by Joe Studwell · 6 Dec 2025 · 393pp · 148,223 words
’s existing manufacturing economies. Many African manufacturing ‘firms’ are just one or two people. In Ghana, such informal microbusinesses account for 40 per cent of manufacturing employment. Research showed that productivity at micromanufacturers making clothing and furniture is twenty-three times lower than in larger, formal firms producing the same products.30
by Noam Scheiber · 6 Apr 2026 · 399pp · 120,332 words
—the result of an effort by the union to organize workers in higher education that dated back to the 1980s, when the UAW recognized shrinking manufacturing employment as a threat to its existence. The UAW understood that academics were experiencing the same insecurity and dislocation that had borne down on industrial workers
by Robert J. Gordon · 12 Jan 2016 · 1,104pp · 302,176 words
striking analysis, David Autor and co-authors calculated that imports from China between 1990 and 2007 accounted for about a quarter of the decline in manufacturing employment during that period and that they also lowered wages, reduced the labor force participation rate, and raised publicly financed transfer payments.10 The inroads of
…
to a decline of the relative incomes of those in the bottom 90 percent. Relatively high-paying manufacturing jobs have eroded, as the share of manufacturing employment in the United States declined from 30 percent in 1953 to less than 10 percent currently. The automation effect overlaps with “skill-biased technical change
…
wages compared to wages in union-dominated northern states, these foreign transplant factories help keep overall U.S. manufacturing employment from declining further. But any progress in arresting the decades-long decline in manufacturing employment appears to be contingent on maintaining worker wages at about half the level that the automobile union had achieved
…
were female. The industrial leadership of the United States during the 1870–1970 century has given way to a mixture of advance and decline. Though manufacturing employment has declined steadily as a share of the economy, American inventions have established a new phase of dominance. Though few computers and smart devices are
…
the industrialization of the Tennessee Valley and provided lasting benefits to the region in the form of high paying manufacturing jobs. Notably, the impact on manufacturing employment persisted well beyond the lapsing of the regional subsidies.” REFERENCES Aaronson, Stephanie, Cajner, Tomas, Fallick, Bruce, Gaibis-Reig, Felix, and Wascher, William (2014). “Labor Force
by George R. Tyler · 15 Jul 2013 · 772pp · 203,182 words
manufacturing jobs between 2000 and 2007 to the new certainty provided by PNTR. Utilizing census data, they concluded: “Absent the shift in US policy, US manufacturing employment would have risen nearly 10 percent between 2001 and 2007, versus an actual decline of more than 15 percent.”9 The second example is the
…
higher-valued services, where technology is devised and refined, translating innovation into goods and services yielding productivity gains.28 The erosion is also reflected in manufacturing employment, which peaked at 19,426,000 in 1979 on the eve of President Reagan’s election. There was a 41 percent decline in manufacturing jobs
…
thereafter, to fewer than 11,500,000 by early 2010, before turning up a bit with the recovery. Manufacturing employment was actually lower in 2009 than in 1941 prior to Pearl Harbor, or in any year in between. The thinning out of
…
manufacturing employment was intense. Writing about the middle years (1984–1986) of the Reagan administration, Peter Peterson noted: “Over the past three years America’s import deluge
…
is cyclical, but each upturn in the macroeconomy during the Reagan decline has featured disproportionate job loss in the manufacturing sector. During the recent recession, manufacturing employment fell nearly 29 percent through October 2009, over five-fold faster than the pace of job loss across all sectors.31 Once such jobs are
…
-poohed hopes of matching the German success in rebuilding an industrial base: “It’s unrealistic to imagine a return to the relatively high levels of manufacturing employment and wages that the United States enjoyed in the 1950s.”29 US families cannot rekindle the American Dream by taking in each other’s wash
…
2006. 8 “The Story so Far,” Economist, Jan. 19, 2013, 5. 9 Justin R. Pierce and Peter K. Schott, “The surprisingly swift decline of US manufacturing employment,” NBER working paper w18655, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2194778##. See also Binyamin Appelbaum, “The benefits of uncertainty,” Economix, New York
by Marc Levinson · 31 Jul 2016 · 409pp · 118,448 words
economy as the role of state-owned enterprises faded away. The industrial sector, deprived of taxpayer subsidies, shrank quickly as marquee names closed unprofitable operations. Manufacturing employment, 30 percent of the workforce in 1979, fell to 22 percent under Thatcher as the United Kingdom shifted decisively to a service economy. Well beyond
by Enrico Moretti · 21 May 2012 · 403pp · 87,035 words
family, parents expected their children to be twice as well off as they were, just because they lived in America. In the fall of 1978, manufacturing employment reached its peak, with almost 20 million Americans working in factories. That year Jimmy Carter was president, Grease was the top-grossing movie, and the
…
all stripes. The economy did well that fall, logging a solid expansion in both gross domestic product (GDP) and jobs. Then suddenly the engine stopped. Manufacturing employment, the workhorse that had single-handedly pulled America from the uncertainties of the Great Depression to the stability of the postwar years, slowed down, then
…
—and interesting—are the longer-term trends that ultimately determine our standard of living. Lately we have seen some signs that the long decline in manufacturing employment might be slowing down. Wages in China have been creeping up, a predictable effect of increased prosperity. China’s move to revalue its currency, the
…
attention precisely because they are exceptions that buck the trend.1 The perception of a forthcoming manufacturing comeback was further bolstered by unexpected gains in manufacturing employment in 2011, the first time in many years that production jobs grew in a significant way. But the reality is that the gains in 2011
by Philip Coggan · 6 Feb 2020 · 524pp · 155,947 words
the US, such jobs were found in the fast-food sector or in call centres. The problem was tied up with the general decline in manufacturing employment (see Chapter 7), which meant that most new jobs were created in the service sector. One significant component of economic growth in this period was
by Sugrue, Thomas J.
Enrollment in Apprenticeship Programs in Detroit, 1957–1966 5.1 Automation-Related Job Loss at Detroit-Area Ford Plants, 1951–1953 5.2 Decline in Manufacturing Employment in Detroit, 1947–1977 5.3 Percentage of Men between Ages 15 and 29 Not in Labor Force, Detroit, 1960 5.4 Building Permits Issued
…
other cities.23 To view Detroit (or any place) as typical would be erroneous. Much about the city’s economy, most notably its dependence on manufacturing employment, distinguished it from other cities with more diverse economic bases. Detroit was not a global city like New York or Los Angeles, where in the
…
.5 In the early 1940s, Detroit was at its industrial zenith, leading the nation in economic escape from the Great Depression. Between 1940 and 1947, manufacturing employment in Detroit increased by 40 percent, a rate surpassed only by Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Chicago. Demand for heavy industrial goods skyrocketed during World
…
. To take one example, few blacks could be found working in the machine and fabricated metals industries, Detroit’s second and third largest sources of manufacturing employment. Only 1.7 percent of metropolitan Detroit’s more than 44,000 workers in the machinery industry in 1950 were black; only 2.4 percent
…
economic lull. More important than the periodic downswings that plagued the city’s economy was the beginning of a long-term and steady decline in manufacturing employment that affected Detroit and almost all other major northeastern and midwestern industrial cities. Between 1947 and 1963, Detroit lost 134,000 manufacturing jobs, while its
…
the midst of celebratory descriptions of national prosperity, as pundits spoke of embourgeoisement, the gap between rhetoric and reality grew. TABLE 5.2 Decline in Manufacturing Employment in Detroit, 1947–1977 If many workers were affected in some way by changes in the city’s economy, blacks bore the brunt of restructuring
…
–68. 56. Guy Nunn, “Detroit: Ghost Arsenal?” New Republic, February 4, 1952, 16–17. 57. Haber, McKean, and Taylor, Michigan Economy, 90–91; statewide defense manufacturing employment peaked at 220,758 in March 1953, and fell to 28,857 in January 1959. See Memo from Carrol Colburn to Woody Ginsburg, “Material for
by Ellen Ruppel Shell · 22 Oct 2018 · 402pp · 126,835 words
competing not with Germany for the high-wage, high-value jobs, but with China for the relatively low-wage, low-value jobs. In March 2010, manufacturing employment in the United States bottomed out at roughly 11.45 million jobs—down from a high of 19.6 million in 1979. Five years later
by Martin Sandbu · 15 Jun 2020 · 322pp · 84,580 words
technological forces at work everywhere, and of domestic policy mistakes that varied in nature and degree from one country to another. FIGURE 2.2. US manufacturing employment (seasonally adjusted monthly figures). Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, via https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=pP4Y. The kernel of truth at the heart
…
, at least in Europe. In the last chapter, I identified the beginning of the end of the economy of belonging with the secular turn in manufacturing employment in the West in the 1970s. And sure enough, the 1980s was when some of today’s strongest illiberal populist movements first came into their
…
. The United States has seen two big jumps in the volatility of earnings, first from the 1970s to the 1980s—corresponding to the onset of manufacturing employment’s decline—and then during the 2008–9 Great Recession. In the United Kingdom today, large monthly pay fluctuations are shockingly common: three-quarters of
…
address. * * * Scapegoat number one: trade. Start with trade, by far the most discussed aspect of globalisation. The story that emerging countries “stole” the West’s manufacturing employment depicts a zero-sum world where well-paying factory jobs lost in one country are captured by another. The rise of this narrative of conflict
…
of factory jobs worldwide actually rose from about 175 million to 220 million—reflecting that the global population was growing fast). The secular fall in manufacturing employment we have seen in the West is also a global phenomenon.5 FIGURE 5.1. Factory employment as a share of total employment, by global
…
that, even taking factory fetishism more seriously than it deserves, trade accounts for at best a very small part of the decline in rich-country manufacturing employment.11 So what? the globalisation sceptic may say. Every factory job counts, and even if we could not prevent nine out of ten from being
…
US factory jobs since the 1980s. It did indeed suffer outsize job losses in the early years of the 2000s. But it rebuilt and grew manufacturing employment before and after the worst periods of decline much better than the national average. Between 1990 and 2015, the United States as a whole lost
by Vaclav Smil · 2 Mar 2021 · 1,324pp · 159,290 words
by Aaron Benanav · 3 Nov 2020 · 175pp · 45,815 words
by Parag Khanna · 18 Apr 2016 · 497pp · 144,283 words
by Francis Fukuyama · 1 Jan 1995 · 585pp · 165,304 words
by Dean Baker · 1 Jan 2011 · 172pp · 54,066 words
by Alan Greenspan · 14 Jun 2007
by Phillip Brown, Hugh Lauder and David Ashton · 3 Nov 2010 · 209pp · 80,086 words
by Ha-Joon Chang · 26 May 2014 · 385pp · 111,807 words
by Douglas W. Rae · 15 Jan 2003 · 537pp · 200,923 words
by Edward Conard · 1 Sep 2016 · 436pp · 98,538 words
by Dietrich Vollrath · 6 Jan 2020 · 295pp · 90,821 words
by Binyamin Appelbaum · 4 Sep 2019 · 614pp · 174,226 words
by Bernadette Hanlon · 18 Dec 2009
by Charles Goodhart and Manoj Pradhan · 8 Aug 2020 · 438pp · 84,256 words
by Ray Kurzweil · 25 Jun 2024
by Rana Foroohar · 16 May 2016 · 515pp · 132,295 words
by Doug Henwood · 9 May 2005 · 306pp · 78,893 words
by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee · 20 Jan 2014 · 339pp · 88,732 words
by Lane Kenworthy · 3 Jan 2014 · 283pp · 73,093 words
by Andrew Selee · 4 Jun 2018 · 359pp · 97,415 words
by Robert Chesshyre · 15 Jan 2012 · 434pp · 150,773 words
by Jeremy Rifkin · 31 Mar 2014 · 565pp · 151,129 words
by Stewart Lansley · 19 Jan 2012 · 223pp · 10,010 words
by Thomas H. Davenport and Jeanne G. Harris · 6 Mar 2007 · 233pp · 67,596 words
by Manuel Castells · 31 Aug 1996 · 843pp · 223,858 words
by Alain Bertaud · 9 Nov 2018 · 769pp · 169,096 words
by Derek S. Hoff · 30 May 2012
by Daniel Markovits · 14 Sep 2019 · 976pp · 235,576 words
by Elizabeth Currid-Halkett · 15 Jan 2020 · 320pp · 90,115 words
by Branko Milanovic · 9 Oct 2023
by Azeem Azhar · 6 Sep 2021 · 447pp · 111,991 words
by Selina Todd · 11 Feb 2021 · 598pp · 150,801 words
by Klaus Schwab · 7 Jan 2021 · 460pp · 107,454 words
by Edward Glaeser and David Cutler · 14 Sep 2021 · 735pp · 165,375 words
by Guy Standing · 13 Jul 2016 · 443pp · 98,113 words
by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge · 4 Mar 2003 · 196pp · 57,974 words
by Fredrik Erixon and Bjorn Weigel · 3 Oct 2016 · 504pp · 126,835 words
by Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine · 6 Jul 2008 · 607pp · 133,452 words
by Diarmaid Ferriter · 15 Jul 2009
by Nick Srnicek · 22 Dec 2016 · 116pp · 31,356 words
by Harold James · 15 Jan 2023 · 469pp · 137,880 words
by Russell Jones · 15 Jan 2023 · 463pp · 140,499 words
by Jeremy Rifkin · 27 Sep 2011 · 443pp · 112,800 words
by Carl Benedikt Frey · 17 Jun 2019 · 626pp · 167,836 words
by Byron Reese · 23 Apr 2018 · 294pp · 96,661 words
by Greg Clark · 31 Dec 2014
by Robert Higgs and Arthur A. Ekirch, Jr. · 15 Jan 1987
by Adrian Johns · 5 Jan 2010 · 636pp · 202,284 words
by Joshua B. Freeman · 27 Feb 2018 · 538pp · 145,243 words
by Panikos Panayi · 4 Feb 2020
by Hans Gremeil and William Sposato · 15 Dec 2021 · 404pp · 126,447 words
by Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson · 15 May 2023 · 619pp · 177,548 words
by Francis Fukuyama · 29 Sep 2014 · 828pp · 232,188 words
by Johan Norberg · 14 Sep 2020 · 505pp · 138,917 words
by Hedrick Smith · 10 Sep 2012 · 598pp · 172,137 words
by Thomas Philippon · 29 Oct 2019 · 401pp · 109,892 words
by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo · 12 Nov 2019 · 470pp · 148,730 words
by Martin Ford · 4 May 2015 · 484pp · 104,873 words
by Marc Levinson · 1 Jan 2006 · 477pp · 135,607 words
by Joe Studwell · 1 Jul 2013 · 868pp · 147,152 words
by Peter Temin · 17 Mar 2017 · 273pp · 87,159 words
by William Julius Wilson · 1 Jan 1996 · 399pp · 116,828 words
by Adrian Wooldridge and Alan Greenspan · 15 Oct 2018 · 585pp · 151,239 words
by Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin · 8 Oct 2012 · 823pp · 206,070 words
by Irene Yuan Sun · 16 Oct 2017 · 239pp · 62,311 words
by Gregg Easterbrook · 20 Feb 2018 · 424pp · 119,679 words
by David Edgerton · 27 Jun 2018
by Joseph E. Stiglitz · 15 Mar 2015 · 409pp · 125,611 words
by Linda Yueh · 4 Jun 2018 · 453pp · 117,893 words
by Linda Yueh · 15 Mar 2018 · 374pp · 113,126 words
by Malcolm Harris · 14 Feb 2023 · 864pp · 272,918 words
by Fareed Zakaria · 5 Oct 2020 · 289pp · 86,165 words
by David G. Blanchflower · 12 Apr 2021 · 566pp · 160,453 words
by Tom McGrath · 3 Jun 2024 · 326pp · 103,034 words
by Karl Polanyi · 27 Mar 2001 · 495pp · 138,188 words
by Diane Coyle · 15 Apr 2025 · 321pp · 112,477 words
by Erik Baker · 13 Jan 2025 · 362pp · 132,186 words
by John Cassidy · 12 May 2025 · 774pp · 238,244 words
by J. Bradford Delong · 6 Apr 2020 · 593pp · 183,240 words
by Jon C. Teaford · 1 Jan 2006 · 395pp · 115,753 words
by Richard Florida · 22 Apr 2010 · 265pp · 74,941 words
by Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams · 1 Oct 2015 · 357pp · 95,986 words
by Brett Christophers · 17 Nov 2020 · 614pp · 168,545 words
by Gabriel Winant · 23 Mar 2021 · 563pp · 136,190 words
by Jacob Helberg · 11 Oct 2021 · 521pp · 118,183 words
by Thomas L. Friedman and Michael Mandelbaum · 1 Sep 2011 · 441pp · 136,954 words
by Kimberly Clausing · 4 Mar 2019 · 555pp · 80,635 words
by Misha Glenny · 7 Apr 2008 · 487pp · 147,891 words
by T M Devine · 25 Aug 2011
by Judith Stein · 30 Apr 2010 · 497pp · 143,175 words
by Timothy Noah · 23 Apr 2012 · 309pp · 91,581 words
by Dan Dimicco · 3 Mar 2015 · 219pp · 61,720 words
by John Plender · 27 Jul 2015 · 355pp · 92,571 words
by Sharon Beder · 30 Sep 2006 · 273pp · 34,920 words
by Ryan Avent · 20 Sep 2016 · 323pp · 90,868 words
by Vijay Joshi · 21 Feb 2017
by Selina Todd · 9 Apr 2014 · 525pp · 153,356 words
by Joseph E. Stiglitz · 16 Sep 2006
by Raghuram Rajan · 26 Feb 2019 · 596pp · 163,682 words
by Richard Baldwin · 10 Jan 2019 · 301pp · 89,076 words
by Andrew Yang · 2 Apr 2018 · 300pp · 76,638 words
by Ha-Joon Chang · 1 Jan 2010 · 365pp · 88,125 words
by Michael Lind · 20 Feb 2020
by Dani Rodrik · 8 Oct 2017 · 322pp · 87,181 words
by Leslie Berlin · 7 Nov 2017 · 615pp · 168,775 words
by Richard Davies · 4 Sep 2019 · 412pp · 128,042 words
by Matthew C. Klein · 18 May 2020 · 339pp · 95,270 words
by Daniel Susskind · 14 Jan 2020 · 419pp · 109,241 words
by Gary Gerstle · 14 Oct 2022 · 655pp · 156,367 words
by Klaus Schwab and Peter Vanham · 27 Jan 2021 · 460pp · 107,454 words
by Charles R. Morris · 1 Jan 2012 · 456pp · 123,534 words
by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson · 23 Sep 2019 · 809pp · 237,921 words
by Elizabeth L. Cline · 13 Jun 2012 · 256pp · 76,433 words
by David Edgerton · 7 Dec 2006 · 353pp · 91,211 words
by Frederick Taylor · 26 Jun 2019 · 535pp · 144,827 words
by David Frum · 25 May 2020 · 319pp · 75,257 words
by Andreas Herrmann, Walter Brenner and Rupert Stadler · 25 Mar 2018
by John Darwin · 23 Sep 2009
by Stephanie Kelton · 8 Jun 2020 · 338pp · 104,684 words
by Edward Chancellor · 15 Aug 2022 · 829pp · 187,394 words
by Johan Norberg · 14 Jun 2023 · 295pp · 87,204 words
by Ian Goldin and Tom Lee-Devlin · 21 Jun 2023 · 248pp · 73,689 words
by Philip Coggan · 1 Jul 2025 · 96pp · 36,083 words
by Diane Coyle · 14 Jan 2020 · 384pp · 108,414 words
by David Gelles · 30 May 2022 · 318pp · 91,957 words
by David Harvey · 2 Jan 1995 · 318pp · 85,824 words
by Elizabeth S. Anderson · 22 May 2017 · 205pp · 58,054 words
by Philip Coggan · 1 Dec 2011 · 376pp · 109,092 words
by Ryan Avent · 30 Aug 2011 · 112pp · 30,160 words
by Chrystia Freeland · 11 Oct 2012 · 481pp · 120,693 words
by Tyler Cowen · 11 Sep 2013 · 291pp · 81,703 words
by Bruce Nussbaum · 5 Mar 2013 · 385pp · 101,761 words
by John McMillan · 1 Jan 2002 · 350pp · 103,988 words
by Michael Levi · 28 Apr 2013
by Ray Dalio · 9 Sep 2018 · 782pp · 187,875 words
by Nicholas Shaxson · 10 Oct 2018 · 482pp · 149,351 words
by Yascha Mounk · 15 Feb 2018 · 497pp · 123,778 words
by Tom Standage · 27 Nov 2018 · 215pp · 59,188 words
by Tien Tzuo and Gabe Weisert · 4 Jun 2018 · 244pp · 66,977 words
by Joseph E. Stiglitz and Alex Hyde-White · 24 Oct 2016 · 515pp · 142,354 words
by Edward E. Baptist · 24 Oct 2016
by Polly Toynbee and David Walker · 3 Mar 2020 · 279pp · 90,888 words
by Chester W. Hartman and Sarah Carnochan · 15 Feb 2002 · 518pp · 170,126 words
by Levi Tillemann · 20 Jan 2015 · 431pp · 107,868 words
by Owen Jones · 3 Sep 2014 · 388pp · 125,472 words
by Hanna Rosin · 31 Aug 2012 · 320pp · 96,006 words
by Philip Mirowski · 24 Jun 2013 · 662pp · 180,546 words
by Oded Galor · 22 Mar 2022 · 426pp · 83,128 words
by Jamie K. McCallum · 15 Nov 2022 · 349pp · 99,230 words
by Peter F. Hamilton · 2 Mar 2004 · 1,234pp · 356,472 words
by William R. Easterly · 1 Aug 2002 · 355pp · 63 words
by Chris Anderson · 1 Oct 2012 · 238pp · 73,824 words
by Alan Ehrenhalt · 23 Apr 2012 · 281pp · 86,657 words
by Mike Davis · 27 Aug 2001
by John Boughton · 14 May 2018 · 325pp · 89,374 words
by Andrew Lambert · 1 Oct 2018 · 618pp · 160,006 words
by Nicholas A. Christakis · 27 Oct 2020 · 475pp · 127,389 words
by Deyan Sudjic · 1 Sep 2010
by Patrick McGee · 13 May 2025 · 377pp · 138,306 words
by Dalton Conley · 27 Dec 2008 · 204pp · 67,922 words
by Mervyn King · 3 Mar 2016 · 464pp · 139,088 words
by Michael Shellenberger · 28 Jun 2020
by Noam Chomsky · 6 Sep 2011
by Christopher Leonard · 11 Jan 2022 · 416pp · 124,469 words
by Ray C. Anderson · 28 Mar 2011 · 412pp · 113,782 words
by Steve Richards · 14 Jun 2017 · 323pp · 95,492 words
by Robert D. Putnam · 10 Mar 2015 · 459pp · 123,220 words
by Jamie Bartlett · 4 Apr 2018 · 170pp · 49,193 words
by Francine Jay · 253pp · 79,595 words
by Michael Blastland · 3 Apr 2019 · 290pp · 82,871 words
by Harm J. De Blij · 15 Nov 2007 · 481pp · 121,300 words
by John Nichol · 16 May 2018 · 522pp · 144,605 words
by William Poundstone · 5 Feb 2008