by Joe Studwell · 6 Dec 2025 · 393pp · 148,223 words
Tarp, Made in Africa: Learning to Compete in Industry (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2016), chapter 7. 11 Thomas Farole and Gokhan Akinci (eds.), Special Economic Zones: Progress, Emerging Challenges, and Future Directions (Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications, 2011). 12 Deborah Bräutigam, ‘Xi Jinping is Visiting Africa This Week. Here’s
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Africa Lending, Briefing Paper no. 04/2021) (Washington, D.C.: China Africa Research Initiative, 2021). 13 Deborah Bräutigam and Tang Xiaoyang, ‘African Shenzhen: China’s Special Economic Zones in Africa’, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49: 1 (2011), pp. 27–54. 14 Whitfield, Therkildsen, Buur and Kjær, The Politics of African Industrial
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8. 20 US Africa sourcing plans from Altenburg et al., Exporting out of China or out of Africa? On Bangladesh, see Farole and Akinci (eds.), Special Economic Zones, chapter 3. On Cambodia, see Newman et al., Made in Africa, chapter 3. Data for 2023 from General Department of Customs and Excise of Cambodia
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Rodrik, ‘An African Growth Miracle?’ Journal of African Economies (2016), pp. 1–18. 32 On Africa’s early industrial parks, see Farole and Akinci (eds.), Special Economic Zones, chapter 3. 33 On China’s parks, see Bräutigam, The Dragon’s Gift, chapter 3. The China Development Bank loans supporting firms in the parks
by David Pogue · 10 Mar 2026 · 686pp · 216,944 words
drum up business, and gradually built Foxconn (the company’s international name) into a computer-parts powerhouse. Gou set up shop in Shenzhen, China, a “special economic zone” established by the Chinese government in the late seventies with lower taxes, looser regulations, and funding for building factories and worker dorms. By the end
by Peter Oppenheimer · 3 May 2020 · 333pp · 76,990 words
1978 Chinese reforms that started the ‘household responsibility system’ in the countryside, giving some farmers ownership of their products for the first time, the first ‘special economic zone’ was formed in Shenzhen in 1980. This concept allowed for the introduction and experimentation of more flexible market policies. Although the reforms were slow and
by Guillaume Pitron · 14 Jun 2023 · 271pp · 79,355 words
flows’.36 This strategy of frictionless profit is not new. It draws from what the American researcher Jeffrey Winters in 1996 coined ‘zonal capitalism’: ‘a special economic zone — sometimes walled, but always clearly bounded — in which an intensified effort has been made to create a climate favourable to business’.37 We find the
by Edward Tse · 13 Jul 2015 · 233pp · 64,702 words
1980s. For the first time in decades, everyone had enough food on their tables. Further reforms continued through the decade. First in a handful of “special economic zones,” then at other locations along the coast, foreign enterprises, mostly small-scale export-processing operations from Hong Kong, opened factories and processing plants. An increasing
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Foods, 22, 120 Softbank, 37, 156, 194 SOHO China, 48 Sohu, 158, 159 sourcing networks, 188 South China Morning Post, 37 South Korea, 121, 141 special economic zones, 43 Standard Chartered, 151 State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film, and Television, 219 State Council, 215 state-owned enterprises, 9–10, 13–14, 36
by Rana Mitter · 25 Feb 2016 · 193pp · 46,052 words
. Economic equality was no longer the goal of government. As part of the encouragement of entrepreneurship, Deng designated four areas on China’s coast as Special Economic Zones, which would be particularly attractive to foreign investors, thereby ending the preference for self-sufficiency that had marked the economy under Mao (see also Chapter
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sell their crops on the free market, and individuals encouraged to set up enterprises (see Chapter 3). In the early 1980s, Deng Xiaoping established the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in port cities on China’s southern coast. This signalled his desire to lay down the first phase of economic growth: it would start
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, Edgar 50 society 71–95 Song dynasty 97 Song Jiaoren 30 Soviet Union 35, 36, 52, 53, 56, 62, 80, 84, 101 see also Russia Special Economic Zones (SEZs) 62, 102 sport 88, 89 student protests 63–4, 94 see also May Fourth Movement; Tian’anmen Square protest Sun Yatsen 18, 28–9
by Branko Milanovic · 10 Apr 2016 · 312pp · 91,835 words
targets (like GDP growth rates) and to spur experimentation with various economic policies and forms of ownership. The system has allowed experimentation ranging from the Special Economic Zones in the 1980s to the Shanghai bourse in recent years. But while this political structure has performed very well in the past half century, it
by Douglas McWilliams · 15 Feb 2015 · 193pp · 47,808 words
only Apple, Google and Microsoft – such is the scale of the Chinese consumer base. Yet whilst firms such as Alibaba and Huawei were founded in special economic zones such as Hangzhou and Shenzhen, Z-innoway subsumes a startup culture on a smaller scale that is more reminiscent of Silicon Roundabout in London and
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ref1, ref2, ref3 Hong Kong ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6 Cyberport ref1 Hong Kong Stock Exchange ref1 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) ref1, ref2 special economic zones Hangzhou ref1 Shenzhen ref1 Zhongguancun Innovation Way (Z-innoway) ref1 China Mobile ref1 China Telecom ref1 China Unicom ref1 Cisco Systems facilities of ref1 cloud
by Johan Norberg · 31 Aug 2016 · 262pp · 66,800 words
Asian ‘tiger’ economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, but also from local experiments with private farming and township enterprises. So it allowed special economic zones in Guangdong from 1980, which were exempt from the rules of the command economy. Production was mostly based on market forces, international investments and technologies
by Anna Wiener · 14 Jan 2020 · 237pp · 74,109 words
from nowhere. What about the local economy? I was starting to get mad. I was starting to show my cards. “Ideally, it would be a special economic zone,” he said. “You know Shenzhen?” I knew Shenzhen: a high-gloss, highly surveilled city where rapid economic growth encouraged both luxury development and child-labor
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