by Mike Davis · 27 Aug 2001
the cities strategists had hoped, combined with Washington's unwillingness to bear a fair share of the social costs of not local government pockets the mass immigration (national fiscal comers) have exploded what remains of The old civil rights federal disinvest- coalition surplus generated by new- New Deal-era allegiances. between Blacks
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American Labor Party, which, until its demise had an in 1954, excellent record of sponsoring Puerto Rican leadership. 195. See the conclusions in William Clark, "Mass Migration and Local Outcomes: International Migration to the United States Creating a New Is Urban Underclass," Urban Studies 35:3 (1998), p. 380. 196. Ramona Hernandez
by Philippe Legrain · 14 Oct 2020 · 521pp · 110,286 words
percent of the UK population were immigrants! This ignorance is reinforced by the misinformation of politicians and pundits who routinely assert that countries are experiencing ‘mass immigration’. Yet in some countries, the rate of new arrivals is low. In 2018 the foreign-born population of France rose by a mere 39,000
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tend to think tightly limits immigration.21 Is the arrival in Britain of less than one additional migrant a year per two hundred existing residents ‘mass immigration’? It is equivalent to fewer than three hundred extra newcomers in a Premiership football crowd of sixty thousand people. Britons are hardly being ‘swamped’. As
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Scandinavians and others from north-western Europe. Later, Italians, Poles and other southern and eastern Europeans crossed the Atlantic too. At the peak of this mass migration in the first decade of the twentieth century, nearly 9 million Europeans moved to the US, nearly 2.5 million to Argentina and Brazil, more
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was comparable to that of locals. While local wages were initially depressed, by 1997 they had recovered to where they would have been without the mass immigration.35 Many European countries have inflexible labour markets, however. High wage floors may price unskilled workers out of work. The near-impossibility of firing workers
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, rooted communitarians who get their identity from a sense of place and the people around them, and who feel a sense of loss due to mass immigration and rapid social change17 – or as Nigel Farage puts it, ‘the metropolitan liberal elites’ and ‘real people’. ‘Somewheres’ prize national identity more and feel that
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, 15:2, 2004, pp. 155–89. 19 Oriana Bandiera, Imran Rasul and Martina Viarengo, ‘The Making of Modern America: Migratory Flows in the Age of Mass Migration’, Journal of Development Economics, 102, 2013, pp. 23–47. 20 Quoted in John Torpey, The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship and the State, Cambridge
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_Immigration_in_Israel 35 The finding that post-Soviet migrants did not harm Israelis’ labour-market outcomes is confirmed by Rachel Friedberg, ‘The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, CXVI:4, 2001, pp. 1373–408. https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Faculty/Rachel_Friedberg/Links
by Douglas Murray · 3 May 2017 · 420pp · 126,194 words
of an existential tiredness and a feeling that perhaps for Europe the story has run out and a new story must be allowed to begin. Mass immigration – the replacement of large parts of the European populations by other people – is one way in which this new story has been imagined: a
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and a glimpse into its inevitable future. To study the results of that census was to stare at one particularly unalterable conclusion, which was that mass immigration was in the process of altering – indeed had already altered – the country completely. By 2011 Britain had already become a radically different place from
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to fill particular gaps in the labour market, especially in the transport sector and the newly created National Health Service. And so the period of mass immigration began, though slowly at first. The 1948 British Nationality Act allowed immigration from the former Empire – now the Commonwealth – and by the early 1950s
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it mean – however many upsides there are – that there are not downsides which should be equally easy to state without accusations of malice. For mass immigration does not continue bringing the same level of benefits to a society the more people who come in. If it is possible to praise
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mass immigration for making us richer as a whole, it should also be possible to explain that the process has made us poorer in some ways,
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in Britain after 1681, which was undoubtedly a huge movement for the time. But this scale was in a wholly different league to the mass immigration Britain has seen in recent years. From the period of the Blair government onwards Britain has seen an equal number of immigrants to that one
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the past is just one attempt at a staging-post argument. After this come a whole range of implicit and explicit claims which respond to mass immigration by pretending either that the country of arrival does not have a culture, or that its culture and identity are so especially weak, worn
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become ‘unrecognisable to its present inhabitants’.11 Perhaps instead of simply celebrating such levels of immigration it would make matters easier if the proponents of mass immigration revealed what levels of ‘diversity’ they would like to get to and what they see as their optimal target figure? Is a ceiling of
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were nearest to being right. 3 The excuses we told ourselves Throughout the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, European governments pursued policies of mass immigration without public approval. Yet such vast societal change cannot be forced upon a society against its will without a series of arguments being brought along
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; that in any case immigration makes our societies more cultured and interesting; and that even if none of these were the case, globalisation makes mass immigration unstoppable. Such justifications have a tendency to become intertwined and mutually replaceable, so that if one fails the others are always there to fall back
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on. They often start with economic arguments, but they can just as well start with moral arguments. If mass immigration doesn’t make you a richer person, then it will make you a better person. And if it doesn’t make your country a better
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Unit (even their names seeming designed to bore any opponents to inattention). Both entities were staffed with people already known to be in favour of mass immigration and therefore clearly intended to provide ‘intellectual ballast’ to support the existing views of ministers.1 Among the claims of this seminal report was
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rule. All efforts to make an economic case for mass immigration rely on this trick. Among those to have used it are EU Commissioner Cecilia Malmström and UN Representative Peter Sutherland. In a 2012 piece they suggested that unless Europe opens its borders to mass migration, ‘Entrepreneurs, migrants with Ph.Ds’ and others will
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received in benefits while native British people paid 11 per cent less in taxes than they received in benefits. Anybody doubting the financial benefits of mass immigration was suddenly opposed to wealthy residents of Lichtenstein transferring to the United Kingdom for work. Yet anyone who wanted to delve into this working
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reverse-engineering. For its 2000 report into migration the British government went to two of the academics most noted for their views in favour of mass immigration – Sarah Spencer and Jonathan Portes – to find justifications for the policies that politicians like Barbara Roche wanted to pursue. For such work the usual
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‘some concern among other parents’. Not only ‘anecdotal’, but an anecdote heard only from ‘some’. It also explained that it was only ‘in theory’ that mass immigration ‘may increase pressure on housing markets, transport and other infrastructure and exacerbate over-crowding and congestion’. The reality, it aimed to suggest, was wholly different
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of being in favour of mass migration as a good in itself. But while their work presented itself as an economic analysis of the benefits of migration, it was in fact not just a blueprint for societal change but a cheerleader for it. In arguing the case for mass immigration the authors insisted that
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veneer of respectability but the stamp of government. After publication of their report, ministers like Roche had something to point to when they insisted that mass migration brought unadulterated economic benefits. And if anybody wonders how the Labour government let immigration run away so wildly under its watch, it is in
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, once again, one of the arguments of EU Commissioner Cecilia Malmström and UN Representative Peter Sutherland – both prominent international authorities on, and advocates of, mass migration. In 2012 they argued that ‘The aging of Europe’s population is historically unprecedented. The number of workers will decline precipitously, and could shrink by
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for high-end employment. So why import people to do low-skilled work when so many low-skilled workers already exist in Europe? Sometimes mass immigration is advocated because of the advantage it gives in supporting pensioners, sometimes because of the advantage it allegedly gives in stopping young people from doing
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kick with each passing year. DIVERSITY One of the most striking things about the arguments for ongoing mass migration into European countries is that they are so readily able to shift. Whenever the economic cases for mass immigration are briefly dislodged, along come moral or cultural arguments. Without making any concession they state a
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position along these lines: ‘Let us pretend that mass migration does not make us financially richer. It does not matter, because mass migration makes us rich in other ways. In
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different attitudes, different languages – and of course the endlessly cited example of new and exciting cuisine. As with most of the arguments in favour of mass migration there is some truth in this. Despite Europe’s already existing proliferation of languages, cultures and cuisine, who would not want to increase their knowledge
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horrific examples of untoward attitudes take to come to light, if they ever do? One thing this demonstrates is that whereas the benefits of mass immigration undoubtedly exist and everybody is made very aware of them, the disadvantages of importing huge numbers of people from another culture take a great deal
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we also benefit from a much wider range of cuisines. THE IDEA THAT IMMIGRATION IS UNSTOPPABLE BECAUSE OF GLOBALISATION The final justification or excuse for mass immigration goes beyond reason and beyond excuses. Even if every other argument for the policy were debunked, this one would remain. It is the argument
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it ahead of Germany and Great Britain. But of course, despite being a larger economy than any in Europe, Japan has avoided a policy of mass immigration by implementing policies that stop it, dissuade people from staying there, and make it hard to become a citizen if you are not Japanese.
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policy or not, the country shows that even in this hyper-connected age it is possible for a modern economy to avoid the experience of mass immigration and show that such a process is not ‘inevitable’. In the same way, although China is the world’s second largest economy, it is
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as a whole had been a bad idea and that immigrants should not have come. It may even have sounded like a call to stop mass immigration and even reverse such policies. In each country these different understandings of the same phrase were undoubtedly politically beneficial, giving politicians the opportunity to
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of politicians privately agreed that the increasing number of Muslims in the Netherlands presented problems too large for any one political party to address, that mass immigration and integration in Holland were not working, and that simply attacking those who raised concerns would no longer address the problem. Free expression was an
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the face though not the body) was Nice. In its way this was a distillation of the French solution to the questions thrown up by mass immigration. A month before the burkini ban in Nice, a Tunisian called Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel drove a truck into the crowds on the seafront as
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the answers to them are bad. Certainly that would help explain the otherwise extraordinary levels of opprobrium heaped on dissenting voices in the era of mass immigration. In particular it explains the adamant belief that if the people shouting fire are silenced or stopped then the problem they are identifying will
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to them. Or perhaps they had not suffered the enervation and tiredness that had afflicted the Western European countries. Or perhaps, having had no mass immigration during the post-war period (despite having much else), they had retained a sense of national cohesion that the Western Europeans were struggling to imagine
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Dresden. Their agenda was similar to that of the EDL and other popular protest movements across Europe. They expressed themselves opposed to radical Muslims and mass immigration, though stressed their openness to immigration in general (especially in the case of Pegida to legitimate asylum seekers). As with the EDL their numbers included
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to criticise generally darker-skinned people whatever their background. And not only is it easier, but it elevates the critic. Any criticism of Islamism or mass immigration – even criticism of terrorism and rape attacks – can be seized upon by anyone else as a demonstration of racism, xenophobia or bigotry. The accusation,
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racists and fascists in European countries. All of which raises numerous questions for Europe. The short-term answer to those objecting to the consequences of mass immigration has been to ostracise them from any place in the discussion, by calling them racists, Nazis and fascists. If it was recognised that at
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One route to an answer would be to consider what if anything might be said or done by ‘ordinary’ people who object to the mass immigration into their societies and some of the negative consequences that this brings with it. What would a decent movement that expressed such concerns look like
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, a poll found that less than a third of native Germans (32 per cent) still believed in the concept of the Willkommenskultur and continuing mass immigration into their country. A third of Germans as a whole said that the country’s very future was threatened by the migration and a third
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result of the influx. Perhaps most interesting was the finding that among foreign-born Germans just 41 per cent wanted to see a continuation of mass immigration, with 28 per cent wishing it to end completely. In other words Merkel had even lost the approval of migrants for her migration policy.
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earthquakes, but they were in fact the smallest tremors and did not necessarily signify any major change. The European publics had been opposed to mass immigration from the moment it had started to happen. But none of their political leaders from any political persuasion had ever cared to reflect on the
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were changing the continent as a whole. The German authorities recorded an additional 680,000 arrivals into their country in 2016 alone. Such continuing mass immigration, high birth rates among immigrants and low birth rates among native Europeans all ensured that the changes underway would only accelerate in the years ahead
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become non-religious whereas Muslims will not, which may be the case or may not. But such statistics also fail to take into account ongoing mass immigration, let alone an upsurge of the kind in recent years. In any case, these are movements – like those across Europe and the United States
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the late summer of 2015.’ But of course the situation had not caught them unprepared. Germany – like every other European country – had been experiencing mass immigration for years. It had been experiencing for decades a breakdown of its border controls, a laxness in repatriations of failed asylum seekers and a failure
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societies that are the product of lengthy political and cultural evolutions could be sustained with immigration at such rates. That the front lines of the mass migration era continually involved threats to sexual, religious and racial minorities should have alerted far more liberals than it did to the possibility that in
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class, but it would have overwhelming support from the European publics. In recent years those publics have been exceptionally accepting of immigrants while opposed to mass immigration. Long before their political leaders told them that it was acceptable to have concerns about immigration, they knew this. Before the sociologists proved it,
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as it was up until now. There has been little meaningful acknowledgement among the political class that what it has done during the decades of mass immigration is in any way regrettable. There is no evidence that they would wish to reverse that policy. And there is a great deal of
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continue to blur ever further. So with each passing day it will become harder to find a large enough portion of the population opposed to mass immigration in order to push for a policy that would reverse or at least prevent the continuation of it. And so in time, during the
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to be deterred by the unique price they must pay to make their case. In Holland, Denmark and other countries across Europe, politicians who oppose mass immigration – and the influx of certain communities in particular – exist in a state of permanent police protection, change their sleeping arrangements most nights and sometimes
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Theresa here, here, here Mazeh, Mustafa Mahmoud here media British here, here, here, here, here, here European here, here, here German here, here, here, here mass migration (2015) here Swedish here, here, here see also individual publications by name Melilla, Spain here Merkel, Angela here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
by Tim Marshall · 8 Mar 2018 · 256pp · 75,139 words
‘Tear down this wall’ is losing the argument against ‘fortress mentality’. It is struggling to be heard, unable to compete with the frightening heights of mass migration, the backlash against globalization, the resurgence of nationalism, the collapse of Communism and the 9/11 attacks and their aftermath. These are the fault lines
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be more rural, with higher illiteracy rates; the east, especially towards the seaboard, is increasingly urban and oriented towards technology, industry and business. However, the mass migration to the cities reveals and exacerbates another gap within the urban population, again between rich and poor. It has been created by the hukou system
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violent conflict with West Pakistan. A glance at the map quickly shows why the two were never destined to remain a single country. There are mass migrations across the Indian subcontinent, with people fleeing poverty, the effects of climate change and religious persecution. They are situated 1,300 miles apart in different
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per cent of Indians, getting on for 200 million in number. But in Bangladesh about 90 per cent of people are Muslim. A crisis of mass migration would throw up a number of questions. Given the existing tensions with illegal immigrants, how many Bangladeshis would India take? How many would the majority
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is not just about immigration; it is also about economies, trade, sovereignty and liberalism in general. But, as we cope with the new realities of mass immigration and the moral necessity to take in refugees, we must not lose sight of core values. If we do, we may condemn all future Europeans
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of those coming to Europe are trying to get away from despotic regimes that have failed them. We need to deal with radical Islamism, manage mass migration and care for refugees, but in a manner that does not undermine our liberal values and rule-of-law-based systems. Those laws, values and
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the length and breadth of the land. Successive governments backed the idea that for the current and future health of the economy the UK needed mass immigration. There is indeed a strong case to be made for this. A glance at any of the big UK cities is enough to show that
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to become accustomed to being, in some regions, a multicultural society. The British are now engaged in a similar adjustment in an age of accelerated mass migration, but one that includes a significant additional factor – religion, which, as we’ve seen in Northern Ireland, can be one of the most difficult rifts
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of Hungary, in both the physical and the political sense, has reduced the inward flow of people, but is unlikely to stop it altogether. And mass migration isn’t going to end in the foreseeable future. People on the move are fleeing from poverty and/or violence, heading towards wealthier, more stable
by Stephen Oppenheimer · 1 Jul 2007 · 852pp · 157,181 words
red-faced about the whole issue of Celts. They warn against the dangers of racial migrationism and point to the lack of archaeological evidence for mass migrations into the British Isles during the Iron Age. They further question the relevance and meaning of Celtic ethnicity. Their reasoning is that whatever the term
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the genetic lines coming into the British Isles,108 we find that what is left over after the Neolithic is insufficient to call a real mass immigration, male or female, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon or Viking. The founder work by Martin Richards and colleagues is sufficiently precise to confirm that post-Neolithic Near
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was conventional to explain large-scale culture change in terms of invasions. Thus some archaeologists argued that the Corded Ware/Battle Axe ‘culture’ reflected a mass migration of warriors moving into northern Europe from the Russian steppes. Explanations of this kind are no longer in favour, and it is now generally accepted
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population expansions were, in general, more likely to have resulted from climate change than any killer cultural advantages possessed by invaders, for instance farming, with mass-migration and population replacement. Europe is no exception to this generalization,3 as I hope I have shown so far in this book. The expansion of
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the time of the Domesday Book (1086).21 In his analysis, Weale wanted to explore three different population processes: simple splitting with subsequent divergence, single mass migration (analogous to the first model described above) and continuous background migration (analogous, but not identical, to the third model, since no other previous sources of
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they ‘developed an alternative inference method that allowed [them] to explore more flexible models under a range of historical scenarios involving both background [migration] and mass migration in the presence of population splitting and growth’. Figure 11.2a Weale’s British transect line and Continental ‘homelands’. The aims of Weale’s study
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and cons. The main advantages are that full use can be made of the very detailed information provided by the STR gene types, and recent mass migration would be expected to produce such exact matches. The main disadvantage of this quantitative matching approach is that it cannot make full use of available
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’, Heredity, 6: 13–36. Weale, M.E., Weiss, D.A., Jager, R.F., Bradman, N. and Thomas, M. (2002), ‘Y chromosome evidence for Anglo-Saxon mass migration’, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19: 1008–21. Weber, Martin (1998), ‘Das Gräberfeld von Issendorf, Niedersachsen: Ausgangangspunkt für Wanderungen nach Brittanien’, Sonderdruck aus Studien zur Sachsenforschung
by Andrew Adonis · 20 Jun 2018 · 235pp · 73,873 words
membership of Europe in the 1970s. Why? Partly because the ‘Europe of the Nine’ – unlike today’s ‘Europe of the Twenty-Eight’ – did not herald mass immigration. But, just as important, because there was, by the mid-1970s, little net immigration from the black Commonwealth, which might have confused the issue, as
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control’ of our destiny, take back control in a world where most of the problems faced by individual member states, including let it be said mass immigration, can only be dealt with through international cooperation. How had we lost control of our ability to run our education system (not conspicuously well), or
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to the sense that the British were semi-detached, and insulating themselves from yet another Continental crisis. For those whose crisis was one of uncontrolled mass migration of refugees from outside the EU, the British obsession with controlling free movement within it by EU citizens, felt like a sideshow. They objected even
by Gaia Vince · 22 Aug 2022 · 302pp · 92,206 words
the world uninhabitable is also shifting closer because newer models now realize it will happen at lower global temperatures. Researchers initially put this threshold for mass migrations within a 5°C scenario; it’s now between 3°C and 4°C, although even at a global temperature rise of below 2°C
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south on the continent. HOW THE MIGRATION OF STUFF GAINED PRIMACY Migration diversified our genes and our culture. Take northern Europe: there were three key mass migrations during the Stone and Bronze Ages that dramatically altered the genetic make-up of all Europeans, mainly because they took place at times of low
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collapsing. The walls of Ramses III’s mortuary temple – he was the last great pharaoh of Egypt’s New Kingdom period – speak of waves of mass migration, over land and sea, and warfare with mysterious invaders from afar. The Sumerians built a 100-kilometre wall to keep out climate refugees, which failed
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and Venice. The equivalent of a million-person city will be built every ten days over the next eighty years, as we undergo the biggest mass migration in our history. Most urbanization in the coming decades will consist of poor people in Africa and Asia migrating from rural areas for paid work
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the host nations, so strong dynamic social policy with a welfare contingency would be required to help the transition. One of the biggest fears surrounding mass immigration is the idea that immigrants take jobs from the native-born and drive down wages. This sounds plausible but is actually a fallacy, because the
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we’re a long way from such flexible borders today, so how might we approach a well-managed system of global mobility? Like climate change, mass migration is an issue that must be managed at the global level. The globalization of human activity and the planetary scale of the issues we face
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’s invasion of Ukraine created 10 million refugees in just the first three weeks. It’s to be expected that people will have concerns about mass migration, particularly in places with small, fairly homogeneous populations. These fears are a significant issue, and must be tackled if climate migration at scale is to
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be peaceful and successful for migrants and host communities. Managed well, mass migration will be part of life and cosmopolitan societies will be considered unremarkable by the generation who do not remember more homogeneous times. Younger, urban people
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to help with this transition. Programmes such as widely available free language classes and a system of mentoring and support for new arrivals, would help. Mass migration from badly run or failed states raises the widely publicized fear of an increase in crime and terrorism – that immigrants will import their inter-ethnic
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and dressed like most EU natives. Fear and prejudice against people with darker skin is real, cannot be ignored, and must be addressed systemically if mass migration from tropical to northern countries is to be successful. African and Asian migrants who were living and studying in Ukraine when the Russians invaded found
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policy, including a failure to tax wealth and prevent tax evasion. Smart policy will be needed to target prejudice and promote inclusion during our rapid mass migration. Inclusion is key. So is it better to house migrants with others from their country of origin, risking creating ghettoes and triggering an exodus by
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perhaps as importantly, convince a vehemently anti-migrant public and government that immigrants are a useful and valuable part of society, beyond the humanitarian argument. Mass immigration brings fears for the potential for radical change beyond what native-born people might feel comfortable with. For instance, anti-immigrant activists often point out
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in that. The alternative to cultural expansion and change is not stasis but regression and, in extreme cases, death – as the Palaeo-Eskimos showed us. Mass migration will be an upheaval, but it doesn’t have to be catastrophic – it could actually be good. The experience of migrating and seeing a society
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their counterparts on other continents. This makes them more vulnerable to the effects of climate change and other shocks and stresses – and a priority for mass migration. There are multiple factors behind this, including the legacy of colonial exploitation, HIV, conflict and poor governance, plus an unproductive agricultural sector that makes food
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immigrants, or Germany, which largely ignored the needs of its migrants and blocked them from becoming citizens, the Spanish government actively invested in managing its mass immigration, with Europe’s first policy initiative aimed specifically at making a functional, liveable migrant city. It began with citizenship: all fully employed migrants, included undocumented
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large numbers. Jakarta, the fastest-sinking city, is dropping at an alarming rate of 25 centimetres a year. The Indonesian government has decided on a mass migration as a solution. It will move its capital to a newly constructed city, to be named Nusantara, on higher ground on the forested island of
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beauty of trucked-in housing is that it can be trucked out again and redeployed where it’s needed. In the dynamic housing landscape of mass migration, this could be very useful. Government policy is essential to drive this transition, including through carbon-pricing incentives and the removal of fossil-fuel subsidies
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citizens will depend on the unpopulated rest of the planet for everything else – most urgently, their food. 10 Food One of the biggest challenges to mass migration is feeding people in their new homes. The UN calculates we’ll need to produce as much as 80 per cent more food by 2050
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, so those most in need of power are the least likely to receive it; and many of these energy sources come with problematic environmental consequences. Mass migration, though, could well speed up energy access as people move to cities where they are easier to reach. The other big global energy problem is
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scientists and green activists. The very idea that we need to make a plan for surviving an increasingly uninhabitable Earth through the horrendous upheaval of mass migration because we aren’t maintaining the liveability of our wonderful, self-regulating biosphere, is the worst folly. It’s a truly awful situation. But we
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regularly experience conditions beyond the human habitable range. My feeling is that the world will wait some decades before reducing global temperatures, by which time mass migration will be inevitable. * * * Given what’s at stake, I’ve no doubt we will start deploying tools to reflect the sun’s heat away from
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biodiversity and climate to make it liveable for us and for wildlife would end much of the upheaval. The sooner we do it, the less mass migration there will be, with fewer people having their lives turned over. To be clear, migration won’t end – it’s a part of what it
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restoration, humans will once again expand from their refuges to the far reaches of the planet. Conclusion It is absurd that we are considering the mass migration of billions of people. It’s absurd that we are continuing to heat the planet, knowing the consequences. After a career spent writing, researching and
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is too important. We must make it easier for people to move around our shared planet – the planet that we have all inherited, unwittingly. The mass migrations this century will be dominated by people from the poor, climate-ravaged world moving to the richer world, countries whose wealth has largely been enabled
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the impact of immigrants. Given the mass immigration that is coming as people are displaced everywhere, it is the job of political leaders to reassure them – not stoke these fears – with policies that reduce poverty and create housing, services and jobs for everyone. This coming mass migration has been clearly signposted for at least
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. Sandra Sequeira, Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian, Migrants and the making of America: The short- and long-run effects of immigration during the age of mass migration, National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper 23289 (2017). 9. G. Peri, ‘Immigration, labor markets, and productivity’, Cato Journal 32:1 (2012), pp. 35–53
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climate models: future emissions scenarios; heating predictions; impact of 4° C-hotter world; IPCC ‘Representative Concentration Pathways’ (RCPs); optimum climate for human productivity; threshold for mass migrations coastal areas: coastal cities; migration from; retreating coastlines; seawater desalination plants cochineal scale insect Colombia colonialism, European Colorado Columbia Concretene construction industry copper coral reefs
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climate emergency; medieval barriers to movement; Mediterranean climate moving north; migrant indentured labour in; migration of women working in domestic service; small hydropower installations; three mass migrations in Stone and Bronze Ages European Union: free movement within; fund for aid to Africa; Green New Deal; no ‘asylum crisis’ within; nuclear power in
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of extreme temperatures; Paris pledge of below 2°C; solar radiation reduction tools; subtropical climate spreading into higher latitudes; temperatures above 50°C; threshold for mass migrations; ‘threshold of survivability’; urban adaptation strategies; urban heat island effect; ‘wet bulb’ temperature calculations Held, David Hernando, Antonia HIV Höfn, southeastern Iceland Holocene epoch Honduras
by Ian Goldin, Geoffrey Cameron and Meera Balarajan · 20 Dec 2010 · 482pp · 117,962 words
overseas. Governments and industry competed for labor around the world—first fueling a grotesque trade in slaves, then aggressively recruiting contract labor and even subsidizing mass immigration. In the words of Harzig, Hoerder, and Gabaccia, free and forced migrants were builders of the modern world: “Such migrants, bound or self-willed,
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reinforced—social tendencies to assert homogenous identities linked to race, ethnicity, and nation. The resurgence of chauvinism on the heels of the age of mass migrations could be considered paradoxical: “Even as worldwide movement multiplied opportunities for the cultural and biological mixing of groups hitherto separated and thereby enhanced the unity
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prompted further innovation.1 The rise of cross-border flows resembles the “first wave” of early globalization between 1840 and 1914 that was accompanied by mass migrations. In the contemporary period (the “second wave”), however, the primary destination countries of migrants have imposed new controls and limits on the movement of
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-State. London: Ashgate, p. 19. 62. Ibid.: 20. 63. Ibid.: 20. 64. M. Madhaven. 1987. “Indian Emigration,” in Sidney Klein (ed), The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Dragon House, p. 74. 65. United Nations. 2004a. World Economic and Social Survey 2004: International Migration. New York: United
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3rd ed. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave MacMillan, p. 58. 25. John Walker. 1987. “Migration to Australia and New Zealand,” in Sidney Klein (ed.), The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Dragon House, p. 156 26. Ibid.: 161. 27. Randall Hansen. 2000. Citizenship and Immigration in Post-War Britain: The
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Sarah Collinson. 1993. Europe and International Migration. London: Pinter Publishers, p. 40. 50. Strikwerda, 1999: 388. 51. Jeffrey Williamson. 2004. “The Political Economy of World Mass Migration: Comparing Two Global Centuries,” American Enterprise Institute, 11 May 2004, pp. 20–22. 52. King, 2000. 53. Anthony M. Messina and Gallya Lahav, eds., The
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Agendas,” International Migration Review 23(3): 638–670, p. 641. 48. Massey and Taylor, 2004. 49. Timothy Hatton and Jeffrey Williamson. 1998. The Age of Mass Migration. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 50. Luis Eduardo Guarnizo. 2003. “The Economics of Transnational Living,” International Migration Review 37(3): 666–699, p. 677.
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Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 208-214. ———. 1999. The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Klein, Sidney, ed. 1987. The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Paragon Books. Kloss, Katharina. 2008. “Jacques Barrot on Immigration: ‘Member States Are Compelled to Solidarity,'” Café Babel, 18 October
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Trends in Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Madhaven, M. 1987. “Indian Emigration,” in Sidney Klein (ed.), The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Dragon House. Manning, Patrick. 2005. Migration in World History. London: Routledge. ———. 2006. “Homo sapiens Populates the Earth: A
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Analysis of Migration, University College London. London: CReAM. Plotkin, Norman. 1987. “Latin America after World War II,” in Sidney Klein (ed.), The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Paragon Books. Pollard, Naomi, Maria Latorre, and Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah. 2008. Floodgates or Turnstiles? Post-EU Enlargement Migration Flows to
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2009. “Waves of Immigrants Now Calling Philadelphia Home; New Welcoming Center Idea behind the Lure,” The Plain Dealer (Cleveland), 20 May 2009. Solberg, Carl. 1978. “Mass Migrations in Argentina, 1870-1970,” in William H. McNeill and Ruth Adams (eds.), Human Migration: Patterns and Policies. London: Indiana University Press, pp. 146-166. Solow
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2009. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1348616 Walker, John. 1987. “Migration to Australia and New Zealand,” in Sidney Klein (ed.), The Economics of Mass Migration in the Twentieth Century. New York: Dragon House. Walzer, Michael. 1983. Spheres of Justice. New York: Basic Books. Warner, Koko, Tamer Afifi, Olivia Dun,
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Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Wilkinson, Will. 2009. “The Immigration Fallacy,” The Week Newsletter, 27 April 2009. Williamson, Jeffrey. 2004. “The Political Economy of World Mass Migration: Comparing Two Global Centuries,” American Enterprise Institute, 11 May 2004. Winder, Robert. 2004. Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain. London: Abacus. Winters, L
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managed migration era in migrant decision-making model agriculture, influence on historic migration patterns: with civilization development, from human development of from imperialistic commerce during mass migration era during post-World War II economic boom from slave trade, with trade network expansion airlines, border control role Alesino Algeria Aliens Act (Britain)
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Angola, in social regulatory channel Annan, Kofi Arendt, Hannah Argentina: social impacts of modern migration in social regulatory channel Argentina, historic migration influences: during mass migration era, refugee policies Armenians Asia: impacts of modern migration in migrant decision-making models, in modern regulatory typology. See also specific countries Asia, future migration
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environmental stresses, globalization context Asia, historic migration influences: agricultural emergence civil conflict civilization development decolonization early human patterns, exploration activity imperialistic commerce indentured labor during mass migration era, oil economy, political conflicts trade network development asylum seekers: defined economic impact future migration policy objectives in migrant decision-making model in refugee regulatory
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modern regulatory channels, social welfare of modern migrants Belgium, historic migration influences: during 1970s oil crisis border-free Europe agenda decolonization during interwar period during mass migration era benefit portability, in global migration agenda Benhabib, Seyla Benin Benjamin of Tuleda Bentley, Jerry H. Bering Land Bridge Bhutan, in refugee regulatory channel
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Bracero program brain circulation patterns Brazil: in migrant decision-making models, social impacts of modern migration Brazil, historic migration influences: imperialistic commerce indentured labor during mass migration era, refugee policies slavery Britain: as future migration policy example future migration pressures in migrant decision-making model social impacts of modern migration, social welfare
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GDP growth rate overview, perceptions of wage/employment levels Britain, historic migration influences: agricultural emergence decolonization exploration activity, identification documents, imperialistic commerce indentured labor during mass migration era during post-World War II economic boom, race/ethnicity-based restrictions refugee policies slave trade trade network expansion between world wars Britain, modern regulatory
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, David Canada: as future migration policy example, future migration pressures in migrant decision-making model Canada, historic migration influences: exploration activity indentured labor during mass migration era, race/ethnicity-based policies refugee policies, between world wars Canada, impacts of modern migration: economic issues social issues social welfare of modern migrants Canada
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migration pressures: age demographics climate change education levels, labor demand urbanization forces China, historic migration influences: civilization developments indentured labor international restrictions Japanese colonization during mass migration era ; trade network development war and civil conflict between world wars China, impacts of modern migration: economic issues social issues social welfare of migrants Chinese
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exploration activity trade network development war and conquest Europe, historic migration influences: agricultural emergence, decolonization diseases economic conditions exploration activity, imperialistic commerce indentured labor, during mass migration era, post-WWII economic boom refugee policies, slavery trade network development European Union: as future migration policy example, in migrant decision-making models European Union
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of modern migration, in migrant decision-making models France, historic migration influences: age demographics border-free Europe agenda decolonization process exploration activity identification policies, during mass migration era post-World War II economic boom slave trade between world wars France, modern regulatory channels: border control technologies economic policy approaches social categories Frontex
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example impacts of modern migration in migration decision-making model Germany, historic migration influences: age demographics border-free Europe agenda identification policies, imperialistic commerce during mass migration era post-World War II economic boom, war displacements between world wars Germany, modern regulatory channels: border control technologies economic policy approaches overview refugee channel
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, Hugo historic migration patterns, early humans historic migration patterns, influences: agricultural connections civilization development exploration activity global trade network convergence imperialistic commerce indentured labor during mass migration era, overviews slavery war and conquest between world wars Hoerder, Dirk Holocene period, climate change impact Home Town Associations (HTAs) Hong Kong household model,
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modern migration: brain circulation patterns, remittance flows, wage/employment levels India, historic migration influences: civilization developments, decolonization process imperialistic commerce indentured labor, international restrictions, during mass migration era, oil economy during post-World War II economic boom trade network expansion Indian Ocean: climate change pressures early human migration, exploration activity, slave trade
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Organization International Organization for Migration International Refugee Organization (IRO), interwar period IOM (International Organization for Migration) Iran Iraq Ireland: economic impacts of modern migration, during mass migration era in migrant decisionmaking model social regulatory channel iris recognition technology IRO (International Refugee Organization) Islamic civilization, expansion Israel: historic migration influences impacts of modern
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. See also Jews; Jews, historic migration influences Italy: as future migration policy example social impacts of modern migration Italy, historic migration influences: decolonization during mass migration era post-World War II economic boom, trade network development, between world wars Italy, modern regulatory channels: border control technologies economic policy approaches social categories
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decision-making Malawi Malaysia: in economic regulatory channel, future migration pressures in migrant decision-making model Malaysia, historic migration influences: exploration activity indentured labor, during mass migration era; trade network development Maldives, climate change pressures Malta managed migration era, policies: ethnic/ race-based approaches identification documents nationalism pressures overview Manchuria Manning, Patrick
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Marrus, Michael Marshall, T. H. Martin, Philip Marx, Karl Massey, Douglas mass migration era, movements: across the Atlantic within Asia within Europe overview McKeown, Adam McLaughlan, Gail McNeill, William H. Merriman, John X. Mesoamerica. See Mexico, historic migration
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migration pressures, in migrant decision-making models in social regulatory channel Mexico, historic migration influences: agriculture emergence, bracero program civilization development, exploration/colonization activity, during mass migration era, Mexico, impacts of modern migration: economic issues social welfare of emigrants micro-level analysis, migration decision-making Middle East: future migration pressures, impacts of
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migration policy example social regulatory channel social welfare of modern migrants Netherlands, historic migration influences: border-free Europe agenda decolonization exploration activity imperialistic commerce during mass migration era, post-World War II economic boom refugee policies networks. See social networks New Zealand: economic impacts of modern migration future migration pressures historic migration
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in future migration policy Peru: economic impact of modern migration, historic migration influences in migrant decision-making model Philippines: as future migration policy example during mass migration era; in migrant decision-making models, in modern regulatory typology Philippines, impacts of modern migration: economic issues social welfare of modern emigrants Poland: economic
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: as future migration policy example impacts of modern migration, social regulatory channel Portugal, historic migration influences: border-free Europe agenda exploration activity imperialistic commerce during mass migration era, post-World War II economic boom Post-American World, The (Zakaria) prehistoric humans, migration patterns Pritchett, Lant Prum Treaty Prussia Puerto Rico Putnam,
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United States race-based policies Radanites Rahman, Atiq railroads, indentured labor Ratha, Dilip refugees: future migration policy objectives future migration pressures international regime development during mass migration era in migrant decisionmaking model as regulatory channel, social welfare of, statistics regularization programs, expansion proposal regulatory channels, modern migration: border control technologies detention centers
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control attempts future migration pressures, social regulatory channel, social welfare of modern migrants xenophobia patterns Russia, historic migration influences: identification policies indentured labor movements during mass migration era, war and civil conflict Rwanda, social impact of modern migration Sahul, early human migration Salt, John Sargon of Akkad Sassen, Saskia Saudi Arabia
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technologies impacts of modern migration in migrant decision-making models, modern regulatory channels Spain, historic migration influences: borderfree Europe agenda exploration/ imperialism activity, during mass migration era post-World War II economic boom between world wars Sri Lanka/Ceylon Stark, Oded Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change Strikwerda, Carl
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pressures: age demographics education levels environmental stresses globalization context labor demand, wage levels United States, historic migration influences: bracero program identification policies indentured labor during mass migration era, post-World War II economic boom race/ethnicity-based policies, refugee policies slave trade . See also Americas, historic migration influences United States, modern
by Reihan Salam · 24 Sep 2018 · 197pp · 49,240 words
particular, bespeaks “a nation in danger of being driven apart.” But even in the face of this trend, the authors never consider paring back the mass immigration policies that brought it about. Instead they hope that diversity will eventually bury ethnic conflict and usher in a more liberal future—though they acknowledge
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immigration is defined by what might be called the Backlash Paradox. On the one hand, it is clear to most liberal scholars and journalists that mass immigration has contributed to racism and polarization. On the other, they view slowing the pace of immigration as a callow surrender to bigotry, so the only
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Vietnamese workers, but the deepening of economic ties between South Korea and Vietnam seems to be working out rather well for all concerned, even without mass migration. This example might strike you as counterintuitive. It often seems as though protectionism and immigration restriction are a package deal. And as a matter of
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than the vast number of potential migrants we turn away. If they are not, there can be no justification for mass exclusion—the flipside of mass immigration. Given the vast number of people who’d settle in the United States if they could, and the self-reinforcing dynamics of immigration, in which
by Sonia Shah
foreign microbes into new places, sparking epidemics that will threaten the public health. Foreign policy experts predict instability and violence as the necessary result of mass migrations forced by climate change. Antimigrant politicians speak of economic calamity and worse. The idea of migration as a disruptive force has fueled my own work
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posed by climate-driven migrants. By 2011 officials at the council had held two open debates on the subject. At the time, the specter of mass migration had been an abstraction, like the hordes of zombies featured on hit television programs. Then political and geographical circumstances conspired to create a spectacle, one
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Hungary, a critical labor shortage meant employers couldn’t find sufficient workers to fill vacant posts. But for many observers, the newly conspicuous spectacle of mass migration appeared ominous. They saw an army of robotic migrants, full of disruptive and destructive potential. By 2015 over a million people from Syria, Afghanistan, and
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Z. Ripley deliver a lecture called “The Migration of Races.” In it, he spelled out the implications of Weismannism and race science on societies experiencing mass immigration from distant continents such as their own. It wasn’t just that the newcomers would overwhelm society with their numbers. Immigrant bodies carried inside them
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out into the inner parts of Trondheim Fjord,” one sailor recounted, “that a steamer took a quarter of an hour to pass through them.” The mass migration ended badly for them. Scores of lemming carcasses had been encountered, flung across the surface of iced-over lakes, frozen to death. What did it
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” children than the more intelligent ones. Even political cultures lay embedded within bodies, which immigrants would drag around with them like phantom limbs. “If through mass immigration, the culture of the homeland is transplanted from Latin America to California, then my guess is we’ll see the same degree of success with
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individuals19—whether of the same race or not—than between the races. After centuries of allegiance to sedentist myths, commentators viewed the notion of a mass migration out of Africa with suspicion.20 Critics complained that Wilson and his colleagues “simply didn’t have the training” to untangle the complexities of the
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, “How a Network of Conservationists”; K. C. McAlpin, “ ‘The Camp of the Saints’ Revisited—Modern Critics Have Justified the Message of a 1973 Novel on Mass Immigration,” Social Contract Journal, Summer 2017. Tanton’s organizations reconstructed the Fortress America DeParle, “Anti-Immigration Crusader”; Normandin and Valles, “How a Network of Conservationists.” a
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. Much more variation existed between individuals Richard Lewontin, “The Apportionment of Human Diversity,” Evolutionary Biology 6 (1972): 381–98. commentators viewed the notion of a mass migration out of Africa with suspicion Alan G. Thorne and Milford H. Wolpoff, “The Multiregional Evolution of Humans,” Scientific American, April 1992; Marek Kohn, “All About
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species and, here media support for concept, here and Nazi preference for native plants, here origin of concept, here, here warnings of post-Cold War mass migrations, here See also invasive species; population growth; xenophobia migration deterrence measures, here, here in Europe, here, here ineffectiveness of, here, here and migrant health, here
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by Sally Adee · 27 Feb 2023 · 329pp · 101,233 words
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by Ben Judah · 28 Jan 2016 · 385pp · 119,859 words
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by John U. Bacon · 7 Nov 2017 · 476pp · 129,209 words
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by Jon Gertner · 10 Jun 2019 · 488pp · 145,950 words
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by Tsedal Neeley · 14 Oct 2021 · 223pp · 60,936 words
by Ehsan Masood · 4 Mar 2021 · 303pp · 74,206 words
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by Tim Butcher · 2 Jun 2013 · 302pp · 97,076 words
by Will Hutton · 30 Sep 2010 · 543pp · 147,357 words
by Lizzie Collingham · 1 Jan 2011 · 927pp · 236,812 words
by Paul Gilding · 28 Mar 2011 · 337pp · 103,273 words
by Ndongo Sylla · 21 Jan 2014 · 193pp · 63,618 words
by Lucy Corne · 1 Sep 2015 · 1,203pp · 124,556 words
by Nathaniel Rich · 4 Aug 2018 · 148pp · 45,249 words
by Peter Pomerantsev · 29 Jul 2019 · 240pp · 74,182 words
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by Simon Winchester · 1 Jan 2003 · 582pp · 136,780 words
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by John Plender · 27 Jul 2015 · 355pp · 92,571 words
by Yuval Noah Harari · 29 Aug 2018 · 389pp · 119,487 words
by Robert D. Kaplan · 6 Mar 2018 · 247pp · 78,961 words
by Stephen D. King · 17 Jun 2013 · 324pp · 90,253 words
by Arthur Herman · 27 Nov 2001 · 510pp · 163,449 words
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by Nicholas Schou · 16 Mar 2010 · 259pp · 87,875 words
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by Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski · 5 Mar 2019 · 202pp · 62,901 words
by Phil Thornton · 7 May 2014
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by Nick Clegg and Demos (organization : London, England) · 12 Nov 2009 · 92pp
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by James Wallman · 6 Dec 2013 · 296pp · 82,501 words
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by David Rothkopf · 18 Mar 2008 · 535pp · 158,863 words
by Simon Winchester · 16 Oct 2000 · 237pp · 77,224 words
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by Albert Woodfox · 12 Mar 2019 · 484pp · 155,401 words
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by Luke Johnson · 31 Aug 2011 · 166pp · 49,639 words
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by Daniel Reingold and Jennifer Reingold · 1 Jan 2006 · 506pp · 146,607 words
by Charles Handy · 12 Mar 2015 · 164pp · 57,068 words
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by Nick Cohen · 15 Jul 2015 · 414pp · 121,243 words
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by Max Pemberton · 21 Feb 2008 · 271pp · 87,303 words
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by Tim Wu · 4 Nov 2025 · 246pp · 65,143 words
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by James O'Brien · 2 Nov 2018 · 173pp · 52,725 words
by Nicholas Eberstadt · 4 Sep 2016 · 126pp · 37,081 words
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by Steve Richards · 14 Jun 2017 · 323pp · 95,492 words
by Nesrine Malik · 4 Sep 2019
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by Gregg Carlstrom · 14 Oct 2017 · 337pp · 100,541 words
by Joan Walsh · 19 Jul 2012 · 284pp · 85,643 words
by Vicky Spratt · 18 May 2022 · 371pp · 122,273 words
by Rashid Khalidi · 28 Jan 2020 · 413pp · 120,506 words
by Johan Norberg · 14 Sep 2020 · 505pp · 138,917 words
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by David Frum · 25 May 2020 · 319pp · 75,257 words
by Steve Kornacki · 1 Oct 2018 · 589pp · 167,680 words
by Denis MacShane · 14 Jul 2017 · 308pp · 99,298 words
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by Matthew Syed · 9 Sep 2019 · 280pp · 76,638 words
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by Ed Glinert · 30 Jun 2004 · 1,088pp · 297,362 words
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by John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge · 31 Mar 2009 · 518pp · 143,914 words
by Andrew Marr · 2 Jul 2009 · 872pp · 259,208 words
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by Pieter Hintjens · 11 Mar 2013 · 349pp · 114,038 words
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by Eric Hobsbawm · 5 Sep 2011 · 621pp · 157,263 words
by Taras Grescoe · 8 Sep 2011 · 428pp · 134,832 words
by Angela Nagle · 6 Jun 2017 · 122pp · 38,022 words
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by Frederick Taylor · 26 Jun 2019 · 535pp · 144,827 words
by Janek Wasserman · 23 Sep 2019 · 470pp · 130,269 words
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by Kees Van der Pijl · 2 Jun 2014 · 572pp · 134,335 words
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