. 39. Higley, J. D., Suomi, S. J. and Linnoila, M. (1992). A longitudinal study of CSF monoamine metabolite and plasma cortisol concentrations in young rhesus monkeys:€Effects of early experience, age, sex, and stress on continuity of individual

Meaney, M. J. (2007). Maternal care, the epigenome, and phenotypic differences in behaviour. Reproductive Toxicology, 24, 9–19. 44. Carlson, E. A. (1998). A prospective longitudinal study of attachment disorganization/disorientation. Child Development, 69, 1107–1128. 45. Ogawa, J. R., Sroufe, L. A., Weinfeld, N. S., Carlson, E. A. and Egeland, B

. (1997). Development and the fragmented self:€Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a non-clinical sample. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 855–879. 46. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child

. 15. 66 16. attachment theory. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 877–908. Putnam, F. and Trickett, P. K. (1997). The psychobiological effects of sexual abuse, a longitudinal study. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 821, 150–159. Beers, S. R. and De Bellis, M. D. (2002). NeuroÂ� psychological function in children

:€Differential sequels of childhood versus adult victimization experiences. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 195, 497–503. Kim, J. and Cicchetti, D. (2004). A longitudinal study of child maltreatment, mother–child relationship quality and maladjustment:€The role of self-esteem and social competence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 341

. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 255–262. 79. Kovacs, M., Gatsonis, C., Paulauskas, S. L. and Richards, C. (1989). Depressive disorders in childhood. IV. A longitudinal study of comorbidity with and risk for anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 776–782. 80. Bennett, D. S. Ambrosini, P. J., Kudes, D., Metz

in adult PTSD secondary to child abuse [77] were not seen in these cross-sectional studies of pediatric PTSD [73,75,76] or in a longitudinal study of pediatric maltreatment-related PTSD [78], although there was some indication that hippocampal volumes may be larger in pediatric maltreatment-related PTSD [79]. Stress-induced

sexual abuse:€A preliminary report. Biological Psychiatry, 41, 23–32. De Bellis, M. D., Hall, J., Boring, A. M. et al. (2001). A pilot longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in pediatric maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 305–309. Tupler, L. A. and De Bellis, M. D. (2006). Segmented

among others his 2002 study showing smaller right temporal lobe volumes in children with post-traumatic stress disorder after maltreatment. He ends by calling for longitudinal studies on the neurobiology of neglect and investigations of therapeutic interventions. Chapter 13 on early life stress focuses on data from foster care and covers the

many cases related predictably and reliably to multiple measures of adult physical and mental health. A smaller number of studies, including both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs, evaluate children. As with adult Chapter 14: Gene–environment interactions in psychiatric risk/resilience self-report, these methods have limitations, including bias with respect

Guilford Press. 8. Ogawa, J. R., Sroufe, L. A., Weinfeld, N. S., Carlson, E. A. and Egeland, B. (1997). Development and the fragmented self:€Longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a non-clinical sample. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 855–879. 9. Dutra, L., Bureau, J.-F., Holmes, B., Lyubchik,€A

. Several studies on the mental health of refugee youth highlight their resilience and the apparently paradoxical strengths that can stem from adversity [34]. In a longitudinal study of Khmer refugee children in Montreal, the Khmer adolescents did not report more internalizing symptoms than their Canadian peers and reported much less risk behavior

. 17. Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Russell, J. and Clark-Carter, D. (1998). Security of attachment as a predictor of symbolic and mentalising abilities:€A longitudinal study. Social Development, 7, 1–24. 18. Meins, E., Fernyhough, C., Wainwright, R. et al. (2003). Pathways to understanding mind:€Construct validity 253 Section 3

Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection

by John T. Cacioppo  · 9 Aug 2009  · 327pp  · 97,720 words

to gather many different types of people, and then you measure a variety of variables at a single point in time. The second is a longitudinal study, which means identifying a certain population and then following its members over a long period, making repeated measurements of certain variables as their lives play

a secure or insecure attachment with his mother in infancy may not be something that can be measured reliably now. However, each participant in a longitudinal study serves as her own control—the study follows the same person, after all, and her past remains the same. In a

longitudinal study, then, in which the focus is on changes in loneliness and related variables over time, we separate and evaluate the effects of these changes from

unethical, so we could not induce persistent feelings of social isolation through manipulation. Longitudinal research is an ethical alternative, which is why we initiated our longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults from the greater Chicago area. FIGURE 5. Top panel: comparison of characteristics of very lonely individuals with those of

another tack. He saw the child’s temperament, heavily biased by the genes, as the lead actor. In 1986 Kagan and his colleagues began a longitudinal study in which they dangled novel toys and otherwise presented unfamiliar stimuli to a group of five hundred infants. Twenty percent of these babies cried and

-help (1996), retrieved June 19, 2007, from www.psychologicalselfhelp.org. 2.Marja Jylha, "Old Age and loneliness: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging," Canadian Journal on Aging 23, no. 2 (2004): 157–158. 3.M. B. Brewer and W. Gardner, "Who is this ‘we’? Levels of

factor for depressive symptoms: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses," Psychology and Aging 21 (2006): 140–151. Loneliness predicts hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; J. Smith, personal communication, October 2007. L. C. Hawkley, C. M. Masi, J. D. Berry, and J. T. Cacioppo, "Loneliness is a unique

.M. Wei, D. W. Russell, and R. A. Aakalik, "Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, self-disclosure, loneliness, and subsequent depression for freshman college students: A longitudinal study," Journal of Counseling Psychology 52 (2005): 602–614. J. T. Cacioppo, M. E. Hughes, L. J. Waite, L. C. Hawkley, and R. A. Thisted, "Loneliness

Facing Reality: Two Truths About Race in America

by Charles Murray  · 14 Jun 2021  · 147pp  · 42,682 words

(AFQT), a highly g-loaded test battery. In 1972, the National Center for Education Statistics launched the first in a series of nationally representative longitudinal studies: the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972. It was followed by High School and Beyond in 1980 (I use two cohorts from that study

, one tested in 1980 and the other tested in 1982), the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, and the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. The 1988 and 2002 studies used only tests of reading and mathematics and are classi field with NAEP

a study with large sample sizes and also a good measure of cognitive ability. The three such datasets that I found are the 1972 National Longitudinal Study sponsored by the Department of Education and the 1979 and 1997 cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth sponsored by the Department of Labor

self-identification; small-town/rural Dick, Philip, ix education: affirmative action in; inequality in; reform of; remedial; school vouchers; see also achievement tests; teachers Education Longitudinal Study Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965) employment discrimination Equal Educational Opportunity Survey (1965) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Fayetteville, NC FBI: Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) feminism

Record Examinations (GRE) Great Seal of the United States Greenwald, Glenn Harvard University Health and Retirement Study Herrnstein, Richard High School and Beyond High School Longitudinal Study Hofstadter, Richard Huffcutt, Allen Humphrey, Hubert Huntington, Samuel identity politics; in corporations; and human evolution; White version of; and wrongthink Illinois Department of Corrections immigration

Myrdal, Gunnar National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP); comparative results; g-loading in National Center for Education Statistics National Education Longitudinal Study National Incident-Based Reporting System National IQ Dataset National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth New York (magazine) New York City; crime rates in

Creating Unequal Futures?: Rethinking Poverty, Inequality and Disadvantage

by Ruth Fincher and Peter Saunders  · 1 Jul 2001  · 267pp  · 79,905 words

that a longitudinal study need not be impossibly expensive (Pech and McCoull 1998). NOTE 1 The following proposals draw on Sweet (1998). 128 PDF OUTPUT c: ALLEN & UNWIN r

–3, 45, 129, 160–93 passim locational disadvantage, 160, 176, 180, 185, 186 lone parents, 59, 86, 88, 93, 105–6, 108, 117, 150, 196 longitudinal studies see research methods Low, N., 24 low wages see employment, low-paid and working poor Luxembourg Income Study, 47, 55, 102 Mabo, 136 magazines, 97

Whiteshift: Populism, Immigration and the Future of White Majorities

by Eric Kaufmann  · 24 Oct 2018  · 691pp  · 203,236 words

the many confounding influences that could be associated with both differences of local diversity and individual trust at any one time point. In Denmark, one longitudinal study found that a shift from 0 to 30 per cent minority in an area between 1980 and 2009, the maximum recorded, corresponds to a .23

LS, London, 2011: Office of National Statistics. The permission of the Office of National Statistics to use the Longitudinal Study is gratefully acknowledged, as is the help provided by staff of the Centre for Longitudinal Study Information & User Support (CeLSIUS). CeLSIUS is supported by the ESRC Census of Population Programme (Award Ref: RES-348

Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism

by Pippa Norris and Ronald Inglehart  · 31 Dec 2018

Not Working: Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone?

by David G. Blanchflower  · 12 Apr 2021  · 566pp  · 160,453 words

The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money

by Bryan Caplan  · 16 Jan 2018  · 636pp  · 140,406 words

The Pot Book: A Complete Guide to Cannabis

by Julie Holland  · 22 Sep 2010  · 694pp  · 197,804 words

Psychopathy: An Introduction to Biological Findings and Their Implications

by Andrea L. Glenn and Adrian Raine  · 7 Mar 2014

Late Bloomers: The Power of Patience in a World Obsessed With Early Achievement

by Rich Karlgaard  · 15 Apr 2019  · 321pp  · 92,828 words

The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement

by David Brooks  · 8 Mar 2011  · 487pp  · 151,810 words

Unhealthy societies: the afflictions of inequality

by Richard G. Wilkinson  · 19 Nov 1996  · 268pp  · 89,761 words

Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis

by Robert D. Putnam  · 10 Mar 2015  · 459pp  · 123,220 words

Good Times, Bad Times: The Welfare Myth of Them and Us

by John Hills  · 6 Nov 2014  · 352pp  · 107,280 words

Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress

by Steven Pinker  · 13 Feb 2018  · 1,034pp  · 241,773 words

The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma

by Bessel van Der Kolk M. D.  · 7 Sep 2015  · 600pp  · 174,620 words

Hothouse Kids: The Dilemma of the Gifted Child

by Alissa Quart  · 16 Aug 2006

When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor

by William Julius Wilson  · 1 Jan 1996  · 399pp  · 116,828 words

The Genetic Lottery: Why DNA Matters for Social Equality

by Kathryn Paige Harden  · 20 Sep 2021  · 375pp  · 102,166 words

Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960-2010

by Charles Murray  · 1 Jan 2012  · 397pp  · 121,211 words

Raw Data Is an Oxymoron

by Lisa Gitelman  · 25 Jan 2013

Practical Manual of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease

by Asit Arora, Neil Tolley and R. Michael Tuttle  · 2 Jan 2009  · 228pp  · 119,593 words

Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking

by Susan Cain  · 24 Jan 2012  · 377pp  · 115,122 words

The Village Effect: How Face-To-Face Contact Can Make Us Healthier, Happier, and Smarter

by Susan Pinker  · 30 Sep 2013  · 404pp  · 124,705 words

Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst

by Robert M. Sapolsky  · 1 May 2017  · 1,261pp  · 294,715 words

Transport for Humans: Are We Nearly There Yet?

by Pete Dyson and Rory Sutherland  · 15 Jan 2021  · 342pp  · 72,927 words

The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World

by Michael Marmot  · 9 Sep 2015  · 414pp  · 119,116 words

Top Dog: The Science of Winning and Losing

by Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman  · 19 Feb 2013  · 407pp  · 109,653 words

Who’s Raising the Kids?: Big Tech, Big Business, and the Lives of Children

by Susan Linn  · 12 Sep 2022  · 415pp  · 102,982 words

Jaws

by Sandra Kahn,Paul R. Ehrlich  · 15 Jan 2018

Immigration worldwide: policies, practices, and trends

by Uma Anand Segal, Doreen Elliott and Nazneen S. Mayadas  · 19 Jan 2010  · 492pp  · 70,082 words

The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger

by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett  · 1 Jan 2009  · 309pp  · 86,909 words

If You're So Smart, Why Aren't You Happy?

by Raj Raghunathan  · 25 Apr 2016  · 505pp  · 127,542 words

The Data Revolution: Big Data, Open Data, Data Infrastructures and Their Consequences

by Rob Kitchin  · 25 Aug 2014

Never Enough: When Achievement Culture Becomes Toxic-And What We Can Do About It

by Jennifer Breheny Wallace  · 21 Aug 2023  · 309pp  · 86,747 words

The Meritocracy Trap: How America's Foundational Myth Feeds Inequality, Dismantles the Middle Class, and Devours the Elite

by Daniel Markovits  · 14 Sep 2019  · 976pp  · 235,576 words

Dream Hoarders: How the American Upper Middle Class Is Leaving Everyone Else in the Dust, Why That Is a Problem, and What to Do About It

by Richard V. Reeves  · 22 May 2017  · 198pp  · 52,089 words

Revenge of the Tipping Point: Overstories, Superspreaders, and the Rise of Social Engineering

by Malcolm Gladwell  · 1 Oct 2024  · 283pp  · 85,644 words

SuperBetter: The Power of Living Gamefully

by Jane McGonigal  · 14 Sep 2015  · 525pp  · 147,008 words

Brain Energy: A Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Mental Health--And Improving Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, OCD, PTSD, and More

by Christopher M. Palmer Md  · 15 Nov 2022  · 402pp  · 107,908 words

T: The Story of Testosterone, the Hormone That Dominates and Divides Us

by Carole Hooven  · 12 Jul 2021  · 372pp  · 117,038 words

The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined

by Steven Pinker  · 24 Sep 2012  · 1,351pp  · 385,579 words

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The Enlightened Capitalists

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How Emotions Are Made: The New Science of the Mind and Brain

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Bootstrapped: Liberating Ourselves From the American Dream

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Children of Ruin

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Can't Even: How Millennials Became the Burnout Generation

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Battling Eight Giants: Basic Income Now

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Think Like a Rocket Scientist: Simple Strategies You Can Use to Make Giant Leaps in Work and Life

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Digital Minimalism: Choosing a Focused Life in a Noisy World

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Two Nations, Indivisible: A History of Inequality in America: A History of Inequality in America

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Inequality and the 1%

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The Economics of Belonging: A Radical Plan to Win Back the Left Behind and Achieve Prosperity for All

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The Four: How Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google Divided and Conquered the World

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She Has Her Mother's Laugh

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The Meat Racket: The Secret Takeover of America's Food Business

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IRL: Finding Realness, Meaning, and Belonging in Our Digital Lives

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Advertisers at Work

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The Driver in the Driverless Car: How Our Technology Choices Will Create the Future

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Designing Interfaces

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Future Shock

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Selfie: How We Became So Self-Obsessed and What It's Doing to Us

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Everybody Lies: Big Data, New Data, and What the Internet Can Tell Us About Who We Really Are

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Smart Money: How High-Stakes Financial Innovation Is Reshaping Our WorldÑFor the Better

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The Great Displacement: Climate Change and the Next American Migration

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Statistics in a Nutshell

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Work Rules!: Insights From Inside Google That Will Transform How You Live and Lead

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Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies

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The Dark Net

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The Metropolitan Revolution: How Cities and Metros Are Fixing Our Broken Politics and Fragile Economy

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Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design

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Calling Bullshit: The Art of Scepticism in a Data-Driven World

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Reset

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Being You: A New Science of Consciousness

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Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam Altman's OpenAI

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Born in Flames

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How to Read Numbers: A Guide to Statistics in the News (And Knowing When to Trust Them)

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The Day the World Stops Shopping

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Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the US City

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SUPERHUBS: How the Financial Elite and Their Networks Rule Our World

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To Sell Is Human: The Surprising Truth About Moving Others

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The Wisdom of Finance: Discovering Humanity in the World of Risk and Return

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Trillion Dollar Coach: The Leadership Playbook of Silicon Valley's Bill Campbell

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Urban Transport Without the Hot Air, Volume 1

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Quit Like a Millionaire: No Gimmicks, Luck, or Trust Fund Required

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Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction

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The Truth Machine: The Blockchain and the Future of Everything

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Work Optional: Retire Early the Non-Penny-Pinching Way

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Introverts in Love: The Quiet Way to Happily Ever After

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Money Moments: Simple Steps to Financial Well-Being

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Beyond the 4% Rule: The Science of Retirement Portfolios That Last a Lifetime

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Ethics of Big Data: Balancing Risk and Innovation

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