by Jason Fung · 3 Mar 2026 · 284pp · 76,656 words
size (homeostasis).3 Leptin is the signal that “we’re too fat.” Where insulin turns up the body fat thermostat, leptin turns it down. This negative feedback loop (Figure 4.1) illustrates how the body fat thermostat is supposed to maintain homeostasis of body fat. Figure 4.1. When insulin turns up the
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message is transmitted via the vagus nerve to the brain. Together, the baroreceptors and ghrelin turn hunger on and off in a nice, neat homeostatic negative feedback loop (Figure 4.2). Figure 4.2. Ghrelin turns hunger on and the baroreceptors turn hunger off. Aha! Maybe obesity is triggered by excessively high ghrelin
by Giles Yeo · 3 Jun 2019 · 351pp · 112,079 words
from the Greek word ‘leptos’, meaning thin. At the time, most people in the field, myself included, just thought that leptin functioned in a classical ‘negative feedback loop’, meaning if you ate too much you would get fat, which would raise leptin levels, and leptin would then signal to your brain to get
by Rutger Bregman · 1 Jun 2020 · 578pp · 131,346 words
favour. Somebody says something unpleasant, and you feel the urge to make a snide comeback. In earlier chapters we saw how powerful these positive and negative feedback loops can become in schools and companies and democracies. When you’re treated with kindness, it’s easy to do the right thing. Easy, but not
by Lanius, Ruth A.; Vermetten, Eric; Pain, Clare · 11 Jan 2011
of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adults [35]. The expression of FKBP5 is induced by glucorticoids and is part of a GR-mediated negative feedback loop impacting HPA axis activity. Some of the SNPs associated with PTSD severity in those with a history of childhood abuse in this study had previously
by Joseph E. Stiglitz · 28 Jan 2020 · 408pp · 108,985 words
important for the small- and medium-sized enterprises that remain the backbone of the European economy, especially in the crisis countries. The crunch created a negative feedback loop. In reality, small-company productivity increases over time through learning-by-doing and building trust with clients. Revenues flow back into research and development and
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scheme will prevent an outflow of funds from the banking systems of countries affected by negative shocks. Common deposit insurance will also help break the negative feedback loop between banks and sovereigns by reducing the incentives to pull money out of crisis-prone countries. Germany and some other countries worry that common deposit
by Nouriel Roubini · 17 Oct 2022 · 328pp · 96,678 words
calamity,” warned the British economist and statesman Edmund Burke in 1775, “is a mighty leveler.” In the dystopian scenario of this chapter, megathreats will produce negative feedback loops that reinforce each other. They will materialize over the next decade or two. No one knows exactly when. What experts can say with confidence evokes
by Tamim Bayoumi · 405pp · 109,114 words
crisis threatened the existence of the currency union itself, before a more aggressive stance to preserving the union by the European Central Bank diffused growing negative feedback loops. * * * The Way We Were The pre-crisis macroeconomic orthodoxy had a precise and relatively narrow view of policy challenges. It focused on business cycle fluctuations
by Charles Wheelan · 18 Apr 2010 · 386pp · 122,595 words
my views are a matter of public record (for the small number of people who paid attention to them). The economy was caught in dangerous negative feedback loops—foreclosures were causing banking problems which were causing layoffs which were causing foreclosures, and so on. I was fond of saying, “A bad stimulus is
by David J. Leinweber · 31 Dec 2008 · 402pp · 110,972 words
. The two ideas discussed here, fractional home ownership and a new American bank initiative, each have a great systems analysis soul— removing unnecessary complexity and negative feedback loops and creating positive feedback via incentive structures to make them work. One of the best examples of a structural approach to societal problems occurred in
by John Mackey, Rajendra Sisodia and Bill George · 7 Jan 2014 · 335pp · 104,850 words
many years, depending upon how well its competitor companies are managed. However, neglecting or abusing the other constituencies in the interdependent system will eventually create negative feedback loops that will end up harming the long-term interests of the investors and shareholders, resulting in sub-optimization of the entire system. Without consistent customer
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