semantic versioning Concepts

API Design Patterns

by Jj Geewax · 19 Jul 2021 · 725pp · 168,262 words

and security 24 Versioning and compatibility 24.1 Motivation 24.2 Overview What is compatibility? Defining backward compatibility 24.3 Implementation Perpetual stability Agile instability Semantic versioning 24.4 Trade-offs Granularity vs. simplicity Stability vs. new functionality Happiness vs. ubiquity 24.5 Exercises 25 Soft deletion 25.1 Motivation 25.2

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code will continue to function as intended for more than a fixed, relatively short window of time. 24.3.3 Semantic versioning Probably the most popular form of versioning out there today, semantic versioning (or SemVer; https://semver.org), is a very powerful tool that allows a single version label to convey quite a

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regarding compatibility. In other words, if the only difference between two versions is the patch version, code written against one should work with the other. Semantic versioning, when used with web APIs, simply follows these rules as new changes come out. Making a change that would be backward incompatible? That change should

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.2, your compatibility policy will guide you to decide which category your change falls into; so as long as you follow it, semantic versioning works quite well. One major issue with semantic versioning, though, is the sheer number of versions available to the user (and to be managed as separate services). In other words

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, semantic versioning provides a huge number of versions to choose from, each with a varying set of functionality, to the point where users might end up quite

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that clock runs out, the version is removed from service and simply disappears. This deprecation policy aside, one of the best things about relying on semantic versioning is the balance between stability and new functionality, effectively giving us the best of both worlds. In a sense, users are able to pin to

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to get what they want from an API, assuming it’s been built and put into a specific version. Figure 24.5 Trade-offs for semantic versioning strategy Keep in mind that these are just a few popular strategies for versioning web APIs and not at all an exhaustive list. As you

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it be addressed in a future version? If a future version, would this be considered a major, a minor, or a patch change according to semantic versioning (semver.org)? Summary Versioning is a tool that allows API designers to change and evolve their APIs over time while causing as little detriment and

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340–341 handling mandatory changes 341–342 under-the-hood changes 342 compatibility 336–338 implementation 344–351 agile instability 349 perpetual stability 345–346 semantic versioning 349–351 trade-offs 351–355 granularity vs. simplicity 351–352 happiness vs. ubiquity 353–355 stability vs. new functionality 352–353 VideoMessage resource 227

Haskell Programming: From First Principles

by Christopher Allen and Julie Moronuki · 1 Jan 2015 · 1,076pp · 67,364 words

String [NumberOrString] Prelude> eitherDecode "[123]" :: Result Right [Numba 123] Prelude> eitherDecode "[\"123\"]" :: Result Right [Stringy "123"] 24.11 Chapter Exercises 1. Write a parser for semantic versions as deﬁned by http://semver. org/. After making a working parser, write an Ord instance for the SemVer type that obeys the speciﬁcation outlined on

Principles of Web API Design: Delivering Value with APIs and Microservices

by James Higginbotham · 20 Dec 2021 · 283pp · 78,705 words

the new version is released, or perhaps never. Versions may be numbers or strings (e.g. v1 or 2017-01-14). For those familiar with semantic versioning (semver), this is the same thing as a major version. Figure 14.1 illustrates two versions of an API, each offered as a different product

Clojure Programming

by Chas Emerick, Brian Carper and Christophe Grand · 15 Aug 2011 · 999pp · 194,942 words

artifact itself. This defaults to jar, and is generally not specified in the default case. version, a version string that ideally follows the conventions of semantic versioning.[249] In textual settings, Maven coordinates are often specified in a format like groupId:artifactId:packaging:version, so v1.3.0 of Clojure’s jar

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might know that you could safely depend upon a library not breaking API compatibility until its next major release. Insofar as nearly all artifacts use semantic versioning, as in this case, it is often useful to define dependency versions in terms of ranges of versions. Maven supports a number of version range

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and your usage of version ranges in general depends upon your assessment of the projects that produce the libraries you depend upon. If they use semantic versioning (of some sort) reliably, then version ranges can be a great way to ensure that the artifacts you produce will be used only with versions

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the size of your packaged artifacts. [248] You can read more about .jar files at http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/javaprogramming/JAR/basics. [249] Semantic versioning is a well-understood convention for specifying the magnitude of change between software versions. Read more about it at http://semver.org. [250] Tools like

Building Microservices

by Sam Newman · 25 Dec 2014 · 540pp · 103,101 words

try to avoid the break altogether or else embrace it and start having the right conversations with the people looking after the consuming services. Use Semantic Versioning Wouldn’t it be great if as a client you could look just at the version number of a service and know if you can

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integrate with it? Semantic versioning is a specification that allows just that. With semantic versioning, each version number is in the form MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH. When the MAJOR number increments, it means that backward incompatible changes

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added that should be backward compatible. Finally, a change to PATCH states that bug fixes have been made to existing functionality. To see how useful semantic versioning can be, let’s look at a simple use case. Our helpdesk application is built to work against version 1.2.0 of the customer

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to make changes to our application if a new 2.0.0 release of the customer service comes out. You may decide to have a semantic version for the service, or even for an individual endpoint on a service if you are coexisting them as detailed in the next section. This versioning

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Development Lifecycle, Baking Security In self-describing systems, HAL and the HAL Browser semantic monitoring, So Should You Use End-to-End Tests?, Synthetic Monitoring semantic versioning, Use Semantic Versioning server-side caching, Client-Side, Proxy, and Server-Side Caching service accounts, Use SAML or OpenID Connect service boundaries, Zoning(see also modeling services

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different endpoints, Coexist Different Endpoints deferring breaking changes, Defer It for as Long as Possible multiple concurrent versions, Use Multiple Concurrent Service Versions semantic, Use Semantic Versioning vertical scaling, Go Bigger virtual private clouds (VPC), Network Segregation virtualizationhypervisors, Traditional Virtualization traditional, Traditional Virtualization type 2, Traditional Virtualization virtualization platformsDocker, Docker Linux containers

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of Code Reuse in a Microservice World Client Libraries Access by Reference Versioning Defer It for as Long as Possible Catch Breaking Changes Early Use Semantic Versioning Coexist Different Endpoints Use Multiple Concurrent Service Versions User Interfaces Toward Digital Constraints API Composition UI Fragment Composition Backends for Frontends A Hybrid Approach Integrating

The Architecture of Open Source Applications

by Amy Brown and Greg Wilson · 24 May 2011 · 834pp · 180,700 words

technology was just as important as the technical considerations. After researching and evaluating the available alternatives, the committers selected OSGi. Why OSGi? It had a semantic versioning scheme for managing dependencies. It provided a framework for modularity that the JDK itself lacked. Packages that were available to other bundles must be explicitly

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not available for use. As the API evolves, there needs to be a way to signal changes to your consumers. One approach is to use semantic versioning of your bundles and version ranges in your manifests to specify the version ranges for your dependencies. OSGi uses a four-part versioning naming scheme

ZeroMQ

by Pieter Hintjens · 12 Mar 2013 · 1,025pp · 150,187 words

process to act as a quality indicator for open source projects.) All Public Contracts SHALL use Semantic Versioning. This rule is mainly here because people asked for it. I’ve no real love for it, as semantic versioning is what led to the so-called “Why does ØMQ not speak to itself?!” debacle. I

Docker in Action

by Jeff Nickoloff and Stephen Kuenzli · 10 Dec 2019 · 629pp · 109,663 words

tagging images 10.5.1. Background 10.5.2. Continuous delivery with unique tags 10.5.3. Configuration image per deployment stage 10.5.4. Semantic versioning Summary 3. Higher-level abstractions and orchestration Chapter 11. Services with Docker and Compose 11.1. A service “Hello World!” 11.1.1. Automated resurrection

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a unique tag through delivery stages. Continuous delivery with environment-specific artifacts— Pipelines produce environment-specific artifacts and promote them through development, stage, and production. Semantic versioning— Tag and publish images with a Major.Minor.Patch scheme that communicates the level of change in a release. 10.5.2. Continuous delivery with

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authors and operators to support environment-specific variation while maintaining traceability back to the originating sources and preserving a simple deployment workflow. 10.5.4. Semantic versioning Semantic versioning (https://semver.org/) is a popular approach to versioning artifacts with a version number of the form Major.Minor.Patch. The

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semantic versioning specification defines that as software changes, authors should increment the following: Major version when making incompatible API changes Minor version when adding functionality in a

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backward-compatible manner Patch version when making backward-compatible bug fixes Semantic versioning helps both publishers and consumers manage expectations for the kind of changes a consumer is getting when updating an image dependency. Authors who publish images

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to a large number of consumers or who must maintain several release streams for a long time often find semantic versioning or a similar scheme attractive. Semantic versioning is a good choice for images that many people depend on as a base operating system, language runtime, or database. Figure 10

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.7. Tag and publish image release with semantic versioning Suppose that after testing your image in dev and stage that you want to release your recent build of the example app as version 1

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a foundation for delivering software to consumers by using styles ranging from continuous delivery in a private service deployment to publishing long-lived releases via semantic versioning to the public. Part 3. Higher-level abstractions and orchestration This part focuses on managing systems of components by using containers. Most valuable systems have

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and runtime images variations of runtime image via multistage builds patterns for tagging images background configuration image per deployment stage continuous delivery with unique tags semantic versioning record metadata at image build time testing images in build pipelines image property, 2nd image source distribution, GitHub image source-distribution workflows image tag mutation

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scope property, 2nd scp tooling scratch image, 2nd scratch repository $SECRET variable secrets, 2nd secrets key, 2nd security modules - -security-opt flag sed command SELinux semantic versioning Serverspec Service converged service create subcommand service rollback subcommand service-level agreement (SLA) services, 2nd, 3rd autoscaling declarative service environments with Compose collections of services

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capability SysV T -t option - -tag (-t) flag tag command tagging images, patterns for background configuration image per deployment stage continuous delivery with unique tags semantic versioning TAR archive files - -target option tasks TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) testing images in build pipelines time-out tini TLS (Transport Layer Security) tmpfs device tmpfs

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example Figure 10.5. Continuous delivery with unique tags Figure 10.6. Configuration image per environment Figure 10.7. Tag and publish image release with semantic versioning Chapter 11. Services with Docker and Compose Figure 11.1. Initializing a swarm node Figure 11.2. Creating your first service Figure 11.3. The

Software Engineering at Google: Lessons Learned From Programming Over Time

by Titus Winters, Tom Manshreck and Hyrum Wright · 17 Mar 2020 · 214pp · 31,751 words

”) and continuous deployment practices (See “Continuous Deployment”) for a project that will last only a few days. Similarly, all of our long-term concerns about semantic versioning (SemVer) and dependency management in software engineering projects (See “Dependency Management”) don’t really apply for short-term programming projects: use whatever is available to

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when the version is updated. There’s no way to guarantee that external parties won’t make breaking updates (even when they claim to use semantic versioning), so a build that worked one day might be broken the next with no easy way to detect what changed or to roll it back

Mastering Ethereum: Building Smart Contracts and DApps

by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Gavin Wood Ph. D. · 23 Dec 2018 · 960pp · 125,049 words

a simple contract, following on from the example we started with in Chapter 2. Selecting a Version of Solidity Solidity follows a versioning model called semantic versioning, which specifies version numbers structured as three numbers separated by dots: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH. The “major” number is incremented for major and backward-incompatible changes

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, Optional passphrase in BIP-39 selfdestruct function, Contract Constructor and selfdestruct, The Vulnerability SELFDESTRUCT opcode, Life Cycle of a Smart Contract, Contract Constructor and selfdestruct semantic versioning, Selecting a Version of Solidity Serenity, Quick Glossary, Ethereum’s Four Stages of Development Serpent, Quick Glossary, Introduction to Ethereum High-Level Languages SGX (Software