low cost airline

Boeing Versus Airbus: The Inside Story of the Greatest International Competition in Business
by John Newhouse
Published 16 Jan 2007

Over time, the A320 gradually gained the advantage because it is a newer airplane and, for various reasons, increasingly in favor with low-cost carriers. That is important, because those carriers, plus various leasing companies, are buying the new airplanes. The strapped legacy carriers are buying very little new equipment. Instead, some of them are cutting back. Well before reforming its fare structure, Delta decided to delay the delivery of 10 new Boeing aircraft and cancel options for 113 others. Some of the low-cost carriers are more austere than others. There is a spectrum of passenger comfort and services. JetBlue, with reserved seating and seats with monitors showing twenty-four channels of direct satellite TV, lies at the gentler end.

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Both are exceptionally successful, having exceeded the most optimistic forecasts of their respective companies. The 737 is older and has been steadily improved over the years. But the A320, a newer, slightly larger, and more comfortable aircraft, is outselling the 737, not least in the low-cost market that Boeing had monopolized. In December 2004, the surge in orders for A320’s from low-cost carriers caused Boeing to shake up its sales force and replace its chief salesman, Toby Bright. The biggest revenue earners are airplanes with 200 to 300 seats. For many years, Boeing had this so-called middle market largely to itself with the 757, a long, single-aisle airplane, and the double-aisle 767.

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The stakes could hardly be higher, especially for Airbus. It had begun to take too much for granted. FOR MOST of the past twenty years, a tooth-and-claw battle for the single-aisle-airplane market has held center stage in the Airbus-Boeing saga. It set Airbus’s A320 family against Boeing’s 737’s. The success of low-cost carriers such as Southwest and JetBlue in the States, along with easyJet and others in Europe, raised the stakes. For Boeing, an especially bad patch began in 1998, when British Airways, until then an unswervingly loyal Boeing customer, decided against the 737 and instead bought fifty-nine Airbus A320 and A319 aircraft, with options for fifty-nine more.

The Little Book That Builds Wealth: The Knockout Formula for Finding Great Investments
by Pat Dorsey
Published 1 Mar 2008

Southwest still has a cheaper cost structure than any of the majors—not exactly a hard thing to do, really—but it faces competitors like JetBlue and AirTran that have been able to get access to newer planes and cheap slots at second-tier airports. Also, the declining financial health of the majors made it easier for low-cost airlines to gain scale—the big airlines were struggling so hard to stay afloat that they could not spare the resources to crush upstarts. So, new low-cost carriers have been able to copy important parts of Southwest’s secret sauce and match it on cost. Dell, meanwhile, is still the lowest-cost manufacturer of PCs, but its advantage has shrunk considerably as competitors like Hewlett-Packard have retooled their businesses to cut costs, and high-cost operators like IBM have sold their PC businesses to more savvy owners like Lenovo.

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This generally does happen eventually, but it can take a lot longer than one might expect. It’s worth understanding why that often takes a fair amount of time, during which the originator of the low-cost process can make a lot of money. I won’t beat a very dead horse by going over the process-based cost advantages enjoyed by Dell and low-cost carriers like Southwest Airlines. We’ve all heard both stories a million times. Dell cut out distributors, sold direct to buyers, and kept inventory very low by building personal computers (PCs) to order. Southwest flew only one type of jet, minimized expensive ground time (fast turns, in airline jargon), and cultivated an employee culture that rewarded thrift.

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Perhaps my very favorite example of a well-regarded CEO being humbled by brutal industry dynamics is David Neeleman at JetBlue. Neeleman had an impeccable track record when he founded JetBlue. Before that he had started up the only airline attractive enough to be purchased by the famously acquisition-shy Southwest Airlines, and then he helped launch a low-cost carrier in Canada while waiting for his noncompete agreement with Southwest to expire. When JetBlue launched, Neeleman’s planes were brand-new and featured in-seat satellite TV and leather seats. Because new planes invariably have lower costs than older planes—they need less maintenance and they’re more efficient—JetBlue’s financials looked great just after going public, with 17 percent operating margins and a solid 20 percent return on equity.

Badvertising
by Andrew Simms

The next step came with the rise of the budget airline, or ‘low-cost carrier’ in the early 1980s. In the USA they were boosted by the airline deregulation of 1978 and the demise of the Civil Aeronautics Board in 1984 which had closely managed the industry, while protectionism amongst European countries meant deregulation took ten years to complete from the start of the process in 1987. Airlines like Pacific Southwest, New York Air and Jet America set the model and the relative cost of flying plummeted. In the mid-1990s Europe’s first low-cost carrier EasyJet copied and adapted the business model, and was soon followed by an influx of ‘no-frills’ rivals.

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The only provably legitimate offset would be an engineered solution that removed a measurable amount of carbon directly from the atmosphere on roughly the same timeframe as the plane exhaust put it there, and indeed this option is now available for purchase from a company called Climeworks – at a price of around $1,000 per ton. This is approximately 100 times the price of an equivalent offset from a low-cost carrier like Ryanair; readers can no doubt draw their own conclusions. Creating a global market in unfalsifiable claims is manifestly absurd, but this is nonetheless the basis of the $2 billion ‘Voluntary Carbon Offsetting’ market today, which is expected to grow to five times this size by 2030.30 Yet we already have decades of real world experience demonstrating that offsetting is also unsound in practice.31 A 2016 EU study of the UN’s flagship offsetting scheme, the CDM, found that 85 per cent of credits sold under the scheme had not delivered their claimed emissions reductions, and only 2 per cent of projects funded had a high likelihood of doing so.

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(Pacific Southwest Airlines) Deregulation of the US airline industry in the late 1970s was hugely disruptive to the incumbent players, but the overall effect was to drastically cut ticket prices, eventually across the entire global aviation market. Freedom to compete on ticket price and growing economies of scale combined with the uniquely generous fuel tax breaks discussed above to create a whole new form of travel – the package holiday – and a whole new type of aviation business – the low-cost carrier. Plummeting air fares were accompanied by the abandonment of luxury and the arrival of narrow seats on crowded planes and congested airports. Some felt the quality of their advertising suffered too. ‘Before deregulation, airlines had to apply for rate changes. They had to do much more advertising, focused on things other than price’, said Matthias Hühne, the author of Airline Visual Identity.

Brexit, No Exit: Why in the End Britain Won't Leave Europe
by Denis MacShane
Published 14 Jul 2017

One of the most spectacular outcomes of the reforms leading to the creation of the Single Market has been the fall in the costs of air travel and the rise of low-cost airlines like EasyJet and Ryanair, as well as many other smaller low-cost services that allow direct air links to many different cities and regions in Europe. Previously, national airlines like British Airways or Alitalia or Air France jealously guarded their national markets to keep prices and profits as high as possible. In addition, low-cost airlines can be based in Britain, like EasyJet, but fly from different locations inside the EU, not just back and forth to the UK.

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The EU has all but abolished those monopoly privileges. There is also a broad so-called Open Skies Agreement signed between the EU and the US in 2007 which allows airlines from Europe, including Britain, to fly to the US and Canada. The European Common Aviation Area extends to Norway and Iceland, and as a result there are some interesting low-cost carriers now offering cheap flights from the UK to North America. Britain has pushed for the creation of the ‘Single European Sky’ to allow airlines to choose the best, most-effective route irrespective of national borders and control system so as to save on fuel costs and speed up trips. All these arrangements are ultimately under EU law and in consequence the final arbiter in case of dispute is the European Court of Justice.

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The worries over the impact of UKIP on the Conservative vote that many believe impelled David Cameron to hold the 2016 plebiscite have disappeared, as has any serious parliamentary political challenge to Mrs May. Can she rise above party passions and see the wider national interest? A massively complicated set of negotiations lies ahead to extricate Britain from dozens of tightly interwoven agreements with other EU nations, covering everything from aviation landing rights for low-cost airlines to agricultural subsidies or involvement in European-wide policing and anti-terrorism measures and common climate change agreements. Enda Kenny, the Irish prime minister, declared it was impossible for all these complex negotiations to be successfully terminated in the space of two years before the next European Parliament elections in May 2019 – the deadline desired by Theresa May.

Central Europe Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Airlines National carriers take you to and from a host of world cities, and a web of low-cost carrier routes connects across Western Europe. The rule of thumb is the further east you go, the fewer regional airports there are. Central European national airlines (Slovakia has none): Adria Airways (JP; www.adria-airways.com) Slovenia Austrian Airlines (OS; www.aua.com) ČSA (OK; www.czechairlines.com) Czech Republic LOT Polish Airlines (LO; www.lot.com) Lufthansa (LH; www.lufthansa.com) Germany Malév Hungarian Airlines (MA; www.malev.hu) Swiss International Air Lines (LX; www.swiss.com) The following low-cost carriers offer the biggest selection of flights to and from Central Europe: Air Berlin (AB; www.airberlin.de) Germany-based, serves Western Europe (including Italy, Spain, Austria), North America and Southeast Asia.

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GETTING AROUND Air If you’re travelling without checked luggage, booking at least two weeks ahead and willing to travel to alternative airports, European air flights can be quite affordable. Both national and low-cost carriers fly within the region; check the prices of both. For a list of major airlines Click here ; for carriers with more limited service, see the specific destination chapters. Germanwings and Air Berlin have the most extensive intra–Central European networks. Note that smaller nations, such as Hungary, have no internal flights. WHAT’S THAT BAG WORTH TO YA? Beware when booking low-cost carrier seats; extra costs add up super fast. Most charge fees for checked luggage and impose strict weight limits with oversize penalties.

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Information The tourist office (www.freiburg.de; Rathausplatz 2-4; 8am-8pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-5pm Sat, 10am-noon Sun Jun-Sep, 8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-2.30pm Sat, 10am-noon Sun Oct-May) is well stocked with hiking and cycling maps to the region. Getting There & Around Freiburg shares EuroAirport (www.euroairport.com) with Basel (Switzerland) and Mulhouse (France). It buzzes with low-cost carriers. The Airport Bus (www.freiburger-reisedienst.de) runs almost every hour (adult/child €20/10, 55 minutes) . Fast trains connect Freiburg to Basel (€23, 45 minutes, hourly) and north to Frankfurt (€61, two hours, hourly) and beyond. Cut across the Rhine to France’s cute Colmar.

Frugal Innovation: How to Do Better With Less
by Jaideep Prabhu Navi Radjou
Published 15 Feb 2015

Such business models include: software as a service (SaaS) in computing; power by the hour in aircraft engines; massive open online courses (MOOCs) in education; hub-and-spoke and yield management models in airlines; online retailing; and cloud computing. By flexing their assets, airlines such as Southwest Airlines, easyJet and Ryanair have created a new, low-cost market segment for flyers within the US and Europe, and have succeeded in challenging long-haul incumbents. First, the low-cost carriers rebased the existing airline business model by maximising the time that their most valuable assets – their aircraft – spend in the air, and reducing the time they spend on the ground. Second, they use a hub-and-spoke model that maximises reach while minimising the typical journey distance. Third, they use new digital technology to understand, anticipate and influence consumer behaviour and ticket pricing to squeeze as much revenue as possible from their main, perishable resource: seats on flights.

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Although an Expliseat costs more than rival products, each seat can be assembled and installed within minutes and can be used 100,000 times without deteriorating. Furthermore, its ergonomic design and lower bulk provide an extra 5 centimetres of legroom and better shock absorption. Although Expliseat’s economy-class seats may not match the $400,000 business-class seats for comfort, low-cost airlines are eager to offer something extra for those on a tight budget. Design for next-generation customers Tim Brown, CEO of IDEO, an international design and consulting company, challenges designers to “invent for the future consumer”. For example, Carrefour, one of the world’s largest retailers, hired InProcess, an innovation consultancy, to reinvent the iconic 1960s shopping trolley still in use to serve the needs of today’s customers better.13 InProcess’s ethnographers studied how customers with different demographic profiles actually did their grocery shopping, from the time they entered a store to when they went through check-out, loaded and unloaded their cars, and stored their groceries in their homes.

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MacArthur Foundation 14 John Deere 67 John Lewis 195 Johnson & Johnson 100, 111 Johnson, Warren 98 Jones, Don 112 jugaad (frugal ingenuity) 199, 202 Jugaad Innovation (Radjou, Prabhu and Ahuja, 2012) xvii, 17 just-in-time design 33–4 K Kaeser, Joe 217 Kalanick, Travis 163 Kalundborg (Denmark) 160 kanju 201 Karkal, Shamir 124 Kaufman, Ben 50–1, 126 Kawai, Daisuke 29–30 Kelly, John 199–200 Kennedy, President John 138 Kenya 57, 200–1 key performance indicators see KPIs Khan Academy 16–17, 113–14, 164 Khan, Salman (Sal) 16–17, 113–14 Kickstarter 17, 48, 137, 138 KieranTimberlake 196 Kimberly-Clark 25, 145 Kingfisher 86–7, 91, 97, 157, 158–9, 185–6, 192–3, 208 KissKissBankBank 17, 137 Knox, Steve 145 Knudstorp, Jørgen Vig 37, 68, 69 Kobori, Michael 83, 100 KPIs (key performance indicators) 38–9, 67, 91–2, 185–6, 208 Kuhndt, Michael 194 Kurniawan, Arie 151–2 L La Chose 108 La Poste 92–3, 157 La Ruche qui dit Oui 137 “labs on a chip” 52 Lacheret, Yves 173–5 Lada 1 laser cutters 134, 166 Laskey, Alex 119 last-mile challenge 57, 146, 156 L’Atelier 168–9 Latin America 161 lattice organisation 63–4 Laury, Véronique 208 Laville, Elisabeth 91 Lawrence, Jamie 185, 192–3, 208 LCA (life-cycle assessment) 196–7 leaders 179, 203–5, 214, 217 lean manufacturing 192 leanness 33–4, 41, 42, 170, 192 Learnbox 114 learning by doing 173, 179 learning organisations 179 leasing 123 Lee, Deishin 159 Lego 51, 126 Lego Group 37, 68, 69, 144 Legrand 157 Lenovo 56 Leroy, Adolphe 127 Leroy Merlin 127–8 Leslie, Garthen 150–1 Lever, William Hesketh 96 Levi Strauss & Co 60, 82–4, 100, 122–3 Lewis, Dijuana 212 life cycle of buildings 196 see also product life cycle life-cycle assessment (LCA) 196–7 life-cycle costs 12, 24, 196 Lifebuoy soap 95, 97 lifespan of companies 154 lighting 32, 56, 123, 201 “lightweighting” 47 linear development cycles 21, 23 linear model of production 80–1 Link 131 littleBits 51 Livi, Daniele 88 Livi, Vittorio 88 local communities 52, 57, 146, 206–7 local markets 183–4 Local Motors 52, 129, 152 local solutions 188, 201–2 local sourcing 51–2, 56, 137, 174, 181 localisation 56, 137 Locavesting (Cortese, 2011) 138 Logan car 2–3, 12, 179, 198–9 logistics 46, 57–8, 161, 191, 207 longevity 121, 124 Lopez, Maribel 65–6 Lopez Research 65–6 L’Oréal 174 Los Alamos National Laboratory 170 low-cost airlines 60, 121 low-cost innovation 11 low-income markets 12–13, 161, 203, 207 Lowry, Adam 81–2 M m-health 109, 111–12 M-KOPA 201 M-Pesa 57, 201 M3D 48, 132 McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) 84 McDonough, William 82 McGregor, Douglas 63 MacGyvers 17–18, 130, 134, 167 McKelvey, Jim 135 McKinsey & Company 81, 87, 209 mainstream, frugal products in 216 maintenance 66, 75, 76, 124, 187 costs 48–9, 66 Mainwaring, Simon 8 Maistre, Christophe de 187–8, 216 Maker Faire 18, 133–4 Maker platform 70 makers 18, 133–4, 145 manufacturing 20th-century model 46, 55, 80–1 additive 47–9 continuous 44–5 costs 47, 48, 52 decentralised 9, 44, 51–2 frugal 44–54 integration with logistics 57–8 new approaches 50–4 social 50–1 subtractive method 48 tools for 47, 47–50 Margarine Unie 96 market 15, 28, 38, 64, 186, 189, 192 R&D and 21, 26, 33, 34 market research 25, 61, 139, 141 market share 100 marketing 21–2, 24, 36, 61–3, 91, 116–20, 131, 139 and R&D 34, 37, 37–8 marketing teams 143, 150 markets 12–13, 42, 62, 215 see also emerging markets Marks & Spencer (M&S) 97, 215 Plan A 90, 156, 179–81, 183–4, 186–7, 214 Marriott 140 Mars 57, 158–9, 161 Martin Marietta 159 Martin, Tod 154 mass customisation 9, 46, 47, 48, 57–8 mass market 189 mass marketing 21–2 mass production 9, 46, 57, 58, 74, 129, 196 Massachusetts Institute of Technology see MIT massive open online courses see MOOCs materials 3, 47, 48, 73, 92, 161 costs 153, 161, 190 recyclable 74, 81, 196 recycled 77, 81–2, 83, 86, 89, 183, 193 renewable 77, 86 repurposing 93 see also C2C; reuse Mayhew, Stephen 35, 36 Mazoyer, Eric 90 Mazzella, Frédéric 163 MBDC (McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry) 84 MDI 16 measurable goals 185–6 Mechanical Engineer Laboratory (MEL) 52 “MEcosystems” 154–5, 156–8 Medicare 110 medication 111–12 Medicity 211 MedStartr 17 MEL (Mechanical Engineer Laboratory) 52 mental models 2, 193–203, 206, 216 Mercure 173 Merlin, Rose 127 Mestrallet, Gérard 53, 54 method (company) 81–2 Mexico 38, 56 Michelin 160 micro-factories 51–2, 52, 66, 129, 152 micro-robots 52 Microsoft 38 Microsoft Kinect 130 Microsoft Word 24 middle classes 197–8, 216 Migicovsky, Eric 137–8 Mikkiche, Karim 199 millennials 7, 14, 17, 131–2, 137, 141, 142 MindCET 165 miniaturisation 52, 53–4 Mint.com 125 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 44–5, 107, 130, 134, 202 mobile health see m-health mobile phones 24, 32, 61, 129–30, 130, 168, 174 emerging market use 198 infrastructure 56, 198 see also smartphones mobile production units 66–7 mobile technologies 16, 17, 103, 133, 174, 200–1, 207 Mocana 151 Mochon, Daniel 132 modular design 67, 90 modular production units 66–7 Modularer Querbaukasten see MQB “mompreneurs” 145 Mondelez 158–9 Money Dashboard 125 Moneythink 162 monitoring 65–6, 106, 131 Monopoly 144 MOOCs (massive open online courses) 60, 61, 112, 113, 114, 164 Morieux, Yves 64 Morocco 207 Morris, Robert 199–200 motivation, employees 178, 180, 186, 192, 205–8 motivational approaches to shaping consumer behaviour 105–6 Motorola 56 MQB (Modularer Querbaukasten) 44, 45–6 Mulally, Alan 70, 166 Mulcahy, Simon 157 Mulliez family 126–7 Mulliez, Vianney 13, 126 multi-nodal innovation 202–3 Munari, Bruno 93 Murray, Mike 48–9 Musk, Elon 172 N Nano car 119, 156 National Geographic 102 natural capital, loss of 158–9 Natural Capital Leaders Platform 158–9 natural resources 45, 86 depletion 7, 72, 105, 153, 158–9 see also resources NCR 55–6 near-shoring 55 Nelson, Simon 113 Nemo, Sophie-Noëlle 93 Nest Labs 98–100, 103 Nestlé 31, 44, 68, 78, 94, 158–9, 194, 195 NetPositive plan 86, 208 networking 152–3, 153 new materials 47, 92 New Matter 132 new technologies 21, 27 Newtopia 32 next-generation customers 121–2 next-generation manufacturing techniques 44–6, 46–7 see also frugal manufacturing Nigeria 152, 197–8 Nike 84 NineSigma 151 Nissan 4, 4–5, 44, 199 see also Renault-Nissan non-governmental organisations 167 non-profit organisations 161, 162, 202 Nooyi, Indra 217 Norman, Donald 120 Norris, Greg 196 North American companies 216–17 North American market 22 Northrup Grumman 68 Norton, Michael 132 Norway 103 Novartis 44–5, 215 Novotel 173, 174 nudging 100, 108, 111, 117, 162 Nussbaum, Bruce 140 O O2 147 Obama, President Barack 6, 8, 13, 134, 138, 208 obsolescence, planned 24, 121 offshoring 55 Oh, Amy 145 Ohayon, Elie 71–2 Oliver Wyman 22 Olocco, Gregory 206 O’Marah, Kevin 58 on-demand services 39, 124 online communities 31, 50, 61, 134 online marketing 143 online retailing 60, 132 onshoring 55 Opel 4 open innovation 104, 151, 152, 153, 154 open-source approach 48, 129, 134, 135, 172 open-source hardware 51, 52, 89, 130, 135, 139 open-source software 48, 130, 132, 144–5, 167 OpenIDEO 142 operating costs 45, 215 Opower 103, 109, 119 Orange 157 Orbitz 173 organisational change 36–7, 90–1, 176, 177–90, 203–8, 213–14, 216 business models 190–3 mental models 193–203 organisational culture 36–7, 170, 176, 177–9, 213–14, 217 efficacy focus 181–3 entrepreneurial 76, 173 see also organisational change organisational structure 63–5, 69 outsourcing 59, 143, 146 over-engineering 27, 42, 170 Overby, Christine 25 ownership 9 Oxylane Group 127 P P&G (Procter & Gamble) 19, 31, 58, 94, 117, 123, 145, 195 packaging 57, 96, 195 Page, Larry 63 “pain points” 29, 30, 31 Palmer, Michael 212 Palo Alto Junior League 20 ParkatmyHouse 17, 63, 85 Parker, Philip 61 participation, customers 128–9 partner ecosystems 153, 154, 200 partners 65, 72, 148, 153, 156–8 sharing data with 59–60 see also distributors; hyper-collaboration; suppliers Partners in Care Foundation 202 partnerships 41, 42, 152–3, 156–7, 171–2, 174, 191 with SMBs 173, 174, 175 with start-ups 20, 164–5, 175 with suppliers 192–3 see also hyper-collaboration patents 171–2 Payne, Alex 124 PE International 196 Pearson 164–5, 167, 181–3, 186, 215 Pebble 137–8 peer-to-peer economic model 10 peer-to-peer lending 10 peer-to-peer sales 60 peer-to-peer sharing 136–7 Pélisson, Gérard 172–3 PepsiCo 38, 40, 179, 190, 194, 215 performance 47, 73, 77, 80, 95 of employees 69 Pernod Ricard 157 personalisation 9, 45, 46, 48, 62, 129–30, 132, 149 Peters, Tom 21 pharmaceutical industry 13, 22, 23, 33, 58, 171, 181 continuous manufacturing 44–6 see also GSK Philippines 191 Philips 56, 84, 100, 123 Philips Lighting 32 Picaud, Philippe 122 Piggy Mojo 119 piggybacking 57 Piketty, Thomas 6 Plan A (M&S) 90, 156, 179–81, 183–4, 186–7, 214 Planet 21 (Accor) 174–5 planned obsolescence 24, 121 Plastyc 17 Plumridge, Rupert 18 point-of-sale data 58 Poland 103 pollution 74, 78, 87, 116, 187, 200 Polman, Paul 11, 72, 77, 94, 203–5, 217 portfolio management tools 27, 33 Portugal 55, 103 postponement 57–8 Potočnik, Janez 8, 79 Prabhu, Arun 25 Prahalad, C.K. 12 predictive analytics 32–3 predictive maintenance 66, 67–8 Priceline 173 pricing 81, 117 processes digitising 65–6 entrenched 14–16 re-engineering 74 simplifying 169, 173 Procter & Gamble see P&G procurement priorities 67–8 product life cycle 21, 75, 92, 186 costs 12, 24, 196 sustainability 73–5 product-sharing initiatives 87 production costs 9, 83 productivity 49, 59, 65, 79–80, 153 staff 14 profit 14, 105 Progressive 100, 116 Project Ara 130 promotion 61–3 Propeller Health 111 prosumers xix–xx, 17–18, 125, 126–33, 136–7, 148, 154 empowering and engaging 139–46 see also horizontal economy Protomax 159 prototypes 31–2, 50, 144, 152 prototyping 42, 52, 65, 152, 167, 192, 206 public 50–1, 215 public sector, working with 161–2 publishers 17, 61 Pullman 173 Puma 194 purchasing power 5–6, 216 pyramidal model of production 51 pyramidal organisations 69 Q Qarnot Computing 89 Qualcomm 84 Qualcomm Life 112 quality 3, 11–12, 15, 24, 45, 49, 82, 206, 216 high 1, 9, 93, 198, 216 measure of 105 versus quantity 8, 23 quality of life 8, 204 Quicken 19–21 Quirky 50–1, 126, 150–1, 152 R R&D 35, 67, 92, 151 big-ticket programmes 35–6 and business development 37–8 China 40, 188, 206 customer focus 27, 39, 43 frugal approach 12, 26–33, 82 global networks 39–40 incentives 38–9 industrial model 2, 21–6, 33, 36, 42 market-focused, agile model 26–33 and marketing 34, 37, 37–8 recommendations for managers 34–41 speed 23, 27, 34, 149 spending 15, 22, 23, 28, 141, 149, 152, 171, 187 technology culture 14–15, 38–9 see also Air Liquide; Ford; GSK; IBM; immersion; Renault; SNCF; Tarkett; Unilever R&D labs 9, 21–6, 70, 149, 218 in emerging markets 40, 188, 200 R&D teams 26, 34, 38–9, 65, 127, 150, 194–5 hackers as 142 innovation brokering 168 shaping customer behaviour 120–2 Raspberry Pi 135–6, 164 Ratti, Carlo 107 raw materials see materials real-time demand signals 58, 59 Rebours, Christophe 157–8 recession 5–6, 6, 46, 131, 180 Reckitt Benckiser 102 recommendations for managers flexing assets 65–71 R&D 34–41 shaping consumer behaviour 116–24 sustainability 90–3 recruiting 70–1 recyclable materials 74, 81, 196 recyclable products 3, 73, 159, 195–6 recycled materials 77, 81–2, 83, 86, 89, 183, 193 recycling 8, 9, 87, 93, 142, 159 e-waste 87–8 electronic and electrical goods (EU) 8, 79 by Tarkett 73–7 water 83, 175 see also C2C; circular economy Recy’Go 92–3 regional champions 182 regulation 7–8, 13, 78–9, 103, 216 Reich, Joshua 124 RelayRides 17 Renault 1–5, 12, 117, 156–7, 179 Renault-Nissan 4–5, 40, 198–9, 215 renewable energy 8, 53, 74, 86, 91, 136, 142, 196 renewable materials 77, 86 Replicator 132 repurposing 93 Requardt, Hermann 189 reshoring 55–6 resource constraints 4–5, 217 resource efficiency 7–8, 46, 47–9, 79, 190 Resource Revolution (Heck, Rogers and Carroll, 2014) 87–8 resources 40, 42, 73, 86, 197, 199 consumption 9, 26, 73–7, 101–2 costs 78, 203 depletion 7, 72, 105, 153, 158–9 reducing use 45, 52, 65, 73–7, 104, 199, 203 saving 72, 77, 200 scarcity 22, 46, 72, 73, 77–8, 80, 158–9, 190, 203 sharing 56–7, 159–61, 167 substitution 92 wasting 169–70 retailers 56, 129, 214 “big-box” 9, 18, 137 Rethink Robotics 49 return on investment 22, 197 reuse 9, 73, 76–7, 81, 84–5, 92–3, 200 see also C2C revenues, generating 77, 167, 180 reverse innovation 202–3 rewards 37, 178, 208 Riboud, Franck 66, 184, 217 Rifkin, Jeremy 9–10 robots 47, 49–50, 70, 144–5, 150 Rock Health 151 Rogers, Jay 129 Rogers, Matt 87–8 Romania 2–3, 103 rookie mindset 164, 168 Rose, Stuart 179–80, 180 Roulin, Anne 195 Ryan, Eric 81–2 Ryanair 60 S S-Oil 106 SaaS (software as a service) 60 Saatchi & Saatchi 70–1 Saatchi & Saatchi + Duke 71–2, 143 sales function 15, 21, 25–6, 36, 116–18, 146 Salesforce.com 157 Santi, Paolo 108 SAP 59, 186 Saunders, Charles 211 savings 115 Sawa Orchards 29–31 Scandinavian countries 6–7 see also Norway Schmidt, Eric 136 Schneider Electric 150 Schulman, Dan 161–2 Schumacher, E.F. 104–5, 105 Schweitzer, Louis 1, 2, 3, 4, 179 SCM (supply chain management) systems 59 SCOR (supply chain operations reference) model 67 Seattle 107 SEB 157 self-sufficiency 8 selling less 123–4 senior managers 122–4, 199 see also CEOs; organisational change sensors 65–6, 106, 118, 135, 201 services 9, 41–3, 67–8, 124, 149 frugal 60–3, 216 value-added 62–3, 76, 150, 206, 209 Shapeways 51, 132 shareholders 14, 15, 76, 123–4, 180, 204–5 sharing 9–10, 193 assets 159–61, 167 customers 156–8 ideas 63–4 intellectual assets 171–2 knowledge 153 peer-to-peer 136–9 resources 56–7, 159–61, 167 sharing economy 9–10, 17, 57, 77, 80, 84–7, 108, 124 peer-to-peer sharing 136–9 sharing between companies 159–60 shipping costs 55, 59 shopping experience 121–2 SIEH hotel group 172–3 Siemens 117–18, 150, 187–9, 215, 216 Sigismondi, Pier Luigi 100 Silicon Valley 42, 98, 109, 150, 151, 162, 175 silos, breaking out of 36–7 Simple Bank 124–5 simplicity 8, 41, 64–5, 170, 194 Singapore 175 Six Sigma 11 Skillshare 85 SkyPlus 62 Small is Beautiful (Schumacher, 1973) 104–5 “small is beautiful” values 8 small and medium-sized businesses see SMBs Smart + Connected Communities 29 SMART car 119–20 SMART strategy (Siemens) 188–9 smartphones 17, 100, 106, 118, 130, 131, 135, 198 in health care 110, 111 see also apps SmartScan 29 SMBs (small and medium-sized businesses) 173, 174, 175, 176 SMS-based systems 42–3 SnapShot 116 SNCF 41–3, 156–7, 167 SoapBox 28–9 social business model 206–7 social comparison 109 social development 14 social goals 94 social learning 113 social manufacturing 47, 50–1 social media 16, 71, 85, 106, 108, 168, 174 for marketing 61, 62, 143 mining 29, 58 social pressure of 119 tools 109, 141 and transaction costs 133 see also Facebook; social networks; Twitter social networks 29, 71, 72, 132–3, 145, 146 see also Facebook; Twitter social pressure 119 social problems 82, 101–2, 141, 142, 153, 161–2, 204 social responsibility 7, 10, 14, 141, 142, 197, 204 corporate 77, 82, 94, 161 social sector, working with 161–2 “social tinkerers” 134–5 socialising education 112–14 Sofitel 173 software 72 software as a service (SaaS) 60 solar power 136, 201 sourcing, local 51–2, 56 Southwest Airlines 60 Spain 5, 6, 103 Spark 48 speed dating 175, 176 spending, on R&D 15, 22, 23, 28, 141, 149, 152, 171, 187 spiral economy 77, 87–90 SRI International 49, 52 staff see employees Stampanato, Gary 55 standards 78, 196 Starbucks 7, 140 start-ups 16–17, 40–1, 61, 89, 110, 145, 148, 150, 169, 216 investing in 137–8, 157 as partners 42, 72, 153, 175, 191, 206 see also Nest Labs; Silicon Valley Statoil 160 Steelcase 142 Stem 151 Stepner, Diana 165 Stewart, Emma 196–7 Stewart, Osamuyimen 201–2 Sto Corp 84 Stora Enso 195 storytelling 112, 113 Strategy& see Booz & Company Subramanian, Prabhu 114 substitution of resources 92 subtractive manufacturing 48 Sun Tzu 158 suppliers 67–8, 83, 148, 153, 167, 176, 192–3 collaboration with 76, 155–6 sharing with 59–60, 91 visibility 59–60 supply chain management see SCM supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model 67 supply chains 34, 36, 54, 65, 107, 137, 192–3 carbon footprint 156 costs 58, 84 decentralisation 66–7 frugal 54–60 integrating 161 small-circuit 137 sustainability 137 visibility 34, 59–60 support 135, 152 sustainability xix, 9, 12, 72, 77–80, 82, 97, 186 certification 84 as competitive advantage 80 consumers and 95, 97, 101–4 core design principle 82–4, 93, 195–6 and growth 76, 80, 104–5 perceptions of 15–16, 80, 91 recommendations for managers 90–3 regulatory demand for 78–9, 216 standard bearers of 80, 97, 215 see also Accor; circular economy; Kingfisher; Marks & Spencer; Tarkett; Unilever sustainable design 82–4 see also C2C sustainable distribution 57, 161 sustainable growth 72, 76–7 sustainable lifestyles 107–8 Sustainable Living Plan (Unilever) 94–7, 179, 203–4 sustainable manufacturing 9, 52 T “T-shaped” employees 70–1 take-back programmes 9, 75, 77, 78 Tally 196–7 Tarkett 73–7, 80, 84 TaskRabbit 85 Tata Motors 16, 119 Taylor, Frederick 71 technical design 37–8 technical support, by customers 146 technology 2, 14–15, 21–2, 26, 27 TechShop 9, 70, 134–5, 152, 166–7 telecoms sector 53, 56 Telefónica 147 telematic monitoring 116 Ternois, Laurence 42 Tesco 102 Tesla Motors 92, 172 testing 28, 42, 141, 170, 192 Texas Industries 159 Textoris, Vincent 127 TGV Lab 42–3 thermostats 98–100 thinking, entrenched 14–16 Thompson, Gav 147 Timberland 90 time 4, 7, 11, 41, 72, 129, 170, 200 constraints 36, 42 see also development cycle tinkerers 17–18, 133–5, 144, 150, 152, 153, 165–7, 168 TiVo 62 Tohamy, Noha 59–60 top-down change 177–8 top-down management 69 Total 157 total quality management (TQM) 11 total volatile organic compounds see TVOC Toyota 44, 100 Toyota Sweden 106–7 TQM (total quality management) 11 traffic 108, 116, 201 training 76, 93, 152, 167, 170, 189 transaction costs 133 transparency 178, 185 transport 46, 57, 96, 156–7 Transport for London 195 TrashTrack 107 Travelocity 174 trial and error 173, 179 Trout, Bernhardt 45 trust 7, 37, 143 TVOC (total volatile organic compounds) 74, 77 Twitter 29, 62, 135, 143, 147 U Uber 136, 163 Ubuntu 202 Uchiyama, Shunichi 50 UCLA Health 202–3 Udacity 61, 112 UK 194 budget cuts 6 consumer empowerment 103 industrial symbiosis 160 savings 115 sharing 85, 138 “un-management” 63–4, 64 Unboundary 154 Unilever 11, 31, 57, 97, 100, 142, 203–5, 215 and sustainability 94–7, 104, 179, 203–4 University of Cambridge Engineering Design Centre (EDC) 194–5 Inclusive Design team 31 Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) 158–9 upcycling 77, 88–9, 93, 159 upselling 189 Upton, Eben 135–6 US 8, 38, 44, 87, 115, 133, 188 access to financial services 13, 17, 161–2 ageing population 194 ageing workforce 13 commuting 131 consumer spending 5, 6, 103 crowdfunding 137–8, 138 economic pressures 5, 6 energy use 103, 119, 196 environmental awareness 7, 102 frugal innovation in 215–16, 218 health care 13, 110, 208–13, 213 intellectual property 171 onshoring 55 regulation 8, 78, 216 sharing 85, 138–9 shifting production from China to 55, 56 tinkering culture 18, 133–4 user communities 62, 89 user interfaces 98, 99 user-friendliness 194 Utopies 91 V validators 144 value 11, 132, 177, 186, 189–90 aspirational 88–9 to customers 6–7, 21, 77, 87, 131, 203 from employees 217 shareholder value 14 value chains 9, 80, 128–9, 143, 159–60, 190, 215 value engineering 192 “value gap” 54–5 value-added services 62–3, 76, 150, 206, 209 values 6–7, 14, 178, 205 Vandebroek, Sophie 169 Vasanthakumar, Vaithegi 182–3 Vats, Tanmaya 190, 192 vehicle fleets, sharing 57, 161 Verbaken, Joop 118 vertical integration 133, 154 virtual prototyping 65 virtuous cycle 212–13 visibility 34, 59–60 visible learning 112–13 visioning sessions 193–4 visualisation 106–8 Vitality 111 Volac 158–9 Volkswagen 4, 44, 45–6, 129, 144 Volvo 62 W wage costs 48 wages, in emerging markets 55 Waitrose, local suppliers 56 Walker, James 87 walking the walk 122–3 Waller, Sam 195 Walmart 9, 18, 56, 162, 216 Walton, Sam 9 Wan Jia 144 Washington DC 123 waste 24, 87–9, 107, 159–60, 175, 192, 196 beautifying 88–9, 93 e-waste 24, 79, 87–8, 121 of energy 119 post-consumer 9, 75, 77, 78, 83 reducing 47, 74, 85, 96, 180, 209 of resources 169–70 in US health-care system 209 see also C2C; recycling; reuse water 78, 83, 104, 106, 158, 175, 188, 206 water consumption 79, 82–3, 100, 196 reducing 74, 75, 79, 104, 122–3, 174, 183 wealth 105, 218 Wear It Share It (Wishi) 85 Weijmarshausen, Peter 51 well-being 104–5 Wham-O 56 Whirlpool 36 “wicked” problems 153 wireless technologies 65–6 Wiseman, Liz 164 Wishi (Wear It Share It) 85 Witty, Andrew 35, 35–6, 37, 39, 217 W.L.

Southeast Asia on a Shoestring Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet
Published 30 May 2012

* * * Air Airports & Airlines Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA; Code MNL; 02-877 1109) The country’s recently upgraded flagship airport is in flux – see the boxed text below for important arrival/departure information regarding terminals. The Philippines’ primary low-cost carrier, Cebu Pacific, serves an ever-growing list of Southeast Asian cities, including Bangkok, Brunei, Jakarta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Saigon and Singapore. The other low-cost airlines flying to/from NAIA are local carrier Zest Air, Singapore’s Jetstar Asia and Tiger Airways. The country’s flagship carrier, Philippine Airlines (PAL), also serves many Southeast Asian destinations. Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (Clark Airport; code DMIA; www.clarkairport.com) Clark Airport is near Angeles, a two-hour bus ride north of downtown Manila.

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Tourism Malaysia (www.tourismmalaysia.gov.my) KL Sentral ( 2274 5823; 9am-6pm); Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA; 8776 5651; International Arrival Hall, Sepang); Putra World Trade Centre ( 2615 8188; Level 17, 45 Jln Tun Ismail; 9am-6pm Mon-Sat) Getting There & Away Kuala Lumpur is Malaysia’s principal international arrival gateway and it forms the crossroads for domestic bus, train and taxi travel. Air For details of international airlines, Click here. Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA; 8777 8888; www.klia.com.my; Pengrus Besar) is the main airport, 75km south of the city centre at Sepang. AirAsia ( 8775 4000; www.airasia.com) flights arrive and depart from the nearby Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT; 8777 8888; www.lcct.com.my), while Firefly ( 03-7845 4543; www.fireflyz.com.my) and Berjaya Air ( 2145 2828; www.berjaya-air.com) flights use Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport ( 7845 8382) in Subang, about 20km west of the city centre. Boat Ferries sail to Tanjung Balai on Sumatra (one way RM145, 3½ hours, 11am Monday to Saturday) in Indonesia from Pelabuhan Klang (Port Klang), accessible by KTM Komuter train from KL Sentral or by public bus (RM3.50) from Klang bus stand by Pasar Seni LRT station.

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If you have more time than money, catch the Airport Coach ( 8787 3894; www.airportcoach.com.my; one way/return RM10/18) to KL Sentral (one hour); it can also take you onwards to any central KL hotel from KLIA and pick up for the return journey for a round-trip total of RM25. The bus stand is clearly signposted inside the terminal. Taxis from KLIA operate on a fixed-fare coupon system. Purchase a coupon from a counter at the arrival hall and use it to pay the driver. Standard taxis cost RM67.10. Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) Skybus (www.skybus.com.my; one-way RM9) and Aerobus (one-way RM8) depart every 15 minutes from 4.30am to 12.45am and take an hour. From LCCT, prepaid taxis charge RM62 to Chinatown or Jln Bukit Bintang (50% more from midnight to 6am). Buy your coupon at the desk near the arrivals hall exit.

Germany
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 17 Oct 2010

There’s a regular flea market (Hohen Ufer; 8am-4pm Sat) behind the Historisches Museum, along the Leine River Canal near Die Nanas. Return to beginning of chapter Getting There & Away AIR Hanover Airport (HAJ; 977 1223; www.hannover-airport.de) has many connections, including Lufthansa ( 0180-380 3803), and the low-cost carriers Air Berlin ( 01805-737 800; www.airberlin.com) to/from London-Stansted and TuiFly ( 01805-757 510; www.tuifly.com) to/from Newcastle in Great Britain. The S-Bahn (S5) takes 18 minutes from the airport to the Hauptbahnhof (€2.80). CAR & MOTORCYCLE Nearby autobahns run to Hamburg, Munich, Frankfurt and Berlin, with good connections to Bremen, Cologne, Amsterdam and Brussels.

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If you follow Grosse Gildewart south, it becomes Rolandsmauer, where you find Lagerhalle ( 338 740; www.lagerhalle-osnabrueck.de; Rolandsmauer 26; 8pm-1am Mon, 6pm-1am Tue-Thu, 6pm-2am Fri & Sat, 9.30am-11pm Sun; ), a culture venue, cinema and bar with everything from readings through film to live jazz or rock. Cultcha seekers of all ages simply drink, snack or play pool here, too. Outside is a board listing other places to go to in Heger-Tor-Viertel, inviting exploration of the quarter. Return to beginning of chapter Getting There & Away The low-cost carrier Air Berlin (www.airberlin.com) is among those with services to Münster- Osnabrück airport (FMO; www.flughafen.fmo.de). The airport is 30km southwest of the centre, and reached by Schnellbus X150 (€9, 40 minutes), which leaves the airport almost hourly between 3.30am and 11pm Monday to Friday, from 8.10am Saturday and from 10am Sunday.

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Return to beginning of chapter GETTING THERE & AWAY Air Bremen’s airport ( 559 50; www.airport-bremen.de) is about 3.5km south of the centre and has flights to destinations in Germany and Europe. Airline offices here include Air Berlin ( 0421-552 035) and Lufthansa Airlines ( 01803-803 803). Low-cost carrier RyanAir (www.ryanair.com) flies to Edinburgh and London Stansted. Return to beginning of chapter Boat Hal Över Schreiber Reederei ( 338 989; www.hal-oever.de, Martinianleger, Schlachte 2) operates scheduled services along the Weser between April and September. Boats from Bremen to Bremerhaven (one-way/return €14.80/23.80, 3½ hours), with numerous stops en route, depart at 8.30am every Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday, and 9.30am on Sunday.

Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data
by Viktor Mayer-Schönberger and Thomas Ramge
Published 27 Feb 2018

Of course, it’s important to understand not only whether a given industry sector has efficiency opportunities but also whether a particular firm, by focusing on efficiency, can improve its relative position. Most traditional airlines may recognize their inefficiencies and see the advantages of the low-cost carrier model exemplified by JetBlue and Ryanair, but they lack the ability to reform themselves due to a variety of factors, from existing obligations to ossified organizational structures. The second important factor is time. Relative efficiency improvements almost always result in an advantage that’s only temporary as other firms catch up.

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Similar efficiency gains were realized through the optimization of every process within a firm, whether it was called Taylorism, Six Sigma, or lean management. Whether a focus on efficiency is a suitable strategy largely depends on two factors. First, are there existing inefficiencies within an industry that can be eliminated? The traditional network airline business model, for example, was wasteful enough that more efficient, low-cost airlines could take over a substantial share of the air-travel market. By contrast, modern large supermarket chains are so comparatively efficient in their operations that new entrants (including digital start-ups—remember Webvan?) have had much less opportunity to disrupt them. Of course, it’s important to understand not only whether a given industry sector has efficiency opportunities but also whether a particular firm, by focusing on efficiency, can improve its relative position.

Moon Portugal
by Carrie-Marie Bratley
Published 15 Mar 2021

In 2017 the airport, also known as Funchal Airport, was officially rebranded Cristiano Ronaldo Madeira International Airport in honor of the island’s most famous son. The airport is 20 minutes west of Funchal, connected to the city center by good roads and buses. TAP Air Portugal (tel. 707 205 700; www.flytap.com) operates flights between Lisbon and Madeira Island every few hours year-round, while British low-cost carrier easyJet (tel. 707 500 176; www.easyjet.com [URL inactive]) has daily flights between Lisbon, Porto, and Funchal, providing competitive fares, sometimes less than €100 round-trip for the 1.5-hour trip. There are direct flights between the Azores (from Ponta Delgada, on São Miguel Island) and Madeira, too.

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At the time of writing, there were also no direct flights to Portugal from South Africa; trips from South Africa usually require a stop in Luanda or a major European destination such as Paris, London, Munich, Amsterdam, or Madrid. However, Portugal’s national flag-carrier TAP (www.flytap.com) recently announced a direct flight from Lisbon to Cape Town for 2021. From Elsewhere in Europe Traveling to Portugal from anywhere within Europe is quick and easy—and even better, cheap, thanks to the growing number of low-cost airlines. There are numerous flights from myriad cities in Europe to Lisbon and Porto; flights to Portugal within Europe can be found for less than €100 round-trip. Bus and train services connect Portugal with Spain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Driving to Portugal is also possible thanks to a good international road network and the EU open-borders policy.

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• Horta Airport (Aeroporto da Horta; HOR; tel. 292 943 511; www.aeroportohorta.pt), on Faial, receives direct international flights mainly from Europe. From mainland Portugal, the Azores are a short and cheap (usually around €100 round-trip) 2-hour flight. The main airlines are national flag-carrier TAP Air Portugal (tel. 707 205 700; www.flytap.com), regional carrier SATA Azores Airlines (tel. 707 227 282; www.sata.pt), and Irish low-cost airline Ryanair (tel. +44 871 246 0002; www.ryanair.com). The majority of flights leave from Lisbon Portela Airport (Aeroporto de Lisboa; LIS; tel. 121 841 3500; www.aeroportolisboa.pt) and Porto’s Francisco Sá Carniero Airport (Aeroporto Francisco Sá Carneiro; OPO; 122 943 2400; www.aeroportolisboa.pt).

Switzerland
by Damien Simonis , Sarah Johnstone and Nicola Williams
Published 31 May 2006

Its translucent skin looks best when lit up, which only happens during games, every week or so. Take tram No 14 to get there. Getting There & Away AIR EuroAirport (%061 325 31 11; www.euroairport.com) serves Basel (as well as Mulhouse, France and Freiburg, Germany). Located 5km north in France, it has several routes to London on Swiss International Air Lines and low-cost carrier easyJet, with direct flights to many continental cities, including Alicante, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Madrid, Naples, Paris and Rome. BOAT An enjoyable, if slow, way to travel to/from Basel is via boat along the Rhine. The landing stage is between Johanniterbrücke and Dreirosenbrücke.

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The two main scheduled carriers are British Airways (% 0845-773 3377; www.ba.com) and Swiss International Air Lines (%0845-601 0956; www.swiss.com), which both have services leaving from Heathrow and London City airports. Ticino carrier Darwin Airline (%+41 (0) 800 177 177 international toll free; www.darwin-airline.com) flies from London City Airport (to Bern and Lugano only). Several low-cost carriers travel between the UK and Switzerland, including easyJet (%0870-600 0000; www.easyjet.com) and Helvetic (%020 7026 3464; www.helvetic.com). Note that if you travel Air Berlin (%0870 738 8880; www.air LAND Bus Eurolines (www.eurolines.com), via local operator Alsa+Eggman (%0900 573 747 per min Sfr1.50, Geneva%022 716 91 10, Zürich%043 366 64 30; www .alsa-eggmann.ch), operates services on about 35 Continental Europe ROAD TOLLS The number of low-cost flights has mushroomed in recent years.

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Note that if you travel Air Berlin (%0870 738 8880; www.air LAND Bus Eurolines (www.eurolines.com), via local operator Alsa+Eggman (%0900 573 747 per min Sfr1.50, Geneva%022 716 91 10, Zürich%043 366 64 30; www .alsa-eggmann.ch), operates services on about 35 Continental Europe ROAD TOLLS The number of low-cost flights has mushroomed in recent years. If you book very early – and are lucky – you might find flights for as little as €22 each way (plus taxes). Air Berlin (%www.airberlin.com) flies to Zürich from dozens of destinations in Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Beware that you need to book very early with this particular low-cost carrier to get the best deal. easyJet (www.easyjet.com; France %08-25 08 25 There’s a one-off charge of Sfr40 to use Swiss motorways and semi-motorways, identified by green signs. The charge is payable at the border (in cash, including euros) or from Swiss tourist offices abroad (see p322). The sticker (vignette) you receive upon paying the tax can also be bought at post offices and petrol stations.

Berlin
by Andrea Schulte-Peevers
Published 20 Oct 2010

Not to mention, it helps min-imise your carbon footprint. Getting to the city is easy as well. Flights, tours and rail tickets can be booked online at www.lonelyplanet.com/travel_services. Return to beginning of chapter AIR Lufthansa, practically all other major European airlines and low-cost carriers (including Air Berlin, easyJet, Ryanair and Germanwings) operate direct flights to Berlin from throughout Europe. With few exceptions, travel from outside Europe involves a change of planes in another European city such as Frankfurt or Amsterdam. Your best friend in ferreting out deals is the internet.

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Check directly with the airline or a travel agent to make sure you understand how a fare (and ticket you may buy) works and be aware of the security requirements for international travel. Shop carefully. The details given in this chapter should be regarded as pointers and are not a substitute for your own careful, up-to-date research. * * * Many airlines now guarantee the lowest fares on their own websites, so check these out as well. To get the skinny on which low-cost airlines fly where, go to www.whichbudget.com and then book tickets on the airline website. Airports Berlin has two international airports, reflecting the legacy of the divided city. The larger one is in the northwestern suburb of Tegel, about 8km from the city centre, the other in Schönefeld (off Map), about 22km southeast in the former East Berlin.

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There’s no surcharge for night trips but bulky luggage costs an extra €1 per piece. A ride from Alexanderplatz to Zoologischer Garten costs about €13. For a nifty fare calculator or to order a cab online, see www.taxi-in-berlin.de. * * * SMART TRAVEL Flying has become second nature in this era of low-cost airlines and few of us stop to consider using alternative travel methods and doing our bit for the environment. Yet, depending on where you’re based, getting to Berlin without a plane is easier and more comfortable than you might think. Coming from London, for instance, you could catch the Eurostar after work, switch to a German night train in Brussels and be in Berlin for breakfast.

Italy
by Damien Simonis
Published 31 Jul 2010

Getting There & Away AIR Falconara airport (Raffaello Sanzio Airport; AOI; 071 2 82 71; www.ancona-airport.it, in Italian), although it’s expanded in recent years, is still without some services (such as, oh, restaurants). Flights arrive from Munich, Dusseldorf, London, Rome, Florence and Moscow, along with a few more obscure locales like Timisoara and Majorca. Major airlines that fly into Ancona include Lufthansa, Alitalia and Ryanair. Click here for more information on low-cost carriers such as Ryanair. BUS Most buses originate at Piazza Cavour except for a few to Falconara and the Portonovo bus, which originate at the train station. See the table below for destinations. CAR & MOTORCYCLE Ancona is on the A14, which links Bologna with Bari. The SS16 coastal road runs parallel to the autostrada and is a more pleasant toll-free alternative if you’re not looking to get anywhere fast.

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Return to beginning of chapter GETTING THERE & AWAY Air Capodichino airport (NAP; off Map; 081 789 62 59; www.gesac.it), 7km northeast of the city centre, is southern Italy’s main airport, linking Naples with most Italian and several major European cities, as well as New York. Serviced by a number of major airlines, including Alitalia and British Airways, the airport also hosts a number of low-cost carriers. Among the latter is easyjet which connects Naples to several European cities, including London, Paris (Orly) and Berlin. Boat Naples, the bay islands and the Amalfi Coast are served by a comprehensive ferry network. In Naples, ferries and hydrofoils leave for Capri, Sorrento, Ischia, Procida and Forio from Molo Beverello in front of Castel Nuovo; hydrofoils for Capri, Ischia and Procida also sail from Mergellina; longer-distance ferries for Palermo, Cagliari, Milazzo, the Aeolian Islands (Isole Eolie) and Tunisia leave from the Stazione Marittima.

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Return to beginning of chapter AIR High seasons are generally June to September, Christmas and Easter, although it depends in part on your destination. Shoulder season is often from mid-September to the end of October and again in April. Low season is generally November to March. Airports & Airlines The country’s main intercontinental gateway is the Leonardo da Vinci Airport (Fiumicino; 06 6 59 51; www.adr.it) in Rome, but many low-cost carriers land at Rome’s Ciampino Airport ( 06 6 59 51; www.adr.it) – Click here for more details. Regular intercontinental flights also serve Milan’s Malpensa Airport ( 02 7485 2200; www.sea-aeroportimilano.it), which is located 50km from the city. Plenty of flights from other European cities fly to regional capitals (Click here for more information).

The Future Is Asian
by Parag Khanna
Published 5 Feb 2019

Two decades on from the 1997 financial crisis, trade and investment liberalization and supply-chain integration have spurred robust economic growth on the back of record volumes of foreign investment with global linkages spreading beyond India, China, Japan, and Australia to the Gulf countries, Europe, the United States, and even Latin America. ASEAN’s members have committed to a 2025 master plan to harmonize standards for banking, telecoms, and e-commerce, by which time Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam may change their time zone to align with Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila. Air Asia and a dozen other low-cost carriers have made intraregional travel affordable for the masses, leading to waves of tourists visiting one another’s countries and taking cross-border jobs with the growing number of large pan-Asian companies. In the coming years, major new transport and trade corridors such as a high-speed railway network from Kunming in southern China through Laos, Thailand, and Malaysia to Singapore will knit China ever more closely to Southeast Asia.

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Since 2016, Paris has actually declined as a destination for Asians. South Korea remains the top destination for Chinese tourists (despite the recent ban on Chinese visiting the popular Jeju Island), while Chinese also swarm through Japan and Australia and sent a record 1.5 million tourists to Russia in 2017. With visa restrictions drastically reduced and low-cost airlines flourishing, Asians are discovering their own region in record numbers. India’s inbound tourism is growing by double digits annually and just crossed 10 million visitors. It’s hard not to spot Japanese and Israelis from Himachal Pradesh to Goa. Indian destination weddings are a business boon for Dubai, Bangkok, and Bali.

Berlitz: Sardinia Pocket Guide (Berlitz Pocket Guides)
by Apa
Published 1 Feb 2012

For gay events in Sardinia check out www.associazionearc.eu or www.movimentomosessualesardo.org. Getting There By Air. An increasing number of low-cost airlines now fly direct to Sardinia from the UK and other European destinations. Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) has regular flights from Stansted to Alghero. EasyJet (www.easyjet.com) flies from Stansted to Cágliari and from Gatwick and Bristol to Olbia. Scheduled airlines have been forced to cut the costs of flights to compete with low-cost airlines. British Airways (www.ba.com) flies direct to Cágliari from Gatwick and from Heathrow to Olbia. There are no direct flights from long-haul destinations.

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Moreover, each region retains its culinary specialities, from elaborate home-made bread and pastries to suckling pig slowly roasted and served on a bed of myrtle leaves. Tourism Today Much, of course, has changed since Lawrence's day. Since the 1960s the international jet set have been flocking to the Costa Smeralda, mere mortals to less famous resorts on low-cost airlines. Brochure descriptions of Sardinia as ‘a slice of the Seychelles’ or ‘Italy's Caribbean’ are not complete hyperbole. It would be hard to find a concentration of such enticing beaches anywhere else in the Mediterranean. The sands are white, the waters come in every conceivable shade of blue and green and the wind-sculpted rocks, cliffs, dunes and marshes provide stunning and continually shifting vistas.

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There are no direct flights from long-haul destinations. Passengers from the US, Canada, New Zealand and Australia can fly to Rome or Milan and take one of the many connecting flights to Sardinia, but it's worth comparing the cost of a cheap flight to London, and then a charter or flight with a low-cost airline to Sardinia. By Ferry. Sardinia is well connected to Italian mainland ports. Ferry services operate to the island from Civitavecchia, Fiumicino, Naples, Livorno, La Spezia and Genoa; also from Palermo and Trapani in Sicily. The main ferry companies operating services to the mainland are Tirrenia (www.tirrenia.it) and Moby (www.moby.it).

Hard Landing
by Thomas Petzinger and Thomas Petzinger Jr.
Published 1 Jan 1995

Likewise, Southwest’s service, though stripped down and basic, was impeccably consistent and iridescently friendly. Crandall was concerned to learn that some businesses had begun requiring employees to travel at the lowest fare available, regardless of the level of service it required them to endure. Of all these low-cost carriers, People Express was, in early 1985, the greatest threat by far. But People Express was also perhaps the most vulnerable. Barbara Amster of the American pricing department considered People Express “the guys with the Southwest Airlines philosophy but without the brains of Southwest.” More aptly, perhaps, Don Burr and People Express had all the great ideas of Herb Kelleher and Southwest Airlines but lacked their discipline.

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Crandall had not forgotten: Crandall 4/23/93 interview. 18. nearly 1,500 departures: “Revenue Control: Mining Gold at the Margin,” by Samuel M. Fuchs, Airline Executive, Jan. 1987. 19. assigned to Barbara R. Amster: Amster 4/29/93 interview. 20. had to be eradicated: Crandall 4/23/93 interview; “American on the Offensive,” Financial World, Feb. 20, 1985; “American Tries to Muscle In on the Low-Cost Carriers,” by Reggi Ann Dubin, BW, Feb. 4, 1985. 21. Crandall was concerned: Crandall remarks to 1985 Fall Planning Conference, American Airlines, draft dated Sept. 26, 1985. 22. “brains of Southwest”: Amster 4/29/93 interview. 23. “devised the fare”: Carty 4/29/93 interview. 24. new pricing strategy: “American Airlines Slashes Fares on Many Routes; Industry Stock Prices Slip as Rival Carriers Follow,” by Laurie P.

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As points of connection, these hubs competed vigorously with one another; whenever passengers had the choice of hubs through which to reach their destination, fares remained moderate. The story was different for people who started or ended their journeys in a hub city. These hapless passengers were forced to pay monopoly prices—until a low-cost airline such as Southwest was finally drawn into the market. Then a battle ensued, and fares were quickly brought under control. Fares had become purely market-driven, as sensitive to supply and demand as a Middle Eastern bazaar. Airline prices no longer bore the slightest relation to the cost of providing the service, which was why a 300-mile trip beginning and ending at a hub airport might cost three times that of a 1,000-mile trip through a hub airport.

Travel While You Work: The Ultimate Guide to Running a Business From Anywhere
by Mish Slade
Published 13 Aug 2015

If you're not a fan of Skyscanner or want to try something else, here are some other sites that aggregate airfares and allow you to book through them: Google Flights Explorer: www.worktravel.co/gfe Kayak: www.worktravel.co/kayak Hipmunk: www.worktravel.co/hipmunk Look up low-cost airlines separately Southwest and Virgin America don't appear in Skyscanner's fare listings, and there are a few other airlines (like JetBlue) that don't appear on other aggregator sites. There might be a direct flight with one of those airlines, so check to see if that's the case. Here's a Wikipedia list of all the low-cost airlines: www.worktravel.co/lowcost. And this site will give you a list of routes from low-cost airlines if you enter your starting location and final destination (Europe only): www.worktravel.co/lowcostguide.

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If you're still keen on some kind of guidance for when to book flights… this Reddit thread shows the progression of ticket prices from two weeks to four months prior to departure date, and it suggests that between four and eight weeks before departure is a good time to book: www.worktravel.co/whentobook1. And this study shows that prices start dropping at the three-month mark, with the cheapest tickets ranging from three weeks to ten weeks in advance: www.worktravel.co/whentobook2. Choose the best seats on your flight Most airlines will allow you to choose your seats (although the low-cost airlines will often charge a fee for doing so). But beyond knowing whether you're an aisle kinda guy or a window-obsessed gal, how do you decide which part of the plane to pick? (If you've never thought or worried about this before, ignore this section and go on as you were. There's no point in adding to your list of frustrations and worries when it comes to flying.)

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(Bear in mind that for some reason you're NOT allowed to take outside food onboard an AirAsia flight. But everyone does anyway, and no one seems to get into trouble for it.) Listen/look out for your gate announcement and don't dilly-dally when you hear/see it. And consider buying a Speedy Boarding ticket for low-cost airlines. Essentially, you want to be on the plane putting your bag in its overhead compartment ASAP. Keep a pen handy for writing out your landing card/customs form on the plane. Conclusion A while ago I met up with a reader when we were both living in Valencia. He asked me if I was happier since quitting my job and becoming a digital nomad.

Lonely Planet Cancun, Cozumel & the Yucatan (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , John Hecht and Sandra Bao
Published 31 Jul 2013

Getting There & Away Air Cancún’s Aeropuerto Internacional de Cancún ( 848-7200; www.asur.com.mx; Carretera Cancún-Chetumal, Km 22) is the busiest in southeastern Mexico. It has all the services you would expect from a major international airport: ATMs, money exchange, rental-car agencies. Cancún is served by many direct international flights and by connecting flights from Mexico City. Low-cost carriers Viva Aerobus (www.vivaaerobus.com), Interjet (www.interjet.com) and Volaris (www.volaris.com) all have service from Mexico City. The following is just some of the dozens of carriers with flights to Cancún. For a more complete list, see the airport website. Aeroméxico ( 287-1860; www.aeromexico.com; Av Cobá 80; R-1) Direct flights from New York.

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Getting There & Away Air Mérida’s tiny airport is a 10km, 20-minute ride southwest of the Plaza Grande off Hwy 180 (Av de los Itzáes). It has car rental desks, an ATM, a currency-exchange office and a tourist information booth. Most international flights to Mérida are connections through Mexico City. Nonstop inter-national services are provided by Aeroméxico and United Airlines. Low-cost airlines Interjet and Vivaaerobus serve Mexico City. MayaAir runs prop planes to Cancún. Aeroméxico ( 800-021-4000; www.aeromexico.com) Flies direct from Miami. Interjet ( 800-011-2345, in USA 866-285-9525; www.interjet.com) MayaAir ( 987-872-3609; www.maya-air.com) United Airlines ( 926-3100, in USA 800-900-50-00; www.united.com; Paseo Montejo No 437, at Calle 29) Flies nonstop from Houston.

Lonely Planet Cancun, Cozumel & the Yucatan (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , John Hecht and Lucas Vidgen
Published 31 Jul 2016

Lonely Planet offsets the carbon footprint of all staff and author travel. Air Most visitors to the Yucatán arrive by air. Direct flights normally originate from an airline's hub city and connecting flights often go through Mexico City. Mexico’s flagship airline is Aeroméxico. Its safety record is comparable to major US and European airlines. Domestic low-cost carriers provide service mostly from Mexico City. MayAir runs prop planes that stop in Cozumel, Cancún and Mérida. Airports & Airlines The majority of flights into the peninsula arrive in Cancún or Mérida. The Yucatán's major airports: Aeropuerto Ángel Albino Corzo (%961-153-60-68; www.chiapasaero.com; Sarabia s/n) Aka Tuxtla Gutiérrez; serves San Cristóbal de las Casas in Chiapas.

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Tourist Information Center ( GOOGLE MAP ; %999-924-92-90; cnr Calles 60 & 57A; h8am-8pm) On the southwest edge of the Teatro Peón Contreras, this office always has an English speaker on hand. 8Getting There & Away Air Mérida’s Aeropuerto Internacional de Mérida (Mérida International Airport; %999-940-60-90; www.asur.com.mx; Hwy 180 Km 4.5; gR-79) is a 10km, 20-minute ride southwest of the Plaza Grande off Hwy 180 (Avenida de los Itzáes). It has car-rental desks, an ATM, currency-exchange service and a tourist information booth. Most international flights to Mérida make connections through Mexico City. Nonstop international services are provided by Aeroméxico and United Airlines. Low-cost airlines Interjet, VivaAerobus and Volaris serve Mexico City. Mayair operates prop planes to Cancún and Cozumel. Aeroméxico (%toll-free 800-021-40-00; www.aeromexico.com) Flies direct from Miami. Interjet (%in USA 866-285-9525, toll-free 800-011-23-45; www.interjet.com) Serves Mexico City, where you can catch connecting flights to New York, Miami and Houston.

Lonely Planet Southern Italy
by Lonely Planet

Tourist Information Office (map; %081 40 23 94; www.inaples.it; Via San Carlo 9; h9am-5pm Mon-Sat, to 1pm Sun; gR2 to Via San Carlo, mMunicipio) At Galleria Umberto I, directly opposite Teatro San Carlo. 8Getting There & Away AIR Naples International Airport (Capodichino) (%081 789 62 59; www.aeroportodinapoli.it; Viale F Ruffo di Calabria), 7km northeast of the city centre, is southern Italy’s main airport. It’s served by a number of major airlines and low-cost carriers, including easyJet, which operates flights to Naples from London, Paris, Amsterdam, Vienna, Berlin and several other European cities. BOAT Fast ferries and hydrofoils for Capri, Ischia, Procida and Sorrento depart from Molo Beverello (map; mMunicipio) in front of Castel Nuovo; hydrofoils for Capri, Ischia and Procida also sail from Mergellina.

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Nowadays the hottest topics on everyone’s mind are the island’s continued economic struggles and conflict over Sicily’s role as a major gateway for immigrants from northern Africa. 8Getting There & Away AIR A number of airlines fly direct to Sicily’s two main international airports, Palermo’s Punta Raisi (PMO) and Catania’s Fontanarossa (CTA). A few also serve the smaller airports of Trapani (TPS) and Comiso (CIY). Alitalia (www.alitalia.com) is the main Italian carrier, while Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) is the leading low-cost airline serving Sicily. BOAT Hydrofoils and car ferries cross the narrow Strait of Messina between Sicily and the Italian mainland ports of Villa San Giovanni and Reggio di Calabria. Sicily is also accessible by ferry from Naples, Genoa, Civitavecchia, Livorno, Salerno, Cagliari, Malta and Tunis.

Quality Investing: Owning the Best Companies for the Long Term
by Torkell T. Eide , Lawrence A. Cunningham and Patrick Hargreaves
Published 5 Jan 2016

In Germany, for example, despite global consolidation of industries from paint to beer, markets remain fragmented and competitive thanks to tenacious family-run mid-size firms. Other share donators are companies with entrenched cost or management structures that impair adaptability. The airline industry provided many examples: older airlines shackled by legacy costs, aging fleets, and the old hub-and-spoke business model fell prey to low-cost airlines delivering much cheaper point-to-point travel. Obviously, having sizable share donators among competitors does not in itself make a company great, but the advantage is worth analyzing and can add value to quality companies that are able to capitalize on it. To assess the likely future stability of a given industry, we will always look at its history.

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Many companies that pursue low production costs achieve lowest-cost status – for a time. The more routine low-cost tactics give only short-term advantages because they can be copied. For example, pallets – portable wooden packing platforms – were first used for stocking merchandise in deep-discount retailers but are now a common sight at many supermarkets. Low-cost airlines like Southwest pioneered shorter aircraft turnaround times, but traditional airliners soon followed suit. In contrast, low-cost squared companies construct a business model, organization, and culture that drives low cost in each step of every process throughout the operation. The depth of cost consciousness adds protection that ordinary cost-minimization tactics do not.

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The leading examples are private label retailer alternatives to branded products, such as those offered by pharmacies and grocers. By offering similar products at lower prices, chains steer consumers to focus on price rather than quality. Once the switch occurs, customers tend to stick with the private label. Other examples are the low-cost airline industry pioneered by the likes of Ryanair as an alternative to major carriers such as British Airways and open source software, such as Linux, as an alternative to Microsoft Windows. Good-enough value propositions can be difficult to protect against. On the downside, risk is greater when products are distributed through influential middlemen that command customer respect, such as retailers creating private labels.

Basic Economics
by Thomas Sowell
Published 1 Jan 2000

According to the Wall Street Journal: The new low-cost carriers in Brazil, Mexico and Colombia are largely avoiding competition with incumbent full-service airlines. Instead, they are stimulating new traffic by adding cheap, no-frills flights to secondary cities that, for many residents, had long required day-long bus rides. Largely as a result, the number of airline passengers in these countries has surged. The newfound mobility has opened up the flow of commerce and drastically cut travel times in areas with poor roads, virtually no rail service and stretches of harsh terrain.{262} One low-cost airline offers flights into Mexico City for “about half the price of the 14-hour overnight bus ride.”{263} In Brazil and Colombia it is much the same story.

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The newfound mobility has opened up the flow of commerce and drastically cut travel times in areas with poor roads, virtually no rail service and stretches of harsh terrain.{262} One low-cost airline offers flights into Mexico City for “about half the price of the 14-hour overnight bus ride.”{263} In Brazil and Colombia it is much the same story. In both these countries, new low-cost airlines have reduced bus travel somewhat and greatly increased air travel, as the total number of people traveling has grown. Planes and buses are obviously very different technologically, but they can serve the same purpose and compete against each other in the marketplace— a crucial fact overlooked by those who compile data on how large a share of the market some company “controls.” Those bringing anti-trust lawsuits generally seek to define the relevant market narrowly, so as to produce high percentages of the market “controlled” by the enterprise being prosecuted.

Fodor's Barcelona
by Fodor's
Published 5 Apr 2011

Nonstop flights from London to Barcelona are 2¼ hours. Regular nonstop flights connect the eastern United States with Barcelona. Flying from other cities in North America usually involves a stop. Flights from the United Kingdom to a number of destinations in Spain are frequent and offered at competitive fares, particularly on low-cost carriers such as Ryanair or easyJet. Beware of low-cost flights to “Barcelona” that, in fact, land in Girona, a 45-minute taxi ride north of Barcelona; often the taxi (or even the bus) costs more than the flight. Iberia operates a shuttle, the puente aereo, between Barcelona and Madrid from around 7 AM to 11 PM; planes depart hourly, and more frequently in the morning and afternoon commuter hours.

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Airport Information: Girona–Costa Brava Airport (Afores s/n, | Vilobí d’Onyar | 17185 | 972/186600 | www.girona-airport.net). Reus–Barcelona Airport (Ctra. N240 [Km 4], | Reus | 43206 | 977/772204 | www.reus-airport.es). Carriers Besides the major Spanish carrier Iberia, Girona Airport serves a large number of charter and low-cost airlines, many of which are centralized under a single telephone number with the name Service Air. Airlines and Contacts: Air Europa (Afores s/n, | Vilobí d’Onyar | 17185 | 972/474014 | www.aireuropa.com). Iberia (Pl. Marqués de Camps 8 | Girona | 17004 | 972/474192). Monarch (Afores s/n, | Vilobí d’Onyar | 17185 | 972/474017 | www.monarch.com).

Fodor's Rome: With the Best City Walks and Scenic Day Trips
by Fodor's Travel Publications Inc.
Published 24 Sep 2012

Third-party carriers may have a price advantage. For travel within Italy and around Europe, a number of low-cost airlines can get you where you need to go, often at cheaper rates than by train. Because there are too many of these carriers to name, the best advice is to check out a useful website called Sky Scanner (www.skyscanner.net) which will scan all the major airlines and most of the low-cost airlines for you and give you the dates and companies with the most affordable rates. Keep in mind that low-cost airlines offer no-frills service. Any extras, such as meals, fast check-ins and boarding, extra luggage, and even slightly overweight luggage will cost you.

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It’s 30 km (19 miles) southwest of the city, on the coast. It has been enlarged and equipped with computerized baggage handling and has a direct train link with downtown Rome. Rome’s other airport is Ciampino (CIA), on Via Appia Nuova, 15 km (9 miles) south of downtown. Ciampino is a civil and military airport now used by most low-cost airlines that fly both nationally and internationally. There are no trains linking the Ciampino airport to downtown Rome but there are a number of shuttle buses running daily. Airport Information Ciampino. 06/65951 | www.adr.it. Leonardo da Vinci Airport/Fiumicino. 06/65951 | www.adr.it. Transfers Between Fiumicino and Downtown When approaching by car, follow the signs for Rome and the GRA (the ring road that circles Rome).

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Any extras, such as meals, fast check-ins and boarding, extra luggage, and even slightly overweight luggage will cost you. Make sure to read all the fine print when booking a flight with a low-cost airline, especially the rules pertaining to boarding and luggage. The least expensive airfares to Rome are priced for round-trip travel and must usually be purchased in advance. Airlines generally allow you to change your return date for a fee; most low-fare tickets, however, are nonrefundable. Airline Contacts Alitalia. 89/2910, 0870/544–8259 in U.K., 06/65643 in Rome, 06/65640 Lost Baggage Claim | www.alitalia.it. American Airlines. 800/433–7300, 06/66053169 in Rome | www.aa.com.

Insight Guides Pocket Turkey (Travel Guide eBook)
by Insight Guides
Published 31 Jul 2019

It has one terminal and four runways and is currently linked with İstanbul only by frequent Havaist and İETT buses (23 routes; 30–90mins depending on traffic and destination), but will eventually be connected with the city by several metro lines. Istanbul Atatürk Airport closed to scheduled passenger flights in April 2019. The low-cost carrier Pegasus Airlines (www.flypgs.com), together with regional airline (Anadolu Jet), use Sabiha Gökçen Airport (www.sgairport.com) at Pendik, about 46km (25 miles) from the centre of İstanbul on the Asian shore. Transport from here is slow, with buses to the city centre (6am–10pm, 1–2hr depending on traffic); the green E10 bus to Kadiköy connecting directly with ferries across the Bosphorus to Eminönü and E9 bus to the Tavşantepe metro station; or taxis which can be very expensive.

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The national carrier, Turkish Airlines (THY, www.turkishairlines.com), provides direct services across the globe, including London Gatwick and London Heathrow to İstanbul Airport, as well as domestic services. From the UK, British Airways (www.britishairways.com) from London Heathrow, and Atlas Global (www.atlasglb.com) from London Stansted fly direct to İstanbul Airport, and low-cost carriers such as Pegasus Airlines (www.flypgs.com) provide flights throughout the year to Sabiha Gökçen Airport. By land. Travelling from other European cities to İstanbul by train is long (about 72 hours from London), but enjoyable if you have sufficient time. Trains from Europe arrive at Sirkeci Station in Eminönü, in the heart of old Constantinople.

Scandinavia
by Andy Symington
Published 24 Feb 2012

Getting There & Away Air Stockholm Arlanda Airport ( 797 60 00; www.arlanda.se) Stockholm’s main airport, 45km north of the city centre, reached from central Stockholm by bus and express train. Bromma Stockholm Airport ( 797 68 00) Located 8km west of Stockholm, used for some domestic flights. Stockholm Skavsta Airport ( 0155-28 04 00) 100km south of Stockholm, near Nyköping, mostly used by low-cost carriers such as Ryanair. Västerås Airport ( 21 80 56 10) About 100km northwest of Stockholm on the E18 motorway, this tiny airport is used by Ryanair. Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS; 0770-72 77 27; www.sas.se) Network serves 28 Swedish destinations from Arlanda airport and has international services to Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki and a host of other European cities including Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Berlin, Dublin, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hamburg, London, Manchester, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, St Petersburg and Zagreb.

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The main international Norwegian airports are: Gardermoen (Oslo), Flesland (Bergen), Sola (Stavanger), Tromsø, Værnes (Trondheim), Vigra (Ålesund), Karmøy (Haugesund), Kjevik (Kristiansand) and Torp (Sandefjord). Dozens of international airlines fly to/from Norwegian airports. Airlines that use Norway as their primary base include the following: Norwegian (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline. SAS (www.sas.no) Widerøe (www.wideroe.no) A subsidiary of SAS. Land Norway shares land borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. FINLAND Buses run between northern Norway and northern Finland with most cross-border services operated by the Finnish company Eskelisen Lapin Linjat ( 016-342 2160; www.eskelisen-lapinlinjat.com) .

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The major Norwegian domestic routes are quite competitive, meaning that it is possible (if you’re flexible about departure dates and book early) to travel for little more than the equivalent train fare. Four airlines fly domestic routes: DOT LT (www.flydot.no) Small planes with flights to Oslo from Røros and Fagernes. Norwegian (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline with extensive network throughout the country. SAS (www.sas.no) The largest route network on mainland Norway and the only flights to Longyearbyen (Svalbard). Widerøe (www.wideroe.no) A subsidiary of SAS with smaller planes and a handful of flights to smaller regional airports. Bicycle Given Norway’s great distances, hilly terrain and narrow roads, only serious cyclists engage in extensive cycle touring, but those who do rave about the experience.

Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action
by Simon Sinek
Published 29 Oct 2009

At first Kelleher called King’s idea a dumb one, but by the end of the evening King had successfully inspired him with his vision and Kelleher agreed to consider coming on board. It would take four years, however, before Southwest Airlines would make its first flight from Dallas’s Love Field to Houston. Southwest did not invent the concept of a low-cost airline. Pacific Southwest Airlines pioneered the industry—Southwest even copied their name. Southwest had no first mover’s advantage—Braniff International Airways, Texas International Airlines and Continental Airlines were already serving the Texas market, and none was eager to give up any ground. But Southwest was not built to be an airline.

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Without a sense of WHY, Song and Ted were just another couple of airlines. Without a clear sense of WHY, all that people had to judge them on was price or convenience. They were commodities that had to rely on manipulations to build their businesses, an expensive proposition. United abandoned its entry into the low-cost airline business just four years after it began, and Delta’s Song also took its last flight only four years after it launched. It is a false assumption that differentiation happens in HOW and WHAT you do. Simply offering a high-quality product with more features or better service or a better price does not create difference.

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Everyone knew what VW stood for—power to the people. It brought its cause to life in products that were all about quality that the average person could afford. In a single swoop of German ingenuity, VW had been put completely out of balance. This is not like Dell coming out with an mp3 player or United starting the low-cost airline Ted. In those cases, we had no idea what the companies’ WHYs were. Absent any knowledge or feeling for their WHY, we couldn’t bring ourselves to buy products from them that went anything beyond WHAT they do. In this case, VW has a clear WHY, but WHAT they produced was completely misaligned. They failed the Celery Test.

Busy
by Tony Crabbe
Published 7 Jul 2015

This has two broad components: focusing your efforts more effectively to make the most impact with your scarce resources, and capturing the attention of your distracted and overwhelmed consumers. This chapter looks at the first of these. Strategic Focus In 1993, Continental Airlines launched its new, low-cost airline, Continental Lite. It opened to great fanfare as a specific move to compete against highly successful low-cost competitors, such as Southwest Airlines. Continental had many advantages: It had a large and wealthy parent company; it was offering some of the cheapest fares in the industry; it could meet the frequency of other low-cost airlines; it could allow passengers to transfer between flights without having to collect their bags; and seats were pre-allocated.

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Find ways to use your core strengths a lot more, then figure out how to deal with all the other stuff that has been filling so much of your time to date. It is only our core strengths that allow us to make our greatest contribution—to our organization, to our families and to the world. Trade-Offs I remember watching a documentary about Ryanair, a successful European low-cost airline based on the model of Southwest Airlines. The program was made in the early days of Ryanair. It was designed as a shocking exposé of the terrible customer service provided by the airline. It revealed passengers receiving little or no support from Ryanair after being stranded in obscure airports when their flights were canceled, unexpected charges and fines, and rude and militant staff.

Lonely Planet Colombia (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Alex Egerton , Tom Masters and Kevin Raub
Published 30 Jun 2015

SatenaAIRLINE (%1 800 091 2034; www.satena.com) The commercial carrier of the FAC (Colombian Air Force) services flights to the vast areas of the Amazon, Los Llanos and the Pacific coast; it lands at numerous small towns and villages that would be otherwise virtually inaccessible. VivaColombiaAIRLINE (%4 444 9489; www.vivacolombia.co) Medellín-based upstart low-cost carrier serving many of Colombia's main destinations. Bicycle Colombia is not the easiest of countries for cyclists, though the sport is wildly popular in certain regions (Boyacá, for example). Road rules favor drivers and you'll end up fighting traffic on main roadways. Never assume that a driver will give you right of way.

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There are regular buses along the main highway from Bogotá to Bucaramanga and beyond. Cúcuta is a major entry point for travelers coming from Venezuela. Within the region intercity buses and minivans depart frequently. By plane, many cities, including Bucaramanga and Cúcuta, are increasingly served by low-cost airlines; and an airport in San Gil is supposedly opening in 2015. Boyacá The department of Boyacá evokes a sense of patriotism among Colombians; it was here that Colombian troops won their independence from Spain at the Battle of Boyacá. The department is dotted with quaint colonial towns; you could easily spend a few days bouncing between them.

The Connected Company
by Dave Gray and Thomas Vander Wal
Published 2 Dec 2014

Southwest focuses on long-term, win/win relationships with workers and their unions. But when United, Delta, and Continental launched low-cost airlines, they saddled the new ventures with existing systems. They had to use the same workers and deal with the same unions. They had to use existing planes and reservation systems. They had to operate out of the same centralized hubs. These attempts to gain cost advantages by using existing systems hampered the ability of the low-cost airlines to compete. LA Times writer Jane Engle said of United spin-off TED: I was disappoint-TED…At the gate, there was a forest of orange signs, offering cheery greetings such as “It’s a great day to be flying,” and “Ted is happy to see you.”

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Before they will join, people and companies want to know they can trust the platform provider to support them and adjust over time to meet their needs. That’s a big leap. Failure to Invest in the Platform Building networks and the platforms to support them takes time and money. If you run out of cash before you reach critical mass, the platform will fail. People Express, another low-cost airline, launched in 1981 and initially grew very rapidly. Early success led the company to go on a buying spree, acquiring three airlines in its fourth year of operations. But People Express bit off more than it could chew. Three acquisitions in a row created a massive debt load. Labor struggles emerged with unions at the newly acquired companies.

Second World: Empires and Influence in the New Global Order
by Parag Khanna
Published 4 Mar 2008

But European agro-technology ensures that Romania, something of a European Appalachia, can move from a peasant collective to a breadbasket for the region as well as a hub for low-cost industry beyond its trademark AK-47 assault rifles.4 Similarly, the EU’s threats of admission delays coaxed even perpetually schizophrenic Bulgaria to break up organized crime and human trafficking rings to qualify for billions in desperately needed subsidies.5 With the EU stamp of approval, Bulgarians are returning to work in refurbished factories, and Euro-hippies flock by car or on low-cost airlines to its Black Sea beaches. “Bulgaria is the new Costa del Sol!” a British tourist in Burgas chimed. Given the historical instability of the Balkans, the European empire will remain incomplete and vulnerable until the “Eastern Question” that vexed European statesmen a century ago is settled. Fortunately, the total population of the remaining western and southern Balkan countries—Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, Albania—does not even add up to that of Romania, with no country larger in population than Manhattan.

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Drug cartels make partnerships far more quickly across these borders than governments do, as evidenced by the growing drug transit through the vast Arauca province along the twelve hundred miles of Venezuelan border, and by Brazil’s growing cocaine consumption and shipments to Europe.2 In 2005, a low-cost airline flying from Brazil to European destinations was shut down once the tons of drugs that subsidized the cheap fares were seized. America’s militarized approach to the drug problem is hardly helping it win the war, something it clearly has not realized yet. The Pentagon’s Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) limits itself to naval assistance, border monitoring, and humanitarian relief in the hemisphere—except in Colombia, where several hundred military advisers operate commando bases from which they work side by side with the Colombian army on interdiction, disruption of trafficking networks, and counterinsurgency activity.

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While in the West government is seen as stifling innovation, East Asian governments today are heavily reinvesting their massive capital liquidity in innovation. And as intra-Asian trade now exceeds transpacific trade, Asians can set their own rules.†49 There is no reason for Asians to leave Asia. Asian travelers today effortlessly hop on and off low-cost airlines to explore over a dozen distinct and inviting cultures. “East Asian nations are rooted in precolonial history, so we are far more stable than postcolonial African or Arab states. We see no reason for one’s prosperity to cause rivalry with others,” a Malay-Chinese historian argued during a small seminar of Southeast Asian academics at the University of Malaya.

The Great Reversal: How America Gave Up on Free Markets
by Thomas Philippon
Published 29 Oct 2019

Firms included only if data for the corresponding country are available in STAN. Profit rates are from OECD STAN. As a result of the efforts of the commission, new airlines entered the market. Although the US pioneered the business model of low-cost airlines in the 1980s, they have mostly disappeared today. Even Southwest’s cost structure resembles that of other major airlines. Europe pushed in the opposite direction. Europe has had two powerful low-cost airlines for more than twenty years: RyanAir and EasyJet. RyanAir has priced aggressively at the low end of the market, forcing other airlines to adjust. You can see the impact of competition on profit margins of European airlines in Figure 8.3.

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By the mid-2000s, many government officials had given up hope that Air France would reform itself internally. In 2007, younger and reform-minded cabinet officials decided to bring in outside competition.m EasyJet was allowed to enter the French market in 2008, and its market share grew quickly. Low-cost airlines such as Transavia, Hop, and Vueling now provide more than a third of all domestic flights within France and about half of flights to other EU countries. This is not to say that competition in French skies is completely free and fair today. Take-off and landing slots are heavily regulated. Paris has two airports.

Sweden Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Bromma Airport (BMA; GOOGLE MAP ; %010-109 40 00; www.swedavia.se/bromma; Ulvsundavägen; dBrommaplan) Located 8km west of the city centre, Bromma is handy for domestic flights but services only a handful of airlines, primarily British Airways, Brussels Airlines and Finnair. Stockholm Skavsta Airport (Nyköping Airport (NYO); GOOGLE MAP ; %0155-28 04 00; www.skavsta.se/en; General Schybergs Plan 22, Nyköping; gFlygbussarna) Small airport 100km southwest of Stockholm, near Nyköping, served by low-cost carriers Ryanair and WizzAir. Boat The main ferry lines with routes from Stockholm are Silja Line ( MAP GOOGLE MAP ; %08-22 21 40; www.tallinksilja.com; Silja & Tallink Customer Service Office, Cityterminalen; h9am-6pm Mon-Fri, to 3pm Sat) and Viking Line, which operate a regular ferry line to both Turku and Helsinki in Finland.

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Otherwise, a big day out here doesn't usually get much more exciting than taking a pleasant riverside stroll or having a picnic by the harbour. Although visitors to the city limits number in their tens of thousands each year, most people won't even know they've passed through – Stockholm's alternative international airport, Skavsta, popular with low-cost carriers, is located here. 1Sights & Activities On a fine day it's a nice idea to take a walk along the river or explore the Sörmlands archipelago, which extends more than 50km north of Nyköping, by canoe or boat. Enquire at Nyköpings Turistbyrå for suggested itineraries. F11 MuseumMUSEUM ( GOOGLE MAP ; %0155-21 18 98; www.f11museum.se; Flygspanarvägen 3; 30kr; h9am-noon Tue, 11am-4pm Sun; p) You don't have to be a planespotter to enjoy this excellent little volunteer-run museum which gives an insight into the F11 aircraft and pilots who flew reconnaissance missions from the former base at Skavsta between 1965 and 1979.

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Après-dinner, folks tend to stick around for drinks at the bar. 8Information Nyköpings Turistbyrå ( GOOGLE MAP ; %0155-24 82 00; www.nykopingsguiden.se; Stora Torget 83; h8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun) Has plenty of brochures and rents bikes (75/250kr per day/week). 8Getting There & Around Nyköping is 110km southwest of Stockholm on the E4 motorway. Nyköping’s Skavsta Airport ( GOOGLE MAP ; %0155-28 04 00; www.skavsta-air.se), 8km northwest of town, has flights to/from the UK and continental Europe with a variery of low-cost carriers. Flygbussarna (%0771-51 52 52; www.flygbussarna.se/en/; hcustomer service 8am-11pm) operates airport shuttle buses to meet most flights to/from Stockholm (139kr, 80 minutes). Local bus 515 runs regularly between Nyköping and Skavsta (42kr, 20 minutes); alternatively, catching a taxi with Taxi Nyköping Oxelösund (%0155-21 75 00; www.taxinyox.se/eng) into Nyköping will set you back about 230kr.

The Crash Detectives: Investigating the World's Most Mysterious Air Disasters
by Christine Negroni
Published 26 Sep 2016

He had a guaranteed job flying for his nation’s flag carrier, which served sixty destinations around the globe and operated the Airbus A380, the world’s largest airliner. His professional future was full of promise and so was his personal life. During cadet training he met and fell in love with a fellow student, Nadira Ramli, who became a first officer with AirAsia, a Kuala Lumpur–based low-cost carrier. Ramli, one year younger than Fariq, was so charming that she was selected by AirAsia to represent the company on a public relations and marketing campaign that included a drive across China in 2012. In March 2014, Fariq and Ramli were engaged to be married. While Zaharie was out of the cockpit, it would be Fariq’s job to tune the radio to the Ho Chi Minh air traffic control frequency.

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From January to October of the following year, he underwent psychiatric treatment for reactive depression that a German medical examiner told the FAA had been triggered by excessive demands. By 2010, Lubitz was considered fit to continue his training, and so he did: ground school in Bremen, and then flight school in Phoenix, followed by jet training back in Bremen and a stint as a flight attendant. In 2013 he became a first officer on Lufthansa’s low-cost carrier GermanWings. In the spring of 2015, Lubitz would commandeer his own flight from Barcelona to Dusseldorf and fly it into a mountain, killing himself and 149 others. The thirty-four-year-old captain, Patrick Sondenheimer, had left the cockpit to go to the bathroom after leveling the plane at thirty-eight thousand feet.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
by Tim. Clancy
Published 15 Mar 2022

Norwegian Airlines w norwegian.com Pegasus Airlines w flypgs.com Qatar Airways w qatarairways.com Swiss w swiss.com Turkish Airlines w turkishairlines.com Wizz Air w wizzair.com Other airports Banja Luka (w bnx.aero) and Tuzla (w tuzla-airport.ba) are the only other major international airports in BiH offering daily flights. It may be easier to reach Sarajevo by flying to either of these airports via a low-cost carrier such as Ryanair or Wizz Air and booking a transfer to the capital. Balkan Transfer (m 061 240 230; w balkantransfer.com) offers connections between Tuzla and Banja Luka to both Sarajevo and Mostar for a reasonable price. Banja Luka operates direct flights to Belgrade, Brussels, Berlin, Memmingen and Stockholm, while Tuzla airport offers departures to several towns in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and The Netherlands.

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Mostar airport (w mostar-airport.ba) does have several weekly flights to Zagreb, as well as charter flights for groups coming to Međugorje (usually from Ireland, Italy and the UK), but it is usually more expensive, less convenient and less reliable to fly out of Mostar. Flights to neighbouring countries During high season it may be cheaper to fly to neighbouring Croatia or Serbia with a low-cost airline than to head directly into Sarajevo. Dubrovnik, Split and Belgrade are popular destinations for most major airlines, including the cheap-flight giants Ryanair (w ryanair.com), easyJet (w easyjet.com) and Eurowings (w eurowings.com). Dubrovnik is a 2-hour car ride from Mostar or 4–5 hours from Sarajevo, while Split it is some 3 hours by car to Mostar and just over 5 hours to Sarajevo.

Germany Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Tourist Office (01805-101 030; www.bremen-tourism.de) There is a tourist office in the city centre (www.bremen-tourism.de; Obernstrasse; 10am-6.30pm Mon-Fri, 10am-4pm Sat & Sun) near Markt and another at the main train station (9am-7pm Mon-Fri, 9.30am-6pm Sat & Sun). Getting There & Away Air Bremen Airport (BRE; www.airport-bremen.de) is about 3.5km south of the centre and has flights to destinations in Germany and Europe. Airline offices here include Air Berlin (www.airberlin.com) and Lufthansa Airlines (www.lufthansa.com). Low-cost carrier Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) flies to Edinburgh and London Stansted. Boat Hal Över Schreiber Reederei (338 989; www.hal-oever.de; Schlachte 2, Martinianleger; office 9am-3pm Mon & Fri, to 5pm Wed) operates scheduled services along the Weser between April and September. Boats from Bremen to Bremerhaven (one way/return €15/25, 3½ hours), with numerous stops en route, depart at 8.30am every Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday, and 9.30am on Sunday during peak summer months.

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Offices include: Airport (Airport Plaza btwn Terminals 1 & 2; 6am-11pm) Hauptbahnhof (Kirchenallee exit; 8am-9pm Mon-Sat, 10am-6pm Sun) St Pauli Landungsbrücken (btwn piers 4 & 5; 8am-6pm Apr-Oct, 10am-6pm Nov-Mar; Landungsbrücken) Getting There & Away Air Hamburg Airport (HAM; www.flughafen-hamburg.de) has frequent flights to domestic and European cities, including on Lufthansa and most other major European carriers; low-cost carriers include Air Berlin and EasyJet. Despite their marketing hype, the ‘Hamburg’ services by Ryanair and Wizzair use Lübeck’s airport (Click here). Bus The ZOB (Busbahnhof, Central Bus Station; 247 576; www.zob-hamburg.de; Adenauerallee 78; ticket counters 5am-10pm Mon-Tue, Thu, Sat & Sun, to midnight Wed & Fri) is southeast of the Hauptbahnhof.

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Information Tourist Office (Welcome Center am Holstentor; 01805 882 233; www.luebeck-tourismus.de; Holstentorplatz 1; 9.30am-7pm Mon-Fri, 10am-3pm Sat & 10am-2pm Sun Jun-Sep, 9.30am-6pm Mon-Fri & 10am-3pm Sat Oct-May) Sells the Happy Day Card (per 1/2/3 days €10/12/15) offering free public transport in Lübeck and Travemünde and museum discounts. Also has a cafe and internet terminals. Netzwerk (409 5552; Wahmstrasse 58; per hr €2; 10am-10pm Mon-Sat) Internet access. Getting There & Away Air Low-cost carriers Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) and Wizzair (www.wizzair.com) serve Lübeck airport (LBC; www.flughafen-luebeck.de), which they euphemistically call Hamburg-Lübeck. Destinations include Milan and Stockholm. Buses take passengers straight to Hamburg (one-way €10, 55 minutes), while scheduled bus 6 (€2.70) serves Lübeck’s Hauptbahnhof and central bus station.

The Virgin Way: Everything I Know About Leadership
by Richard Branson
Published 8 Sep 2014

Michael O’Leary, CEO of the Irish airline Ryanair, once described his ideal customer as ‘someone with a pulse and a credit card’ and in the same ‘Lunch with the Financial Times’ interview referred to the British Airports Authority as the ‘Evil Empire’ and the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority as a bunch of ‘cretins and twerps’. While nobody can question Ryanair’s incredible financial success (last time I checked the low-cost carrier had built a market cap of over $13 billion), being voted Europe’s ‘least liked’ airline by TripAdvisor subscribers is something that would not sit well with me no matter how good the bottom line looks. American property magnate Donald Trump is another controversial character who seems to be either loved or hated by the consumer and is perhaps most famous for his ‘You’re fired’ line, something he seems to delight in telling people on his TV show The Apprentice.

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If you were born after 1960, Freddie’s name maybe doesn’t ring a bell as his ground-breaking Laker Airways was driven out of business in 1982, and even more sadly Freddie died in 2006 at the way-too-early age of eighty-three. A lifelong entrepreneur par excellence, Freddie was one of the greatest innovators of twentieth-century aviation and an utterly inspirational human being. Freddie invented what today we’d call a ‘low-cost carrier’ and in the process, made transatlantic air travel an affordable reality for a vast new cross-section of consumers. He was a swashbuckling hero whose larger-than-life personality, street smarts and indomitable good humour made him a standout leader in what at the time was a moribund industry desperately in need of someone to take it in a new direction.

Are Trams Socialist?: Why Britain Has No Transport Policy
by Christian Wolmar
Published 19 May 2016

One of the ironies of the availability of new technology in transport, highlighted in chapter 5, is that its most potentially transformational use has largely been ignored. Modern information and communications technology allows for variable pricing, which means that parking or train tickets could be priced differentially according to the time of day or year. For that reason, the low-cost airlines are not always low cost – try booking a summer August Saturday on Ryanair or easyJet to a Mediterranean resort! Yet the most obvious use of this technology would be for road pricing. Roads are a scarce resource, which, as mentioned previously, are free at the point of use: a practice that makes any self-respecting economist tear their hair out.

Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die
by Chip Heath and Dan Heath
Published 18 Dec 2006

Another example we discussed in Chapter 1 was Southwest Airlines’ proverb “THE low-cost airline.” Again, most Southwest staffers and customers know that Southwest is a discount airline. In that context, the proverb seems intuitive. It was only when Kelleher put teeth in the proverb—refusing to offer chicken salad to customers even if they really wanted it—that its meaning sank in. Before Kelleher, an average staffer’s guessing machine might have predicted, “We want to please our customers in a low-cost way.” After Kelleher, the guessing machine was refined to “We will be THE low-cost airline, even if it means intentionally disregarding some of our customers’ preferences.”

Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life
by Rory Sutherland
Published 6 May 2019

Highly successful publications such as the Week effectively take the world’s newspapers and make them digestible by removing a lot of extraneous content; McDonald’s deleted 99 per cent of items from the traditional American diner repertoire; Starbucks placed little emphasis on food for the first decade of its existence and concentrated on coffee; low-cost airlines competed on the basis of what in-flight comforts you didn’t get. If you want to offer ease of use – and ease of purchase – it is often a good idea not to offer people a Swiss Army knife, something that claims to do lots of things.* With the notable exception of the mobile phone, we generally find it easier to buy things that serve a single purpose.

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Robert Cialdini has observed that, as you are closing a sale, the admission of a downside oddly adds persuasive power: ‘Yes, it is expensive, but you’ll soon find it’s worth it,’ seems to be a strangely persuasive construction – explicitly mentioning a product’s weakness enables people to downplay its importance and accept the trade-off, rather than endlessly worrying about the potential downside. If you are introducing a new product, it might pay to bear this in mind. When you think about it, it is rather strange how explicit low-cost airlines are about what their ticket prices don’t include: a pre-allocated seat, a meal, free drinks, free checked luggage – such deficiencies help to explain and destigmatise the low prices. ‘Oh, I see,’ you can say, when you see a flight to Budapest advertised for £37, ‘the reason that low price is possible is because I won’t be paying for a lot of expensive fripperies that I probably don’t want anyway.’

Berlitz: Norway Pocket Guide
by Berlitz
Published 31 May 2015

The quickest way to the centre of Oslo is the Gardermoen Line Airport Express Train, Flytoget, taking 19 minutes and running six times an hour to the Central Station. There are also regular commuter trains operated by Norwegian State Railway, airport coaches and a taxi rank outside the airport (www.oslo.no). Ryanair and other low-cost carriers fly into Torp airport, near Sandefjord, 110km (68 miles) south of Oslo. Coaches are laid on to coincide with the flights and take approximately 2–2½ hours. There are also trains to Sandefjord with a bus shuttle to the airport (www.torp.no). Bergen Flesland is 20km (12 miles) south of Bergen.

Lonely Planet Pocket Hamburg
by Lonely Planet
Published 1 Mar 2019

Flights, cars and tours can be booked online at lonelyplanet.com/bookings. Hamburg Airport Hamburg Airport (Flughafen Hamburg Helmut Schmidt; HAM; %040-507 50; www.hamburg-airport.de; Flughafenstrasse; dHamburg Airport) has frequent flights to domestic and European cities with Lufthansa and most other major European carriers. Low-cost carriers include Ryanair, Air Berlin, easyJet and Eurowings. There are also a handful of intercontinental flights, such as to New York and Dubai. Hamburg Hauptbahnhof & Altona Frequent trains serve regional and long-distance destinations from Hamburg. There are two mainline stations worth noting: Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (Main Train Station; www.hamburger-hbf.de; dHauptbahnhof) The main rail hub for northern Germany.

Lonely Planet Pocket Hamburg
by Anthony Ham
Published 15 Nov 2022

If you’re travelling by train and bus, Hamburg is an important hub for northern Germany, with a number of long-distance domestic and international services, as well as shorter regional bus and train services. Hamburg Airport Hamburg Airport (Flughafen Hamburg Helmut Schmidt; HAM; %040-507 50; www.hamburg-airport.de; Flughafenstrasse; dHamburg Airport) has frequent flights to domestic and European cities with Lufthansa and most other major European carriers. Low-cost carriers include Ryanair, Air Berlin, easyJet and Eurowings. There are also a handful of intercontinental flights, such as to New York and Dubai. Getting Around Bicycle Many hostels and some hotels arrange bike rental for guests. Zweiradperle (map; %040-3037 3474; www.zweiradperle.hamburg; Altstädter Strasse 3-7; rental per day from €14, tour incl rental from €25; h10am-6pm daily Apr–mid-Oct, 11am-6pm Tue-Fri, to 3pm Sat mid-Oct–Mar, tour 10.30am daily; XSteinstrasse) is also a good source.

Lonely Planet Switzerland
by Lonely Planet

Etihad Regional Connections from Geneva, Lugano and Zürich to Spain, France, Italy, Germany, Asia and the United Arab Emirates. Eurowings (www.eurowings.com) German low-cost carrier flying from Zürich and Geneva to Europe and the UK. Flybe (www.flybe.com) Flights from Geneva and Zürich to Manchester, Birmingham and other UK cities. Helvetic Airways (www.helvetic.com) Budget Swiss airline, with flights from Zürich to Shannon (Ireland) and Bordeaux (France), and from Bern to Olbia (Sardinia) and Palma de Mallorca (Spain). Hop (www.hop.com) Low-cost carrier of Air France, with flights from Geneva to/from Biarritz and Calvi (Corsica). Jet2.com (www.jet2.com) Connections between Geneva and UK destinations London Stansted, Birmingham, East Midlands, Edinburgh, Leeds Bradford and Manchester.

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Discounted tickets on this route start at Sfr78. EuroAirport (MLH or BSL; GOOGLE MAP ; %+33 3 89 90 31 11; www.euroairport.com) serves Basel (as well as Mulhouse, France and Freiburg, Germany). Located 5km north of the city, in France, it offers flights to numerous European cities on a variety of low-cost carriers. 8Getting Around Airport Bus 50 ( GOOGLE MAP ) runs every seven to 30 minutes from 5am to midnight between the airport and SBB Bahnhof (Sfr4.70, 20 minutes). Buy tickets at the machine outside the arrivals hall (bills, coins and credit cards accepted). The trip by taxi (%061 222 22 22; www.taxi-zentrale.ch) costs around Sfr40.

The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters
by Rose George
Published 13 Oct 2008

I think of Ronnie Kasrils and I ask Makhanya whether there’s any South African sanitation champion equal to the former Minister for Toilets. She smiles sweetly. “It’s still us! With our teeth. With our false teeth.” On my penultimate day in South Africa, Trevor and I fly to Cape Town brain-squeezingly early on Kulula, yet another cheery low-cost airline. I don’t know who decided that low-cost airlines had to try to be funny, but they did and they do. The flight attendant says, “We have landed in Cape Town. If that’s not where you want to be, that’s your problem.” We do want to be here, partly to meet Trevor’s daughter, the presidential hopeful. We’re also here to meet Shoni, an old acquaintance who got in touch after hearing the radio interview.

The Mini Rough Guide to Vienna (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Jun 2023

hospital Spital police Polizei G Getting There By Air: There is regular service to Vienna from various centres in the UK. Austrian Airlines (www.austrian.com) and British Airways (www.ba.com) operate scheduled direct flights from London Heathrow. Flying time from London is two and a half hours. The low-cost airline Ryanair (www.ryanair.com) flies from London Stansted, Bristol, Manchester and Edinburgh to Vienna, while easyJet (www.easyjet.com) operate a service to Salzburg from London Gatwick. The train journey from Salzburg to Vienna takes three hours. Ryanair also fly to Bratislava in Slovakia, a short hop across the border from Vienna.

DK Eyewitness Top 10 Azores
by Dk Eyewitness
Published 22 Dec 2022

There are daily direct flights from Lisbon’s Humberto Delgado International Airport to Ponta Delgada with Azores Airlines, which also flies daily out of Porto, with Tuesday and Sunday flights to Lajes. TAP Air Portugal flies from Lisbon and Porto to Ponta Delgada and Lajes on a daily basis. Low-cost carrier Ryanair also flies from Lisbon and Porto to Ponta Delgada and Lajes. It operates direct flights from London Stansted and (weekly) Manchester in the UK to Ponta Delgada. Azores Airlines has direct flights from Boston and Toronto to Ponta Delgada and Terceira. Arriving by Sea The Portas do Mar maritime terminal at Ponta Delgada is the first port of call for visitors arriving at São Miguel by cruise ship and inter-island ferries.

Cyprus - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture
by Constantine Buhayer
Published 24 Feb 2022

The old country matters dearly. The Limassol-born British Cypriot magnate Theo Paphitis stated that “in the Diaspora, Cyprus has a second Cyprus abroad.” His friend, Famagusta-born Touker Suleiman, entrepreneur and fellow TV personality, is keenly attached to his Cypriot roots. Stelios Haji-Ioannou, whose Easy Jet low-cost airline revolutionized air travel, keeps returning. So many became high achievers that they featured in a special publication of “Greek Rich List.” Singer-songwriter George Michael (Giorgos Panayiotou) in his soulful song “Round Here” evokes his Greek-Cypriot father disembarking in London, “My daddy got here on the gravy train … it was 1957 and love felt the same.”

The Mini Rough Guide to Nice, Cannes & Monte Carlo (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Apr 2023

Airport Aéroport Nice-Côte d’Azur (NCE), on the western edge of Nice, is France’s second-busiest airport (tel: 08 20 42 33 33/04 89 88 98 28, www.nice.aeroport.fr). There are connections to all major European cities, North Africa and some American cities. There are numerous flights from the UK with both national and low-cost airlines: Air France (UK tel: 0207 660 0337, France tel: 3654, www.airfrance.com) flights from Paris. Aer Lingus (Ireland tel: 01 761 7834, France tel: 01 86 99 57 28, www.aerlingus.com) flights from Dublin (seasonal). British Airways (UK tel: 0344 493 0787, France tel: 01 86 99 00 01, www.britishairways.com) flights from London Heathrow, Gatwick and City.

Lonely Planet Pocket Nice and Monaco 3 3rd Ed
by Lonely Planet
Published 15 Apr 2024

Hôtel Villa Rose (www.hotelvillarose.com) Lovingly converted old villa north of the Libération market. Exedra (http://nice.boscolohotels.com) Ultra-luxurious five-star with its own private spa. Arriving in Nice Nice Côte d’Azur Airport Located about 7km west of the city centre, France’s second-largest airport offers direct flights with regular and low-cost airlines to cities throughout France and Europe, including London in only two hours. A few international flights also serve North Africa and the US. The airport has two terminals, linked by a free shuttle bus. Excellent, low-cost public transport connects the airport to downtown, and its location near the A8 autoroute on Nice’s western outskirts makes this a convenient place to pick up or drop off a rental car.

Flying Blind: The 737 MAX Tragedy and the Fall of Boeing
by Peter Robison
Published 29 Nov 2021

A week after the new headquarters opened, the September 11 attacks caused a steep downturn in travel. Mulally’s commercial airplane business had to cut a third of its workforce. Airbus, its sales team led by a silver-tongued New Yorker named John Leahy, continued gaining ground. The A320 snatched away even rapidly growing low-cost airlines like JetBlue and EasyJet, which departed from Southwest’s model of using the 737 as the short-haul workhorse. In 2003, the European plane maker surpassed Boeing for the first time as the largest maker of commercial aircraft in the world, delivering 305 planes to Boeing’s 281. “We’re number two,” Mulally told a gathering of his top executives.

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In the concourse, Isom explained how confident American was in the improvements made to the plane, and at the gate, when it was announced as a MAX flight, nobody ran. (In fact, some thrill seekers had specifically booked it.) Isom sat in one of the first rows himself when the plane took off, at 10:30 a.m., and landed at New York’s LaGuardia Airport two and a half hours later. Just another routine flight. A low-cost airline in Brazil, GOL, had been the first to bring back the MAX a few weeks earlier, and by midyear, the plane was in service with carriers worldwide, from United Airlines to Ryanair to Air Canada. The Boeing team working to recertify the plane grumbled that while Canadian regulators held their feet to the fire on the final design changes, Air Canada pilots had continued flying the plane without passengers to keep their licenses current.

Railways & the Raj: How the Age of Steam Transformed India
by Christian Wolmar
Published 3 Oct 2018

That is an unforgettable experience and the railway journey my partner, Deborah Maby, and I took in early 2016 was very helpful in providing the backdrop. Consequently, the book ends with a description of the first section of our trip partly written by her. Despite the recent surge in road construction and the introduction of low-cost airlines, the very heavily used railways remain the backbone of the Indian transport system. Train travel in India is not an easy experience, even for the Westerner with ample funds, but do not be put off. First, you have to book the journey, which can be done online via the Indian Railways website; this, however, is full of confusing information and unnecessary complications.

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The government wanted railways to provide the main method of long-distance travel, both for passengers and for freight, while its roads policy for the first few decades after the war was based on the target of connecting every village in the country to the network rather than on improving inter-urban routes. The first motorway was not built until the late 1990s, and even today many are little used because of high tolls. While there has been an expansion of flights in recent years, including the arrival of low-cost airlines, there is still a lack of capacity, and travelling by train remains by far the cheapest option. Several of the new railway lines were built for specific freight traffic, principally carrying minerals to ports, but there were also some remarkable additions of passenger routes. The most startling achievement was the construction of the Konkan line along the west coast south of Bombay, which had long been a missing link in the network.

How I Built This: The Unexpected Paths to Success From the World's Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs
by Guy Raz
Published 14 Sep 2020

In 1969, in fact, it got so bad that the company ran out of money, and the Southwest board of directors talked seriously about shutting down the airline. It was Herb’s willingness to “litigate for nothing and to pay all the court costs out of [his] own pocket” that kept the lights on. In keeping his day job for as long as he did, he gave Southwest the runway it needed to take flight as the newest (and only, at the time) no-frills, low-cost airline. Today, it carries more passengers than all but two airlines in the entire world. Herb didn’t give up his law practice until 1981, fourteen years af­ter the founding of Southwest Airlines, and he only did it at the request of the board of directors. Daymond John didn’t hang on for quite so long.

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The knowledge that he could go back to Boston Consulting Group or some other management consulting firm whenever he wanted, made the insane decision (at the time) to start a craft brewery seem less crazy. For Sara Blakely, the billionaire founder of Spanx, selling fax machines was her fallback. For Mark Cuban, internet entrepreneur and Daymond John’s fellow shark, it was bartending. The founder of JetBlue Airways, David Neeleman, knew that if his idea for a low-cost airline that flew out of big markets didn’t take off, he could always go back to being a travel agent. These fallback plans offered varying degrees of psychological security to the brilliant founders who had them, but how much money they could make was far less important than the fact that they could at least be assured of making enough money to live.

The Key Man: The True Story of How the Global Elite Was Duped by a Capitalist Fairy Tale
by Simon Clark and Will Louch
Published 14 Jul 2021

* * * The afterglow from the Skoll conference boosted Arif’s public profile. But deep within Abraaj the cash crunch was worsening with each day that passed, compelling Arif to find ever more devious ways to raise money. A month after the forum, Arif’s team devised a new method, using shares of Air Arabia, a low-cost airline based in the UAE, as collateral to borrow money. The airline shares were rightfully owned by the investors in one of Abraaj’s funds but they were pledged to a bank as security for a $90 million loan. Instead of giving the borrowed money to the investors in the fund that owned the stock, Arif’s team took the money and used it to pay salaries, bonuses, and expenses.

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In a few weeks, on June 30, 2016, KPMG was due to audit the $1.6 billion Abraaj Private Equity Fund IV, which Arif had been continuously raiding. The fund had to be full of money by the end of June but $194 million was missing. “Don’t see any other inflows,” Waqar wrote to Arif. “This must be on your mind.” Arif turned to friends in a very unusual place to overcome this predicament. He was a board member at Air Arabia, the low-cost airline, and he asked the company’s management team to lend him $195 million. Amazingly, they agreed. Abraaj received the Air Arabia loan on June 22, 2016, and Arif used it to fill Fund IV with money. This enabled him to give the impression to KPMG and investors that no money was missing from the fund.

Peak Car: The Future of Travel
by David Metz
Published 21 Jan 2014

Businesses in the private sector need to be realistic when projecting future demand since they bear the cost of over-optimistic forecasts. As a salutatory example, passenger numbers on HS1, the high-speed railway linking London to the Channel Tunnel, turned out to be only a third of the original forecasts of the private sector operator because competition from the low-cost airlines and the ferries had been underestimated. The operator became insolvent, the investors lost their money and the route had to be bailed out by the Department for Transport, which in turn made over-optimistic forecasts of demand. The threat of insolvency bears much more heavily on private sector entities than on those in the public sector.

Berlitz Pocket Guide Stockholm
by Berlitz
Published 19 Dec 2017

You can also rent a bicycle at Bike Sweden (Narvavägen 13-17, tel. 08-525 270 00; www.bikesweden.se), or join a guided bike tour around the city (Stockholm Adventures, Hamngatan 37, tel: 08-33 60 01; www.stockholmadventures.com). Budgeting for your trip The following are some approximate prices in Swedish kronor (kr) to help you plan your travelling budget. Flights. Low-cost airlines can cost as low as 600kr return from the UK to Stockholm; scheduled flights are more likely to be in the region of 1,500kr return. The earlier the booking the lower the price is likely to be. Hotels. In general prices for hostel accommodation start at around 300kr. Mid-range hotel rooms can be found for around 800–1,200kr but it’s not unusual for prices to be as high as 2,000kr and above for more high-end hotels (for more information, click here or click here).

Tel Aviv 2015: The Retro Travel Guide
by Claudia Stein
Published 30 Mar 2015

Information is available on their website: http://mfa.gov.il/mfa/Pages/default.aspx 2.4.2 Departure Please make sure you are at the airport at least 3 hours before departure. Due to high-level security measures you will be interviewed about your stay before check-in, the luggage will be x-rayed and many times also manually inspected. If you fly home with a low-cost airline, the schedule might be really tight, and you have to calculate at least three hours lead time. At the moment, the check-in is located in the old terminal, but the flights are leaving from terminal 3. If you come to the airport by train, you will arrive in terminal 3, then you have to take a shuttle to terminal 1 and after check-in another shuttle back to terminal 3 from where all international flights are departing.

Tuscany Road Trips
by Duncan Garwood , Paula Hardy , Robert Landon and Nicola Williams
Published 2 Jun 2016

Vatican (www.vatican.va) The Vatican’s website. 8 Getting There & Away AIR Rome’s main international airport, Leonardo da Vinci, better known as Fiumicino, is on the coast 30km west of the city. The much smaller Ciampino Airport (06 6 59 51; www.adr.it/ciampino), 15km southeast of the city centre, is the hub for European low-cost carrier Ryanair. MUSEUM DISCOUNT CARDS Serious museum-goers should consider: Classic Roma Pass (€36; valid for three days) Provides free admission to two museums or sites, as well as reduced entry to extra sites, unlimited city transport and discounted entry to other exhibitions and events. 48-hour Roma Pass (€28; valid for 48 hours) Gives free admission to one museum or site and then as per the Classic pass.

Microtrends: The Small Forces Behind Tomorrow's Big Changes
by Mark Penn and E. Kinney Zalesne
Published 5 Sep 2007

Even more dramatic are the Mega-Commuters who don’t just drive or take the train, but fly to work. One European travel firm has predicted that by the year 2016, the number of people who work in the U.K. but live elsewhere—and not just northern France, but also Barcelona, Palma, Dubrovnik, and Verona—will reach 1.5 million. Low-cost airlines make this possible. In 1994, there were zero low-cost airlines; in 2005, there were sixty. Airlines like Ryanair, easyJet, and SkyEurope carried some 200 million passengers in 2003 alone. While Mega-Commuting is growing fast in Europe, the phenomenon is in its earlier stages in Asia. Some emerging discount airlines like Jetstar, Oasis, and AirAsiaX offer low fares, but they still have to compete with the dominant state-controlled airlines.

Rome
by Lonely Planet

Survival Guide Transport GETTING TO ROME GETTING AROUND ROME Tours Ciampino Airport Train Bus Metro Bus & Tram Car & Motorcycle Bicycle Taxi Train Directory A–Z Business Hours Customs Regulations Emergency Electricity Gay & Lesbian Travellers Internet Access Legal Matters Medical Services Money Post Public Holidays Safe Travel Taxes & Refunds Telephone Time Toilets Tourist Information Travellers with Disabilities Visas Women Travellers Language Transport GETTING TO ROME Most people arrive in Rome by plane, landing at one of its two airports: Leonardo da Vinci, better known as Fiumicino, or Ciampino, the hub for European low-cost airlines. For details of budget airlines flying to Rome check out www.flycheapo.com. Domestic flights connect Rome with airports across Italy. As an alternative to short-haul flights, trains serve Rome’s main station, Stazione Termini, from a number of European destinations as well as cities across Italy.

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Exit at EUR, following signs for the centro, to link up with Via Cristoforo Colombo, which will take you directly into the centre. All major car-hire companies are present at Fiumicino. Ciampino Airport Ciampino (CIA; 06 6 59 51; www.adr.it) , 15km southeast of the city centre, is used by European low-cost airlines and charter operators. It’s not a big airport but there’s a steady flow of traffic and at peak times it can get extremely busy. To/From the Airport The best option is to take one of the regular bus services into the city centre. You can also take a bus to Ciampino station and then pick up a train to Stazione Termini.

Fodor's Essential Belgium
by Fodor's Travel Guides
Published 23 Aug 2022

Charleroi is many people’s first glimpse of Belgium, usually while landing. The majority of European low-cost airlines soar into its airport on the northern fringe of the city. Yet most people never set foot here, preferring to catch a bus to the capital instead. It’s a shame. Sure, it’s not pretty, but there is great art, fascinating history, and a UNESCO-listed belfry to admire. And who doesn’t want to say they stayed in the “ugliest city in the world?” GETTING HERE AND AROUND AIR The confusingly named Brussels South Charleroi Airport sits on the edge of the city. This is where the low-cost airlines destined for Brussels land, and the entry point to Belgium for many people.

Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less
by Greg McKeown
Published 14 Apr 2014

These trade-offs weren’t made by default but by design. Each and every one was made as part of a deliberate strategy to keep costs down. Did he run the risk of alienating customers who wanted the broader range of destinations, the choice to purchase overpriced meals, and so forth? Yes, but Kelleher was totally clear about what the company was—a low-cost airline—and what they were not. And his trade-offs reflected as much. It was an example of his Essentialist thinking at work when he said: “You have to look at every opportunity and say, ‘Well, no … I’m sorry. We’re not going to do a thousand different things that really won’t contribute much to the end result we are trying to achieve.’ ” At first, Southwest was lambasted by critics, naysayers, and other Nonessentialists who couldn’t believe that this approach could possibly be successful.

The Rough Guide to Jerusalem
by Daniel Jacobs
Published 10 Jan 2000

Very few firms offer Jerusalem city breaks as such, but any agent offering “tailor-made” tours can fix you up with a hotel and flight deal (specialist travel agents are listed on p.22). Flights from the UK and Ireland British Airways, BMI and El Al fly direct to Tel Aviv from London Heathrow, and El Al also run flights from Stanstead, as do Israel’s no-frills domestic carrier, Israir (though their flights are rather often subject to delay or cancellation). British low-cost airline Jet2 run flights from Manchester, and Thompsonfly, affiliated to package holiday firm Thompson, sometimes run flights from Luton and Manchester. From elsewhere in the UK or Ireland, you’ll need to take an indirect flight via London or a European hub such as Amsterdam, Frankfurt or Zurich. Indirect flights via Europe may also be a cheaper option from London.

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Canadian youth and student travel firm. 18/06/09 11:36 AM By air By bus Israel’s main international airport, Ben Gurion (Tel Aviv), is located 50km west of Jerusalem near the town of Lydda (Lod). All international flights arrive at terminal 3, domestic flights at terminal 1 (terminal 2 is currently out of use, but may be used in the future for low-cost airlines). Banks, ATMs and car rental facilities are available in the arrivals hall. For further information about the airport, visit the Israel Airports Authority website at w www.iaa.gov.il/rashat. A cab from Ben Gurion into Jerusalem will cost around 250NIS (£42/US$60) and take around 45 minutes. Alternatively Nesher Taxis (see p.27), run a 24-hour sherut (minibus) service from outside the terminal buildings, leaving when full, or an hour after the first passenger arrives, and currently costing 50NIS (£8.50/US$12).

The Economists' Hour: How the False Prophets of Free Markets Fractured Our Society
by Binyamin Appelbaum
Published 4 Sep 2019

American airlines treated customers so poorly that the Obama administration introduced a “Passenger Bill of Rights” in 2009 to discourage some of the worst abuses. But poor service was the argument for deregulation. The theory was that people would trade less service for lower prices. And they did. “There hasn’t been a war in Europe for fifty years because they’re all too busy flying on Ryanair,” Michael O’Leary, the chief executive of that low-cost airline, boasted in 2011. “I should get the Nobel Peace Prize.”79 Deregulation also succeeded in transferring money from workers to consumers, a goal Kahn and others acknowledged privately at the time. “I’d love the Teamsters to be worse off,” Kahn said in an oral history recorded in 1981 but not made public until years later.

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An Aer Lingus executive, dismissing the idea of deregulation, explained that Americans had an unhealthy obsession with low prices. “The important concept of public utility has been abandoned by these zealots and replaced by shortsighted consumerism,” he said.91 The zealots were hard to keep away: American charter airlines saw Ireland as a ripe market. In 1984, the Irish government proposed to criminalize the sale of low-cost airline tickets. The penalty for competing with Aer Lingus was to be two years in prison and a fine of 100,000 Irish pounds.92 The legislation finally exhausted the patience of Irish voters, who wanted to be shortsighted consumers. Chastened by the bill’s defeat, the government granted permission to Tony Ryan, a former Aer Lingus executive, to start Ireland’s second passenger airline.93 Ryan, who had spent years seeking approval from the Irish government, found it much easier to obtain permission from the British government to fly between Dublin and Luton, a little airport north of London.

Transport for Humans: Are We Nearly There Yet?
by Pete Dyson and Rory Sutherland
Published 15 Jan 2021

They recommended the group purchase large stakes in lesser-known carriers, leading to an independent alliance known as Qualiflyer that would benefit from what everyone considered was ­Swissair’s superior expertise.21 Executives in these smaller, often loss-making airlines deferred to Swissair’s perceived knowledge of what to do. The result was that the board waved through one bad decision after another. It approved bold, risky acquisitions.22 It switched established routes to lesser-known carriers within the group, like Crossair and LaudaAir. It had no answer to competition from the new, low-cost carriers who were changing the market. The airline eventually ran out of cash, having failed to recover from being grounded after 9/11, and was acquired by Lufthansa in 2005. Board members were eventually charged with mismanagement. Reporting for the BBC at the 2007 trial of its executives, Imogen Foulkes said of Swissair’s failure: Something did die in Switzerland that day.

The Lunatic Express
by Carl Hoffman
Published 16 Mar 2010

Usually the only consequence was a flat tire and a delay, and when tragedy did strike, its victims were poor, people whom no one but their immediate family and friends cared about. Brazil’s airline system was expanding by leaps and bounds—in fact, more people were starting to fly all over the world in places they hadn’t ever before; planes were becoming much more democratic. New low-cost airlines were popping up everywhere, not just in Brazil but in every country that had a burgeoning middle class, from Indonesia to Nigeria to India. But the underlying systems that made flying safe hadn’t caught up. In America the days of planes filled with sexy, eye-candy stewardesses were long gone, and planes themselves often felt like unkempt cattle cars.

The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America
by Warren E. Buffett and Lawrence A. Cunningham
Published 2 Jan 1997

In earlier years, these life-threatening costs posed few problems. Airlines were then protected from competition by regulation, and carriers could absorb high costs because they could pass them along by way of fares that were also high. When deregulation came along, it did not immediately change the picture: The capacity of low-cost carriers was so small that the high-cost lines could, in large part, maintain their existing fare structures. During this period, with the longer-term problems largely invisible but slowly metastasizing, the costs that were nonsustainable became further embedded. As the seat capacity of the low-cost operators expanded, their fares began to force the old-line, high-cost airlines to cut their own.

Conflicted: How Productive Disagreements Lead to Better Outcomes
by Ian Leslie
Published 23 Feb 2021

Scholars who study organisations have found that the worst, most unproductive workplace cultures are riddled with passive aggression. That’s why the most successful firms make a determined effort to get their internal conflicts out into the open. Carefully managed, conflict can bring co-workers closer together. Southwest Airlines might just be the most successful airline in history. In 2019, the Texas-based low-cost carrier celebrated its forty-sixth consecutive year of profitability, a unique record in a volatile industry. Southwest’s success is often explained with reference to its charismatic former CEO, Herb Kelleher, who co-founded the airline in 1967. Kelleher, who died in 2019, was a man of unquenchable bonhomie and he created a corporate culture in his image: Southwest staff are famous for their conviviality and quirky humour.

Lonely Planet Best of Hawaii
by Lonely Planet

In general, return fares from the US mainland to Hawaii cost from $400 (in low season from the West Coast) to $800 or more (in high season from the East Coast). Pleasant Holidays (%800-742-9244; www.pleasantholidays.com) offers competitive vacation packages from the US mainland. For discounted flights and vacation packages from Canada, check with low-cost carrier WestJet (%888-937-8538; www.westjet.com). All checked and carry-on bags leaving Hawaii for the US mainland, Alaska and Guam must be inspected by a US Department of Agriculture (USDA) x-ray machine at the airport. Airports The majority of incoming flights from overseas and the US mainland arrive at Honolulu International Airport (HNL; %808-836-6411; http://hawaii.gov/hnl; 300 Rodgers Blvd; W) on Oʻahu.

Fodor's Madrid and Side Trips
by Fodor's
Published 16 May 2011

They provide competition to the market’s main players, easyJet (www.easyjet.com) and Ryanair (www.ryanair.com). All these carriers offer frequent flights, cover small cities as well as large ones, and have very competitive fares. Attitude Travel (www.attitudetravel.com/lowcostairlines), Skyscanner (www.skyscanner.net), and Wegolo (www.wegolo.com) are comprehensive search sites for low-cost airlines worldwide. Contacts Air Europa (800/238–7672 in U.S., 902/401501 in Spain | www.air-europa.com). FlightPass (888/321–4737 | www.europebyair.com). Iberia (800/772–4642, 902/400500 in Spain | www.iberia.com). Transportation Security Administration (www.tsa.gov) has answers for almost every question that might come up.

Quit Like a Millionaire: No Gimmicks, Luck, or Trust Fund Required
by Kristy Shen and Bryce Leung
Published 8 Jul 2019

$32.20 $41.86 Total $2,656.92 $3,454 ASIA (Expenses for Japan) Category Cost in USD/Month/Couple Cost in CAD/Month/Couple Comments Accommodations $1,335.38 $1,736 Food $1,136.77 $1,477.80 26% groceries, 73% eating out Transportation $532.91 $692.78 Includes taxes on flights paid for with points, low-cost airline tickets, and local trains Activities $193.74 $251.86 Clothing/Toiletries/Data/Etc. $44.28 $57.56 Total $3,243.08 $4,216 SOUTHEAST ASIA (Expenses for Vietnam) Category Cost in USD/Month/Couple Cost in CAD/Month/Couple Comments Accommodations $591.93 $769.51 Food $516.97 $672.06 20% groceries, 80% eating out Transportation $451.28 $586.67 Activities $191.13 $248.47 Clothing/Toiletries/Data/Etc

The Capitalist Manifesto
by Johan Norberg
Published 14 Jun 2023

At the same time, such scams are getting so much attention, and causing such a strong market reaction, because they are exceptions. There is a built-in protection against crooks in the market: businesses are voluntary collaborations based on trust; no one wants to collaborate with someone who does not inspire trust. That is not always enough, because confidence tricksters use our limited information against us. Low-cost airlines continue to sell airline tickets with attractive flight times, which they then systematically change to an unearthly hour on Monday morning (didn’t you read the small print?). Unscrupulous loan sharks obscure their default interest rate and use the bailiff as if it were a branch of business.

More Joel on Software
by Joel Spolsky
Published 25 Jun 2008

They don’t want to think they’re paying extra just because they’re not clever enough to find the magic coupon code. The airline industry got really, really good at segmenting and ended up charging literally a different price to every single person on the plane. As a result, most people felt they weren’t getting the best deal, and they didn’t like the airlines. When a new alternative arose in the form of low-cost carriers (Southwest, JetBlue, etc.), customers had no loyalty whatsoever to the legacy airlines that had been trying to pick their pockets for all those years. Camels and Rubber Duckies 273 And God help you if an A-list blogger finds out that your premium printer is identical to the cheap printer, with the speed inhibitor turned off.

Lonely Planet Mexico
by John Noble , Kate Armstrong , Greg Benchwick , Nate Cavalieri , Gregor Clark , John Hecht , Beth Kohn , Emily Matchar , Freda Moon and Ellee Thalheimer
Published 2 Jan 1992

International online booking agencies worth a look include CheapTickets (www.cheaptickets.com), Kayak (www.kayak.com), Expedia (www.expedia.com), Travelocity (www.travelocity.com), and for students and travelers under 26, STA Travel (www.statravel.com). Skyscanner (in the USA www.skyscanner.com, in Europe www.skyscanner.net) compares flights on different airlines including low-cost carriers. INTERCONTINENTAL (RTW) TICKETS If Mexico is part of a bigger trip encompassing other countries, the best ticket for you may be an open-jaw (where you fly into one place and out of another, covering the intervening distance by land), or a round-the-world (RTW) ticket (these can cost as little as UK£900 or A$2100), or a Circle Pacific ticket, which uses a combination of airlines to travel around the Pacific region.

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Depending on the fare you get, flying can be good value on longer journeys, especially considering the long bus trip that is probably the alternative. Airlines in Mexico Aeroméxico and Mexicana are the country’s two major airlines. There are many smaller ones, often cheaper and often flying routes between provincial cities ignored by the bigger two. Low-cost airlines include Interjet, VivaAerobus, Volaris and also MexicanaClick (Mexicana’s no-frills subsidiary). The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) considers Mexico’s Civil Aviation Authority to be in compliance with international aviation safety standards. Fares Fares can depend on whether you fly at a busy or quiet time of day, week or year, and how far ahead you book and pay.

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You’ll often save money if you pay for the ticket a few days ahead or if you fly late in the evening. Round-trip fares are usually simply twice the price of one-way tickets, though some advance-payment deals do exist. Typical one-way fares from Mexico City with nonbudget airlines to most Mexican cities are between about M$1300 and M$2100, depending mainly on distance. Low-cost airlines flying from Toluca, 50km west of Mexico City, may charge up to 50% less. Return to beginning of chapter BICYCLE Cycling is not a common way to tour Mexico. The size of the country, poor road surfaces, careless motorists and other road hazards (Click here) are deterrents. However, some riders rise to the challenge and cycling is increasingly popular among Mexicans, so you should find plenty of fellowship along the way.

Lonely Planet Norway (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet and Donna Wheeler
Published 1 Apr 2015

The main international Norwegian airports are Gardermoen (Oslo), Flesland (Bergen), Sola (Stavanger), Tromsø, Værnes (Trondheim), Vigra (Ålesund), Karmøy (Haugesund), Kjevik (Kristiansand) and Torp (Sandefjord). Dozens of international airlines fly to/from Norwegian airports. There are direct flights to Norway from East Coast USA and the UK. If coming from Australia or New Zealand, you'll need to connect via an airport in Asia, the Middle East or Europe. NorwegianAIRLINE (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline with an extensive and growing domestic and international network. SASAIRLINE (www.sas.no) The largest international network of Norway's carriers. Land Norway shares land borders with Sweden, Finland and Russia. Train travel is possible between Oslo and Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Hamburg, with less frequent services to northern and central Swedish cities from Narvik and Trondheim.

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In addition, spouses (including gay partners), children aged two to 15, travellers aged under 26, students and senior citizens over 67 years of age may be eligible for significant discounts on some routes – always ask. Airlines in Norway Three airlines fly domestic routes. NorwegianAIRLINE (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline with an extensive and growing domestic network that now includes Longyearbyen (Svalbard). SASAIRLINE (www.sas.no) Large domestic network on mainland Norway, plus flights to Longyearbyen (Svalbard). WiderøeAIRLINE (www.wideroe.no) A subsidiary of SAS with smaller planes and a handful of flights to smaller regional airports.

Industry 4.0: The Industrial Internet of Things
by Alasdair Gilchrist
Published 27 Jun 2016

After all, just like all closed groups, companies in industrial sectors are often blind to their shortcomings. They think this is the way we have always done this, and so has everyone else, so they don’t see a reason to change. However, getting constructive criticism from customers may be advantageous. An advantage of this is with the airline industry, before the advent of low-cost airlines, the customer experience was dreadful, checking-in was slow and tedious, as was boarding and the costs were high. However once a few pioneering airlines decided to cut costs they had to be sure that they would get enough passengers so they listened to their frequent flyers’ pet gripes, and low and behold they revolutionized not just the pricing structures but check-in, boarding, and flight-booking procedures. 

Norman Foster: A Life in Architecture
by Deyan Sudjic
Published 1 Sep 2010

With twenty-four million passengers a year, the airport is overwhelmed by people. The sculpture has been removed. There is no easy transition from the pavement; after the attack on Glasgow Airport by al-Qaeda sympathisers, the terminal entrance is a secure zone defended by concrete tank traps. And low-cost airlines that have started to treat their customers with contempt reduce the building to chaos. The fate of Stansted is a reminder of the tension between architecture and art, and the fulfilment that one can bring when measured against the other. Architecture engages with the real issues of everyday life, it directly touches millions of lives, and yet the architect’s connection with his work is eroded with time to almost nothing.

Istanbul Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

There are also a number of cheap (one way €5) but very slow shuttle-bus services from hotels to the airport for your return trip. Check details with your hotel. Sabiha Gökçen International Airport The city's second international airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW, Sabiha Gökçen Havalımanı; %216-588 8888; www.sgairport.com), is at Pendik/Kurtköy on the Asian side of the city. It's popular with low-cost airlines. There are ATMs, car-rental and accommodation-booking desks, stands of mobile-phone companies, exchange bureaux, a mini-market, a left-luggage office and a PTT in the international arrivals hall. Taxi Taxis from this airport to the city are expensive. To Taksim you'll be looking at around TL100, to Sultanahmet around TL130.

Cockpit Confidential: Everything You Need to Know About Air Travel: Questions, Answers, and Reflections
by Patrick Smith
Published 6 May 2013

Losses were in the billions, layoffs in the tens of thousands. For the most part, that bleeding has stopped, but while the entrenched old-timers were left to shed costs, reshape their business models, and return to profitability—a decade-long process that ultimately resulted in three mega-mergers—opportunistic low-cost carriers (LCCs) like jetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, and AirTran seized the opportunity. Unencumbered by high labor costs or the need to support complex fleets and decades-old infrastructures, these adaptable youngsters were able to offer streamlined service and irresistibly cheap tickets, rapidly winning over a huge segment of the domestic U.S. market.

Lessons from the Titans: What Companies in the New Economy Can Learn from the Great Industrial Giants to Drive Sustainable Success
by Scott Davis , Carter Copeland and Rob Wertheimer
Published 13 Jul 2020

The members of the engineering team amplified these competitive dynamics, as they wanted to get back to doing what they did best, pushing the technology envelope in new airplane development. Major technology shifts in the aviation world happen at a decadal pace, and in the early 2000s there were several vectors of technology that warranted exploration. High oil prices, as well as emerging competition from upstart airline competitors known as low-cost carriers (LCCs), had Boeing’s customers clamoring for greater fuel efficiency. Their concerns brought to the fore a new material used mainly in military aircraft and spacecraft production. The new material was carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP), or just “composite.” Composite’s strength-to-weight ratio was significantly greater than that of traditional materials like aluminum, which translated to significant weight savings and by extension to fuel savings.

The Unusual Billionaires
by Saurabh Mukherjea
Published 16 Aug 2016

Failure to create and sustain moats using technology will result in loss of market share to industry leaders and, eventually, severe losses in the core business. As an example of this crippling loss, I reproduce a quote from Captain Gopinath, founder of Air Deccan, which was eventually sold to Kingfisher Airlines in spite of being the pioneering low-cost carrier (LCC) in India. In his book, Simply Fly (2012), Gopinath laments: ‘Given a little more time, Deccan could have weathered the storm and overcome the cash crunch but time was running out. I might have pulled it off had my IT system not collapsed. We had to bear in mind the welfare of four thousand employees; the public insurance funds and retail investors we had to answer to.’

Lonely Planet Norway
by Lonely Planet

The main international Norwegian airports are Gardermoen (Oslo), Flesland (Bergen), Sola (Stavanger), Tromsø, Værnes (Trondheim), Vigra (Ålesund), Karmøy (Haugesund), Kjevik (Kristiansand) and Torp (Sandefjord). Dozens of international airlines fly to/from Norwegian airports. There are direct flights to Norway from East Coast USA and the UK. If coming from Australia or New Zealand, you'll need to connect via an airport in Asia, the Middle East or Europe. Norwegian (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline with an extensive and growing domestic and international network. SAS (www.sas.no) The longest established of Norway's carriers with a large domestic and international route network. Widerøe (www.wideroe.no) Local carrier that predominantly operates between smaller towns and cities, and also provides flights to the Lofoten Islands and the far north.

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In addition, spouses (including gay partners), children aged two to 15, travellers aged under 26, students and senior citizens over 67 years of age may be eligible for significant discounts on some routes – always ask. Airlines in Norway Aside from tiny charter airlines and helicopter services, three airlines fly domestic routes. Norwegian (www.norwegian.com) Low-cost airline with an extensive and growing domestic network that now includes Longyearbyen (Svalbard). SAS (www.sas.no) Large domestic network on mainland Norway, plus flights to Longyearbyen (Svalbard). Widerøe (www.wideroe.no) A subsidiary of SAS with smaller planes and flights to smaller regional airports.

Understanding Asset Allocation: An Intuitive Approach to Maximizing Your Portfolio
by Victor A. Canto
Published 2 Jan 2005

An elastic demand means little or no opportunity is available for excess profit unless you are the low-cost provider. Older airlines with unionized workforces have not been able to lower their cost structures, and thus the newer airlines with younger and less-costly structures have gained significant market share. The older established airlines have been teetering on the edge of bankruptcy while the low-cost airlines seem to thrive. The moral of the story, at least for investors, is clear: To identify industries likely to outperform the market in general, we must first decide whether demand for an industry’s product will rise or fall and then whether an industry has pricing power (be it on the demand or supply side).

Future Files: A Brief History of the Next 50 Years
by Richard Watson
Published 1 Jan 2008

Equally, why do we travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers to visit someone when we could make a phone call instead? These are a couple of the questions we will be asking with greater frequency in the future as the costs and consequences of physical human movement grow. This may strike some people as an odd thing to say, given that we are currently living in an age of low-cost airlines where distance is effectively dead, but we are on the cusp of a great shift caused by skyrocketing oil prices, increasing population, climate change and technology. In the spirit of becoming at one with one’s subject, I am writing this lying in bed (with a crisp white cotton pillow and duvet) onboard a Virgin Atlantic Airways flight from London to Sydney via Hong Kong.

The Revenge of Analog: Real Things and Why They Matter
by David Sax
Published 8 Nov 2016

One night over dinner, under a sky bursting with stars, Franceschi started to talk about what kind of products Modo & Modo could manufacture on its own, rather than importing the designs of others. The conversation shifted to a question about who would buy those goods, and then to the changing nature of the world, which had just emerged from the cold war into the heady dawn of globalization. International travel was not only less restricted but more accessible, thanks to low-cost airlines. Technology, including inexpensive cellular phones, websites, and e-mail, allowed independent thinkers to become entrepreneurs and pursue their dreams unbound by geography. Speaking late into the night, the three realized that a new global creative class was emerging, driven by curiosity and passion.

How to Own the World: A Plain English Guide to Thinking Globally and Investing Wisely
by Andrew Craig
Published 6 Sep 2015

Many companies are dealing with severe input-cost inflation and one of the easiest ways for them to keep their historical profit margin is, quite simply, to give you less for the same money in the hope that you won’t notice. If inflation is “zero” and we are worrying about deflation, then how come a London house can be as much as five or ten times what it was only a few years ago? How come my “low cost airline” flight this year has cost me the same as a British Airways business class fare a decade ago? How come a Picasso and a large ruby just broke records at auction? And how come nearly all stock markets are at all-time highs? The answer is because inflation numbers “are cooked like a thanksgiving Turkey”, to quote award-winning US financial newsletter writer, Byron King.

Secrets of Sand Hill Road: Venture Capital and How to Get It
by Scott Kupor
Published 3 Jun 2019

global buyout industry raised about $450 billion: Joshua Franklin, “Global Private Equity Funds Raise Record $453 Billion in 2017: Preqin,” Reuters, January 4, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-privateequity-fundraising/global-private-equity-funds-raise-record-453-billion-in-2017-preqin-idUSKBN1ET23L; Christine Williamson, “Hedge Fund Assets End 2017 at Record $3.2 Trillion—HFR,” Pensions & Investments, January 19, 2018, https://www.pionline.com/article/20180119/ONLINE/180119827/hedge-fund-assets-end-2017-at-record-32-trillion-8211-hfr. concentration of venture-backed companies in the US public markets since 1974: Gornall and Strebulaev, “The Economic Impact of Venture Capital.” Chapter Three: How Do Early-Stage VCs Decide Where to Invest? “I knew nothing about airlines”: “Herb Kelleher: Father of Low-Cost Airline Travel Dies at 87,” BBC News, January 4, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46755080. Chapter Four: What Are LPs and Why Should You Care? Financing a whaling venture: Tom Nicholas and Jonas Peter Akins, “Whaling Ventures,” Harvard Business School Case Study 9-813086, October 2012 (revised December 9, 2013).

The Dealmaker: Lessons From a Life in Private Equity
by Guy Hands
Published 4 Nov 2021

Such airlines tend to be start-ups, and so our policy was to lease them our oldest aircraft, factoring the risk we were taking into our financial calculations. Even then, there’s a risk because when an airline starts running into trouble, it often cannibalises its fleet for spares. AWAS had leased five Airbus A320–200s to Indian entrepreneur Vijay Mallya’s low-cost carrier Kingfisher Airlines. The company was perpetually suffering losses so we stationed someone at Kingfisher’s main hub in Bangalore to keep an eye on the aircraft and make sure nobody was taking them apart. Kingfisher finally ceased trading in 2013 when the Indian aviation authorities scrapped its domestic slots and international flying rights.

Discover Greece Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Getting There & Away AIR Most travellers arrive in Crete by air, usually with a change in Athens. Iraklio’s Nikos Kazantzakis Airport (www.heraklion-airport.info) is Crete’s busiest airport, although Hania (www.chania-airport.com) is convenient for travellers heading to western Crete. Between May and October, European low-cost carriers and charter airlines operate direct flights to Crete, mostly from UK and German airports. Aegean Airlines has year-round direct flights to Crete from London, Milan, Paris and Rome; coming from another destination requires connecting in Athens. Olympic Air serves Crete from Athens and Thessaloniki To reach Crete by air from other Greek islands usually requires changing in Athens, except for flights operated by Crete-based airline Sky Express (www.skyexpress.gr) .

The Crux
by Richard Rumelt
Published 27 Apr 2022

Over the period 1984–1992, Ryanair fought for share on the London–Dublin route, gaining passenger traffic, but it went bankrupt in 1992. The crux of the challenge was the staying power of the established players on the major routes. During the company’s restructuring, CEO Michael O’Leary visited the United States to look closely at low-cost carrier Southwest Airlines. There he saw a cost structure much lower than American Airlines and a clever strategy of not competing head-on but, instead, serving nonmajor airports on at least one side of a trip (for example, Chicago to Baltimore rather than to Washington, DC). Recalling that visit, O’Leary said: We went to look at Southwest Airlines in the US.

Egypt Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Of note: EgyptAir (www.egyptair.com) Member of Star Alliance. Tickets are cheap, and its international fleet is in good shape. No alcohol is served. Jetairfly (www.jetairfly.com) Low-cost carrier from Brussels. Meridiana fly (www.meridiana.it) Flights from Milan. Air Sinai (www.egyptair.com) From Tel Aviv. Buy tickets at the unmarked office at Ben Yehuda and Allenby. Run by EgyptAir. Alexandria has become a viable alternate airport, especially for low-cost carriers: Air Arabia (www.airarabia.com) Connects to cities around the Middle East and Milan. flydubai (www.flydubai.com) Also serves Middle Eastern cities. Sharm el-Sheikh is handy if you’ll be spending most of your time in Sinai and Jordan.

Egypt Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Tickets are cheap, and its international fleet is in good shape. No alcohol is served. Jetairfly (www.jetairfly.com) Low-cost carrier from Brussels to the Red Sea. Meridiana fly (www.meridiana.it) Flights from Milan, Naples and Rome. Air Sinai (www.egyptair.com) From Tel Aviv. Buy tickets at the unmarked office at Ben Yehuda and Allenby. Run by EgyptAir, but service was suspended at time of writing. Alexandria has become a viable alternate airport, especially for low-cost carriers: Air Arabia (www.airarabia.com) Connects Ciaor, Alexandria and Sohag to cities around the Middle East and as far east as India.

Bean Counters: The Triumph of the Accountants and How They Broke Capitalism
by Richard Brooks
Published 23 Apr 2018

And it was clear from what he presumably thought a reassuring remark, that ‘India will be one of the key engines of our future growth’, where the priorities of PwC’s world leader really lay. Even in the face of a scandal over which the bean counters would subsequently be found seriously wanting, they remained preoccupied by their own fortunes. Such cases began to draw increasing amounts of regulatory fire. Deloitte’s Brazilian arm was found to have been covering up fraud at low-cost airline Gol, and in 2016 was fined a record $8m by the US’s Public Company Accounting and Oversight Board for ‘materially false audit reports and attempting to cover up audit violations by improperly altering documents and providing false testimony’.27 The regulator’s director of enforcement described the case as ‘the most serious misconduct we’ve uncovered’.

World Travel: An Irreverent Guide
by Anthony Bourdain and Laurie Woolever
Published 19 Apr 2021

It’s supposed to be fast, efficient, easy, but honestly, as I stare down yet another endless walkway, I begin to regret my decision. Don’t do this, man. Take a cab, especially if you have luggage.” Italian drivers do not expect a tip, but you may round up to the nearest euro. Rome has a second, much smaller airport, the one-terminal Ciampino Giovan Battista Pastine (CIA), which mostly serves low-cost airlines and their flights within the European continent. It’s about seven miles outside the center of the city, with metered taxis available for a 30 euro (US$34) flat rate, and direct bus connections to Rome’s centrally located Termini station, for 6 to 10 euros/US$5.50–$11 each way, with tickets available in the arrivals hall.

Age of Discovery: Navigating the Risks and Rewards of Our New Renaissance
by Ian Goldin and Chris Kutarna
Published 23 May 2016

Between 1990 and 2014, the worldwide total of international tourist arrivals (defined as visits of at least one night) rose from 440 million to 1.4 billion visits, with China now the biggest source of travelers.36 Air traffic presents similarly stark evidence. Total passenger trips have leapt from some 500 million in 1990 to over 3.2 billion in 2014.37 And since 2011, international flights have outnumbered domestic.38 Many factors have driven this growth. One is the invention of low-cost carriers (Southwest Airlines, EasyJet, RyanAir, Peach and others) in North America, Europe and Asia, which broadened considerably the community of airborne commuters. But the bigger factor is the emergence of new hubs on the once-margins of the world, plugging those populations into the global circulation of jet-setters.

Them and Us: How Immigrants and Locals Can Thrive Together
by Philippe Legrain
Published 14 Oct 2020

Immigrants founded many longer-established UK companies too. The country’s most valuable technology company, Arm Holdings, which designs the chips in most smartphones and was bought by Japan’s Softbank in 2016 for £23.4 billion, was co-founded by Austrian-born Herman Hauser. EasyJet, Britain’s biggest – and Europe’s second-biggest – low-cost airline, was set up by a Greek entrepreneur, Stelios Haji-Ioannou. Sukhpal Singh Ahluwalia arrived in the UK in 1972 at the age of thirteen as a refugee from Idi Amin’s regime in Uganda. Along with his family, he spent his first year in Britain in a refugee camp.16 He went on to found Euro Car Parts, which grew into the largest distributor of car parts in Europe, employing more than 12,000 people.

Other People's Money: Masters of the Universe or Servants of the People?
by John Kay
Published 2 Sep 2015

One side asserted the process was a racket operated for the benefit of large corporations, the other that consumers would be better served by the operation of a free market. There was substantial truth in both claims. A regulatory historian, Alfred Kahn, was appointed chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board, where he accomplished the unusual feat of winding up the agency he headed. Rapid growth of low-cost carriers followed, first in the USA and then in other parts of the world. Many of the established firms, such as Pan Am and TWA, failed, but some successfully adjusted to the competitive environment, and new entrants came – and often went. Airline regulation today is focused narrowly on safety and related issues, and the industry has developed what is known as a ‘just culture’, which encourages an openness about failures and a combination of collective responsibility for integrity and competitive responsibility for service.20 The concept of ‘just culture’ is now gaining traction in other areas of commercial activity of public concern, such as medicine.

Frommer's Mexico 2009
by David Baird , Lynne Bairstow , Joy Hepp and Juan Christiano
Published 2 Sep 2008

P L A N N I N G YO U R T R I P TO M E X I C O GETTING AROUND BY PLANE Mexico has two large private national carriers: Mexicana (& 800/531-7921; www.mexicana.com) and AeroMéxico (& 800/237-6639; www.aeromexico. com), in addition to several up-and-coming low-cost carriers. Mexicana and AeroMéxico offer extensive connections to the United States as well as within Mexico. Up-and-coming low-cost carriers include Aviacsa (www.aviacsa.com), Avolar (www.avolar.com.mx), Click Mexicana (www.click.com.mx), InterJet (www.interjet.com.mx), and Volaris (www.volaris.com.mx). Regional carriers include Aerovega (www.oaxaca-mio. com/aerovega.htm), Aero Tucán (www. aero-tucan.com), and AeroMéxico Connect (www.amconnect.com).

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Local numbers for major airlines with nonstop or direct service to Acapulco are AeroMéxico (& 744/485-1600 inside Mexico), American (& 744/ 481-0161, or 01-800/904-6000 inside Mexico for reservations), Continental (& 744/466-9063), Mexicana (& 744/466-9138 or 486-7585), and US Airways (& 744/466-9257). AeroMéxico flies from Guadalajara, Mexico City, Tijuana, and Monterrey; Aviacsa (& 01800/711-6733) flies from Mexico City; InterJet (& 01800/01-12345) is a low-cost carrier that flies from Toluca, about an hour from Mexico City; Mexicana flies from Mexico City. Check with a travel agent about charter flights. The airport (airport code: ACA) is 22km (14 miles) southeast of town, over the hills east of the bay. Private taxis are the fastest way to get downtown; they cost $30 to $50 (£15–£25).

Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Story of Anonymous
by Gabriella Coleman
Published 4 Nov 2014

Executives from technology companies seemed to be more curious and were, if nothing else, at least familiar with the fact that Anonymous was involved in a range of political movements. Sometimes they were even interested to learn about Anonymous’ role in the Arab Spring. Executives from financial and energy firms were frostier, while executives from other industries showed a curious mix of disgust and fear. One head of communications for a low-cost airline joked that she wished Anonymous would hack her company—the free publicity would be stellar. What was less expected was a query that I received about Anonymous’ potential contribution to the corporate world. TTI/Vanguard approached me to assess whether I could give a talk along these lines to its clients, which at any one time included Royal Dutch Shell, Northrop Grumman, Toyota, FedEx, and Expedia.

Sardinia Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Police stationPOLICE ( GOOGLE MAP ; %079 972 00 00; Via Fratelli Kennedy 1) Post officePOST OFFICE ( GOOGLE MAP ; Via Carducci 35; h8.20am-7.05pm Mon-Fri, 8.20am-12.35pm Sat) Tourist officeTOURIST INFORMATION ( GOOGLE MAP ; %079 97 90 54; www.alghero-turismo.it; Piazza Porta Terra 9; h8am-8pm Mon-Sat, 10am-1pm Sun) English-speaking staff and tonnes of practical information. 8Getting There & Away Air Alghero’s Fertilia airport ( GOOGLE MAP ; %079 93 50 11; www.aeroportodialghero.it) is 10km northwest of town. It's served by Alitalia (www.alitalia.com) and a number of low-cost carriers, including Ryanair (www.ryanair.com), which operates flights to mainland Italy and destinations across Europe, including Barcelona, Dublin, Frankfurt, London, Madrid and Paris. Bus Intercity buses stop at and leave from Via Catalogna, by the Giardini Pubblici. Buy tickets at the ticket office in the gardens.

Canary Islands Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

Virtually everyone else is supposed to obtain (from a Spanish consulate in their country of residence) a work permit and, if they plan to stay more than 90 days, a residence visa. While jobs (especially in tourist resorts) aren’t that hard to come by, the procedures necessary to get your paperwork in order can be difficult and time-consuming. Transport Top of section GETTING THERE & AWAY Getting to the Canary Islands is a cinch. Low-cost carriers are plentiful from all over Europe, particularly from Germany, the UK and Spain. Flights, tours and rail tickets can be booked online at www.lonelyplanet.com/travel_services. Entering the Canary Islands Citizens of the European Union (EU) member states and Switzerland can travel to the Canary Islands with just their national identity card.

The Rough Guide to Amsterdam
by Martin Dunford , Phil Lee and Karoline Thomas
Published 4 Jan 2010

There’s a good number of daily flights out of London – Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton and London City – plus nonstop flights from many of the UK’s regional airports, including Birmingham, East Midlands, Cardiff, Southampton, Norwich, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds-Bradford, Humberside, Newcastle, Teesside, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. Whichever route you choose, it’s hard to say precisely what you’ll pay at any given time: the price depends hugely on when you book and when you fly, what offers are available – and how lucky you are. However, flying to Amsterdam with one of the low-cost airlines between April and September, you’ll pay around £120 return travelling at convenient times at the weekend, including taxes, as opposed to £160 with one of the full-service carriers. Weekday travel will cost £50–70 with a budget carrier, £100 or so with a full-service airline. If you want more flexibility with your ticket you’ll pay more, as you will if you book at the last minute – economy return tickets from London to Amsterdam can cost anything up to £400.

Ukraine
by Lonely Planet

Entering the Country Your passport must be valid for at least one month beyond your intended departure from Ukraine. It must be stamped with a visa if you need one. Entry is usually trouble free and border officials ask few questions these days. Immigration cards were scrapped in September 2010, so anyone claiming you still need one is up to no good or hasn’t heard about the change yet. Air Low-cost airlines have struggled to find their way into Ukraine, but this is likely to change once Lviv’s new terminal is built. This is sure to attract a budget operator with direct flights from major cities in Western Europe. Airports & Airlines Boryspil International Airport (KBP; www.airport-borispol.kiev.ua) Most international flights use Kyiv’s main airport, 30km southeast of the city centre.

Fire and Steam: A New History of the Railways in Britain
by Christian Wolmar
Published 1 Mar 2009

The very term ‘class’ came into circulation at this time; earlier forms of transport, such as the stagecoach and ships, had different terminology to distinguish between their types of passenger, for example, ‘inside’ and ‘cabin’ accommodation, or ‘outside’ and ‘deck’. Despite Gladstone’s 1844 legislation which had forced all railway companies to provide at least one cheap service each way per day, the trains were largely used by the middle and upper classes, much like aviation before the advent of the charter and low-cost airlines, while the poor were confined to an annual excursion to the seaside and the odd essential trip when they could afford the fares. The Midland, the most aggressively competitive of the big companies, set out to challenge that orthodoxy, seeing the potential of attracting the masses on to the railway by providing plenty of cheap accommodation.

Wonder Boy: Tony Hsieh, Zappos, and the Myth of Happiness in Silicon Valley
by Angel Au-Yeung and David Jeans
Published 25 Apr 2023

“Last night we had about fifty people on this bus, so it was pretty crazy.” A rolling thunderclap of events and interviews ensued across the country. The bus appeared at some events, but Tony was most often flying to interviews. Despite being a certified multimillionaire, he made a point of flying Southwest Airlines, the low-cost airline that only offered economy-class seats. During one flight, as Tony and Holly were boarding the plane, another passenger looked up from his seat, saw Tony in his Zappos T-shirt, and said, “Hey, my daughter works at Zappos!” Tony smiled. “Oh, really? That’s great,” he said. “Do you work at Zappos?”

Connectography: Mapping the Future of Global Civilization
by Parag Khanna
Published 18 Apr 2016

Chinese companies operate mines in Shan, pipelines cross through it, the yuan can be used as currency there, and mixed marriages are rising.*6 Carving through Southeast Asia is no longer about borders but about the management of flows and frictions. ASEAN’s businesspeople, workers, students, and tourists now ferry across the region in record numbers on the back of low-cost carriers such as AirAsia, which has done as much for regional integration as any diplomatic body. Demographic shifts guarantee that Asia’s blending will continue: The erstwhile “Asian Tigers” such as Singapore and Taiwan—to say nothing of much larger China and Japan—are aging, while Indonesia and the Philippines are full of youthful labor.

Canary Islands Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

While jobs (especially in tourist resorts) aren’t that hard to come by, the procedures necessary to get your paperwork in order can be difficult and time-consuming. Transport Getting There & Away Getting Around Transport Getting There & Away Getting to the Canary Islands is a cinch. Low-cost carriers are plentiful from all over Europe, particularly from Germany, the UK and, of course, mainland Spain. Flights, tours and rail tickets can be booked online at www.lonelyplanet.com/bookings. Entering the Canary Islands Citizens of most EU member states, as well as Switzerland, can travel to the Canary Islands with just their national identity card.

Lonely Planet Panama (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet and Carolyn McCarthy
Published 30 Jun 2013

Most international flights arrive to Panama City’s Tocumen International Airport (www.tocumenpanama.aero), 35km from downtown. Located 5km southeast of the Costa Rican border, David’s Aeropuerto Enrique Malek ( 721-1072) frequently handles flights to and from San José. With frequent flights to the US and throughout Latin America, Panama’s national airline Copa (www.copaair.com) meets international standards. Low-cost airlines that provide international flights to Panama include American Airlines ( 238-4695; www.aa.com) , Avianca ( 238-4096; www.avianca.com) , Continental Airlines ( 238-4979; www.continental.com) , Delta Air Lines ( 238-4793; www.delta.com) , Grupo Taca ( 238-4116; www.taca.com) and Iberia ( 227-3966; www.iberia.com) .

Them And Us: Politics, Greed And Inequality - Why We Need A Fair Society
by Will Hutton
Published 30 Sep 2010

Globalisation and inward migration kept inflation in check, while consumption grew every year, propelled by real-wage gains and equity withdrawn from the ever-buoyant property market. These were good times. New temples to shopping were built around the country in vast out-of-town malls – the Trafford Centre, Meadowhall and Bluewater became bywords for the new consumption religion. Low-cost airlines whisked the affluent British to holiday destinations all over Europe. Increasingly sophisticated electronic gadgetry – iPods, mobile phones, HDTV – became ever cheaper. Britain became a capital of live rock and roll music, with the summer beginning at Glastonbury and then punctuated by more events copying its template.

More: The 10,000-Year Rise of the World Economy
by Philip Coggan
Published 6 Feb 2020

The companies promise a regular timetable, so the planes must be flown whether or not they are full. Many of the pioneering names of the industry are no longer around; companies such as Pan Am, TWA, or BOAC, which merged into British Airways. (Their frailties earned them ironic nicknames such as Pick Another Airline Mate, Try Walking Across and Better On A Camel.) Low-cost airlines such as EasyJet, Ryanair, and JetBlue have eaten into the business of the traditional carriers. Non-Western carriers have emerged, such as Emirates, based in Dubai, and China Southern. Today, flying is a far less glamorous business for most passengers; a combination of cramped seats and extra charges for taking your own luggage.

The Rough Guide to Brussels 4 (Rough Guide Travel Guides)
by Dunford, Martin.; Lee, Phil; Summer, Suzy.; Dal Molin, Loik
Published 26 Jul 2010

Flying from Ireland, there’s much less choice, but Ryanair charges very reasonable rates for flights from either Dublin or Shannon to Brussels-Charleroi. Travelling at convenient times at the weekend between April and September, fares are usually around £100 return (including taxes) with the low-cost airlines, £150 with one of the full-service carriers. Weekday travel will cost £50–60 with a budget carrier, and maybe £100 or so with a full-service airline. Of course if you want more flexibility with your ticket you’ll pay more, as you will if you book at the last minute – economy return tickets from London to Brussels can cost anything up to £400.

Spain
by Lonely Planet Publications and Damien Simonis
Published 14 May 1997

Airports & Airlines The main gateway to Spain is Madrid’s Barajas airport (Aeropuerto de Barajas; nationwide flight information 902 40 47 04; www.aena.es), although many European direct flights serve other centres, particularly Barcelona’s Aeroport del Prat, Málaga, Palma de Mallorca and Valencia. Charter flights and low-cost airlines (mostly from the UK) fly direct to a growing number of regional airports, including A Coruña, Alicante, Almería, Asturias, Bilbao, Girona (for the Costa Brava and Barcelona), Ibiza, Jerez de la Frontera, Murcia, Reus and Seville. * * * THINGS CHANGE… The information in this chapter is particularly vulnerable to change.

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Among the airlines that fly to and from Spain are the following: Aer Lingus (EI; in Ireland 0818 365000; ­www.aerlingus.com) Air Berlin (AB; 902 32 07 37, in Germany 01805 737800; www.airberlin.com) Air Europa (UX; 902 40 15 01; www.aireuropa.com) Air Nostrum (IB; 902 40 05 00; www.airnostrum.es) Alpi Eagles (E8; in Italy 899 500058; ­www.alpieagles.com) American Airlines (AA; in the USA 800 433 7300; www.aa.com) BMI (BD; 91 275 46 29, in the UK 0870 607 0555; www.flybmi.com) British Airways (BA; 902 11 13 33, in the UK 0870 850 9850; www.britishairways.com) Brussels Airlines (SN; 807 22 00 03, in Belgium 0902 516000; www.flysn.com) Clickair (XG; 902 25 42 52; www.clickair.com) Continental (CO; 900 96 12 66, in the USA 800 231 0856; www.continental.com) Delta (DL; 901 11 69 46, in the USA 800 221 1212; www.delta.com) EasyJet (U2; 807 26 00 26, in the UK 0905 821 0905; www.easyjet.com) FlyGlobeSpan (Y2; in the UK 0871 271 0415; ­www.flyglobespan.com) Germanwings (4U; 91 625 97 04, in Germany 0900 1919100; www.germanwings.com) Iberia (IB; 902 40 05 00; www.iberia.es) Jet2 (LS; 902 88 12 69, in the UK 0871 226 1737; www.jet2.com) Lufthansa (LX; 902 22 01 01, in Germany 01805 838426; www.lufthansa.com) Meridiana (IG; in Italy 892928; www.meridiana.it) Monarch (ZB; 800 09 92 60, in the UK 0870 040 5040; www.flymonarch.com) MyAir (8I; in Italy 899 500060; www.myair.com) Norwegian Air Shuttle (DY; in Norway 815 21815; www.norwegian.no) Royal Air Maroc (AT; www.royalairmaroc.com) Ryanair (FR; 807 22 00 32, in the UK 0871 246 0000, in Ireland 0818 303030; www.ryanair.com) Singapore Airlines (SQ; 902 01 25 14; ­www.singaporeair.com) Sky Europe (NE; 807 00 12 04, in Slovakia 02 3301 7301, in Hungary 06 1777 7000; www.skyeurope.com) Spanair (JK; 902 13 14 15; www.spanair.com) Sterling Airlines (NB; 91 749 66 43, in Denmark 70 10 84 84; www.sterlingticket.com) Swiss (LX; 901 11 67 12, in Switzerland 0848 700700; www.swiss.com) Thomson Fly (BY; in the UK 0871 231 4691; ­www.thomsonfly.com) Transavia (HV; 807 07 50 22, in the Netherlands 0900 0737; www.transavia.com) US Airways (US; 901 11 70 73, in the USA 800 428 4322; www.usairways.com) Vueling (VY; 902 33 39 33; www.vueling.com) Windjet (IV; 900 99 69 33; w2.volawindjet.it) Wizz (W6; 807 45 00 10, in Hungary 06 9018 1181; http://wizzair.com) Tickets The internet is increasingly the easiest way of locating and booking reasonably priced seats. This is especially so for flights from around Europe, regardless of whether you are flying with major carriers like Iberia or low-cost airlines. Full-time students and those under 26 sometimes have access to discounted fares, especially on longer-haul flights from beyond Europe. You have to show a document proving your date of birth or a valid International Student Identity Card (ISIC) when buying your ticket. Other cheap deals include the discounted tickets released to travel agents and specialist discount agencies.

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Competing with Iberia are Spanair and Air Europa, as well as the low-cost companies Clickair (another Iberia subsidiary) and Vueling. Between them they cover a host of Spanish destinations. The busiest route by far, in spite of strong competition from the high-speed AVE train, is the Barcelona–Madrid puente (bridge). The UK low-cost airline EasyJet has a hub in Madrid and offers domestic flights to Oviedo, Ibiza and A Coruña. Ireland’s Ryanair also runs a handful of domestic Spanish flights, including Alicante–Zaragoza, Girona–Granada, Girona–Madrid, Madrid–Santander, Reus–Palma de Mallorca, Reus–Santander, Reus–Santiago de Compostela, Reus–Seville and Valencia–Santiago de Compostela.

Who Stole the American Dream?
by Hedrick Smith
Published 10 Sep 2012

Pat O’Neill, who ended up making $50,000 plus, could count on an annual retirement of roughly $36,000, or about $3,000 a month—for the rest of his life. United Airlines was committed to that under its union contracts and the 1974 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Bankrupt Promises The crunch began in the 1990s. Low-cost carriers like Southwest Airlines began eating into United’s market share, and its profit margins slipped. In 1994, United’s finances were so shaky that management struck a grand bargain with its unions—management would trade 55 percent majority ownership in the company to its unions in exchange for their agreeing to $4.9 billion in pay cuts and reduced benefits.

Croatia
by Anja Mutic and Vesna Maric
Published 1 Apr 2013

Police will not always take reports of ‘date rape’ seriously. Be careful about being alone with an unfamiliar man. Topless sunbathing is tolerated, but there are numerous nudist beaches. Top of section Transport GETTING THERE & AWAY Getting to Croatia is becoming ever easier, especially if you’re arriving in summer. Low-cost carriers have established routes to Croatia – you can now fly to Dubrovnik, Split, Zadar, Rijeka, Pula and Zagreb on a budget airline. A plethora of bus and ferry routes also shepherd holidaymakers to the coast. Flights, tours and rail tickets can be booked online at www.lonelyplanet.com/bookings. Entering the Country With an economy that depends heavily on tourism, Croatia has wisely kept red tape to a minimum for foreign visitors.

The Alchemists: Three Central Bankers and a World on Fire
by Neil Irwin
Published 4 Apr 2013

Black humor notwithstanding, the Irish seemed to deal with the coming era of austerity—and even their loss of economic sovereignty—with greater acceptance than the Greeks had. In the Mediterranean nation that spring, protestors had staged a nationwide strike, tried to storm parliament, and firebombed a bank, leaving three dead. By contrast, there was no significant violence in the streets of Ireland, although the chief executive of the low-cost airline Ryanair upstaged the prime minister by showing up at an event to celebrate the opening of a new terminal at Dublin’s airport with a coffin covered by an Irish flag. He announced that the terminal amounted to a “nice welcoming lounge” for IMF officials. It probably helped that the Irish were fast losing confidence in their own elected officials.

Sweden
by Becky Ohlsen
Published 19 Jun 2009

Return to beginning of chapter GETTING THERE & AWAY Air Stockholm’s main airport, Stockholm-Arlanda (797 60 00; www.arlanda.se, www.lfv.se), is 45km north of the city centre and can be reached from central Stockholm by both bus and express train (Click here). Bromma Airport (797 68 00) is 8km west of Stockholm and is used for some domestic flights. Skavsta Airport (0155-28 04 00), 100km south of Stockholm, near Nyköping, is mostly used by low-cost carriers like Ryanair and Wizz Air. The SAS (0770-72 77 27; www.sas.se) network serves 28 Swedish destinations from Arlanda, and has international services to Copenhagen, Oslo, Helsinki and a host of other European cities including Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Berlin, Dublin, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hamburg, London, Manchester, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, St Petersburg and Zagreb.

Lonely Planet Iceland (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Carolyn Bain and Alexis Averbuck
Published 31 Mar 2015

Find a list of airlines serving the country at www.kefairport.is/English/Service/Airlines/. Icelandair (www.icelandair.com) is the national carrier, with an excellent safety record. Air Iceland (Flugfélag Íslands; www.airiceland.is) is the main domestic airline, but also flies to destinations in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. WOW Air (www.wowair.com) is an Icelandic low-cost carrier, serving a growing number of European and North American destinations. Sea Smyril Line (www.smyrilline.com) operates a pricey but well-patronised weekly car ferry, the Norröna, from Hirsthals (Denmark) through Tórshavn (Faroe Islands) to Seyðisfjörður in east Iceland. Boats run year-round between Denmark and the Faroe Islands; Iceland is part of the set itinerary from late March until October.

France (Lonely Planet, 8th Edition)
by Nicola Williams
Published 14 Oct 2010

See the boxed text for shops selling the town’s other gastronomic claim to fame, chocolate. Getting There & Away AIR Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne airport ( 05 59 43 83 83; www.biarritz.aeroport.fr) is 5km southwest of central Bayonne and 3km southeast of the centre of Biarritz. It’s served by low-cost carriers including easyJet and Ryanair, as well as Air France, with daily domestic flights and flights to the UK, and regular flights to Ireland and other European destinations. Bus 6 links both Bayonne and Biarritz with the airport (buses depart roughly hourly). A taxi from the town centre costs around €15 to €20.

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* * * Marseille’s biggest market, the daily Prado Market (Map; Castellane or Périer; 8am-1pm) stretches from the Castellane metro station along av du Prado to the Périer metro station, with a staggering array of clothes, fruit, vegetables and speciality items – and a flower market on Friday morning. Getting There & Away AIR Aéroport Marseille-Provence ( 04 42 14 14 14; www.marseille.aeroport.fr), also known as Aéroport Marseille-Marignane, is 25km northwest of town in Marignane. It has numerous flights to Europe and North Africa, including flights with low-cost airlines. BOAT Marseille’s passenger ferry terminal (Map; 04 91 39 40 00; www.marseille-port.fr; Joliette) is 250m south of place de la Joliette (1er). The Société Nationale Maritime Corse-Méditerranée (SNCM; Map; 08 25 88 80 88; www.sncm.fr; 61 bd des Dames, 2e; Joliette; 8am-6pm Mon-Fri, 8.30am-noon & 2-5.30pm Sat) links Marseille with Corsica (Click here), Sardinia and Tunisia.

Aerotropolis
by John D. Kasarda and Greg Lindsay
Published 2 Jan 2009

That was topped in November 2003, a month before the master plan’s completion, when Shin Corp., Thaksin’s family-owned conglomerate, struck a deal with Malaysia’s Air Asia to launch Thailand’s first low-fare carrier. The new airline would go head-to-head at Suvarnabhumi with Thai Airways (owned by Thaksin’s government), which was set to sell nearly a quarter of itself to help pay for the airport. The egregious conflicts of interest staggered the planners. “I think it’s great Thailand will have a low-cost airline,” said one. “But what a shame it had to be owned by Thaksin.” His siblings confined their avarice to flipping real estate and dispens-ing favors. One miniscandal broke when the airport’s parking lot contractor claimed on tape that he’d paid Yarowet $250 million to win the contract. A second tape appeared in which he claimed he hadn’t paid her anything, and then he took the whole thing back.

Imagining India
by Nandan Nilekani
Published 25 Nov 2008

With the advent of Sam Pitroda’s telephone exchanges, PCO/STD community phone booths became ubiquitous across much of urban India. The computerization of railways was another effort the government made to reform infrastructure indirectly, without upsetting the reigning power equations and the hold of the bureaucracy. Captain Gopinath, the founder of Air Deccan, India’s first low-cost airline, has had a colorful life—after his stint in the army, he lived in a tent for a year on a patch of barren land he was trying to farm on, then tried his hand at growing silkworms, and eventually won awards for his eco-friendly agricultural practices. But he met his match when he went to Delhi to get an aviation license, and walked into a maze of red tape.

Atlas Obscura: An Explorer's Guide to the World's Hidden Wonders
by Joshua Foer , Dylan Thuras and Ella Morton
Published 19 Sep 2016

Initially erected as promotional tools for stores, museums, and lodgings, the big things became attractions themselves. For many Australians, stopping for a photo in front of the Big Banana was a summer vacation ritual. There are over a hundred big things in Australia, but most look a little run-down these days. Low-cost airline flights are gradually replacing the great Australian road trip. Low-tech big things now evoke feelings of nostalgia—and a bit of cultural cringe. Big Mango 39 feet (11.9 m) Bowen, QLD Big Banana 16 feet (4.9 m) Coffs Harbour, NSW Golden Guitar 39 feet (11.9 m) Tamworth, NSW Big Boxing Crocodile 26 feet (7.9 m) Humpty Doo, NT Big Merino 49 feet (15 m) Goulburn, NSW Giant Koala 46 feet (14 m) Dadswells Bridge, VIC Big Prawn 20 feet (6.1 m) Ballina, NSW Big Pineapple 53 feet (16.2 m) Woombye, QLD Big Ned Kelly 20 feet (6.1 m) Glenrowan, VIC Big Galah 26 feet (7.9 m) Kimba, SA Also in Australia Litchfield Termite Mounds Adelaide River · What look like craggy tombstones are actually houses built by ants.

Frommer's Mexico 2008
by David Baird , Juan Cristiano , Lynne Bairstow and Emily Hughey Quinn
Published 21 Sep 2007

BY PLANE Mexico has two large private national carriers: Mexicana (& 800/531-7921; www. mexicana.com) and AeroMéxico (& 800/ 237-6639; www.aeromexico.com), in addition to several up-and-coming lowcost carriers. Mexicana and AeroMéxico offer extensive connections to the United States as well as within Mexico. Up-and-coming low-cost carriers include Aviacsa (www.aviacsa.com), Click Mexicana (www.click.com.mx), and InterJet (www.interjet.com.mx). Regional carriers include Aerovega (www.oaxaca-mio.com/aerovega.htm), Aero Tucán (www.aero-tucan.com), and AeroMéxico’s Aerolitoral (www.aeroli toral.com.mx). The regional carriers can be expensive, but they go to difficult-toreach places.

…

Local numbers for major airlines with nonstop or direct service to Acapulco are AeroMéxico (& 744/485-1625 or 01-800/021-4010 and -4000 inside Mexico), American (& 744/466-9232, or 01-800/904-6000 inside Mexico for reservations), Continental (& 744/466-9063), Mexicana (& 744/466-9121 or 486-7586), and US Airways (& 744/466-9257). AeroMéxico flies from Guadalajara, Mexico City, Tijuana, and Monterrey; Aviacsa (& 01800/711-6733) flies from Mexico City; InterJet (& 01800/01-12345) is a new low-cost carrier that flies from Toluca, near Mexico City; Mexicana flies from Mexico City. Check with a travel agent about charter flights. The airport (airport code: ACA) is 22km (14 miles) southeast of town, over the hills east of the bay. Private taxis are the fastest way to get downtown; they cost $30 to $50 (£17–£28).

The Rough Guide to Korea
by Rough Guides
Published 24 Sep 2018

You may never be able to look at a hareubang in the same way, or see regal tombs as simple mounds of earth – maybe this park is the continuation of a long-running trend. ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE JEJU CITY By plane There are flights to Jeju from almost all mainland airports (bar Incheon, weirdly) – for as little as W20,000 one-way with a low-cost carrier, booked in advance, but more commonly around W90,000 – as well as a fair few cities across eastern Asia. This has long been the preferred form of arrival for locals, and the resultant closure of ferry routes means that planes are generally the way to go for foreign travellers too. The airport is a few kilometres west of the city centre, which is around W5000 by cab; in addition, six bus routes make the short run to the city centre, the most useful of which is #100 (W1200), which heads east every 15min or so to the bus terminal, then on to Dongmun Rotary in the city centre.

Lonely Planet London
by Lonely Planet
Published 22 Apr 2012

Most trans-Atlantic flights land at Heathrow (average flight time from the east coast is about seven to eight hours, 10 to 11 hours from the west coast; slightly more on the way back). Visitors from Europe are more likely to arrive in Gatwick, Stansted or Luton (the latter two are used exclusively by low-cost airlines such as easyJet and Ryanair). Most flights to continental Europe last two to three hours. An increasingly popular form of transport is the Euro-star between London and Paris or Brussels (Channel Tunnel train). The journey lasts 2¼ hours to Paris and less than two hours to Brussels, and takes visitors directly to/from the centre of each city.

Frommer's Egypt
by Matthew Carrington
Published 8 Sep 2008

In addition, most airlines week. offer online-only fares that even their TABA (TCP) This airport is currently phone agents know nothing about. only being used by direct charters from British travelers should check Flights European hubs. International (& 0800/0187050; KHARGA (UVL) This airport services www.flights-international.com) for one EgyptAir flight a week, on Sundays. deals on flights all over the world. Ticket price is LE400 ($73/£37). You • A number of low-cost airlines in may have a problem booking a seat—this Europe are now well known for is officially a government flight, but the their cheap flights to Egypt. Expect EgyptAir office in Kharga can do it. If crowded planes, little leg room, you run into problems in Cairo, phone and low, low prices. Dutch-based Mahmoud Shokri at the Kharga office Transavia (& 20/4060406; http:// (& 092/7921695). en.transavia.com/en) has taken a lot 05_259290-ch02.qxp 7/28/08 8:30 AM Page 21 GETTING THERE 21 “local” websites in 12 countries.

The Rough Guide to Paris
by Rough Guides
Published 1 May 2023

Using a flight comparison site such as Skyscanner (http://skyscanner.net) will help you navigate the maze of fares: the most competitive prices from the UK tend to be with no-frills airlines such as easyJet (http://easyjet.com), as well as a number of other operators on regional routes – for example, Jet2 (http://jet2.com) flies to Paris CDG from the East Midlands and Leeds Bradford. National carriers British Airways (http://britishairways.com), Air France (http://airfrance.com), KLM (http://klm.com) and Aer Lingus (http://aerlingus.com) are sometimes no more expensive than the low-cost airlines and they may have special offers; students and people under 26 should ask about discounts on scheduled flights. Note that some budget airline flights land at Beauvais airport, inconveniently located around 80km northwest of Paris, although there is a direct bus service from the airport to central Paris.

Lonely Planet Iceland
by Lonely Planet

Find a list of airlines serving the country at www.visiticeland.com (under Plan/Travel to Iceland). Icelandair (www.icelandair.com) The national carrier has an excellent safety record. Air Iceland (www.airiceland.is) The main domestic airline (not to be confused with Icelandair). Also flies to destinations in Greenland and the Faroe Islands. WOW Air (www.wowair.com) Icelandic low-cost carrier, serving a growing number of European and North American destinations. Sea Smyril Line (www.smyrilline.com) operates a pricey but well-patronised weekly car ferry, the Norröna, from Hirtshals (Denmark) through Tórshavn (Faroe Islands) to Seyðisfjörður in East Iceland. It operates year-round, although winter passage is weather-dependent – see website for more.

Pauline Frommer's London: Spend Less, See More
by Jason Cochran
Published 5 Feb 2007

P&O Ferries does France, too, with a run to Bilbao, Spain, every three days. Portsmouth, a harbor on the Southern English coast, is the country’s primary ferry port (mostly to France, but a few to Spain); obtain contacts for the latest operators at its website, www.portsmouth-port.co.uk. Given the proliferation of low-cost airlines, ferry travel has become an outdated and time-consuming way to travel and it’s mostly used by people who need to transfer cars. GETTING TO THE AIRPORTS: RAIL IT Transatlantic flights almost always land at either Heathrow, the world’s busiest international airport, or Gatwick, perhaps the most dissed; with a few minor exceptions, the other three airports (Stansted, Luton, and London City) serve flights from Europe, and they’re where the cut-rate flyers tend to go.

Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation
by Edward Chancellor
Published 31 May 2000

The difference comes in levels of customer service, both on the ground and in the air. From Ireland, there are flights from Dublin to Zürich and Geneva on Aer Lingus (aerlingus.com) or Swiss (swiss.com). Ryanair (ryanair.com) currently offer only one route, namely from Dublin to Basel. Flying to a UK airport and then picking up a flight on a low-cost airline to Geneva or Zürich offers more flexibility though may save little. Flights from the US and Canada Swiss International Air Lines (swiss.com) flies from Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Montreal, New York and San Francisco nonstop to Zürich, and from New York to Geneva. Codeshare arrangements with Edelweiss Air and United Airlines adds Calgary, Tampa, Vancouver and Washington to the list of destinations served from Zürich (Washington is also served from Geneva on codeshare flights).

Lonely Planet Eastern Europe
by Lonely Planet , Mark Baker , Tamara Sheward , Anita Isalska , Hugh McNaughtan , Lorna Parkes , Greg Bloom , Marc Di Duca , Peter Dragicevich , Tom Masters , Leonid Ragozin , Tim Richards and Simon Richmond
Published 30 Sep 2017

Visas Tourist visas for stays of less than 90 days aren't required by citizens of the EU/EEA, Canada, the USA and Japan. Australians and New Zealanders still need a visa. 8Getting There & Away The majority of visitors to Ukraine fly – generally to Kyiv. Flights, tours and rail tickets can be booked online through Lonely Planet (www.lonelyplanet.com/bookings). Air Only a couple of low-cost airlines fly to Ukraine. Most international flights use Kyiv's main airport, Boryspil International Airport (%044 393 4371; www.kbp.aero). Lviv International Airport (LWO; %032-229 8112; www.lwo.aero) also has a few international connections. Ukraine International Airlines (www.flyuia.com) is Ukraine's flag carrier.

The Rough Guide to Switzerland (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 24 May 2022

The difference comes in levels of customer service, both on the ground and in the air. From Ireland, there are flights from Dublin to Zürich and Geneva on Aer Lingus (aerlingus.com) or Swiss (swiss.com). Ryanair (ryanair.com) currently offer only one route, namely from Dublin to Basel. Flying to a UK airport and then picking up a flight on a low-cost airline to Geneva or Zürich offers more flexibility though may save little. Flights from the US and Canada Swiss International Air Lines (swiss.com) flies from Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, Montreal, New York and San Francisco nonstop to Zürich, and from New York to Geneva. Codeshare arrangements with Edelweiss Air and United Airlines adds Calgary, Tampa, Vancouver and Washington to the list of destinations served from Zürich (Washington is also served from Geneva on codeshare flights).

Lonely Planet Western Balkans
by Lonely Planet , Peter Dragicevich , Mark Baker , Stuart Butler , Anthony Ham , Jessica Lee , Vesna Maric , Kevin Raub and Brana Vladisavljevic
Published 1 Oct 2019

Best Places to Eat A Belveder A Hotel Soa A Restaurant Conte A Konoba Feral A Antigona Best Places to Stay A La Vecchia Casa A Palazzo Drusko A Drago A Palazzo Radomiri A Old Town Hostel Entering the Country Whether you choose to fly, train, ferry, bus or drive, it’s not difficult to get to Montenegro these days. New routes – including those served by low-cost carriers – are continually being added to the busy timetable at the country’s two airports. It’s also possible to make your way from neighbouring countries, especially Croatia. Dubrovnik’s airport is very close to the border and the beautiful city makes an impressive starting point to a Montenegro holiday.

The Railways: Nation, Network and People
by Simon Bradley
Published 23 Sep 2015

Each was to include day saloons as well as sleeping cars, to allow seated travel during waking hours. Catering cars were included too. Work began to build the 139 vehicles that would be needed. None of this took account of the competition. Just as the bodyshells of the carriages were taking shape, the first low-cost airlines began their remorseless ascent across Europe. What had always been a hazily optimistic business model for the Nightstars and provincial Eurostars now lay in shreds, and the project was halted in 1997. Formal abandonment followed two years later. In a rerun of the APT débacle, Britain’s railways now found themselves with lots of costly new rolling stock, built or half-built, for which there was no obvious use.

Security Analysis
by Benjamin Graham and David Dodd
Published 1 Jan 1962

Then the price of oil doubled again. The shares have declined 30% since our initial investment, and the profit outlook has dimmed. Still, the business franchise is intact. Nothing has happened that makes us believe the long-term value of our investment has diminished. In fact, during this period of adversity, other low-cost carriers are expected to cease operations. Lenders are likely to be cautious in funding possible new entrants, and consumers may wish to trade down to take advantage of Ryanair’s low fares. Over time, a company with this kind of cost advantage must take market share and earn attractive returns. The process I have just described is our attempt to cover the bases outlined by the authors of Security Analysis.

Lonely Planet Chile & Easter Island (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Carolyn McCarthy and Kevin Raub
Published 19 Oct 2015

Getting There & Away Air Chile’s main air hub for both national and domestic flights is Aeropuerto Internacional Arturo Merino Benítez (Pudahuel; Click here; 690-1752, lost property 690-1707; www.aeropuertosantiago.cl). It’s 26km west of central Santiago. Lan ( 600-526-2000; www.lan.com), Aerolíneas Argentinas ( 800-610-200; www.aerolineas.com.ar) and low-cost airline Gol ( 1-888-0042-0090; www.voegol.com.br) run regular domestic and regional services from here. Major international airlines that fly to Chile have offices or representatives in Santiago: Click here for a complete list. For a list of Lan’s Santiago offices and sample one-way domestic airfares from Santiago, Click here.

Coastal California
by Lonely Planet

Air Several major US carriers fly within California, although the expense involved only makes it worthwhile if you have to travel long distances in a hurry. Intra-California flights are often operated by regional subsidiaries, such as American Eagle, Delta Connection and United Express. Alaska Airlines and partner Horizon Air serve many regional California airports, as do popular low-cost airlines Southwest and JetBlue. Virgin America currently flies out of San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego. For airports, Click here. Bicycle Although it’s a nonpolluting ‘green’ way to travel, cycling coastal California’s roads demands a high level of fitness and the long distances involved make it difficult to cover much ground very fast.

Lonely Planet Morocco (Travel Guide)
by Lonely Planet , Paul Clammer and Paula Hardy
Published 1 Jul 2014

Without a clear role post-Independence, Marrakesh resumed its fall-back career as a caravanserai – and became the nation’s breakaway success. Roving hippies built the city’s mystique in the 1960s and ’70s, and visits by the Rolling Stones, Beatles and Led Zeppelin gave the city star power. In the 1990s private medina mansions were converted into B&Bs, just in time for low-cost airlines to deliver weekenders to brass-studded riad doors. Marrakesh was amid a major tourism boom in 2008 when the global financial crisis started to wreak havoc in European markets, which account for over 80% of the city’s visitors. Hot on the heels of this fiscal collapse, an Islamist militant disguised as a guitar-carrying hippie walked into Café Argana on the Djemaa el-Fna and planted two bombs that killed 17 people in April 2011.

Coastal California Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

In cities, when distances are too far to walk, hop aboard buses, trains, streetcars, cable cars or trolleys, or grab a taxi. Air Several major US carriers fly within California. Flights are often operated by their regional subsidiaries, such as American Eagle, Delta Connection and United Express. Alaska Airlines/Virgin America, Frontier Airlines, Horizon Air and JetBlue serve many regional airports, as do low-cost airlines Southwest and Spirit. Bicycle ACycling is a feasible way of getting around smaller cities and beach towns, but it’s not much fun in traffic-dense urban areas like LA. ASan Francisco, Napa, Arcata and Santa Monica are among California’s most bike-friendly communities, as rated by the League of American Bicyclists (www.bikeleague.org).

The Rough Guide to Portugal (Travel Guide eBook)
by Rough Guides
Published 1 Mar 2023

But most of the population failed to prosper under his rule, and by the 1974 revolution which ushered in democracy, most of Lisbon was stuck in a time warp with little or no economic development. The modern city Entry into the EU and a series of events – including Expo 98, the hosting of the European Championships in 2004 and Lisbon’s new-found status as a hub for low-cost airlines – have seen money and development pour into the city, bequeathing new rail and metro lines and Europe’s longest bridge, Ponte Vasco da Gama. The historic bairros (districts) and riverfront have also been given makeovers. If some of the renovation has somewhat diminished the city’s erstwhile lost-in-time feel, it has also injected a wave of optimism that has made Lisbon one of Europe’s most exciting capitals.

Lonely Planet Greek Islands
by Lonely Planet , Alexis Averbuck , Michael S Clark , Des Hannigan , Victoria Kyriakopoulos and Korina Miller
Published 31 Mar 2012

Iraklio’s Nikos Kazantzakis Airport (www.heraklion-airport.info) is Crete’s busiest airport, although Hania (www.chania-airport.com) is convenient for travellers heading to western Crete. Sitia is slated for expansion but for now only receives domestic flights. Between May and October, European low-cost carriers and charter airlines such as easyJet, Germanwings, AirBerlin, Fly Thomas Cook and Jet2 operate direct flights to Crete, mostly from UK and German airports. Aegean Airlines has year-round direct flights to Crete from London, Milan, Paris and Rome; coming from another destination requires connecting in Athens.

Lonely Planet Turkey
by Lonely Planet

Minimal English spoken. 8Getting There & Away AIR Antalya’s busy international airport (Antalya Havalımanı; %0242-444 7423; www.aytport.com; Serik Caddesi) is 10km east of the city centre on the D400 highway. In the arrivals hall there’s a tourist information desk, and a number of car-hire agency counters. Low-cost carriers operate plentiful direct flights to European cities, Middle Eastern and Gulf destinations including Beirut and Sharjah, and many Russian cities. Turkish Airlines (www.turkishairlines.com), Pegasus Airlines (www.flypgs.com) and Sun Express (www.sunexpress.com) operate extensive domestic networks from Antalya, serving many Turkish cities, including daily flights to/from İstanbul.

Greece Travel Guide
by Lonely Planet

The harsh German occupation lasted throughout WWII, with many mountain villages bombed or burnt down and their occupants executed en masse. 8Getting There & Away Air Most travellers arrive in Crete by air, usually with a change in Athens. Iraklio’s Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete’s busiest airport, although Hania is convenient for travellers heading to western Crete. Sitia only receives a handful of domestic flights. Between May and October, European low-cost carriers and charter airlines such as easyJet, Germanwings, AirBerlin, Fly Thomas Cook and Jet2 operate direct flights to Crete, from all over Europe. Aegean Airlines (www.aegeanair.com) operates direct flights to Iraklio from many European airports, including London-Heathrow, Milan, Paris, Marseille and Rome.

The Rough Guide to England
by Rough Guides
Published 29 Mar 2018

London’s biggest and best-known airports – Heathrow and Gatwick – take the bulk of transatlantic and long-haul flights into the UK, though there are also three smaller London airports (Stansted, Luton and City) and a host of useful regional British airports, many of which are served by numerous low-cost airlines from mainland Europe and Ireland. Principally, in England these are Manchester and Liverpool in the northwest; Birmingham in the West Midlands; Bristol, Newquay and Exeter in the West Country; Leeds-Bradford and Doncaster-Sheffield in Yorkshire; Newcastle and Durham Tees Valley in the northeast; East Midlands; and Bournemouth and Southampton in the south.

The the Rough Guide to Turkey
by Rough Guides
Published 15 Oct 2023

Other options include Malaysia Airlines via Kuala Lumpur (http://malaysiaairlines.com); Singapore Airlines via Singapore (http://singaporeair.com); or South African Airways (http://flysaa.com) and Qantas (http://qantas.com) via Johannesburg in South Africa. THY (http://turkishairlines.com) also fly to Istanbul from Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Johannesburg. A marginally less expensive but far more time-consuming strategy would involve taking a flight to London and proceeding from there with one of the low-cost airlines Round-the-World (RTW) tickets including Turkey use combinations of airlines, and could be worth considering for a long trip taking in many destinations; generally, some free stopovers are allowed. Fares vary enormously so shop around. From South Africa, THY has direct flights from Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town to Istanbul.

Central America
by Carolyn McCarthy , Greg Benchwick , Joshua Samuel Brown , Alex Egerton , Matthew Firestone , Kevin Raub , Tom Spurling and Lucas Vidgen
Published 2 Jan 2001

Meanwhile, the FSLN government, fully aware of the potential of ecotourism in the country, has taken a real interest in environmental issues, even calling in the army to back up the nation’s underresourced park rangers. TRANSPORTATION Getting There & Away Air Nicaragua’s main airport is Augusto C Sandino in Managua (MGA; Click here). There are daily direct flights to a number of US cities, including Miami, Atlanta and Houston, while low-cost carrier Spirit airlines has a late-night service to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. There are also direct regional services to San Salvador, San José, Tegucigalpa, and Panama, with connecting services to other Latin American destinations. It’s always worth checking flight prices to neighboring Costa Rica, a smooth bus ride away, as they can be substantially cheaper.

California
by Sara Benson
Published 15 Oct 2010

Several major US carriers fly within California. Flights are often operated by their regional subsidiaries, such as American Eagle, Delta Connection and United Express. Alaska Airlines and its partner airline Horizon Air have perhaps the most extensive intra-California networks. The most popular low-cost airline is Southwest. Click here for airline contact information. Return to beginning of chapter BICYCLE Although it’s a nonpolluting ‘green’ way to travel, bicycling California requires focused awareness and a high level of fitness. The distances involved make it hard to cover much ground. Cyclists must follow the same rules of the road as vehicles, but don’t expect drivers to always respect your right-of-way.

Lonely Planet France
by Lonely Planet Publications
Published 31 Mar 2013

Information Tourist office ( 08 20 42 64 64; www.bayonne-tourisme.com; place des Basques; 9am-7pm Mon-Sat, 10am-1pm Sun) Efficient office providing stacks of informative brochures and free bike rental, plus guided city tours. Getting There & Away Air Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne airport ( 05 59 43 83 83; www.biarritz.aeroport.fr) is 5km southwest of central Bayonne and 3km southeast of the centre of Biarritz. It’s served by low-cost carriers including EasyJet and Ryanair, as well as Air France, with daily domestic flights and flights to the UK, and regular flights to Ireland, Finland, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Bus From place des Basques, ATCRB (www.transdev-atcrb.com) buses follow the coast to the Spanish border. There are nine services daily to St-Jean de Luz (€3, 40 minutes) and Hendaye (€3, one hour).