reshoring Concepts

Better, Stronger, Faster: The Myth of American Decline . . . And the Rise of a New Economy

by Daniel Gross · 7 May 2012 · 391pp · 97,018 words

of Not Making Stuff the World Wants Chapter 8. The World of New Exports Chapter 9. Inports Chapter 10. More Like North Dakota Chapter 11. Reshoring and Insourcing Chapter 12. The Efficient Consumer Chapter 13. Supersize Nation: Scale, Scope, and Systems Conclusion: The Myth of American Decline Acknowledgments Notes Index BETTER

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United States would be further on the road to recovery if the other forty-nine states were a little more like North Dakota. CHAPTER 11 Reshoring and Insourcing Unfortunately, not all Americans can simply pick up and move to North Dakota or remake their local economies in that state’s image

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the United States in recent years. But there’s a new trend: An increasing number of U.S. companies are finding it makes sense to reshore and insource jobs to the United States, including some that have been active exporters of jobs. The conventional wisdom holds that U.S. companies simply

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, and fabricated metal products, that together accounted for about 70 percent of the U.S. imports from China in 2009, and that are poised for reshoring. Should the shift take place, it would add $100 billion to U.S. output, help cut the trade deficit, and support between 2 million and

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, president of US Block Windows. But in a world where efficiency and speed matter more than ever, there were other advantages to be gained from reshoring. In a period of rising consumer expectations, US Block Windows aims to ship orders within four days of receipt. The lead time for production in

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softball bats, which retail for up to $300. In 2004 Rawlings sent production of another bat brand, Worth, to Asia. In April 2011, however, Rawlings reshored Worth production from Panyu City in Guangzhou back to Caledonia. Why? Inflation has been pushing labor rates up by 10 to 15 percent a year

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chief executive officer of Jarden, told me. “But things that can be done with injection molding, things that are high value-added,” are candidates for reshoring. In May 2011, Coleman, another Jarden unit, said it would bring back some production of large plastic coolers from China to Wichita, Kansas. A similar

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. that are only 10 percent more expensive than [in] India.”6 Just as with manufacturing, there are sound business reasons—beyond wages—to think about reshoring service jobs. Many customers, it turns out, don’t like the hiss on the customer service line that signifies a call is being answered in

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and accounted for 40 percent of U.S. production and sales for the year. Restructuring has also played a role in setting the stage for reshoring. By 2011, having pushed through two-tier wage systems as part of their epic restructuring, the Big Three U.S. automakers were in a position

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deals “together would add 20,000 jobs by 2015.”10 These numbers pale in comparison with the jobs lost over the past decade. But the reshoring and insourcing show that U.S. manufacturing has shifted rapidly from a very expensive labor model to a cheaper one. That may be a sign

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people at the plant.11 For Peerless Industries, which makes mounts for flat-panel television screens (“audiovisual mounting solutions,” in the parlance of the trade), reshoring production from Asia was a matter of control, speed, and differentiation. In March 2010 the company, which was founded in the early 1940s, announced that

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a way to recycle heat generated by its processing equipment to help keep the plant warm in the cold winter months. As the company noted, reshoring production makes Peerless “the only major domestic mount producer with a 100 percent U.S.-based manufacturing operation.”12 And so on. Even if it

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high. If current trends continue for just a few more years, the people making the decisions on where to locate production may increasingly decide to reshore. The jobs created won’t be huge in number, and they won’t pay the Cadillac wages and benefits that jobs did in the 1960s

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petroleum-related products accounted for another 40 percent. Rising costs and living standards in China, the rising strength of the renminbi, and the rise of reshoring may help bring the China-related trade deficit under control in coming years. Two of the economy’s vital post-bust disciplines, tapping into internal

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/fiscal/budget/state/. 7. Kevin Helliker, “Frigid North Dakota Is Hot Draw for Out-of-State Students,” Wall Street Journal, July 16, 2011. Chapter 11. Reshoring and Insourcing 1. Alan S. Blinder, “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?” http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/61514/alan-s-blinder/offshoring-the-next-industrial-revolution

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, 203, 226, 228 employment and, 164, 168 exports and, 103, 105, 120, 123 inports and, 131, 138, 140, 146 North Dakota and, 155, 161 and reshoring and insourcing, 169–70, 173, 176–78 Associated Press, 174, 190, 206 Association of International Educators (NAFSA), 119–20 athletes, 126–27 ATM machines, 124

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FDI and, 82, 87, 97 hybrid, 78–80, 211 inports and, 133–37, 227 Japan and, 14, 26, 41, 79, 87, 134–35, 173 and reshoring and insourcing, 167–68, 173–74 restructuring and, 46, 51–52, 78, 136, 173–74 supersizing and, 210–11 Bach Composite, 86 bailouts, 6, 20

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Stearns, 32–33, 53 Beck, Jill, 155–56, 162 beer, beer business, 144, 194, 206 FDI and, 95–96 North Dakota and, 158–59 and reshoring and insourcing, 177–78 Bennett, Jeff, 87 Berger, John, 153 Bernanke, Ben, 32–33 Bernstein, Peter, 206 Berry Petroleum, 80 Better Place, A, 211 BigBelly

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–68, 170 FDI and, 85–87, 92–94, 97, 164 incomes in, 20, 164–67 inports and, 134–36, 138–44, 146, 164, 227 and reshoring and insourcing, 169–78, 222 trade and, 94, 98, 100–104, 106–9, 112–14, 116, 118–20, 122–28, 164 China Eastern, 124 China

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UnionPay, 124 Christie, Chris, 211 Chrysler: bailout of, 40–42 bankruptcy of, 40–41, 46, 51, 136 Fiat’s acquisition of, 40, 78, 87 and reshoring and insourcing, 173–74 Chung, Winston, 97 CIT Group, 47–49 Citi, Citibank, Citigroup, 37, 53, 84–85, 172 Citic Press, 128 Civilian Conservation Corps

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, 204, 228 efficiency economy and, 62, 68, 77 efficient consumers and, 193, 196 inports and, 131–32, 137, 141 North Dakota and, 148, 161 and reshoring and insourcing, 169, 179 Congress, U.S., 14, 19, 23–24, 125, 146 deficits and, 221–22 economic decline and, 3, 10 health care reform

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, 92–93 indebtedness and, 9–10, 53–57 inports and, 131–32, 136–37, 141, 143, 147, 227 North Dakota and, 151, 153–54 and reshoring and insourcing, 169, 172, 175, 177 restructuring and, 44–45, 53–59 supersizing and, 202, 204, 209 see also efficient consumers Cooper, Bill, 105 Cooper

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, 146–47, 202–3, 227 job growth and, 218–19 North Dakota and, 152–53, 155, 157–60 recoveries and, 17–18, 21, 215 and reshoring and insourcing, 167, 169–79 restructuring and, 44–45, 47–49, 52–53, 57–58, 81, 166 supersizing and, 199–206, 209–10 taxes on

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, 222–24 EnerNOC and, 72–75, 77 exports and, 102, 107 internal resources for, 60–64, 79–80, 107 North Dakota and, 158–59 and reshoring and insourcing, 170–73, 178 in retrofitting commercial buildings, 68–72, 80 strengthening recovery and, 215–16 UPS and, 76–77 Walmart and, 62, 68

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–57, 62–63, 79, 82, 85, 88, 111, 113, 150, 163, 203 at Newsweek, 15–16 North Dakota and, 149–53, 157–60, 212 and reshoring and insourcing, 163, 167–79 restructuring and, 45, 53–57, 59, 78, 136 statistics on, 3, 13, 29–31, 45, 57, 63, 86, 95, 99

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, 85, 92, 95 Florida, Richard, 28, 201–2 Ford, Henry, 51, 61 Fords, Ford, 26, 77–78, 199, 211 inports and, 134, 136–37 and reshoring and insourcing, 173–74 restructuring of, 51–52, 78, 136 foreign direct investment (FDI), 22, 24, 81–97, 116, 147, 216 Brazil and, 82, 85

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, 174, 228 Geithner, Timothy, 21, 32–33, 37 General Electric (GE), 121, 146, 172–74, 188, 227–28 exports of, 109–10, 112, 119 and reshoring and insourcing, 172–73 General Growth Properties, 46 General Motors (GM), 166 bailout of, 40–42, 133, 136 bankruptcy of, 40–41, 46, 51, 78

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, 136, 218 efficiency economy and, 78–79 inports and, 135–36, 227 and reshoring and insourcing, 173–74 George Washington Bridge, 206 Germany, 13, 19, 29, 39, 45, 61, 135, 144 automakers of, 79, 87, 97, 173 exports and

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, 149–50, 202, 227–28 efficiency economy and, 62, 71, 75 FDI and, 83, 95 North Dakota and, 149–51, 153–54, 159, 162 and reshoring and insourcing, 173, 175, 179 restructuring and, 48, 52–53, 57 supersizing and, 201–3 see also trade global warming, 3, 11, 64–65, 103

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, 86, 105, 151 Hy-Lite, 169 Hyman, Jennifer, 194 Hyundais, 77–78 IBM, 82, 133, 143, 199 Immelt, Jeff, 146 exports and, 109–10 and reshoring and insourcing, 172–73 immigrants, immigration, 21, 89, 91, 165, 182, 215 Erie Canal and, 205–6 exports and, 117, 121, 123 and

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reshoring and insourcing, 176–77 InBev, 95 incomes, 9, 16, 37, 72, 98, 111, 156, 168, 222 in China, 20, 164–67 efficient consumers and, 180–

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, 101, 116, 118, 126, 164 FDI and, 83, 91 infrastructure and, 205–7, 209–10 inports and, 139–40 North Dakota and, 152, 160 and reshoring and insourcing, 169–70, 172, 178 restructuring and, 54, 56–57 supersizing and, 200–201 India, 19, 26, 100–101, 112, 125, 161, 164, 171

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care and, 136, 145 higher education and, 145–46 Mary Kay and, 132, 141–43 Starbucks and, 139–41 supersizing and, 202–3 insourcing, see reshoring and insourcing Institute of International Education, 118–19 interest, interest rates, 10, 85, 217, 221 of Japan, 29–30 restructuring and, 48, 57, 136 timely

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, 184–85, 195–96 infrastructure and, 205, 207–8, 210–13 inports and, 131, 136–38 North Dakota and, 150–51, 157, 160–62 and reshoring and insourcing, 170, 173–74, 179 restructuring and, 44–45, 49–51, 78 strengthening recovery and, 215, 220 supersizing and, 200, 213 timely policy decisions

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, 15, 79 FDI and, 82–83, 85–91, 96–97 inports and, 134–36, 140, 227 North Dakota and, 159–60 recoveries and, 18, 21 reshoring and insourcing of, 164–78 restructuring and, 45, 51 supersizing and, 199–201, 211 Marbury, Stephon, 126–27, 227 Marcellus Shale, 79, 86 Marchionne, Sergio

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, 47–48, 53 methane gas, 66 Mexico, 65, 89, 154, 159 exports and, 100, 104, 122 FDI and, 84–85 inports and, 138, 145 and reshoring and insourcing, 172–74 supersizing and, 202–3 Miami, Fla., 2, 82, 89, 91, 95, 144 Michigan, 15, 118–19, 135–36, 169, 174 Microsoft

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, 21–23, 25–26, 61, 148, 163, 167, 218–19, 221 crises and, 15, 29 economic decline and, 5–6 infrastructure and, 205, 211 and reshoring and insourcing, 175–76 timely policy decisions and, 28–31, 40, 43 pools, 185–87 Popper, Deborah Epstein and Frank J., 149–50 Porter’s

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FDI and, 86–87, 89–90, 96–97 inports and, 131–32, 134–37, 140–43 North Dakota and, 150, 153–54, 157, 159 and reshoring and insourcing, 169–73, 175–79 supersizing and, 199–202, 206–8, 210 U.S. economic importance and, 227–28 profits, profit, 16, 81, 198

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, 50, 55 supersizing and, 203–4, 212–13 of textbooks, 193, 195, 204 Rent the Runway, 194–95 Republicans, 5–6, 31, 205, 218, 221 reshoring and insourcing, 222 and employment, 163, 167–79 and immigrants, 176–77 of manufacturing, 164–78 and restructuring, 173–74 and services, 171–72, 174

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–59 corporations and, 44–45, 47–49, 52–53, 57–58, 81, 166 personal, 44–45, 53–54 real estate and, 45, 49–51 and reshoring and insourcing, 173–74 retailers, retailing, 21, 75, 110–11, 125, 227 efficient consumer and, 188, 193–94 FDI and, 92–93, 95 inports and

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, 134–35, 140–41, 144 and reshoring and insourcing, 170, 176–77 restructuring and, 52–53, 55–57 supersizing and, 200, 203, 208 Revolutionary War, 81–82 Rhodium Group, 94 Robinson, Carl

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–17, 128, 226 FDI and, 83, 89, 92–93 inports and, 131–33, 135, 138, 140–43, 146 North Dakota and, 154–55, 157 and reshoring and insourcing, 170, 173, 177 restructuring and, 53–54, 56 supersizing and, 203–4, 210 San Francisco, Calif., 86, 122, 192, 211 San Joaquin Valley

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, 163–64 exports and, 98–99, 115–16, 126, 131, 169 inports and, 131–32, 141, 143–44 North Dakota and, 149–50, 160 and reshoring and insourcing, 171–72, 174 supersizing and, 199–202, 204, 206, 208 U.S. economic importance and, 227–28 Sex and the City, 144–45

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of Not Making Stuff the World Wants Chapter 8: The World of New Exports Chapter 9: Inports Chapter 10: More Like North Dakota Chapter 11: Reshoring and Insourcing Chapter 12: The Efficient Consumer Chapter 13: Supersize Nation Conclusion: The Myth of American Decline Acknowledgments Notes Index

How the World Ran Out of Everything

by Peter S. Goodman · 11 Jun 2024 · 528pp · 127,605 words

Central America to retain low-cost manufacturing without having to contend with the vagaries of the Pacific Ocean. And some companies are embracing so-called reshoring, bringing factory production back to the United States. All of these objectives are being accelerated by deepening concern over the increasingly palpable manifestations of climate

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an opportunity to reinvent the supply chain. We will follow Walker in pursuit of an alternative to Chinese factories, and then examine the promise of reshoring—bringing production back to home markets. Finally, we will explore the growing importance of regional approaches to manufacturing, examining the investment flowing into Mexico from

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on making goods domestically. Taylor Shupe was not the most obvious candidate for inclusion in the nascent movement to return factory production to American shores. Reshoring, as the concept was known, was all about bringing jobs home. He had dedicated most of his adult life to sending them away. Raised in

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react to it skeptically, divining an opportunistic marketing pitch. Either way, its existence signified a shift in the American conversation. Most of the attention to reshoring was centered on weightier concerns than socks or light-up Elmo dolls. Huge, capital-intensive industries that involved considerations of national security or future technological

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made sense to use whatever capacity existed to make more of what was missing. Whatever professional trade experts had to say, the active encouragement of reshoring had become a full-blown political event that was altering the business climate. The combined effect of the Biden administration’s policies was an industrial

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, the ninety-one-year-old founder of TSMC, cited the Arizona investment as an indication of the world economy being reshaped by the imperatives of reshoring. “Globalization is almost dead30,” Chang declared. By the end of 2022, the semiconductor industry had dedicated almost $200 billion to construct and expand forty factories31

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Electric, which manufactured fuse boxes and other piece parts for the management of power. “Semiconductor investments are going to create a ripple effect coupled with reshoring and supply chain resilience.” In other words, once you started making computer chips in the United States, that would demand new power plants, requiring fuses

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late 2023, Taiwan Semiconductor was delaying plans for production at its new Arizona factory while complaining that it could not hire enough skilled workers. And reshoring was largely driven by federal subsidies, not by the market. It was the result of a concerted campaign by the Trump and Biden administrations to

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factors are motivators,” said Eskander Yavar, a managing partner at BDO, an international business consulting firm. “If there’s no subsidies in place, I think reshoring becomes a slower roll.” Yet this was the very point of the subsidies, Yavar added. They changed the economic equation for the executives presiding over

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, few industries saw the appeal of setting up in the United States. In a suddenly hyped conversation around the revival of American industry, talk of reshoring was widespread, yet actual instances were few. Bringing factory work home to American shores was challenged by the same consideration that had sent it away

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in the first place: lower prices could be found elsewhere. An advocacy group called the Reshoring Initiative launched by Harry Moser, a retired manufacturing executive, had long labored in obscurity. When I caught up with him in February 2023, Moser was

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factoring in the savings from avoiding shipping. His reports catalogued a tsunami of investment, with 364,000 new American jobs in the pipeline35 thanks to reshoring via foreign investment in 2022 alone—an increase of more than half compared to the previous year. But the claims seemed to exceed the reality

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. One of the companies included in Moser’s database as an example of successful reshoring was a Texas-based start-up called Volcon that made electric bicycles, motorcycles, and off-road vehicles. Volcon was not making any of its products

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more than five stages of manufacturing, as compared to the eighty or ninety entailed in some footwear. The simplicity made it a perfect candidate for reshoring. “It has all the right formulas for ‘Made in the USA,’” Shupe said. “This is about creating something here in the United States with interesting

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’d have to story-tell about this.” Yet there were limits to how far this could go in the United States, Shupe acknowledged. He saw reshoring not as a comprehensive future but as a marginal shift in the making of physical products—“a ten percent portfolio allocation,” as he put it

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array of countries. And the company was especially keen to bring production closer to customers, an approach known as nearshoring—a middle-ground alternative to reshoring. Walmart was not trying to move factory production back to the United States en masse. That would have dramatically increased the costs of its wares

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companies were making adjustments to protect their supply chains from the vagaries of geopolitics and trade frictions. Their focus on regional hubs—on nearshoring and reshoring—appeared likely to continue, reducing the world’s dependence on Chinese industry. For as long as memories of the pandemic stuck, the dictates of Just

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the canal, bobbing in the Atlantic and the Pacific—a warning sign of shifts that were certain to intensify. That added to the momentum for reshoring and nearshoring. And then came still another reminder of the perils of entrusting the global supply chain to container vessels. In December 2023, Iranian-backed

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outcome—that the supply chain would be reshaped with greater value placed on resilience—but it was no sure thing. The focus on nearshoring and reshoring could yet be reversed, and for a simple reason: because a system of global manufacturing and retail dominated by companies that answered to Wall Street

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China: Harry Moser’s testimony before the US-China Economic Security Review Commission, June 9, 2022. 35. jobs in the pipeline: “Reshoring Initiative 2022 Data Report,” Reshoring Initiative, https://reshorenow.org/blog/reshoring-initiative-2022-data-report/. Chapter 20: “Okay, Mexico, Save Me.” 1. exceeding half a trillion: Walmart 2022 Annual Report. 2

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and, 133–34 on inflation, 264, 267 Mexican manufacturing and, 323 port congestion and labor disputes, 172–73 on railroads, 218–20, 223–25, 345 reshoring policy of, 301–6 BlackRock, 52 Blocker, James, 129, 130–34, 135–37 Bodmer, Jerome, 71–72, 73 Bogdanich, Walt, 70 Bork, Robert, 272–73

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Columbia Sportswear, 113, 292, 326–27, 347, 348 Commerce Department, US, 302 computer chips automobile industry’s need for, 41–44, 53–56 Biden on reshoring of, 301–6 COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of, 69, 79–81 demand during pandemic, 5–6 for F-150 (Ford), 53, 55, 290 manufacturing

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, 195, 196 European Union China manufacturing and, 286, 292 European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, 343–44 Hungarian manufacturing and, 328 offsets and shipping, 343 US reshoring and, 303–4, 306, 313 Ever Given (container ship, Suez Canal), 4, 111–12 executive pay. See corporate profit and investors Exiger, 287 exporting from

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Fukushima earthquake (2005), 76–79 geography of, 60 (see also Toyota) limited inventory in auto factories (2005), 75 SeaLand’s early growth and, 99 US reshoring efforts and, 302 JBS Foods, 249–50, 252, 254–58, 273, 274–75, 276, 278–79 J.C. Penney, 75–76, 86 Jensen, Lars Mikael

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, 138–40, 141–46, 147–49, 150 Mahdi, Raine, 320 manufacturing. See also China and manufacturing; Just in Time/lean manufacturing model; Mexico and manufacturing; reshoring case studies of (see Ford, Henry; Shupe, Taylor; Walker, Hagan) in China, 19–38 diversification of, 283–95 in Mexico, 314–52

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reshoring, 296–313 Man Wah, 330–31 Mao Zedong, 25, 328 Mariathasan, Mike, 77–78 Mattel, 3, 185, 188, 190, 191 McConnell, Mitch, 141 McKinsey & Company,

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rest stops, 232–33, 245 meatpacking industry deregulation, 271–78 need for, 351–52 railroads (nineteenth century), 205–6 Reich, David, 116–17 Renault, 42 reshoring, 296–313 defined, 14, 296 example of, 296–300, 308–13 motivation for, 296–300 US policy incentives for, 300–308

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Reshoring Initiative, 307 ResMed, 80 return on assets, 70 Robber Barons. See railroads robots. See automation Rocker, Kenny G., 210–11, 213 Rooney, Bethann, 147–48

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, Alan, 216 Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), 206. See also antitrust enforcement Shipping Act (1916), 108–9 Shipping Act (1984), 109 Shupe, Taylor reshoring and workforce of, 299–300, 308–13 reshoring motivation of, 296–300 Sinclair, Upton, 269 Singapore, 89 Skou, Soren, 156, 157 Smithfield Beef, 274 Smithfield Foods, 253–54 Sodhi

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China, 24, 42, 283, 285, 288–89, 330 Federal Maritime Commission and, 139 meatpacking industry and, 253–55 on Mexico, 319–20 on railroads, 225 reshoring policy of, 300, 306 Twin, Felix, 251, 256 Twin, San, 249–51, 256–57 Tyson Foods, 257–58 Ukraine, war in, 13, 325 Ullman, Mike

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, Woodrow, 269 Wirth, Erin M., 150–51 workforce. See also dockworkers; dray operators; long-haul trucking; meatpacking industry; rail freight and Precision Scheduled Railroading; railroads; reshoring; unions automation and, 335–41 China’s workforce wages, 171–72, 287 Chinese banking system and, 30 downsizing by Toyota (1950), 61 downsizing of, and

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, 333–34 middle-class job loss, 52 paid sick leave denied to, 204–5, 216, 220, 223–25, 252 productivity of (1948–1979), 170–71 reshoring and, 299–300, 308–13 unemployment (2020), 85 unemployment and inflation, 349–50 unemployment benefits denied, 255 working poor, 24, 171, 349–50 WorkHound, 233

Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future

by Martin Ford · 4 May 2015 · 484pp · 104,873 words

its screen—did not seem at all out of place as they prowled between booths and engaged other attendees in conversation. Manufacturing Jobs and Factory Reshoring In a September 2013 article, Stephanie Clifford of the New York Times told the story of Parkdale Mills, a textile factory in Gaffney, South Carolina

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of some workers who perform routine tasks, it also helps make US manufacturing more competitive with low-wage countries. Indeed, there is now a significant “reshoring” trend under way, and this is being driven both by the availability of new technology and by rising offshore labor costs, especially in China where

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that nearly half of companies with sales exceeding $10 billion were either actively pursuing or considering bringing factories back to the United States.8 Factory reshoring dramatically decreases transportation costs and also provides many other advantages. Locating factories in close proximity to both consumer markets and product design centers allows companies

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product into a customer’s hands within days. There is, however, one important caveat to the reshoring narrative. Even the relatively small number of new factory jobs now being created as a result of reshoring won’t necessarily be around over the long term; as robots continue to get more capable and

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approach full automation. Manufacturing jobs in the United States currently account for well under 10 percent of total employment. As a result, manufacturing robots and reshoring are likely to have a fairly marginal impact on the overall job market. The story will be very different in developing countries like China, where

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demographics but also with technology. As we saw in Chapter 1, Chinese factories are already moving aggressively to introduce robots and automation. Some factories are reshoring to advanced countries or moving to even lower-wage countries like Vietnam. A look back at Figure 2.8 in Chapter 2 shows clearly that

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job-market polarization and, 50–51 low-wage jobs and, 26–27 offshoring as precursor to, 115, 118–119 predictions of effect of, 30–34 reshoring and, 10 retail sector and, 16–20 risk of, 256 service sector and, 12–20 solutions to rise of, 273–278 (see also basic income

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in, 223–227 globalization and, 53 industrial automation in, 3, 10–11, 225–226 labor’s share of national income in, 41 offshoring and, 120 reshoring and, 9 saving rate in, 224–225 super-intelligence and, 236n China rebalancing, 224–225 Chomsky, Noam, 129, 236 Christensen, Clayton, 142 Chronicle of Higher

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, job polarization and, 50 Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing (Lipson), 180 Facebook, xvi, 89, 92, 106, 114, 137, 152, 175, 231, 236 factory reshoring, 8–12 Fallows, James, 71 Fantastic Voyage (Kurzweil & Grossman), 235 fast food industry, 12–16, 209, 210 Fast Food Nation (Schlosser), 210 Fazzari, Steven, 199

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job-market polarization, 50–51, 53 jobs disappearance of middle-class, 49 low-wage, 26–27 part-time, 49–51 purchasing power and, xvii, 197 reshoring and manufacturing, 8–12 See also employment; knowledge-based jobs; white-collar jobs Jobs, Steve, 161 Johns Hopkins, 133 Johnson, Lyndon, 29, 31, 32–33

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overtones of Singularity, 235 “Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution” (King), 29–30 rent seeking, financialization and, 55–56 Republicans, income distribution preferred by, 47n reshoring, 8–12 resource depletion, technology and, xvii, 282–283 restocking, automated, 18–19 retail sector, 16–20, 87, 88. See also online retailing Rethink Robotics

The Default Line: The Inside Story of People, Banks and Entire Nations on the Edge

by Faisal Islam · 28 Aug 2013 · 475pp · 155,554 words

and on America’s western seaboard, terminals built for liquefied natural gas imports, are now being converted to handle potential gas exports. Manufacturing is being reshored to America, with the promise of cheaper indigenous energy. The US actually overtook Russia as a producer of gas. But the GECF may take comfort

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was no less than the return of Manchester’s rag trade, but in a form less dark and less satanic than its nineteenth-century predecessor. Reshoring, rebalancing and reindustrialising Manchester’s textile industry was the call – the rag trade returning to its historic home. In theory, this was the reverse of

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, the colours. They’d have to discount 80 per cent of stock from full price because that equation would inevitably be wrong. Well, nearshoring and reshoring changes all that. The company can get the clothes on the shelves quicker. They can do a test run of, say, 500, and then swiftly

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reorder. They can shout at somebody in person if the colour is wrong. Reshoring takes huge amounts of risk out of the supply chain. Boohoo’s CEO Chris Bale told me that eighteen months previously 75 per cent of

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minimum wage could be an important policy lever to bridge the gap. But large rises in the minimum wage could also imperil some forms of reshoring and reindustrialisation. More local discretion over minimum wage levels is probably worth exploring. DEFAULT LINE #2: Housing and intergenerational equity A different form of state

Factory Man: How One Furniture Maker Battled Offshoring, Stayed Local - and Helped Save an American Town

by Beth Macy · 14 Jul 2014 · 473pp · 140,480 words

those rewards to high tech to raise the standard of living for their citizens,” Epperson said. That shift continues to prompt a small but growing reshoring movement as companies come back to the United States. New American GE and Caterpillar factories have gone up and there’s even a new giant

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time it closed the Stanleytown plant, the company pumped $8 million in Byrd money into new equipment for its aging plant in Robbinsville, North Carolina, reshoring—or bringing back to the United States—its Young America children’s line. The change was prompted in part by a string of crib recalls

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from home. Wanda Perdue might still be looking for full-time employment, I thought, but at least she has her family nearby. Though talk of reshoring manufacturing is heating up—and companies like Ford, Apple, GE, and Caterpillar are bringing some production back to the United States—economists and furniture analysts

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says 60 percent of his inventory is now American-made.) In October 2011, a North Carolina furniture maker named Bruce Cochrane tried to ride the reshoring wave, resurrecting a high-end furniture factory that had been in his family for four generations. He grabbed both headlines and accolades, including an invitation

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picky, and the logistics are easier to manage,” he said. Furniture-making would leave Indonesia much sooner than ten years, he now believed, predicting the reshoring of furniture jobs to America, only this time with higher-skilled lean manufacturing and increased technology. “Hopefully the Stanleys and Bassetts of the world have

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Nears the Tipping Point,” BCG Perspectives, March 22, 2012; https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/manufacturing_supply_chain_management_us_manufacturing_nears_the_tipping_point/. Reshoring movement: According to “Coming Home,” Economist, January 19, 2013, most of the multinationals bringing production back to the United States cited as their reasons the

The Wealth of Humans: Work, Power, and Status in the Twenty-First Century

by Ryan Avent · 20 Sep 2016 · 323pp · 90,868 words

importance of knowledge (and the growing irrelevance of other cost sources) means that the advantage to rich-world firms of moving anything abroad is decreasing. ‘Reshoring’ in manufacturing, or the relocation of industrial production back to the rich economies that were priced out of such businesses decades ago, is often framed

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keep assembly in America, and to employ thousands of manufacturing workers in the process. But that is not, for the most part, what is occurring. Reshoring is predominantly a function of the rising knowledge-intensity of production, which means that variations in the cost of unskilled labour no longer matter all

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eye on the code operating the plants, than to move assembly abroad in search of modest savings on the wage bill. And sure enough, the reshoring phenomenon, where it has occurred, has not brought back mass employment of less-skilled workers. That means that economies which were hoping to establish an

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deindustrialization demand, chronically weak dematerialization Detroit developing economies and capital investment and digital revolution era of rapid growth and industrialization pockets of wealth in and ‘reshoring’ phenomenon and sharp slowdown and social capital see also emerging economies digital revolution and agency and company cultures and developing economies and distance distribution of

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boost to and dot.com boom in Europe and financial crisis (2008) ‘green jobs’ low-pay sector minimum wage impact niche markets in public sector ‘reshoring’ phenomenon as rising globally and social contexts and social membership as source of personal identity and structural change trilemma in USA see also labour; wages

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era methods of nation state as locus of as a necessity as politically hard and societal openness wealth as human rent, economic Republican Party, US ‘reshoring’ phenomenon Resseger, Matthew retail sector retirement age Ricardo, David rich people and maker-taker distinction wild contingency of wealth Robinson, James robots Rodrik, Dani Romney

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sharing economies Silicon Valley Singapore skilled workers and education levels and falling wages the highly skilled few and industrial revolution ‘knowledge-intensive’ goods and services reshoring phenomenon technological deskilling see also professional, technical or managerial work Slack (chat service) Slate (web publication) smartphone culture Smith, Adam social capital and American Constitution

Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of the Great Stagnation

by Tyler Cowen · 11 Sep 2013 · 291pp · 81,703 words

plant or project, hiring in a wealthy country brings less of a wage penalty. Indeed, some manufacturing plants are moving back to the United States—“reshoring” it is called—and those are the plants that use lots of robots and artificial intelligence. The technical proficiency is in the West for the

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and Sandile Hlatshwayo, “The Evolving Structure of the American Economy and the Employment Challenge,” Council on Foreign Relations, March 2011. For one recent look at reshoring, see John Markoff, “Skilled Work, Without the Worker,” The New York Times, August 18, 2012. Chapter 10: Relearning Education For figures on K–12, see

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–29 and man-machine collaboration, 93 and marketing, 22–27 and outsourcing, 163–71 participation rates, 45, 46, 51 polarization in, 37, 55, 231 and “reshoring” trend, 177 and residential segregation, 247–48 and retraining, 202 and the social contract, 229 laboratory science, 100 land prices, 236, 247 language recognition, 119

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Too Damn High (Yglesias), 240 rents, 63, 236, 239–40 reporting standards, 129–30 Republican Party, 256–57 research assistants, 27–28 research teams, 207 “reshoring,” 177 residential segregation, 247–48 resources ownership, 20 retirees, 51, 173–75, 191, 232, 242 retraining, 202 Ricardo, David, 6 Ripley, Amanda, 200 risk and

The Impulse Society: America in the Age of Instant Gratification

by Paul Roberts · 1 Sep 2014 · 324pp · 92,805 words

communication. Many foreign workers were demanding substantially higher wages. Slowly, some Western firms began bringing back some offshored jobs—a shift that was quickly dubbed reshoring, and has since spurred a lot of talk of an American manufacturing renaissance. At the same time, the widening gap between job requirements and workers

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major breakout. And yet, while it’s clearly the case that the innovation-jobs machine is nowhere near tapped out, even positive trends such as reshoring and a biotech revolution will be hard-pressed to counter the larger trends now in motion without a much deeper shift in our impulsive approach

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Impulse Society. So much of the current investment in innovation is actually intended to prevent a turnaround from happening. Even if the reshoring movement were to pick up steam, the reshored jobs would be nowhere nearly as numerous as the ones that left. That’s because, in the two decades since the

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, Bruce. “Europe Faces Globalization—Part II: Denmark Invests in an Adaptable Workforce, Thus Reducing Fear of Change.” YaleGlobal, May 18, 2006. The Economist. “Coming Home: Reshoring Manufacturing.” Jan. 19, 2013. Accessed January 23, 2913. Doi: http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21569570-growing-number-american-companies-are-moving-their-manufacturing

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with author. 25. Interview with author. 26. Lazonick and O’Sullivan, “Maximizing Shareholder Value,” p. 31. 27. Personal communication, January 10, 2014. 28. “Coming Home: Reshoring Manufacturing,” The Economist, Jan. 19, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21569570-growing-number-american-companies-are-moving-their-manufacturing-back-united. 29

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the Work, Is a Dream No More,” CNNMoney, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2003/06/01/343371/index.htm. 32. “Coming Home: Reshoring Manufacturing.” 33. “Robots Are Coming, Part 2,” SoundCloud discussion on InnovationHub, https://soundcloud.com/innovationhub/robots-are-coming-part-2. 34. Interview with author. 35

Creative Intelligence: Harnessing the Power to Create, Connect, and Inspire

by Bruce Nussbaum · 5 Mar 2013 · 385pp · 101,761 words

. Water heaters and washing machines, now made in Asia, and refrigerators, currently made in Mexico, will be on assembly in Louisville. Why the shift to “reshoring”? Lower prices for technology make manufacturing at home in the United States easier. And rising wages in China, Mexico, and other suppliers coupled with falling

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localization would also change the way many global corporations operate domestically. The shift is beginning at a number of companies, with Boeing, Caterpillar, and GE “reshoring” a small part of their production back to the United States and publicizing the move in high-profile ad campaigns that reflect a growing demand

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Divergent thinking, 21 DIY (do it yourself) philosophy, 36, 152–56. See also Making Doerr, John, 198 Domain knowledge, 21, 30, 70 Domestic production. See Reshoring Donald, Dave, 192–94 DonorsChoose, 102 Donut knowledge, 66–70. See also Knowledge mining knowing patterns and watching for breaks in patterns for, 70–72

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, 215 Little Alouette (company), 162–66 LKS Partners, 107–9 Local crowdfunding, 244–45 Local economies Indie Capitalism and, 38, 247–48 making and, 159 reshoring and, 160–62 Local networks, pivoting and, 204–8 Locavore food movement, 173 Lowry, Adam, 45–48 Lumi Process printing system, 198–99 MacCready, Paul

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lives and stronger economy with, 171–75 as Creative Intelligence competency, 36, 155 financial capitalism and beginnings of culture of, 149–56 General Electric’s reshoring and, 160–62 homegrown economy and, 156–59 Indie Capitalism and, 248 Little Alouette company on Etsy platform and, 162–66 private commercial rocket launch

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and, 147–49 Maliq, Irish, 91–92 Managers, wandering, 190–99 Manchanda, Sonia, 29, 75–76 Mandel, Michael, 234 Manufacturing, reshoring of, 160–62, 174–75. See also Outsourcing Mapping creativity networks, 81 Market norms vs. social norms, 183 Markets, Indie Capitalism and, 248 Martha Stewart

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Hewlett-Packard, 225–26 financial capitalism and, 151, 153 loss of innovation by, 144 pivoting and, 179 reversing of, for manufacturing, 160–62 (see also Reshoring) risks of, 174–75 Packaging, Apple iMac, 188 Packard, David, 191 Page, Larry, 121, 207, 212–13 Parker, Sean, 214 Parsons The New School for

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, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience in, 20–24 in recruitment of spies by OSS in World War II, 17–20, 27 sociocultural approach to, 24–27 Reshoring. See also Outsourcing General Electric’s, 160–62, 174 Indie Capitalism and, 247–48 Restaurant reservations, 98–99 Retail gaming programs, 132–33 R/GA

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, 35 Union Square Ventures, 181 United States culture of, 31 failure of innovation in, 234–37 military war games in, 120 political parties of, 94 reshoring of manufacturing to, 160–62 Universities. See also Education entrepreneurialism in, 180–81 making and, 172 mapping creativity networks of, 81 pivoting and, 204 as

The Wires of War: Technology and the Global Struggle for Power

by Jacob Helberg · 11 Oct 2021 · 521pp · 118,183 words

medical supply chains to Mexico or manufacturing servers in Germany, far from Beijing and its doctrine of civil-military fusion. Naturally, this will also entail reshoring far more U.S. production. A technology alliance would not only guard against Chinese supply-chain interference, it could also spur greater innovation. For instance

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microphone, and every USB key. But according to Diogo Monica, a leading cybersecurity architect, we don’t have to. Instead, he told me, “We can reshore the right components” and ensure that others can be easily inspected and audited. This would help build a “minimum viable industrial capacity,” sufficient not simply

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tech to take up that challenge—for instance, with more venture capital directed toward advanced manufacturing processes and robotics that would enable us to creatively reshore American industry. The federal government should stand ready to help. A National Infrastructure Bank—proposed in Congress many times—could establish a public-private entity

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of any industrial policy should involve clustering together hubs of production and innovation. Although policymakers’ natural instincts—and political incentives—might push them to spread reshoring investments across the country, some of America’s most innovative global hubs have been successful because they are geographically concentrated: Wall Street, Hollywood, Silicon Valley