The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World
by Lawrence Lessig · 14 Jul 2001 · 494pp · 142,285 words
for traditional public use). See also Hanoch Dagan and Michael A. Heller, “The Liberal Commons,” Yale Law Journal 110 (2001): 549; Michael A. Heller, “The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets,” Harvard Law Review 111 (1998): 621, 622-26; Alison Rieser, “Prescriptions for the Commons: Environmental Scholarship and
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opportunity for any number of players to interfere with open access to the network could be viewed as an anticommons. See Michael A. Heller, “The Tragedy of the Anticommons,” Harvard Law Review 111 (1998): 621; James M. Buchanan and Yong J. Yoon, “Symmetric Tragedies: Commons and Anticommons,” Journal of Law & Economics 43 (2000): 1
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patents—specious or not—make an unfortunate kind of sense.” Ibid. 114 Warshofsky, The Patent Wars, 170-71 (emphasis added). 115 Michael A. Heller, “The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets,” Harvard Law Review 111 (1998): 621. The general issue of patents in sequential, or cumulative, innovation is
Hacking Capitalism
by Söderberg, Johan; Söderberg, Johan;
3 (spring 2001). 21. Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share—An Essay on General Economy, vol.I (New York: Zone Books, 1988). 22. Michael Heller, “The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets”, Harvard Law Review (January 1998). 23. Marcel Mauss, The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic
Without Copyrights: Piracy, Publishing, and the Public Domain (Modernist Literature and Culture)
by Robert Spoo · 1 Aug 2013 · 552pp · 143,074 words
in the public domain in others. I call this state of affairs a tragedy of the uncoordinated commons—a variation on the concept of the tragedy of the anticommons. An anticommons is the antithesis of a commons. It results from a coordination breakdown in which multiple ownership claims in the same resource cause the
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Law, 575–76. 53. Copyright and Related Rights Regs., 1996, S.I. No. 2967, pt. II, 16(3) (U.K.). 54. See Michael Heller, “The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets,” Harvard Law Review 111 (1998): 621–88. 55. Golan, 565 U.S. ___, 132 S. Ct. at 906
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n.197 See also piracy, literary; public domain, American; social norms trademark law, 198, 225–30 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 264 tragedy of the anticommons, 274. See also public domain Transatlantic Review, 170, 172 Transatlantic Tales, 181 transition, 104–5, 224 Trollope, Anthony, 51 Tushnet, Rebecca, 9 Two Worlds (quarterly
Democratizing innovation
by Eric von Hippel · 1 Apr 2005 · 220pp · 73,451 words
an effect first pointed out by Merges and Nelson (1990) and further explored as the “tragedy of the anticommons” by Heller (1998) and Heller and Eisenberg (1998). A resource such as innovation-related information is prone to underuse—a tragedy of the anticommons—when multiple owners each have a right to exclude others and no one has an
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–1769. Hecker, F. 1999. “Setting Up Shop: The Business of Open Source Software.” IEEE Software 16, no. 1: 45–51. Heller, M. A. 1998. “The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the Transition from Marx to Markets.” Harvard Law Review 111: 621–688. Heller, M. A., and R. S. Eisenberg. 1998. “Can Patents Deter
The Captured Economy: How the Powerful Enrich Themselves, Slow Down Growth, and Increase Inequality
by Brink Lindsey · 12 Oct 2017 · 288pp · 64,771 words
with a whole slew of patents by multiple patent holders. Such “patent thickets”12 can cause serious coordination and holdup problems that amount to a “tragedy of the anticommons.”13 In the familiar tragedy of the commons, lack of clear ownership rights creates perverse incentives that lead to resource depletion. Here, the mirror-image
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, vol. 1, ed. Adam B. Jaffe, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001), pp. 119–50. 13.For a discussion of the tragedy of the anticommons in the intellectual property context and elsewhere, see Michael Heller, The Gridlock Economy: How Too Much Ownership Wrecks Markets, Stops Innovation, and Costs Lives (New