Apple: The First 50 Years
by David Pogue · 10 Mar 2026 · 686pp · 216,944 words
the image—the areas that change from frame to frame (someone’s mouth moving, for example, while the background remains static). Clumping pixels together. The software studied each 4 x 4 clump of pixels, which the team called a cell. If those 16 pixels were all roughly the same color, the algorithm
Dreaming in Code: Two Dozen Programmers, Three Years, 4,732 Bugs, and One Quest for Transcendent Software
by Scott Rosenberg · 2 Jan 2006 · 394pp · 118,929 words
stuff more than we hate it. So we dream of new and better things. The expert who in many ways founded the modern field of software studies, Frederick P. Brooks, Jr., wrote an influential essay in 1987 titled “No Silver Bullet,” declaring that, however frustrated we may be with the writing of
Data and the City
by Rob Kitchin,Tracey P. Lauriault,Gavin McArdle · 2 Aug 2017
Geography 31: 1–14. Dodge, M., Kitchin, K. and Zook, M. (2009) ‘How does software make space? Exploring some geographical dimensions of pervasive computing and software studies’, Environment and Planning A 41: 1283–1293. Donaldson, D.R. and Fear, K. (2011) ‘Provenance, end-user trust and reuse: an empirical investigation’, Proceedings of
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) ‘Topologies: Michel Serres and the shapes of thought’, Anglistik 15(1): 105–117. Fuller, M. (2008) ‘Introduction: The stuff of software’, in M. Fuller (ed.), Software Studies: A Lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gordon, E. and de Souza e Silva, A. (2011) Net Locality: Why Location Matters in a Networked World. Chichester
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, presentations; news reports, clippings, videos, etc.; academic literature, theoretical, critical, pragmatic and methodological related to Object OP, OOD, software and database vendors, other implementations, standard, software studies, etc. Most data collection work took place on site at the OSI between March and April 2015. The OSi arranged private office space and full
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180 T. P. Lauriault Digital socio-technical assemblage Critical Social Science Science Technology Studies New media studies Game studies HCI, Remediation studies Critical code studies Software studies Surveillance studies Critical data studies Platform studies System/process performs a task Context frames the system/task Reception/operation (user/usage) Forms of knowledge Interface
The Costs of Connection: How Data Is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating It for Capitalism
by Nick Couldry and Ulises A. Mejias · 19 Aug 2019 · 458pp · 116,832 words
Rasa, Bogotá-Colombia, 24L (2016): 123–43. Grosser, Benjamin. “What Do Metrics Want? How Quantification Prescribes Social Interaction on Facebook.” Computational Culture: A Journal of Software Studies 4 (2014). http://computationalculture.net/what-do-metrics-want/. Gurumurthy, Anita. “Big Brother Getting Bigger? The Privacy Issues Surrounding Aadhaar Are Worrying.” First Post, April
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& Society 2, no. 2 (2016): 39–54. . “What Is in PageRank? A Historical and Conceptual Investigation of Recursive Status Index.” Computational Culture: A Journal of Software Studies, no. 6 (2012): 1–28. http://computationalculture.net/article/what_is_in_pagerank. Rieder, Bernhard, and Theo Röhle. “Digital Methods: From Challenges to Bildung.” In
Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System
by Nick Montfort and Ian Bogost · 9 Jan 2009
sense to think about a psychoanalysis/ludology debate or a remediation/narratology debate. Code is a level where explorations are still only beginning. Code studies, software studies, and code aesthetics are not yet widespread, but they are becoming known concepts. With both the Ars Electronica festival and, more recently, the Society for
The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy
by Aaron Perzanowski and Jason Schultz · 4 Nov 2016 · 374pp · 97,288 words
. The free software movement is one notable exception. Developers of free software are committed to the idea that all users should be free to run software, study it, modify it, and redistribute it. Those core beliefs are reflected in free software licenses like the GNU General Public License, or GPL. Examples of
Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking
by E. Gabriella Coleman · 25 Nov 2012 · 398pp · 107,788 words
Personal Computer. New York: McGraw-Hill. Friedman, Ted. 2005. Electric Dreams: Computers in American Culture. New York: New York University Press. Fuller, Matthew, ed. 2008. Software Studies: A Lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fuster Morell, Mayo. 2010. Governance of Online Creation Communities. Provision of Infrastructure for the Building of Digital Commons. PhD
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: Anchor Books. Good, Byron J. 1994. Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goriunova, Olga and Shulgin, Alexei. 2008. Glitch. In Software Studies: A Lexicon, ed. Matthew Fuller, 110–19. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Graeber, David. 1997. Manners, Deference, and Private Property in Early Modern Europe. Comparative Studies
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. Ghost in the Wires: My Adventures as the World’s Most Wanted Hacker. New York: Little, Brown and Company. Monfort, Nick. 2008. Obfuscated Code. In Software Studies: A Lexicon, ed. Matthew Fuller, 193–99. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Moody, Glyn. 1997 The Greatest OS that (N)ever Was. Wired August. Available at
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, Barbara. 1989. Inventing Law in Local Settings: Rethinking Popular Legal Culture. Yale Law Journal 98 (8): 1689–1709. Yuill, Simon. 2008. Concurrent Versions Systems. In Software Studies: A Lexicon, ed. Matthew Fuller, 64–69. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Zandbergen, Dorien. 2010. Silicon Valley New Age: The Co-Constitution of the Digital and
We Are Data: Algorithms and the Making of Our Digital Selves
by John Cheney-Lippold · 1 May 2017 · 420pp · 100,811 words
–425; Ian Bogost, Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007); Noah Wardrip-Fruin, Expressive Processing: Digital Fictions, Computer Games, and Software Studies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009). 92. Kevin Kelly and Derrick de Kerckhove, “4.10: What Would McLuhan Say?,” Wired, October 1, 1996, http://archive.wired
What Algorithms Want: Imagination in the Age of Computing
by Ed Finn · 10 Mar 2017 · 285pp · 86,853 words
worshippers or, worse, their pets. Notes 1. For a rich history on the figure of the shaman, see Eliade, Shamanism. 2. Levy, Hackers. 3. Chun, Software Studies, 175. 4. Turner, From Counterculture to Cyberculture. 5. Kay et al., The World Color Survey; Berlin and Kay, Basic Color Terms; Loreto, Mukherjee, and Tria
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apparatus of Facebook itself. In this way algorithmic reading draws from the multiple critical forerunners we have already considered here—cybernetics, cultural studies, platform and software studies, media theory, and digital materiality. We are just beginning to work out how to pull these different perspectives together to ask questions about the ethics
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assemblages can do extraordinary, beautiful things. Notes 1. Wiener, “Men, Machines and the World About.” 2. Lewis, Flash Boys, 114. 3. Williams, Keywords. 4. Chun, Software Studies. 5. Knuth, “Ancient Babylonian Algorithms.” 6. Ensmenger, History of Computing, 131. 7. Ibid., 132. 8. Moschovakis, “What Is an Algorithm?,” n. 1. 9. Sedgewick, “Computer
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the division between organism and environment. Rid, Rise of the Machines, 53-63. 43. Ibid., 68–69. 44. Chun, Software Studies, 2. 45. Ibid. 46. Weizenbaum, Computer Power and Human Reason, 255. 47. Chun, Software Studies, 53. 48. Berlinski, The Advent of the Algorithm, 305. 49. Plato, Symposium. 50. Sparrow, Liu, and Wegner, “Google
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Is Transforming the Economy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014. http://www.myilibrary.com/?ID=614046. Chun, Wendy Hui Kyong. Programmed Visions: Software and Memory. Software Studies. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2011. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10496266. Ciancutti, John. “Does Netflix Add Content Based on Your Searches
Intertwingled: The Work and Influence of Ted Nelson (History of Computing)
by Douglas R. Dechow · 2 Jul 2015 · 223pp · 52,808 words
, taking the technical level seriously, has blossomed. The MIT Press has been one of the leading supporters of this, initiating new book series in both software studies and platform studies. However, this critical reading generally still remains divorced from writing. I know of no educational institution that teaches them together (e.g
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., no introductory programming course that includes introductory software studies content) and I know of only one published scholarly book that includes the writing of software as one of the critical methods it uses in
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analyzing software (the unusually-titled 10 PRINT CHR$(205.5 + RND(1)); : GOTO 10 [9]). Of course, while undertakings such as software studies seem new to many, for those of us who read Nelson’s work it is simply the continuation of his tradition. CL/DM contains much
Overcomplicated: Technology at the Limits of Comprehension
by Samuel Arbesman · 18 Jul 2016 · 222pp · 53,317 words
The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty
by Benjamin H. Bratton · 19 Feb 2016 · 903pp · 235,753 words
The Digital Party: Political Organisation and Online Democracy
by Paolo Gerbaudo · 19 Jul 2018 · 302pp · 84,881 words
Speaking Code: Coding as Aesthetic and Political Expression
by Geoff Cox and Alex McLean · 9 Nov 2012
Raw Data Is an Oxymoron
by Lisa Gitelman · 25 Jan 2013
Power Button: A History of Pleasure, Panic, and the Politics of Pushing
by Rachel Plotnick · 24 Sep 2018 · 359pp · 105,248 words