lumpers and splitters Concepts

The Next Great Migration: The Beauty and Terror of Life on the Move

by Sonia Shah

to the bottom.” In any discipline that attempts to create order from a confusion of data, there are what Charles Darwin would later call “lumpers” and “splitters.” The splitters focus on differences between the data points, cleaving them into as many categories as necessary to distinguish each from the other based on their

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” to his name, and moved to Paris, where he’d been appointed as curator for the king’s medical gardens. If Linnaeus was a splitter, Buffon was a lumper. His ideas ravaged Linnaean taxonomy. Unlike Linnaeus, who pictured nature as unchanging and rigidly ordered, Buffon saw it as mutable and dynamic.20

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human racial groups, here natural selection theory, poor reception of, here Origin of Species, here, here psychological stress of, here Darwin, Leonard, here, here data, lumpers vs. splitters of, here Davenport, Charles, here, here, here, here Davis, Kingsley, here, here, here deforestation, here, here demographic transition theory, here, here Denisovan DNA in

How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine

by Trisha Greenhalgh · 18 Nov 2010 · 321pp · 97,661 words

of Professor Hans Eysenck [21], who has constructed a vigorous and entertaining critique of the science of meta-analysis. In a world of lumpers and splitters, Eysenck is a splitter, and it offends his sense of the qualitative and the particular (see Chapter 12) to combine the results of studies that were performed

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least-squares methods ‘length of stay’ level of evidence lifestyle, health-related likelihood ratio nomogram literature searching long-term effects longitudinal survey looking for answers ‘lumpers and splitters’ mammogram management theory, classical Marinker, Marshall marketing masking, see blinding Maskrey, Neal McMaster Health Utilities Index Questionnaire mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) mean (statistical) measurements

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research social cognition social movement ‘social stigma’ ‘soft’ science Someren, Van sources pre-appraised synthesised specialised resources specific educational intervention specificity spectrum of participants ‘splitters and lumpers’ sponsors and stakeholders SQUIRE guidelines stages of change models stakeholders standard current practice standard deviation (SD) standard gamble measurements standardisation standards, explicit and accessible statin

Talk on the Wild Side

by Lane Greene · 15 Dec 2018 · 284pp · 84,169 words

answer was in: thousands of people, tired of nationalist posturing, in all the republics. * People who classify and count languages can be broadly categorised as lumpers or splitters. Lumpers, looking at the linguistic facts of Yugoslavia, would insist that there is still a single language, despite the re-naming. (They’d probably

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, in a poll asking “Should the Cornish dialect be revived?” Though there is sometimes no clear-cut line between dialect and language – remember our “lumper” and “splitter” positions – Cornish has no relatives close enough to be a dialect of anything. It is a language. Keeping languages alive may not be strictly useful

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, 62, 63, 111 determiners 171–2, 174 dialects 6, 13, 40, 44–5, 127–31, 136, 139, 150, 213 at school 170, 173–82 lumpers and splitters 133 minorities 136, 154–5 diphthongs 127 Dole, Bob 59 Dostert, Leo 68 Dothraki language 20 Dryden, John 157–8, 161 E e-mail 12

Word by Word: The Secret Life of Dictionaries

by Kory Stamper · 14 Mar 2017 · 341pp · 95,752 words

compartments! Travel tickets! Candy! Where are these hotels today? Lexicographers tend to fall into one of two categories when it comes to writing definitions: lumpers and splitters. Lumpers are definers who tend to write broad definitions that can cover several more minor variations on that meaning; splitters are people who tend to

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-meanings covered by their broad definitions, and splitters have a very hard time collapsing their incredibly concise definitions into one. Emily and I are splitters; Neil is a lumper; Steve can do both, though the more he defines, the more he tends toward lumping. That definition of “fishstick” was written by a

The Four Pillars of Investing: Lessons for Building a Winning Portfolio

by William J. Bernstein · 26 Apr 2002 · 407pp · 114,478 words

, in a retirement account, you’ll want to break the U.S. market into separate parts. Table 13-1. U.S. Total Market Funds Lumpers and Splitters It’s now time to tackle an extremely difficult issue—one that is so thorny that even experts occasionally disagree strongly about it. Namely, is

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“Sheltered Sam,” 266, 268–269, 271 “Taxable Ted,” 265–266, 267 “Young Yvonne,” 271, 272–274, 275 foreign stocks, 116–120, 255–257, 256 lumpers vs. splitters, 248–255, 251–253 vs. press coverage, 223-224 retirement rebalancing, 291–293 children, teaching, 274 Asset Allocation (Gibson), 225 Asset bloat, mutual funds, 83

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, 16-39 bonds, in asset allocation, 113–114 expected, in asset classes, 70, 71 Gordon Equation, 53–62, 192 stocks, 20-39 LTV Inc., 83 Lumpers vs. splitters in asset mix, 247, 248–255, 251–253 Lynch, Peter, 91–93 Mackay, Charles, 151 Malkiel, Burton, 55, 224 Management fees, mutual funds, 206

Dark Laboratory: On Columbus, the Caribbean, and the Origins of the Climate Crisis

by Tao Leigh. Goffe · 14 Mar 2025 · 441pp · 122,013 words

been an exact science either. Among taxonomists, there are endless debates about what constitutes a new species. Taxonomists themselves fall into two general categories: lumpers and splitters, derived from what Darwin described as “hair-splitters.”[8] Sean explained to me that lumpers tend to embrace difference as being less important than signature

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, 2022. BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 7 Charles Darwin, Letter to J. D. Hooker, August 1, 1857. Darwin Correspondence Project. “It is good to have hair-splitters & lumpers.” BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 8 See Daina Ramey Berry, The Price for Their Pound of Flesh: The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave

This Is Service Design Doing: Applying Service Design Thinking in the Real World: A Practitioners' Handbook

by Marc Stickdorn, Markus Edgar Hormess, Adam Lawrence and Jakob Schneider · 12 Jan 2018 · 704pp · 182,312 words

not – and you will hear two types of conversation when it comes to terminology. Just like when paleontologists discuss taxonomy, you will find the “splitters” and the “lumpers.” The splitters will talk about the differences between service design, experience design, design thinking, holistic UX, user-centered design, human-centered design, new marketing

Blueprint: The Evolutionary Origins of a Good Society

by Nicholas A. Christakis · 26 Mar 2019

explanations for human experience. Those advocating for the existence of universals are generally seen as belonging to the nature camp. Another tension arises between “lumpers” and “splitters.” Lumpers seek to group similar things together; splitters identify fine distinctions in the natural world.16 Still another tension is between those focusing on the

The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution

by Richard Dawkins · 1 Jan 2004 · 734pp · 244,010 words

other species such as the enigmatic Dromiciops, the monito del monte). The 200 Australinean species (give or take a few depending on whether we are lumpers or splitters)* have branched to fill the whole range of 'trades' formerly occupied by the dinosaurs, and independently occupied by other mammals in the rest of

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') fish. Endemic means that they are found nowhere else than in Lake Victoria, and presumably evolved there. Depending on whether your ichthyologist is a lumper or a splitter, the number of species of cichlid in Lake Victoria is somewhere between 200 and 500, and a recent authoritative estimate puts it at 450

Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic

by David Quammen · 30 Sep 2012 · 669pp · 195,743 words

-forthing was merely a matter of taxonomic practice, reflecting the chronic tension between splitters (who like to delineate many species and subspecies) and lumpers (who prefer fewer). The splitters won a temporary victory; the lumpers prevailed. A second sort of confusion, more consequential, derived from uncertainty over the tick’s less formal