Money: Vintage Minis
by Yuval Noah Harari · 5 Apr 2018 · 97pp · 31,550 words
us today, Google will not make decisions on the basis of cooked-up stories, and will not be misled by cognitive short cuts and the peak-end rule. Google will actually remember every step we took and every hand we shook. Many of us would be happy to transfer much of our decision
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and random memories that might well distort my choices. Just as in Kahneman’s cold-water experiment, in politics too the narrating self follows the peak-end rule. It forgets the vast majority of events, remembers only a few extreme incidents and gives a wholly disproportionate weight to recent happenings. For four long
Don't Trust Your Gut: Using Data to Get What You Really Want in LIfe
by Seth Stephens-Davidowitz · 9 May 2022 · 287pp · 69,655 words
if they might be improving without the patients’ realizing it. Another cognitive bias that tricks us from making sense of our past experiences is the peak-end rule. We tend to judge past experiences not based on their overall pleasures and pains over the entire experience. Instead, we give undue weight to the
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their colonoscopy as being is how much pain they experienced in the final three minutes of the procedure. Since we suffer from duration neglect, the peak-end rule, and other cognitive biases, it is no wonder that human beings are not so great at learning from our own experiences to study our own
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. Conclusion Readers, it has come time to sum up this book. And I know I’d better make it a good summary because of the peak-end rule discussed in Chapter 8. Your feelings about this entire book are going to depend heavily on how you feel about these final few paragraphs. And
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) Christensen, Harold T., 28 Clinton, Hillary, 71–72 cognitive biases. See biases Collins, Jim, 159–164 colonoscopy pain perceptions, 211–213 duration neglect bias, 214 peak-end rule bias, 215 companies. See businesses that lead to wealth competence based on faces, 191–194 competition reducing profits, 127–132 conscientiousness in relationships, 52 counter
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location, 3, 71–79 neighborhood location predictors, 80–81 neighborhood location website, 77, 87 parents’ effects small, 69–71, 85–87 trust your gut, 87 peak-end rule bias, 215, 263 Picasso, Pablo, 177 political winners’ appearance, 190–194 Positly for survey research, 202 pre-rejecting yourself artists rejecting own masterpieces, 178–179
The Power of Moments: Why Certain Experiences Have Extraordinary Impact
by Chip Heath and Dan Heath · 2 Oct 2017 · 274pp · 72,657 words
the experience based on two key moments: (1) the best or worst moment, known as the “peak”; and (2) the ending. Psychologists call it the “peak-end rule.” So in the participants’ memories, the difference between 60 and 90 seconds washed out. That’s duration neglect. And what stood out for them was
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will tend to fade. As a result, your memory of the day is far more favorable than the hour-by-hour ratings you provided. The peak-end rule holds true across many kinds of experiences. Most of the relevant studies tend to focus on short, laboratory-friendly experiences: watching film clips, enduring annoying
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responsiveness, 233–34 and shared meaning, 207–11, 212–13, 215, 216–18, 221–22 See also jobs; specific organization endings, 9, 35. See also peak-end rule EPIC acronym, 15, 15n Episcopal Church of the Redeemer (Eagle Pass, Texas): meetings at, 89–92 ethics education, 186–88, 195, 198 Ettl, Scott, 171
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story, 264–65 and thinking in moments, 28–33 and “what matters to you,” 236–38, 265 x-rays of, 220 See also specific person peak-end rule, 8, 9, 120 peaks benefits of, 78, 88 building, 45–68, 257 built-in, 87 and clothes at peak events, 62 difficulty of building, 63
The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less
by Barry Schwartz · 1 Jan 2004 · 241pp · 75,516 words
determined by two things: how the experiences felt when they were at their peak (best or worst), and how they felt when they ended. This “peak-end” rule of Kahneman’s is what we use to summarize the experience, and then we rely on that summary later to remind ourselves of how the
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, the second had a less unpleasant end, and so was remembered as less annoying than the first. Here’s another, quite remarkable example of the peak-end rule in operation. Men undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy exams were asked to report how they felt moment by moment while having the exam, and how they felt
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accounting of definition of effects of opportunity costs of reversible decisions and optimists P parent-adolescent power struggles Paris patient responsibility, in medical care decisions “peak-end” rule Penn State University perceptual adaptation perfectionism pessimists Philadelphia, Pa. pickers, definition of “picture-in-picture” TVs “picture-in-picture” TVs Plato pleasure thermometer Poland polls
The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds
by Michael Lewis · 6 Dec 2016 · 336pp · 113,519 words
the experience ended on a more pleasant note. Danny wanted Redelmeier to find him a real-world medical example of what he was calling the “peak-end rule.” It didn’t take long for Redelmeier to come up with a bunch, but they settled on colonoscopies. In the late 1980s, colonoscopies were painful
Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End
by Atul Gawande · 6 Oct 2014 · 270pp · 85,450 words
the patients reported at all. Their final ratings largely ignored the duration of pain. Instead, the ratings were best predicted by what Kahneman termed the “Peak-End rule”: an average of the pain experienced at just two moments—the single worst moment of the procedure and the very end. The gastroenterologists conducting the
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weight of judgment afterward to two single points in time, the worst moment and the last one. The remembering self seems to stick to the Peak-End rule even when the ending is an anomaly. Just a few minutes without pain at the end of their medical procedure dramatically reduced patients’ overall pain
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’t so terrible,” they’d reported afterward. A bad ending skewed the pain scores upward just as dramatically. Studies in numerous settings have confirmed the Peak-End rule and our neglect of duration of suffering. Research has also shown that the phenomenon applies just as readily to the way people rate pleasurable experiences
Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow
by Yuval Noah Harari · 1 Mar 2015 · 479pp · 144,453 words
part, the one in which ‘the water was somewhat warmer’. Every time the narrating self evaluates our experiences, it discounts their duration, and adopts the ‘peak-end rule’ – it remembers only the peak moment and the end moment, and evaluates the whole experience according to their average. This has far-reaching impact on
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level. But the actual results were different. Just as in the cold-water experiment, the overall pain level neglected duration and instead reflected only the peak-end rule. One colonoscopy lasted eight minutes, at the worst moment the patient reported a level 8 pain, and in the last minute he reported a level
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us today, Google will not make decisions on the basis of cooked-up stories, and will not be misled by cognitive short cuts and the peak-end rule. Google will actually remember every step we took and every hand we shook. Many people will be happy to transfer much of their decision-making
…
and random memories which might well distort my choices. Just as in Kahneman’s cold-water experiment, in politics too the narrating self follows the peak-end rule. It forgets the vast majority of events, remembers only a few extreme incidents and gives a wholly disproportional weight to recent happenings. For four long
The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values
by Sam Harris · 5 Oct 2010 · 412pp · 115,266 words
an experience based on its peak intensity (whether positive or negative) and the quality of its final moments. In psychology, this is known as the “peak/end rule.” Testing this rule in a clinical environment, one group found that patients undergoing colonoscopies (in the days when this procedure was done without anesthetic) could
Rationality: From AI to Zombies
by Eliezer Yudkowsky · 11 Mar 2015 · 1,737pp · 491,616 words
a completely bad one, instead of trying to compare the strengths of the pro and con considerations.21 Some more examples of biases are: the peak/end rule (evaluating remembered events based on their most intense moment, and how they ended); anchoring (basing decisions on recently encountered information, even when it’s irrelevant
Thinking, Fast and Slow
by Daniel Kahneman · 24 Oct 2011 · 654pp · 191,864 words
totals. Surprisingly, the patients did nothing of the kind. The statistical analysis revealed two findings, which illustrate a pattern we have observed in other experiments: Peak-end rule: The global retrospective rating was well predicted by the average of the level of pain reported at the worst moment of the experience and at
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decision utility. From the perspective of the experiencing self, the long trial was obviously worse. We expected the remembering self to have another opinion. The peak-end rule predicts a worse memory for the short than for the long trial, and duration neglect predicts that the difference between 90 seconds and 60 seconds
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less, than the difference between 6 and 4 injections. In the cold-hand experiment, the error reflects two principles of memory: duration neglect and the peak-end rule. The mechanisms are different but the outcome is the same: a decision that is not correctly attuned to the experience. Decisions that do not produce
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much want it to be a good story, with a decent hero. The psychologist Ed Diener and his students wondered whether duration neglect and the peak-end rule would govern evaluations of entire lives. They used a short description of the life of a fictitious character called Jen, a never-married woman with
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out to be a harder problem than I initially thought. In an early experiment, the cold-hand study, the combination of duration neglect and the peak-end rule led to choices that were manifestly absurd. Why would people willingly expose themselves to unnecessary pain? Our subjects left the choice to their remembering self
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exposure, favoring the sufferer’s experiencing self. The choices that people made on their own behalf are fairly described as mistakes. Duration neglect and the peak-end rule in the evaluation of stories, both at the opera and in judgments of Jen’s life, are equally indefensible. It does not make sense to
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construction of System 2. However, the distinctive features of the way it evaluates episodes and lives are characteristics of our memory. Duration neglect and the peak-end rule originate in System 1 and do not necessarily correspond to the values of System 2. We believe that duration is important, but our memory tells
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of our existence is that time is the ultimate finite resource, but the remembering self ignores that reality. The neglect of duration combined with the peak-end rule causes a bias that favors a short period of intense joy over a long period of moderate happiness. The mirror image of the same bias
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, “End Effects of Rated Life Quality: The James Dean Effect,” Psychological Science 12 (2001): 124–28. The same series of experiments also tested for the peak-end rule in an unhappy life and found similar results: Jen was not judged twice as unhappy if she lived miserably for 60 years rather than 30
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organizations outcome bias outside view ou> pain; chronic; cold-hand experiment and; colonoscopies and; duration neglect and; injection puzzle and; memory of; operation experiment and; peak-end rule and; in rats paraplegics parole past: and confusing experiences with memories; hindsight bias and; regret and pastness pattern seeking Pavlov, Ivan
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peak-end rule persuasive messages physicians; malpractice litigation and piano playing and weight, measuring plane crashes planning fallacy; mitigating plausibility pleasure; in rats Plott, Charles poignancy political experts